Designation: B695 − 04 (Reapproved 2009)

Standard Specification for

Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel 1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of 
original
original adoption or, in the case of revis
revision,
ion, the year of last revision.
revision. A number in paren
parenthese
thesess indicates the year of last reappr
reapproval.
oval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Sco
Scope
pe A563  Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
A563 Specification
1.1 This specification
specification covers
covers the requi
requirement
rementss for a coatin
coatingg B117 Practice
B117  Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
of zinc mechanically deposited on iron and steel basis metals. B183 PraPractic
cticee for Pre
Prepar
paratio
ation
n of LowLow-Ca
-Carbo
rbonn Stee
Steell for
Thee co
Th coat
atin
ing
g is pr
prov
ovid
ided
ed in se
seve
vera
rall th
thick
ickne
ness
sses
es up to anand d Electroplating
inclu
includi
ding
ng 10107
7 µm
µm.. Th
Thee sev
seven
en ththick
ickesestt cla
class
sses
es ar
aree us
usua
ually
lly B242 Guide
B242  Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
referred to as “mechanically galvanized.” troplating
B322 Guide
B322  Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
1.2   This standar
standard d doe
doess not purport
purport to add
addre ress
ss all of the B487 Test MethMethod od for Mea
Measursuremen
ementt of Met
Metalal and Oxi
Oxide
de
safetyy co
safet conc
ncer
erns
ns,, if an
anyy, as
asso
socia
ciated
ted wi
with
th it
itss us
use.
e. It is th
thee Coating
Coat ing Thi
Thickn
ckness
ess by MicrMicrosc
oscopi
opical
cal Exa
Examina
mination
tion of 
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Cross Sectio
Section n
 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- B499 Test
B499  Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by th thee Ma
Magngnet
etic
ic Me
Meththod
od:: No
Nonm
nmagagne
netic
tic Co
Coat
atin
ings
gs on
NOTE  1—The performance of this coating complies with the require- Magnetic Basis Metals
ments of Specification A153/A153M
Specification  A153/A153M and
 and MIL-C-81562. B571 Practice
B571  Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
1.3 The values
values stated in SI uni
units
ts are to be reg
regard
arded
ed as the Coatings
standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units are given for B602   Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
B602
informational purposes. Inorganic Coatings
B697 Guide
B697  Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
2. Referenc
Referenced
ed Documents
Documents of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
2.1   ASTM Standards:2 B762 Test Metho
Method d of Variabl
ariables
es Sampli
Sampling
ng of Metalli
Metallicc and
A153/A153M   Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
A153/A153M Inorganic Coatings
Iron and Steel Hardware F1470 PraPractic
cticee for Fas
Fasten
tener
er Samp
Samplin
ling
g for Spe
Specifi
cified
ed Me-
A194/A194M Specificati
A194/A194M  Specification
on for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts chanicall Prope
chanica Properties
rties and Perfo
Performance
rmance Inspection
for Bolts for High Pressu
Pressure
re or High Tempera
emperature
ture Service, 2.2   Military Standard:
or Both MIL-C-81562   Coating, Cadmium, Tin Cadmium and Zinc
A325 Specificat
A325  Specification
ion for Structu
Structural
ral Bolts, Steel, Heat Trea
Treated,
ted, (Mechanically Deposited)3
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength 2.3   AISC Standard:
A490 Specifi
Specification
cation for Struc
Structural
tural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Specifications for Structural Joints Using ASTM  A325 or
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength  Bolts4
A490 Bolts
A490

1
3. Class
Classifica
ification
tion
This specification
specification is under the juris
jurisdictio
diction
n of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 3.1   Classes— Zinc
Zinc coa
coatin
tings
gs are classified
classified on the basis of 
B08.06 on
B08.06  on Soft Metals.
thickness, as follows:
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approv
app roved
ed in 198
1982.
2. Las
Lastt pre
previo
vious
us edi
editio
tion
n app
approve
roved
d in 200
2004
4 as B69
B695–
5– 04. DOI
DOI::
10.1520/B0695-04R09.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, [Link], or Availab
vailable
le from Stand
Standardiza
ardization
tion Docum
Documents
ents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@[Link]. For  Annual Book of ASTM  Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Availab
vailable
le from American
American Instit
Institute
ute of Stee
Steell Const
Constructio
ruction
n (AISC
(AISC),
), One E.
the ASTM website. Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, [Link]

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 B695 − 04 (2009)

Class Minimum Thickness, µm 6.2.1   Stress-Relief Treatment— All steel parts that have an
110 107 ultimate tensile strength of 1000 MPa and above and that
80 81
70 69
contain tensile stresses caused by machining, grinding,
65 66 straightening, or cold-forming operation shall be given a
55 53 stress-relief heat treatment prior to cleaning and metal deposi-
50 50
40 40
tion. The temperature and time at temperature shall be 190 6
25 25 15°C for a minimum of 3 h so that maximum stress relief is
12 12 obtained without reducing the hardness below the specified
8 8
5 5
minimum.
6.2.2 High-strength steels (which become embrittled when
3.2   Types— Zinc coatings are identified by types on the basis
charged with hydrogen) and that have heavy oxide or scale
of supplementary treatment required, as follows:
shall be cleaned before application of the coating in accordance
Type I—As coated, without supplementary treatment (Ap-
with Practice   B242.   In general, nonelectrolytic alkaline,
pendix X2.1).
anodic-alkaline, and some inhibited acid cleaners are preferred
Type II—With colored chromate conversion treatment (Ap-
to avoid the risk of producing hydrogen embrittlement from the
pendix X2.2).
cleaning procedure.
4. Ordering Information 6.2.3 For low-carbon steels, see Practice   B183.   Useful
4.1 Supplying the following information by the purchaser to guidelines are also given in Guide  B322.
the seller in the purchase order or other governing document 6.2.4 Mechanical deposition of zinc coatings shall consist,
will make the application of this specification complete: in general, of all of the steps listed below, and in the sequence
4.1.1 Class, including a maximum thickness, if appropriate, as shown:
type, and for Type II, color and need for supplemental lubricant [Link] Preparation of the surface of the parts to be coated,
(3.1, 3.2, and 6.2.5), by chemical (generally acidic) procedure to an extent that
4.1.2 Nature of substrate (for example, high-strength steel), permits uniformly satisfactory results from subsequent steps.
need for stress relief (6.2.1), and cleaning precautions to be [Link] Deposition of a thin metal coating, generally of 
followed (6.2.2 and 6.2.3), copper, by immersion in appropriate chemical solutions, with-
4.1.3 Significant surfaces (6.3), out the use of electric current. There are no thickness require-
4.1.4 Requirements for and methods of testing for one or ments for this coating.
more of the following, if required: need for and type of test [Link] Tumbling of the parts that have been treated accord-
specimens (8.1), thickness (6.3 and 8.3), adhesion (6.4 and ing to [Link]  and [Link] in a container with the following:
8.4), corrosion resistance (6.5 and 8.5), absence of hydrogen (1)  The zinc metal to be deposited, in powder form;
embrittlement, and the waiting period before testing and testing (2)  Impact media, which includes glass, for example, or
loads (6.6 and 8.6), other substances that are essentially inert to the chemicals of 
4.1.5 Inspection responsibility (Section 11) and sampling the deposition process. The function of this media is to aid in
plan for each inspection criterion (Section  7), and providing mechanical forces to drive the metal powder onto the
4.1.6 Requirements for certified report of test results (Sec- substrate parts;
tion 10). (3)   A “promoter” or “accelerator” which aids in the uni-
form deposition of the metal powder; and
5. Workmanship (4)  A liquid medium, generally water.
5.1 The coating shall be uniform in appearance and free of  [Link] Separation of the parts from the solid and liquid
blisters, pits, nodules, flaking, and other defects that are media.
capable of adversely affecting the function of the coating. The [Link] Rinsing.
coating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 6.3  including roots [Link] Drying.
of threads, thread peaks, corners, recesses, and edges. The 6.2.5   Supplementary Treatments:
coating shall not be stained or discolored throughout to an [Link] Colored Chromate Conversion Treatments (Type
extent capable of adversely affecting appearance as a func-  II)— Colored chromate conversion treatment for Type II shall
tional requirement. However, superficial staining, that results be done in a solution containing hexavalent chromium ions.
from rinsing or drying, and variations in color or luster shall This solution shall produce a bright or semi-bright continuous,
not be cause for rejection. smooth, protective film with a uniform color that is capable of 
NOTE  2—The nature of the mechanical plating process is such that ranging from yellow through bronze and olive-drab to brown
coatings characteristically will not be as smooth or as bright as some and black and that are capable of being dyed to a desired color.
electroplated coatings. Bright dips that do not contain salts that yield films containing
hexavalent chromium ions are precluded as treatments for
6. Requirements
producing Type II coatings.
6.1   Appearance— T he coating as deposited shall have a [Link] Waxes, lacquers, or other organic coatings are not
uniform silvery appearance, and a matte to medium-bright prohibited from being used to improve lubricity, and the need
luster. for them shall be supplied in the purchase order or other
6.2   Process: governing document (see   4.1.1). Supplemental lubrication

2
 B695 − 04 (2009)

treatments shall not be used to ensure conformance to the salt is an inherent characteristic of mechanical deposition processes.
spray corrosion resistance requirements (see 8.5.4). Therefore, the coating thickness will have to exceed the specified value at
some points on the significant surfaces to ensure that the thickness equals
[Link] Lubrication of grade DH nuts processed in accor- or exceeds the specified value at all points. Hence, in most cases, the
dance with this specification and used with Specification A325 average coating thickness on an article will be greater than the specified
high-strength bolts is a requirement of paragraph 6.5 of  value; how much greater is largely determined by the shape of the article
Specification A325  and paragraph 4.8 of Specification  A563. and the characteristics of the deposition process.
In addition, the average coating thickness on articles will vary from
NOTE   3—Although not included in Specification A194/A194M,   this article to article within a production lot. Therefore, if all of the articles in
provision should apply to mechanically galvanized Specification A194/  a production lot are to meet the thickness requirement, the average coating
A194M 2H nuts when supplied for use with Specification  A325 bolts. thickness for the production lot as a whole will be greater than the average
NOTE 4—Specifications for structural joints using Specification A325 or necessary to ensure that a single article meets the requirement.
A490   bolts references the use of lubricants on nuts to be used with 6.4   Adhesion— The zinc coating shall be sufficiently adher-
Specification A325 high-strength bolts and is found in the commentary on
this RCSC (Research Council on Structural Connections of the Engineer- ent to the basis metal to pass the tests specified in 8.4.
ing Foundation) Specification, within the paragraphs entitled “Effect Of  6.5   Corrosion Resistance:
Galvanizing Upon Torque Involved In Tightening” and “Shipping Re-
6.5.1 The presence of corrosion products visible to the
quirements For Galvanized Bolts and Nuts,” published November 1985,
page 30.4 unaided eye at normal reading distance at the end of the
specified test periods stated in Table 1 shall constitute failure,
6.2.6   Surface Defects— Defects and variations in appear-
except that corrosion products at edges of specimens shall not
ance in the coating that arise from surface conditions of the
constitute failure. Slight “whisps” of white corrosion, as
substrate (scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.) and that
opposed to obvious accumulations, shall be acceptable.
persist in the finish despite the observance of good metal
finishing practices shall not be cause for rejection. NOTE  8—Mechanical deposition is exclusively a barrel-finishing pro-
cess. It is recognized that mechanical deposition on parts may therefore
NOTE 5—Applied finishes generally perform better in service when the produce surfaces that have a different characteristic from those on parts
substrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of torn metal, that are finished exclusively by racking. Similarly, corrosion testing of 
inclusions, pores, and other defects. It is recommended that the specifi- actual parts may produce different results from those on test panels. Salt
cations covering the unfinished product provide limits for these defects. A spray requirements that are appropriate to indicate the technical quality
metal finisher can often remove defects through special treatments, such with which a process is carried out may be impractical for acceptance of 
as grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, chemical treatments, and elec- actual parts. In such cases the purchaser shall indicate his requirements on
tropolishing. However, these are not normal in the treatment steps the purchase order (4.1.4).
preceding the application of the finish. When desired they must be NOTE  9—In many instances, there is no direct relation between the
specified on the purchase order (4.1.2). results of an accelerated corrosion test and the resistance to corrosion in
other media, because several factors that influence the progress of 
6.3   Thickness: corrosion, such as the formation of protective films, vary greatly with the
6.3.1 The thickness of the coating everywhere on the conditions encountered. The results obtained in the test should not,
significant surfaces shall be at least that of the specified class therefore, be regarded as a direct guide to the corrosion resistance of the
as defined in 3.1. tested materials in all environments where these materials may be used.
Also, performance of different materials in the test cannot always be taken
6.3.2 Significant surfaces are defined as those normally as a direct guide to the relative corrosion resistance of these materials in
visible (directly or by reflection) that are essential to the service.
appearance or serviceability of the article when assembled in
6.5.2 On parts with Type II coatings, the greater number of 
normal position; or that are capable of providing the source of 
hours for either white corrosion products or rust shall apply.
corrosion products that deface visible surfaces on the as-
For example, for Type II, Class 8, the test shall be continued
sembled article. When necessary, the significant surfaces shall
until the 72-h requirement is met for white corrosion products;
be indicated on the drawing for the article, or by the provision
similarly, for Type II, Class 25, if no white corrosion products
of suitably marked samples.
appear before 72 h, test shall be continued until the 192-h
NOTE 6—The thickness of mechanically-deposited coatings varies from requirement for basis metal corrosion is met (8.5.2).
point-to-point on the surface of a product, characteristically tending to be
thicker on flat surfaces and thinner at exposed edges, sharp projections,
6.6  Absence of Hydrogen Embrittlement— Springs and other
shielded or recessed areas, interior corners and holes, with such thinner high-strength parts subject to flexure shall be held for a
areas often being exempted from thickness requirements. minimum of 48 h at room temperature after coating before
6.3.3 When significant surfaces are involved on which the
specified thickness of deposit cannot readily be controlled, it is TABLE 1 Minimum Hours to Failure
incumbent upon the purchaser and manufacturer to recognize (White Corrosion Products and Red Rust for Mechanically
the necessity for either thicker or thinner deposits. For Deposited Zinc Coatings on Iron and Steel)
example, to reduce buildup in thread roots, holes, deep Type White Corrosion
Class: 55–110 50 40 25 12 8 5
recesses, bases of angles, and similar areas, the deposit A A A A A A A
I
thickness on the more accessible surfaces will have to be II 72 72 72 72 72 72 72
reduced proportionately. Red Rust
Class: 55–110 50 40 25 12 8 5
NOTE  7—The coating thickness requirement of this specification is a I no requirement 300 250 192 96 56 36
minimum requirement; that is, the coating thickness is required to equal or II no requirement 300 250 192 96 72 72
exceed the specified thickness everywhere on the significant surfaces. A
No requirement.
Variation in the coating thickness from point to point on a coated article

3
 B695 − 04 (2009)

being loaded, flexed, or used. Such high-strength steel parts test specimens, their number, the material from which they
shall be free of hydrogen embrittlement. When specified in the shall be made, and their shape and size shall be stated in the
purchase order, freedom from embrittlement shall be deter- purchase order or other governing document.
mined by the test specified herein (4.1.4 and 8.6). 8.1.2 The test specimen shall duplicate those characteristics
of the article that influence the property being tested, and it
7. Sampling shall be processed with the article through those process steps
7.1 The purchaser and producer are urged to employ statis- that influence the property.
tical process control in the coating process. Properly [Link] The test specimen used to represent an article in an
performed, statistical process control will assure coated prod- adhesion, corrosion resistance, or appearance test shall be
ucts of satisfactory quality and will reduce the amount of  made of the same material, shall be in the same metallurgical
acceptance inspection. The sampling plan used for the inspec- condition, and shall have the same surface condition as the
tion of the quality coated article shall be agreed upon between article it represents, and it shall be placed in the production lot
the purchaser and producer. of, and be processed along with, the article it represents.
7.1.1 When a collection of coated articles (inspection lot, [Link] A test specimen used to represent an article in a
see 7.2) is examined for compliance with the requirements coating thickness test shall be introduced into the process at the
placed on the articles, a relatively small number of the articles point where the coating or coatings are applied and it shall be
(sample) is selected at random and is inspected. The inspection carried through all steps that have a bearing on the coating
lot is then classified as complying with the requirements based thickness.
on the results of the inspection of the sample. The size of the [Link] When a test specimen is used to represent a coated
sample and the criteria for compliance are determined by the article in a thickness test, the specimen will not necessarily
application of statistics. The procedure is known as sampling have the same thickness and thickness distribution as the article
inspection. Test Method B602, Guide B697, and Test Method unless the specimen and the article are of the same general size
B762   contain sampling plans that are designed for sampling and shape. Therefore, before accepting coated articles on the
inspection of coatings. basis of a thickness test performed on representative test
7.1.2 Test Method B602 contains four sampling plans, three specimens, the relationship between the thickness on the
for use with tests that are nondestructive and one when they are specimen and the thickness on the part shall be established. The
destructive. Test Method B602 provides a default plan if one is criterion of acceptance shall be that thickness on the specimen
not specified. that corresponds to the required thickness on the article.
7.1.3 Guide B697 provides a large number of plans and also 8.2   Workmanship—Quality of workmanship shall be de-
gives guidance in the selection of a plan. Guide B697 provides termined by the unaided eye at normal reading distance.
a default plan if one is not specified.
8.3   Thickness:
7.1.4 Test Method   B762   shall be used only for coating
8.3.1 The thickness of the coating shall be determined by
requirements that have a numerical limit, such as coating
the microscopical method (Test Method B487) or the magnetic
thickness. The test must yield a numeric value and certain
method (Test Method B499), as applicable. Other methods are
statistical requirements must be met. Test Method   B762
not prohibited, provided that they demonstrate a measurement
contains several plans and also gives instructions for calculat-
uncertainty less than 10 %.
ing plans to meet special needs. Test Method B762 provides a
8.3.2 The thickness of the coating shall be measured at the
default plan if one is not specified.
location or locations for both significant and nonsignificant
7.1.5 Use Guide   F1470   for fasteners such as internally
surfaces of the product where the coating is expected to be the
threaded, externally threaded, and nonthreaded fasteners and
thinnest or at such locations as specified on the purchase order
washers. This guide provides for two plans: one designated
(4.1.3 and 6.3).
the“ detection process” and one designated the “prevention
8.3.3 Thickness measurements of Type II deposits shall be
process.” The purchaser and producer shall agree on the plan to
made after application of the supplementary treatment. The
be used.
Type II chromate conversion coatings shall be removed from
7.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection of  the test area before the thickness is measured. Removal shall be
coated articles that are the same kind, that have been produced done by using a very mild abrasive (such as a paste of levigated
to the same specification, that have been coated by a single alumina or magnesium oxide) rubbed on gently with the finger.
supplier at one time or approximately the same time, under
NOTE   10—The process by which Type II coatings are produced
essentially identical conditions, and that are submitted for dissolves a small amount of the zinc. For this reason the thickness
acceptance or rejection as a group. requirement to be checked refers to the thickness of the deposit after the
application of the Type II coatings.
8. Test Methods 8.4   Adhesion—Adhesion of the zinc deposit to the basis
8.1   Test Specimens: metal shall be tested in a manner that is consistent with the
8.1.1 If needed, use test specimens to represent the coated service requirements of the coated article. The ability to
articles in a test if the articles are of a size, shape, or material separate the coating from the substrate by peeling, as distinct
that is not suitable for the test, or if it is preferred not to submit from flaking caused by rupture of the deposit or of the basis
articles to a destructive test because, for example, the articles metal, shall be evidence of failure. One of the following
are expensive or few. The permission or the requirement to use methods for determining adhesion shall be used:

4
 B695 − 04 (2009)

8.4.1 The part shall be plastically deformed, if possible, to NOTE   12—It is recommended that tests for embrittlement involve
rupture as specified on the purchase order (4.1.4). subjecting parts to the specified operating conditions for at least 100 h
(except as noted in  8.6.2). The stress level induced by the test and the
8.4.2 The surface of the coated article shall be scraped or waiting period prior to test depend upon many factors such as shape of the
sheared with a sharp edge, knife, or razor blade through the part, carbon content of the steel, hardness of the part, and stress level in
coating down to the basis metal and examined under 4× use. Parts with a tensile strength of over 1000 MPa, for example, may
magnification. require a 48-h waiting period; parts with lower tensile strength may
require less than a 24-h waiting period. High-carbon steel parts or those
NOTE   11—There is no single satisfactory test for evaluating the cold-worked or heat-treated to tensile strengths of 1450 MPa or more,
adhesion of mechanically deposited coatings. Those given above are where these parts will be subjected to a sustained load in use, may require
widely used; however, other tests may prove more applicable in specific testing at loads specified by the purchaser or at 75 % of the ultimate tensile
cases. Various qualitative methods are discussed in Practice  B571. A strength.
review of methods of measuring adhesion is given in the  Proceedings,
American Electroplaters’ Soc., Vol 50.5 9. Rejection and Rehearing
8.5   Salt Spray Corrosion Resistance: 9.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements of this
8.5.1 The 5 % neutral salt spray (fog) test as defined in specification are subject to rejection. Rejection shall be re-
Practice B117 shall be used. ported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In
8.5.2 If samples with Type II coatings are to be examined case of dissatisfaction with the results of a test, the producer or
both for white corrosion products and for rust, use separate supplier is capable of making a claim for rehearing. Finishes
samples to determine the end point for white corrosion and for that show imperfections during subsequent manufacturing
rust. This is to permit uninterrupted exposure for the longer of  operations are again subject to rejection.
the two test periods required without having to wash specimens
10. Certification
for examination, in accordance with Practice B117.
8.5.3 Parts with Type II supplementary chromate film shall 10.1 If required by the purchaser, the purchase order or
be aged at room temperature for 24 h before subjection to the contract that the producer or supplier gives to the purchaser
salt spray test. will include a certification that the finish was produced and
8.5.4 Parts with coatings of wax, etc., shall not be used as tested in accordance with this specification and found to meet
samples for corrosion testing for conformance to the require- the requirements. The purchaser is also capable of requiring
ments of  6.5. that a report of the test results be furnished.
8.6   Absence of Hydrogen Embrittlement: 11. Quality Assurance Provisions
8.6.1 Coated parts to be tested for the absence of embrittle- 11.1 For parts processed for U.S. Government procurement,
ment from cleaning shall be tested for brittle failure in the producer or supplier shall be responsible for the perfor-
accordance with a suitable method to be specified on the mance of all inspection and test requirements specified herein.
purchase order (4.1.4). The description of the method shall Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, the
include the means of applying a load to the part, the stress or producer or supplier is not prohibited from using his own or
load level to be applied, the duration of the test, the waiting any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspec-
time that must elapse between deposition of the zinc and tion and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved
testing or use of the part, and the criterion of failure. by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have the right to perform
8.6.2 Parts that must conform to U.S. Government require- any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification
ments shall be subjected to such loading conditions described where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure that
above for 200 h minimum. material conforms to the prescribed requirements.
12. Keywords
5
For availability of this publication, contact American Electroplaters’ Society, 12.1 chemical zinc; corrosion resistant coatings; mechanical
12644 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826. galvanize; mechanical zinc; zinc coatings

5
 B695 − 04 (2009)

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CHARACTERISTICS

X1.1 Mechanical deposition in itself greatly reduces the risk  be used to compare the behavior of zinc in various atmo-
of hydrogen embrittlement and is suitable for coating bores and spheres. The values are only indicative, because individual
recesses in many parts that cannot be conveniently electro- studies in various parts of the world have resulted in figures
plated (see  Appendix X3). that vary widely from these averages.
Atmosphere Mean Corrosion Rate
X1.2 Zinc coatings are usually applied to provide corrosion Industrial 5.6 µm (0.22 mil)/year
resistance. The performance of a zinc coating depends largely Urban nonindustrial or marine 1.5 µm (0.06 mil)/year
on its thickness, the supplementary treatment if any, and the Suburban 1.3 µm (0.05 mil)/year
Rural 0.8 µm (0.03 mil)/year
kind of environment to which it is exposed. The seven heaviest Indoors considerably less than 0.5 µm (0.01
classes of coatings offer suitable alternatives to hot-dip galva- mil)/year
nizing. The following data, based on widespread testing, may

X2. SPECIFIC TYPES

X2.1  Type I (plain zinc)  is useful for lowest cost protection X2.2   Type II (colored chromates)— Chromates that have a
where early formation of white corrosion products is not color (yellow, olive drab, bronze, etc.) are used to delay the
detrimental. It is also used for higher temperature applications appearance of white or red corrosion products on the plated
up to approximately 120°C where the effectiveness of chro- article, or to provide a color desired by a customer for a
mates is greatly reduced. specific purpose.

X3. HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT

X3.1 A major advantage of mechanical deposition is that it degree of embrittlement that might result from following
does not produce hydrogen embrittlement in hardened steel proper procedures with cleaning methods permitted in this
during the coating process. However, pronounced embrittle- specification normally is self-relieving within a day’s time at
ment can be produced in certain cleaning processes. The mild room temperature.

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