AIM

To assemble a household cireuit comprising of three bulbs, three (on-off) switches, a fuse and a power source.

YOU NEED
1. Three bulbs (15 W, 40 W and 60 W) 2. Three on-off switches 3. A fuse wire 4. A two pin plug 5. Flexible
Ted and black P.V.C. connecting wires 6. Main switch.

Two pin plug

A.C. mains
S S2 S3

Fig. 4 Household circuit comprising of three bulbs and three switches

 Saraswati Lab Manual Physics-XI|
60

THEORY
Household cireuit functions on main supply of 220 volt at the frequency of 50 Hz and current ratings of
5 A of domestic supply or normal appliances. In household circuits, all the appliances are connected in

parallel with aswitch connected in series with each appliance in supply live line.
in series with mains.
Also for the further safety, a suitable value of main fuse is connected
a.c.

HOW TO DO in series and connect the other

1. Connect end of bulb holder to red flexible wire through a switch
one

end of the bulb holder to the black flexible wire.

wire ends at one point and the black wire
2. Connect the three bulb-switch combination in parallel, red
ends at the other point.
wire is red and other is black.
3. Take two long P.v.C. wires to serve as lead wire, one
4. Connect wire ends to red lead wire L. It serves as
live-lead.
It will serve as neutral-lead.
5. Connect the black wire ends to the black lead wire Lo.
6. Connect the fuse wire F in live-lead L.
two leads L and Lo.
7. Connect a two-pin plug P at the end of the
board.
8. Insert the P in two-pin socket provided in the main electric
plug
again to that household circuit is complete.
9. Check the circuit once ensure

TESTING
Make the switches on one-by-one and put them off one-by-one.

OBSERVATIONS
It stops glowing when the switch is made off.
The bulb glows when the switch is made on.

TAKECARE
1. The safety fuse should be suitably selected.

4
ACTIVITY4
AlM
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

YOU NEED
1. Resistor 2. Ammeter 3. Voltmeter 4. One-way key 5. Battery 6. Rheostat 7. Connecting wires.
Battery Ammeter Rheostat
HOW TO Do HHH-A, Key wwww
1. Make the circuit diagram as shown in Fig. 5.
series with
2. Connect the ammeter, rheostat, resistor and battery in
each other as shown in Fig. 5.
as shown in
3. Connect voltmeter in parallel with the given resistor
Fig. 5. Resistor
4. For measurement of current fowing through the
circuit and potential ww
in and adjust the R
drop across the resistor 'R, insert the plug key
rheostat so that ammeter and voltmeter show some deflections
and record the observations.
5. Assembly of electric components in the electric circuit is complete.
Voltmeter
5 Electric circuit using
CONCLUSION Fig.
given components
Assembly of all the components in the electric circuit is complete.
Saraswati Lab Manual Physics-XII
61

UTILITY
It is used for measuring an unknown resistance.

TAKE CARE
1. Ammeter is connected in series in the circuit.
2. Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the
given resistor.
AIM
To draw the diagram of given open circuit comprising of at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter
and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and
also the circuit diagram.
Saraswati Lab Manual Physics-XII
63

YOUNEEDDI
1. A voltmeter and an ammeter of Ammeter
liminator of range 0 to 6 volt 3. Aappropriate
Cell
range 2. A battery
5. A rheostat. dry cell 4. Two one-way keys
Voltmeter VV)
THEORY
Acell is said to be in an
open circuit when no current is
from it. The circuit diagram of a cell drawn wwwW
in an open circuit is shown Rheostat
in the Fig. 8 and the
components are connected as shown in the
diagram (Fig. 8).

HOWTODO
1. Make the circuit K2
diagram as shown in Fig. 8 and connect Battery
all the given components as shown in the Fig. 8 keeping Fig. 8 Open circuit diagram using given
the keys K, and K» open. components
2. Make sure that the cell is connected in
the resistance box, miliammeter and parallel with the rheostat and it is connected in series with
the voltmeter is connected in parallel with the resistance box.
Also connect the battery, rheostat and
key K according to the circuit diagram.
3. Take out some resistance (say 5 ohm) from
the resistance box,
plug in key Ki, now note the reading of ammeter and voltmeter.keeping key K2 open
and insert the
4. Adjust the battery eliminator at 4 volt and insert the plug in
from left to right and observe the milliammeter key K and slowly shift the rheostat
5.
reading.
Stop the sliding of rheostat when the milliammeter shows zero
6. As no current is drawn from the cell as it reading.
gives zero reading, the cell is set for circuit. open
CONCLUSION
When ammeter shows zero reading, hence, cell is said to be in open circuit.
TAKECARE
1. Ammeter should be connected in series while
voltmeter should be connected in parallel with the
circuit.
2. Cell should be connected in
parallel with the rheostat.
3. Voltmeter and ammeter of proper
range should be used.