Spinning Wheel

spinning wheel, early machine for turning fiber into thread or yarn, which was then woven into
cloth on a loom. The spinning wheel was probably invented in India, though its origins are
obscure. It reached Europe via the Middle East in the European Middle Ages.
Dieter Kuhn and Weiji Cheng propose the spinning wheel originated in Zhou dynasty China, in
the first millennia BCE, are mentioned in Chinese dictionaries of the 2nd century CE, and in
widespread use by c. 1090, with the earliest clear Chinese illustration of the machine dated to
around 1270.
Other research says that No one knows for certain who invented the first spinning wheel or
when. Some evidence points to the invention of the spinning wheel in India between 500 and
1000 A.D. Other research indicates it was invented in China and then spread from China to Iran,
Iran to India and then India to Europe.
Stirrups
The use of paired stirrups is credited to the Chinese Jin Dynasty and came to Europe during the
Middle Ages. Some argue that the stirrup was one of the basic tools used to create and spread
modern civilization, possibly as important as the wheel or printing press.
Stirrups are used to support a rider's feet in riding and to aid in mounting. Stirrups probably
originated in the Asian steppes about the 2nd century BC. They enormously increased the
military value of the horse.
Mongolians use this device in their conquest this was their sole power of the army. Because they
were using horses and archers which they specialize in.
In many of their battles enemies started their own stirrups.
Compass
By Alexander Neckam (1157–1217 AD)
-Magnetized needles and compasses were first described in medieval Europe by the English
theologian. The first usage of a compass in Western Europe was recorded in around 1190 and in
the Islamic world 1232.
A compass is a navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the Earth's magnetic
poles. It consists of a magnetized pointer (usually marked on the North end) free to align itself
with Earth's magnetic field. The compass greatly improved the safety and efficiency of travel,
especially ocean travel.
This was used for sailing as well and it was effective at navigating in the great open sea whalers
tend to use this more often and military patrol ship.
Tidal Mills
This became more common during the Middle Ages. A tide mill would have a storage pond
which filled up as the tide came in. As the tide went out, the pond emptied and the moving water
rotated a water wheel. By the 18th century, 76 tide mills were being used in London alone.
This machinery was mainly use for easy labor with farms and clothing specialties later on this
was invented into making electricity.
Gunpowder
Gunpowder makers in the 14th and 15th centuries used black powder brought to Europe from
China, then mixed its three ingredients together one by one: saltpeter (also known as potassium
nitrate), charcoal, and sulfur. But they also made some chef-like improvisations, including a
splash of brandy, vinegar, or varnish.
Gun powder was mainly use in muskets, explosive barrels, catapults, cannons and other
projectile invention. This substance was discovered by the Chinese and it was discovered later on
with trading and conquering which led to a new era. Ships with cannons, gun powdered guns
and explosive grenades were invented.
Printing Press
Medieval presses used a handle to turn a wooden screw that moved the platen on which the paper
was mounted; the platen squeezed the paper against the type, which was locked in place in a
frame, or form. Metal presses, developed late in the 18th century, used steam to drive a cylinder
press.
This invention was so popular during the middle ages because books were so famous in this era.
Records, Novels, War strategies and more.
Monasteries kept libraries filled not only with sacred texts but also with literary, scientific, and
philosophical works by Greek and Roman authors. Multivolume Bibles and huge liturgical books
were housed and used in churches.
Astrolabe
The astrolabe was a key astronomical instrument during the Middle Ages. It can be used to tell
the time, measure the heights of stars and buildings, and for many other calculations and
observations.
Astrolabes were primarily invented by the ancient Greeks in 225 BCE by Apollonius based on
the theories and the findings of Hipparchus. The main uses of astrolabes were to tell time during
day or night, to identify the time of sunrise and sunset, and the length of the day, and to locate
celestial objects in the sky.