DAYBREAK

Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 Kings

  Judges 1:1-36  1 Samuel 8:1-22  2 Samuel 16:1-23

 Judges 2:1-23  1 Samuel 9:1-27  2 Samuel 17:1-29

 Judges 3:1-31  1 Samuel 10:1 — 11:15  2 Samuel 18:1-33

 Judges 4:1-24  1 Samuel 12:1-25  2 Samuel 19:1-43

 Judges 5:1-31  1 Samuel 13:1-23  2 Samuel 20:1-26

 Judges 6:1-40  1 Samuel 14:1-52  2 Samuel 21:1-22

 Judges 7:1-25  1 Samuel 15:1-35  2 Samuel 22:1-51

 Judges 8:1-35  1 Samuel 16:1-23  2 Samuel 23:1-39

 Judges 9:1-57  1 Samuel 17:1-58  2 Samuel 24:1-25

 Judges 10:1-18  1 Samuel 18:1-30  1 Kings 1:1-53

 Judges 11:1-40  1 Samuel 19:1-17  1 Kings 2:1-46

 Judges 12:1-15  1 Samuel 19:18 — 20:42  1 Kings 3:1-28

 Judges 13:1-25  1 Samuel 21:1 — 22:19  1 Kings 4:1-34

 Judges 14:1-20  1 Samuel 22:20 — 24:22  1 Kings 5:1 — 6:38

 Judges 15:1-20  1 Samuel 25:1-44  1 Kings 7:1-51

 Judges 16:1-31  1 Samuel 26:1 — 27:12  1 Kings 8:1-66

 Judges 17:1-13  1 Samuel 28:1-25  1 Kings 9:1-28

 Judges 18:1-31  1 Samuel 29:1 — 31:13  1 Kings 10:1-29

 Judges 19:1-30  2 Samuel 1:1-27  1 Kings 11:1-43

 Judges 20:1-48  2 Samuel 2:1-32  1 Kings 12:1-33

 Judges 21:1-25  2 Samuel 3:1 — 4:12  1 Kings 13:1-34

 Ruth 1:1-22  2 Samuel 5:1-25  1 Kings 14:1-31

 Ruth 2:1-23  2 Samuel 6:1-23  1 Kings 15:1-34

 Ruth 3:1-18  2 Samuel 7:1-29  1 Kings 16:1-34

 Ruth 4:1-22  2 Samuel 8:1 — 9:13  1 Kings 17:1-24

 1 Samuel 1:1-28  2 Samuel 10:1-19  1 Kings 18:1-46

 1 Samuel 2:1-36  2 Samuel 11:1-27  1 Kings 19:1-21

 1 Samuel 3:1-21  2 Samuel 12:1-31  1 Kings 20:1-43

 1 Samuel 4:1-22  2 Samuel 13:1-39  1 Kings 21:1-29

 1 Samuel 5:1 — 6:21  2 Samuel 14:1-33  1 Kings 22:1-53

 1 Samuel 7:1-17  2 Samuel 15:1-37

Daybreak is a personal Bible study continuum for the high school and adult levels. Scripture references are taken from the King James Version
of the Bible. A companion series of Sunday school lessons, titled Discovery, is also available. All of the material is available on our website, as
well as in printed form. The print version is designed to be stored in a binder; subsequent modules can then be easily inserted. Daybreak is an
official publication of the Apostolic Faith Church. All rights are reserved.

Apostolic Faith Church • 5414 SE Duke Street • Portland, Oregon 97206-7660, U.S.A. • www.apostolicfaith.org
 DAYBREAK
Section Introduction

Overview for Judges

Purpose: Judges is a historical book. Its purpose is provided the foundation for their repeated experiences
to show how God preserved the nation He founded of defeat. Their failure to drive out the inhabitants of
for the purpose of providing a Redeemer, in spite of the land reveals their belief that they could co-exist
that nation’s idolatry and wickedness. If God had not with the wicked nations that God had commanded
intervened in miraculous ways many times, the nation them to destroy.
would have been exterminated. The Book of Judges covers the approximate era of
Author: Unknown, the Talmud names Samuel as the 300 years between 1400 and 1100 b.c. The events are
author not clustered around a single individual as in the case
of the Book of Joshua and the four books of Moses.
Date Written: Completed about 550 B.C. The book covers the settlement of Canaan as the
Setting: The Book of Judges describes the period of tribes struggled to establish themselves against the
Jewish history between the death of Joshua and the inhabitants of the land. They were fragmented, dis-
birth of Samuel. The office of “judge” was not contin- united, and constantly under attack.
ual because there were intervals when no judge ruled A common refrain running through the book is
the land. In addition, there may have been times when that every man did that which was right in his own
two judges overlapped in different parts of the land. eyes. Israel was repeatedly falling away from God
The term “judge” as used in the Bible is different than into idolatry. When they did this, in addition to war-
it is used today. A judge was deliverer and ruler rather ring amongst themselves, they were oppressed by the
than one who held court. As such, he presided over Canaanites, which caused them to cry out to God.
the affairs of at least part of Israel during his period of God would raise up a deliverer, called a judge, whom
leadership. From Judges 2:18, we see that God raised He would use to miraculously save Israel. As long as
up judges from among the children of Israel at His the judge lived, the people would serve God. How-
discretion. The period of events covered in this book ever, when he died, they again lapsed into idolatry.
has been considered the “dark ages” of the Hebrew Often, a state of anarchy existed.
people, because it shows the repetitive cycle of Israel Barak, Gideon, Jephthah, and Samson are named
turning away from God and then turning back to Him. in Hebrews 11:32 among the heroes of faith. In spite
of any personal shortcomings or failures we observe
Key People: Othniel, Ehud, Deborah, Gideon, in their lives, they had faith in God. The Book of
Abimelech, Jephthah, Samson, and Delilah. Judges shows how God can take the most common
Summary: After Joshua and his generation died, an- among us and out of weakness create giants in the
other generation arose who did not know the Lord and faith.
had not experienced the works which He had done for Even though this period was marked by a con-
Israel (Judges 2:10). stant cycle of disobedience, there were still those who
God had promised that Abraham’s descendants stayed true. The following is evidence of this fact:
would become a great nation in the land of Canaan. • The Tabernacle was still maintained at Shiloh
They were to be a people ruled by God, carrying the (18:31)
promise that a redeemer for all humanity would be • At least one of the annual feasts was observed
provided through them. Regrettably, they fell far short (21:5)
of becoming the great nation that God designed. • The law of circumcision was observed (21:5)
Seven times we read of the children of Israel • Sacrifices were offered (11:31; 13:15-16, 23;
doing evil in the sight of the Lord (Judges 2:11, 3:7, 20:26; 21:4)
3:12 twice, 4:1, 6:1, 10:6). Israel’s poor moral choices • Vows were made to the Lord (11:30; 13:5)
Timeline Many of these dates are approximate, as reference materials differ.

Israelites Samuel
enter is born
Canaan 1105
1406
Othniel Shamgar Gideon Jair Ibzan Abdon Eli
Exodus (40 yrs.) (? yrs.) (40 yrs.) (22 yrs.) (7 yrs.) (8 yrs.) (40 yrs.) David
from Ehud Deborah Tola Jephthah Elon Samson Samuel is made
Egypt (80 yrs.) (40 yrs.) (23 yrs.) (6 yrs.) (10yrs.) (20 yrs.) (? yrs.) king of
1446 B.C. Judah
1010
Judges Saul
begin T h e D a y s o f t h e J u d g e s is made
to rule king
1375 1050

Outline Hannah’s Bible Outlines used by permission per WORDsearch.

A complete amplified outline of this book is available on our website at www.apostolicfaith.org.

I. Conditions before the period of the judges (1:1 — 2:5)

A. Political conditions: incomplete conquest (1:1-36)
B. Religious conditions: broken covenant (2:1-5)
II. Conditions during the period of the judges (2:6 — 16:31)
A. Introduction: the religious character of the period (2:6 — 3:6)
B. The judges of the period (3:7 — 8:32)
C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech (8:33 — 16:31)
III. Appendices (17:1 — 21:25)
A. Gross idolatry during the time of the judges (17:1 — 18:31)
B. Moral decline during the time of the judges (19:1 — 21:24)
C. Conclusion (21:25)
 DAYBREAK
Judges 1:1-36

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS of Judah, under God’s direction, to a series of limited

victories where the Israelites partially possessed the
“Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, land. In some instances, the previous inhabitants fil-
that the children of Israel asked the Lord, saying, tered back in, or remained living among the Israelites.
Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, The children of Israel had been clearly told to drive
to fight against them?” (Judges 1:1) out the inhabitants of the land and to rid themselves of
the idol worshipers (Numbers 33:51-55), but they did
The human family needs leadership. God de- not do so. They then suffered the consequences of this
signed us that way, and a righteous leader is a trea- pollution (Joshua 23:12-13).
sure. I have been blessed in my time in the Gospel to All of the tribal groups that Israel was trying to
have wonderful servants of God as teachers, minis- conquer in the Promised Land were called Canaanites.
ters, and pastors. They have given godly counsel in Their city-states were self-governed and had to be
times of need, and encouragement in periods of trial. independently overcome. For example, Adoni-bezek
Occasionally, because of circumstances such as was the ruler of Bezek and had been a severe tyrant.
military service, job requirements, or illness, we may When he was captured, his thumbs and big toes were
find ourselves without a direct leader, as Israel did at cut off, making him ineffective militarily and humili-
this time. Even in such situations, God will direct us if ating him, just as he had previously done to others.
we determine to obey Him. Israel conquered the city of Jerusalem (verse 8), but
One of our veteran ministers tells of how he heard did not actually occupy it (verse 21) or retain control
about salvation during World War II when he was on of it until David’s time.
the USS Enterprise. There was a Bible class on board Iron-working skills gave some of the Canaanites
that ship. None of the young men in that class had superior weaponry suitable for flat ground. However,
been “trained up” to be leaders in the Gospel, but they the Canaanites’ idolatrous religion was the most effec-
knew they were saved and were telling others about tive method of defeating Israel. Their religion was ex-
it. These men invited this young sailor to one of their ceedingly wicked, yet it attracted the Israelites.
meetings in the ship’s library. Although they had no
special singers or official preacher, God sent convic- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

tion, and that night alone on the flight deck after their I. Conditions before the period of the judges
service, the sailor connected with God. He said those A. Political conditions: incomplete conquest
young men told him, “We know what happened to (1:1-36)
you — you got saved!” God was leading those young 1. Judah’s victories and failure (1:1-20)
men, despite the lack of human leadership, and He 2. Benjamin’s failure (1:21)
will lead us also if we are willing to follow Him. 3. Ephraim’s and Manasseh’s victories
The Children of Israel had been blessed with ex- and failures (1:22-29)
cellent leaders: Moses and Joshua. Joshua had been a. The victories (1:22-26)
the obvious successor to Moses. However, when b. Manasseh’s failure (1:27-28)
Joshua died, he did not appoint a successor. God was c. Ephraim’s failure (1:29)
supposed to be the ruler of the nation. 4. Zebulun’s failure (1:30)
God wants to lead us too. If we are blessed to 5. Asher’s failure (1:31-32)
have godly leaders over us, we can be thankful and 6. Naphtali’s failure (1:33)
quick to heed their instructions and counsel. If our cir- 7. Dan’s retreat (1:34-36)
cumstances cause us to be without direct leadership,
we can trust God to guide us one step at a time. A CLOSER LOOK
1. Who did God say should fight against the Canaan-
BACKGROUND
ites first?
Chapter 1 immediately sets the tone for the Book
of Judges. It starts on the right note, with the Children
of Israel looking to God for direction after the death
of Joshua. However, it declines from there.
The Israelites had been given the land, but had not
yet possessed it all. They proceeded from the victories
2. As we read the opening chapter of the Book of
Judges, in what direction do you think Israel was
headed? What would you expect to follow and why?

CONCLUSION
We must seek God for direction and follow His
instructions. At times our circumstances may seem
daunting, but we must still follow the leadership that
God gives us.
3. Why do you think that God told the Israelites to
completely drive out the inhabitants of the land? What NOTES
happened because of their failure to do so?

4. How do you think the successes and failures in

Judges 1 could be applied to us today in our personal
walk with God?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 2:1-23

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

The setting is Canaan, the Holy Land. The Israel-
ites had won some victories but had failed to destroy
all of the Canaanites, as God had commanded. This
chapter begins with an Angel of the Lord coming up
from Gilgal and reproving Israel for their ingratitude
to God and for failing to drive out the Canaanites.
This chapter goes on to tell of the death of Joshua
and how the generation that followed did evil in God’s
sight and rejected Him in order to serve Baalim,
Ashtaroth, and other false gods. Baalim or Baal and
Ashtaroth or Astarte were worshipped in other coun-
tries under the names of Juno and Venus. These gods
were very immoral and abominable and they defiled
every city where they were worshipped.
The theme of the whole Book of Judges is con-
tained in today’s chapter. God promised to bless
Israel if the people would obey and honor Him, but
He would turn against them and allow them to be
taken over by oppressors if they turned aside from
His way. It tells how the people served God for a time
when they had a faithful leader, and then when that
judge died, Israel fell back into sin until the oppres-
sors would overtake them again. Then, because of the
groanings and cries of the people, God would raise up
another judge to deliver them. It was a cycle that oc-
curred repeatedly.
The lesson we can learn from this text is that God
does not condone sin. He has wonderful promises for
those who obey Him and judgment for those who do
not. At the end of the chapter, we see that God used
the heathen nations that remained in Canaan to prove
Israel, to see if they would be true to Him or if they
would succumb to the evil ways of these nations.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

I. Conditions before the period of the judges

B. Religious conditions: broken covenant
(2:1-5)
II. Conditions during the period of the judges
A. Introduction: the religious character of
the period
1. The character of the era under Joshua
and the elders (2:6-10)
2. The character of the era under
the judges
a. The idolatry (2:11-13)
b. The bondage (2:14-15)
c. The deliverance (2:16-18)
d. The repetition (2:19)
 e. The result
(1) The test (2:20-23)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How could the people of Israel have avoided their
“perpetual backsliding?”

CONCLUSION
Let us remember to keep our vision focused on
God and not let the worldly things around us entice
us. We will then enjoy all the blessings of God’s won-
derful covenant to us!
2. What did God say would happen if Israel were to
form ties with the wicked nations around them? NOTES

3. Why is it important that we are careful when we

form close friendships? What should we consider
when doing so?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 3:1-31

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS people who do not know the Lord. God does not take
us out of the world when He saves us, but He does
“And the children of Israel dwelt among the promise to keep us unspotted from the world.
Canaanites, Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, Not only do we need to remain free from the sins
and Hivites, and Jebusites: And they took their of the world, but also we need to be careful that we do
daughters to be their wives, and gave their daugh- not pick up the world’s views on various matters, such
ters to their sons, and served their gods. And the as a preoccupation with money and possessions, or of
children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, living primarily for pleasure and our own wants. God
and forgat the Lord their God, and served Baalim will help us to remain on an even keel and to be a pos-
and the groves.” (Judges 3:5-7) itive witness for Him, if we pray diligently about this
and remain focused on serving Him with all our heart.
The summer before the start of my third year of
high school, I gave my life to the Lord during a camp
BACKGROUND
meeting. Not having been raised to attend Sunday The Book of Judges contains a series of episodes
school or church, my theology was limited. Yet, I where, in response to the sins of the people, God al-
knew that the Lord had done something wonderful for lowed them to be overrun and oppressed by ungodly
me, and I wanted to guard it. I sensed that there would invaders. Eventually, when the people cried out to
be temptations when I went back to school in a non- God, He raised up a deliverer from within their ranks.
Christian environment. However, I wanted to remain Under the leadership of this one, God would then
faithful, and the Lord kept me throughout high school. overthrow the oppressor and give the people a period
The next big challenge was college. I had heard of of peace. Unfortunately, each new generation had to
young people who had lost their faith when they went learn the same lesson.
to college. Again, I was determined to remain true to Israel had not driven out all the Canaanites, and
the Lord, and again, He kept me throughout this chal- as God had foretold, those people became a snare to
lenge. It was the same thing when, shortly after col- them. However, God used those nations to test Israel,
lege, I went into military service. The Lord can keep giving them an opportunity to choose whether or not
you anywhere that He allows you to be — if you truly to obey.
want to be kept. But you must realize that you are in a Othniel was the first of those raised up to deliver
battle, and you must be careful to sincerely stand true Israel, and he became Israel’s first judge. He was from
to the Lord. a good family, being related to Caleb (who, in his ad-
At the time of our text today, the Children of vanced age, was still strong to fight for the Lord). Not
Israel were living in close proximity to many ungodly only did Othniel fight valiantly to free Israel, but fol-
people who had all sorts of evil practices and reli- lowing this, he judged them faithfully for the Lord for
gions. Instead of remaining true to the Lord, and per- many years. During this time, the land enjoyed peace
haps even leading a few individuals from this group and prosperity. Yet, once Othniel died, Israel fell away
into worship of the true God, the Israelites took the again spiritually.
downward path. They intermingled in marriage with The next deliverer was Ehud, who was the leader
the heathen (an action expressly forbidden by God) of the entourage taking tribute money to the King of
and eventually embraced their false gods. Because the Moab. Ehud undertook the risky business of slay-
Israelites did not realize that they were in a spiritual ing the wicked king with a dagger. Eglon’s summer
battle, they lost their faith in God without even putting parlor (verse 20) was probably a latticed room on the
up a struggle. roof, where he rested on hot days. The servants likely
All of us must make choices. Because I was aware thought their king was napping, therefore they waited
that the temptations could creep up on me, I was care- outside. Meanwhile, Ehud escaped and then rallied
ful not to attend functions where my faith might be the Israelites to rise up and overthrow the invaders,
compromised. By a conscious decision, the people I and peace prevailed for eighty years.
allowed myself to be closest to were those who would The end of this chapter contains a few words
not tear down my beliefs. I did not go some places, about Shamgar, who killed 600 Philistines using an ox
and I did not associate with some people. Regardless goad. An ox goad was a stick eight or ten feet long.
of our age and situation in life (in school, on the job, It had a sharp tip, for prodding the animals, and a flat
in the home, retired), we are likely to be around some piece of metal that was used to clean the plow. It is
unknown whether Shamgar killed all 600 men in the 2. How many years did the Children of Israel serve
same battle, but whatever the case, he demonstrated Eglon, the king of Moab?
true courage and trust in God, who used him to de-
liver Israel.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. Conditions during the period of the judges

A. Introduction: the religious character of
the period 3. Can you think of a case where you did not handle a
2. The character of the era under trial or temptation in the best possible way? What are
the judges some steps you can take the next time a similar situa-
e. The result tion comes up?
(2) The testing nations (3:1-6)
B. The judges of the period
1. Othniel of Judah (3:7-11)
a. Israel’s sin (3:7)
b. Israel’s servitude to
Chushan-rishathaim (3:8)
c. Israel’s deliverance (3:9-10)
d. Israel’s rest (3:11)
2. Ehud of Benjamin (3:12-30)
a. Israel’s sin (3:12)
b. Israel’s servitude to Eglon
(3:13-14)
c. Israel’s deliverance (3:15-29)
(1) The murder of Eglon
(3:15-25)
(2) The demise of Moabite power CONCLUSION
(3:26-29)
d. Israel’s rest (3:30) We can learn a lesson from the Children of
3. Shamgar (3:31) Israel — we will be helped spiritually if we do not as-
sociate too closely with the ungodly. Let us be diligent
A CLOSER LOOK to stand true for the Lord.
1. How close a relationship should a Christian have
with an unbeliever? Why?
NOTES
 DAYBREAK
Judges 4:1-24

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS offices of prophet and judge. She was the one who
spoke for the Lord and conveyed God’s will to the
“And Deborah said unto Barak, Up; for this is the Israelites in matters both civil and religious.
day in which the Lord hath delivered Sisera into Jabin was most likely the generic name for a king
thine hand: is not the Lord gone out before thee? in Hazor, much like the title “Pharaoh” in Egypt. This
So Barak went down from mount Tabor, and ten Jabin may have been a descendant of the Jabin de-
thousand men after him.” (Judges 4:14) feated by Joshua some 100 years earlier. Due to their
carelessness and backsliding, the Israelites passively
During the Second World War in Europe, a father, allowed the city of Hazor to be rebuilt and repopu-
carrying his young son, rushed from a building that lated after its destruction by Joshua and the armies of
had just been bombed. Ahead, in their front yard, was Israel. Now God was using the Canaanites to oppress
a shell hole. Amid the smoke, ash, and flying debris, the Israelites and to cause them to return to Him.
the father set down his son and jumped into the hole, Canaanite chariots were equipped with sharp iron
seeking shelter as quickly as possible. He held up his blades on their axles, which would ordinarily have
arms and shouted, “Jump, son! I’ll catch you.” But been terrifying to foot soldiers such as the Israelites.
the boy, terrified, cried: “Father, I can’t see you!” De- In addition, the horses’ hooves and bridles were also
lay meant certain death, for planes were flying over- covered with sharp spikes. Frequently, two chari-
head. Against the red glow of the sky, the father could ots would draw between them a log set aflame with
see the shadow of his son standing overhead, and he pitch–a fearsome and destructive engine of war.
called again: “Jump, son, for I can see you!” The boy The armies of Sisera were slaughtered after the
jumped and was saved from harm because of his im- Lord sent a sudden storm and confusion upon them
plicit trust in his father. (5:20-21). All the men were slain except Sisera, who
The Christian life is a life of faith. We cannot al- fled away on foot and found what he hoped to be a
ways see where God is or where He wants us to go, safe hiding place in the tent of a sympathetic party.
but we can know the Father so well that no matter The Kenites, a nomadic tribe which dwelt in the
what He asks, we will obey without fear. Impossible southern region of Judah, were relatives of Moses and
circumstances, opposition, and physical limitations friends of the Israelites, but politically neutral. Jael,
may cause us to pause and wonder how God is go- evidently, did not share her husband’s sympathies
ing to work, but if we take God at His word, as Barak with Jabin.
did, we will see the hand of God work and taste the
victory. AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
That Barak “went down from Mount Tabor” is
significant because the Israelites, being infantrymen, II. Conditions during the period of the judges
had a physical advantage in the mountains; on the B. The judges of the period
plains, the chariots had the advantage. Yet, Barak was 4. Deborah and Barak
so confident that God would bring them victory, that a. Israel’s sin (4:1)
he rushed into the plain in the face of the deadly iron b. Israel’s servitude to Jabin (4:2-3)
chariots. c. Israel’s deliverance (4:4-24)
How is your faith in God? Do you embrace His (1) The preparations for battle
promises with such trust that you would, in a sense, (4:4-11)
“leap out where you cannot see,” or “rush into the (2) The defeat of Sisera’s army
face of the enemy?” Faith like that comes from an in- (4:12-16)
timate relationship with the Father who can see what (3) The death of Sisera (4:17-22)
we cannot, and who can overthrow the fiercest of op- (4) The demise of Jabin (4:23-24)
ponents. God honors faith like that.
A CLOSER LOOK
BACKGROUND 1. When Deborah told Barak that God had promised
Following the death of Ehud, Deborah was select- to give him victory in battle, how did he respond?
ed by God to save the nation of Israel after they had
once again turned away from the Lord. Deborah
was a faithful woman chosen by God to serve in the
2. Why do you think Barak was unwilling to go with-
out Deborah by his side?

CONCLUSION
God honors faith where we would, in a sense,
“leap out where we cannot see,” or “rush into the face
of the enemy.” Faith like that comes from having an
3. Deborah prophesied that Jabin would be deliv- intimate relationship with the Father who can see
ered into Barak’s hand and that the Lord would give what we cannot, and who can overthrow the fiercest
Sisera into the hand of a woman. How were those two of opponents. How is your faith in God?
prophecies fulfilled? NOTES

4. In your own life, think of a time when you acted on

your faith in God. How were you rewarded for your
faith?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 5:1-31

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“My heart is toward the governors of Israel, that In the previous chapter, the Children of Israel had
offered themselves willingly among the people. experienced another miraculous deliverance from an
overwhelmingly superior foe. For twenty years they
Bless ye the Lord.” (Judges 5:9)
had been “mightily” oppressed by Jabin, king of
Challenge yourself! How many people can you Canaan.
think of who have “offered themselves willingly” in Many commentaries entitle this fifth chapter of
the Lord’s service? Having been blessed with a rich the Book of Judges, “Deborah and Barak’s Song of
heritage in the Gospel, many examples come to my Thanksgiving,” and rightly so. The title is appropriate
mind. because they did give thanks — they had the right for-
There was a man whose responsibilities regularly mula for continued success when following God. Put-
caused him to be one of the last people to leave the ting the story of this victory into song helped preserve
church after the services. As his wife sat patiently, she it for future generations. Written in poetic form, the
often said, “I used to wait for him while he was at the excitement of the triumph can be felt.
tavern. I’d much rather wait for him at the church!” This song they sang contains other items in ad-
Both of them were giving of themselves. dition to praise to God. Verse 6 indicates that the
A man did without what many of us would con- highways were not safe. Verse 8 shows that Israel had
sider necessities because he wanted to give as much almost no weaponry. There was a call to a continued
as he could to help build churches in other countries. leadership and the accepting of responsibility (verses
Only the Lord knows how many others like him have 12-13). Also, there was commendation for those who
offered themselves in the same way. answered the call written of in the previous chapter,
A missionary and his wife left their grandchil- and condemnation and even a curse to those who, for
dren so they could spread the Gospel in another whatever reasons, failed to answer the call to battle.
land. Before the time of digital cameras and email, The worst rebuke was for the inhabitants of Meroz,
they missed many of their grandchildren’s “big which were part of Barak’s own tribe.
events” — first words, first steps, school awards, and Verse 21 sheds more light on how the victory was
Sunday school specials. However, they were connect- accomplished. The Israelites fought the Canaanites
ed to God in prayer, naming each child and grandchild near Megiddo. Although it was the dry season, God
daily in His presence. What a willing offering! sent rain that made the Kishon River a torrent. There
Look around you and you will see many who was so much water that the Canaanites had to leave
give of themselves willingly. The church janitor who their chariots.
checks the building after every function and service, The song clearly indicates that Jael made Sisera
gives of himself. The man who comes after work to think he was safe when he was not, and Jael is praised
vacuum the sanctuary carpet, the women who make as a heroine. The phrase “smote off his head” means
food for grieving families, the Sunday school teachers that Jael crushed his head. At the end of the song, the
who encourage their students by visiting their homes, authors surmised how Sisera’s mother mourned. The
the mother who drives miles out of her way to pick up Canaanites had expected the Israelite women to be the
a family for Sunday school, and the list goes on. ones who mourned, but God had turned the situation
It is much easier to focus on what we can get than around.
on what we can give. Today’s chapter contains con-
demnation for those who were lax, lazy, or just con- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

sumed with self-interest. Some have caught a vision II. Conditions during the period of the judges
of the rewards found in making a willing offering of B. The judges of the period
themselves to God. We can learn a lesson from them. 4. Deborah and Barak
We may not feel qualified or that we have something d. Israel’s victory song by Deborah
“big” to give. However, God can use even small ef- (5:1-31)
forts and acts of kindness if we offer them to Him. (1) The praise for Jehovah’s
Deborah gave leadership and encouragement, Barak deliverance (5:1-5)
gave by following directions, and Jael gave by being (2) The condition of the people in
brave and resourceful. We can give too. Will we? bondage (5:6-11)
 (3) The deliverance of the people
(5:12-31)
(a) Israel’s approaching army
(5:12-19)
(b) The battle against Sisera
(5:20-23)
(c) The death of Sisera
(5:24-27)
(d) The final victory and
Israel’s rest (5:28-31)
CONCLUSION
A CLOSER LOOK
The call to duty for the Lord should be first and
1. What tribes were especially honored for their ef-
foremost in our lives at all times. If we make a willing
forts in the battle? offering to do what He wants us to do, God will give
us victory no matter what our situation is.
NOTES

2. Why were the Children of Israel victorious in the

battle?

3. How will we benefit if we give praise to God when

He provides a victory for us?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 6:1-40

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS are perfect and that following Him will bring true joy
and abundant blessing.
“And he said unto him, Oh my Lord, wherewith
BACKGROUND
shall I save Israel? behold, my family is poor
in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father’s Because of their disobedience, God caused Israel
house.” (Judges 6:15) to fall into the hand of the Midianites. The Midianites
were descendants of Abraham and his second wife,
Gideon felt very insignificant. The least from a Keturah. They were often in conflict with Israel. In
poor family, Gideon saw himself as a frightened man our text today, every time the Children of Israel were
hiding from the enemy. However, God looked on his ready to harvest their crops, the Midianites, Amale-
heart and saw a “mighty man of valor,” one He could kites, and other desert tribes would come and destroy
use to deliver His people from their enemies. their food. This had been going on for seven years,
In circumstances not unlike those of Gideon, there and the Israelites were desperate. God heard their
was a boy growing up in a poor family on a farm in cries, and He sent an angel to Gideon while he was se-
Tennessee. His life was simple — hard work was the cretly threshing wheat to hide it from the Midianites.
main activity, and he labored in the fields from sunrise God told Gideon He had chosen him to deliver
to sundown. He joined the Civilian Conservation Israel, even though Gideon felt he was totally in-
Corps in the 1930s, and found himself living in a adequate for the job. Gideon had heard about the
camp in Merrill, Oregon. A group of people from the miracles that God had performed for the Children of
Apostolic Faith Church in Klamath Falls went to the Israel, but he had not personally witnessed any during
CCC camp and held church services in the main hall. his lifetime. God was willing to work with Gideon to
In July of 1938, they invited some of the young men build his faith and confidence so that he could move
to go with them to a camp meeting-convention in forward and accomplish the task God had chosen for
Portland, Oregon. This young man accepted their of- him. Gideon needed a sign for reassurance, so the an-
fer to go, but he was only able to be there one day. At gel patiently waited while Gideon prepared a sacrifice
the conclusion of both the morning and afternoon ser- of unleavened cakes and meat. After the angel con-
vices, he prayed earnestly for an experience of salva- sumed the sacrifice with fire, Gideon was reassured
tion, but it seemed to be of no avail. With the evening that God would be with him.
service being his final meeting, he felt it was his last Because Baal was considered the god of fruit-
chance to find forgiveness from the Lord. In despera- fulness who controlled the harvest and food was so
tion, he finally grasped the needed faith. God accepted scarce, Gideon had to face the wrath of his own peo-
his prayer of repentance, and God’s Spirit witnessed to ple when God told him to tear down the altar of Baal.
his spirit that he was truly born again. Any attack on a Canaanite god was considered an at-
This young man, Loyce Carver, thought that he tack on the community itself; it would bring serious
would never be in Portland again, and certainly no one consequences. Gideon destroyed the altar and grove
there that night ever imagined what the future held for at night because he feared retribution from the people.
him. But God took the young man from Tennessee and Yet, God showed Gideon how He would take care of
molded him into a leader. Several years later, although him by causing his father, Joash, to stand up for him,
he had no confidence in his own ability, and the very and to convince the people to let Baal defend himself.
thought of such an appointment made him physically According to verse 33, the armies of Midian and
ill, by God’s grace he accepted the position of General Amalek gathered together in the valley of Jezreel. Be-
Overseer of the Apostolic Faith Church. He served cause of the valley’s immense resources, many trade
God faithfully in that role for many years, and he was routes passed through that area. It was a common site
a stalwart veteran in the Gospel until the Lord took for many battles during that time. Gideon sent mes-
him to his heavenly reward. sengers throughout Israel to gather his army together
God has a wonderful plan for the life of each of to face the enemy.
His children. Although we may feel weak and insignif- We often hear the phrase, “to put out a fleece,”
icant, He can give us the power and strength to fulfill as a method of determining God’s will. However, the
His will. When we yield ourselves completely to God, fleece that Gideon put out was not to determine the
we do not know just where He will lead us or how He will of God, but rather to reaffirm what God had al-
will use us. However, we can be sure that His plans ready asked him to do.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch 3. If you are asked by God to do a seemingly impossi-
ble task, what can you learn from Gideon’s example?
II. Conditions during the period of the judges
B. The judges of the period
5. Gideon
a. Israel’s sin (6:1)
b. Israel’s servitude (6:2-6)
c. Israel’s deliverance
(1) The promise of deliverance
(6:7-10)
(2) The summons of the deliverer
(6:11-32)
(a) The angelic visit
(6:11-18)
(b) The worship by Gideon
CONCLUSION
(6:19-24)
(c) The destruction of the Like Gideon, we may face a time when God asks
pagan altars (6:25-32) us to do something that we feel we are totally inade-
(3) The conflict for deliverance quate to accomplish. Just as the Lord gave Gideon the
(a) The army gathered reassurance and help he needed to defeat the enemy,
(6:33-35) God will also give us whatever we need to accomplish
(b) The assurance of victory His will in our lives.
(6:36-40)
NOTES
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why were the Children of Israel so desperate for
deliverance?

2. Why do you think Gideon needed so much reassur-

ance from the Lord before he went to battle?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 7:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS being led to victory by a leader raised up by the Lord.

At the low point of one cycle, God called Gideon.
“And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of In today’s text, Gideon had an army of 32,000
the dream, and the interpretation thereof, that he men, and they were camped by “the well of Harod,”
worshipped, and returned into the host of Israel, which means “trembling.” Then God began the re-
and said, Arise; for the Lord hath delivered into ducing process. The 22,000 men who were afraid,
your hand the host of Midian.” (Judges 7:15) were told to leave. Fear is contagious, and Moses
had instructed years before that the fearful should go
The paint was cracked and peeling, falling off home (Deuteronomy 20:8). God instituted a test for
with just a touch of my fingers; it was clear that I the remaining men. The men themselves probably
would have to paint the house this year. I asked my did not know they were being tested. No doubt, they
wife to select the colors, and I bought the paint, went by groups to drink, and Gideon was able to ac-
brushes, and all the necessary tools to prepare the complish the sorting one group at a time. The final
surfaces. Then I took a week of vacation from my count of Gideon’s army was three hundred men.
job, and started patching, nailing, scraping, and The Israelites were camped about four miles from
sanding. the Midianites, and God sent Gideon another encour-
By the middle of the second day, I was having agement. Barley was considered inferior, because it
trouble doing any work if my arms had to be higher was about half the cost of wheat. Israel’s small band
than my shoulders. Though I felt that I did not have of men was much less than the Midian army, so the
the physical strength to do the job, somehow I was enemy’s dream seemed to infer that Gideon’s army
able to finish by the end of the week. However, the was inferior. Yet, it also told who would win the vic-
experience made me realize that I was weak and tory! Notice that when he heard this, Gideon took
needed to try to strengthen myself. time to worship (verse 15).
Soon a fitness center opened in a building next to In these lands in ancient times, battles were most
the one I worked in, and I was able to join without a often fought during the day rather than at night. If
fee. Once I was exercising two or three times a week armies did fight at night, just a few men had torches
on my lunch hour, I began to feel better and had the to give light, and only some of them carried trumpets.
strength to do both my job and the work around the Gideon gave each of the three hundred men a rams’
house more effectively. The exercise was having its horn, a torch, and an open-topped pitcher to conceal
desired results. the torch. He divided his men in thirds and surround-
Faith is also strengthened by exercise. Gideon is ed the enemy camp.
a name that invokes a vision of great faith and cour- The “beginning of the middle watch” was likely
age against overwhelming odds, but he did not start around midnight (see “Watches of the Night” on the
out that way. When God first called him, he ques- next page). When Israel’s three hundred men blew
tioned God’s power and provision for Israel. How- their trumpets and broke their pitchers, to the just-
ever, God kept working with Gideon until he was not awakened enemy it looked and sounded as if a great
afraid to attack an army of 135,000 with only three army was upon them. They began to kill one another,
hundred men. Gideon’s faith was greatly strength- and then the remaining men began to flee. Gideon
ened when he heard the enemy soldier’s dream. As rallied more troops to pursue. God gave Israel a great
noted in the focus verse, he was ready then to tell his victory, and they knew all the credit belonged to Him.
troops that God had given them the victory.
When we obey God in the small things, He will AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

increase our spiritual strength for the days ahead, and II. Conditions during the period of the judges
like Gideon’s, our faith will increase and God will B. The judges of the period
help us live victoriously for Him. 5. Gideon
c. Israel’s deliverance
BACKGROUND (3) The conflict for deliverance
Since the death of the elders who had known (c) The army reduced
Joshua, the Children of Israel had gone through (7:1-8)
several cycles of backsliding, defeat, oppression by (d) The dream of the
their enemies, crying to the Lord for deliverance, and Midianite (7:9-14)
 (e) The defeat of the 3. What should our attitudes be when God gives so-
Midianites lutions to situations that seem impossible?
[1] The strategy
(7:15-18)
[2] The confusion
(7:19-23)
[3] The scattering
(7:24-25)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. God reduced Gideon’s army first by sixty-nine
percent, then the remaining by ninety-seven percent.
What reason did God give for reducing Israel’s forces
so drastically?

CONCLUSION
God desires to work with us and increase our
trust in Him. As He did for Gideon, God gives us
wonderful victories as we obey Him!

NOTES
2. After Gideon had put out a fleece and had been
answered, God arranged a special encouragement for
him before he was to attack. Why do you think God
did this?

WATCHES OF THE NIGHT

A “watch” was a division of the night in system: the first, middle, and morning
which soldiers (“watchmen”) kept ch T h ir watches. They may have also cov-
guard and warned their sleeping at d ered the twelve-hour night, but
W M id
fellow soldiers of an approach- c h d l with three four-hour shifts.
a t d d l e Wa t c h e
W
d
on

at

ing enemy. The Romans (i.e. i Many scholars, however, be-

W

M
W

ch
Sec

at
st

the New Testament) used 12  1  lieve the Hebrew watchmen

11
ch
F ir

four three-hour shifts (first began the night watch at

 9   10

 2  

M o r ni n g n g

through fourth watches), 9:00 p.m. and covered the

 3    4

beginning at 6:00 p.m. and Roman equivalent of the

tch

 8  

ending at 6:00 a.m. (For ex- second, third, and fourth

M or
Wa

 5    
ample see Matthew 14:25.)  6    7 watches, leaving out the
ni
W

Fo

at
The Hebrews (i.e. the Old first as most of the soldiers
t

s
Fir ch
ch

ur

W
Testament) used a three-shift atc would still be awake.
at

th

•  • 
W h W
t s at
Romans /  Hebrews / 
Fir ch
New Testament Old Testament
 DAYBREAK
Judges 8:1-35

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Ephraim was a large tribe and therefore important.

They were offended and perhaps jealous of the victory
“And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast that had been won. Maybe they were upset that they
thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when did not receive part of the spoils because they had not
thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they participated in the actual battle.
did chide with him sharply.” (Judges 8:1) When Gideon and his men were tired and hun-
gry, they asked bread of the men of Succoth and also
When our daughter was quite young, she was ex- of Penuel, but were refused. Both of these groups of
tremely sensitive to raised voices. If we instructed her people were Israelites from the tribe of Gad. They re-
verbally with any increase in volume beyond a normal fused, perhaps out of fear that Gideon would not win
conversational tone, she would say quietly, “Please the battle. Their attitude was an illustration of the lack
don’t yell at me!” While it would have been a stretch of unity that prevailed among the Israelites. Without
to call our tones yelling, her reaction was a reminder central leadership, various groups ruled themselves.
to be careful about speaking “sharply.” Not only did they refuse to help, but they refused
How easy it is to inadvertently speak angry, hurt- rudely.
ful, or negative words! Yet, once spoken, those words Gideon warned those selfish people that they
are like feathers in the wind. Most of us have heard would be punished for their response. He severely
the old adage from when feather pillows were com- disciplined the seventy-seven leaders of Succoth with
mon: slit a feather pillow outside, shake it in the wind, thorny branches, and slew some of the men of Penuel.
and then try to pick up all the feathers. It is impossi- The two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna,
ble! It is just as impossible to take back our words. had killed Gideon’s brothers. According to the law, it
The tribe of Ephraim scolded Gideon for not call- was the responsibility of family members to avenge
ing them to go and fight the Midianites. Rather than the murder of their relatives (Numbers 35). These
responding harshly, Gideon soothed them by point- kings hoped that flattering Gideon would help their
ing to the portion of the victory that God had given to situation, but it did not. Gideon instructed his son to
them. Gideon’s words were much more uplifting than accomplish the execution, since being killed by a boy
those of the men of Ephraim. would have been extremely humiliating for Zebah and
What kind of words do we speak? Are they en- Zalmunna. The boy was not mature enough, and the
couraging and edifying? It could be quite a valuable kings challenged Gideon (perhaps somewhat sarcasti-
exercise to review our conversations and comments cally) to perform the deed himself.
during the last week. Maybe we can look back and When Gideon and his men returned to Canaan,
remember how someone said something to us that re- the Children of Israel wanted to make him their king.
newed our strength and courage. Have we extended This was Israel’s first request for a king. Gideon re-
the same courtesy to someone else? Perhaps a per- fused, and told Israel, “The Lord shall rule over you.”
son spoke sharply to us, and our spirits were grieved. However, Gideon did request a gift, and he re-
Have we used this as an excuse to talk carelessly and ceived between forty and seventy pounds of gold. An
hurt another person? ephod was either a part of the priest’s apparel (Exodus
Each one of us needs God’s strength and grace in 28:6) or an image, so it is impossible to know exactly
order to talk as we should. Each day we want to ask what is meant by the use of the word in this text. Al-
His help with our words so that what we say is benefi- though Gideon’s intentions are unclear, the ephod
cial to others and brings glory to Him. The Bible indi- became an object of idolatrous worship and a snare to
cates that a person who controls his words can control Gideon and Israel.
his whole body. Most of us know by experience that
this can be a big challenge, but God is more than able
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

to help us if we let Him! II. Conditions during the period of the judges
B. The judges of the period
BACKGROUND 5. Gideon
The people of the tribe of Ephraim were desirous c. Israel’s deliverance
of sharing in a victory they had done very little to ac- (3) The conflict for deliverance
complish. They reproved Gideon, asking why he had (e) The defeat of the
not called them sooner into battle with the Midianites. Midianites
 [4] The jealousy of 3. How can you encourage someone verbally? Think
Ephraim (8:1-3) of someone you could encourage today with kind
[5] The search for the words. Then challenge yourself to follow through and
Midian kings say them.
(8:4-21)
[a] The refusal of
Succoth and
Penuel (8:4-9)
[b] The capture of
the kings
(8:10-12)
[c] The punishment
of Succoth
and Penuel
(8:13-18)
[d] The death of the
Midian kings CONCLUSION
(8:19-21)
(f) Gideon’s failure What type of words will we speak today? May
(8:22-27) God help us to say words that will encourage others
d. Israel’s rest (8:28) and glorify Him!
e. Gideon’s death (8:29-32) NOTES
C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
1. Israel’s idolatry (8:33-35)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What was the sin of the men of Succoth and Penuel?

2. Where did Gideon go wrong in making the ephod?

 DAYBREAK
Judges 9:1-57

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS had seventy half brothers, and he killed them all ex-
cept one — Jotham. It was customary in the ancient
“Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come East for concubines to live with their own families
thou, and reign over us. And the bramble said unto where they were visited by their husbands occasion-
the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, ally. Therefore, Abimelech may have been closer to
then come and put your trust in my shadow: and the people of Shechem than to his half brothers.
if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour Shechem was a significant place in the history of
the cedars of Lebanon.” (Judges 9:14-15) the Children of Israel for several reasons:
• It had been one of Abraham’s first stops when
Recently we needed some screening between he entered Canaan.
our property and the neighbors, so we installed sev- • Two of Jacob’s sons murdered all the men of
eral trellises and planted some vines. We hoped those Shechem after their prince raped Jacob’s only
vines would grow up quickly. After we had them daughter.
planted, someone told us, “We have some vines in our • The bones of Joseph were brought from Egypt
yard that grow almost overnight!” The “vine” they re- and buried in Shechem.
ferred to is called “morning glory.” It will grow wildly • There, not long before Joshua’s death, Israel re-
almost anywhere, covering anything in its path, and it stated their purpose to follow God.
is a big challenge to get rid of it once it has started. It The area of Shechem contained the trees and veg-
reminds me of the brambles in today’s text. etation that Jotham referenced in his parable, which
In this chapter, Jotham, Abimelech’s half brother, some Bible commentators call “The Parable of the
was telling the people of Shechem a parable. He said Trees.” There were many olive trees, which produced
that while all the good and valuable trees refused valuable oil. Fig trees and vineyards also bore fruit
to reign over the other trees, the bramble was more plentifully there. Brambles were thorn bushes that
than willing. Yet, it offered a false security. In fact, it were worthless and a hazard because fires started in
would quickly take over, and would eventually kill them when they became dry in the summer. Jotham’s
the other trees. Jotham used this analogy to show the point was that Abimelech offered no security and ac-
people that they would be foolish to trust Abimelech; tually was a threat to the well-being of the people of
he would take over quickly, but hurt them in the end. Shechem. Abimelech and those who followed him
Sometimes it may seem to us that the evil in the eventually destroyed each other.
world today is like the morning glory or the bram- Verse 22 notes, “Abimelech had reigned three
ble — it grows overnight and covers and kills anything years over Israel.” He did not reign over the whole
in its path. Oh, that good and righteousness would country, but only over a small area.
spread just as quickly! At times, while defending a city, the women were
However, the truths of the Gospel and the godly asked to come to the wall and drop heavy objects over
attributes that we desire in our hearts may be more it onto the invading soldiers at the base of the wall.
like the slower-growing trees and vines. They become Abimelech was hit with a piece of a millstone in just
rooted in our souls as we weather the storms of life such a case. Grain was ground between two mill-
and apply God’s Word to life’s challenges. Often, God stones. Lower millstones weighed up to several hun-
shows us an area where we can improve or learn a dred pounds and measured about two feet in diameter.
little lesson. Then He gives us opportunity to practice Women could handle upper millstones, which were
that lesson and really have it rooted in our lives. smaller and thus more movable.
Most of us do not want morning glory or bram-
bles in our yards. In the same way, we do not want
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

the fast-growing evils of the world in our hearts. They II. Conditions during the period of the judges
will offer no protection in eternity. God’s truths, on C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
the other hand, offer the best protection and will take 2. Shechem’s submission to Abimelech
us to Heaven some day. (9:1-57)
a. Abimelech’s treachery to become
BACKGROUND king (9:1-6)
Abimelech was the son of Gideon (also known as b. Jothan’s speech (9:7-21)
Jerubbaal) and a concubine (Judges 6:32). Abimelech (1) The parable (9:7-15)
 (2) The application (9:16-21)
c. Shechem’s treachery toward
Abimelech (9:22-25)
d. Gaal’s aborted rebellion (9:26-41)
e. Abimelech’s capture of Shechem
(9:42-49)
f. Abimelech’s death at Thebez
(9:50-57)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why was slaying his half brothers one of the first CONCLUSION
actions of Abimelech? What is growing in your heart today? Challenge
yourself to be certain that you nurture the truths God
has given you so that they will thrive and grow.
NOTES

2. Where was Jotham standing when he delivered the

parable of the trees?

3. Have there been times in your life when you were

confused as to why God allowed certain things to
continue instead of sending judgment? How does His
mercy in those times apply to you in other situations?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 10:1-18

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS brings pain and suffering. We may get away with sin
for a time, but it will catch up with us! Secondly, if we
“And the children of Israel cried unto the Lord, cry out to God in repentance, He will forgive us. Even
saying, We have sinned against thee, both because though the Children of Israel greatly grieved the Lord
we have forsaken our God, and also served Baa- by what they had done, when they were truly repen-
lim.” (Judges 10:10) tant, He delivered them from their oppressors.
Let us determine to live in obedience to God,
As a child, I loved to go to our boysenberry patch rather than going our own way and inevitably suffer-
and feast on the berries. My mom had said I could ing the consequences of disobedience!
only go there when she went with me. I also had to
wear shoes, which was very hard for me to do in the BACKGROUND
summer. In spite of her instructions, I would often The Israelite trend at this time was the total aban-
sneak out shoeless and reach over from the grass be- donment of the worship of Jehovah in favor of the
side the patch to pick the berries, figuring that if I gods of other nations. Baal gods were an extensive
were careful, I would not get caught. Though at first family of Canaanite gods. They were gods of nature,
my conscience bothered me, after I had done it for a who supposedly brought rain, and fertility for crops,
while, I did not feel guilty anymore about disobeying. cattle, and people. The main figure of this religion
One day my misdeeds caught up with me. I was Baal, the son of El, the god of storm and rain.
slipped out, again barefooted, and decided to venture The name Baal can also mean “husband” or “Lord,”
into the middle of the patch where the berries were which made him sound somewhat similar to Israel’s
the biggest. As I started down the overgrown rows, God. Perhaps that contributed to Israel’s temptation
I spotted a large clump of fruit on the bottom of a to experiment with paganism. The attempts of Baal’s
bush. I bent over to grab the berries, and as I came worshippers to please him ranged from gross moral
up, my long hair caught in the briers, and I couldn’t indecency to child sacrifice. The degradation and cru-
get loose. As I moved my foot forward trying to get elty of this religion was a major reason for the judg-
untangled, I stepped on a bee, which promptly stung ments of God toward Israel as seen in Judges 10:7-9.
me! Effectively trapped in the briers, I started to yell The power of the Ammonite nation was at its peak
for help, but no one came. I kept screaming, but still during the time of the judges’ leadership of Israel.
no help appeared. Within moments, I was desperate. The land lay just east of the Jordan River across from
I didn’t care if I got punished, I wanted out of there! I Jerusalem. The land of Moab lay south of Ammon,
was definitely sorry for disobeying. Finally, my mom and these two countries were usually allies. Together,
heard me and came to my rescue. they were a formidable foe that would be difficult to
The Children of Israel also had a problem with defeat.
obedience. They had disregarded the commandment God’s response to Israel’s initial plea for help in-
of the Lord and had begun to worship Baalim and dicates the seriousness of their idolatry and apostasy.
other gods of the nations round about them. God was He did not want His children to become permanent
angry at the way the Israelites were living. He had pagans; the implication of His statement in verse 14
delivered them from bondage in Egypt and had done was to point out that a god who cannot deliver is not
many wonderful miracles for them, yet they had still worthy of worship. The response of the Israelites
chosen to worship false gods instead of Him. Because shows genuine repentance on their part. They ac-
of this, God punished them through crushing defeats knowledged that they had sinned; furthermore, they
by the Philistines and Ammonites. The Israelites had “put away the strange gods . . . and served the Lord.”
been “stung” by the results of their sin and disobedi- True repentance is more than just words; it will result
ence. After much oppression and strife, the Children in a definite change of action.
of Israel finally cried out to God. At first, He told
them to go and cry for deliverance to the gods that AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

they had chosen instead of Him. In distress, they cried II. Conditions during the period of the judges
out to God in total repentance and put away the gods C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
of Baalim. God delivered them. 3. Tola (10:1-2)
This chapter teaches two important lessons. First, 4. Jair (10:3-5)
because God is just and will punish sin, disobedience 5. Jephthah
 a. Israel’s sin (10:6)
b. Israel’s servitude (10:7-9)
c. Israel’s supplication (10:10-16)
d. Israel’s deliverance
(1) The preparations for battle
(a) The armies gathered
(10:17-18)
A CLOSER LOOK CONCLUSION
1. What did God do to the Children of Israel when
When the Children of Israel were at the end of
they forsook Him and worshiped Baal?
their rope, they did not look to their heathen gods for
help, but to the only One who was really able to come
to their aid. Let us purpose to stay true to God, so that
we will never have to suffer the consequences of dis-
obedience as the Israelites did!
NOTES

2. What does God’s response to the Israelites turning

from their sin tell us about His nature?

3. Think of a time when you cried out to God for help.

How did you respond when God answered?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 11:1-40

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS our vows to God, so we need to consider carefully

before we “open our mouths” to Him.
“And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the Lord, and
said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children BACKGROUND
of Ammon into mine hands, then it shall be, that Israel had again turned from God and fallen under
whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house the rule of foreign invaders. They called out to God,
to meet me, when I return in peace from the but found their pleas unheeded. God began to act only
children of Ammon, shall surely be the Lord’s, after Israel showed true repentance.
and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.” Jephthah, the Gileadite, was a mighty man of
(Judges 11:30-31) valour, but he was the son of a harlot. Insisting upon
the rigour of the law, his father’s legitimate children
It is always touching when a brother in our con- had thrust him out from having any inheritance with
gregation tells of the time when he made a promise them. He had been driven from Gilead, east of the
to God. He had been raised in a Christian home and Jordan River, and dwelt in the land of Tob, which was
went to church every Sunday, but when he became a located northeast of the Yarmuk River. In his exile,
man, he got away from this Christian environment. he headed a group of “vain men” Here vain means
One cold winter’s day he was driving a pickup truck “restless” or “empty,” so perhaps these men were
over the ice on Ten Mile Pond. Suddenly, his truck without employment.
broke through the ice and slowly began sinking. He With the Ammonites encamped in Gilead, Israel
was alone and trapped inside. As the chilly waters needed a leader, and the elders of Gilead went out and
slowly raised, his body began submerging and the fetched Jephthah. He was invited to be their captain,
perspiration ran down his face, he cried out to God to which he accepted on one condition. If the Lord de-
send someone to rescue him. He promised that if God livered them from the oppression of the Ammonites,
would spare his life, he would go back to church and they must give him the position of head or judge over
give his heart and life to Him. God heard that prayer them. They immediately agreed to this.
and sent men to rescue him. The brother kept his The King of Ammon charged the Israelites with
word. Close to fifty years have gone by since his res- taking their land when they came out of Egypt, and
cue, but he is still serving the Lord and excited about Jephthah endeavoured to negotiate. He referenced
God’s mercy and his privilege to be in church every historical facts: that God had given them the land, and
Sunday. that they had been there for three hundred years. The
Sometimes extreme circumstances cause people Ammonites would not heed, and war was imminent.
to make promises or vows to God. We need to be Jephthah had reason to be confident of success, for he
careful, even in stressful situations, that we do not knew the Spirit of the Lord had come upon him. Yet,
make rash or foolish vows. Jephthah is an example still, he vowed rashly.
of this. Chosen by the Israelites to lead them against Bible commentators are divided on the exact
the Ammonites, he knew that victory would require meaning of Jephthah’s vow and how he fulfilled it.
a power greater than his own. When he saw that war Some claim that he literally sacrificed his daugh-
was inevitable, he made a vow unto the Lord. He had ter. Others maintain that the original language could
been called to a place of responsibility and wanted to mean he vowed to offer whatever (indicating an ani-
see success at any cost. mal) or to dedicate whoever (indicating a person) to
God accepted Jephthah’s vow and gave him the God, and that Jephthah’s daughter was dedicated for
victory, and then the real test came. That is often the service at the tabernacle and therefore never married.
case with us: the consecration and sometimes vows They note that her virginity was bewailed, not her
are made, the victory is won, and then God lays His death, and that the Bible never says directly that she
finger upon our lives. He says, “You promised this. was killed.
Did you mean it?” Whatever its meaning and its fulfilment, the Bi-
Jephthah said, “I have opened my mouth unto the ble is clear that Jephthah paid his vow, and the con-
Lord, and I cannot go back.” It is not just upon the sequences were serious and caused him grief. This
field of battle that men display their valour. Some- daughter was his only child, so there was no one to
times the true test comes during prosperity and hon- perpetuate Jephthah’s inheritance in Israel. He could
our. Whatever our situation, we are required to pay have been overcome with remorse from the rash vow
made to God, but he did not renege, and his daughter
supported him in going through with it.
Jephthah is numbered among the worthies of
the Old Testament, who by faith did great exploits
(Hebrews 11:32). The events of his life are an object 3. Have you ever made a vow to God? If so, how did
lesson showing that God expects people to pay their God honor you for paying the vow?
vows to Him, and the importance of guarding against
rash or foolish statements to God.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. Conditions during the period of the judges

C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
5. Jephthah
d. Israel’s deliverance
(1) The preparations for battle
(b) The leader secured
(11:1-11)
[1] His background
(11:1-3)
[2] His covenant
(11:4-11)
(c) The messages to Ammon CONCLUSION
(11:12-28) Today’s lesson: be cautious! What we have sol-
(2) The vow and victory in battle emnly vowed to God, we must conscientiously go
(11:29-40) through with, even though it may be ever so difficult
(a) The vow made and grievous to us.
(11:29-31)
(b) The victory secured NOTES
(11:32-33)
(c) The vow observed
(11:34-40)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What prompted Jephthah to make a vow?

2. What does his daughter’s response say about her?

 DAYBREAK
Judges 12:1-15

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“And the men of Ephraim gathered themselves This was the second time the Ephraimites had
together, and went northward, and said unto quarreled with their leader (see Judges 8:1). Although
the nation of Israel had been victorious over the Am-
Jephthah, Wherefore passedst thou over to fight
monites, who had oppressed them for eighteen years,
against the children of Ammon, and didst not call
the tribe of Ephraim was not satisfied. It seems that
us to go with thee? We will burn thine house upon
they were more interested in celebrating the victory
thee with fire.” (Judges 12:1) than in going to battle when they were not sure who
During the summer of 1986, two ships collided would win. Yet, in their self-centeredness and jeal-
in the Black Sea, off the coast of Russia. Hundreds of ousy, they berated Jephthah for not inviting them to
innocent passengers were drowned in the icy waters the battle.
as the two vessels sank. Families mourned the loss Jephthah tried to deal with the Ephraimites logi-
of their fathers, children were instantaneously made cally when he reminded them that he had risked his
orphans, and many young people died without their life in the battle, and that he had called them to help
hopes and dreams ever being realized. (verse 2), but they had refused to come. The Ephraim-
What a tragedy! And yet, when maritime au- ites taunted Jephthah and the Gileadites, calling them
thorities investigated the incident, it was discovered “fugitives” (verse 4), implying the probable general
that the collision had been entirely preventable. The attitude of much of Israel toward the tribes on the east
problem was not a faulty compass or malfunction- side of Jordan.
ing equipment. The fault did not lie with idle sailors Civil war ensued, and the Gileadites captured the
shirking their duty. Not even the dense fog that day control of the Jordan River fords. Anyone who tried
was to blame. Rather, the cause of the collision was to cross had to say the word “Shibboleth.” Those from
found to be personal attitude problems. Ephraim could not pronounce it correctly, saying an s
The investigation revealed that each captain knew sound rather than a sh sound, and thereby were identi-
about the other and was fully aware of the other ship’s fied. A total of 42,000 men of Ephraim were killed. (A
presence and proximity. It was due to their personal similar test was used in the American civil war.)
animosity and pride that neither captain would give Little is known about the three minor judges listed
way to the other. Pride, jealousy, stubbornness, and at the end of the chapter — Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon.
anger were the attributes of these men. Furthermore, Many children and animals indicate that Ibzan and
their animosity toward one another was not merely a Abdon were probably wealthy tribal chieftains. Each
personal matter, for their actions that day affected all of these men ruled a comparatively short time, and
those on board. they may even have been contemporaries of one an-
In our text today, the Ephraimites demonstrated other, each ruling in his own area.
serious attitude problems. In a spirit of pettiness and
jealousy, they accused Jephthah of neglecting to in- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

vite them to join in the fight, which had ended in a II. Conditions during the period of the judges
resounding victory for Israel. The end result was war- C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
fare and loss of life. 5. Jephthah
We, too, must be mindful of our attitudes. d. Israel’s deliverance
At times we may be tempted to indulge in nega- (3) The strife with Ephraim
tive thoughts: feeling sorry for ourselves, nursing a (12:1-6)
grudge, or insisting on our own way. Yet, if we do, (a) Ephraim’s jealousy
these attitudes affect not only ourselves, but also those (12:1-3)
around us. Negative and bitter thoughts are destruc- (b) Ephraim’s defeat
tive attitudes, which, if allowed to rule in our hearts, (12:4-6)
will cause spiritual shipwreck just as certainly as the (4) The death of Jephthah (12:7)
attitudes of those sea captains ultimately doomed their 6. Ibzan (12:8-10)
vessels. 7. Elon (12:11-12)
What is your attitude today? 8. Abdon (12:13-15)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What was the attitude of the Ephraimites as they
quarreled with Jephthah?

CONCLUSION
Examine your relationships with relatives, friends,
and co-workers. Are there situations where you can
improve your relationship by altering your attitude?
NOTES

2. What was the word used for the pronunciation test?

How did the Ephraimites say it?

3. How might negative attitudes in our lives or the

lives of others cause us grief?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 13:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“Then Manoah intreated the Lord, and said, O my The first verse of our text tells us that the Children
Lord, let the man of God which thou didst send of Israel corrupted themselves and did evil again in
come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do the sight of the Lord. The Lord delivered them into
unto the child that shall be born.” (Judges 13:8) the hand of the Philistines who oppressed them for
forty years. It was during this forty-year period that
Have you ever witnessed first-time parents with an angel appeared unto Manoah’s wife. Manoah was
their new baby? The nine months of waiting is finally a Danite. The town in which he lived, Zorah, once be-
over and they are jubilant with excitement as they longed to the tribe of Judah, but later was given to the
eagerly embrace the new life. I remember when our tribe of Dan. The angel gave Manoah’s wife the news
oldest daughter was born. Initially, we were ecstatic that she would conceive and bear a child who would
and every moment seemed to be filled with euphoria. be a Nazarite and would begin to deliver the Children
However, the euphoric feelings soon gave way to the of Israel from the bondage of the Philistines.
reality of life with a newborn — the sleepless nights, To be a Nazarite meant to take a vow to be sepa-
the rigorous schedule, and very often, the desire that rated and consecrated to God. The duration of the vow
an instruction manual had accompanied the child. was optional, usually thirty days, or at the most, one
Questions arose on a regular basis. What do you do hundred days. The Bible tells of three who were Naz-
when the baby is screaming and nothing seems to arites for life: Samson, Samuel, and John the Baptist.
help? How do you know if colic or something more During the whole length of the vow, the person mak-
serious is causing her discomfort? Is it normal for a ing the vow was to abstain from wine or strong drink,
baby to sleep this much? Why those long gaps when refrain from cutting the hair of his head, and was not
she didn’t even seem to be breathing? Was it best to supposed to have any contact with the dead. God or-
pick her up when she cried or was that spoiling her? It dained Samson to be a Nazarite from his mother’s
seemed that every day brought more questions. womb. Manoah’s wife was to observe the require-
In our text, Manoah and his wife were childless, ments of being a Nazarite while she carried the child.
but an angel of the Lord appeared to his wife and let It is interesting to note that when the angel ap-
her know that she would conceive and give birth to a peared a second time to the wife of Manoah and she
son. The child was to be a Nazarite, and he would be- called her husband, he also knew that the man was
gin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines. an angel of the Lord. The angel reiterated to him how
Upon hearing the good news, Manoah felt the respon- his wife needed to observe all that he commanded her
sibility that comes with such an announcement, and while she carried the baby. Manoah responded by ask-
he entreated the Lord for instructions on how to raise ing the angel to stay and eat with them and also asked
the child. him his name. The angel replied that Manoah needed
In our lives, we often feel the weight of the re- to sacrifice unto God rather than be bothered with
sponsibilities that rest upon us each day. We may feel feeding him or knowing his name, which evidently
that what is required of us is more than we can handle was a secret. Manoah obeyed and offered a sacrifice
on our own. Whether it is raising children, perform- unto God, and it says in verse 19 that “the angel did
ing our jobs, or doing some service in the work of the wonderously,” while Manoah and his wife looked
Lord, we can learn from Manoah and take the time to on. A flame issued from the rock, as in the case of
entreat the Lord for His direction, instruction, or the Gideon’s sacrifice (Judges 6:21), and consumed the
wisdom that we need. sacrifice. The angel of the Lord then ascended in this
The Lord has provided the greatest manual the flame.
world has ever known — the Bible, which is full of
practical help and guidelines for any situation that we AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

may encounter. It gives us instructions on how to raise II. Conditions during the period of the judges
our children, how to treat our spouses, how to get C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
along with our fellowmen, but most importantly, how 9. Samson
to make our peace with God and make it to Heaven. a. Israel’s sin and servitude (13:1)
What a resource is available to us! Let us purpose b. Israel’s deliverance
to make sure we utilize it on a regular basis. (1) The birth of Samson (13:2-25)
 (a) The angelic promise of 3. Consider a situation in your life where you desired
a son (13:2-7) instruction from the Lord. What did you do to receive
(b) The angelic reappearance that instruction?
(13:8-23)
[1] The separated life of
the child’s parents
(13:8-14)
[2] The sacrifice to the
Lord (13:15-23)
(c) The birth and childhood
of Samson (13:24-25)

A CLOSER LOOK
1. How many years had the Philistines oppressed the
Israelites prior to Samson’s birth?
CONCLUSION
As Christians, we are given a challenge to live
a life that is holy and set apart from the world. Like
Manoah and his wife, we too have access to instruc-
tions on how to do this in a pleasing way to the Lord.
The Bible is our greatest instructional source.
2. Why did Manoah desire further instruction on how
to take care of the promised child? NOTES
 DAYBREAK
Judges 14:1-20

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS with specific instructions regarding the child’s care.

Even before the child’s birth, God assigned him a
“And the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon task: Samson was to begin to deliver Israel out of the
him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, hand of the Philistines.
and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not Samson was to be a Nazirite (or Nazarite), a term
his father or his mother what he had done.” taken from the Hebrew word nazir, meaning “conse-
(Judges 14:6) crated one.” This word has no connection to the term
Nazarene, which refers to a citizen of Nazareth. In
A few years back I faced a job that looked over- Numbers 6, we read the requirements of the Nazarite
sized. Even though I felt sure it was the Lord’s will, vow, which included: no razor was to touch the hair,
I could not get up enough enthusiasm and energy to no fruit or by-product of the vine could be consumed,
tackle it, and I wondered how I could ever accomplish and there was to be no proximity to a dead body, even
what was involved. Day after day, I rolled the thought if the deceased was closely related.
of it around in my mind, pondering ways to approach The account of Samson portrays a very strong,
it. Nothing seemed to present itself as an easy answer, impulsive man, likely unusual in appearance, who
and the weight of it began to discourage me. was nevertheless used as an instrument in the hand
One day, at an altar of prayer, I felt overwhelmed, of God. Samson was vulnerable to the wiles of desir-
and gave in to a personal pity party. I asked the Lord able women, and suffered for this weakness more than
to please, please help. Why had I ever agreed to this? once. Certainly, there is much to be learned from his
I did not know what I was going to do. Poor me! My mistakes, but God was able to use him mightily to be-
strength was small, my job loomed large, and I was gin the deliverance of Israel.
not able. In spite of my faithless moaning and com- Although walking was the common mode of
plaining, the Lord met me to answer my cry. He travel, the city of Timnath was perhaps only five miles
assured me of His presence; He was there. from Samson’s hometown of Zorah, and it was an
It was silly of me to wait so long before request- easy walk for him. We get the impression that Ash-
ing help. From that point on, I began to notice that kelon — the city where he seized the thirty changes
things were changing. I felt His everlasting arms sus- of raiment — was far away, but it was not more than
taining and strengthening me. Now I could face the thirty miles distant.
task, and I began to work on it little by little. I found I
could do the job with joy that was previously lacking. AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Through that incident, I learned a valuable lesson: II. Conditions during the period of the judges
I no longer delay in asking God for help, because I C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
have personally experienced it. I know He is interest- 9. Samson
ed in helping His people do the tasks He has assigned b. Israel’s deliverance
them, and the key to accessing this help is to simply (2) The conflict with the
ask. He delights in answering the prayer of faith! Philistines
Have you ever found a strength you knew was not (a) Because of the woman
your own as you worked for the Lord in some capaci- of Timnah
ty? You may have been telling the good news of Jesus’ [1] Samson’s desire for
love to a Sunday school class, giving an honest an- her (14:1-4)
swer of God’s requirements to someone with spiritual [2] Samson’s attempt to
needs, or working at your normal duties. The power secure her (14:5-9)
of God works on our behalf and carries the heavy end [a] The first jour-
of the load. It is so good to have help with the right ney to Timnah:
words to say or the physical strength to finish a task. the killing of
the lion (14:5-7)
BACKGROUND [b] The second
This chapter of Judges occurs approximately three journey to
hundred years after the death of Joshua. An angel ap- Timnah: the
peared to a barren woman and her husband, Manoah, honey in the
announcing that a son would be born to them, along lion (14:8-9)
 [3]
Samson’s marriage 4. What is one of the most valuable lessons you can
feast (14:10-19) learn from this segment of Samson’s life?
[a] The riddle and
the reward
(14:10-14)
[b] The riddle
solved by trick-
ery (14:15-18)
[c] The reward
secured (14:19)
[4]
Samson’s loss of
his wife
[a] Her marriage
to another
(14:20—15:2)

A CLOSER LOOK
1. What inappropriate method was employed by the CONCLUSION
Philistines to solve Samson’s riddle? God was able to use Samson to begin the deliver-
ance of Israel. As we consecrate our lives to His work
and lay aside any contrary personal ambitions, much
can be accomplished through us for God’s kingdom.
NOTES

2. How did Samson obtain the thirty garments needed

to pay his wager?

3. What might have been the Philistines’ reaction to

the slaughter at Ashkelon?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 15:1-20

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS man with a quick temper and one who seemed to take
much credit for his exploits against the Philistines
“And when he came unto Lehi, the Philistines rather than giving the glory to God as he should have.
shouted against him: and the Spirit of the Lord In an act of revenge for his Philistine wife having
came mightily upon him, and the cords that were been given to his “companion” (or friend), Samson
upon his arms became as flax that was burnt with caught three hundred foxes, set their tails on fire, and
fire, and his bands loosed from off his hands.” sent them through the Philistines’ fields. Rounding up
(Judges 15:14) that many foxes would not have been too difficult be-
cause the country abounded with these animals. The
We are in a constant battle with the enemy of our burning of the enemies’ crops was a common method
souls. While Samson fought some dramatic battles of warfare in that day. Samson’s act constituted na-
with his enemies, the skirmishes we face as Christians tional aggression, and made him a chief enemy of the
are no less important and require as much reliance on Philistines.
God as did those of Samson. After Samson performed a great slaughter of the
Today’s attacks usually are not hand-to-hand com- Philistines, the men of Judah offered to give up Sam-
bat, but a trial of our faith. Satan may bring a question son to the Philistines. This would indicate that Judah
to our minds about whether God is able or willing to did not have faith that God was able to give victory
take care of our needs or put a doubt to challenge our through Samson. However, through the Spirit of the
integrity or that of a brother or sister in the Gospel. He Lord, Samson was able to break the bands by which
may send illness, accusations, or a myriad of other tri- he was restrained. After slaying 1000 Philistines with
als. In every attack, we can call upon the Lord and His a jawbone of an ass, and being delivered from extreme
Spirit will raise up a defense against the enemy. thirst by the creation of a fountain of water by God,
I think back to the time when my husband was Samson was appointed judge over Israel. During the
called to be a pastor. We were driving the curvy Red- twenty years Samson judged Israel, he never was able
wood highway through the beautiful Smith River to rout the Philistines completely but only overcame
Canyon of California. We had left behind several some of them at times with great feats.
young adult children, one of whom was facing a Commentators suggest that there was a significant
possible serious illness. My heart was pulling two time lapse between the close of chapter 15 and the
ways — I felt joy to be answering God’s call, and events described in chapter 16.
yet my mother-heart ached at leaving my vulnerable
young daughters. As we rounded a turn in the road, we
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

came upon a little fawn that had been struck by a car II. Conditions during the period of the judges
and was struggling. At that point my emotions reached C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
the brim, and I burst into sobs. My heart was fixed, 9. Samson
and there was no thought of turning back, but I needed b. Israel’s deliverance
extra strength for that moment — and it came. (2) The conflict with the
At this point in my life, I remember back to that Philistines
day with a smile. The Lord took good care of our girls, (a) Because of the woman
and my husband and I have been very fulfilled in our of Timnah
call. There have been other battles along the way, but [4] Samson’s loss of
as we have determined to do the Lord’s will, His Spirit his wife
has been there every time to comfort us and give us [a] Her marriage
the strength we need. Because God has been our help to another
and strength in these small battles, I know we can trust (14:20—15:2)
Him if we ever face a huge one like Samson’s! [b] Her several
revengeful acts
BACKGROUND (15:3-8)
God had given the land of the Philistines to i. Samson’s
Israel, but the Philistines still occupied the land and revengeful
they were troubling Israel. God had raised up Samson acts
to bring judgment to these oppressors. Samson was a (15:3-5)
 ii. Philistine 3. How can the focus verse encourage us when we
reprisals face a trial that is too big for us to handle?
(15:6)
iii. Samson’s
reaction
(15:7-8)
[5] Samson’s fights with
the Philistine army
(15:9-20)
[a] The Philistine
attack on Judah
(15:9-13)
[b] Samson’s
single-handed
victory
(15:14-20)
CONCLUSION
A CLOSER LOOK
No matter how big the enemy may seem in our
1. By what power was Samson able to do exploits? Christian warfare, God is much more powerful. With
Him we will always win!

NOTES

2. Why do you think God continued to empower

Samson when he so often seemed to use that power
selfishly?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 16:1-31

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS If you are a Christian who is praying for a lost loved
one, don’t give up hope! Maybe soon you, too, will
“And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Sam- hear the wonderful news that he or she has become a
son. And he awoke out of his sleep, and said, I will child of God.
go out as at other times before, and shake myself.
BACKGROUND
And he wist not that the Lord was departed from
him.” (Judges 16:20) Gaza was a southern city of the Philistines. Per-
haps Samson went to this enemy city because he was
In some ways, our son’s life reminds me of the proud of his past accomplishments and therefore trust-
life of Samson. Like Samson, our son started off with ing his personal strength. In spite of this, God did help
many advantages. We had a Christian home, and he him. Bible commentators are unsure whether Samson
was a cheerful, well-behaved boy of above average carried the doors of the city gate clear to Hebron. If
scholastic ability. In Sunday school, he knew all the he did, the distance from Gaza to Hebron was almost
answers. One reason for this was that one of his favor- thirty-eight miles and it would have been uphill, since
ite pastimes was listening to recorded Bible stories, of Gaza was on the coast near sea level, and Hebron was
which we had a large set. Realizing that even this good in the mountains.
upbringing was not enough, during the summer before God had a special plan for Samson. However, to
he started high school, he prayed through to salvation. be usable in God’s service, there were requirements
However, upon entering high school, he faced the for Samson’s life, and he only partly met them. He ful-
allurement of the world. It was not a temptress like filled the vow of the Nazarite in not drinking alcohol
Delilah, but rather a group of students who were into or in having his hair cut, but in his relationship with
tobacco and drugs. The desire to be accepted by these women, Samson would not abide by God’s guidelines.
peers became more important to him than anything Although the Bible does not directly say so, the impli-
else. Turning his back on his family, his church, and cation is that Delilah was a Philistine and a prostitute.
his God, I am sure our son had no idea how far down As a judge of Israel for twenty years, Samson knew
the road of sin those early decisions would take him. well that he should marry a God-fearing woman of
Like Samson, he probably thought — at least initial- Israel, and have nothing to do with the ungodly Deli-
ly — that he could dabble with sin while still remain- lah. However, Samson had to have his own way in this
ing in control of his life. That was not the case. matter, even to his own destruction.
As addictions got hold of him, he eventually left Five leaders, or “lords,” ruled the Philistines from
his family, his home, and his schooling. For a number five different cities, and each of these men offered
of years, life was hard for him. From time to time, he Delilah a handsome reward if she could trap Samson.
would do a little better — getting a job and trying to Delilah made it her business to find out Samson’s
make something of himself — only to slip back into secret. “Green withs” were fresh bowstrings. The
his old ways. Although not literally in jail, this life of “beam” refers to the loom, where she must have wo-
bondage to Satan was comparable to Samson’s life in ven his hair something like a piece of fabric. It is quite
the Philistine prison. possible that the first three times Delilah said, “The
Thankfully our son’s story does not end on that Philistines be upon thee,” the men who were hiding
somber note. Recently, we got the phone call from him did not reveal themselves.
that all Christian parents with a lost son or daughter The Bible is clear that the source of Samson’s
are hoping for — the prodigal had come back to God. strength was the Spirit of the Lord coming upon him.
From the moment our son was saved, he was happy to His hair was an outward symbol of his Nazarite vow.
inform us, he had been drug free. Later, when we were When his hair was cut, it was a visible indication that
able to visit him in person, we saw that the old sparkle he had broken his vow. With the Spirit of God depart-
was back in his eyes — something we had not seen for ed and his strength gone, the Philistines made Samson
years. Just as Samson turned back to God and saw vic- a slave, put out his eyes, and took him to Gaza — the
tory in his final act on earth, our son is now experienc- city from which he had taken the doors of the gate.
ing the victory that comes from life in Christ. Dagon was the Philistines’ god of grain, and they
There is extreme risk in tampering with sin. If this gave him the credit for their victory over Samson. The
devotional finds you in a spiritually lost condition, site of Samson’s final act, accomplished with God’s
you, too, can come to God and experience His love. strength, may have been a temple for Dagon.
 Samson wanted what he wanted, and he ended up A CLOSER LOOK
paying the ultimate sacrifice for it. It is true that God
1. How did Delilah finally discover the secret of Sam-
was able to use Samson a little — first in the early part
son’s great strength?
of his life, and finally at his death. However, his life
story would clearly have been different if he had lived
consistently for God.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. Conditions during the period of the judges

C. Parenthesis: the tyranny of Abimelech
9. Samson 2. What are some things Samson could have done to
b. Israel’s deliverance avoid the downward path he chose?
(2) The conflict with the
Philistines
(b) Because of the harlot in
Gaza (16:1-3)
[1] Samson’s lust (16:1)
[2] Philistine’s plot
(16:2) 3. How might we as Christians unnecessarily expose
[3] Samson’s escape ourselves to temptations?
(16:3)
(c) Because of Delilah
(16:4-31)
[1] Samson’s entangle-
ment with Delilah
(16:4)
[2] Delilah’s trickery to
secure his source of
strength (16:5-20)
[a] The secret
alluded to
(16:5-14)
i. The seven CONCLUSION
fresh cords
Each of us is developing a “life story,” one day at
(16:5-9)
a time. Does yours show consistency in serving God?
ii. The new
By God’s grace, it can.
cords
(16:10-12) NOTES
iii. The seven
locks
(16:13-14)
[b] The secret
divulged
(16:15-20)
[3] Samson’s
imprisonment
(16:21-22)
[4] Samson’s death
(16:23-31)
[a] The gathering
for a Philistine
feast (16:23-27)
[b] The death of
Samson with
the Philistines
(16:28-31)
 DAYBREAK
Judges 17:1-13

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS make a personal commitment to follow God’s in-

structions with all our hearts! What way of life could
“In those days there was no king in Israel, but ev- possibly hold the same level of satisfaction, promise,
ery man did that which was right in his own eyes.” and peace as the Christian life that the Lord so gra-
(Judges 17:6) ciously offers us? Nothing else comes close!

What confusion can result when a person turns BACKGROUND

away from the truth and chooses his own way in- Israel had been instructed in serving God, but
stead! Some years back, a man gave a testimony that they had drifted far from Him. At this time of the rule
illustrates this fact. He told how he was saved, had of the judges, there was no cohesive spiritual or civil
obtained his deeper experiences, and was being used leadership. Men like Moses and Joshua, who had
of the Lord in the Gospel work. However, his at- been nationally revered by the people, had died. In
tention gradually shifted to the flashy things of this the void, spiritual and moral decay had swept the na-
world. He had an insatiable desire to be rich, and, tion, and people had embarked on whatever kind of
eventually, his desires caused him to turn his back on lifestyle suited their fancy. Idol worship, theft, rape,
God. murder, homosexuality, and every imaginable vice
Then he lost an item that was dear to his heart. and crime became the way of life among the chosen
He searched for it diligently but to no avail. In a des- people of God.
perate effort to locate his prized item, he did what The account of Micah and his family typified the
is common in his culture — he sought after a local moral and spiritual depths to which Israel had suc-
fetish priest who had the power of divination. He cumbed at the time. It also showed Israel’s readiness
told his need to the occultist and waited as the man to experiment with and eventually serve the false
performed the satanic ritual that he expected would idols of the Canaanites.
give him a clue to the whereabouts of the lost item. Though the government of Israel was not cen-
Suddenly, the man looked up at the backslidden man trally administered, God had commissioned the Lev-
with astonishment. With an accusatory glance, he ites to serve the Israelite people by teaching them the
exclaimed, “It was not an item that got lost. It is you way of the Lord. The Levitical order was so sacred
that is lost!” that they were to have no inheritance, but they were
In our Bible text today, we see confusion and to live with and teach the people the precepts of holi-
strange actions by Micah and his mother. Micah was ness. They were exclusively dedicated to the service
attracted to his mother’s silver and desired it enough of the Lord, a requirement that was aimed at prevent-
to take it, though that act of thievery was a departure ing Israel from wandering into sin.
from God’s Law. Then, apparently smitten by guilt The failure of the Levites to keep their order
when his mother cursed the thief, he returned the sil- sacred was the primary cause for the depravity that
ver. Amazingly, his mother then gave a portion of the overcame Israel. They abandoned their duties and
silver for the purpose of having an idol made. Micah failed to cry out against sin, and in the end, they also
set up the idol in a small sanctuary of his own, which were overtaken by evil. The behavior of the young
he stocked with images. He even assigned one of his Levite from Bethlehem in this chapter is an example
sons to become his priest, though the assumption of of the staggering betrayal of the Levites of their
the priestly office by anyone not in the family of calling before God. He abandoned his godly call in
Aaron was a direct violation of divine law. search of wealth and society-defined success. His un-
Both the backslidden man and Micah were so restrained desire for wealth led him to the house of
mixed up in their approach to worship that wrong Micah, who was already in idolatry. Micah offered
seemed right to them. God has given us standards the renegade Levite a mere ten pieces of silver, a
and instructions; He has not left our conduct up to us suit of clothes, and his upkeep as yearly wage. In ex-
and our opinions. It is a dangerous matter to try to change, the young Levite gave up any service to God
mix our thoughts with what God says! Confusion and and became, instead, a priest of idols.
bizarre behavior can be the result. While Micah’s establishment of his personal
Today, as in Micah’s day, everyone seems to put brand of religion revealed the spiritual downfall of
his or her own interests first. Most people still reject individual Israelites, this Levite illustrated the spiri-
God’s right way of living. How much better it is to tual downfall of the religious leaders of Israel.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

III. Appendices
A. Gross idolatry during the time of the judges
1. Micah’s idolatry (17:1-13)
a. An idol erected (17:1-6)
(1) The silver recovered (17:1-3)
(2) The image made (17:4)
(3) The priest consecrated
(17:5-6)
b. A Levitical priest secured
(17:7-13)
CONCLUSION
A CLOSER LOOK Regardless of the situations that surround us,
1. What amount of money did Micah take from his God still expects us to be faithful to Him and to keep
mother? ourselves unspotted from the world. His expectations
are legitimate because His grace is sufficient to keep
us. Let us determine that our lives in Jesus Christ are
not for sale at any price!
NOTES

2. How did the value system of the main characters

in the passage become so distorted?

3. Write down several things you could do to pre-

serve your Christianity if you were in a situation
where you were surrounded by bad influences.
 DAYBREAK
Judges 18:1-31

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Had the Danites truly been seeking God’s direc-
tion, they could have asked the high priest for guid-
“And they took the things which Micah had made, ance. However, they wanted to go outside of their
and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, assigned boundaries, and so the spies began their mis-
unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and sion. When they met the Levite who was hired to be
they smote them with the edge of the sword, and in Micah’s house, they consulted him. When the spies
burnt the city with fire.” (Judges 18:27) later returned with the army of six hundred men, they
took Micah’s idols and told the Levite to come with
As I surveyed the wall decorations in our daugh- them, which he did.
ter’s classroom on her first day of school as a sixth The inhabitants of Laish did not have treaties for
grader, I noticed an interesting poster. It pictured row protection, so they were an easy target. Although this
after row of beautiful oranges and, in a row near the was not a city that God had directed Israel to destroy,
bottom, one beautiful green apple. The challenge the Danites smote it and built their own city there.
printed on the poster was supporting individuality. The Danites set up Micah’s idols in their new city.
Since our daughter was a Christian, I thought the post- Thus they became the first Israelite tribe to institute
er was appropriate. However, on that first day, I did idolatry as their official system of religion. The Levite
not have a hint as to how many times in the future I should have opposed the worship of these images, but
would think back to that poster. That year, the teacher he did not seem to have deep religious convictions.
routinely made it a practice to tear down our daugh- He was self-seeking, not God-seeking or God-fearing.
ter’s Christian beliefs and standards. As the months This account shows the degenerate state of Israel.
wore on, I thought many times about the mindset that By this time, they had been in the Promised Land for
has become so prevalent in the world today — it is all about three hundred years. Instead of conquering the
right to be different, as long as the difference is not ungodly inhabitants of the land, Israel had adopted
fundamental Christianity! their practices.
Why do people respond that way to fundamen-
tal Christians? We live in times of moral relativism AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

where many think right and wrong seem to be “nego- III. Appendices
tiable.” The Danites found themselves in that state at A. Gross idolatry during the time of the judges
the time of today’s text. They had no regard for God’s 2. Danite idolatry (18:1-31)
law. Each tribe, including the Danites, had been told a. The Danite search for an
to conquer the territory allotted to them. Rather than inheritance (18:1-10)
fight for their God-given inheritance, the Danites took (1) The spies before Micah’s
by force something that was not assigned to them. Levite (18:1-6)
Those around us may reject the necessity of (2) The spies at Laish (18:7)
following God’s instructions. However, we want to (3) The spies report (18:8-10)
seek God’s help in resisting the thinking of the world. b. The Danite journey to Laish
God has established right and wrong, and it is written (18:11-31)
in His Word. Let us challenge ourselves to live in obe- (1) The journey commenced
dience to His directions and to measure with His mea- (18:11-13)
surement. If we do, we will be “different,” but we will (2) The robbery of Micah’s idol
also be blessed with God’s true goodness. (18:14-26)
(3) The capture of Laish (Dan)
BACKGROUND
(18:27-29)
The inheritance of the tribe of Dan had been as- (4) The establishment of
signed by Joshua, as had the inheritances of the rest idolatrous worship (18:30-31)
of Israel (Joshua 19:51). However, the Danites did not
overcome the inhabitants of their area (Judges 1:34), A CLOSER LOOK
so they were overcrowded, and finally sent out spies 1. How many spies did the tribe of Dan send out?
to seek an easy place to conquer so they could expand.
The spies traveled about one hundred miles north and
found Laish, a city outside their allotted area.
2. How did the Levite priest demonstrate that he was NOTES
self-seeking?

3. How can we resist the thinking of the world in our

own lives?

CONCLUSION
Let us remember that no matter how those around
us think, obeying God always pays.
 DAYBREAK
Judges 19:1-30

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS sequence, but took place earlier in the time of the
judges. The events in these chapters were recorded as
“And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was illustrations of the degenerate moral state of Israel.
no such deed done nor seen from the day that the Today’s text is the second of those three chapters. This
children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt chapter again points out that there was no king in Is-
unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and speak rael. God wanted to be their king, but the people were
your minds.” (Judges 19:30) going their own ways.
Concubines carried most of the same responsi-
We will not forget 9/11 — the shock, the horror bilities as a wife, but they received only some of the
that swept across our nation and the world. The Al benefits. Even though the attachment to their husbands
Braca family remembers more vividly than most of was socially legal, concubines and their children did
us — Al worked for Cantor Fitzgerald in Tower One not usually receive part of the inheritance. Often, they
on the 105th floor. He did not like his job because his were prisoners of war from other countries, although
godly values were so foreign to those around him; in the concubine in this text was probably an Israelite.
fact, his co-workers called him “The Rev,” but Al felt She was unfaithful to her husband, and went to her
it was God’s plan for him to continue working there, father’s home. After four months, the Levite went to
“to be a light in the darkness.” He witnessed at every Bethlehem, and they were reconciled.
opportunity. The father-in-law had no apparent ill intent in do-
By piecing together information from the relatives ing all he could to delay the man’s departure. The fact
of other victims in the weeks after 9/11, Al’s family that his son-in-law was a Levite may have added to his
learned that when he realized he and his fellow em- delight in having him in his home. He was probably
ployees were trapped, he witnessed to fifty people and joyful that the couple was reunited. All of this would
led them in prayer. More than a month after 9/11, an have made it more difficult for the Levite to finally in-
MCI operator found out how to reach Al’s family and sist on departing.
deliver his last message to them, “Tell them that I love Gibeah was a city of the tribe of Benjamin. From
them.” Al Braca faced evil and tragedy and used it for Bethlehem to Gibeah was about ten miles. Travel
the glory of God.1 was dangerous particularly at night (Judges 5:6), and
Today’s text is a horrific account specifically men- Jerusalem was closer. However, the area was still in
tioned to illustrate the awfulness of the conditions in the possession of the Jebusites, who were descendants
Israel at that time. Both the World Trade Center col- of Canaan and later driven out by David and his men.
lapse and this incident in Israel show how urgently the Extending hospitality to strangers and travelers
human family needs God’s help. It is wonderful when was a sacred responsibility in the East, however no
the national momentum is going in the direction of Gibeonites offered the travelers a place to stay. In-
God, but more often it is the opposite. This chapter, as stead, an older man from the tribe of Ephraim took
well as the entire Book of Judges, reveals how impor- them in. The men of Gibeah were homosexuals and
tant individuals are who purpose to serve God and be were acting as Sodomites. Incredibly, the Levite gave
true to Him and His Word. his concubine to this crowd, and their abuse killed her
The evil of man is ever-present, and maybe you while he slept!
feel alone in the midst of a world of sin. Yet, we do The actions the Levite took with her body were in-
not have to live with fear or feel vulnerable if we have tended to obtain attention and shock Israel into action.
the peace of God in our hearts. Remember that even He wanted punishment and justice, but his own acts
one godly life can make a difference. Perhaps you and negligence had contributed to the woman’s death.
think that your life and purpose to stand for God are
insignificant compared to the evils of your coworkers AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

or classmates. Take heart! God is depending on you. III. Appendices

Perhaps He is using your life to teach someone else B. Moral decline during the time of the judges
about salvation. Keep on serving Him! 1. The crime at Gibeah (19:1-30)
a. The Levite’s unfaithful concubine
BACKGROUND (19:1-2)
Most Bible commentators believe that three of the b. The Levite’s trip to recover his
last five chapters of Judges are not in chronological concubine (19:3-9)
 c. The Levite’s journey to Gibeah
(19:10)
d. The immorality of the men of
Gibeah (19:11-30)
(1) The provisions of the host
(19:11-15)
(2) The alerting of the tribes of
the action (19:16-21)
(3) The murder-rape of the
concubine (19:22-30)
A CLOSER LOOK
CONCLUSION
1. How many days did the Levite stay at the home of
Sin seemingly has no limits in how far it will take
his father-in-law?
us once we begin to allow God’s truth to slip away
from our grasp. May we always properly recognize,
appreciate, and hold fast to God’s great love and His
Word.
NOTES

2. What may have caused the vast difference between

the man of Ephraim’s generation and the generation of
those outside his door?

3. What principles of true godliness are in danger of

slipping away today? What can you do to help prevent
that from happening?

1. Christin Ditchfield, “A Light in the Darkness,” Focus on the Family. <http://www.family.org/fofmag/sh/a0021985.cfm. 12 Nov. 2004.
 DAYBREAK
Judges 20:1-48

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS discover that prayer and fasting are necessary to move
the hand of God to work. Israel found that God re-
“Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, warded such efforts, and you will find that out too.
went up, and came unto the house of God, and
BACKGROUND
wept, and sat there before the Lord, and fasted
that day until even, and offered burnt offerings Since Dan was the northernmost city of Israel
and peace offerings before the Lord.” and Beersheba was the southernmost city, the phrase,
(Judges 20:26) “from Dan even to Beersheba” indicates that the
whole nation was outraged by the Levite’s action with
One Saturday night, a few days after we moved his concubine’s body. Mizpeh was about eight miles
into our new home in St. Louis, a power surge tripped north of Jerusalem and was the place where the na-
our main circuit breaker, and the electrical supply to tion assembled. A host of 400,000 footmen gathered
the house went off. For many hours, I searched for there to deliberate and decide on what action to take
the cause of the problem. I went to the basement and against those who committed this wicked act. When
examined the circuit breakers, trying to set every one the Levite recounted the story, he noticeably omitted
of them to “on.” Still the power was not restored. I any admission of blame on his part.
checked with our neighbors to make sure there was Demand was made on the tribe of Benjamin to
not a widespread outage, but all our neighbors had hand over the perpetrators, because the men of Israel
power in their homes. That night we were unable to wanted to take action to cleanse the national guilt.
cook. The next day was a Sunday, and we went to Benjamin refused but instead decided to declare war
church without our usual hot breakfast. Everybody in on the rest of the tribes, thereby bringing guilt upon
the family was inconvenienced because there was no themselves for this sin and wickedness. A costly civil
power supply to the house. war was the result.
In church that day, I prayed that God would help The eleven tribes twice sought the face of God
us out of the situation, and the Lord assured me that about punishing the tribe of Benjamin, and He indi-
He would. Upon returning home, I went back to the cated that they should. However, in the first two at-
switch and pushed it very hard toward “on.” The tempts they met defeat. On the third occasion, the
power came on, and everybody in the house rejoiced! Israelites wept, prayed, and fasted until they received
The power had been there all the time, but it could the victory on their knees. Using a tactic similar to
not flow because, on my first attempts, I had failed to Joshua’s at Ai, Gibeah was captured, its men were de-
push hard enough to make a connection. stroyed, and the city was reduced to ashes.
Have you ever faced difficulties where you The eleven tribes continued their attack beyond
prayed but the problems remained unsolved? Perhaps Gibeah. By the end of the war, the tribe of Benjamin
Scriptural promises indicate that it was God’s will was nearly annihilated. When Israel left Egypt, there
for you to have victory over the troubling problems. were 35,400 warriors in the tribe (Numbers 1:37). By
Maybe you wrote prayer requests and other believers the second census (before they entered the Promised
joined you in prayer on these matters, yet the problem Land), their number was 45,600 (Numbers 26:41).
remained. You examined your life and found no sin. At the end of these three days of war, there were only
You consecrated your life, died daily to self, and you 600 men of Benjamin left.
could not think of anything you had not done.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
In today’s text, the Children of Israel teamed up
together as one man against the tribe of Benjamin to III. Appendices
bring justice for an evil perpetrated by a small gang B. Moral decline during the time of the judges
among this tribe. Twice the Israelites prayed, and re- 2. The war against Benjamin
ceived the “green light” to fight against Benjamin, yet a. The disgrace at Gibeah rehearsed
on two occasions they met defeat. The third time, the (20:1-7)
Children of Israel prayed and fasted until the evening, b. The resulting war (20:8-48)
and then victory came. (1) Israel’s assembly for war
When we face problems that are not quickly (20:8-11)
solved and we seem to be having trouble making a (2) Benjamin’s assembly for war
“connection,” we may need to “push harder.” We may (20:12-16)
 (3) Israel’s early defeats 4. What lessons can we learn about problem solving
(20:17-28) from this account?
(4) The near extermination of the
Benjamites (20:29-48)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did the eleven tribes of Israel want the Ben-
jamites to do with the wicked men?

CONCLUSION
Have you been praying to God for a long time on
2. What might have happened if the tribe of Benjamin a particular issue in your life that you know is within
had complied with this request? God’s will, yet it seems that Heaven is closed? Don’t
give up! Tarry with God in prayer, because your mira-
cle is on the way.

NOTES

3. What basis did the eleven tribes have for their sub-
sequent actions?
 DAYBREAK
Judges 21:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“In those days there was no king in Israel: every The Israelites had massacred a total of 25,000
man did that which was right in his own eyes.” men from the tribe of Benjamin, and made several
(Judges 21:25) rash oaths to the Lord. One was to never give their
own daughters in marriage to the Benjamites, and an-
Sometimes it takes simple honesty to recognize other was to kill anyone who did not respond to the
that our choices are from selfish motives. I remember call to assembly. In today’s text, we read about the
when my wife wanted an automobile of her own. Our aftermath of the onslaught.
children were older, and she felt it was time for her to The tribe of Benjamin was in danger of extinc-
have more mobility and freedom. tion, with only 600 men remaining. There were
Since my wife didn’t know a great deal about no Benjamite women or children left because the
automobiles, I decided to choose a car for her myself. Israelites had invaded the cities of Benjamin and
I searched car lots and considered options. Then, I slaughtered them all. The Israelites came to the sober
saw it — a black 1953 Buick Roadmaster, four-door realization that they had almost completely destroyed
sedan, with red trim, and lots of chrome. I immedi- one of the tribes of God’s people. Since they had
ately fell in love with the car. made the vow never to give their own daughters to
Auto designers in those days had tremen- the Benjamites in marriage, they looked for another
dous imaginations! The grille was huge, and it had way to make provision for the Benjamites.
chrome-plated casting and vertical posts merging into The eleven tribes had made an oath to kill those
the bumper. Four chrome “portholes” traveled along who did not respond to the call to assemble (which
each fender. The car was longer and heavier than al- explains why the large number of 400,000 respond-
most any sedan made today. It possessed various oth- ed). At this time, it was determined that no one had
er attractive features, but there was one feature it did rallied to this battle from Jabesh-gilead. So, the
not have — power steering. I bought it without even Israelite army made another attack. They slew the
thinking of this factor. After all, who would need men, married women, and children in Jabesh-gilead,
power steering? saving 400 unmarried women to be wives for the
Later, I found out that my wife did! She val- Benjamites. However, there were 600 Benjamite men
iantly tried to operate the car, tugging with all of her and only 400 Gileadite women, so the elders of Israel
strength on the uncooperative steering wheel, but she decided the Benjamites could capture 200 daughters
could not handle it properly. of Shiloh so that each Benjamite would get his own
When I bought the car, I really meant to do what wife.
I thought was the right thing. I just let my own likes The Israelites acted on their own authority and
and desires get ahead of my wife’s needs. I could on their own opinions of what was right and wrong.
have chosen a small automobile (with power steer- They tried to correct their errors with wrong actions.
ing) that would have suited perfectly, although it The results were horrible!
probably would not have had chrome portholes in the
fenders.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

While my actions were thoughtless, their conse- III. Appendices

quences were relatively minor. In contrast, the actions B. Moral decline during the time of the judges
of the Children of Israel were far more serious. No 2. War declared against Benjamin
doubt they had reasons why they thought the things c. The restoration of Benjamin
they did were proper and all right. However, some of (21:1-24)
the actions that were “right in their own eyes” were (1) The sorrow of Israel (21:1-7)
an abomination to God. (2) The securing of wives for the
We want to be certain that our thoughts and ac- Benjamite remnant (21:8-24)
tions are acceptable in God’s eyes. God’s Word (a) The virgins of Jabesh-
should be our real standard for what is right. Daily, Gilead (21:8-16)
we want to submit ourselves to Him and ask for His (b) The virgins at Shiloh
direction, help, and strength. He will help us live as (21:17-24)
He wants us to. C. Conclusion (21:25)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How many Benjamite men were left after the
slaughter at Jabesh-gilead?

2. Why did the Israelites secure wives for the remain- CONCLUSION
ing Benjamites?
When we do things that are right in our own
eyes, we leave out the most important part — what is
right in God’s eyes.

NOTES

2. What problems come about when everyone makes

their own decisions as to what is right or wrong?

4. When we are faced with problems, how should we

make a decision regarding our course of action?
 DAYBREAK
Section Introduction

Overview for Ruth

Purpose: The Book of Ruth acts as a bridge between Orpah. Naomi longed to return to her roots, so she
Judges and 1 and 2 Samuel. decided to go back to her homeland in spite of her
love for Ruth and Orpah. She understood what it was
Author: According to the Talmud, Samuel was the
like to be in a foreign land and did not encourage
author. However, it seems clear, from the care the au-
them to return with her. At Naomi’s urging, Orpah
thor makes in bringing out David’s genealogy in Ruth
stayed in Moab. Ruth, on the other hand, had bonded
4:17-22, that the author must have lived in the time
with Naomi and her God, and determined that she
when David was thoroughly established on the throne
would accompany her mother-in-law back to Israel.
of Israel. This was after the death of Samuel.
This decision set the stage for a beautiful story of
Date Written: The Book probably was written or faithfulness, love, and marriage. It is included in the
completed in Jerusalem by a court historian during Bible because eventually the Messiah would come
David’s or possibly Solomon’s reign. from the line of Ruth the Moabitess and her Israelite
second husband, Boaz.
History: In the early narratives and translations, Ruth
The account of Ruth provides a marvelous
and Judges were considered to be one book.
illustration of redemption. The Old Testament law
Setting: These events take place during the days of made provision for women who, due to the death of
the judges — 1375-1050 b.c. The narrative begins in their husbands, were left without heirs and faced
Moab, a country, east of the Dead Sea, that oppressed the loss of their property. Both heirs (Deuteronomy
Israel during the period of the judges. 25:5-10) and property (Leviticus 25:25-28) were to be
secured by a “close relative,” or “kinsman redeemer.”
Key People: Ruth, Naomi, and Boaz.
This law sanctioned the ancient custom of “brother-
Summary: The Book of Ruth is a romantic yet his- in-law” marriage. The account of Ruth illustrates its
toric view of a Moabite woman who became an im- proper application.
portant part in the lineage of Christ. The events of The kinsman redeemer had to meet three quali-
the book began when an Israelite family moved to fications: he must be a blood relative, he must be
the land of Moab to escape a famine in Israel. After a willing to redeem, and he must be able to pay the
period of time, the father died. The two sons married redemption price. This illustration of the kinsman re-
Moabite wives. Then the sons died, leaving the moth- deemer is a beautiful picture of Christ, who met all
er, Naomi, and the two daughters-in-law, Ruth and these qualifications to redeem us.
Timeline Many of these dates are approximate, as reference materials differ.

Judges T h e D a y s o f t h e J u d g e s Saul David is The

begin is made made king kingdom
to rule king of Israel is divided
1375 B.C. 1050 1003 930
Book of Ruth David is Solomon is
events take place made king made king
sometime between of Judah 970
1290 ~ 1166 1010
Book of Ruth
1. Sources differ significantly, but conservative scholars generally agree that the is written during
book was written during this era. (King James Bible Commentary, p. 282.) King David’s reign1

Outline Hannah’s Bible Outlines used by permission per WORDsearch.

A complete amplified outline of this book is available on our website at www.apostolicfaith.org.

I. Ruth’s resolve (1:1-22)

A. The setting (1:1-5)
B. The decision to return with Naomi to Judah (1:6-18)
C. The disgraceful return to Bethlehem (1:19-22)
II. Ruth’s unselfishness (2:1-23)
A. The request to glean in Boaz’s field (2:1-7)
B. The provision of Boaz (2:8-17)
C. The report to Naomi (2:18-22)
D. The continued labor of Ruth (2:23)
III. Ruth’s appeal (3:1-18)
A. The plan of Naomi for Ruth’s security (3:1-5)
B. The request of Ruth for Boaz to act as a kinsman-redeemer (3:6-15)
C. The report to Naomi (3:16-18)
IV. Ruth’s reward (4:1-22)
A. The redemption of Ruth by Boaz (4:1-12)
B. The marriage and prodigy of Ruth and Boaz (4:13-17)
C. The genealogy of David (4:18-22)
 DAYBREAK
Ruth 1:1-22

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS land of Canaan, in the era of the judges. Just three
generations after Ruth’s story took place, David, the
“And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or great-grandson of Ruth and Boaz, became the second
to return from following after thee: for whither king of Israel.
thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will Moab was east of Israel, and its people were de-
lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God scendants of Lot. The Moabites often troubled the
my God.” (Ruth 1:16) Children of Israel, so Elimelech left his inheritance
in Israel to move to an enemy country. There his sons
Great wails accompanied my youngest daugh- married Gentile women. Elimelech had endeavored to
ter’s insistent clinging as I attempted to leave her at escape a famine, but eventually there were three fu-
a friend’s house so I could spend a couple of hours nerals. Widows were dependent upon their families to
doing some volunteer work. I tried to convince her of sustain them, and the situation for these three women
the benefits of staying with my friend. I said that her looked bleak.
sister would be there too, that she would have more After being in Moab for about ten years, Naomi
fun playing with the other children, and that Mommy learned that God had graciously visited His people
was coming back soon. All my words were to no in bringing an end to the famine in Israel, and she
avail. Our children have a connection with us, and in desired to return to her beloved land. Naomi and
this case, my daughter did not want that “connection” Ruth traveled about fifty or sixty miles and came to
broken for even a little while. Israel in the spring, which was the time of the barley
All of us have connections with other people, and harvest.
some of those relationships are treasures to us. When In Bible times, names said something about
I consider my special connections, I think of one gen- the people who bore them. The name Naomi meant
tleman, now growing older, who is a beautiful exam- “beautiful” or “pleasant.” However, by the time she
ple of godly wisdom, righteousness, and gentleness. returned to Israel, she felt she should be called Mara,
There is a lady who demonstrates gracious behavior which means “bitter” or “one whose life is grievous.”
and thoughtfulness with her knack of saying things in Naomi’s comments in verses 13, 20, and 21 indicate
the right way at the appropriate time. Another lady is that she felt the difficulties she had to face were God’s
a vivacious and enthusiastic Christian. Whenever she punishment for leaving Israel.
speaks of someone, it is in a positive light, and she al- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
ways believes the best of everyone.
These relationships are special to me because of I. Ruth’s resolve (1:1-22)
the Christ-like virtues reflected in the lives of these A. The setting (1:1-5)
people. In a similar way, Ruth’s heart had caught a B. The decision to return with Naomi to Judah
glimpse of something special in the life of Naomi. (1:6-18)
Ruth had come to the realization that Naomi’s God C. The disgraceful return to Bethlehem
was the true God, and she determined to accompany (1: 19-22)
Naomi as she left Moab for Israel. The life that Naomi A CLOSER LOOK
and her family had lived caused Ruth to make a life-
changing decision. 1. What might Ruth have expected would happen to
Think about the people you know who have been her when she arrived in Bethlehem?
born again because someone witnessed to them at
school, on the job, in the home, or at a place of busi-
ness. Then evaluate your own life. Does rubbing
elbows with you enrich the lives of others? Do you
exemplify virtues that would cause people to make
life-changing decisions to serve God? Let us purpose
to live in a way that will draw others to our Savior!
BACKGROUND
The time frame for the Book of Ruth is about one
hundred thirty years after the Israelites entered the
2. How were Naomi and Ruth received at Bethlehem?

CONCLUSION
Each day, let us purpose to obey God and then
pray that our lives will influence others toward Him.
3. How did Naomi perceive herself as she returned to If we do, the Lord will help us.
her homeland?
NOTES

4. What actions in our lives could show that we are as

completely convinced and submitted as Ruth was?
 DAYBREAK
Ruth 2:1-23

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS to have those choices turn out right is to make the
right choices now. If we follow God day by day, we
“The Lord recompense thy work, and a full too will find a “full reward” from the Lord.
reward be given thee of the Lord God of Israel,
BACKGROUND
under whose wings thou art come to trust.”
(Ruth 2:12) Ruth, a Moabite widow, had to trust in God for
her well-being. She demonstrated determination to do
A young woman (also named Ruth) faced a her part and work as hard as she could, by looking for
choice. She had been saved, sanctified, and baptized a field in which she could glean. Gleaning was pick-
with the Holy Spirit, but she knew that God wanted ing up the loose stalks from the fields after the wheat
her to consecrate more. She said, “I was afraid if I and barley had been cut and tied in bundles. Israel’s
completely surrendered my life to the Lord, my own law provided for gleaning as a method of helping the
plans might never materialize. My desires were not poor (Leviticus 19:9-10).
sinful, but they were not God’s plan for me.” Ruth took a chance, because as a stranger she did
This Ruth battled internally for over a year. Final- not know who owned the various parcels of ground
ly, one Sunday she knew she had to make a decision. that made up the fields. Also, being an outsider as well
She found a place to be alone with God, and the con- as a woman, she was vulnerable. The poorest people
flict raged between her ambitions and the deep feeling gleaned, so she was among the lowest socially.
within her heart that she must do God’s will. Verse 3 indicates that she “happened” to work
Then the Lord showed her two paths. One was in a portion of the field that belonged to Boaz. Boaz
sunny and sheltered with trees, had lovely homes took an immediate interest in this stranger, and prom-
and children playing, and the Lord stood at the end ised her protection and provision (2:9, 14-16). He in-
of it. The other was rutted and muddy, unprotected structed his servants regarding where she should glean
and hard, and the Lord stood at the end of that path and even told them to let some extra grain fall for her
also. She realized she could have her ambitions and to pick up. She was allowed to eat and drink with his
still make Heaven, but she also knew that the Lord workers. Boaz himself ate with her and even handed
wanted her to take the difficult path. That day, with all her food (verse 14). Some Bible commentators be-
her heart, she told the Lord she would take His way. lieve that Boaz was attracted to Ruth from the start.
Years later, she said, “The path God chose for me far The Lord was taking care of Ruth! She “bowed
surpassed any ambitions or dreams I ever had.” God herself to the ground” in response to Boaz’s kindness.
opened the door for fulltime service and used her to An ephah of grain was approximately half a bushel,
write countless letters to people in Africa, helping which was enough food for Naomi and Ruth for about
them find the Lord and continue in their Christian five days.
walk. Upon hearing Ruth’s good news, Naomi took
Ruth in the Bible also made choices. She chose to heart because of who Boaz was, and the kindness he
go with Naomi to Israel. In today’s text, when she de- had shown to Ruth. “Next kinsman” (verse 20) indi-
cided to glean, she made a choice to get busy and do cates that Boaz was one of Elimelech’s closest rela-
something about her situation. As a result, Boaz spoke tives, and therefore, he could redeem Elimelech’s
the words of blessing that are recorded in our focus inheritance. The order of next kinsmen was brothers,
verse. uncles, and then male cousins. The kinsman’s re-
God was unfolding a wonderful plan for both of sponsibility was to be sure the property stayed in the
these women named Ruth, but His plan was only pos- family. Included in this responsibility was marrying
sible because of the choices they made. The Ruth of the widow if a man died childless, and raising up chil-
the Bible did not fret about who she would marry or if dren for his name. No wonder Naomi was excited and
she would ever marry again. She could have worried thanked God! On her first day, Ruth had become ac-
about how she would make a living and survive. All quainted with a man who could redeem both of them.
those things were unknown to her, but in spite of that, Nothing was “chance” about these events, but God’s
she stepped out in faith and made the right choice. hand was in it all.
Sometimes we worry about things down the road Naomi instructed Ruth to stay in Boaz’s field for
that we have no control over. Careers, marriage, and the barley harvest (March and April) and the wheat
family, are big decisions to be sure. But the best way harvest (June and July).
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch 4. What blessings or privileges have you received
from the Lord because of a correct decision you
II. Ruth’s unselfishness (2:1-23)
made?
A. The request to glean in Boaz’s field (2:1-7)
B. The provision of Boaz (2:8-17)
C. The report to Naomi (2:18-22)
D. The continued labor of Ruth (2:23)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What was Ruth’s reaction in her new situation
in a strange land? What does this reveal about her
character?

CONCLUSION
We cannot possibly know what tomorrow will
bring. In her wildest fancies, Ruth of the Bible could
not have imagined what God would do for her. Her
decision to trust Him was rewarded beyond what she
could have even known to ask for. We, too, will be
rewarded if we choose to fully commit ourselves to
God.
2. What did Boaz know about Ruth?
NOTES

3. What does Boaz’s reaction to Ruth reveal about His

character?
 DAYBREAK
Ruth 3:1-18

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“Then Naomi her mother in law said unto her, My Chapter 3 tells how Naomi began the process of
daughter, shall I not seek rest for thee, that it may notifying Boaz that it would be in order for him to
be well with thee?” (Ruth 3:1) perform the part of a kinsman. Israelite parents ar-
ranged their children’s marriages, so Naomi was act-
All people desire rest for their souls. Many years ing as Ruth’s mother. The instructions that Naomi
ago, a young girl from a troubled home was longing gave Ruth were specific and appropriate according to
for such rest. Then she heard about a camp meeting the customs of that time.
being held in a large tent. She said, “The minute I en- Naomi told Ruth to wash and anoint herself,
tered, I felt a calm come over me.” At the end of the change her clothes, and go to the threshing floor. Fra-
service, she knelt to pray, and before long God an- grant oils were used at that time for both protection
swered. Unrest and grief disappeared, and she had joy and healing, while making a person pleasing to those
and peace. around. In essence, Naomi was suggesting that Ruth
After this salvation experience, Edna was severely follow the Israelite custom, which would let Boaz
persecuted and beaten at home. The day she turned know that as her kinsman-redeemer he should find
eighteen, she was asked to leave, so she packed her someone to marry her or even marry her himself. Ruth
few belongings in an old suitcase and departed. How- may not have understood why Naomi gave all the in-
ever, the God she served did not let her down. Before structions she did, but she promised to do as she was
long, she had the opportunity to live in a Christian told (verse 5).
home — the home of Florence Crawford, the founder At the threshing floor, the kernels of grain were
of the Apostolic Faith Church. She said, “My joy was separated from the outside shell (chaff). To accom-
almost more than I could contain.” plish this, the harvested stalks were crushed by oxen
Later she married Florence Crawford’s son, Ray- or by beating on them, and then the grain was win-
mond, who succeeded his mother in the leadership nowed (thrown up so the chaff blew away and the
of the church. Even though this young woman faced grain fell to the ground). By threshing at night, these
distressing circumstances and had to leave her fam- men took advantage of the evening breezes and also
ily, she had joy and rest in her soul. She had found the were then free to harvest during the day. Owners spent
Redeemer.1 the night to ensure honesty and also to be there when
Ruth also faced difficult situations. She forsook their turns came to use the floor.
her family, her homeland, and the Moabite gods in The uncovering of the feet of Boaz (Ruth 3:7) was
order to follow the true God. Ruth did this with her a morally acceptable custom that alerted the woman’s
whole heart, never looking back. By leaving her old kinsman to the fact that she sought his protection. The
friends and life, she found a new place with the people word “covering” is the translation of the same Hebrew
of God, and she was able to receive the redemption word that refers to the “wings” of God. Boaz was the
offered by Boaz as a near kinsman, and ultimately son of Rahab, the harlot from Jericho (Matthew 1:5).
spiritual redemption by the Lord. In today’s text, Ruth He was from the tribe of Judah, a wealthy farmer and
presented herself to Boaz as a humble petitioner. She an honorable man. He was a man of his word, sensi-
diligently followed Naomi’s instructions and laid tive to those in need, and cared for his workers. He
herself at his feet. As a result, she found rest and pro- was also surprised to find a woman at his feet!
tection. Verse 10 indicates that Boaz was a number of
In the same way, we are to follow the instruc- years older than Ruth, and verse 11 shows that she
tions of the Holy Spirit. By faith, we should lay our- had a reputation of being virtuous. Boaz’s response
selves at the feet of Jesus Christ. The Spirit invites us could indicate that he had given some thought to the
to this position of protection and rest when He says, kinsman matter, because he knew already that there
“Come.” We, too, are to turn away from anything was someone with a closer relationship. He promised
or anyone that would hinder us from fully follow- to take immediate action, and sent Ruth home with a
ing God. Through Jesus we find a new life and great large gift.
reward, for He is the one who saves us from the old Boaz’s redemption of Ruth was a picture of the
path of sin. True rest is found only at the feet of the redemption price Jesus paid for us, since we cannot
Redeemer. pay it ourselves.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

III. Ruth’s appeal (3:1-18)

A. The plan of Naomi for Ruth’s security
(3:1-5)
B. The request of Ruth for Boaz to act as a
kinsman-redeemer (3:6-15)
1. The request of Ruth (3:6-13)
2. The gift for Ruth (3:14-15)
C. The report to Naomi (3:16-18)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What gift did Boaz give Ruth before she left the
threshing floor? CONCLUSION
Boaz, Ruth, and Naomi knew it was the Lord who
cared for them, guided them, and redeemed them. He
was their rest. Jesus Christ extends a personal invita-
tion to every person to enjoy the rest that only He can
give. Have you found His rest?

NOTES
2. What blessings did Ruth enjoy because she fol-
lowed Naomi’s instructions?

3. How has Christ acted as your Redeemer? What

blessings has that brought into your life?

1. Tract 33: Teenager Overcomes Persecution.

 DAYBREAK
Ruth 4:1-22

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS The Hebrew word ga’al is translated as kinsman

in most of the account. Some translators have used
“And the women said unto Naomi, Blessed be the the phrase “kinsman-redeemer” to show the fullness
Lord, which hath not left thee this day without a of the Hebrew meaning. Others have simply used
kinsman, that his name may be famous in Israel.” the word redeemer in places. This act of redemption
(Ruth 4:14) took on several forms: marrying a kinsman’s widow,
freeing family members from bondage, purchasing a
Some years ago, while spending time with some mortgaged piece of family property, and avenging the
close friends, I heard the father ask his teenage daugh- loss of family. It is interesting to note in this chapter
ter a question before she left with friends for the eve- that the nearest kinsman is not named, while Boaz,
ning. “What is your name?” She dutifully responded Ruth, Naomi, and Obed are all named, thus giving
with a wide smile and the word “Olson,” which was them honor for their faithfulness in following God’s
their family surname. As she turned to leave, the fa- plan.
ther cheerfully reminded her, “Don’t forget.” What The elders’ blessing equating Ruth with Rachel
was this father’s point? He wanted his daughter to and Leah, alludes to her inclusion in the lineage of
remember that what she did reflected on their whole Jacob/Israel. Their mention of the children of Tamar
family. My spouse and I were so impressed with this (who was also a Gentile) shows their understanding
exchange that we began to ask the same question of the ridicule and curse which followed the failure
of our growing children whenever they were going to raise children to maintain the inheritance within a
somewhere beyond our direct influence. family unit within Israel.
Our name often defines our past and affects our
future. Sometimes film stars adopt new names. Busi- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
nesses spend millions to find and then promote just
the right name for a new product. Consider the child IV. Ruth’s reward (4:1-22)
in our text, Obed, whose name means “serving.” Why A. The redemption of Ruth by Boaz (4:1-12)
did his name become important? 1. The option of the nearest kinsman
Obed’s name was known in the land of Israel be- (4:1-5)
cause of the faithfulness of his father Boaz to redeem 2. The refusal of the nearest kinsman
Ruth. Obed’s birth restored a name for his mother (4:6-8)
Ruth and grandmother Naomi. He was the one who 3. The redemption by Boaz (4:9-12)
became the continuing link between his ancestral fa- B. The marriage and prodigy of Ruth and Boaz
ther Judah and Israel’s King David. Perhaps his par- (4:13-17)
ents and grandmother at times reminded him that his C. The genealogy of David (4:18-22)
actions would reflect on the family’s reputation.
A CLOSER LOOK
God offers us a name as one of His children
through Jesus Christ. Through Jesus, redemption has 1. What connection was there between David, the
been made available to all humanity. It was through most famous king of Israel, and Obed?
His faithfulness that we have been called into the
“family of God” and have been included as a part of
His lineage. We should remember each day that our
actions will reflect on His Name and family.
BACKGROUND 2. What is significant about King David having a
The city gate was the business center. Merchants Moabite among his ancestors?
sold near the gate, and official business was trans-
acted. Since those entering or exiting the city came
through the city gate, it was easy to find ten witnesses.
On this particular day, the other kinsman himself
came by, and Boaz called him to discuss the redemp-
tion business before the elders, thus opening the way
for his own offer of redemption to Ruth and Naomi.
3. Did Boaz consider his role as kinsman-redeemer CONCLUSION
a privilege or obligation? Why? How can this be ap-
When someone asks you, “What is your name?”
plied to our Kinsman-Redeemer, Jesus Christ?
will your answer include the family name, “Chris-
tian?” Will your life support the claim that you have
been redeemed by Jesus Christ and are now living a
life by His power and for His glory?
NOTES

4. Why is it important for us to be faithful as Boaz

was?
 DAYBREAK
Section Introduction

Overview for 1 Samuel

Purpose: The two Books of Samuel, together with and kept by scribes, and these records became the prin-
Joshua, Judges, and the two Books of Kings, offer a cipal authorities from which historical works were
history of God’s providential dealings with His people. established.
The Book of 1 Samuel records the life of Samuel, the An example of historical documentation is in
first prominent person in the history of the monarchy; 1 Samuel 10:25, where it said that Samuel wrote a
the reign and decline of Saul, the first king; and the se- book descriptive of the manner of the kingdom; he
lection and preparation of David, Israel’s greatest king. may also have written other books. Most of the ac-
Author: Unknown, but some think Samuel had much counts and descriptive narratives may be the accounts
to do with the compiling of information later put in this of eyewitnesses. These were written down by the inspi-
book. Some have suggested that Nathan’s son Zabud ration of the Spirit of God, so that the finished product
may have been the author (1 Kings 4:5). The book also was neither strictly history nor biography, but the liv-
includes the writings of Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles ing Word of God.
29:29). The Book of 1 Samuel is divided into three main
sections: the history of Samuel (I Samuel 1-12), the
Date Written: The exact date is unknown, though a history of Saul (I Samuel 9-31), and the beginning and
general time frame can be made based on internal evi- early life of David (I Samuel 16-31). It is a book of
dence. Samuel was born prior to 1100 B.C., during the both great beginnings and tragic endings.
Philistine oppression. Eli was judge and priest at the time of Samuel’s
Setting: The Book of 1 Samuel describes Israel’s tran- early years and had ruled for forty years. However,
sition from a theocracy (led by God) to a monarchy he was a careless father and did not correct his sons,
(led by a king). It was a time of spiritual degradation, who were also priests. Their immorality and corruption
when every man did what was “. . . right in his own brought the downfall of Eli’s house. Eli’s death marked
eyes” (Judges 17:6). The cycles of sin, oppression, re- the decline of the priesthood, and the rise of the proph-
pentance, and deliverance were escalating into a deadly ets in Israel.
spin to destruction. Samuel was God’s man of the hour, Samuel, who was dedicated by his mother to God’s
and he led the people through this time of transition. service, became one of Israel’s greatest prophets. He
was a man who was closely in touch with God — a
Key People: Eli, Hannah, Samuel, Saul, Jonathan, spiritual leader who completed the work of the judges,
and David. initiated the school of the prophets, and anointed Isra-
Summary: In the Hebrew, the manuscripts forming el’s first kings.
1 and 2 Samuel are one book. The book was separated Saul, God’s choice as Israel’s first king, started
into two volumes by the Septuagint translators, later well — humility, leadership, and bravery marked his
adopted in the Vulgate translation, and was first trans- early reign. However, he disobeyed God, became jeal-
lated in the Hebrew Bibles at Venice in 1518. The divi- ous of David, and finally had his kingship removed
sion between the books was appropriately made at the from him by God.
death of Saul, which was a turning point in the history The early years of David occurred during the reign
of Israel. of Saul. A man who followed God, David ministered
The books bear many evidences of being compiled to Saul, and became a great and acclaimed warrior. His
from pre-existing documents. History was documented story is continued in the Book of 2 Samuel.
Timeline Many of these dates are approximate, as reference materials differ.

Judges Samuel Saul Saul David The

begin is born is born is made is made kingdom
to rule 1105 1080 king king of is divided
1375 B.C. 1050 Israel 930
1003
David David Solomon
is born is made is made
1040 king of king
Judah 970
1010
T h e D a y s o f t h e J u d g e s David is
anointed;
Goliath
is killed
1025

Outline Hannah’s Bible Outlines used by permission per WORDsearch.

A complete amplified outline of this book is available on our website at www.apostolicfaith.org.

I. The judgeship of Samuel (1:1 — 7:17)

A. The birth and parentage of Samuel (1:1 — 2:10)
B. The call of Samuel (2:11 — 3:21)
C. The deliverance by Samuel (4:1 — 7:17)
II. The reign of Saul (8:1 — 31:13)
A. The rise of King Saul (8:1 — 15:35)
B. The decline of King Saul and the rise of David (16:1 — 31:13)
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 1:1-28

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS her promise to God and the whole land of Israel was
blessed through the leadership of her son, Samuel.
“And she said, Let thine handmaid find grace in Today we can benefit from her example of doing what
thy sight. So the woman went her way, and did we know we need to do, even though we may have to
eat, and her countenance was no more sad.” sacrifice.
(1 Samuel 1:18)
BACKGROUND
During World War II, a dreaded message came to Eli, the High Priest who saw Hannah praying for
my mother-in-law — her son was missing in action! a son, also served as a judge during his tenure. How-
Later they would learn he was actually a prisoner of ever, at this time in his life, Eli was not obeying the
war. My father-in-law immediately thought the very Levitical standards as closely as when he assumed his
worst — George would never come home! The fam- role of priest.
ily remembers, however, that their mother did not Hannah shared her husband, Elkanah, with his
despair. She and her older sister prayed and read the other wife, Peninnah. Jewish law did not forbid po-
Bible, finding God’s great comfort in Psalm 18, espe- lygamy, but it was not part of God’s original plan; His
cially verses 27-30. She didn’t talk about the situation plan was one woman, married to one man, for a life-
a lot, but quietly went about her duties, tending the time. Elkanah was faithful in taking his family to the
family and keeping an attitude of prayer. “house of the Lord,” which may also be referred to as
After fourteen months under terrible prison con- “the temple,” God’s “habitation,” or “the tabernacle of
ditions, her son, along with other captured pilots, the congregation.”
returned to their loved ones. She gave God the glory Under the Mosaic Law, any person making a vow
for his return. From the time they were born, she was bound by God to perform what he or she had ut-
was rearing her children with prayers and a hope that tered. Only under very specific circumstances could
they would serve God and lead honorable lives. Her a vow be disallowed, as in the case of a husband (or
prayers followed them, and their children, all the days father  if a woman was unmarried) disallowing his
of her life. She reminded me of Hannah, who poured wife’s vow. In the day that he heard about it, if the
out her soul before the Lord, then went her way, and husband held his peace, the vow remained in effect
her countenance was no more sad. and the wife had to perform what was promised. If
Each year when Elkanah made the trip to Shi- the husband chose to disallow the vow, the wife was
loh to worship and offer sacrifices, Hannah would released from it and the Lord would forgive her. (See
have to endure antagonizing remarks from Peninnah Numbers 30:2-13.)
(Elkanah’s other wife) about her inability to conceive It is unclear if or when Elkanah learned of his
a child (verse 6). She longed to have children of her wife Hannah’s vow to give Samuel “unto the Lord
own, so the pain in watching Elkanah with the chil- all the days of his life.” However, verses 22 and 23
dren of his other wife must have been felt deeply. indicate that he did not resist Hannah when she told
Through it all, she remembered that she was the him of her desire for Samuel to “abide forever” in the
“handmaid” or servant of the Lord. house of the Lord. Considering that Samuel would be
Hannah poured out her heart to God before she his firstborn son of a wife he loved, this shows conse-
voiced her petition to Eli, the priest. When she dedi- cration on his part as well as Hannah’s.
cated her unborn son to God, she was consecrating
her own heart and motherly instincts as well. She was AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

trusting God without compromise for Samuel’s future. I. The judgeship of Samuel
After all, conditions at the Tabernacle had deteriorated A. The birth and parentage of Samuel
due to Eli’s refusal to deal with his immoral sons, 1. The ancestry of Samuel (1:1)
Hophni and Phinehas. As an honest follower of God, 2. The barrenness of Hannah (1:2-8)
Hannah knew that she needed to pay the vow she had 3. The prayer of Hannah (1:9-18)
made to God. a. The vow (1:9-11)
Hannah is mentioned again in chapter 2 but then b. The blessing of Eli (1:12-18)
we hear of her no more. Although she has just a brief 4. The birth of Samuel (1:19-20)
appearance in Scripture, one thing is sure — she kept 5. The dedication of Samuel (1:21-28)
A CLOSER LOOK CONCLUSION
1. Why was Hannah so distressed during the journey, Adversity often allows us to see our great need of
and also at the temple in Shiloh? God’s grace and strength. As we determine to allow
God to work in our lives, and faithfully bring our peti-
tions before Him, there will come a deep-settled peace
and assurance that He will hear and answer.
NOTES

2. The name “Hannah” means “woman of grace.”

How do you think Hannah exemplified her name?

3. How have times of deep distress brought you closer

to God?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 2:1-36

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS and endurance. Maybe today you are facing an espe-
cially challenging situation. Put your trust in God and
“And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour grow stronger in Him!
both with the Lord, and also with men.”
BACKGROUND
(1 Samuel 2:26)
This chapter is one that may be overlooked in the
The mighty oak tree stands tall as an example of account of Samuel’s early years. Chapter 1 records
strength and endurance. Few trees have a greater geo- Hannah’s vow to God and Samuel’s birth. Chapter 3
graphical range than the oak; its nearly 300 species tells of God’s call to Samuel in the night. Tucked
grow all across Europe and northern America. The between these two chapters, however, are clues to
oak may reach heights of sixty to one hundred feet, Samuel’s eventual call by God: his faithfulness to
and acquire a diameter of eight to ten feet. serve, and his spiritual growth as he served. The word
However, the single mark of supremacy which minister (used in verses 11 and 18) in the original lan-
distinguishes the oak from any other tree in the forest guage means “to serve.”
is its ability to defy gravity. Most trees grow primar- This chapter opens with Hannah’s song. Hannah
ily in a vertical direction, thus minimizing the pull had just brought Samuel to the house of the Lord in
of gravity. But the oak not only grows vertically but obedience to her promise to the Lord for giving her a
also spreads its limbs horizontally for fifty or sixty son. The song is one of the earliest and most stirring
feet, so the forces of gravity are greater. Few woods poems in the Old Testament. It describes the attributes
are so durable under all circumstances, so the oak has of God such as holiness, strength, knowledge, and dis-
had a wide variety of uses. It was a favorite wood of cernment. It speaks of how God deals with mankind
the Greeks and Romans for ship building. The Anglo- and how His judgment is supreme. Hannah’s song
Saxons used the wood for church building. The tree is so messianic in character that Mary, the mother of
was also used as a mold for smeltering cannons. Jesus, incorporated it into her own song of triumph
In our text today, we see Samuel growing strong in which she praised God for choosing her to be the
before the Lord, even in difficult circumstances. It mother of Jesus.
is not uncommon to struggle spiritually when times Eli’s sons, Hophni and Phinehas, did not know
are hard. Some people blame their lack of spiritual the Lord and were very evil. They stole offerings from
growth and maturity on these circumstances or their the people of Israel to use for themselves, and even
environment — placing the blame on others. Samuel committed sexual sins with women who came to the
provides the example that one can grow spiritually Tabernacle. Eli chastised his sons for their actions but
in spite of one’s circumstances. Eli’s sons had turned they refused to listen to him, so judgment was proph-
away from God and were committing sin in the house esied against Eli as well as his sons. A prophecy was
of the Lord, and against the people who came to wor- also given that God would raise up a man to be the
ship. In the midst of this hardship and wrongdoing, faithful priest in the house of the Lord forever. This
we read that Samuel ministered unto the Lord. Samuel prophecy was partially fulfilled in Zadoc, of the fam-
apparently had a desire to do whatever the Lord want- ily of Eleazar, in the beginning of Solomon’s reign
ed him to do, and he did it with all of his heart despite (see Ezekiel 40:46). The ultimate fulfillment of this
the circumstances or environment he was in. In verse prophecy is found in the priesthood of Jesus, the mer-
21, we read how he grew before the Lord. In our fo- ciful and faithful High Priest.
cus verse we read he “grew on, and was in favour
both with the Lord, and also with men.” He became
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

spiritually strong as he continued to serve the Lord. I. The judgeship of Samuel

This strength was recognized by the Lord and those A. The birth and parentage of Samuel
who came to the temple to worship. 6. The song of Hannah (2:1-10)
If we serve the Lord with all our hearts, despite a. Praise for Jehovah’s person (2:1-3)
how hard our circumstances or environmental condi- b. Praise for Jehovah’s power (2:4-8)
tions are, we will find ourselves growing spiritually. c. Praise for prophetic assurances
Like the mighty oak, we can resist the downward (2:9-10)
pull of “gravity” found in the influences of the world. B. The call of Samuel
With God’s help we can be an example of strength 1. The failure of Eli’s house (2:11-36)
 a. The presence of Samuel at Shiloh
(2:11)
3. What are three steps we can take in our personal
b. The degeneracy of Eli’s sons
lives that will encourage spiritual growth?
(2:12-17)
c. The blessing upon Elkanah and
Hannah (2:18-21)
d. The warning of Eli to his sons
(2:22-26)
e. The prophecy against Eli’s house
(2:27-36)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What was the custom for the sacrifice offering?
What does the text say about the sins of Eli’s sons?

CONCLUSION
Mature oak trees are not produced overnight, and
neither are servants of God. Keep serving God faith-
fully with all your heart, and see if you don’t find
yourself growing spiritually!

NOTES
2. Why do you think Eli was also judged for the sins
of his sons?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 3:1-21

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS be a “Samuel” today, listening and answering God’s

call, telling the world there is salvation and eternal
“And the Lord came, and stood, and called as life through the Savior of the world.
at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel
BACKGROUND
answered, Speak; for thy servant heareth.”
(1 Samuel 3:10) Samuel started his ministry under Eli’s guidance.
This was a dark time in the history of the Tabernacle
My two youngest daughters enjoy using the com- worship. Eli was the high priest, but he did nothing
puter to talk online with their friends. Whenever a to restrain the behaviors of his two sons, even though
call comes on our phone line and my daughters are he knew that they were desecrating the Tabernacle.
using the Internet, the name and number of who is Weak leadership often leads to moral decay as evi-
calling pops up on the computer screen. They have denced in the lives of Eli’s sons and the people of
the choice at this time to accept the call and get off Israel, who apparently also worshipped idols at this
line to answer it, or to ignore the call and continue time. Most seemed uninterested in God or His mes-
talking with their friends. Often, from what I have sages to them.
heard, they choose not to answer the phone. When Verse 7 says, “Samuel did not yet know the
confronted about this, they will usually say that they Lord.” This means he did not yet have the experience
did not know the caller. The screen had told them the of receiving God’s Word. When God called, Samuel
caller’s name was “unavailable.” did not recognize that he was hearing the voice of
In today’s text, Samuel did not know what the God. After hearing his name called for the third time
call of God sounded like nor “was the word of the and running to Eli, Eli understood that something
Lord yet revealed unto him” (verse 7). Still he an- great was happening and helped shape Samuel’s an-
swered, running to Eli the priest when he heard his swer for when God called again.
name called, thinking that Eli had called him. As we Eli was 98 years old at this time and almost
see in verse 19, Samuel grew and the Lord was with blind. He lived in a room next to the sanctuary.
him because he responded to God’s call. Samuel is thought to have been about twelve years
In the world today, God calls Christians to be old when the Lord called him. He slept near where
His messengers. Maybe they will not hear an audible the Lamp and the Ark of God were kept. The Lamp
voice as Samuel did, but their calling is just as real. in the sanctuary was supposed to burn continually,
Some may be called to preach or to minister to the not just during the night, and it was Samuel’s job
sick. Others may be called to share their testimony to see that it stayed lit. Because of this as well as
with a neighbor or relative. Some may be called to Samuel’s ministry in the Tabernacle, there was still
give their time to writing a message of salvation and a divine presence in Israel.
hope to those in need. It is interesting to note that God chose to tell
Regretfully, some choose to ignore God’s call. Samuel His message, rather than the high priest.
They may rationalize that they want to do something Eli then had to seek God’s message from the child,
different or less demanding. As a result, they miss Samuel. The phrase in verse 20, “all Israel from Dan
out on wonderful blessings the Lord wanted to give even to Beer-sheba,” referred to the widespread repu-
them. Because of their disobedience, they also put tation that Samuel was developing. Dan was the far-
themselves in grave danger of missing Heaven and thest north of the provinces, while Beer-sheba was
eternal life. the southernmost territory, thus giving a visual of the
Like Samuel, we, too, can have the reputation far-reaching effects Samuel had in the land.
among those who know us that we are the Lord’s. As
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
we endeavor to hear the Lord’s voice in this noisy
world, He will be faithful to guide our lives and to I. The judgeship of Samuel
make us a blessing to those around us. B. The call of Samuel
May we always listen for the Lord’s voice and 2. The summons of Samuel (3:1-21)
be quick to answer, no matter what His message is. a. The call to Samuel (3:1-9)
As we heed God’s call, others may feel inspired to b. The word to Samuel (3:10-15)
follow our example. Many souls could be won for c. The words related to Eli (3:16-18)
God’s kingdom as a result of our decision. Let’s each d. The fame of Samuel (3:19-21)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did Samuel do when he first heard the voice
of the Lord?

CONCLUSION
Many times it may seem easier to ignore God’s
message and continue on with what we are doing or
“sleep” through it. We may ignore a phone call once
2. Why did Eli respond with acceptance and offer no in a while, a call to dinner because we are working, or
excuses when Samuel told him what the Lord had a call to do something we don’t have time for, but let’s
said? always keep our hearts tuned for the call of God!

NOTES

3. How might the Lord call us today? Is it in a differ-

ent way than He called Samuel?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 4:1-22

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS their faith in the Ark was misplaced. They lost thirty
thousand footmen, and the enemy captured the Ark.
“And when the people were come into the camp, God requires obedience, submission, and heart
the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the Lord purity. A “good-luck” letter will not stop a vessel
smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let us from breaking apart in rough seas. Neither did the
fetch the ark of the covenant of the Lord out of Ark of the Covenant prevent God from pronouncing
Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it judgment upon sins. If we are covered by the Blood
may save us out of the hand of our enemies.” of Jesus Christ, we can fully trust in God for daily
(1 Samuel 4:3) victories.

A while back, my mother gave me a letter she had BACKGROUND

copied more than fifty years ago. It was called, “Our The Ark of the Covenant, in which Israel had
Saviour’s Letter.” Some of its contents stated that if placed their trust, was a beautifully-constructed box
the commandments were observed, many blessings that Moses had built following God’s instructions.
would be received. If a woman in childbirth had a The Ark was constructed of a wood called eron
copy of this letter about her, she would safely deliver (in Hebrew), but more commonly known as acacia.
her child. Any seagoing vessel having a copy of this It measured five spans; a span being the distance be-
letter on board would not be lost. The original writer tween the tip of the thumb and the tip of the little
of the letter stated that it had been written by our finger fully extended; generally accepted to be nine
Blessed Lord Jesus and had been found under a stone inches. The breadth and height were three spans each.
eighteen miles from Jerusalem, sixty-eight years after A lid was attached with gold hinges. Two golden rings
His crucifixion. I was told that over the years, this let- were attached to each of the longer boards, and passed
ter had been kept as a good luck letter, and my mother through the entire box. Gilt bars passed along each
was told that if this letter were kept in the house, there board through the rings, to enable the priests to carry
was no danger of the house burning. In fact, it was it on their shoulders. On the lid were two images,
just a piece of paper with words written on it, and it which were called cherubims. The entire Ark was
had no power at all. overlaid inside and out with pure gold so the wood
Similarly, I have heard of others carrying a New was not seen.
Testament in a shirt pocket for good luck. While keep- The things that God wanted kept in the Ark were:
ing a Bible close by is good, unless it is read and prac- the two tables of stone upon which the Ten Com-
ticed it will not keep individuals safe or bring good mandments were written, Aaron’s rod that budded,
fortune. True security is not in possessing a letter or and shewbread.
even a Bible; true security is in having faith in the liv- God had told Samuel about the impending demise
ing God to provide, protect, and bless our lives. of Eli and his two evil sons. As Hophni and Phinehas
The Children of Israel had been defeated by the retrieved the Ark and went forward in battle, they
Philistines, and in the process had lost four thousand were fulfilling the very words God had spoken to
men. This loss was due to Israel’s disobedience to Samuel — that He would bring down Eli’s house and
God. Instead of searching their hearts and confess- the iniquity would not be purged either with sacrifice
ing their sins, the elders believed that if they had the or offering. Eli, his two sons, and his daughter-in-law
Ark of the Covenant in their possession, it would save all died that day.
them from the enemy. Actually, they were merely at- Generally Israel’s enemies were the aggressors,
tempting to use God to accomplish their own purpose. determined to defeat them before anything was start-
In order to move the Ark from one location to an- ed. This was one of the times Israel took the initiative
other, it had to be carried upon the shoulders of four and went out against the enemy. Ebenezer was located
priests. Eli’s two wicked sons were sent to fetch the about three miles east of Aphek, where the Philistines
Ark from Shiloh and bring it to their battlefield. God were camped.
will not be used to fulfill selfish purposes of sinful
people. The Children of Israel were looking to the AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Ark of the Covenant to save them, like people trusting I. The judgeship of Samuel
good-luck charms. Possessing a symbol of God does C. The deliverance by Samuel
not ensure His presence or power. Needless to say, 1. The defeat of Israel
 a. The judgment upon Eli’s house
(4:1-22)
(1) The historical setting (4:1-4)
(2) The death of Eli’s sons
(4:5-11)
(3) The death of Eli (4:12-18)
(4) The birth of Ichabod (4:19-22)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What happened to Eli after he was told the Ark had
been captured?
CONCLUSION
A person who has his heart covered by Jesus’
Blood has the greatest protection afforded to mankind.
Such a person has no need of a good-luck charm.
NOTES

2. What should Israel have done after losing the first

battle with the Philistines?

3. Name three specific instances in your life that have

caused you to have confidence in God?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 5:1 through 6:21

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS two priests to carry it out before them. God had set
in place rules regarding how the Ark would be trans-
“And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, ported, and this involved four priests, not two. These
they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not two priests, Hophni and Phinehas, were the evil sons
abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and of Eli. They believed that the Ark was the winner of
upon Dagon our god.” (1 Samuel 5:7) wars, rather than God, whose glory was represented by
the Ark. Therefore, Israel lost the battle and the Ark.
After an introductory period as a substitute The Philistines were not unfamiliar with the God
bus driver, I was given my first regular school bus of the Israelites. They had heard stories of the Israel-
route — the notorious Route B-18. My initiation to ites escape from Egypt and their crossing of the Red
the hazards of this route was not long in coming. One Sea. They were aware of the power of God. When
evening, a veritable snowstorm of paper balls was they heard the noise the Israelites made when the Ark
unleashed throughout the length of the bus. If you had entered into the camp, they were afraid, but they chal-
been there, you might almost have thought the situa- lenged themselves and chose to fight diligently. The
tion was funny — if you weren’t the one who had to result was that they killed thirty thousand Israelites
clean up afterward. I counted over one hundred wad- and captured the Ark of the Covenant.
ded up eight-and-one-half by eleven sheets. The Philistines often brought the spoils of war to
Several factors put me at a disadvantage: As the their temple as an offering to their god. Accordingly,
driver, I had my back toward the students and had to they placed the Ark in the temple of Dagon, in the city
rely on the occasional glimpse in the rearview mir- of Ashdod. Dagon was the Philistines’ primary god.
ror to monitor the situation. Also, when many kids Today, the image of Dagon might be referred to as a
are involved, you can’t just pick out a few individuals mermaid, with the upper body and head of a woman
and reprimand them. Since I was new, I did not know and the lower part a fish.
the students by name. Finally, even if I had been able At this time, the Philistines had five capital cit-
to identify specific individuals, the discipline options ies — Gath, Ekron, Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Gaza — and
open to me were few and tended to be rather slow in each city had a “lord.” The Ark was taken to three of
developing. these cities, and judgment came on the people in these
The Philistines initially viewed God in much the places. Bible scholars feel the plague may have been
same way as my riders viewed me: having some pow- the bubonic plague, perhaps spread by rats or mice.
er but fairly remote. God, however, left the Philistines The “trespass offering,” which the Philistines
with no doubt as to who was responsible for their trou- made to stop the judgment, was typical of how they
bles and that He was not inhibited by any restrictions. would have tried to pacify their gods when they
He let them know that His Ark did not belong beside thought they were angry. They incorporated another
their idol Dagon. They viewed the Ark like a pagan test to confirm whether or not Israel’s God had really
idol. Then they found it was more — it represented the sent the plagues. Only God could cause cows to leave
God who had power over Dagon. their newborn calves and go in another direction.
Today, people need to be keenly aware that the Beth-shemesh was a priestly city, and the men
true and living God does not suffer from any limita- there should have treated the Ark according to God’s
tions. God sees everything that we do regardless of directions. Because some looked into it, judgment fell
where we are or who we are with. Furthermore, He on them also.
has the power to control every circumstance. Although
His judgment may not always be as swift as it was
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

for the Philistines, He is just, and His judgment will I. The judgeship of Samuel
come. Ultimately, He will assist and defend His own C. The deliverance by Samuel
children. 1. The defeat of Israel
b. The capture of the Ark
BACKGROUND (1) The judgment upon the
The Israelites had gone to war with the Philistines Philistines (5:1-12)
without the blessing of God. They lost four thousand (a) Upon their god, Dagon
men. Instead of beseeching God to go before them, (5:1-5)
they arrogantly sent for the Ark of the Covenant and (b) Upon the people (5:6-12)
 (2) The return of the Ark 3. How would you behave differently in your every-
(a) The counsel of the day life if you believed someone was watching?
Philistines (6:1-9)
(b) The Ark at Bethshemesh
(6:10-21)
[1] The return of the Ark
(6:10-16)
[2] The symbols in the
Ark (6:17-18)
[3] The judgment
because of the Ark
(6:19-21)

A CLOSER LOOK
1. How many city-states comprised the land of the CONCLUSION
Philistines? We want to remember the importance of showing
reverence to God and His power. The primary way to
do this is by living a life of obedience to Him.
NOTES

2. Why did God send such severe judgment upon

Beth-shemesh?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 7:1-17

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between The departure of the Ark of the Lord, captured by
Mizpeh and Shen, and called the name of it the Philistines in battle, signified that God had forsak-
Ebenezer, saying, Hitherto hath the Lord helped en the people of Israel and would not help them. The
us.” (1 Samuel 7:12) Philistines quickly learned that the presence of God’s
Ark was not compatible with their idolatrous ways,
You have probably seen signs along highways that and in time, they voluntarily returned it to Israel. The
say, “Historical Marker ¼ mile ahead.” The purpose Ark eventually was taken to Kirjath-jearim, where it
of a historical marker is to point out a particular place was put in the care of Abinadab and Eleazar and re-
where some significant event transpired, and to give mained there until King David brought it to Jerusalem
a mini-history lesson. Something worth remembering (2 Samuel 6).
happened at that place. Having spent twenty years in a state of defeat and
We need to have spiritual historical markers —  subjugation, the Israelites realized that they were in a
landmarks that we can look back to when we are fac- pathetic condition. With the help of Samuel who ex-
ing spiritual battles. The experience of salvation is horted and prayed for them, Israel turned back to the
such a marker; sometimes people say, “I could take Lord. The nation repented and destroyed the idols. In
you to the very place where God saved me.” One man the Canaanite religion, Baal was the son of Dagon,
in our congregation testifies, “In the tabernacle, right and the chief god. Baalim is the plural form of Baal,
under the flagpole, that was my spot.” Receiving sanc- which indicates there were many statues of Baal at
tification and the baptism of the Holy Ghost are also different places.
landmarks in a Christian’s life. Israel recommitted themselves to the Lord. Their
Additionally, we need to have faith landmarks, confession, “We have sinned against the Lord” (verse
times when God worked for us personally. When our 6) was crucial to God working for them. The glory of
son was a senior in high school, God made it possible God returned to Israel. The power of God was once
for him to have a job-school arrangement that was more upon the people, and they regularly gathered to-
different from any others in his school. His counselor gether to worship Him.
said, “I have never heard of this being done here be- The Philistines heard that the Israelites were
fore.” We told our son that her comment was an ad- gathering, and waged war against Israel. At this time,
ditional confirmation sent by the Lord, so that when Israel did not have a standing army (a permanent
the enemy came and said the circumstances “just hap- army maintained in peacetime as well as war). Samuel
pened,” we would have that verification of the mira- and the people called upon the Lord, and God thun-
cle. That experience has been a reminder to our family dered on the Philistines, causing them confusion, and
that God can do the impossible. giving Israel a miraculous victory.
You and your family may have similar stories of The meaning of Ebenezer is “stone of help.” It
times when the Lord helped financially, gave miracu- was placed as a memorial to remind Israel that they
lous healing, or protected from danger. Some people had only received victory because God had helped
write these experiences down to help preserve the them. This memorial is referenced in the old hymn,
landmark. Come, Thou Fount, by Robert Robinson, when it says,
In our focus verse, Samuel established a histori- “Here I raise mine Ebenezer; hither by Thy help I’m
cal marker. He had Israel put up a memorial to com- come.”
memorate the great victory that the Lord had won for Samuel was the last of Israel’s judges. He was
them. They called it Ebenezer and said that the Lord also a prophet, a priest, and a ruler. It appears that al-
had helped them to that point. most single-handedly, through God’s help, he was in-
We can benefit from the example of the Israelites. strumental in this national revival and in educating the
Just as they established physical landmarks, let us people again in God’s laws.
make certain we establish spiritual landmarks. Then,
if we take time to review them periodically, our faith AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

will increase in God who performed these miracles in I. The judgeship of Samuel
our behalf. C. The deliverance by Samuel
 1. The defeat of Israel
b. The capture of the Ark
(2) The return of the Ark
(c) The Ark at Kirjath-jearim
(7:1-2)
2. The victory of Israel (7:3-17)
a. Samuel’s promise of deliverance
(7:3-4) 4. How can you preserve accounts of the extraordi-
b. The defeat of the Philistines nary helps that the Lord has given you so you can
(7:5-14) pass them on to your family and friends?
c. Samuel’s ministry summarized
(7:15-17)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did Samuel tell the Israelites to do if they
were serious about serving God?

CONCLUSION
God is our Helper. As long as we maintain our
loyalty to Him and stay within His will, we can expect
2. What do you think Israel expected would happen to have victories that will cause us to praise Him for
when they asked Samuel to pray for them as they His supernatural works.
faced the Philistines?
NOTES

3. What lessons can we learn from the way God

helped Israel when they returned to the Lord?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 8:1-22

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS a transition between the era of the judges and the be-
ginning of the monarchy.
“And the Lord said unto Samuel, Hearken unto Samuel had judged Israel well, saved them from
the voice of the people in all that they say unto the Philistines, and led them back to God. However,
thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have by this time he was an old man, and the Children of
rejected me, that I should not reign over them.” Israel did not want another judge. Instead, they de-
(1 Samuel 8:7) manded to be given a king to judge them and lead
them in battle (verse 20), so they could be like the na-
Our pastor tells of a time when he was applying tions around them.
for a different employment position, one that he really God knew that Israel would someday want a king,
wanted. He had been interviewed, and it seemed that and so through Moses gave directions regarding that
he was going to be awarded this job. As he was driv- time (Deuteronomy 17:14-20). Even before that, God
ing to what he expected would be the final interview, had told Abraham and Jacob that their descendents
he prayed, “Lord, You know that I really want this would include kings (Genesis 17:6; 35:11). In his
job. I want it so much that I am not sure if I can truly final days, Jacob had said, “the scepter shall not de-
see Your will. Please help me! If this position is not part from Judah” (Genesis 49:10). God wanted these
Your will for me, please close the opportunity.” He did changes to come at His timing and instigation, but Is-
not get the job, and he was disappointed at the time. rael was determined to have a king and refused to wait
However, within a year that company was no longer on God’s timing.
in business. He had proved, once again, that following At God’s instruction, Samuel warned them, care-
God is the best plan. fully explaining the negative consequences of such a
Though most of us know that principle in our choice. He said the king would:
heads, sometimes when we want something badly, we • Take their children to serve in the palace and
may be tempted to press God to give us our way. The army
Lord has a particular plan for each of our lives, but • Take the best of their grains, grapes, olives, and
He can only direct us on an individual basis if we are animals
willing to do what He says. If we are determined to • Demand slave labor
have our own way, He may allow that — granting His • Tax them
permissive will — but it will not be to our advantage. These predictions were fulfilled, especially in the time
God’s plans for us are the best, and we cannot improve of Solomon’s reign.
upon them by pushing for our own ways. In spite of the warnings, Israel insisted on a king.
In our text today, the Children of Israel determined Their rejection was not of Samuel, but rather of God,
to have a king. They pressed until God said yes. Their that He would not reign over them. God granted their
willful rejection of God’s kingly rule and His plans for request, and for the next 450 years, they had forty-one
them was wrong. However, God granted their desire, kings, most of whom did not follow God but led the
although their self-centered request had tragic results. people far from Him.
The Omniscient Lord could see their future unhappi-
ness, and He had Samuel warn them of the disadvan- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

tages to having a king. Still, they determined to have II. The reign of Saul
their own way. A. The rise of King Saul
What we consider right by our natural thinking 1. The demand of Israel for a king (8:1-22)
is not always spiritually best for us. Doing what God a. The failure of Samuel’s successors
wants us to do may not always be according to our (8:1-3)
will. If we will yield to Him and follow His instruc- b. The request of the elders of Israel
tions, we will be blessed every time. Obeying God (8:4-9)
always results in good, although we may not see that (1) The request of the elders
good until eternity. (8:4-6)
(2) The counsel to Samuel (8:7-9)
BACKGROUND c. The Lord’s warning about the
The time between chapters 7 and 8 may have request (8:10-18)
been twenty or twenty-five years. This chapter marks d. The request renewed (8:19-22)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why do you think God allowed Israel to have a
king at this time?

CONCLUSION
Sometimes we may be tempted to want to go our
own way rather than to obey God. We need to be care-
ful to submit to and obey Him, because His ways are
always best in the long term.

NOTES
2. What was the result of their request?

3. What safeguards can we place in our lives to help

us do God’s will even when it seems difficult?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 9:1-27

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“Now the Lord had told Samuel in his ear a day This chapter marks the shift of focus from Samuel
before Saul came, saying, To morrow about this to Saul. The first two verses of the chapter show that
time I will send thee a man out of the land of Saul’s family had prestige and that, from man’s per-
Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him to be captain spective, Saul appeared to be an excellent choice for
a king. It is important to remember that God directed
over my people Israel, that he may save my people
Samuel to anoint Saul, but it was only God’s permis-
out of the hand of the Philistines: for I have looked
sive will, because the Children of Israel insisted on
upon my people, because their cry is come unto
having a king.
me.” (1 Samuel 9:15-16) Saul’s father had sent him on a mission to find
George Washington Carver was a famous African- their lost donkeys. In Biblical times, donkeys were
American botanist. He developed over four hundred considered necessities and were used for many pur-
synthetic substances, among them a milk substitute poses, including farming, hauling, and transportation.
made from peanuts and sweet potatoes. In a lecture, Even the poorest families owned at least one. To own
he revealed his secret of success: a number of donkeys indicated wealth, and losing
“I asked, ‘Dear Creator, please tell me what the them was a disaster. Kish, Saul’s father, was wealthy,
universe was made for?’ as evidenced by his many donkeys.
“The great Creator answered, ‘You want to know In verse 6, Saul and his servant prepared to travel
too much for that little mind of yours. Ask something to the city where Samuel the prophet lived — believed
more your size.’ to be Ramah. The phrase, “All that he saith cometh
“Then I asked, ‘Dear Mr. Creator, tell me what surely to pass” confirms Samuel as a true prophet ac-
man was made for.’ cording to Deuteronomy 18:22.
“Again the great Creator replied, ‘Little man, you Before Saul arrived, God had revealed to Samuel
still ask too much. Cut down the extent of your re- that he was to anoint Saul to be captain over Israel.
quest and improve the intent.’ He also told him about the missing donkeys. Although
“So then I asked, ‘Please, Mr. Creator, will you Samuel’s heart was heavy because of Israel’s insis-
tell me why the peanut was made?’ tence upon having a king, he obeyed God and pre-
“‘That’s better, but even then it’s infinite. What do pared for Saul’s anointing. Because the maidens were
you want to know about the peanut?’ preparing to draw water, we know that Saul and his
“‘Mr. Creator, can I make milk out of the servant arrived at the city in the evening. The “high
peanut?” place” these young women referred to (verse 12) was
“‘What kind of milk do you want, good Jersey a place for sacrifice and prayer. It evidently also had
milk or just plain boarding-house milk?’ a banquet hall (“parlour” in verse 22), and thirty peo-
“And then the great Creator taught me how to ple were invited to the special meal that Samuel had
take the peanut apart and put it together again.”1 arranged.
George Washington Carver knew that if a person Saul did not understand at this time the full im-
communicated with God, God would direct him. plications of all Samuel said to him. However, he did
Samuel knew that too, and the focus verse indicates humbly protest that his family was “the least in the
that on this occasion, the Lord “told Samuel in his smallest” tribe in Israel. Samuel disregarded that com-
ear” what he should do. ment; he knew that was not important to God.
God may not show us how to take the peanut The right shoulder of the animal was the portion
apart or instruct us to anoint a king. However, He will of the offering that went to the priest, yet Samuel had
be faithful to direct us if we will communicate with reserved it for Saul. After the feast, Samuel had Saul
Him. spend the night with him so they could talk. By the
In order to do that, we will need to make sure time Saul left Samuel, he clearly knew what was
we are obeying Him and heeding His Word. We will happening.
need to develop a relationship of regular prayer and
thanksgiving. Then we can follow George AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Washington Carver’s advice and “walk and talk with II. The reign of Saul
God and let Him direct your path.”2 A. The rise of King Saul
 2. The anointing of Saul to be King 3. Name four things we should do when we need di-
a. Saul’s ancestry and stature (9:1-2) rection from God.
b. Saul’s encounter with Samuel
(9:3-27)
(1) The search for the donkeys
(9:3-4)
(2) The request for Samuel’s aid
(9:5-14)
(a) The suggestion of Saul’s
servant (9:5-10)
(b) The directions of the
women (9:11-14)
(3) The preparation of Samuel
(9:15-17)
(4) The meeting of Saul and CONCLUSION
Samuel (9:18-27)
When God gives you direction, listen and obey!
A CLOSER LOOK God’s way is always the best way!
1. What situation did the Lord use to arrange a private NOTES
meeting between Saul and Samuel?

2. Why do you think Saul reacted the way he did to

Samuel’s words in verses 19-27?

1. William J. Petersen and Randy Petersen, “Mr. Creator, Who Made the Peanut?” 100 Amazing Answers to Prayer, p. 212-213.
2. Petersen and Petersen, p. 213
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 10:1 through 11:15

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS At the time of today’s text, Samuel had served

the nation of Israel well for many years as a prophet
“And ye have this day rejected your God, who and priest. The end of his life was drawing near, and
himself saved you out of all your adversities and without an heir apparent, the people wanted a king to
your tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, lead them so they would be just like all their neigh-
but set a king over us. Now therefore present your- boring countries. This clearly was against God’s will,
selves before the Lord by your tribes, and by your and Samuel plainly told them as much, but they were
thousands.” (1 Samuel 10:19) resolute in their demands. Therefore, God chose Saul
to be a captain (“commander” in the original Hebrew)
My wife always has crafts for the little ones in her of his people.
pre-school Sunday school class. She does her best to When Samuel anointed Saul, it was a symbolic
provide them with materials to make something espe- act showing that he was appointed by God. Priests or
cially nice that they can be excited to take home and prophets anointed Israel’s kings. The oil was a special
show to their families. Of course, when dealing with mixture with costly spices, myrrh, and olive oil, and
such young children, she makes the craft simple, and this same oil was used to anoint the priests.
demonstrates with careful step-by-step instructions. To confirm the authenticity of the anointing,
Even so, there are some youngsters who feel they Samuel foretold three events that would happen to
MUST do everything their own way! No amount of Saul: two men would report the asses had been found
encouragement and careful demonstration will sway and that Kish, his father, was concerned about Saul;
them otherwise. As you might expect, the results vary! he would receive two loaves of bread from three men;
How disappointing it is to see a messed-up project. and a company of prophets would meet him, and
However, her love for the little ones in her class keeps God’s Spirit would come upon him. All these events
her going, and you can be sure next Sunday there will came to pass.
be another charming craft for the children to work on. Saul was given a spiritual anointing from God
The Children of Israel insisted on their own way when he received a new heart and the Spirit of God
in having a king. God had given them everything came upon him (verses 6 and 9-10). God came into
they needed to be successful, including step-by-step Saul’s life and changed him from what he had been
instructions. They had not followed His command- before, thereby enabling him to do what God had
ments, and at this time they were convinced that hav- called him to do, which was to be the king. When he
ing a king would be the solution to their problems. met the prophets and God’s Spirit came upon him,
Perhaps you can look back in your life and see Saul praised God and worshipped Him. The surprise
times where you followed your own way and ended of the people who knew Saul (“Is Saul also among the
up in a mess. Also, you may be able to look back to prophets?”) indicates that Saul had been noticeably
situations when you heeded God’s step-by-step in- changed.
structions, possibly without understanding them, and The public appointment of Saul as king took place
saw the Lord work out details in your life in a better at Mizpeh, where God had previously delivered Israel
way than you could have imagined. from the Philistines (chapter 7). When Samuel told
How it must grieve the Lord when He sets out a the people the “manner of the kingdom” (verse 25),
pattern for our success, but we are so consumed with he was, no doubt, confirming that Israel’s government
our own desires that we are blinded to His plans! How would operate in the manner that God directed in
often do we settle for a “mess” when God has far Deuteronomy 17:14-20.
greater plans for our lives? Today, may the purpose of Gibeah was Saul’s home and therefore became the
our hearts be to follow God’s directions and have His political capital of Israel at this time. Samuel resided
will worked out in our lives. in Ramah, and therefore that town was the religious
center. This was the first time the political and reli-
BACKGROUND gious centers were separated.
God’s plan for Israel was that He should be their In chapter 11, God established Saul as king in
King. From time to time, He had raised up leaders as the hearts of his countrymen. The Ammonites were
needed. Gideon, Barak, and Samson were examples Lot’s descendants. Nahash means “snake.” When Saul
of military leaders, and Deborah and Samuel were ex- heard that the people of Jabesh were threatened, the
amples of spiritual leaders. Spirit of God came upon him. Further proof that God
was in control was shown when the fear of the Lord
fell on the people as Saul moved into action. Ulti-
mately, the mighty army of the Ammonites was par-
tially destroyed and completely scattered, while the
nation of Israel was unified under their new king. As 3. How do you suppose the history of the nation of
a result, Saul’s position as king was solidified, and the Israel would have been different if they had not insist-
whole nation rejoiced and gave thanks to God. ed on having a king?

AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines

Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The reign of Saul

A. The rise of King Saul
2. The anointing of Saul to be King
c. Saul’s anointing by Samuel
(10:1-16)
(1) The anointing and instructions
by Samuel (10:1-8)
(2) The prophesying of Saul
(10:9-13)
(3) The return of Saul (10:14-16)
3. The vindication of Saul as king 4. In what ways do we benefit when we discern the
(10:17 — 11:15) will of God for our lives and follow His leading?
a. Saul’s appointment as king
(10:17-27)
b. Saul’s defeat of the Ammonites
(11:1-11)
(1) The threat to Jabesh-gilead
(11:1-5)
(2) The defeat of Nahash
(11:6-11)
c. Saul’s approval by Israel
(11:12-15)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why did the people of the nation of Israel want a
king? Why did Samuel oppose the idea?

CONCLUSION
In God’s infinite love and mercy, He continues to
bless us when we stray into His permissive will rather
than cling to His perfect will. How much greater our
blessings are when we stay centered in His perfect
will.

NOTES

2. How did Saul react to being chosen as the leader of

the people?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 12:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS officials to make money because of their positions,

but Samuel had not done that.
“Behold, here I am: witness against me before Samuel also reminded the Israelites of how God
the Lord, and before his anointed: whose ox have had sent leaders who had helped them in the past. He
I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom referenced the cycle that had become common to Is-
have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or rael, of forgetting God and then repenting and seeking
of whose hand have I received any bribe to blind deliverance. In verse 11, Jerubbaal is another name
mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.” for Gideon, and Bedan probably refers to Barak.
(1 Samuel 12:3) Finally, Samuel challenged them to obey God’s
commandments. “The Lord” is mentioned over thirty
As a mother, I am responsible for many differ- times in this chapter, indicating how much Samuel
ent aspects of my children’s care: grooming, cloth- wanted Israel to serve God. Samuel’s own intentions
ing, meals, and much to their chagrin, discipline. My were clear. He planned to continue serving God, and
husband and I have established a policy of following this included interceding for the people of Israel and
through with what we say. If we say we will go to the teaching them God’s Word.
park, we make every effort to take them there. Follow Samuel was meeting with the Children of Israel in
through carries into the discipline area, as well. If we late May to early June — an important time in wheat
tell our children there are consequences for certain be- harvesting. There were two rainy seasons: yoreh (the
haviors, we follow through. As we do, it assures them early rains) and malqosh (the latter rains). Today, we
that they can count on us to do what we say. would refer to these times as fall and spring. Know-
Do they understand this principle? I believe they ing this, the thunderstorm that ensued was considered
do. Not long ago, as I drove my son to preschool, I miraculous, as rain rarely fell during the harvest time.
told him that I would look for new sneakers while he The people knew that rain at this time could cause
was at school. When I picked him up from school, he great damage to the crops and that it was a sign of
asked me if I brought his new sneakers in the car. I God’s displeasure regarding their request for a king.
asked him, “How did you know I had new sneakers The miracle also confirmed that Samuel’s words were
for you?” He said, “You told me you were going to from God.
get some.” Then I asked him if I always do what I say God chose Israel as His people because He
I’m going to do. He quickly said, “Yes!” wanted them to help other nations learn about Him.
Although my son may sometimes hope I don’t God promised not to abandon them, but He would
follow through with my words, he knows that he can discipline them for disobedience in an effort to cause
depend on me for the truth. I have established a track them to live right.
record.
In this verse, Samuel was making a point about AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

his track record with the Children of Israel. He asked

II. The reign of Saul
them, “Whose ox have I taken?” “Whom have I de-
A. The rise of King Saul
frauded?” The Children of Israel answered back that
4. The final address of Samuel (12:1-25)
Samuel spoke the truth! He was to be believed be-
a. Samuel’s integrity cited (12:1-5)
cause his track record was clean. Samuel was estab-
b. Samuel’s plea for obedience to the
lishing a point of reference. Basically it was: I have
Lord (12:6-18)
not lied to you and I am not going to start now; be-
c. Samuel’s words of comfort
lieve me when I tell you that you have done wrong.
(12:19-25)
We should be careful to keep our word. Then
those around us can always be sure that we will do A CLOSER LOOK
what we say.
1. What miracle did God perform at Samuel’s
BACKGROUND request?
Judges had governed Israel for almost five hun-
dred years. With the anointing of a king, Samuel took
the opportunity to remind the Children of Israel of
his own credibility. It was common at that time for
2. Why was Samuel frustrated with the Children of CONCLUSION
Israel? What is your track record? We want a reputation
that we do what we say we will. Even more impor-
tantly, we want to obey what God says to do.
NOTES

3. What lessons can we apply to our own lives about

keeping God first?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 13:1-23

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS encourage his people. The Philistines took this act as
a declaration of war and gathered their massive army
“And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done fool- together to fight against Israel.
ishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of The Children of Israel, seeing the army gathering
the Lord thy God, which he commanded thee: for against them, quickly became fearful. Many went into
now would the Lord have established thy kingdom hiding, and those who stuck with Saul were described
upon Israel for ever.” (1 Samuel 13:13) as “trembling.” Saul became impatient and made a
sacrifice just before Samuel arrived. Saul’s downward
Disobedience does not pay. That is a concept that slide was characterized by three attitudes: impatience,
we try to teach our children while they are still young. pride, and unbelief. Saul made unwise decisions be-
The discipline we give them is intended to help them cause he looked at things with the natural eye instead
understand just how foolish their disobedience was, of the spiritual eye of faith. He then tried to cover up
and also to cause them to remember not to disobey in his actions with half-truths and lies, minimizing his
the future. own faults and not taking any blame.
However, once we become adults, we must take Israel was greatly outnumbered. The Philistines
care not to forget this concept ourselves. For example, were “as the sand which is on the sea shore in mul-
if we disregard speed zones when we are driving, we titude” (verse 5). In verse 2, Saul had three thousand
may have to pay for our lack of obedience to the traf- men. By verse 15, he was down to six hundred. Also,
fic laws in the form of a traffic citation. At a much the army of Israel was without weapons. There were
more critical level, we need to be sure that we do not not even Israelite blacksmiths who could sharpen the
become neglectful or impatient and thus disobey God. farming tools.
Waiting on God can be one of the strongest tests “Spoilers,” referenced in verse 17, were raid-
of obedience. One lady testifies that she prayed about ers, and these bands of men were on the roads going
a husband. God clearly let her know that He would north, south, east, and west. Ophrah was to the north,
give her one, and that He had a duty for her in that Zeboim was to the east, and Beth-horon was to the
marriage. God helped her to understand that she west. The “passage of Michmash,” referenced in verse
would have to wait for a period of time, but never did 23, was to the south. In the natural, Israel’s situation
she guess that she would have to wait over twenty looked hopeless.
years! The waiting was hard, but now she is married
to a leader in our church. She is so glad that she held AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
on to God’s promise and kept waiting. What a sad
story it would be if she had given up after a few years! II. The reign of Saul
In today’s text, Saul became nervous when Sam- A. The rise of King Saul
uel did not arrive, and the men of his army began to 5. Saul’s initial conflict with the
desert him. He disobeyed God’s commandments when Philistines
he made a sacrifice, which should have been done a. The scattering of Israel’s army
only by a priest. Samuel told him that he had “done (13:1-7)
foolishly.” b. The impetuousness of Saul
As we face each day, we do not want to do fool- (13:8-14)
ishly. We want to ask God to help us obey Him. We (1) Saul’s sin (13:8-10)
will be glad that we did! (2) Saul’s excuses (13:11-13)
(3) Saul’s rejection announced
BACKGROUND (13:14)
King Saul started out with high ideals, good moti- c. The oppression of Israel
vation, and God’s strength behind him. Two years into (13:15-23)
his reign he chose a small group of three thousand
fighting men. Michmash was north of Jerusalem. A CLOSER LOOK
Gibeah, where Jonathan and his one thousand men 1. Why did King Saul offer the sacrifice himself?
were camped, was approximately fifteen miles away.
Jonathan and his troops defeated the Philistine gar-
rison at Geba, and King Saul sent the word around to
 CONCLUSION
God is never late. He wants us to wait on Him no
matter what the circumstances appear to be. He wants
to help us build our faith and spiritual maturity and to
lead us to victories. If we are obedient, God will give
2. Saul’s downward slide seems to follow a pattern in us the victory in His time.
13:8-12. What pattern do you see? How could a pat-
tern like this apply to one’s spiritual maturity? NOTES

3. Perhaps you are waiting for an answer from God.

How can you encourage yourself to keep holding on
in faith?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 14:1-52

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan Even though Saul was the king and leader of the
and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, Children of Israel, in this chapter, Jonathan was the
and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said one who stood out as the hero. Jonathan believed that
unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the numbers did not matter with God. He believed that
God would stand behind His promises and work for
Lord hath delivered them into the hand of Israel.”
Israel, and he and his armor bearer were brave enough
(1 Samuel 14:12)
to believe God and take action.
Agnes could sing — that was obvious from the Saul and his men were camped under a tree, and
time she was a child. When she was a young teenager, Ahiah the priest was with them. The ephod, in verse
Agnes gave her heart to the Lord. As a young woman, 3, was a part of the priest’s robes, which contained the
she had the opportunity to take voice lessons from a Urim and Thummim. The Urim and Thummin were
prominent maestro in San Francisco, California. This two flat stones or plates used for finding God’s will.
man was impressed with her talent, and he pushed her The meaning of the names are “curses” and “perfec-
to join the opera and go on to obtain fame and fortune. tion,” and their relative positions when they came out
Agnes just shook her head and asked him, “Don’t you of the ephod indicated a yes or no answer from God.
think the Lord needs some good talent too? I want to This way of finding God’s leading was also referenced
sing for the glory of God!” One day, another singer in verse 19 when Saul said, “Withdraw thine hand.”
came into the studio during Agnes’ lesson. Her teach- Jonathan, however, asked God directly for a sign as to
er introduced Agnes, saying, “This is the lady who is whether or not he and his armor bearer should go up
going to sing for the Lord!” to the Philistines (verse 9).
Agnes had a different perspective than many The text implies that the terrain was not easy. The
people do. She chose to follow God rather than to go two men climbed up using their hands. When they ar-
in the direction the world would have recommended. rived at the top, they engaged in hand-to-hand combat
She made that choice because her sole desire was for and twenty men were killed. God sent help in the form
God to be glorified by her singing and her life. of an earthquake. The result was confusion among the
Jonathan also had a different perspective. We Philistines, and a disorderly retreat in which the Phi-
can see that from the focus verse, which gives a little listines killed one another. Israelites came out of hid-
glimpse into his heart. Jonathan did not go into battle ing to fight, and some Israelites that had been in the
to bring glory to himself. He wanted a victory that Philistine army changed back to Israel’s side.
would honor and glorify God and benefit their nation. Sadly, Saul made rash and unwise decisions. His
Who receives the credit for what we do? What oath that no one should eat caused his men to be faint
is our motivation for our activities? Do we pray that and tired when they should have been fighting. Then
God will be honored by our lives? A sense of fulfill- once the oath had expired, they were so hungry that
ment quite naturally goes with securing a large con- they did not prepare the food properly and ate it with
tract on the job, or getting an excellent grade on a col- the blood, which was a violation of the Law.
lege final, or even successfully presenting a musical Jonathan was not aware of his father’s command.
number in church. It is natural to feel good when our He ate some honey, and nearly had to die when the
children are well-behaved, or when the meal we made lots that were cast showed that he was guilty. Saul
for a family whose mother is ill turns out perfectly. was not willing to admit that he had made a mistake
There is nothing wrong with the satisfaction that and a rash command. He would have allowed his son
comes with a job well done, yet we want to be certain to be killed, but the people rescued Jonathan.
that the purpose of our hearts is to bring glory to God,
not to ourselves. Agnes knew that God had given her AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

the ability to sing, and that she would be account- II. The reign of Saul
able for using that talent for Him. Jonathan knew that A. The rise of King Saul
victory came only through God. We can have a clear 5. Saul’s initial conflict with the
understanding in our hearts that God is the reason for Philistines
every success in our lives. He deserves the glory, and d. The route of the Philistines
we want to give it to Him. (14:1-23)
 (1) Jonathan’s approach to the 3. You may not be facing a Philistine stronghold to-
Philistines (14:1-5) day, but you may be facing daunting difficulties. How
(2) Jonathan’s engagement of the can you show the same type of faith that Jonathan
Philistines (14:6-15) showed?
(3) Jonathan’s scattering of the
Philistines (14:16-23)
e. The foolish oath of Saul (14:24-46)
(1) Jonathan’s unknowing
disobedience (14:24-30)
(2) Israel’s sin of eating blood
(14:31-35)
(3) Jonathan blamed for Israel’s
sin (14:36-42)
(4) Jonathan rescued from death
(14:43-46)
f. The summary of Saul’s military
prowess (14:47-48)
g. The family of Saul (14:49-51)
h. The war with the Philistines
(14:52) CONCLUSION
A CLOSER LOOK God wants to be glorified in your life. He can be
if you will trust Him as Jonathan did. Who knows
1. What did Jonathan’s armor bearer say to him? how He might use you today!
NOTES

2. Why do you think Jonathan did not tell his father

that he was going to go over to the Philistine garrison?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 15:1-35

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Explicit commands were given, but verse 9 gives an

accurate account of what actually transpired.
“And Samuel said, Hath the Lord as great delight To “utterly destroy” may seem like a harsh di-
in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the rective, but the Amalekites lived by using guerrilla
voice of the Lord? Behold, to obey is better than terrorist tactics. They attacked nations and took their
sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams.” riches and families. Descendents of Esau, they first
(1 Samuel 15:22) fought the Children of Israel not long after the exodus
from Egypt. After Israel arrived in the Promised Land,
My father gave me a bit of advice when I em- the Amalekites attacked them, and continued their
barked on my first experience as an employee, and raids whenever they possibly could. They wanted
his words illustrate the importance of heeding those to wipe out Israel. Additionally, their idolatry was a
in authority over us. He said, “You may not always threat to Israel’s obedience to God.
agree with your boss’s instructions or methods, but Saul’s actions were a direct violation of God’s
perform as instructed just because he is your boss and commands. Then Saul was hypocritical enough to tell
he signs your check!” He was not referring to being Samuel that he had followed God’s directions. When
asked to do something sinful or illegal, of course. He Samuel challenged him, Saul blamed the people.
was warning me not to do things in my own way, but When God said, “It repenteth me” in verse 11, He
rather to simply follow directions. was not indicating He had made a mistake in making
How often people desire to substitute some other Saul king, but He was expressing His sorrow at Saul’s
action for obedience! Yet, “obedience is better than disobedience. Later in verse 29, Samuel said that God
sacrifice.” Any number of good works or positive ac- would not repent, meaning He would not change His
tions cannot take the place of following instructions. mind or His course of action.
This is especially true when it comes to yielding our- “To obey is better than sacrifice” is a phrase that
selves to God and doing His will. defines a Biblical principle — giving something to
One man testifies of how sinful and desperately God cannot replace a heartfelt desire to do God’s will.
unhappy he was. He said, “I thought I was going to How could Saul expect God to accept sacrifices of
lose my mind. Hoping to shake the feeling, I started animals that God had commanded should be killed?
going to church. I thought that maybe giving money Samuel’s words were not discounting the Law and
to the church would help. I even tried to ‘help the Israel’s worship system. Rather, he was challenging
poor’ by making about fifty bologna sandwiches to Saul to look at his own hypocrisy.
take downtown and hand out to the street people. Although Saul finally said, “I have sinned,” a
Nothing helped.” He was trying to rid himself of guilt truly contrite admission of guilt before God never
by making “sacrifices.” took place. Verse 30 reveals that Saul wanted to save
This man came to a church service one evening, his reputation as king. He was more concerned about
and the minister asked, “Who are you serving?” The heeding the people than he was about obeying God.
man knew that he was not serving God. At the end of His rebellion cost him the kingdom.
that service, he went forward to an altar of prayer and Samuel’s execution of King Agag in verse 33 re-
cried out from the depths of his soul, “God, have mer- veals an action that might seem out of character for
cy on me!” God answered and changed his life. He him, since it was done in such a gruesome manner.
found out that obedience to God was what mattered. However, Samuel was God’s appointed judge and
In today’s text, Saul had followed his own judg- priest. Saul had failed to follow God’s commands, but
ment and the will of the people rather than obeying Samuel was obedient and made sure that God’s in-
God. He told Samuel that they had saved the cattle to structions were accomplished.
sacrifice them to God. However, God was looking for Note Samuel’s grief for Saul and his legacy of
obedience, not Saul’s excuses and plans. failed assignments.
God is looking for obedience in our lives too.
Let’s do what God says to do today! AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The reign of Saul

BACKGROUND A. The rise of King Saul
In this chapter, God gave Saul another opportu- 6. Saul’s failure and rejection as king
nity to choose complete obedience to His instructions. (15:1-35)
 a. Samuel’s instructions to destroy 3. What are some blessings that result from our
Amalek (15:1-3) obedience?
b. Saul’s defeat of the Amalekites
(15:4-9)
c. Samuel’s disclosure of Saul’s
failure (15:10-19)
d. Saul’s reply (15:20-24)
(1) His excuse (15:20-23)
(2) His request for forgiveness
(15:24)
e. Saul’s rejection by the Lord
(15:25-31)
f. Samuel’s slaying of Agag
(15:32-35)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Compare verses 3 and 9. What are the differences
between what God commanded and what was CONCLUSION
performed?
God is looking for those who will obey Him.
Will you?

NOTES

2. Why do you think Saul listened to the people rather

than obeying God’s instructions?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 16:1-23

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS loved Saul, and Saul’s failure to repent caused Samuel
to mourn. In the original language, the word mourn
“But the Lord said unto Samuel, Look not on meant “to mourn for the dead.” This shows how
his countenance, or on the height of his stature; deeply Samuel was grieved. Eventually, God said that
because I have refused him: for the Lord seeth Samuel had mourned long enough.
not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward God sent Samuel to Bethlehem to the house of
appearance, but the Lord looketh on the heart.” Jesse, and told him to anoint one of Jesse’s sons to be
(1 Samuel 16:7) the next king. Samuel’s home was in Ramah, and in
order to get to Bethlehem, he had to take a road that
The man was tall and gangling; most people said went by Gibeah, the location of Saul’s headquarters.
he was homely. His life was marked by numerous dis- At the Lord’s direction, Samuel concealed his chief
appointments. In his early years, he lived in poverty, purpose for the trip, and took a heifer to offer sacri-
and had little formal education. His mother died when fices as he usually did when on his duties as circuit
he was young. Later, he failed in business and lost rider. The directions for “sanctifying” as used in this
repeatedly when running for political office. Looking text were given in the Law and included bathing and
at these facts alone, one might conclude that the man changing clothes.
was a failure. However, history records that Abraham As the sons of Jesse came before Samuel, he may
Lincoln was truly a great man, one who led the United have been looking for someone with a stature similar
States of America through its most crucial national to Saul’s, but God had already made His choice by
crisis. looking at the heart. The Bible indicates that David
How many times have we been disappointed or was handsome. “Ruddy” means red. It may mean
surprised when we based our opinions on what we that David had red hair, or it may indicate that he was
could see? What problems could arise if an employer fair-skinned. Either characteristic would have been
hired an employee by how he or she looked, rather unusual among the Hebrews. In the East at that time,
than checking the resume for qualifications? How red hair was considered “a rare mark of beauty.” “Of
many people have chosen a mate because of physical a beautiful countenance” may refer to David’s eyes,
attraction, only to find after marriage that the person indicating that they were penetrating, keen, lively, and
had traits that were quite difficult to live with? Man warm.
often judges by sight, but God does not — He looks David was chosen by God because of his inner
on the heart. We may see how people look, but God qualities, and Samuel anointed him in a simple cer-
knows what they are. emony before his brothers. This was not a public ap-
Samuel, going to the house of Jesse to anoint a pointment. Legally, Saul continued as the king, and
king, at first did as most people in that position would David respected him as God’s anointed until Saul’s
do. When the first son came before him, he looked death. The Spirit of the Lord came upon David from
at the height of his stature and his countenance, and that day forward to guide and empower him, making
deeming those qualities favorable, thought Eliab was him strong and efficient. God helped David to behave
the man to be king. However, God rejected him. God wisely and with courage.
sees differently than man. He sees the disposition of The Spirit of the Lord departed from King Saul.
the heart. He recognizes the willingness, faithfulness, The evil spirit that God allowed to come upon him
obedience, and purity of the soul, or the absence of caused a mental condition near to insanity. His ser-
those attributes. He reads the thoughts, efforts, mo- vants thought that music might soothe him. Harps
tives and attitudes of each individual. God often exalts were part of Israel’s musical culture, and were known
those that men wouldn’t even think of. for their ability to soothe. At this time, simple harps
Rather than operating by sight, let us look to God were made from curved pieces of wood or two wood
in faith to lead in every aspect of our daily lives. His pieces fastened to each other at right angles. Strings
evaluations are perfect, and His directions are unfail- were from twisted grass or animal intestines that were
ingly right! dried. Some harps had as many as forty strings. David
was a skillful harpist and also wrote songs, many of
BACKGROUND which are recorded in the Book of Psalms.
Because of Saul’s disobedience, God rejected In verse 18, “a mighty valiant man” may refer to
him from being king over Israel. The prophet Samuel David having killed wild beasts while shepherding. In
the original language, “prudent in matters” referenced 3. What basis should we use when we evaluate people
David’s ability with words; he was eloquent. or situations?
The events in the Book of 1 Samuel are not al-
ways listed chronologically. Therefore, it is possible
that David did not immediately become Saul’s armor
bearer. While serving Saul, David had the opportunity
to learn about a royal household and being a national
leader.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The reign of Saul

B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
of David
1. David in the court of Saul
a. The anointing of David (16:1-23)
(1) The Lord’s instructions to
Samuel (16:1-3)
(2) Samuel’s selection of the CONCLUSION
Lord’s anointed (16:4-13) It is easy to react to what we can observe. How-
(3) David in Saul’s court ever, it is good to remember that we can see only the
(16:14-23) surface. God can see the heart!
A CLOSER LOOK NOTES
1. What caused Samuel to believe that Eliab was the
one to be king?

2. What is the difference between man’s evaluation

and God’s evaluation of a person?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 17:1-58

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS “the battle is the Lord’s,” and he relied on God for
protection.
“And all this assembly shall know that the Lord How much easier it is to face fearful situations
saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is when we understand this principle! Circumstances,
the Lord’s, and he will give you into our hands.” such as persecution for a person’s faith, a health cri-
(1 Samuel 17:47) sis, a terrible traffic accident, or walking in an unsafe
neighborhood, can cause fear. However, the allpow-
We know there are degrees of fear — it can range erful God will fight our battles even if we have fear.
from anxious concern to sheer terror. Fear associated Beyond that, He can calm our fears, like He obviously
with the danger of imminent death is no doubt one of did in David’s situation. Relying on God and His pro-
the most terrifying. tection is the way — the only way — to really over-
, 

My brother tells of an incident that occurred when come fear.

he was in Vietnam. He was serving in a Marine Recon
Battalion and had been dropped behind enemy lines. BACKGROUND
One night, his team of six people was being hunted by This battle between the Israelites and the Phi-
a regiment of the North Vietnamese army. All night listines took place around 1025 B.C. The Philistines
they were essentially “pinned down” in a jungle thick- were an aggressive sea people who invaded the east-
et with enemy troops searching for them — at times ern Mediterranean coast and settled coastal Palestine
within 50 feet of their location. For seven long hours, about 1200 B.C. They had been Israel’s principal
my brother was convinced that he was going to be enemy from the time of Samson. During those years,
killed. His mind agonized about dying. He visualized the Israelites had lost many battles and experienced
his funeral, and thought about who would be attend- major defeats at the hands of the Philistines. With
ing it. That was terror — seven hours of terror. their history of many victories, and with Goliath as
However, focusing on the fact that “the battle is their champion, the Philistines were confident they
the Lord’s” can make a difference in a person’s state would be victorious this time as well. To minimize
of mind when facing death. A World War II veteran bloodshed, armies of that time would choose the
who served as a frontline infantryman testified, “I strongest warrior from each side to fight against each
found that God was right there to take good care of other.
anyone who would trust Him. Shrapnel came so close At the time of this battle, David, the youngest of
to me that it burned the side of my head parallel to the Jesse’s eight sons, was not a warrior. This does not
stem of my eyeglasses, but it never even drew blood. mean he had not shown himself to be courageous and
I crawled through muddy drainage ditches until my capable of dealing with conflict. He had killed a bear
knees were raw, with machine gun slugs whizzing and lion while caring for his father’s sheep.
over my head, yet God brought me through it all.” The historical accounts in 1 Samuel are not meant
The Children of Israel knew about the fear of to be in chronological order. This account is given
death. In today’s text, King Saul and the Israelite here to show that God intended to use David to deliv-
army were on one side of the valley; the Philistine en- er Israel. Also, God used this event to spread the fame
emy was on the other. However, the two forces were of David’s name throughout the nation. David may
not evenly matched. Facing the giant Goliath decked have acted as Saul’s armor bearer at a later date, or the
in his military armor, the Israelites were filled with title may have been honorary.
fear. Verse 11 states they were “greatly afraid.” The Goliath was over nine feet tall. A coat of mail was
fact is, they were terrified! Apparently, they were fac- made of overlapping brass plates, and Goliath’s armor
ing their circumstances in their own strength, and they probably weighed about 125 to 150 pounds. Greaves
had been in terror for forty days. were armor for the shins. The target of brass was a
David, possibly the youngest Israelite in the val- spear that was slung on his back. His iron spearhead
ley of Elah, had a different perspective. He undoubt- weighed between fifteen and eighteen pounds.
edly had less military experience than Saul or the The trench in verse 20 refers to the camp or the
Israelite army; yet David had experience that gave baggage and vehicles around the edge of the camp.
him confidence to overcome the fear that crippled the “The host was going forth to fight” means that Israel’s
Israelites. He had proven that God was a match for army was marching out to put themselves into forma-
circumstances that can cause fear; he realized that tion for a battle.
 While it may seem strange that Saul did not rec- 2. What does David’s attitude and perspective tell us
ognize David, it is possible that David was with Saul about his relationship with God?
when he needed the soothing harp music, and then
went home to Bethlehem when Saul was feeling bet-
ter. Perhaps Saul’s mental state caused him to forget
David, or maybe David had been back in Bethlehem
for some time.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The reign of Saul

B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
of David 3. Perhaps you are facing a fear-causing event. What
1. David in the court of Saul can you do to encourage yourself to be like David and
b. The slaughter of Goliath by David expect deliverance from God?
(17:1-58)
(1) The defiance of Goliath
(17:1-11)
(2) The arrival of David
(17:12-30)
(a) The sons of Jesse
(17:12-16)
(b) The mission of David
(17:17-19)
(c) The fear of Israel
(17:20-25)
(d) The inquiry of David
(17:26-27) CONCLUSION
(e) The rebuff of David’s
brothers (17:28-30) David said, “The Lord that delivered me out of
(3) The request of David the paw of the lion and out of the paw of the bear,
(17:31-40) he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine.”
(4) The confrontation with This shows where he placed his trust. Just as David
Goliath (17:41-49) did not have fear when facing the giant, we can be
(5) The defeat of the Philistines shielded from fear when we face the Goliaths in our
(17:50-54) lives, by looking to the Lord for our deliverance and
(6) The inquiry of Saul protection.
(17:55-58) NOTES
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What statements did David make that showed his
confidence in God’s ability to protect him against
Goliath?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 18:1-30

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS in God and the fellowship in their souls that resulted
from that trust. Both men were warriors who were
“David behaved himself wisely in all his ways; victorious because they believed God would give
and the Lord was with him.” (1 Samuel 18:14) Israel the victory. It is possible that Jonathan was as
much as ten years older than David. Jonathan’s gift to
Abraham Lincoln once stated, “Character is like David was symbolic of the covenant between the two
a tree and reputation is like its shadow. The shadow of them.
is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing.”1 When David was successful in battle, he received
Throughout his administration, Lincoln was a presi- praise from the people of Israel. Although the num-
dent under political fire, especially during the scar- bers the women sang about were exaggerated, King
ring years of the Civil War. Though he knew he Saul became jealous and twice tried to kill David. He
would make errors while in office, he resolved never even devised a plan to send David into a battle that
to compromise his integrity. So strong was this re- appeared to be certain defeat and his probable death,
solve that he declared, “I desire so to conduct the af- but God was with David. We read three times the
fairs of this administration that if, at the end, when statement, “David behaved himself wisely” (verses 5,
I come to lay down the reins of power, I have lost 14, 30). He was prudent.
every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one Saul had not fulfilled his promise to give his
friend left, and that friend shall be down inside of daughter in marriage to the warrior who slew Goliath.
me.”2 In this chapter, he demanded a further dowry from
In our text today, we see how David exhibited his David. The requested dowry seemed humanly impos-
character and integrity before God, King Saul, and sible, but with God’s help, David brought twice the
the people of Israel. After the slaying of Goliath, Saul required number.
became very jealous of David. Everything David did The intense jealousy King Saul had for David
was upright and acceptable. Verse 5 tells us, “He was turned to fear, because he knew the Lord was with
accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the David and had departed from himself. This combina-
sight of Saul’s servants.” David did not let his posi- tion of jealousy and fear made King Saul perceive
tion or successes go to his head. David as his enemy. These feelings continued until
We know David’s actions were right in the sight King Saul finally committed suicide in battle a few
of God because the text says, “the Lord was with years later.
him.” God led him in battle and he was able to de-
feat the Philistines in every conflict. Even when King
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Saul sent David into battle with the hope he would be II. The reign of Saul
killed, God provided the victory. B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
If we have the true love of God down in our of David
hearts, our character and integrity will reflect the in- 1. David in the court of Saul
dwelling presence of God. As we behave ourselves c. The separation of David from Saul
wisely in all our ways, we can have the confidence (1) Jonathan’s love for David
that God will be with us. (18:1-5)
(2) Saul’s jealousy of David
BACKGROUND (18:6-9)
In our text David had just returned from killing (3) Saul’s attempts to kill David
the Philistine giant, Goliath. He was taken before (a) His attempt to spear
King Saul, who took him into his own house. As a David (18:10-16)
man perhaps as young as eighteen years of age, this (b) His attempt to have
must have made a real impression on David. There David killed by the
were probably many temptations that came with liv- Philistines (18:17-30)
ing in the King’s palace and having a position of au- [1] Saul’s aborted
thority in the army, but we read how David behaved promise of Merab
himself in spite of these temptations. (18:17-19)
David and Jonathan, Saul’s son, had a deep and [2] Saul’s promise of
close friendship. This was based on their mutual trust Michal (18:20-30)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What quality in David’s character is revealed in
verse 18?

CONCLUSION
What we do in private is the real indicator of who
we are. May God help us to spend quality time with
2. Why do you think the Lord withdrew his presence
Him privately, so that we may behave ourselves wise-
from King Saul?
ly, with character and integrity, when we are in public
and living our lives before the watching world.
NOTES

3. Consider your own character and integrity. Do you

find any weaknesses? If so, what steps can you take to
strengthen your Christian integrity?

1. Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln’s Own Stories.

2. Max Lucado, The Inspirational Study Bible.
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 19:1-17

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Do you need an intercessor today? Trust Jesus

with the situation! He can work wonders in difficult
“And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul places, and even if the situation does not work out as
his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin you would have liked, He always has your best inter-
against his servant, against David; because he hath est at heart and will do what is ultimately best.
not sinned against thee, and because his works have BACKGROUND
been to thee-ward very good.” (1 Samuel 19:4)
In the previous chapter, when Saul failed on two
Have you ever had a situation when you needed occasions to take David’s life by throwing a javelin at
an intercessor — a time when your explanation would him, he tried placing David in harm’s way during bat-
not be heard or accepted, but you thought maybe the tle and through a cunning dowry price for his daugh-
words of someone else would get through? ter, Michal. By the time the events in today’s text
Years ago, I worked with someone whose attitude occurred, however, Saul was no longer trying to be
indicated that I must have offended her in some way. discreet in his hatred, but openly commanded Jonathan
Yet, no matter how much I thought about it, I could and his other servants to kill David — despite the fact
not think of what it might be. As I took the matter to that David was now his son-in-law. Jonathan, being
the Lord in prayer, I considered apologizing. However, David’s best friend and seeing the error of his father’s
I was concerned that doing so would make the situa- ways, refused to do so. Instead, he warned David and
tion even more awkward. She was probably thinking interceded for him to Saul. That conversation calmed
that any hard feelings she had for me were completely Saul, but only until David was once again successful
hidden. Worse yet, maybe she had not even realized in the next battle.
resentment was there! I did not know what to do, so After that, Saul planned to have his men wait at
I continued to pray with all my heart that God would David’s house through the night and kill him the next
show me, or that somehow the situation would change. morning. Michal loved her husband and did not want
Suddenly, and in a way I cannot account for, God her father to succeed in his wicked schemes. She, like
answered that prayer. Her attitude changed seemingly her brother Jonathan, warned David of the threat to
overnight and I had a new friend. The only plausible his life and encouraged him to flee. Their house was
explanation is that the ultimate Intercessor spoke on likely built on a wall, and she was able to help him es-
my behalf. Through the years since, I am still awed at cape through the window without Saul’s “messengers”
how the Lord completely turned that situation around. knowing.
In our text, Jonathan was an intercessor to his fa- Michal then came up with her own cunning plan
ther, King Saul, on behalf of his best friend, David. to buy David some time. The image she placed in
Saul was extremely jealous of David’s success in David’s bed may have been a statue of a pagan house-
battle and his resulting popularity with the people hold god. The Hebrew word used here, terapīm, is a
(1 Samuel 18:6-7), so much so that he sought to kill synonym for idols and means, “the vanishing ones.”
David. In our focus verse, Jonathan reminded Saul that (The same word is used in Genesis 31:19 when Rachel
David had always been good to them and persuaded stole her father’s two household idols.) It is unusual
Saul to put aside his jealousy. that such an idol would be life-size. It may have been
It was not long, however, before Saul was once a bust that she covered with a pillow of goats’ hair for
again seeking to take David’s life — just after the next the head. It is also possible that the word is used figu-
battle in fact. The truth is that human intercession can ratively meaning a depiction of a human. Whatever the
only do so much good. It is only the influence of the case, her creation of the appearance of a person sleep-
ultimate Intercessor that can make remarkable and ing was at least somewhat convincing, for it was not
lasting changes in a life. If Saul had humbled himself until Saul ordered the messengers to bring David up in
before God, He would have turned Saul’s heart com- his bed that they realized what Michal had done. When
pletely, as He did in my situation. However, because Saul confronted her with her deception, rather than use
of Saul’s jealousy, the kingdom was taken from Saul wise words to appease him as Jonathan had done, she
and given to David, a man after God’s own heart simply lied to him, saying David had threatened to kill
(1 Samuel 13:14). David also learned many valuable her if she did not help him escape.
lessons while running for his life, and we benefit today Michal schemed, but David prayed. Psalm 59 re-
by his thoughts recorded in the Book of Psalms. cords his thoughts and prayers during this time. This
event marked the beginning of approximately ten 3. How did David’s wife, Michal, show her love and
years in which he was exiled and running for his life, fidelity to her husband?
always trusting God for his deliverance.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The reign of Saul

B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
of David
1. David in the court of Saul
c. The separation of David from Saul
(3) Saul’s attempts to kill David
(c) His attempt to spear 4. What should a Christian do when a conflict arises
David again (19:1-17) with someone else?
[1] Saul’s promise of
safety (19:1-7)
[2] Saul’s attempt on
David (19:8-10)
[3] Saul’s pursuit of
David (19:11-17)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why was Saul seeking to kill David?

CONCLUSION
David trusted God to be his ultimate Intercessor
and Deliverer. Do the same in your life so that God
can bless you as He did David!
2. What do we learn about Jonathan’s character in this
chapter? NOTES
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 19:18 through 20:42

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Well, I did not let that one pass me by — I married
him. He is still kind to me to this day, after seventeen
“And Jonathan caused David to swear again, be- years of marriage.
cause he loved him: for he loved him as he loved Though David and Jonathan’s relationship was
his own soul.” (1 Samuel 20:17) unusual, given the circumstances, it withstood great
challenges. The element that made it possible was that
A plaque on my living room wall says, “Friend- they both loved God. Jonathan, though loyal to his
ship is a priceless gift that can’t be bought or sold. father, recognized that God’s plan included David be-
Its value is far greater than mountains made of gold. ing the next king. From a human standpoint, that must
If you should ask God for a gift, be thankful if He have been difficult to deal with, however, Jonathan
sends, not diamonds, pearls, or riches, but the love loved God and he submitted to His plan. This made it
and trust of friends.” Each time I read that, I am re- possible for him to extend his friendship to David at a
minded of the many friends that God has blessed me time when David needed it most.
with. I can remember my next-door neighbor whose Today, the same elements can be present in our
granddaughter was a good friend to me during the friendships. When God is at the center of our lives,
younger years of my life. When my family moved, we can extend ourselves to others in acts of kindness.
I was delighted to meet a family who not only had As Christians, we have experienced God extend-
two boys, but also had one girl who was nine years ing His love to us each day. That makes us the most
of age — I was ten years old at the time. Marie and I qualified individuals to spread kindness to others. We
were best friends for the next five years. When I was must look for ways to do just that each day.
fifteen years old, my family moved once again, and
this time it was to the United States. A few weeks af- BACKGROUND
ter taking our residence here, I went to high school. David found himself in Ramah, fleeing Saul’s
There, Sue, a very friendly junior who took an inter- attempts to kill him. Naioth was not a city, but the
est in students of different cultures, was kind enough dwelling place of a particular school of prophets.
to show me around and help me with my English. She Likely, it was a temporary village set up adjacent to
was a Godsend. Later, at church, there were many Ramah, where Samuel lived. The Bible tells us that
others who extended their friendship to me. In fact, a David “dwelt” there; how long he remained with
friend that I met long ago gave me the plaque that I Samuel is unknown.
quoted. Looking back, it seems that God was always While David was there, Saul sent three sets of
faithful to bring the right person to be my friend when messengers to Ramah to capture David. Finally, Saul
I most needed friendship. went himself. When he arrived in Naioth, Saul was
David also had a friend when he really needed overcome by the Spirit of God, as his messengers had
one. He had some unusual circumstances take place been. He removed his outer garments — his armor and
in his life. He went from taking care of sheep to being royal robes — and lay all that day and night, singing
anointed king over Israel. Imagine such a change! A and praising God. In this manner, God showed His
lot of events were to take place in David’s life before power over the hearts of men — even the king — and
he sat upon the throne, and God was faithful to bring provided David with time to make his escape.
Jonathan along at that time to help him through the Ramah was about four miles from Gibeah where
difficult days ahead. David returned to talk to Jonathan, while Saul was
Jonathan, King Saul’s son, loved David. The looking for him in Ramah. Jonathan was David’s loy-
Bible says, “Jonathan loved him as he loved his own al friend and David wanted to share with him the fact
soul” (1 Samuel 18:1). That is quite a friend! God that he thought Saul was out to kill him.
knew that David needed just that type of a friend. Each new moon marked the beginning of a new
God is so good. I remember a time when a friend month, when the Law required the people to offer
gave me his car to drive to work, and he took the bus! burnt sacrifices unto the Lord. It was a religious holi-
I could not imagine that, but he insisted, so I did! The day, and the Jews were very careful to observe it.
worst part about that kind gesture is that I wrecked his Though God had rejected Saul, he continued to bring
car twice, and he was still kind to me and had it fixed sacrifices to God in a public way. It was also custom-
and gave it back to me! I was flabbergasted. I used to ary for him to eat publicly on this occasion along with
ask myself, how could someone be so good to me? his family and chief officers. David knew this and
requested of Jonathan to be excused from this assem- 2. Why do you think God allowed David to be chased
bly. He knew that if Saul indeed had it in his heart to by Saul?
kill him, his displeasure would show and it would be
revealed to Jonathan that indeed Saul was in definite
pursuit of him.
After devising the plan to test Saul, David and
Jonathan went into a field where they laid out their
plan before God. Verses 8 and 16 describe their
covenant. In verse 8, it is called a “covenant of the
Lord,” and verse 16 speaks of a covenant Jonathan
was making with the house of David to protect his
seed. A covenant was a binding contract of two or 3. Consider ways you can extend some acts of kind-
more persons who have agreed to its terms. It is usu- ness to the people that you are acquainted with. Write
ally created by deed in writing, sealed, and executed. them down and then specify when you will do them.
In this case, it was a verbal agreement between two
friends whose utmost desire was to do God’s will and
to be true to their friendship. Their covenant was wit-
nessed by God, whose presence they implored, and
who would be the final executor of its terms. In their
covenant, they agreed to be honest in their communi-
cation with each other regarding what would transpire
in David’s absence.
At the feast, when Saul angrily made it known
that Jonathan was a traitor for letting David leave,
Jonathan knew that David’s life was in danger. Ac-
cording to their agreed upon signal, Jonathan shot
the three arrows beyond the place where David was.
David knew that this meant to leave and the two
friends parted after much grief and tears — Jonathan
back to his father and family and David away from it. CONCLUSION
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch A friend you can trust is of great value in time of
II. The reign of Saul need. God has extended His love to us, so we must
B. The decline of King Saul and the rise show kindness to others. By being true and loyal to
of David God, you will be the friend that God intends for you
2. David in exile from Saul to be to someone in need.
a. His flight to Samuel at Ramah
NOTES
(19:18-24)
b. The plot to ascertain Saul’s
motives (20:1-42)
(1) The plot formulated (20:1-23)
(2) The intentions of Saul
revealed (20:24-34)
(3) The separation of David and
Saul (20:35-42)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How many arrows did Jonathan agree to shoot?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 21:1 through 22:19

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS disobedience. In today’s text, Saul hunted down one

whose only crime was doing the will of God.
“And David arose, and fled that day for fear of At this time, the Tabernacle was in Nob, a city
Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.” south of Gibeah and north of Jerusalem. Nob could be
(1 Samuel 21:10) seen from Jerusalem. The “common bread,” referred
to in verse 4, meant bread that anyone could eat. Hal-
To be the object of a search is a miserable and ter- lowed bread was also called “shewbread.” Each Sab-
rifying experience. About twenty-five years ago, when bath, twelve fresh loaves were put in the Holy Place
Romania was still under Communist rule, the police of the Tabernacle by a priest. Only the priests could
came one night to a pastor’s home. They were search- eat the bread from the week before. Ahimelech con-
ing for religious books — specifically for a Bible. The firmed with David that his men were ceremonially
pastor’s six-year-old daughter heard what was being clean, and then he applied the spirit of God’s laws
said at the door of the house. She quickly took their when he gave the bread to David. Jesus cited this oc-
Bible, wrapped it in a newspaper that was close by, casion to illustrate that the spirit of the Law was more
and put it inside the oven of a wood-burning stove important than the letter of the Law (Mark 2:25-26).
which was in use. The policemen searched the house, The following details add to an understanding
but without success. of this text. Gath was about twenty-three miles from
Several hours after they left, the father com- Nob, and Achish was the Philistine king. David pre-
mented about how they had not found the Bible, but tended insanity in order to gain refuge there. The
then he wondered where it was. The girl remembered word scrabbled means “scratched.” Sane men would
and said, “I put it in the stove.” The family opened the not allow saliva to fall down upon their beards. The
oven and found that the newspaper had burned off, cave of Adullam was approximately ten miles east
but the Bible was fine. Had the police found the Bible, of Gath, and fifteen miles west of Bethlehem. His
the pastor would have been arrested and severely brothers, no doubt, deserted the army of Saul to join
beaten. However, God protected both His Book and David. The “discontented” refers to those who did not
His people. like how Saul governed. Largely, this was a group of
In this text, David was the object of Saul’s search. outlaws, yet David managed them wisely enough to
For approximately ten years Saul tried to find David make them become mighty and heroic.
and kill him, while David sought refuge or hid in vari- The height of Saul’s spiritual depravity was
ous places, yet God knew where David was and kept clearly apparent when, in addition to pursuing David,
His hand over him. he commanded the destruction of the priests of God.
Today, we are probably not running for our lives Eighty-five persons died because he felt that they sup-
to flee a wicked king, and it may be unlikely that ported David.
policemen will come to our doors searching for our David ran farther from Saul and sought refuge
Bibles. (There are, however, many Christians in the for his family in Mizpeh under the king of Moab.
world now who are being pursued and persecuted for Moab was not friendly toward Israel, however, Ruth,
their faith, and we need to pray for these servants of David’s great-grandmother, was from Moab, which
God to have His strength to stand.) Even if we are not may have made some difference. Saul’s hostile ac-
facing physical persecution, the enemy of our souls tions against David made him a greater threat than the
will pursue us with temptations and try to discourage heathen kings.
us from following the Lord. We are running for our
lives spiritually, and the safe refuge is Heaven. Until AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

we reach that Goal, we need to be sure that we stay II. The reign of Saul
tuned to God’s directions for us, and then remember B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
that He knows where we are and will be with us. of David
2. David in exile from Saul
BACKGROUND c. His flight to Ahimelech at Nob
King Saul, a man who had been an example of (21:1-9)
humility and grace, had become the vicious pursuer of (1) His request for food (21:1-7)
David, a man after God’s own heart. Something had (2) His request for weapons
happened to Saul. He lost his favor with God through (21:8-9)
 d. His flight to Achish, king of Gath 4. Name some areas of life from which we might like
(21:10-15) to run, and explain how God could give deliverance.
e. His flight to the cave of Adullam
(22:1-2)
f. His flight to Mizpah of Moab
(22:3-5)
g. Saul’s vengeance on Ahimelech
(1) The discovery of Ahimelech’s
aid to David (22:6-10)
(2) The massacre of Ahimelech,
the priests and Nob (22:11-19)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why do you suppose David fled to Ahimelech at
Nob?

CONCLUSION
No matter what trials or temptations are “pursu-
ing” us, we know that God can give us the victory.
The key is in having a heart toward God, as David
did.
2. What was the significance of David getting hold of
Goliath’s sword? NOTES

3. Who was Doeg?

 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 22:20 through 24:22

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS David, because he was jealous of David, and he knew

David would be the king someday. Although David
“The Lord therefore be judge, and judge between wanted deliverance from his enemy, he still wanted
me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and de- God’s will in the situation.
liver me out of thine hand.” (1 Samuel 24:15) Abiathar, a priest, escaped Saul’s massacre of
the priests of Nob, and he managed to take an ephod
The man was consumed by revenge. Thugs had with him. This means that he had the Urim and
beaten his son so badly that he had a skull fracture. Thummin with him when he came to David. The
The doctors suspected brain damage and possible Urim and Thummin were two flat stones that were
permanent vision loss. The father tried everything he used to discern the will of God. David welcomed
could to locate the perpetrators. Meanwhile, the son Abiathar and promised him protection. Although Saul
showed no signs of improvement. One Sunday in had spies looking for David, Abiathar was able to give
church the father was considering what he would do the Word of God to David and advise him on what
if he caught these fellows. Even though he was not re- God wanted him to do.
ally listening, he realized the minister was preaching The meeting between Jonathan and David that
about forgiveness, and he did not care for the subject! is mentioned in this text may have been the last time
As the preacher continued, though, the man realized they saw each other. Being a true friend, Jonathan en-
he could not pray for his son’s healing without first couraged David.
forgiving those who had hurt his son. That morning he At one time, Saul and his army were within one
asked God to help him forgive. God released his soul mountain ridge of David and his men. Then a messen-
from the hatred, and he prayed for both the son and ger came to call Saul to battle with the Philistines, and
the attackers. That day, when he went to the hospital, God once again delivered David.
his son was sitting up! New x-rays were taken, and En-gedi is a natural fortress that overlooks the
the fracture had been healed. His son left the hospital Dead Sea. The area has many caves, and some were
on Monday, completely well.1 used as houses or tombs. Some caves were big enough
This father knew that his son needed a touch from that thousands of people could get inside them.
God to deliver him from his injuries. However, the “To cover his feet,” means that Saul went into a
father also needed a touch from God to deliver him cave to relieve himself. The Law of Moses had strict
from his own vengeful spirit. In today’s society, many rules regarding sanitation, so Saul was probably away
need deliverance — from addictions, troubling situ- from his camp. He no doubt left his robe at the cave’s
ations, financial difficulties, or broken relationships. entrance. Since David and his men were hidden in
Others need deliverance from wrong attitudes and the sides of the cave, they had easy access to Saul.
fears. David’s respect for God and also for Saul’s position as
God can bring true deliverance, and David found king provided deliverance for Saul.
this out. In our text, we read repeatedly about David’s As our focus verse mentions, David called on the
desire for deliverance. Each step of the way, David Lord, asking Him to declare David innocent and keep
continued to seek God’s will, and the Lord helped him him from Saul. God did not fail. David was safe in
every time. God’s hands and was delivered from his enemy.
Do you need deliverance in your life today? Open
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
your heart to God, and tell Him your needs, because
He answers prayer. God does not answer or deliver II. The reign of Saul
according to our will. For example, His deliverance B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
may be the grace to cope with a situation. However, of David
He never fails, and He wants to deliver us in the best 2. David in exile from Saul
possible way. g. Saul’s vengeance on Ahimelech
(3) The escape of Abiathar
BACKGROUND (22:20-23)
David loved God with all his heart. Before any h. David’s defeat of the Philistines at
major decision he sought God’s direction and will. In Keilah (23:1-13)
our text, David was being pursued by Saul almost con- (1) David’s defeat of the
tinually. Saul was obsessed with finding and killing Philistines (23:1-5)
 (2) Saul’s pursuit of David Saul 3. What types of deliverance might God give today
(23:6-13) from hard situations?
i. His flight in the wilderness of Ziph
(23:14-23)
j. His flight in the wilderness of
Maon (23:24-27)
k. His flight in the wilderness of
Engedi (23:28  —  24:22)
(1) The sparing of Saul’s life
(23:28 — 24:7)
(2) The words of David to Saul
(24:8-15)
(3) The reply of Saul to David
(24:16-22)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why do you think Saul wanted David killed?
CONCLUSION
Let us be like David and rely on the Lord in every
situation. God is waiting for us to ask Him to work in
our lives.
NOTES

2. How did David receive deliverance from Saul and

his pursuing army?

1. William J. Petersen and Randy Petersen, “With a Baseball Bat in His Car,”100 Amazing Answers to Prayer, p. 207-209.
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 25:1-44

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS leaving the situation in His hands, we can rest assured
that God’s will for our lives can be worked out in a
“And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the Lord perfect manner.
God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me:
And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou,
BACKGROUND
which has kept me this day from coming to shed At the beginning of this chapter, it is noted that
blood, and from avenging myself with mine own Samuel died. David did not go to the funeral, though
hand.” (1 Samuel 25:32-33) Samuel had been a great mentor to him. It is possible
that David realized Saul’s spies would be at the fu-
Have you ever found yourself in a situation where neral and it was not a safe place for him to be. Instead,
you knew you had been wronged? After my husband David retreated to the wilderness.
and I were first married, we moved back to a town Nabal’s name means “a fool.” The word churlish
where he had gone to college. There we attempted to in verse 3 means “hard to deal with.” The phrase “son
find work. We were both teachers by trade and work of Belial” (verse 17) was used to refer to someone
was extremely scarce. The first job I landed was a considered to be a wicked, worthless man.
sales position in a dress shop in a mall. It was the only David’s irritation at Nabal was not unfounded.
steady income we had, and it was very important to First, the social etiquette of the day required that trav-
our survival. My plan was to work there only until my elers were to be fed, regardless of number. Nabal was
teaching license could be approved. financially able to do this. Second, David and his men
I started working at the shop in August, and by the had been protecting Nabal’s men and his sheep, and a
beginning of November, my teaching approval was meal was the least he should have offered as a token
just around the corner. One day, I mentioned to the of appreciation.
store manager that I was hoping to have the approval Abigail was a wise woman, and God used her
by the end of the year. Within twenty-four hours, I wisdom to stop David from making an unwise and
was terminated from my position! I was so frustrated! extremely harmful action — taking vengeance upon
This was our only guaranteed income, and now it was Nabal and also killing innocent people. Abigail clearly
gone. understood that David would be king. Nabal indicated
My first instinct was to overreact and to march his unwillingness to acknowledge that when he said,
down to that dress shop and give the manager a piece “Who is David?” (verse 10). The rest of that verse
of my mind. How could she just terminate me! How- shows that Nabal was a backer of King Saul. Abigail
ever, it was a Wednesday night so there was a prayer honored David; fourteen times she called him “lord.”
meeting in our little branch church. Before prayer David showed his own wisdom by listening to the ad-
meeting, we had Sunday school round table. The les- vice of this woman and admitting his error.
son that night was on giving thanks in all things. I The phrase “he became as a stone” (verse 37),
have to admit I was not feeling very thankful. In fact, probably means that Nabal had a stroke. Ten days
I was feeling decidedly indignant. That night I really later, he died.
prayed and asked God to help me be thankful, even Michal was David’s first wife, Saul’s daughter,
though I could not understand why I had lost my job. whom Saul had given to David. When David fled,
The very next day, an opportunity came up for a Saul gave Michal to Phalti, forcing her into adultery.
better position, closer to my field of study, and paying No doubt Saul felt that removing Michal from David’s
$3.00 more per hour. If I had not been fired from the household further weakened David’s claim to the
dress shop, I would not have even been looking for throne by severing his legal ties with royalty.
this opportunity. God had a plan! When Abigail became David’s wife, Nabal’s prop-
No doubt, we will all face situations at some time erty and riches came to him also. The land was near
where we feel we have been wronged. Our first im- Hebron, which David later made his royal residence.
pulse may be to retaliate or at least hope the other
party gets what they deserve. God would have us turn AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

these types of situations over to Him. We cannot see II. The reign of Saul
the whole picture, and even if we could, we might B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
not understand all the implications. By asking the of David
Lord to help us feel a spirit of thanksgiving, and by 2. David in exile from Saul
 l. His flight in the wilderness of 3. Think of a time in your life when you wanted to
Paran (25:1-44) seek revenge. How did you overcome that feeling?
(1) The death of Samuel (25:1)
(2) The refusal of Nabal (25:2-13)
(3) The intercession of Abigail
(25:14-31)
(4) The acceptance by David
(25:32-35)
(5) The death of Nabal (25:36-38)
(6) The marriage of Abigail to
David (25:39-42)
(7) The marriage of Ahinoam to
David (25:43)
(8) The fate of Michal (25:44)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What was David’s reaction when he heard Nabal’s
response to his request? CONCLUSION
God used Abigail to prevent David from taking
justice into his own hands. If we will let him, God will
help us handle difficult situations when they arise.
NOTES

2. What are some possible reasons that Abigail

stepped in to remedy the situation?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 26:1 through 27:12

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS This pursuit of David was encouraged by the

tale-bearing Ziphites. They betrayed David’s location
“The Lord render to every man his righteousness to Saul as a means of obtaining favor from him. The
and his faithfulness: for the Lord delivered thee Ziphites had two distinct reasons why they should not
into my hand to day, but I would not stretch forth have done this. They were related to Caleb, one of
mine hand against the Lord’s anointed.” Israel’s founding spiritual giants, though they shared
(1 Samuel 26:23) none of his spiritual valor. Secondly, like David, they
were members of the tribe of Judah. They had every
One time, our family had the opportunity to ob- reason to be loyal, but they went in the opposite direc-
serve a glassblower at work. She was shaping a vase, tion, jeopardizing the life of a man of God. Still, the
which was mounted on a tube so she could put it into Lord’s hand of protection was on David, and all their
the furnace for heating. Repeatedly she placed the vase efforts were futile.
in the furnace, then took it out and shaped it by rolling David had a strategic need to know Saul’s location
it against newspapers that she held in her gloved hand. so he could stay ahead of him. Through his network
The glass was so hot that the newspapers charred. of spies, David kept abreast of Saul’s exact location
When the artist was satisfied with the vase, she and the strength of the army with him. Verse 12 men-
prepared to remove it from the tube. She said that this tions that a “deep sleep from the Lord was fallen upon
was one of the most critical points of the whole pro- them.” God’s hand was clearly protecting David.
cess. The vase was heated again and then cooled to a This was the second distinct time that David had
particular temperature. Next she gave a sharp blow at the opportunity to take Saul’s life if he had wanted to
the exact point of the mounting. She told us that some- do so. The first time is noted in chapter 24 where we
times a vase breaks under the sharp blow, and then all see that the locations, David’s companions, the items
her labor is wasted. removed from Saul, and the verbal exchanges between
Watching the glassblower was an object les- David and Saul were all different.
son in how God works on us. He may allow us to be Abner was the captain of Saul’s army and also his
heated in the furnace of affliction — financial prob- cousin (1 Samuel 14:50). Abishai was David’s nephew.
lems, stresses, difficult relationships, loss of a loved “Sleeping within the trench” means that Saul was in
one — so that we can be shaped as He desires. If God the camp and the baggage and wagons were around the
in His infinite wisdom allows a “sharp blow” as a test, outside.
we do not want to “shatter” at that moment. On this occasion, as in the first, David’s men urged
God had been shaping David in the furnace of af- him to take Saul’s life. David’s refusal was based on
fliction. He had been running and hiding from Saul for his reverence for God and the fact that Saul had been
a number of years. At the time of our text, David expe- appointed by God. David had learned to discern and
rienced a sharp blow — a test of his integrity. When he respect anything that had God’s signature on it, and
had the opportunity to take his enemy’s life, David did God had directed Samuel to anoint Saul as king. David
not shatter. He knew that God had appointed Saul to be knew that even when Saul had forfeited his kingship,
king and that, in His own time, God would work out respect for God’s appointment was still needed.
every detail. His respect for God’s anointed led David Taking Saul’s water jug and spear proved that
to act honorably. David had been right beside him, and also that he
God can help us behave honorably also when a had no intension of taking Saul’s life. The spear was
sharp blow comes to us. We cannot survive in our own a king’s symbol of authority. The ensuing dialog be-
strength, but by God’s strength we can be victorious. tween Saul and David was their last.
David knew that in spite of his words, Saul
BACKGROUND could not be trusted, so he went again to Philistia.
Saul had ample warnings to change from his mur- The Philistines had five major cities and five co-rulers.
derous ways. On an earlier occasion, after David had Achish was the ruler of Gath, and he allowed David to
spared his life, he seemed to have repented and had move to Ziklag. From there, David and his men made
promised to leave David alone, but that resolve was guerrilla-type attacks that benefited and helped both
not genuine. Evil had taken root in Saul’s life and was the Philistines and the Israelites. It is possible that the
firmly in control of him. With 3,000 men, Saul re- group of people with David may have numbered as
sumed his hot pursuit of David. many as two or three thousand.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch 3. How can actions in small matters of integrity pre-
pare us to act honorably in a crisis?
II. The reign of Saul
B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
of David
2. David in exile from Saul
m. His flight in the wilderness of Ziph
(26:1-25)
(1) The Ziphites again inform on
David (26:1-5)
(2) David again spares Saul
(26:6-12)
(3) David’s words to Abner
(26:13-16)
(4) David’s words to Saul
(26:17-20)
(5) Saul’s reply (26:21-25)
n. His flight to Philistia
(1) His stay in Gath (27:1-4) CONCLUSION
(2) His residence at Ziklag A deep respect for God and His actions and timing
(27:5-7) can help us stay right in our hearts. God may be work-
(3) His deception (27:8-12) ing on us today, but He will bring us through if we
honor Him.
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did Saul say when he found that David had NOTES
spared his life again?

2. Why do you think God allowed David this opportu-

nity to kill Saul?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 28:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS We would do well to heed God’s voice and in-

structions when He speaks to us, and not take matters
“Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask into our own hands. The ultimate rejection will occur
of me, seeing the Lord is departed from thee, and if we refuse God and His plan for us. Our success,
is become thine enemy?” (1 Samuel 28:16) now and eternally, rests in our acceptance of God’s
will and plan for our lives.
Our seven-year-old daughter loves to socialize.
She does not meet strangers — just people she has not BACKGROUND
met before. One day, she was invited to a slumber par- When the Philistine army gathered against Israel,
ty by one of her school classmates. As her dad, I saw Saul had no one he could turn to for help and direc-
several legitimate reasons not to let her go. One of my tion. Samuel, his primary consul in matters relating to
parental responsibilities is ensuring the physical, emo- God, was dead, and all the prophets had been annihi-
tional, and spiritual well-being of my children. My lated per Saul’s command. David, once the protector
wife and I try to be very careful in exposing our chil- of the King, had escaped to the land of the Philistines,
dren to influences and atmospheres that run contrary leaving King Saul to his own devices.
to a wholesome Christian home. Gathered in the broad valley of Jezreel, the Phi-
I did not know the parents of her classmate nor listine army was an awesome spectacle for the much
the lifestyle they lived, and there was not time to smaller Israelite army assembled in Gilboa. The sight
check into the home and family. Therefore, when my caused Saul to fear and “his heart greatly trembled.”
daughter came to me and asked if she could go, I told Divine instruction was generally received in three
her she could not. She said, “Everyone else is going. ways: dreams, Urim, and the prophets. With a dream,
It’s not fair that you always say no!” Then, wanting individuals prayed for instruction and asked that God
to have her own way in the matter, she went to her would answer by a significant dream. These dreams
mother and pled her case — within my earshot. I took were either revelations received while the individuals
her aside and asked what she hoped to gain by going slept at sacred spots, or they were dreams received by
to her mom when the answer was clearly no. I knew prophets.
my wife and I were in total agreement on this issue, The Urim was an oracular answer given to the
and despite her tears and pleas to go, my wife and I High Priest when clothed with the ephod, which had
remained firm in our decision because we felt it was a pouch that held the Urim and Thummim — two
in her best interest. small objects that the priests used to determine God’s
Oftentimes we encounter situations in life where will in particular matters. They were simple yes or no
we are tempted to do what we want to do, even answers. God used them to guide His people.
though we have been explicitly told not to. King Saul, The prophets were specifically asked by an indi-
a man anointed and chosen by God, made some choic- vidual to consult God regarding the subject in ques-
es that were in direct opposition to God’s instructions. tion and to report back God’s answer. At this point
Due to his disobedience and subsequent lies, God re- in history, the prophets could only be those in the
moved the kingship from him and gave it to David. schools of the prophets which were established by
At the point recorded in today’s text, we see King Samuel in Naioth and Gibeah. In this instance, how-
Saul asking for help from a source that he himself had ever, calling upon God gave Saul no hope, because
banished from the land of Israel — witchcraft. Saul God did not answer.
felt so lost and alone as he faced the impending fight The woman of Endor has posed questions for
with the Philistines that he was determined to go to countless theologians through the centuries. Accord-
any length to receive guidance from God — even if ing to the professed rules of their art, these mediums
it meant using witchcraft to try to call Samuel back typically personified the individual the seeker desired
from the dead. to see. They also were known to assume the form and
The message to King Saul did not change. It character of the person and provide information re-
was the same as what would have been expected had lated to the seeking individual. This information was
Samuel still been alive. Whatever hope King Saul often scanty, vague, and uncertain.
expected to receive by meeting with a “resurrected” Did Samuel actually commune with King Saul?
Samuel was dashed to pieces when he heard of his Perhaps. God may have allowed Samuel to appear to
own imminent death. accomplish His purpose with Saul. Credence is given
to this theory due to the medium’s reaction of crying 3. What are some possible consequences if we insist
“with a loud voice” (verse 12). This was obviously on our own ways in spite of what God tells us?
not customary for her, because Samuel appeared be-
fore she was able to do any of her incantations.
On the other hand, this episode could have been
a complete fabrication of a wicked witch who know-
ingly took advantage of a backslidden and distressed
king, making him believe Samuel actually appeared.
The possibility also exists that a demon appeared,
impersonating Samuel.
In no way does this incident justify the practice of
witchcraft, mediums, spiritualists, etc. God is against
all such practices.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
CONCLUSION
II. The reign of Saul
B. The decline of King Saul and the rise Saul experienced the ultimate refusal — rejection
of David by God. Given his history of disobedience and arro-
2. David in exile from Saul gance, we know that Saul caused his own downfall.
n. His flight to Philistia Through Saul’s mistakes, we can learn to follow God
(4) The Philistine advance on in obedience and enjoy the blessings that come to one
Israel who is wholeheartedly doing God’s will.
(a) Saul’s consultation with
the witch of Endor NOTES
(28:1-25)
[1] Saul’s search for
spiritual aid (28:1-7)
[2] Saul’s conversation
with the woman of
Endor (28:8-14)
[3] Samuel’s discourse
with Saul (28:15-19)
[4] Saul’s fear
(28:20-25)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. For whom did David become the captain of the
guard?

2. The news that Saul received was not what he want-

ed to hear. What do you think Saul hoped would be
said?
 DAYBREAK
1 Samuel 29:1 through 31:13

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS After David had encouraged himself, he asked the

Lord what he should do about his problem. The Lord
“And David was greatly distressed; for the people invites us to “come boldly unto the throne of grace,
spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in
people was grieved, every man for his sons and for time of need” (Hebrews 4:16).
his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the God told David what to do, and the end of the sto-
Lord his God.” (1 Samuel 30:6) ry is that not only did David and his men rescue their
families; they also got much spoil from the enemy and
“Discouragement is of the devil,” my mother used were better off than they were before.
to say emphatically when I would get in one of my God wants all of us to be more than conquerors.
teenage mood swings. I was not sure I believed her If only we will ask, He will lead us through every dif-
then. I rather enjoyed a little pity party occasionally! ficulty we face, and we will find ourselves spiritually
However, the longer I live, the more certain I become richer at the conclusion of the trial than we were at its
that she was right. beginning.
Discouragement — that feeling of gloom, op-
pression, like nothing will ever work out right BACKGROUND
again — spiritually disables us as long as we allow it David’s battle with the Amalekites was a direct
to remain. result of Saul’s disobedience. God commanded Saul
Madame Guyon lived a wonderful Christian life to destroy all of the Amalekites, but Saul chose not to
in the early 1700s. She was persecuted and impris- complete his mission. As a result, the people of Ziklag
oned for her faith. This is what she had to say about suffered and David was forced into another battle.
discouragement: David and his men destroyed the Amalekites.
“I entreat you, give no place to despondency. This While David was fighting the Amalekites, Saul
is a dangerous temptation — a refined, not a gross and his army were fighting the Philistines on Mount
temptation of the adversary. Melancholy contracts and Gilboa. After being mortally wounded, Saul requested
withers the heart, and renders it unfit to receive the that his armor bearer take his life. The Philistines had
impressions of grace. It magnifies and gives a false a well-earned reputation for torturing their captives.
coloring to objects, and thus renders your burdens too One of the first priorities of combat was to capture the
heavy to bear. God’s designs regarding you, and the king. Once captured, the king was often tortured and
methods of bringing about those designs, are infinitely mutilated if still alive. Saul knew he was going to die,
wise.”1 and when his armor bearer refused to kill him, he fell
You might respond, “But my problems are real, upon his sword.
not just a teenage girl’s mood swings.” David’s prob- The men of Jabesh-gilead heard about Saul and
lems were real too! His family and the families of all his sons being slain, and risked their lives, traveling
his men had been kidnapped, and now his men were 10 to 20 miles to rescue the bodies and carry them
talking, not of banding together to rescue the cap- back across the Jordan River. The flesh was then
tives, but of stoning David! “And David was greatly burned off the bodies, in accordance with the tradition
distressed.” Sometimes things happen that will be of the day, when it was not possible to give a proper
distressing. When they do, we must follow David’s burial to the bodies in their current state.
example.
First, “David encouraged himself in the Lord
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

his God.” The Bible does not say exactly how he did II. The reign of Saul
this. Maybe he pulled out his harp and sang one of his B. The decline of King Saul and the rise
psalms. One great way to encourage ourselves is to of David
sing a song of praise. Perhaps David rehearsed how 2. David in exile from Saul
the Lord had delivered the giant, Goliath, into his n. His flight to Philistia
hand when all of the army of Israel thought the situ- (4) The Philistine advance on
ation was impossible. Remembering how the Lord Israel
helped us through a hard time, or helped someone else (b) The departure of David
when they faced a problem similar to ours, is another from the Philistine ranks
great way to encourage ourselves in the Lord. (29:1 
—  30:31)
 [1] The reaction of the 3. How can we apply the provisions and guidance
Philistine lords God provided for David to our own situation in life?
(29:1-5)
[2] The dismissal of
David (29:6-11)
[3] The Amalekites raid
Ziklag (30:1-6)
[4] The pursuit of David
after the Amalekites
(30:7-31)
[a] The inquiry
of the Lord
(30:7-10)
[b] The finding of
an Egyptian 4. What example of David can we follow to ensure
slave (30:11-15) we have God’s guidance?
[c] The slaughter of
the Amalekites
(30:16-20)
[d] The dividing
of the spoils
(30:21-31)
(c) The dividing of the spoils
(31:1-13)
[1] The death of Saul
(31:1-6)
[2] The dishonoring of
Saul (31:7-10)
[3] The recovery of CONCLUSION
Saul’s body
Are you tempted to feel discouraged by life’s di-
(31:11-13)
lemmas? Encourage yourself in the Lord, and trust
A CLOSER LOOK God to guide and help you overcome!
1. How did God use the Egyptian slave, which the NOTES
Amalekites had left behind, to assist David?

2. Why did David send some of the battle plunder to

the tribe of Judah?

1. Mrs. Charles E. Cowman, “Why Dost Thou Worry Thyself?” Streams in the Desert.
 DAYBREAK
Section Introduction

Overview for 2 Samuel

Purpose: The Books of Samuel, together with at the death of Saul, which was a turning point in the
Joshua, Judges, and the Books of Kings, offer a his- history of Israel.
tory of God’s providential dealings with His people. The books bear many evidences of being com-
The Book of 2 Samuel records the history of David’s piled from pre-existing documents. History was docu-
reign, and demonstrates that obedience to God brings mented and kept by scribes, and these records became
reward, while disobedience brings punishment. the principal authorities from which historical works
were established. An example of historical documen-
Author: Unknown, but some think Samuel had much tation is in 1 Samuel 10:25, where it said that Samuel
to do with the compiling of information later put in wrote a book descriptive of the manner of the king-
this book. Some have suggested that Zabud, Nathan’s dom; he may also have written other books. Most of
son, may have been the author (1 Kings 4:5). The the accounts and descriptive narratives may be the
book also includes the writings of Nathan and Gad accounts of eyewitnesses. These were written down
(1 Chronicles 29:29). by the inspiration of the Spirit of God, so that the fin-
Date Written: The exact date is unknown, though ished product was neither strictly history nor biogra-
a general time frame can be made based on internal phy, but the living Word of God.
evidence. Samuel was born prior to 1100 B.C. during The Book of 2 Samuel deals almost completely
the Philistine oppression. The conclusion of the book with the account of David as king, which is concluded
cannot be ascribed to a period earlier than the closing in 1 Kings. The events in 2 Samuel are a direct contin-
years of David’s reign, since it contains the last words uation of the history recorded in 1 Samuel. This book
of the king but no mention of his death. Most com- tells how David attained the throne of Israel, and how
mentators feel that it was completed somewhere be- he administered successfully the affairs of the king-
tween 1050 and 930 B.C. dom through an eventful period of forty years. The ac-
count can be divided into three sections: David’s rise
Setting: The Book of 2 Samuel records the history of (chapter 2-10), David’s fall and punishment (chapters
David’s reign over Judah and then over all of Israel. 11-20), and David’s closing days (chapters 21-24).
Key People: David, Abner, Joab, Michal, Ishbaal, After the rebellion, in which some of David’s own
Bathsheba, Nathan, and Absalom. family turned against him, he regained the rulership
over Israel. David began the reconstruction and col-
Summary: In the Hebrew, the manuscripts forming lected great provisions for the building of the Temple.
1 and 2 Samuel are one book. The book was separated He was not allowed to build the Temple, but the last
into two volumes by the Septuagint translators, later verses of 2 Samuel tell of David’s purchase of Arau-
adopted in the Vulgate translation, and was first trans- nah’s threshing floor, on which David erected an altar
lated in the Hebrew Bibles at Venice in 1518. The (chapter 24:24-25). This later became the very spot
division between the books was appropriately made where the Temple was built (2 Chronicles 3:1).
Timeline Many of these dates are approximate, as reference materials differ.

Judges Saul David Solomon The

begin is made is made is born kingdom
to rule king king of 991 is divided
1375 B.C. 1050 Israel 930
1003
T h e D a y s o f t h e J u d g e s David & David’s
Bathsheba census
sin 980 (?)
997 (?)
Saul dies; David dies;
David is Solomon is
made king made king
of Judah 970
1010

Outline Hannah’s Bible Outlines used by permission per WORDsearch.

A complete amplified outline of this book is available on our website at www.apostolicfaith.org.

I. The success of King David (1:1 — 9:13)

A. His reign over Judah (1:1 — 4:12)
B. His reign over all Israel (5:1 — 9:13)
II. The shame of King David (10:1 — 20:26)
A. David’s sin with Bathsheba (10:1 — 12:31)
B. David’s problems with his family (13:1 — 20:26)
III. Appendices (21:1 — 24:25)
A. The famine because of Saul’s wrath (21:1-14)
B. The destruction of Goliath’s descendants (21:15-22)
C. The song of David’s deliverance from Saul (22:1-51)
D. The concluding words of David (23:1-7)
E. The roster of David’s mighty men (23:8-39)
F. The sin of David in numbering the people (24:1-25)
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 1:1-27

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS gone through grief ourselves and experienced God’s

help as we get through each day, we are able to share
“Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent this knowledge with others in their hour of need.
them; and likewise all the men that were with him: Let us learn from David’s example and keep the
and they mourned, and wept, and fasted until even, lines of communication with God open continually.
for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the peo- Through His guidance we can react appropriately,
ple of the Lord, and for the house of Israel; because be comforted in sorrow, and be able to help comfort
they were fallen by the sword.” (2 Samuel 1:11-12) others.

It seemed as though the world stood still for a BACKGROUND

space of time when the World Trade Center and the Samuel had anointed David to be the successor to
Pentagon were attacked on September 11, 2001. Saul as king around 1063 B.C. Near that time, David
People watched the news reports in shock and dis- had been called to play his harp for King Saul in order
belief. The heart-bruised sensation that accompanied to calm the King. Saul and David’s relationship had
the attacks lingered for weeks, even for those of us on started out beautifully, but as soon as David received
the other side of the continent who had no relatives greater applause for killing Goliath than Saul was re-
among the lost. It was difficult to grasp the degree ceiving, Saul had tried to spear David with a javelin.
of mourning experienced by those who lost multiple For the next seven to ten years, David had been forced
beloved friends and family members on that fateful to run from Saul to preserve his life.
day. Our prayers went up on their behalf to our loving Despite this persecution, David had high respect
Heavenly Father, who alone could provide the healing for Saul as the anointed king of Israel. Note that
balm needed to assuage their grief. David did not consider Saul to be his enemy, even
Our text tells of David’s reaction to the death of though Saul hunted David for years. Twice, when
Saul, his honored ruler, and of Saul’s son Jonathan, David had an opportunity to take Saul’s life, he did
whose heart was knit together with David’s. David not harm him because of his respect for the Lord’s
was deeply distressed by the news of their deaths, and anointed.
he lamented aloud, mourning and weeping until eve- It was about eighty miles from the area of battle
ning. However, David’s trust in God was unshaken, where Saul was slain to Ziklag where David lived.
and he continued to look to the Lord for leading in the No doubt the Amalekite who brought the news of
ensuing days. Saul’s death thought he would receive a reward. Since
David’s example in time of sorrow is helpful to 1 Samuel 31:4 and 1 Chronicles 10:4 state that Saul
each of us because he knew where to turn for strength. killed himself, it is possible that the Amalekite lied
Mourning is part of life — inevitably we all will expe- about his own participation in Saul’s death, again
rience the death of someone we love — and it is due in hope of a reward. The Hebrew word for stranger
to our attachments to others that we are vulnerable means “sojourner,” which indicates he may have been
to grief. However, we remember God’s promise that living in Israel and therefore should have known to
those who mourn will be comforted. Then, when we honor God’s anointed king. Also, the Amalekites were
have received the Lord’s comfort, we are more able to the enemies that Saul had been instructed to destroy.
comfort others. He must have been extremely surprised at David’s re-
Grieving educates us in areas we do not learn oth- action.
erwise. The lesson of sorrow is not to avoid loving David’s natural temper was very tender: he was
others simply because it will inevitably cause heart- kindly affected even to those that hated him, and he
ache when we lose them. God commands us to love, behaved himself honorably and well. David and his
and we recognize that our lives are wholly enriched men mourned, wept, and fasted for all of the fallen,
by our love for and interaction with lives around us. especially for Saul and Jonathan. Their weapons were
Eventually it sinks in that our most important mission also mourned because of the role they played in deliv-
is to show forth God’s love to the people whose lives erance and victory for Israel.
we touch, rather than leaving some visible mark on David was sincere in his mourning. It affected all
the world around us. In doing so we will reap the ben- that were with him, causing them to also rend their
efits of rejoicing with them in their joys, and we will garments and grieve. He did not rejoice over the death
also weep with those who are weeping. Once we have of the man who had tried to kill him (showing a desire
for public justice over private grievance), and grieved
sincerely and publicly over the loss of his king and his
friend.
Public lament was part of the custom of that day
in times of mourning. Rending or tearing of clothes,
along with placing ashes or dirt on the head and wear- 3. Since others may not always act in a way that we
ing of sackcloth, were all expressions of deep sor- consider to be perfect, what should our reaction be to
row — visible signs of mourning. Each of these signs any missteps?
made the concerned person less presentable to others,
giving them a humble aspect, and they were signs of
sadness or distress.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

I. The success of King David

A. His reign over Judah
1. David’s lament for Saul and Jonathan
(1:1-27)
a. The announcement of their deaths
(1:1-10)
b. The grief of David (1:11-12)
c. The slaying of the Amalekite
(1:13-16)
d. The lament song of David
(1:17-27)
CONCLUSION
A CLOSER LOOK Maybe today your heart is aching with grief. Look
1. How long had David been back home after recover- to God and find comfort in Him.
ing the wives, children, and possessions of the people
of Ziklag before he received word of the death of NOTES
Saul?

2. In light of the fact that Saul hunted David to kill

him for many years, why did David not rejoice over
Saul’s death?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 2:1-32

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS man after His own heart. Saul had pursued David to
kill him, but when Saul himself died, David mourned
“And David sent messengers unto the men of Ja- him bitterly. He did so, not because of what Saul did,
besh-gilead, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of but because of who he was by God’s calling: the King
the Lord, that ye have shewed this kindness unto of Israel.
your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him. David also showed a godly character by praying
And now the Lord shew kindness and truth unto to God for guidance. Rather than simply assuming his
you: and I also will requite you this kindness, be- place as king in Saul’s absence, he asked God what
cause ye have done this thing.” (2 Samuel 2:5-6) to do. God told him to go to Judah, and when David
asked which city, God told him to go to Hebron. This
An anecdote about Abraham Lincoln reflects also shows something about David. The fact that
the principle illustrated by David’s example. One of David could discern God’s voice to such a precise
Lincoln’s bitter political enemies was Edwin M. Stan- degree reveals the closeness of his relationship with
ton, a member of James Buchanan’s cabinet. Stanton God. Since David’s instructions were of God, it is
was of a different political party and despised Lin- not surprising that they met with success; David was
coln, both politically and personally. When Lincoln anointed king in Hebron.
was elected president, in spite of men like Stanton, he One of his first acts as king was to praise the city
set about to form his own cabinet. When he needed of Jabesh-gilead for burying Saul and Jonathan. This
to fill the post of Secretary of War, he chose none was clearly no political move — David had secured
other than Edwin Stanton. The Civil War was raging the crown — but this once again demonstrates the
and appointing a political enemy to control the War complete absence of vengeance or malice in David’s
Department seemed to be a very unwise move. But heart. He then encouraged the people of Jabesh-gilead
Lincoln stood by Stanton’s appointment and, as to continue as the people of God. David had a clear
historian James McPherson relates, Stanton “revised vision of what God’s mission was for Israel.
his politics and his opinion” of Lincoln after assum- A rivalry soon appeared to David’s throne, how-
ing his post. He served Lincoln’s administration, the ever, when Abner anointed Saul’s son, Ishbosheth,
War Department, and the country with “incorruptible to be king. Abner’s move may have seemed logical
efficiency.” At Lincoln’s death, it was Edwin Stanton to him, but it was not according to God’s will. For a
who uttered the now-famous words, “Now he belongs while, the majority of the people followed Ishbosheth,
to the ages.” the man chosen by men’s wisdom, while comparative-
Another anecdote about Lincoln demonstrates this ly few followed David, the man chosen by God. Ten-
aspect of Lincoln’s character even more graphically. sion between the two groups of followers grew until
During the Civil War, Lincoln shocked a bystander civil war broke out and it ended in the tragic death of
by making a favorable remark about the South. After Joab’s brother, Asahel. Nevertheless, Abner’s side in
a woman expressed her reaction, Lincoln answered, the battle had many more casualties than David’s side,
“Madam, do I not destroy my enemies when I make and David’s strength grew while Ishbosheth’s strength
them my friends?” weakened continually. In fact, it is noteworthy that
We are not really fighting human enemies, but en- Ishbosheth did not take the initiative to claim the
mity itself. By the power of God’s love we can defeat crown, but was set up by a general, and Abner clearly
the hostility that the devil tries to put between us and appears to have been the real leader.
others. Saul let enmity come between himself and Da-
vid, but David would give the devil no such victory. If AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

circumstances or people oppose us, especially in our I. The success of King David
relationship with God, we need to recognize our ene- A. His reign over Judah
my’s real identity. Like David, we need to call on our 2. David’s anointing as king (2:1-7)
truest Ally. God is ready to fight for us as He did for 3. David’s securement of his throne
David, and only He can win all our battles. a. The revolt of Abner against David
(2:8-11)
BACKGROUND b. The pursuit of Abner by Joab
This text demonstrates why David stood apart (2:12-32)
from other earthly kings and why God called him a (1) Joab’s initial victory (2:12-17)
 (2)
Asahel’s death (2:18-23)
(3)
Abner’s retreat to Mahanaim
(2:24-29)
(4)
Joab’s return (2:30-32)

A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why did David commend the city of Jabesh-gilead?
CONCLUSION
Let God fight your battles. If you trust and follow
Him as David did, He will give victory every time.
NOTES

2. Why do you think Abner opposed David’s reign as

king over Israel?

3. How should we respond to people who treat us

wrongly?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 3:1 through 4:12

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS attitude before the people reflected this. He was look-
ing to God in every aspect of his life by maintaining a
“And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased close relationship, and being sensitive to His guidance.
them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the People are watching us every day. What do they
people.” (2 Samuel 3:36) see? Are we living and reacting in ways that will make
us the kind of role models that will be pleasing before
The little girl clumsily descended the stairs, one God and man? When we face difficult situations, we
hand clutching the stair rail and a purse, the other want to have a godly reaction, like David did, so that
struggling to keep her skirt out of the way of the high- others will know we have spent time with God, and He
heeled shoes which threatened to fall off at every step. will be glorified by our lives.
Her hat kept falling down over one eye, making it even
more difficult to safely negotiate the final steps. She BACKGROUND
may have presented a comical sight to an onlooker, but In the time since Samuel had anointed David king,
she was very serious in what she was doing — she was he had spent many years as a fugitive from King Saul.
being a “beautiful lady,” just like her mother, grand- However, rather than becoming bitter or hard through
mother, or some other feminine influence in her life. this experience, he had used that time to grow stronger
A young boy brought his toy toolbox into the in his relationship with God.
kitchen, where his father was stretched out full-length Upon hearing of Saul’s death, David inquired of
with his head under the kitchen sink. Pretty soon there the Lord for guidance, rather than immediately seizing
were two pairs of legs protruding across the kitchen control of the throne. Following God’s instruction, he
floor as the little one manfully tried to “help” his father moved to Hebron, and the “men of Judah came, and
repair the clogged drain. there they anointed David king over the house of
In both of these cases, the motivation for the Judah” (2 Samuel 2:4). His first recorded act as king
child’s actions was a desire to be like someone else. was to show kindness to the men of Jabesh-gilead,
Children learn from the people around them — how who had buried Saul and his sons.
to walk, how to talk, how to treat others, and how to Even though David had been anointed king by
love and serve God. In today’s passage, David was Judah, there were many who did not want to follow
presented with several challenges where his godly atti- him. Civil war ensued, and it was over seven years be-
tude became very apparent. He was leaning heavily on fore David was finally crowned king over all of Israel.
God for strength and guidance, and this showed in his Under Abner’s direction, the rest of Israel made
interaction with the people. In his humility and sensi- Saul’s son Ishbosheth king. Ishbosheth reigned for two
tivity to the will of God, he provided an example that years. Quite possibly, Abner, who was Saul’s nephew
pleased the people and caused them to desire to follow as well as his military commander, saw in Ishbosheth
him. an opportunity for personal gain and also to maintain
Each time he was presented with a difficult situ- control of the country. This thought is borne out in
ation, David sought God and responded according to 2 Samuel 2:14, when Abner proposed that twelve
His directions. When Joab and Abishai killed Abner, young men from each side should fight. He planned to
David made a public display of his sorrow, and hon- prove to the men of Benjamin that they were stronger
ored Abner by leading the people in mourning at his than the men of Judah. Instead, all twenty-four of the
burial. David also instructed the brothers to take part young men were killed. This resulted in a severe battle
in this public ceremony. When Abner’s captains took that same day, and Abner and the men of Israel were
matters into their own hands, and thinking to gain defeated by David’s men.
favor in David’s eyes, killed Ishbosheth, David’s re- The captain of David’s army was Joab, who was
sponse was quick and sure. He reminded them of what the son of David’s sister, Zeruiah. Joab had two broth-
had happened to the messenger who attempted to gain ers, Asahel and Abishai, who also served in David’s
favor by pretending to have killed God’s anointed army. While the army of Israel was in retreat, Asahel
(Saul), and dealt with them in the same manner. He pursued Abner and challenged him. Abner apparently
took no delight in the death of Ishbosheth, and mourn- did not wish to harm him, but Asahel was persistent.
ed for him and treated his body with respect. Finally, Abner struck Asahel with the butt of his spear,
David was willing to let God place him on the and Asahel died. Joab and Abishai eventually killed
throne in His own time and in His own way, and his Abner because of Asahel’s death.
 The sum of the entire situation was, “David waxed
stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed
weaker and weaker” (2 Samuel 3:1). David, as God’s
anointed one, was walking close to God and remem-
bering to rely on Him for triumph over Ishbosheth and
Abner, and his eventual kingship over the entire nation
of Israel.
3. What spiritual qualities in your life have been im-
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch pacted by the example of others?
I. The success of King David
A. His reign over Judah
3. David’s securement of his throne
c. The extended civil war (3:1)
d. The increase of David’s family
(3:2-5)
e. The defection of Abner from
Ishbosheth (3:6-39)
(1) The cause of the defection
(3:6-11)
(2) The negotiations for the
defection (3:12-16)
(3) The consultation after the
defection (3:17-21)
(4) The death of Abner by Joab
(3:22-30) CONCLUSION
(5) The lament of David for Are you listening closely for God’s voice to guide
Abner (3:31-39) you in every aspect of your life? If you maintain a
f. The cessation of the revolt (4:1-12) close relationship with Him, He will make you a per-
(1) The capitulation of Ishbosheth son who is an example that will lead others to Christ.
(4:1-3)
(2) The assassination of NOTES
Ishbosheth (4:4-8)
(3) The punishment of the
assassins (4:9-12)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. List the names of David’s sons born while they were
in Hebron.

2. What do you find in today’s reading that would

cause you to believe that Ishbosheth was a “puppet
king” and that Abner was the real leader of Israel?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 5:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Samuel, and the second when David was made King
over the tribe of Judah.
“And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a David determined to establish his kingdom in
going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then Jerusalem, which was still inhabited and controlled by
thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the Lord go the Jebusites, a Canaanite tribe of people. The city was
out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines.” well fortified and the Jebusites taunted David saying
(2 Samuel 5:24) that even the blind and the lame could defend the city
and prevail because it was so impregnable. David’s
For many months, I had a particular burden on men were able to enter Jerusalem by a water tunnel.
my heart concerning one of my children. I wept many In just the last century, a shaft has been discovered in
tears and prayed for hours. Often in the night, I woke Jerusalem, connecting to a water tunnel forty-feet
and beseeched the Lord on behalf of my child. I would deep and leading outside the walls of the city. After
remind the Lord of promises in His Word. I rebuked this victory, Jerusalem was called the City of David.
Satan and claimed victory through Christ. At times the When the Philistines heard that David had been
burden eased, but then it would come again. anointed king over all Israel, they set out to stop him
One night, as I lay in bed talking to the Lord about from taking control of the land. They camped in the
my child, it felt like the Spirit of the Lord came down Valley of Rephaim, which was only a short distance
and suddenly a wonderful peace filled my being. It from Jerusalem. After enquiring of the Lord and re-
was my personal indication — my going in the mul- ceiving instruction to go against the Philistines,
berry trees — and somehow I knew God was going to David defeated them. When they came again, God
work. Instantly, my burden was completely gone. The told David to go to battle only when he heard the
worry and anxiety that had oppressed me was totally sound in the mulberry trees. David obeyed, and won
lifted. I felt light and free — similar to the feeling after the victory over the Philistines.
salvation. Only this time, it was not the burden of sin
that was gone but the burden for my child. For days AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

afterward a wonderful joy filled my heart.

I. The success of King David
There have been good days and hard days in my
B. His reign over all Israel
life since then, but never has the certainty left me that
1. The anointing of David as king (5:1-5)
the Lord will work out every need for my child. In-
2. The securement of David as king
stead of entreating, I now thank the Lord for what He
(5:6-25)
is doing. The peace of knowing the Lord is in control
a. The conquest of Zion, the new
of the situation has never left me. His Spirit has wit-
capitol (5:6-10)
nessed to my spirit that He has begun to work in
b. The friendship of King Hiram
answer to my prayers.
(5:11-12)
God let David know that there would be clear
c. The increased family of David
indications when he and his army should move. Simi-
(5:13-16)
larly, God let me know that He had heard and would
d. The defeat of the Philistines
answer my prayers. What a great encouragement the
(5:17-25)
focus verse is for any one seeking the Lord! There is a
(1) At Baal-perazim (5:17-21)
time of searching the heart, a time of consecration, but
(2) From Geba to Gazer (5:22-25)
then when God has shown His acceptance of the sac-
rifice, and His Spirit hovers near, it is like the going in A CLOSER LOOK
the mulberry trees. The evidence of His Spirit is there
with the promise of victory. It is then we can move 1. Why did God exalt David’s kingdom?
forward and claim the promise!
BACKGROUND
The chapter begins after Saul’s death, with elders
from all of the tribes in Israel gathering in Hebron
to anoint David as king over all Israel. This was the
third time David had been anointed, the first being by
2. Why do you think God asked David to wait until he CONCLUSION
heard the sound in the mulberry trees before going to
battle? It may take seeking, consecration, and time spent
in prayer, but God will come with His Spirit and lead
us to victory!

NOTES

3. How can we be sure the Spirit of God will lead us

to victory in the battles we will face?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 6:1-23

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS that we are doing a good thing. But Reggie discovered
that his “good” choice was not the “best” choice, and
“And when they came to Nachon’s threshingfloor, that his disobedience had far-reaching consequences.
Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark of God, and David likewise learned that there was danger in tak-
took hold of it; for the oxen shook it. And the anger ing matters into his own hands, for in his zeal to bring
of the Lord was kindled against Uzzah; and God the Ark to Jerusalem, he and the priests assisting him
smote him there for his error; and there he died by broke the express commandments of God regarding
the ark of God.” (2 Samuel 6:6-7) how the Ark was to be carried.
When Uzzah put forth his hand to steady the Ark,
Some years ago, a man named Earl Weaver man- he was in violation of God’s law, which forbid human
aged the Baltimore Orioles baseball team. Weaver was hands from touching it. Though it may appear that his
a sharp, calculating man with strict rules for his play- intentions were noble, his death taught David and Is-
ers. One of these rules was that no runner was to steal rael that obedience was paramount. Let us remember
a base without a sign from the coach. their lessons and be careful always to obey the Lord
Reggie Jackson was a star player in those days, implicitly.
and he fancied himself quite skilled at stealing bases.
He knew the strengths and weaknesses of each team’s BACKGROUND
catchers and pitchers, and he studied their habits to Shortly after his ascension to the throne of Israel,
know exactly when he would have the opportunity to David desired to restore the Ark of the Covenant to
break and run for the next base. It was one of Reggie its rightful place in Jerusalem. David had secured po-
Jackson’s specialties. litical unity with his capture of Jerusalem from the
Reggie chafed under the restrictions imposed Jebusites. Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem would result
upon him by Earl Weaver, thinking he could judge the in religious unity, and further strengthen the rule of
players well enough to make his own determinations the new king. Unfortunately, in his zeal David evi-
about when to steal or not to steal a base. One day, dently had not inquired of the Lord before making
Reggie decided to steal a base without a sign. Mark- these plans. He and the priests in charge at the time
ing the moves of the pitcher, Reggie made a daring overlooked God’s strict regulations concerning the
dash for second base, and easily beat the catcher’s Ark, which included that the Ark was not to be trans-
throw to second. He grinned smugly as he dusted off ported on a wagon or cart, but on the shoulders of the
his uniform and stood between second and third bases. Kohathites (Numbers 7:9) and that the Ark was not
Reggie was delighted that he had finally demonstrated to be touched (Numbers 4:15). Rather than following
to his manager that he, for one, did not need to be told the strict instructions laid out in the Book of Numbers,
what to do. David commenced to transport the Ark in a common
Later, Earl Weaver took Reggie aside and ex- fashion, just like the Philistines had once done
plained to him why he had not given the sign for Reg- (1 Samuel 6:7).
gie to steal. The batter following him was Lee May, a The “breach” upon Uzzah means a tearing away,
big hitter, and because Reggie had left first base open, that is, the taking of his life suddenly. This word
the pitcher walked May rather than giving him the graphically shows God’s terrible destroying power.
opportunity to hit. The batter following May had not Uzzah’s actions lacked proper respect for the holy
been strong against that particular pitcher, so Weaver presence of God that the Ark represented. David was
had been forced to substitute with a pinch hitter in an displeased by this event, and at himself for allowing
attempt to bring the men on base home. This switch this calamity to take place.
left the batting line-up weak later in the game. After the sudden death of Uzzah, David realized
Reggie Jackson’s hasty decision to disobey was the awesome responsibility he had undertaken, and
costly to the team. However, he learned a valuable les- changed his plans. Rather than taking the Ark to
son: that his manager had his eyes on the whole game, Jerusalem, he sent it to the house of Obed-edom, a
whereas Reggie had only been thinking of himself. Levite and Kohathite, who could properly care for
As Christians, we may be tempted to take short it. The subsequent blessing of the Lord upon Obed-
cuts or disregard God’s commands simply because we edom’s household was a sign to David that it was now
think we have a good reason. Like Reggie Jackson, safe for him to transport the Ark to Jerusalem, provid-
we may take matters into our own hands, reasoning ed that he did it according to God’s instructions.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch 3. What could be some consequences of choosing our
way over God’s way?
I. The success of King David
B. His reign over all Israel
3. The establishment of a new center of
worship (6:1-23)
a. The Ark transported to Zion
(6:1-5)
b. The sin of Uzziah (6:6-11)
c. The placing of the Ark in David’s
tent (6:12-19)
d. The mockery of Michal (6:20-23)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did David do to demonstrate his happiness
upon bringing the Ark properly into Jerusalem?

CONCLUSION
In his excitement to do something “good,” David
overlooked what was “best” — that is to obey the Lord
fully. The commandments of the Lord are not some-
2. Why do you think Michal was displeased with thing we can take lightly!
David’s exuberance? What do you think her motives
might have been? NOTES
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 7:1-29

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS king sat in his house.” After years of unrest and war,
David was finally able to live in the palace that Hi-
“I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he ram, king of Tyre, had built for him (2 Samuel 5:11).
commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of During this time of peace in his kingdom, David
men, and with the stripes of the children of men: voiced his desire to build a house for the Lord. David
But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as noted that he was living in a “house of cedar,” and the
I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee.” Ark of God was placed “within curtains.” He voiced
(2 Samuel 7:14-15) his thoughts to Nathan, the prophet of God. Upon
hearing David’s suggestions, Nathan immediately
Our first home was located on a street in a rather approved and encouraged David to do what was on
poor district of our city. Most of the homes surround- his heart. However, God spoke to Nathan and let him
ing it were rentals with residents who had little inter- know that He had other plans. He told him to speak to
est in maintaining the properties. However, across David and tell him that He had chosen David’s son to
the street from us was a beautiful colonial-style white build the house of God.
home. It was the nicest house on that street! I loved Included in God’s message, through Nathan, was
to look at it and see the owners constantly improving the promise that God would build a spiritual house
the landscaping by manicuring the lawn and planting through David. This was a prophetic reference to
flowers. Jesus Christ. When David heard this, he did not re-
Some time later, I noticed that the grass was get- spond to God through Nathan. He himself “sat before
ting taller before it was mowed, and nobody planted the Lord” and opened his heart to Him and voiced
flowers in the spring. In fact, after a few months of his gratitude. The statement that he “sat before the
neglect, the house looked deserted! In talking with Lord” likely indicates that he went to the Tabernacle
some of the neighbors, I found out that the family liv- and presented himself before the Lord with thanks-
ing there had split up. The wife and son had moved giving. Instead of kneeling or standing to pray, he sat.
away and only the husband remained in the house. This implies that David took his time to meditate on
For the rest of the time that we lived there, the what God said and also formulate his own response
condition of the home deteriorated. Recently, I drove to God.
by the house and was surprised to see that still no Though David was a man of extraordinary gifts
improvements had been made to it. In fact, it looked and graces, who was honorable as a king and success-
worse than ever. As I drove away, I was reminded of ful against his enemies, he spoke to God as though
what the devil does in the lives of people. He shows he was astounded that God would choose him and his
no mercy, but loves to divide and destroy the lives of family for this great purpose. Before he gave praise
individuals and their families. to God for His greatness, he acknowledged that God
In today’s text we read where God had promised knew his heart, which was the heart of a servant. The
David that His mercy would not depart from his son, word “servant” comes from the Hebrew root word
who would become king after him. This was signifi- abad, which means “to work, to serve, to enslave, to
cant, because God had rejected Saul. What a thrill it be a bondman.” His acceptance speech included
must have been to David to know that mercy would humbling himself to the lowest rank. His discourse to
temper God’s justice in the life of his son! God ended with him claiming his blessing and asking
We, too, can be spared God’s judgment if we God to therefore grant it upon his “house” (posterity)
ask Him to forgive us our sins. We are not worthy of forever.
His mercy, but He freely gives it to us. Do you want
God’s mercy to envelop your life and the lives of AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

those you love? Fear God, keep His commandments, I. The success of King David
and serve Him with all of your heart, soul, mind, and B. His reign over all Israel
strength. God will honor your faithfulness and extend 4. The promise of a perpetual dynasty
His mercy to you. (7:1-29)
a. The desire of David (7:1-3)
BACKGROUND b. The promises from Jehovah
The Lord had established David and his kingdom. through Nathan (7:4-17)
Verse 1 of this chapter begins by stating that “the c. The worship of David (7:18-29)
A CLOSER LOOK CONCLUSION
1. Why did God say David should not be the one to Mercy is an important, freely given ingredient
take on the building project? that we can easily overlook as Christians. Let us ask
God to continue to extend mercy to us, our families,
and those who will succeed us.
NOTES

2. What did David’s response show about his charac-

ter?

3. How has God’s mercy been revealed in your life?

 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 8:1 through 9:13

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS The Philistines were to Israel’s west, the Moabites

were to their east, the Syrians were to their north, and
“And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the the Edomites were to their south. The covenant with
house of Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Abraham had promised Israel the land from the River
Jonathan’s sake?” (2 Samuel 9:1) of Egypt to the Euphrates River, and the Lord helped
David to expand the boundaries of the nation to the
Many years ago, my grandparents moved their largest they had ever been.
family of eight children to Portland, Oregon, so they It is certain that these outlying provinces provided
could worship with the people of the Apostolic Faith income and materials that would be needed in the fu-
Church. Not long after they arrived, one of their sons ture for the building project that David had desired.
contracted diphtheria and passed away. During his ill- The “gifts” mentioned in verse 6 were a type of taxes.
ness, the entire family was quarantined, so my grand- Besides helping support the government of Israel,
father could not work. Even though my grandparents these taxes indicated that Israel was in control of the
were new to the congregation, at various times people subjected nations. David ruled with justice; he was
from the church brought groceries and supplies and fair. As a result, the people of Israel were pleased with
left them on the porch. My grandparents felt loved him and so was God.
and cared for! They had moved because of the teach- It was a common practice in those days for the
ings of the church and the Spirit in the services, but king of a new dynasty to completely eradicate the
the kindness of the people wrapped a bond around members of the former ruler’s family. That must have
their hearts. A family was grounded in the Gospel, and been a dominant thought in Mephibosheth’s mind as
in the years since then, many family members from he traveled from Lodebar, east of the Jordan River,
five generations have chosen to serve God. to Jerusalem to appear before David. As soon as he
As we follow the story of Mephibosheth, we entered the presence of the king, Mephibosheth pros-
see how one generation benefited from the love and trated himself and declared his unworthiness. What
friendship of a former generation. In 1 Samuel, we immense surprise and relief he must have felt when
read of the bond between King Saul’s son Jonathan David told him that because of Jonathan and the love
and David. Now that David had been crowned king they had held for each other, Mephibosheth and his
over the entire nation of Israel, had captured the city son were to become members of David’s own family,
of Jerusalem, and had subdued the enemies that sur- live in his house, and eat at his table!
rounded them, he began to make good on his personal Mephibosheth was probably about twenty-one
promise to Jonathan that his family would not be years old at this time. Along with treating him as a
harmed. He sought out Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth son, David gave Mephibosheth the land that would
and cared for him with kindness, “for Jonathan thy fa- have been Jonathan’s inheritance.
ther’s sake” (2 Samuel 9:7).
God makes it possible for each of us to come to AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Him with humility, and for Jesus’ sake, be made His I. The success of King David
children. Like Mephibosheth, we might feel unworthy, B. His reign over all Israel
but what blessings are in store for us when we realize 5. The extension of David’s kingdom
that they are for us, and accept them! As Christians, (8:1-18)
we also see an important example in David’s actions. a. The conquest of the Philistines
He demonstrated his love for Jonathan by seeking out (8:1)
and “adopting” his son. God has done the same thing b. The conquest of the Moabites (8:2)
for us through the shed Blood of His Son, Jesus. We c. The conquest of the Zobahs (8:3-4)
should desire to share that love with others by seeking d. The conquest of the Syrians (8:5-8)
to show kindness whenever possible. Who knows how e. The diplomatic victory over
far-reaching the blessings might be! Hamath (8:9-12)
f. The conquest of Edom (8:13-14)
BACKGROUND g. The description of David’s reign
Chapter 8 shows how David and his armies sys- (8:15-18)
tematically conquered one enemy after another, un- 6. The care of David for Mephibosheth
til all of the surrounding nations had been subdued. (9:1-13)
 a. Mephibosheth brought to David
(9:1-6)
b. David’s kindness extended to
Mephibosheth (9:7-13)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How did David find Mephibosheth?

CONCLUSION
Just as David showed kindness to Mephibosheth
and his family for Jonathan’s sake, we should show
2. David demonstrated both kingship and kindness. kindness to others — even those that we might per-
Explain why both of these were important in David’s ceive to be our enemies — for Jesus’ sake.
actions toward Mephibosheth.
NOTES

3. Is there someone in your life who you can be kind

to? Name three specific actions you could take to
demonstrate kindness to someone of a different gen-
eration or socioeconomic status.
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 10:1-19

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS for those who are suffering. As we help to lift the bur-
dens of others, we will be fulfilling one of Christ’s
“And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, commissions to His people.
then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Am-
mon be too strong for thee, then I will come and BACKGROUND
help thee.” (2 Samuel 10:11) After Nahash the king of Ammon died, David sent
condolences to Hanun the new king. Hanun distrusted
We are in a spiritual warfare. We are not alone in David’s motives and shamed David’s messengers by
the battle because the Lord is with us. We also stand cutting off part of their garments and cutting off half
shoulder-to-shoulder with the people of God around their beards. Full beards were regarded as a sign of
the world who have joined this great fray. maturity and authority in Israelite culture, so Hanun’s
Many of the spiritual soldiers in this battle are not act caused great offense. When King Hanun realized
young specimens of physical strength. I think of my how seriously this act had angered David, he gath-
mother who, in the latter part of her life, was a very ered his forces together and joined with certain Syrian
frail lady. But could she pray! She had long prayer armies to come toward Jerusalem to battle.
lists, and when she heard of a need, she wrote it on Joab, David’s army captain, divided his army into
her list. After months of praying, she would ask how two groups, and he put one group into the control of
the situation was coming along — after we forgot Abishai his brother, enabling them to come against the
we had ever mentioned it to her. Another thing my enemy on two fronts. They met Ammon’s forces near
mother did was to write letters of encouragement to Rabbah, which was northeast of Jerusalem, and won
people who were housebound. She was legally blind, the victory as the enemy forces fled before Israel.
so she wrote with large letters, but she got her mes- The enemy regrouped and summoned additional
sage across. Although not rich in this world’s goods, Syrian forces to fight Israel, and they gathered in
my mother was very generous, giving little gifts here Helam, which was much farther north. David gathered
or there where she saw a need. Of course, we feel she the Israeli army and led the attack at Helam. Again
was very rich in soul and character! the enemy fled and David was victorious. The Syrians
Then one day, my mother became very ill. Now proceeded to make peace and serve Israel because
it was our turn to lend a helping hand. We were able they feared to attack Israel again.
to bring her into our home for the last months of her
life. I can say it was a privilege to take care of her — it AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
was like caring for an angel. The tables had turned:
my mother, who had given so much to others, was in II. The shame of King David
a position to receive help from someone else. How A. David’s sin with Bathsheba
much like the family of God! At times we have re- 1. The background of David’s shame
sources to share, and at other times we are the recipi- a. Hanun’s insult to David (10:1-5)
ents. Each person looks out for the other and lends a b. Hanun’s coalition with the Syrians
helping hand when needed. (10:6-8)
We are encouraged in God’s Word to help carry c. Joab’s initial defeat of the coalition
the burdens of those around us. We should be on the (10:9-14)
lookout for those who seem heavy-hearted or over- d. David’s second defeat of the
whelmed by their circumstances. We need to be quick Syrians (10:15-19)
to lend a helping hand or to offer an encouraging
word. Let us remember to pray for a brother or sister A CLOSER LOOK
who is going through a trial. As we endeavor to do 1. How many warriors did Hanun hire to fight against
this, we will find the saints of God are eager to show Israel?
empathy for our burdens and to help us carry our
loads when necessary.
God’s family reaches around the world. Many of
our fellow brothers and sisters in Christ suffer perse-
cution and even martyrdom. Let us not forget to help
them bear their burdens by spending time in prayer
2. Joab planned his battle strategy and, then con- CONCLUSION
cerning the outcome, he said, “And the Lord do that
Let us be quick to sense a need in the family of
which seemeth him good.” How does doing our part
God and then do our best to help fill it.
and trusting God for our needs fit together?
NOTES

3. What are ways we can help carry the load of Chris-

tian brothers and sisters who are in need?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 11:1-27

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS vulnerable to temptation. When he did not resist the

temptation, sin followed.
“And when the mourning was past, David sent and The Bible is brutally honest concerning this diffi-
fetched her to his house, and she became his wife, cult and sad situation. This honesty adds verification to
and bare him a son. But the thing that David had the Bible’s validity, for this painful chapter could eas-
done displeased the Lord. ” (2 Samuel 11:27) ily have been omitted, and David would have appeared
in a far better light.
As a young girl, my friend became a Christian, The Biblical account shows the progression of the
but in her teenage years, she let God’s love go from sin of David. He moved from idleness to imagination,
her heart. One night, when she was ready to enter her to committing, to covering. The covering of his sin
senior year of college, she was driving on the free- certainly did not bring prosperity, and his sin left hor-
way and God called her to make a decision. He asked rible scars on his kingly reign.
whether or not she was going to serve Him. That night The nations in this area often fought battles in
she prayed, and the Lord saved her. She decided to the spring because it was not the rainy season. Roads
move home and commute an hour each way to school were drier at that time, so it was easier to move the
because she knew that if she lived on campus, there troops and their equipment. Also, wheat and barley
would be some situations that might cause her to stum- crops were ready for harvest and therefore available
ble spiritually. She thought it was better to remove for food. The author of 2 Samuel indicates that David
herself completely from the situation rather than taking should have gone to the battle with his troops. Even
a chance that, again, she would turn her back on the if he had not engaged in physical warfare, he should
Lord. have been there for tactical leadership and moral sup-
Temptations come to each of us. When we face port. It is thought that David was approximately fifty
them, we have a choice. My friend made the choice to years old at the time of this account.
remove herself from the potential problem — a wise In houses in the East, the roof was one of the most
decision. In today’s text, David did not make that pleasant places to spend time. They were flat so there
choice. When he observed Bathsheba on a neighboring was room to walk, and the breezes cooled the area. Da-
rooftop, he could have turned into his house from his vid could have fled the temptation by leaving his pal-
roof and busied himself with some kingdom business. ace roof. Instead he proceeded in a plan that he knew
Instead, David chose to entertain the temptation and was sinful, and he committed both adultery and mur-
then to act upon it. der. As a result of his actions, innocent people died.
Day by day we will face situations where we need The meaning of the name Uriah is “Yahweh (God)
to make a choice. If our car radio is on and the sta- is my Light.” This name indicates that Uriah wor-
tion begins to play an ungodly song, do we turn it shiped God, although he had a Hittite background.
off? If we rent a movie and find it to be inappropriate Uriah proved himself to be a loyal and faithful warrior,
for Christians, do we turn it off? What is our reaction conducting himself appropriately for a military man of
when someone wants to share some gossip with us? that time.
Our choices may not seem to have the big impact
that David’s did. They will, however, affect our
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Christian walk. We do not have to face tempting situa- II. The shame of King David
tions in our own strength, for God has promised to be A. David’s sin with Bathsheba
with us. However, at times we will need to take action 1. The background of David’s shame
to remove ourselves from temptation’s path. The Bible e. David’s vengeance on Ammon
says that the Lord was displeased with David. We want (11:1)
God to be pleased, not displeased, with our decisions 2. The act of David’s shame (11:2-27)
each day. a. David’s adultery with Bathsheba
(11:2-5)
BACKGROUND b. David’s attempt to hide his crime
Today’s text tells of David’s temptation and fall by recalling Uriah (11:6-13)
into sin with Bathsheba, the wife of one of his faithful c. David’s murder of Uriah (11:14-25)
soldiers. Although the Bible indicates that David was d. David’s marriage to Bathsheba
a “man after God’s own heart,” we find that he was (11:26-27)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why did Uriah the Hittite refuse to go to his own
home after being recalled to Jerusalem by King David?

CONCLUSION
When we face temptations, God wants to help us
win the victory. Let us purpose to seek His strength
and remove ourselves from temptation whenever we
2. Contrast the integrity of Uriah with that of King can.
David. What can we learn from both?
NOTES

3. What steps can we take to help us resist temptation

when it comes our way?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 12:1-31

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Nathan told David that God would bring evil and
death to his family as a result of his sin. According to
“And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned the law, David and Bathsheba should both have been
against the Lord. And Nathan said unto David, stoned because of the adultery they had committed.
The Lord also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt At once, David confessed his sin and demonstrated
not die.” (2 Samuel 12:13) true repentance (see Psalm 51), which resulted in the
Lord not requiring his life for the sin. Instead, Nathan
One man tells how he lived for years without informed David that the child he and Bathsheba had
any understanding of what it meant to be a Christian. conceived would die. While David’s sin was forgiven,
Then he was invited to church and began attending all the consequences were not removed.
services. He heard people tell of salvation and of vic- Upon hearing this news, David immediately began
tory over sin. One night he knelt and prayed, “Lord, to fast and pray, for he knew that God might spare the
forgive me if I am a sinner.” He said, “Suddenly there life of the child. However, when David heard that the
was no doubt left. God showed me that I was a sin- child had died, he accepted what God had done. When
ner, all right! He showed me forty-eight years of sin- he said, “I shall go to him, but he shall not return to
ning — what a sight!” When the man cried out to God me,” David showed how firmly he believed in im-
for forgiveness, God changed his life. Peace and joy mortality. David knew the baby was with God and that
came into his heart, and he had the power to walk up- when he himself died, he would see the boy again.
rightly before the Lord. According to 1 Chronicles 3:5, David and Bath-
We cannot find forgiveness from God until we first sheba had four sons, including Solomon, who God
recognize that we are guilty. We must admit that we promised David would be king.
have done wrong in order to confess and repent. That When God’s chastisement was over, David took
is true now, and it was true in David’s time. up his regular business again. Rabbah was the capital
Today’s text opens with the prophet Nathan receiv- city of Ammon. (Today the city is Amman, Jordan.)
ing instruction from God to go to David and confront Israel had been gaining territory a little at a time. Just
him with his sins. Nathan used a story that angered before the city was conquered, Joab sent word for Da-
David and caused him to condemn the person who vid to come. Joab wanted David to have the honor of
committed the actions mentioned. Imagine how he felt this victory. David went immediately and was present
when he realized that the man he was condemning was for the final conquest. They entered the city, captured
really himself! David took the right steps. He faced his many slaves, and collected much treasure, including a
sin, admitted his guilt, and repented. crown, which weighed between fifty and seventy-five
From David’s example in this chapter, we can pounds.
learn how to respond if God puts His finger on any ar-
eas in our lives that are not pleasing to Him. We need AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

to take responsibility for our actions, seek forgiveness II. The shame of King David
from God and anyone that we have wronged, and ac- A. David’s sin with Bathsheba
cept the chastening of God. We can be reconciled to 3. The confession of David of his sin
God and have a close bond with Him. (12:1-25)
a. Nathan’s denunciation of David’s
BACKGROUND
sin (12:1-14)
Probably several months passed from the time b. David’s chastisement (12:15-23)
Bathsheba realized she was with child until God in- c. Solomon’s birth (12:24-25)
structed the prophet Nathan to deliver His message of 4. The defeat and subjection of the
judgment to David. Obviously, Nathan had divine help Ammonites (12:26-31)
to accomplish his mission so tactfully and skillfully.
In the parable that Nathan gave to cause David to con- A CLOSER LOOK
front his sin, Uriah was the poor man, David the rich 1. How do you think Nathan must have felt when God
man, Bathsheba the ewe lamb, and the traveler repre- commanded him to confront David with his sin?
sented the temptation and the lust. This allegory was
so understandable that David immediately grasped it
when Nathan said, “Thou art the man.”
2. What was David’s reaction to the story the prophet
told him of the man with the “one little ewe lamb”?

CONCLUSION
Sin brings consequences. However, God stands
ready to forgive any person who, like David, takes the
proper steps of repentance.

NOTES
3. What does David’s decision to fast and pray for the
child’s life, even after hearing of God’s judgment from
Nathan, indicate about David’s relationship with God?

4. How should we react when God chastens us?

 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 13:1-39

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“And Amnon was so vexed, that he fell sick for In the previous chapter, we read how God had
his sister Tamar; for she was a virgin; and Amnon chastised David through Nathan the prophet for his
thought it hard for him to do any thing to her.” affair with Bathsheba and the slaying of her husband,
(2 Samuel 13:2) Uriah. God told David that the sword would never
depart from his house, and he would raise up evil
The job had finally become available! The career against him out of his own house.
position I had wanted so badly was open, and test- In this chapter, this evil starts to take place.
ing was going to begin. I worked hard at studying Troubles continued one after the other for the rest of
and getting myself into condition to take the written David’s reign. It is interesting to note that adultery
and physical exams that were required for the job. and murder were the sins of David, and immediately
The thought of getting hired was on my mind day and we see the same sins being committed by his sons,
night. Nothing else seemed to matter — even a call Amnon and Absalom. What heartbreak this must have
God had placed on my life. brought David!
Finally the day came when I was offered the job. Amnon was David’s firstborn son by Ahinoam.
However, after accepting the position, my obsession Absalom and his beautiful sister, Tamar, were his chil-
did not stop. I wanted to be the best person possible to dren by Maacah. As such, Amnon and Tamar were
do the job, so I took additional schooling during my half siblings. When he violated her, the loss of her vir-
off time, and worked overtime and extra shifts. Due to ginity was a curse to her by the Law. Because incestu-
my heavy workload, I began to neglect my walk with ous relations were forbidden by the Law, those guilty
God, and also my family. And, to my detriment, I con- of such things were to be cut off from the covenant
tinued to neglect the call of God. community. Tamar was innocent since she had been
My endeavors proved successful, but that success assaulted.
came at a cost. Eventually I suffered several injuries. To add insult to injury, and in violation of the
My health deteriorated with the stress of the job, and Law, Amnon sent Tamar away in anger. The Law said
I became physically sick. I had become so consumed that if a man violated a virgin outside of marriage, he
with what I wanted, that it cost me the career I was so must marry her. By sending Tamar away, Amnon’s ac-
proud of and had worked so hard to achieve. Was my tions showed further that he did not really love Tamar,
career choice wrong? No, but my obsession with at- but only lusted after her. Tamar’s actions of tearing
taining the career, and my neglect of God and His call her royal robe and placing ashes on her head showed
on my life, was. the intensity of her sorrow in losing her purity and
While work obsessions can be detrimental, they further opportunity for marriage.
do not compare with the evil of the obsession de- Two years passed before Absalom put his plan
scribed in today’s chapter. Amnon became so ob- for revenge into place. He picked the time of sheep
sessed with his lust toward Tamar, that he became shearing (an ancient custom of Israel) to host a festi-
sick. He was willing to do whatever he could to have val, and put his plan into action, having Amnon killed
her, even if it meant violating her and the Law of in revenge for his mistreatment of Tamar. Absalom
God. A plan was conceived with the aid of a friend, then fled the royal household and went to his maternal
and Amnon got what he desired: fulfillment of his lust grandfather, Talmai. Since his action had been pre-
toward Tamar. However, what he did was wrong, and meditated murder, he could not take refuge in any of
it eventually cost him his life at the hand of his half- the designated cities of refuge in Israel. He remained
brother Absalom. with Talmai for three years before returning. It is
We must guard against anything that could start to interesting to note that to show the deep love Absa-
become an obsession. In the Bible, “lust” often means lom had for his sister, Tamar, he later named his own
nothing more than natural desire. If the enemy can, he daughter after her (2 Samuel 14:27).
will prey upon our natural desires through temptation, We see here how God’s word came to pass, and
offering something beside God’s plan for our lives. evil rose up within David’s own house. The “secret”
We want to be watchful and ask God to help us stay sin of David caused continuing heartache, long after
focused on Him. he had repented of it.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch 3. Look back over your life for the past month, and
the life choices you have made. What might be the
II. The shame of King David
eternal benefits or detriments to your spiritual walk
B. David’s problems with his family
with God, as a result of those choices?
1. Amnon’s sin against Tamar
a. Amnon’s desire for his sister
(13:1-19)
(1) Jonadab’s deceitful plan
(13:1-6)
(2) Amnon’s violation of Tamar
(13:7-14)
(3) Amnon’s ensuing hatred of
Tamar (13:15-19)
b. Absalom’s vengeance on Amnon
(13:20-29)
(1) Absalom’s initial reaction
(13:20-22)
(2) Absalom’s party for Amnon
(13:23-27)
(3) Absalom’s murder of Amnon
(13:28-29) CONCLUSION
c. Absalom’s flight from David The choices we make in life can either cause us
(13:30-39) to grow or to fall spiritually. If we seek to follow the
(1) The report to David plan God has for our lives, we will grow spiritually.
(13:30-36) But if we neglect the plan He has for us, we will fall.
(2) The flight of Absalom May we keep our hand in God’s hand, and seek His
(13:37-39) will in each one of our life choices.
A CLOSER LOOK NOTES
1. What was David’s reaction when he heard about
Amnon’s assault on Tamar?

2. Why was David reluctant to punish Amnon for his

crime against Tamar?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 14:1-33

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS The woman Joab used to manipulate King David

lived in Tekoah, a small city located approximately
“But in all Israel there was none to be so much twelve miles from Jerusalem. This was not a random
praised as Absalom for his beauty: from the sole of choice but rather a well-thought-out plan with the ex-
his foot even to the crown of his head there was no press purpose of eliciting a compassionate response
blemish in him.” (2 Samuel 14:25) from the king. Because she was a widow, David
would most likely have responded more favorably to
One doesn’t have to look far in society to find ex- her dire need, since she had no husband to plead her
amples where a beautiful exterior facade hides a soul case. The twelve miles she traveled ensured that her
steeped in immorality and wickedness. Television story could not readily be known to be fraudulent.
programs, magazines, and movies parade a seemingly She was an older woman — again to elicit a caring re-
endless stream of good-looking people who are em- sponse from David. She wore the garb of a mourner,
broiled in all manner of sinful activities. While these which further heightened the perceived level of dis-
individuals may appear to be happy, successful, and tress she was under. Her woeful tale of murder and
popular, a closer look at their personal lives often re- potential death of her only remaining son, coupled
veals addictions, heartache, loneliness, and bitterness. with her convincing disguise, made a strong impres-
All of these are due to a failure to have a vital living sion on the heart of King David.
relationship with the One who created them — the The demise of a family line was avoided at all
Source of true happiness. cost within the Jewish community. Bloodline and
Today’s text shows that in spite of his handsome genealogy were considered extremely important, and
appearance and popularity, rebellion was already families often went to extreme measures to ensure
beginning in Absalom’s life. Even as a young man, future descendants. Joab was undoubtedly aware of
he schemed and acted independently. David did not this cultural emphasis and used it to bring David to
control him, and evidently no one else did either. As the point of realizing he was wrong in banishing
a consequence, Absalom became used to having his Absalom.
own way and doing as he wished. Setting Joab’s field After promising forgiveness and protection to
on fire was an example of this. Very possibly, his good this widow’s only son, the true nature of her visit was
looks increased his self-centered attitude. revealed. When David realized that he offered pro-
In today’s high-fashion industry, Absalom would tection to a stranger for the same offence his son had
probably be a super model. Yet, when we look deeper committed, he was left with no other option but to ex-
into his life, we quickly realize that his self-serving at- tend forgiveness to Absalom.
titudes and desires controlled his motives. Though his In order to receive full restoration, a son needed
weaknesses may not have been discernable to man’s the blessing of his father, which was often given by
casual observation, we know that God looks on the means of a public audience and a kiss. After two years
heart. What is found there is of far greater importance of living in Jerusalem, Absalom still had not received
than what is seen externally. this much-needed restoration. Until it was given, his
When we look into the mirror to prepare for our existence could be compared to house arrest. It was
day, let us take a minute to consider the heart of the not until Joab was forced to go to David to seek audi-
person looking back at us. When we see one who has ence for Absalom, which was granted, that Absalom
been redeemed by the precious Blood of Jesus, that was fully restored to his father and gained full access
light of Heaven will shine out through our actions to the city to move about as he pleased.
each day. Ultimately, those around us will be drawn to
us, not because we are so beautiful on the outside, but
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

because they can see God’s love in us. II. The shame of King David
B. David’s problems with his family
BACKGROUND 1. Amnon’s sin against Tamar
The punishment for murder was death so Absalom d. Absalom’s restoration to David
had to flee Israel after he murdered Amnon. Even the (14:1-33)
cities of refuge that were established throughout the (1) The scheme of Joab (14:1-3)
land could offer no protection since this was premedi- (2) The women of Tekoah before
tated murder, and not an accidental death. David (14:4-20)
 (a) The story of the women 3. How can you ensure that the beauty of Christ is
(14:4-11) evident in your life — regardless of your external
(b) The point of the story appearance?
(14:12-17)
(c) The reason for the story
(14:18-20)
(3) The partial restoration of
Absalom (14:21-27)
(a) Absalom’s residence in
Jerusalem (14:21-24)
(b) Absalom’s beauty
(14:25-27)
(4) The full restoration of
Absalom (14:28-33)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What reasons did Absalom have for becoming more
vain and self-important?
CONCLUSION
Absalom was set on having his own way. We
want our purpose to be that of pleasing God. When
we allow the Holy Spirit to guide our desires and
choices, we will realize the fulfilling life of being in
the center of His will, and others will see the beauty
of Jesus in us.

NOTES
2. How did the actions of his sons mimic David’s own
wrong behaviors?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 15:1-37

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS appealed to David for a reunion and David once

again established Absalom as a member of the king’s
“And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel household.
that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom By this time, David was aging, and though he
stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” had garnered many military victories for Israel, pros-
(2 Samuel 15:6) perity had made the people restless. David’s popu-
larity began to decline as resentment grew among
Some years ago, we had a new neighbor move the people over higher taxes and the recruitment of
into a house near the river that ran by our house, and troops. Absalom assessed the situation and saw an
he seemed a social and generous man. He and his opportunity to obtain the kingdom for himself.
wife often invited several couples over for barbecued Absalom was a handsome man with abundant
steaks or a hot dog roast, and in cooler weather, we charm. He appealed to the people’s discontentment
were included at a lovely sit-down dinner prepared by and convinced them that if he were the king, he
his gracious wife. Ours is a close neighborhood, and would treat them more fairly than they were being
it seemed this couple entertained everyone in the sur- treated. With his chariots, horses, and fifty men, he
rounding homes. was a compelling presence in Jerusalem, and in time
After about six months of this most charitable he “stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” Bible schol-
treatment, our new neighbor began to ask favors. We ars believe that the phrase “. . . after forty years,”
noticed he flattered and dined the older man across in verse 7, refers to when David was anointed king
the street who was a blacksmith. His services were of Israel. The consensus is that Absalom spent four
given gladly and the two men, seemingly, got along years gaining the people’s confidence and waiting for
famously . . . until the old man could no longer weld the right time to plan his final revolt.
or repair or lend. Then the “benevolent” neighbor Hebron was where David had first established his
ceased to call on him. kingdom before moving it to Jerusalem, and Hebron
Next, this new neighbor accused another neigh- was where Absalom started his insurrection. He even
bor of stealing from him, and he later made a fast convinced David’s most trusted adviser, Ahithophel,
deal to cheat another out of several hundred dollars. It to join him in the revolt. Ahithophel was the grandfa-
was apparent that this “social and generous” man had ther of Bathsheba and may have had some resentment
a selfish purpose. towards David because he had violated his grand-
Absalom, David’s son, was a man with a selfish daughter and caused the death of Uriah.
purpose. He wanted his father’s throne, and he set As David fled, perhaps he remembered the words
about getting it through devious methods. He flat- of Nathan, the prophet, “Now therefore, the sword
tered and favored the people of Israel, with the goal shall never depart from thine house.” It had been
of wooing them away from David. Absalom patiently Bathsheba’s baby, then Amnon, and now Absalom
employed these tactics for several years, and then had turned against him. But David knew that God
eventually committed treason against his own father. was with him. His prayer is recorded in Psalm 3.
Kind deeds and words of appreciation can be a Another trusted adviser to David, Hushai the
blessing. However, we want to remember that God Archite (a Gentile of Canaanite descent), along with
sees our hearts and knows our motives. We want to Zadok and Abiathar, the priests, agreed to go back to
be certain that our desires are to please God and to Jerusalem and pretend to be loyal to Absalom and, in
see His purpose advanced by what we do. Let us ask the end, help restore David to his throne.
God to inventory our motives and to help us live in a
way that is pleasing to Him. AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The shame of King David

BACKGROUND B. David’s problems with his family
After Absalom had his brother Amnon murdered, 2. Absalom’s revolt against David
he was exiled from Jerusalem, but David longed after a. Absalom’s conspiracy against
him. Joab, David’s general, observed that and per- David (15:1-12)
suaded him to let Absalom come back to Jerusalem. (1) Absalom’s trickery (15:1-6)
Yet, two years after his return, Absalom still had not (2) Absalom’s uprising (15:7-12)
come face to face with his father. Eventually, Joab b. David’s flight from Absalom
 (1) David’s evacuation of the city 3. What lessons can we learn in our Christian walk as
(15:13-18) we compare the actions of Absalom and David?
(2) Ittai’s allegiance to David
(15:19-23)
(3) Zadok and the Ark remain in
the city (15:24-29)
(4) Hushai, David’s informant in
the city (15:30-37)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What actions did Absalom take to convince the
people that he would make a better king?

CONCLUSION
If our motives are right, and we have a genuine
love for our fellow man and for God, we will always
esteem others better than ourselves and not use devi-
ous ways to get ahead in this world.
NOTES
2. How do you think David’s relationship with God
was strengthened during this time of crisis?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 16:1-23

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“It may be that the Lord will look on mine afflic- With fair words and flatteries, Absalom stole the
tion, and that the Lord will requite me good for hearts of the men of Israel, thus causing his God-
chosen and divinely anointed father, David, to flee
his cursing this day.” (2 Samuel 16:12)
from Jerusalem. While fleeing eastward, David and
A few days ago I visited with the skipper of a his followers were met on the Mount of Olives by
commercial fishing vessel, who is a Christian. Two Ziba, the head servant of Mephibosheth, the son of
of his brothers are on his crew. For a whole week Jonathan. Ziba made David a handsome present of
their vessel had been equipped for them to go crab- provisions, which would do him some good in his
bing, but the strong winds prevented them from go- present distress.
ing the necessary one hundred miles offshore. With In his flight, David came to Bahurim. This place
other vessels getting abundant catches of mackerel, lay north of Jerusalem, in the tribe of Benjamin. The
they decided to remove the crabbing gear from the name Bahurim means “young men.” This is where
vessel and replace it with mackerel gear. Shimei, of the house of Saul, lived. Shimei cursed
Finally, they were ready to go. As they set out, David and cast stones at his company, unjustly
the skipper noticed a light that needed fixing. While charging David with the blood of the house of Saul.
attempting to remove the corroded screw, the screw- The warriors who were with David would soon have
driver slipped and cut his thumb. He went to get a put an end to him, but David restrained them. David
band-aid, and his brother picked up the screwdriver considered all this as being permitted by God for his
and attempted to remove the screw. The screwdriver chastisement and humiliation.
slipped again, and this time went through the palm of With David fleeing from Jerusalem, Absalom
the brother’s hand. They had to return to the harbor took possession of the throne. Hushai greeted him
so his brother could be taken to the hospital to have there, and complimented him about his accession to
the wound treated. the throne, as if he was satisfied with Absalom being
Two hours later, they were ready to go fishing king. However Hushai would not counsel him wise-
once more! After they had been out an hour or so, ly, because Hushai was a friend of David.
the skipper received a call saying that another one of Absalom’s most trusted counselor, Ahithophel,
his brothers (not a crew member) had died suddenly advised his leader to make a bold statement of his
of a heart attack. Once again, they returned to the break with David by taking the ten concubines that
harbor with no catch. What a chain of unfortunate David had left in Jerusalem onto the roof of the royal
events! Yet, it seemed clear to me that as the skipper palace and publicly sleeping with each of them.
talked, he had a strong hope that God would help and Absalom complied with this counsel. It entirely suit-
provide. ed his lewd and wicked mind, and he did not delay to
In today’s text, King David seemed to be com- put it into execution. This was a capital crime under
forting himself with the hope that God would bring the Law (Leviticus 20:11).
good to him out of his current situation, to balance The wives of the conquered king were the prop-
the trouble he was encountering. He knew that God erty of the conqueror. By taking possession of them,
had allowed these circumstances. So with humil- he appeared to possess the right to the kingdom. But
ity and resignation, David accepted them as reproof for a son to take his father’s wives was an abomina-
from the Lord. tion and he was subject to death under God’s Law.
Adversity comes to those who love and serve Some think that Ahithophel gave the advice
God as well as to those who do not. However, the as revenge against David for the injury done to
children of God know that He allows everything Bathsheba, who was his granddaughter. Bathsheba
that happens to them for some purpose. Many times was the daughter of Eliam (chapter 11:3), who was
God permits difficulties to come our way to try us the son of Ahithophel (chapter 23:34).
or bring us closer to Him. Sometimes, God allows
tribulations as a form of chastisement. When we face
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
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trials, we need to hold fast to God’s Word and His II. The shame of King David
promises. He will not fail us, just as He did not fail B. David’s problems with his family
David. 2. Absalom’s revolt against David
 b. David’s flight from Absalom 3. How can we be sure that we are responding to dif-
(5) David’s belief of Ziba’s report ficult circumstances as God wants us to?
(16:1-4)
(6) David’s wise dealings with
Shimei (16:5-14)
c. Absalom’s control of Jerusalem
(16:15-23)
(1) Hushai’s pseudo-allegiance to
Absalom (16:15-19)
(2) Absalom’s violation of
David’s harem (16:20-23)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did Mephibosheth’s servant, Ziba, present to
David?

CONCLUSION
When trials come your way, look to God. Re-
member that He cares about you and will bring you
through.
NOTES
2. How would you describe David’s response to the
insult by Shimei?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 17:1-29

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS before he crossed the Jordan into the wilderness coun-
try on the other side. Ahithophel suggested that the
“And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The sudden attack would presumably create panic among
counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the David’s followers, causing them to flee. He thought
counsel of Ahithophel. For the Lord had appointed that David could be captured and killed.
to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the in- Although all the elders of Israel approved of
tent that the Lord might bring evil upon Absalom.” Ahithophel’s counsel, Absalom hesitated and sought
(2 Samuel 17:14) a second opinion. Absalom had good reason to fear
and respect his father, because he had witnessed what
When we face opposition, betrayal, or attack, it is his father had accomplished. God overruled when He
important to remember that God is in complete con- caused Absalom not to proceed until he had consulted
trol. One woman testified of a recent challenge at the with Hushai, who was, in fact, a spy for David. Hushai
school where she teaches. The father of one of her advocated a prepared attack, which would take time.
students falsely reported that she had slapped his child When Hushai said “at this time” (verse 7), he indicat-
in class. When this teacher was called in to see the ed that Ahithophel had counseled wisely in the past.
principal, she was told there would be an investiga- In the natural, Ahithophel’s counsel would have
tion. That night she laid the matter out before the Lord spelled David’s death, but God swept that away. Hus-
in prayer. The next day, concerned about the impact hai flattered Absalom, and Absalom became trapped
on her, the principal said, “I was thinking about you by his own vanity. The counsel of Ahithophel was not
last night.” This woman replied, “I did not come here the Lord’s will; it was defeated, and the minds of
by myself. Where God’s will places me, His grace will Absalom and the elders of Israel were clouded.
sustain me.” David and the people with him were camped ap-
God answered prayer. Although this teacher never proximately twenty miles from Jerusalem. En-rogel,
found out the motive, it was discovered that there was where David’s runners were located, was less than a
a conspiracy between the father and a teacher’s aid to mile away from Jerusalem, and Bahurim was to the
implicate her. The Lord undertook in a wonderful way, south about a mile from there. A “wench” (verse 17)
even allowing this woman’s testimony to be a witness means a female servant.
to the principal. Ahithophel had been one of David’s counselors.
God is well able to defeat the devices and counsel He realized that Absalom would be defeated, and then
of men. David had prayed fervently that God would he would be judged for being a traitor. If Ahithophel
“turn Ahithophel’s counsel into foolishness.” Today’s followed Absalom to get revenge for David’s sin
Bible text shows that God answered in a mighty way. against Bathsheba and Uriah, Ahithophel payed dearly
When we face adversity, we want to remember for harboring the bitterness in his heart.
to take the steps that both this woman and David Amasa, who commanded Absalom’s army, was a
took — they prayed for God to intervene. Sometimes nephew of David and a cousin to Joab. This was civil
God may answer in a different way than we expect, war with all its pain.
but He will answer when we pray honestly and in
faith. The situations we face may seem impossible to
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us, but so did David’s. Our focus verse indicates that II. The shame of King David
Ahithophel’s counsel was “good” — in the natural, his B. David’s problems with his family
strategy may have worked — but God defeated him. 2. Absalom’s revolt against David
God wants to work in your life today. Will you d. Absalom’s war against David
trust Him to take you through to victory? (1) The preparations for the
conflict (17:1-29)
BACKGROUND (a) Ahithophel’s wicked
Absalom attempted to usurp the throne of King counsel (17:1-4)
David, his father. He sought counsel from Ahithophel, (b) Hushai’s bitter counsel
whose outline for victory called for the use of just (17:5-14)
12,000 light-footed soldiers. His plan was for these (c) David informed of
men to set out at once, so they would have the element Absalom’s actions
of surprise in their favor and would capture David (17:15-23)
 [1] The plot discovered
(17:15-20)
[2] The plot foiled
(17:21-22)
[3] Ahithophel’s suicide
(17:23)
(d) The battle lines drawn
(17:24-26)
(e) David refreshed by
friends (17:27-29)

A CLOSER LOOK CONCLUSION

1. Who helped David when he came to Mahanaim? If you face a situation today that looks impossible,
remember that God can defeat the forces of the enemy
that come against you. Hold fast in God!
NOTES

2. Why did Absalom choose Hushai’s advise when

Ahithophel’s counsel would have best served his pur-
pose and goal to overthrow his father, King David?

3. God can affirm or turn to foolishness the counsel of

man. Knowing this, how might we pray for those in
authority in our country?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 18:1-33

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS people told him to stay in the city, because they under-
stood that this battle was about two men — David and
“And the king said, Is the young man Absalom Absalom.
safe? And Ahimaaz answered, When Joab sent “The wood devoured more,” indicates that the
the king’s servant, and me thy servant, I saw a woods were dense and tangled where they were fight-
great tumult, but I knew not what it was.” ing. There may have also been pits and wild beasts.
(2 Samuel 18:29) When Joab “blew the trumpet,” he was signaling
the troops to cease fighting and gather together. While
The story of Ahimaaz and Cushi reminds me of the Bible does not say exactly what Joab was thinking
an embarrassing moment that I had years ago when I when he killed Absalom, it is obvious Joab disobeyed
was in the army. We were in the final days of our gru- David’s command.
eling “first eight weeks,” and we were in the barracks. Three sons had been born to Absalom (2 Samuel
Someone in our platoon looked out the window and 14:27), but it appears that they had all died by the time
saw a group of raw recruits in the adjacent open area. the events of this chapter took place.
This led to many of our “seasoned veterans” jeering Ahimaaz was the son of Zadok, the priest. The
and making smart remarks out the window. name Cushi means this man was actually a Cushite
Suddenly, an officer rushed into our room, and all slave. Perhaps Joab thought David might kill whoever
was instantly quiet. After asking various ones what brought the message of Absalom’s death, and there-
they thought they were doing behaving like that, he fore he sent a servant. The route Ahimaaz took to
walked up to me and asked if I had been yelling out David was longer but more flat than the route the
the window. At that moment, I could not for the life of Cushite took.
me recall if I had actually yelled anything or not, even It seems that the city of Mahanaim had a double
though only a few moments had passed. I didn’t think wall, and therefore two gates. David, in his concern
so, but I was not totally sure. So rather than lie to over the battle, was sitting between the gate of the out-
him, I told him the truth, “I don’t know, Sir.” You can er wall and the gate of the inner wall. This may have
guess how mortified I felt! You can guess also what been a courtyard-like area.
he thought of me: Either this guy is totally senseless Verse 33 is a cry of anguish from David’s heart
or a liar! The only good thing about the moment was over the death of his son Absalom. David grieved
that I was sure I had not said anything untrue! deeply for several reasons. Certainly he grieved for
Ahimaaz must have felt confusion of a similar na- him because he was his son. David also knew that this
ture. When King David asked him what had happened was part of God’s judgment for his murder of Uriah.
to his son Absalom, Ahimaaz said that he did not
know. One Bible commentary suggests that because AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

he feared the wrath of the king, he would not say. Be- II. The shame of King David
cause of that, his testimony was worthless. He was B. David’s problems with his family
told to stand aside, while David waited for someone 2. Absalom’s revolt against David
else to arrive who actually knew what had happened. d. Absalom’s war against David
As Christians, whether we know anything else or (2) The conflict between David
not in life, we had better know that we are spiritually and Absalom (18:1-18)
right with God. It is imperative that we have a clear (a) David’s army prepared
testimony of salvation, including when this experi- (18:1-5)
ence came to us and what it did for us. It needs to be (b) Absalom’s army defeated
real in our lives so that we know for sure that we are (18:6-8)
on the road to Heaven. And we need to be able to put (c) Absalom’s death
this into words so that we can be effective in helping (18:9-18)
someone else along the path toward God. [1] Joab’s disobedience
(18:9-15)
BACKGROUND [2] Absalom’s burial
At this point in the rebellion of Absalom, David (18:16-18)
mustered his troops, formed three groups, and as- (3) The grief of David for
signed Joab, Abishai, and Ittai as their leaders. David’s Absalom (18:19-33)
 (a) The messengers to the
king (18:19-27)
(b) The message for the king
(18:28-33)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What were David’s instructions to Joab and the oth-
er generals regarding the treatment of Absalom if he
were caught? Did Joab follow these orders?
CONCLUSION
Many things in life may be confusing, but our re-
lationship with God should not be one of them. At ev-
ery moment, we need to know that our hearts are right
with Him.
NOTES

2. In light of what Absalom had done, why do you

think David gave the instructions that he did?

3. How does God’s love for us compare to David’s

love for Absalom?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 19:1-43

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Jerusalem and unite the people. Joab reproved David,
telling him to get up and take action. David arose and
“And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead sat in the gate in view of the people.
in battle. Now therefore why speak ye not a word The same ones who a few days before had fol-
of bringing the king back?” (2 Samuel 19:10) lowed Absalom, now called for David to be put back
on the throne. The people of Judah, however, seemed
My son and daughter-in-law just came back from reluctant for David’s return.
Hawaii, where they celebrated their tenth anniversary. David displaced Joab by putting Amasa as com-
They had been planning this trip for over a year. They mander of his army. Joab had been guilty of crimes
had made many preparations, including arranging care in the past (3:26-29). Amasa had been Absalom’s
for their children, finding good airline rates, choosing general, so this appointment would help to unite the
the hotels, deciding which islands to visit and which army under David. Amasa had great influence over
activities to enjoy. They visited with friends who had the people of Judah and succeeded in uniting them in
been there and discussed with them what to do and allegiance to David.
where to go. There was high anticipation and expecta- As David was returning to Jerusalem, there were
tion for this trip. several incidents of individuals endeavoring to have
As the flight date drew near, suitcases were pulled an understanding with the king. Shimei, who had
out, clothing was chosen and packed, and a list of previously cursed David and cast stones at him and
miscellaneous items was checked off. In part, the his men (16:5-6), begged for David’s forgiveness,
pleasure of the trip was dependent upon being certain which was granted for the time. (Later in 1 Kings
they had everything they needed. 2:8-9, David suggested that Solomon put him to
We devote much time and energy into planning death). David may not have been sure if either Ziba
and preparing for a trip. How much more we should or Mephibosheth were telling the truth. So, David
be sure we are ready for the return of our King! We told Mephibosheth to divide the land with Ziba, but
must make plans now to meet Him. Various prepara- Mephibosheth said that Ziba could have it all. David
tions are necessary, such as restitutions, consecrations, wanted to reward Barzillai for providing him suste-
and being equipped for His service. We must lay aside nance while he was in exile. Barzillai requested the
weights and cares of this world if we are to get a clear honor be done to his son Chimham instead, and David
vision of the glory that awaits us. acquiesced.
Through all of our preparation, we need to feel Even after David was restored to Jerusalem, there
anticipation for Christ’s coming. Just as Israel began was much contention between the people of Judah and
to call for their king to come back and take possession those of the other tribes of Israel.
of his throne in order to bring peace back to their land,
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
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we need to long for Jesus to come so that He may set
up His Kingdom and bring peace to this world. As II. The shame of King David
great as our anticipation and expectation of Heaven B. David’s problems with his family
may be, we cannot begin to comprehend the bliss that 2. Absalom’s revolt against David
we will experience when we meet our King. e. David’s return to Jerusalem
As we are preparing and anticipating, we also (19:1-43)
need to spread the Gospel to others who have not yet (1) David’s grief for Absalom
begun their preparations. They need to know that the concluded (19:1-8)
King will soon be here, and that is vital for them to (2) Israel’s desire to bring back
be ready for His return. Every effort put into getting David (19:9-10)
ready for Heaven will be worth it! (3) Israel’s desire to bring back
David (19:11-15)
BACKGROUND (4) David’s wise dealings
Because of Absalom’s insurrection, David was in (19:16-39)
exile. David had just learned of Absalom’s death and (a) David’s mercy toward
was in deep mourning. Shimei (19:16-23)
Much chaos existed in Israel at this time, and it (b) David’s care for
was imperative that the king take his rightful place in Mephibosheth (19:24-30)
 (c) David’s parting from
Barzillai 19:31-39)
(5)
Israel’s antagonism for Judah
(19:40-43)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why did David act in such a generous manner to
Shimei?

CONCLUSION
Focusing on the coming of Jesus rather than the
things of this world, will help us make sure we are
ready to meet Him.
NOTES

2. Why did Judah seem more hesitant than the other

tribes to restore David to the throne?

3. What things could hinder our looking with antici-

pation for our King to return?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 20:1-26

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Amasa was told to get the loyal Judean troops
together in three days, but he could not get the job
“And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my done. David knew there was no time to spare, so he
brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with told Abishai, Joab’s brother, to pursue after Sheba.
the right hand to kiss him. (2 Samuel 20:9) Evidently, Amasa caught up with Abishai and Joab at
Gibeon.
“If you don’t vote against this grant proposal, I
The writer of 2 Samuel does not glorify or con-
will quit my post as your vice-president!” The woman
done the violence of Joab. Joab had killed Abner
standing in my office had issued her ultimatum. As
(2 Samuel 3:27) and Absalom (2 Samuel 18:14)
president of the academic senate at a large west-coast
against David’s will. David had demoted Joab and
college, I sometimes have to deal with intractable
advanced Amasa in his place as captain of the host
administrators, irate staff, and outspoken faculty
because of the killing of Absalom (2 Samuel 19:13).
members, but these words from my colleague were
Joab may have felt that if he eliminated Amasa, he
especially distressing and painful. Our difference of
could regain his position as captain. Joab was a man
opinion on a matter would obviously have a negative
who preferred to destroy those who stood in his way.
effect on our personal and working relationship.
David gave in to Joab’s “power tactics,” and Joab was
I know that I am not the only Christian who has
reappointed captain of the host.
had to deal with job stress, office intrigue, and politi-
cal maneuverings at work. I take comfort in know- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

ing that the trials of human beings have not changed

II. The shame of King David
much since the days of King David. In 2 Samuel 20,
B. David’s problems with his family
we of read how King David had to deal with the re-
3. Sheba’s revolt against David (20:1-26)
bellion of Sheba, the incompetence of Amasa, and the
a. Sheba’s call to rebellion (20:1-2)
violent machinations of Joab.
b. David’s concubines widowed
The events described in this chapter are decidedly
(20:3)
unpleasant and gruesome. God’s Word acknowledges
c. David’s attempt to end the
the difficult elements of life that we must witness
rebellion (20:4-22)
and sometimes even experience ourselves. You might
(1) Amasa’s ineffectiveness
have a rebellious “Sheba” at church, or an incompe-
(20:4-5)
tent “Amasa” at work, or a manipulative “Joab” in
(2) Joab’s murder of Amasa
your life. Although we cannot control the actions or
(20:6-13)
attitudes of those around us, we can, like King David,
(3) Sheba’s demise (20:14-22)
keep our eyes on God. We can affirm, “God is my
d. David’s administration listed
rock, my fortress, and my deliverer.”
(20:23-26)
BACKGROUND A CLOSER LOOK
The narrative of 2 Samuel 20 is framed by the in- 1. What specific details in the narrative indicate that
surrection and death of Sheba, most likely an officer the historian/writer wants us to be repulsed by the vio-
in the northern army of Israel. He did not declare war lence of Joab?
against David, but he told the armies and citizens of
the northern tribes of Israel that they should not fol-
low David. David knew he had to act quickly to quell
the potential uprising, because Sheba was trying to
raise an army (verse 14). However, Sheba met a quick
demise in the city of Abel.
David put away his ten concubines as a political
gesture. According to some commentators, the wom-
en, who represented David’s rule, were considered
contaminated by their time with Absalom. David had
to set them apart in a guarded house as a step in rees-
tablishing his kingdom.
2. How did the wise woman of Abel convince Joab to CONCLUSION
spare the city of Abel?
When people seem to be out of control around
you, remember that there is a God in Heaven and in
your heart who is most certainly in control. His ways
are being worked out even in the seemingly chaotic
violence that surrounds us.
NOTES

3. As Christians, how can we influence those around

us to eschew violence and seek peaceful solutions to
problems?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 21:1-22

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, Some 400 years before this time, the Gibeonites
and spread it for her upon the rock, from the be- had tricked Joshua into making a treaty with them
(Joshua 9). They dressed in old clothes, and brought
ginning of harvest until water dropped upon them
old, dried, moldy bread with them, making it appear
out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the
as though they had traveled a great distance to meet
air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the
with Joshua. Due to their appearance, Joshua thought
field by night.” (2 Samuel 21:10) they had indeed come from far away and thus were
I read a story a while ago about a dog in Scotland not a people dwelling in the land of Canaan, which he
that had demonstrated an amazing amount of loyalty was conquering. Hence, he had no problem signing
and faithfulness to his master. The dog was known as a treaty with them. It was due to this treaty that the
“Greyfriars Bobby.” For years, he and his master were Gibeonites were allowed to remain in the land, though
inseparable. After his master died and was buried in essentially they were slaves of the Israelites.
Greyfriars Churchyard, Bobby took up post on his A concubine of King Saul, Rizpah had borne him
master’s grave every night for fourteen years — until two sons. Concubines had very little status or influen-
his own death. tial power; they were considered “secondary wives,”
Certainly, the devotion of a dog is not the same and were inferior to the “primary wives.” Rizpah was
thing and really cannot be compared to the devotion the concubine that Abner (Saul’s commander) had
portrayed in this chapter. Rizpah exhibited amaz- taken, and then Ishbosheth (Saul’s son that Abner
ing love and faithfulness to her two dead sons during had made king in Israel) challenged him on the mat-
what must have been an agonizing ordeal for her. She ter (2 Samuel 3:7). This made Abner angry, so he
stayed by their bodies through the entire harvest sea- transferred his allegiance to David. Her actions in this
son to prevent the vultures from tearing at them dur- chapter show that Rizpah was a loving and coura-
ing the day and the wild animals from eating them at geous mother.
night. According to the Law, bodies were to be bur-
The pain over the loss of her loved ones — not to ied on the day of death. However, these bodies were
mention the way they were killed — had to be excru- unburied until the rain came — the evidence that the
ciating, but seeing their deteriorating bodies as she famine would end. Rizpah protected the bodies from
kept her vigil and protected them for what was likely April until October — the harvest season. Her actions
months is hard to comprehend. What an example of prompted David to gather the bones of Saul and of his
devotion she demonstrated! sons to give them a proper burial in the family tomb,
As we consider what she did, perhaps we can get which was important to an Israelite.
a little better understanding of the immense love and The battles listed in verses 15-22 happened earlier
the magnitude of the faithfulness that God extends and are recounted here. These conflicts were all with
to us. I suspect that there was a lot of love between descendants of the giants. They may have been of re-
Rizpah and her sons, and she performed this act of de- nown at the time, since their names were mentioned.
votion in part because of the love she received as well Ishbi-benob’s spear weighed between seven and nine
as the love that she had for her sons. pounds. Abishai was David’s nephew, and he rescued
Even though many people throughout the ages him. After this conflict, David’s military commanders
have turned God aside, He sent His Son to earth to declared that he was too valuable to go with them to
sacrifice Himself for us. While we were still sinners, the battlefield any more.
Christ died for us. He has been, and still is caring for
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
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us. Regardless of how much we have hurt Him, Jesus
has been faithfully watching and waiting — not for a III. Appendices
season, but since creation — ready to take us into His A. The famine because of Saul’s wrath
family. (21:1-14)
By His sacrifice on the Cross, and His promise 1. The request of the Gibeonites (21:1-6)
that He will never leave us nor forsake us, Jesus gave 2. The appeasement of the Gibeonites
us the ultimate example of unselfish love. How have (21:7-9)
we responded? 3. Rizpah’s sorrow (21:10-11)
 4. The interment of the bones of Saul and
Jonathan (21:12-14)
B. The destruction of Goliath’s descendants
(21:15-22)
1. Ishbi-benob (21:15-17)
2. Saph (21:18) 4. How can we apply the example of Rizpah’s devo-
3. Goliath (21:19) tion to our lives?
4. Another giant (21:20-22)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How long was the famine in Israel and Judah? Why
did the famine occur?

2. Compare Saul’s actions and the resulting deaths of

his sons and grandsons, with sin and its results. CONCLUSION
Often when people choose to do things their own
way rather than looking to God and striving to follow
His will, it ends in tragedy. Both the famine and the
killings of Saul’s sons and grandsons could have been
avoided had Saul looked to the Lord for guidance. In
our lives too, we can avoid trouble and problems by
following God’s plan rather than our own.
NOTES

3. Why do you think the author of 2 Samuel recorded

the giants who were killed?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 22:1-51

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS In verses 2 and 3, David used the following words

and phrases to praise God and describe his reliance on
“And he said, The Lord is my rock, and my for- and experience of God’s care and protection:
tress, and my deliverer.” (2 Samuel 22:2) • Rock: stable, fixed, firm, enduring.
• Fortress: defense, large and permanent protec-
Not too long ago, I was traveling on a scenic tion.
highway in the northern region of Washington State. • Deliverer: one who delivers or rescues; a pre-
The mountains, the autumn colors, the streams, the server.
clear skies, and the terrain were breathtaking. • Shield: personal protection and care.
Then, while standing on a ridge of solid rock, I • Horn of my salvation: the source and authority
noticed something that seemed to be a little out of of his salvation.
character. Right in front of me was a small tree with a • High tower: an impregnable place of protection.
trunk as gnarled as any I had ever seen. It was project- • Refuge: shelter or protection from danger or
ing out over a 600-foot drop-off in an almost horizon- distress.
tal position. This tree did not compare in beauty with • Savior: one who saves from danger or destruc-
the majestic pines in the mountains nearby, yet the tion.
leaves were a beautiful green. Saul had hunted David for approximately ten
In this terrain and high altitude, the winters are years. Many times David must have felt “there is but
harsh. Looking at that small tree, I wondered how a step between me and death” (1 Samuel 20:3). But
it could have survived through the rough conditions David cried to God, trusting Him for deliverance.
winter brings. Looking more closely, I found that the In verses 8 through 20, the Lord is pictured as
base and the roots were right under the platform of moving with irresistible force to disperse and destroy
rock where I was standing. It was safe and solidly an- David’s enemies who would have killed him. Then
chored, no matter what came. God res-cued David and moved him to a place of
This can be compared to our Christian walk. Tri- safety and freedom.
als and temptations will come our way, and at times In verses 21 through 28, it may seem as though
we may feel as though they could overwhelm us. Yet, David was boasting that his own abilities enabled him
like that tree, we know that our Rock, Christ Jesus, to please God and secure His blessing and protection.
will never move. However, the word “afflicted” in verse 28 can also
David was like that tree. He knew that he was be translated as “humble.” David understood that the
rooted and grounded in a strong Rock — his Fortress only way to please God is through submission to Him.
and Deliverer. The first verse of this chapter explains In verse 29, David thanked God for being his
that David sang this song as a prayer, thanking the “lamp,” and “lighting his darkness.” He then ac-
Lord for delivering him from his enemies and King knowledged that God was giving him safety and
Saul. Being in exile and running for your life would victory. Verse 36 states, “thy gentleness has made
be quite a trial. Yet, David found peace knowing that me great.” David was amazed that God would reach
God was on his side. down and reveal His will to him, but he wanted to
There is nothing more comforting and assuring give Him the credit for his success. In verses 38 to 43,
than knowing that our Foundation is secure! David declared in graphic language the total victory
God had given over his enemies.
BACKGROUND
God’s love gave David victory after victory and
This song is also recorded, with minor changes, as placed him on a secure throne. No wonder he ex-
Psalm 18, being modified to worship with groups of claimed “The Lord liveth!”(verse 47). The gods of the
singers. It is thought that David composed this song nations around him were dead idols, made from wood,
early in his reign, probably after the victories recorded stone, or metal, but God heard David’s prayers and
in 2 Samuel 8 and 10. It is significant that Saul is not answered them!
named as one of David’s enemies, even though he
tried at least five times to kill him. David considered AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Saul to be God’s anointed, and would not harm him III. Appendices
even when he had the opportunity, waiting instead un- C. The song of David’s deliverance from Saul
til he was removed in God’s time. (22:1-51)
 1. The occasion for praise (22:1-4)
2. The sorrows of the past (22:5-7)
3. The praise for the Lord’s intervention
(22:8-20)
4. The fact of the Lord’s reward
(22:21-28)
5. The judgment of David’s enemies
(22:29-43)
6. The exaltation of David over his
enemies (22:44-49)
7. The concluding praise (22:50-51)
A CLOSER LOOK
CONCLUSION
1. What do you believe was David’s primary motiva-
tion for living a righteous life, pleasing God or receiv- This psalm of praise expresses David’s reliance
ing protection and blessings? on God, his humility and desire to let others know
what God can do for them if they rely on Him. He
obeyed God’s law and saw the great value in having a
“conscience void of offence toward God and toward
man.” (Acts 24:16).
The trust David had put in God while he was a
shepherd had grown to include every aspect of his
life. We can follow in the steps of humility, trust, and
obedience, knowing God will provide our needs each
day.
2. Verse 35 states, “He teacheth my hands to war.” In NOTES
verse 36, David says, “thy gentleness hath made me
great.” How can we reconcile the seeming contradic-
tion of these two statements?

3. David’s song covers many years of his life. Why

would it be a good thing to look back over our lives
and thank God for what He has done?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 23:1-39

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS No wonder, then, that soldiers and military leaders

alike were happy to serve him as their “commander in
“Although my house be not so with God; yet he chief.”
hath made with me an everlasting covenant, or- After David’s last words about God’s faithfulness,
dered in all things, and sure: for this is all my sal- the deeds of many who served under him are listed.
vation, and all my desire, although he make it not This was unusual, as the custom of the time was for
to grow.” (2 Samuel 23:5) the king to receive the honor and credit for any mili-
tary victory. A text similar to this can also be found in
As my husband carried our luggage to the car, 1 Chronicles 11:10-47.
our hostess at the home where we had spent the night The most elite among David’s warriors were re-
shared the early morning traffic report with us. She ferred to as “the three,” and then “the thirty” were
said that Highway 61 south of Interstate 94 was be- noted. Since the total of the names was more than
ing rerouted, and we could expect a two-hour delay. thirty, new warriors were probably appointed to that
Officials were reconstructing a serious accident that group when one died. Note that Uriah the Hittite was
had taken place there earlier. The thought occurred to listed. Benaiah was in charge of David’s bodyguard
me that it seemed strange, almost ironic, that anyone (2 Samuel 20:23). Later, Solomon put Benaiah in
would want to “reconstruct an accident.” Yet, there is charge of his army.
a purpose behind such actions. Researchers are look- Verses 13-17 contain a wonderful example of
ing for any possible indications of error, mechanical David’s heartfelt love and appreciation for God and
failure, or cause of the problem. They want to learn his faithful soldiers, and also an example of the de-
what they can from the accident. votion the soldiers felt for their godly and upright
In today’s text, David was reconstructing, or re- leader. Since this occurred “in the harvest time” there
viewing, God’s promise to him. He said that God had would not have been rain, and so the cistern used to
made “an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things.” store their water was no doubt dry. With no water in
He was referencing the covenant made centuries earli- the cave, David was thirsty. He was not giving an
er when God had promised that the Messiah would be order when he expressed his longing for water from
born of Abraham’s lineage. David had been blessed in Bethlehem’s well, but these three men cared enough
so many ways on his path to the throne and also as the to make it happen. They had to go about twelve miles
King of Israel. In his mind he considered those bless- and break through the enemy’s lines in order to obtain
ings, reviewed his errors, and thought of the lessons the water David craved. David was moved by their
he had learned from them. devotion. He felt that drinking the water would be like
Reconstructing our walk with the Lord, like drinking the blood of those men, because they had
David did, can be a reassuring experience — a way to risked their lives to get it for him, so he poured it out
reaffirm our faith in God and to thank Him again for as an offering to God.
helping us and for His mercy. Such review can also This roll of valiant warriors is a testimony to
help us evaluate our current spiritual situation. As we David’s leadership ability. These men began to follow
consider times when God has corrected us, we can re- him for various reasons, but he was able with God’s
view the lessons we have learned in those situations. help, to mold them into a mighty group.
We can meditate upon the promises God has given us
as we have walked with Him, and we can inventory AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

whether we are still in as close communication with III. Appendices

Him as we should be. D. The concluding words of David (23:1-7)
There is value in reconstruction, both of a traffic E. The roster of David’s mighty men (23:8-39)
accident and also of our spiritual lives. Today would
be a good time to challenge ourselves to do a little re- A CLOSER LOOK
viewing and considering. 1. What were the names of the first three of David’s
mighty men?
BACKGROUND
Throughout his life, David wrote songs and po-
etry about God’s faithfulness and deliverance. With
few exceptions, David’s life was one of thankfulness.
2. What are the characteristics of a good leader? CONCLUSION
David’s appreciation toward God and toward his
warriors reminds us of what is important. We want to
thank God and remember what He has done for us.
NOTES

3. This chapter speaks of mighty men. What things

can we do today to be as supportive of our leadership
as the mighty men were to David in his day?
 DAYBREAK
2 Samuel 24:1-25

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS numbering the people. Although many historians are

unsure why this act was so wrong, the fact is that
“And the king said unto Araunah, Nay; but I David knew it was wrong and obstinately continued
will surely buy it of thee at a price: neither will I even after Joab’s discouragement.
offer burnt offerings unto the Lord my God of that God presented three choices to David. Each was a
which doth cost me nothing. So David bought the punishment that God had told the people would result
threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of from disobedience: disease, famine, or war. David’s
silver.” (2 Samuel 24:24) choice was the penalty that came most directly from
God — pestilence. This was a punishment for both
As the anniversary of September 11, 2001, ap- the house of David and the people of Israel. The Lord
proached, I challenged my sixth grade class to par- was angered with this nation for previous sins. When
ticipate in a school-wide “Acts of Kindness” project. the plague reached Jerusalem, David saw the angel of
Each child had the opportunity to sacrifice their time the Lord ready to slay the people, and he pleaded with
to do something for others to honor the thousands of God to spare Israel and let him pay for the sin.
people who died on that tragic day. “Do something Through Gad, the Lord commanded David to
you wouldn’t normally do,” I encouraged, “and it will build an altar of sacrifice. This showed David that
be more meaningful.” God had accepted his repentance. The call for sacri-
The pledges rolled in. Some students pledged to fice foreshadowed the need of sacrifice to reconcile
spend time with an elderly neighbor. Some pledged to sin. Araunah was a Jebusite Gentile and owner of the
do the dishes for their mothers. Others offered to take threshing floor on which David was to sacrifice. He
over chores for their siblings. Each pledge was a sac- had probably converted to the Jewish faith, and was
rifice, but the more the children sacrificed, the better therefore living among the Israelites. David went to
they felt. this man himself, rather than sending a messenger,
It was no wonder that David felt he could not es- which was a sign of humility.
cape unhurt by his sin. He knew God would not accept Araunah offered the land free, plus oxen and any
anything but his whole heart. Taking the easy way out, other item needed for the sacrifice. He gave as a king
though offered, would have devalued his sacrifice. would give. In Hebrew it is worded, “He gave, even
God requires sacrifice from every heart. In a still, the king to the king,” which could indicate that he was
small voice, He tells each of us what He wants. Faith- the king of the Jebusites in the area. Though Araunah
fully being in our place every day is a sacrifice. God was a foreigner and this was Israelite land, David re-
may call you to reach out to someone who is alone fused to take the land without payment. He bought the
and needy. He may ask you to give up a hobby that threshing floor and the oxen for 50 shekels of silver,
clutters your mind with the things of the world. He and later purchased the adjoining ground for 600 shek-
may show you an opportunity to give sacrificially for els of gold.
the spread of the Gospel. The Temple was later built on this property. The
Just as a pledge of kindness cannot reverse the threshing floor became the location of the Temple
horrible tragedy, sacrifice cannot earn us salvation. courtyard where the brazen altar for sacrifice was lo-
The sacrifice alone did not reconcile David to God, cated. Currently this location holds the Dome of the
but rather, God used the sacrifice as a symbol of Da- Rock, which is an Islamic mosque. There is a place on
vid’s submission and humility. the Temple mount that still has indentation from
God tells us that to sacrifice our lives to Him is where it was used as a threshing floor. Orthodox Jews
our reasonable service; after all, He mercifully paid are presently preparing for the rebuilding of the
our debt. If we offer Him less than our whole lives, we Temple on this location.
have really offered Him nothing at all.
What has God asked from you? His gift of for- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

giveness is amazing. Let us also be willing to offer our III. Appendices

time, energies, and resources, as well as our hearts. F. The sin of David in numbering the people
(24:1-25)
BACKGROUND 1. The census taken by David (24:1-9)
The chapter begins by stating that the Lord was 2. The confession of David’s sin
angered with Israel, and David reacted to this anger by (24:10-14)
 3. The judgment of God because of
David’s sin (24:15-18)
4. The altar constructed and the pestilence
stopped (24:19-25)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How many people died from the pestilence?

CONCLUSION
Jesus sacrificed everything to purchase our salva-
tion. If we sacrifice our lives to God, we can make a
2. Why did David need to buy the threshing floor and difference for souls who are tragically dying in sin.
the oxen? How can we do anything less for Him?
NOTES

3. What are some things God might ask us to sacrifice

to Him?
 DAYBREAK
Section Introduction

Overview for 1 Kings

Purpose: The Book of 1 Kings recounts signifi- On several occasions, kings encounter a prophet
cant events in Israel’s history from the close of King or prophets. Chapters 17 through 22 feature the con-
David’s reign through the deaths of Ahab and Je- flict of Elijah the prophet with Ahab and Jezebel, the
hoshaphat. It also contrasts the lives of those who rulers of Israel. As well as its religious and theocratic
lived for God and those who failed to do so. lessons, 1 Kings gives invaluable facts as to the char-
Author: The Jewish Talmud says that Jeremiah wrote acter, conduct, and customs of the kings and people
the Books of Kings, possibly assisted by other proph- during this period. The insight into the religious, mili-
ets. Some scholars believe that Ezra and the priests tary, and civil institutions of the people, their arts and
compiled the information contained in the books. education, their resources, commerce, and exploits is
clear and instructive. Their alliances with other peo-
Date Written: Sometime after 561 B.C. ple, the causes of their moral degradation, and their
Setting: At the beginning of 1 Kings, Israel is one downfall from one nation are also documented.
great nation. The Book records the nation’s division The first portion of this Book contains a study of
into Israel (the Northern Kingdom) and Judah (the the end of the reign of King David, who extended the
tribes of Judah and Benjamin, the Southern King- borders of the kingdom. However, it was Solomon,
dom). The nation was also divided spiritually, with his son and successor, who developed the economic
Israel going into idolatry first under Jeroboam, and prosperity of Israel (1 Kings 10:23). This book also
Judah following God intermittently, depending on covers the golden age of the fine arts in Israel. Sev-
whether or not they had a righteous king. eral of the books of the Old Testament were written
during this period — Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,
Key People: David, Solomon, Rehoboam, Jeroboam, and the Song of Solomon. The worship of God
the Queen of Sheba, Elijah, Ahab, Jezebel reached an all-time high during the reigns of David
Summary: It is believed that the Books of 1 and 2 and Solomon, which was never to be attained again in
Kings were originally all one Book. It was first sepa- Scripture. This worship, however, began to collapse
rated into two books in the Septuagint, the earliest during Solomon’s rule. The seeds of the fall of Israel
translation of the Old Testament. The first division in were sown. 1 Kings 11:1-8 describes the weaknesses
Hebrew Scriptures is found in the Rabbinic Bible of of Solomon.
1517. The time frame of both books together is about The Book of 1 Kings is a history that was written
450 years. from a theological viewpoint with a specific purpose
The Book of 1 Kings forms a direct continuation in mind. The author understood that Israel’s covenant
of the two Books of Samuel. It recounts events of with God went back to the time of Abraham and that
119 years, beginning with some final events of King Israel was given the privilege to be a kingdom of
David’s reign, and continuing with Solomon’s reign, priests and a holy nation. This, however, carried with
and the building of the temple (1 Kings 1:1–11:43). It it a great responsibility. The kings of Israel and Judah
then records the division of the kingdom, and the rule were judged on the basis of whether they obeyed the
of various kings of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 12–22). laws of the covenant.
Timeline Many of these dates are approximate, as reference materials differ.

David The Temple Asa is Jehoshaphat Ahab

is made is finished made is made king dies
king 959 king of of Judah 872 853
1010 B.C. Judah
910
Solomon Shishak Ahab is Benhadad
is made invades made king attacks
king Jerusalem of Israel Samaria
970 925 874 857
The Elijah
kingdom begins his
is divided ministry
930 875

Outline Hannah’s Bible Outlines used by permission per WORDsearch.

A complete amplified outline of this book is available on our website at www.apostolicfaith.org.

I. The reign of Solomon (1:1 — 11:43)

A. The ascension of Solomon (1:1 — 2:12)
B. The judgments of Solomon (2:13-46)
C. The wisdom of Solomon (3:1-28)
D. The administration of Solomon (4:1-34)
E. The work of Solomon (5:1 — 8:66)
F. The splendor of Solomon (9:1 — 10:29)
G. The apostasy of Solomon (11:1-40)
H. The death of Solomon (11:41-43)
II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel (12:1 — 22:53)
A. The division of the kingdom (12:1-24)
B. The reign of Jeroboam of Israel (12:25 — 14:20)
C. The reign of Rehoboam (14:21-31)
D. The reign of Abijam (15:1-8)
E. The reign of Asa (15:9-24)
F. The reign of Nadab of Israel (15:25-31)
G. The reign of Baasha of Israel (15:32 — 16:7)
H. The reign of Elah of Israel (16:8-14)
I. The reign of Zimri of Israel (16:15-20)
J. The reign of Omri of Israel (16:21-28)
K. The reign of Ahab of Israel (16:29 — 22:40)
L. The reign of Jehoshaphat (22:41-50)
M. The reign of Ahaziah of Israel (22:51-53)
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 1:1-53

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Adonijah may have seemed the likely candidate

to succeed his father. As David’s fourth son, he was
“And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a the oldest one living. Amnon, the firstborn, had been
worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to killed by Absalom (2 Samuel 13:20-33). The second
the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, son, Daniel, is mentioned only once (1 Chronicles
he shall die.” (1 Kings 1:52) 3:1), so he must have died while he was still young.
Absalom, the third son, rebelled and was killed by
Actions have consequences. That is a lesson we Joab (2 Samuel 13:1-18). Perhaps thirty-five years
try early to instill in our children. Not long ago, a old, Adonijah was used to having his own way be-
first-grade girl was sitting in church with one of her cause his father had not disciplined him (verse 6).
friends. Paying little attention to what was going on Adonijah gathered followers, including some
in the service, the little girl and her friend were talk- who had been loyal to David during Absalom’s rebel-
ing and giggling. Her mother tried to quiet her, but a lion (see chart on next page), and set about to make
few moments after her whispered correction, the talk- himself king. Adonijah, Abiathar, and Joab may have
ing and giggling resumed. Finally, the girl’s mother known that David intended Solomon to succeed him
took her out of the service to discipline her. She told on the throne, yet they chose to ignore that knowledge
her daughter that because her behavior had been inap- and forge ahead in a conspiracy. A coronation feast
propriate, she would not be allowed to sit with any of was held in the Kidron Valley, south of Jerusalem.
her friends during church for one month. The girl very David had promised Bathsheba, Solomon’s moth-
sweetly said, “Oh, Mom, I am so sorry. I will not do er, that Solomon would follow him as the king of
it again, ever!” The mother accepted that apology, but Israel. The prophet, Nathan, knew of that promise,
let her daughter know that the apology did not change and also knew that God intended for Solomon to be
the discipline. Actions have consequences! king. Nathan was courageous enough to take a course
We can see that concept in today’s text. Adonijah of action that was intended to stop Adonijah.
took a bold step and declared himself king. The con- When Bathsheba and Nathan made David aware
sequence of that action was that he feared for his life. of the current events regarding Adonijah, he immedi-
Nathan took a bold step and devised a plan to prompt ately arranged to have Solomon anointed as king. This
David to make Solomon king. The result — Adonijah’s was accomplished publicly at Gihon, a spring that was
conspiracy was defeated. In our key verse, Solomon less than a mile from Adonijah’s celebration. The peo-
let Adonijah know that the consequences of his future ple’s excitement was loud enough for Adonijah and
actions would be life or death. his cohorts to hear.
Our actions today will have consequences. We The people of Israel were given several indicators
may not make life or death decisions or turn the direc- which showed that David had appointed Solomon. At
tion of a kingdom, but we will have conversations, this time, mules were prized animals, and most people
go places, and participate in activities. What we say rode donkeys. Only the king rode the king’s mule.
could encourage someone to seek God, or what we do The blowing of the trumpet indicated that this event
could influence another person to drift in his or her re- was official. The holy anointing oil was used to anoint
lationship with the Lord. Even seemingly insignificant the high priests and the kings.
actions can have lasting consequences. Let us pray Once Adonijah and his followers became aware of
that God will help what we do to have results that will Solomon’s coronation, their party quickly disbursed.
glorify Him! Adonijah went to the altar, hoping for safety. Solomon
let him return home on the condition that he behaved.
BACKGROUND
The Book of 1 Kings opens with a description of AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

the ailing King David. Though he was aged and weak I. The reign of Solomon
in his body, his mind and wisdom and will were yet A. The ascension of Solomon
strong — facts that are illustrated by this chapter. 1. The suppression of Adonijah (1:1-53)
While Abishag was considered a concubine of a. Adonijah’s plot to be king (1:1-27)
David, she did not serve as an ordinary concubine. (1) David’s decline (1:1-4)
She was David’s companion and probably his per- (2) Adonijah’s declaration
sonal nurse. (1:5-10)
 (3) Nathan’s counterplot 3. Note some lessons you have learned because of
(1:11-27) consequences to your actions.
(a) The plot formed
(1:11-14)
(b) The plot executed
(1:15-27)
b. Solomon’s anointing (1:28-40)
(1) The reassurance of Bathsheba
(1:28-31)
(2) The command to anoint
Solomon (1:32-37)
(3) The anointing of Solomon
(1:38-40)
c. Adonijah’s submission (1:41-53)
(1) The disturbing news (1:41-49) CONCLUSION
(2) The great fear (1:50-53)
Each day holds a new set of actions and conse-
A CLOSER LOOK quences. What sort of results will your life produce
today?
1. Who declared Adonijah king?
NOTES

2. In essence, Nathan asked David, “Have you ap-

pointed Adonijah king without telling me?” Why do
you think Nathan felt free to ask such a question of
the king?

Individual Position Absolom’s rebellion Adonijah’s rebellion

Joab David’s army commander Sided with David Sided with Adonijah
Abiathar High Priest Sided with David Sided with Adonijah
Jonathan Abiathar’s son Sided with David Sided with Adonijah
Zadok High Priest Sided with David Sided with David
Distinguished warrior
Benaiah (head of David’s bodyguard, Sided with David Sided with David
the Cherethites & Pelethites)
Nathan Prophet Not mentioned Sided with David
Shimei (2 men) One Shimei cursed David Another Shimei sided with David
Rei This text is his only reference Sided with David
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 2:1-46

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS leadership of Israel — God. He laid out the impor-

tance of following the commandments of the Lord
“I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong and of continuing the heritage being handed down
therefore, and shew thyself a man; and keep the to him. In this admonition, David provided the ba-
charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, sic foundation for the successful leadership of Israel,
to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and which was following God’s ways.
his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written David named some people and told Solomon
in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in to take note of them and to deal with them accord-
all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest ing to the way that they had conducted themselves
thyself.” (1 Kings 2:2-3) during David’s reign — Joab, Barzillai, and Shimei.
Joab needed to be dealt with for shedding innocent
When I began working in the drilling department blood (2 Samuel 3:27 and 20:10) and for supporting
of our machine shop, I didn’t have a clue about what Adonijah, Solomon’s rival to the throne. Barzillai
was required to get the job done. All I knew was that had provided for and helped David during Absalom’s
our product came in without holes and had to go to revolt (2 Samuel 17:27-29) and, therefore, his fam-
the next department with holes. Fortunately for me ily deserved to be treated well for his loyalty. Shimei
(and the quality of our product), I was not sent to fig- had cursed and reviled David in his exile during the
ure things out for myself. I was put under the supervi- reign of Absalom (2 Samuel 16:5-8) and was also a
sion of a qualified person — someone who knew the descendant of Saul who could still cause trouble dur-
job and could show me how to follow the procedures. ing Solomon’s reign.
Once I had the knowledge, it was up to me to apply it. Solomon then established his leadership by mak-
I had to utilize the training I had been given and per- ing some hard decisions. His first actions as king
form the job in the correct manner. included three executions. Two of those people had
In our Christian walk, we also have “trainers.” It been shown mercy and would not have died if they
is important to have good examples of faith and god- had followed Solomon’s commands. Adonijah had
liness to show us the proper procedure. We can read been allowed to live after his insurrection, but contin-
about these people in God’s Word or observe them in ued in his deceitful bid for the throne. Adonijah asked
our day. Then, it is up to us, as individuals, to decide for Abishag because having the king’s concubine was
to follow. Although the world around us continu- like claiming the throne. Solomon knew this. Shimei
ally encourages compromise and tempts us to take broke his agreement with Solomon and brought judg-
shortcuts or an easier route, we know that obedience ment upon himself.
brings the blessing and that shortcuts bring hardship It was important for Solomon to begin his reign
and potential spiritual disaster. with strength and righteousness. By following God’s
In our devotional text, David knew that he ways and making important first steps, he secured the
was not going to live much longer and he wanted kingdom.
Solomon to have courage and to follow the right way.
Solomon had received the training, and now it was
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

time for him to go solo and prove God’s Word. It was I. The reign of Solomon
up to him to apply the knowledge that had been mod- A. The ascension of Solomon
eled by his father and to be strong. If he faithfully fol- 2. The charge of David (2:1-9)
lowed God’s commands, David knew Solomon would a. Concerning keeping the law
be showing himself “a man,” someone God could (2:1-4)
bless and guide. b. Concerning Joab (2:5-6)
How about us? Will we choose the right way c. Concerning Barzillai (2:7)
today? God will be there to help us, just as He has d. Concerning Shimei (2:8-9)
helped others. 3. The death of David (2:10-12)
B. The judgments of Solomon (2:13-46)
BACKGROUND 1. The judgment of Adonijah (2:13-25)
Today’s text gives the account of David’s final a. Adonijah’s request (2:13-18)
advice to Solomon and of Solomon’s first actions as b. Bathsheba’s plea for Adonijah
king. In his advice, David first acknowledged the true (2:19-21)
 c. Solomon’s condemnation of
Adonijah (2:22-24)
d. Adonijah’s death (2:25)
2. The judgment on Abiathar (2:26-27)
3. The judgment on Joab (2:28-35)
4. The judgment on Shimei (2:36-46)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. According to David, why was it important to walk
in God’s ways?
CONCLUSION
Although Solomon had to make some hard deci-
sions, he had the strength and help of God to carry the
burden. When we are in a situation that requires spiri-
tual fortitude, we can know that God is right there
waiting to show His strength through us.
NOTES
2. What do you think the outcome would have been if
Adonijah had supported his brother Solomon, and had
not asked for David’s concubine?

3. Perhaps you are facing a situation in life where you

need more spiritual strength. Think of some godly
people you could look to for encouragement, and note
what you can learn from their examples.
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 3:1-28

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS daughters to marry into another nation, so this mar-

riage indicated that Egypt was a weak country and
“Give therefore thy servant an understanding that Israel was strong.
heart to judge thy people, that I may discern History indicates that man has always felt worship
between good and bad: for who is able to judge to any kind of god should take place in the heights,
this thy so great a people?” (1 Kings 3:9) thus many of the “high places” were places of idol
worship and ungodly rituals. High places was the Ca-
My childhood friends and I used to talk about naanite term for elevated platforms on which their
wishes. We would ask, “What would you wish for if idolatrous objects were placed and worshiped.
you had three wishes?” Sometimes we would even Before the Temple was constructed, Israel wor-
ask, “What would you ask for if you had only one shiped God in some of these areas, including Gibeon
wish?” It is amusing to look back on those conversa- (modern El-Jib, located about six miles northwest of
tions. Our responses then might have been that we Jerusalem). The Tabernacle and brazen altar were
wanted all the ice cream we could eat; or when we located in Gibeon at this time (2 Chronicles 1:3-6), so
were a little older, to be attractive, popular, or tal- Solomon made burnt offerings there. Later Solomon
ented. And there is always money! That can so easily went to Jerusalem and offered before the ark, which
come to mind at any age. As adults, perhaps health, was housed in a tent that David had made for it
freedom, happiness, or other benefits that we can so (2 Samuel 6:12-17).
easily take for granted might be mentioned. When God told Solomon, “Ask what I shall give
How many people desire wisdom? This is an atti- thee,” Solomon’s response showed humility and his
tude that is easily overlooked. Yet God’s Word plainly awareness of his youth and lack of experience. Bi-
declares that He will answer if in faith we ask Him for ble commentators think Solomon was about twenty
wisdom. He also lets us know the importance of ask- years old when he had this experience with God. The
ing with the proper motive, and putting others rather phrase, “an understanding heart” means a hearing
than ourselves at the center of our desires. heart, and indicated Solomon’s desire to obey God.
We read that Solomon loved the Lord. He desired Solomon’s wisdom was quickly put to the test.
to worship God, and did so. He wanted to please God, The account of the two harlots indicates that Solomon
and he prayed a prayer that did just that. Solomon served all the people of his kingdom. His wise judg-
was extremely aware of his own inabilities. Seeing ment in the matter convinced the Israelites that he had
the task before him, he realized his great need of God, God-given wisdom for the administration of justice.
and focused on this rather than on the prestige of be- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
ing king. Solomon illustrated for us the proper formu-
la for asking of God. I. The reign of Solomon
True wisdom is beyond good logic; it is a godly C. The wisdom of Solomon (3:1-28)
insight. It can seem like a lofty and unreachable goal, 1. The political marriage of Solomon (3:1)
but God’s Word admonishes us to seek for it. This 2. The choice of wisdom by Solomon
wisdom cannot come from man. We must desire and (3:2-28)
request it straight from God himself. a. The setting (3:2-3)
As children, we might have wondered how to b. The request for wisdom (3:4-9)
cover everything with only one wish. Yet we find that c. The gift of wisdom (3:10-15)
Solomon’s request did exactly that. He asked for the d. The demonstration of wisdom
one thing that would help him lead God’s people and (3:16-28)
he left all else up to God. (1) The complaint of the harlots
Let us purpose to sincerely ask God to give us His (3:16-22)
wisdom for this day. (2) The solution to the
controversy (3:23-28)
BACKGROUND
A CLOSER LOOK
Solomon’s marriage to Pharaoh’s daughter was
1. How many burnt offerings did Solomon make in
a political move with the intent of promoting a dip-
Gibeon?
lomatic alliance. Historical records show that at
this time the Pharaohs did not ordinarily allow their
2. What do you suppose Solomon had in mind when CONCLUSION
he asked God for an understanding heart?
When asking God, we can easily aim too low.
God would have us aim for the center of the target by
asking for wisdom.

NOTES

3. God gave Solomon wisdom, but Solomon had to

apply that in life. Give some examples of how we can
apply God’s wisdom in our lives.
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 4:1-34

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS The “largeness of heart” that God gave Solomon

was an extraordinary ability to grasp things beyond
“And God gave Solomon wisdom and understand- the natural understanding of man. These attributes
ing exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even made him the most widely-known king in that era.
as the sand that is on the sea shore.” (1 Kings 4:29) However, he foreshadowed a greater King who came
to this world in a manger. Jesus, though not clothed
The heart is a tireless, never-ceasing pump. It be- with the finest physical apparel as King Solomon,
gins beating way before an infant takes its first breath, held a far more lasting and significant throne. His
and it continues to beat until the moment of death. Kingdom, one not of this world, thrives in the lives of
Though surprisingly small, this cardiac muscle with individuals today.
life-sustaining power contracts and relaxes about 70
to 80 times per minute, and pumps about 4300 gallons BACKGROUND
of blood per day. Its average size is that of a clenched God gave Solomon the wisdom and understand-
fist and its weight is approximately 11 ounces. Every ing to surround himself with great men. He had
cell in the body needs oxygen-rich blood in order to princes, scribes, priests, historians, and officers as
survive, and the heart’s main function is to deliver it. chief officials. He had twelve officers who took turns
Though modern technology has revealed some providing for his household every month. Solomon
of its mystery, there is still much fascination and cu- reigned over all of Israel and over all the neighboring
riosity surrounding the exploration of the nature and kingdoms from the River Euphrates on the east, to the
function of the human heart. Solomon must have been Mediterranean Sea on the west, to Egypt in the south.
intrigued by its complexities as well. In the Book Never in the history of Israel did a king have domin-
of Proverbs alone, he mentioned the word “heart” ion over such a vast territory.
81 times in 78 verses. Solomon understood that the It took thirty measures of flour, sixty measures of
“heart” refers to more than an important physical meal, ten fat oxen, twenty oxen out of the pastures,
function — he also understood its spiritual reference. and a hundred sheep, besides harts, roebucks, fallow
Physically, God placed the heart in the middle of deer, and fatted fowl to feed Solomon’s household
the chest behind the breastbone, between the lungs, for one day. He had forty thousand stalls of horses
resting in a chamber surrounded by the ribcage, with for his chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen. He
the diaphragm — a tough layer of muscle — lying be- wrote over one thousand songs and more than three
low. As a result, the heart is well protected. thousand proverbs. His knowledge was extensive and
The spiritual heart is at the center of our being. In encompassed all that was known at that time on topics
the regenerated heart are trust, faith, forgiveness, and such as trees, animals, insects, birds, and sea life.
love. In the unregenerated heart are wicked imagina- Solomon was wiser than “all men” and, therefore,
tions, lust, envy, and deceit. Our heart is where God’s his fame spread to all the nations in the surrounding
Word will be written or rejected. Solomon spoke often area. Many came to see and listen to him because they
of how to guard it with diligence. had heard of his wisdom, power, and wealth.
One way to safeguard our spiritual heart is to
ask God to take ownership of it. The very essence of AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

who we are as individuals needs to be surrendered to I. The reign of Solomon

Him. Once we have relinquished control of our lives D. The administration of Solomon (4:1-34)
to Him, He regenerates our hearts. This restoration 1. The officials of Solomon (4:1-6)
brings us into unity and harmony with our Creator. He 2. The deputies of Solomon (4:7-19)
erases any sins that we have committed in the past and 3. The reign of Solomon (4:20-34)
does not remember them against us any more. This re- a. His wealth and power (4:20-28)
sults in us feeling happy, transformed, and new. b. His wisdom (4:29-34)
As we continue in our walk with God, Satan will
try to diminish our joy and cause our hearts to doubt A CLOSER LOOK
God. However, as we learn to trust God, He will not 1. How many officers did Solomon have?
only keep our hearts “healthy,” but He will expand
our capacity to experience new heights and depths and
breadths in Him.
2. In what ways did Solomon use the gifts God gave CONCLUSION
him to better Israel?
Out of His abundance, God gave Solomon what
he needed to rule a nation well. He will provide for
our daily needs too, as we endeavor to keep our
hearts in harmony with Him.
NOTES

3. Many sought to hear the wisdom of Solomon. How

should we seek the wisdom God offers?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 5:1 through 6:38

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS the Temple of God, he sent to Hiram, King of the great
Phoenician city of Tyre, requesting building materi-
“And the house, when it was in building, was built als. Hiram had been a friend of David, and had already
of stone made ready before it was brought thither: provided building materials that David had stored
so that there was neither hammer nor ax nor any away until Solomon was ready to use them.
tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in Hiram promised to have timbers cut in Lebanon,
building.” (1 Kings 6:7) transported to the sea (the Mediterranean), made into
rafts, and floated down to Joppa (see 2 Chronicles
Have you ever been on or near a building con- 2:16), which was the nearest port to Jerusalem. There
struction site? If so, you will likely agree it is a very the rafts would be taken apart and the timber transport-
noisy place. You may hear the crackling of fire as ed overland to the construction site.
wood burns on the scrap pile. There are conversa- In return for cedar and fir trees, Solomon promised
tions — sometimes loud conversations — going on to provide wheat and oil on a yearly basis for Hiram’s
between the workers as instructions and requests are storehouses. Wheat and oil apparently were not avail-
shouted back and forth. The roar of heavy equipment, able in the region surrounding Tyre, so this benefited
power saws, hammers, and air compressors can be al- Hiram. The two kings set up this treaty, which lasted
most overwhelming. However, all of these are neces- for many years and resulted in peaceful relations be-
sary if the construction project is to progress. tween the two nations.
In our text, we read about a massive construction Solomon recruited more than 180,000 laborers to
project. With so many people working on the Temple, work in the building program. Hiram sent Sidonians to
one would imagine that much construction noise Israel to assist Solomon in skilled labor, such as pre-
would have been part of the scene, yet we read that paring the timbers and shaping stones for the construc-
there was no sound of a hammer, ax, or any other tool tion. Ever mindful of how important the family unit
of iron heard in the Temple during construction. How was, and the hardship of having the man away from
could that be? All of the cutting of wood and chisel- home, Solomon sent only 10,000 laborers a month to
ing of stone had been done off-site. When the build- Lebanon to help cut down trees. After the month of la-
ing materials arrived on-site, they had been perfectly bor was up, the men were sent home for two months.
shaped to fit into their designated places in the Temple. Then they were sent back to Lebanon for another
Our lives are like a construction site. We are bom- month of duty. This rotation process continued for
barded daily with the “noise” of this world. There are about seven years, until the completion of the Temple.
pressures on our job and in our everyday lives. Noise
from the political and moral pressures of the world AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

surround us everywhere we turn. Sometimes it gets so I. The reign of Solomon

loud we can hardly think, but we have this confidence: E. The work of Solomon
the Master Builder, the Lord himself, is on the job. He 1. The preparations for the Temple(5:1-18)
is chiseling, molding, and shaping us to prepare us to a. Solomon’s message to Hiram
“fit” into His eternal Kingdom. (5:1-6)
When we arrive in Heaven, there will be no more b. Hiram’s league with Solomon
construction going on. We will be perfectly shaped to (5:7-12)
fit into our designated place in Heaven. The distracting c. Solomon’s labor force (5:13-18)
and annoying “sounds” of earth will be a thing of the 2. The construction of the Temple
past. The sounds we will hear up there will be singing, a. The construction of the house,
rejoicing, praising, and thanksgiving for all God has porches, and chambers (6:1-13)
done for us! (1) The construction (6:1-10)
(2) The divine promise (6:11-13)
BACKGROUND b. The construction within the house
God had told David that he could not build the (6:14-35)
Temple because he was a man of war and had shed (1) The decoration of the interior
much blood; David’s son Solomon would be the one to (6:14-18)
accomplish that task (1 Chronicles 22:8-10). When the (2) The construction of the inner
time had come for Solomon to begin construction on sanctuary (6:19-28)
 (a) The decorations (6:19-22) 3. Look back over your spiritual walk with God. In
(b) The cherubim (6:23-28) what ways has God chiseled, molded, and shaped you
(3) The construction of the doors for His Eternal Kingdom?
(6:29-35)
(a) The carvings and gold
overlay (6:29-30)
(b) The doors of the inner
sanctuary (6:31-33)
(c) The doors of the outer
sanctuary (6:34-35)
c. The construction of the inner court
(6:36)
d. The construction of the house
completed (6:37-38)

A CLOSER LOOK CONCLUSION

1. What twofold promise did God give to Solomon If we hold fast our confidence in God, make Jesus
concerning the Temple he was building? the Chief Cornerstone of our lives, and let God him-
self be the Masterbuilder, we have the assurance that
someday we will see Jesus in Heaven.
NOTES

2. Why do you think Solomon specifically wanted

cedar and fir trees for building the Temple?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 7:1-51

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS needed to build the Temple, God was there to help me
accomplish the task before me.
God truly is the source of all wisdom and under-
standing. As a result of this experience, I never hesi-
tate to encourage others to pray for wisdom. God can
give us wisdom and understanding to do whatever He
wants us to do!
BACKGROUND
The previous chapter ended with the foundation
of the Temple being laid and the information that the
building of the Temple took seven years.
The beginning of this chapter shifts attention to
the building of Solomon’s house and surrounding
royal buildings. The palace was part of a collection of
buildings near the Temple. In the center of Jerusalem
was an outer court with the house of Lebanon and
the porch of pillars. Then there was the middle court
with the palace and the house for the queen, Pharaoh’s
daughter. Next to the middle court was the Temple
court where the Temple was built. Both the Temple
court and the middle court were within the same outer
court.
King Solomon engaged a man named Hiram from
the city of Tyre as a craftsman. This was not King
Hiram, who was known to King David. This man
had an Israelite mother (see 2 Chronicles 2:14). He
was “filled with wisdom” in building and metalwork-
ing, particularly in brass (bronze). For the building of
God’s house, only the best man could be selected for
the job, and Hiram was that man.
The entire plan for the Temple had been revealed
to David, Solomon’s father, and this was the plan that
was used. It followed the basic layout of the Taber-
nacle in the wilderness, whose plan God had revealed
to Moses centuries before, but the Temple was perma-
nent, unlike the temporary nature of the Tabernacle,
and therefore had its own unique features with their
own powerful significance.
The first feature mentioned in this text was the
presence of two large pillars in front of the Temple.
These stood twenty-seven feet high, and were eigh-
teen feet in circumference. These pillars had names:
one was Jachin, which means, “He (the Lord) shall
establish.” The other pillar was named Boaz, which
means, “In it is strength.” These names were remind-
ers that God had established not only the Temple, but
also the worship ceremonies performed there.
The Temple also had a “molten sea,” a very large
bowl used for ritual purification at the front of the
Temple. The bowl was about fifteen feet in diameter
and held about 12,000 gallons of water. This stood be- 2. How did the pillars convey a spiritual lesson?
tween the brazen altar and the sanctuary. The priests
washed themselves at this place before they offered
sacrifices or entered the Temple.
Ten lavers, each holding over 200 gallons of wa-
ter, were in the sanctuary. The lavers were on wheels
so that when the water became dirty through washing
of hands and instruments, the lavers could be taken
to a place where the water was disposed of and the
lavers refilled. The tremendous amount of water, both
in the lavers and in the molten sea, shows how very 3. How do we express purity in our service to God
important it was to constantly keep all things pure in today?
the Temple.
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

I. The reign of Solomon

E. The work of Solomon
2. The construction of the Temple
e. The construction of the royal
palace (7:1-12)
f. The construction of the Temple
furnishings (7:13-50)
(1) The master craftsman
employed (7:13-14)
(2) The pillars (7:15-22)
CONCLUSION
(3) The brazen sea (7:23-26)
(4) The ten lavers (7:27-39) When we serve God in purity, we can receive His
(5) The summary of Hiram’s wisdom to do whatever is set before us, and the result
work (7:40-47) will glorify God.
(6) The golden utensils (7:48-50)
g. The construction completed (7:51) NOTES
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What were the purposes of the Temple?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 8:1-66

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS undertaking. Because it was to be God’s home, it had

to be pure in every aspect. In fact, God forbade David
“Then spake Solomon, The Lord said that he to build the Temple because he was a man of war and
would dwell in the thick darkness. I have surely had shed much blood.
built thee an house to dwell in, a settled place for Solomon started the construction during the
thee to abide in for ever.” (1 Kings 8:12-13) fourth year of his reign (about 480 years after Israel’s
exodus from Egypt), and it took seven years. The
A number of years ago, my wife and I were build- Temple was built with large stones and beams and
ing a house. We wanted it to be our dream home, boards of cedar, which were overlaid with gold and
so we spent a lot of time and energy trying to make silver. The estimated value of the building today
it perfect. Although our funds were limited, we in- would be several billion dollars. It was built in the
cluded upgrades and added “extras” to the extent our general plan of the Tabernacle, but the rooms were
resources would allow. Still, though we were happy double in size. The Children of Israel gave freely for
with the house and excited about the way it turned the purpose of building this Temple for God.
out, it was not “home” until we actually moved in. In today’s text, Solomon and Israel’s leaders
Before then, it was just a nice but empty dwelling. We brought the Ark and the holy vessels from the Tab-
had to put our furniture and our belongings in place ernacle and dedicated the Temple. The cloud, which
before it really felt like our home. had been the visible symbol of God’s presence with
In a way, the same was true with the Temple Israel during their travels from Egypt, filled the
Solomon built for the Lord, only on an immensely house.
grander scale. Amazing amounts of precious metals, “Seven days and seven days, even fourteen days”
jewels, and only the finest materials went into this refers to fourteen days of feasting. The celebration
structure. Still, until God entered the Temple — un- for the dedication of the Temple was seven days. This
til the Ark of the Covenant and His Mercy Seat were was followed by the Feast of Tabernacles, which was
brought into the structure — it was just a structure. also seven days.
Yes, it was a highly ornate and very expensive struc-
ture, but really just a structure. Only after God took AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
up residence did it become a temple — His Temple.
Each of us is building a structure — the structure I. The reign of Solomon
of our lives. Day by day we make choices and deci- E. The work of Solomon
sions that determine the construction materials. We 3. The dedication of the Temple (8:1-66)
want to use upgrades and extras, precious metals and a. The glory of God in the Temple
jewels. Some of these “materials” might be kind- (8:1-12)
ness, honor, faithfulness, and willingness. We want b. Solomon’s dedicatory speech
our lives to be constructed in a way that the Lord will (8:13-21)
be pleased to dwell in us forever. However, unlike an c. Solomon’s dedicatory prayer
earthly home or temple, God will “move” into our (8:22-53)
hearts before our construction project is complete. d. Solomon’s charge to the people
Then, if we will let Him, He will help us build in a (8:54-61)
way that is pleasing to Him. e. Solomon’s sacrifices and feast
How is your construction project progressing to- (8:62-66)
day? Is God dwelling in it? A CLOSER LOOK
BACKGROUND 1. How did God manifest Himself in the Temple?
The building of the Temple was a special project.
It was tremendously important that the Children of
Israel build this structure for God. Its construc-
tion was tied to God’s promise that He would dwell
among them and would not forsake His people.
Prior to the Temple’s construction, King David
recognized the awesome responsibility of this special
2. What does the fact that Solomon called together CONCLUSION
the elders of Israel and all the heads of the tribes
It was important that the Temple be built exactly
for the dedication of the Temple say about how he
to the specifications given by God so that He could
viewed that event?
dwell there. Just so, it is important that our lives are
pure and in agreement with God’s Word, so that He is
able to dwell within us.
NOTES

3. Although we do not sacrifice the way the Israelites

did as recorded in this chapter, how might we include
sacrifice in our lives to help make us a more perfect
temple for God?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 9:1-28

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“And if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy God’s second appearance to Solomon assured
father walked, in integrity of heart, and in upright- him that his prayers would be answered. However, the
ness, to do according to all that I have commanded Lord also gave a warning. His words were similar to
thee, and wilt keep my statutes and my judgments: those spoken by Moses in Deuteronomy 28:36-37 and
29:24.
then I will establish the throne of thy kingdom
Verses 9 through 28 of this chapter summarize the
upon Israel for ever, as I promised to David thy
building of the Temple. Solomon spent seven years on
father, saying, There shall not fail thee a man upon
this project, and thirteen years constructing his own
the throne of Israel.” (1 Kings 9:4-5) house, which was twice the size of the Temple.
As Christians, we must do what God has com- The 120 talents of gold sent by Hiram, King of
manded us, and keep His statutes and judgments. Tyre, weighed about four-and-a-half tons. Solomon
Sometimes we may find this to be a challenge! At gave Hiram twenty cities either as a gift or as col-
times we may need to seek His grace to do what we lateral for the gold. However Hiram did not like these
know He wants us to do. However, if we make the ef- particular cities and called them Cabul, which means
fort, He will unfailingly be with us to help, guide, and “as nothing” or “displeasing.” Eventually, it appears
encourage us along the way. that the cities were returned to Solomon
Several years ago the Lord put it on my heart that (2 Chronicles 8:2).
He wanted our family to move from Denver, Solomon was a builder. The fortress cities of
Colorado, to Portland, Oregon. My continual prayer Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer contained horses, chari-
to the Lord was that I wanted to stay in the center of ots, food stores, and weaponry. Millo (verse 15)
His will. Life was extremely busy, because I needed means “to fill” and was a portion of the Jerusalem
to work two jobs and balance my time with two wall that needed strengthening. Solomon had a sea-
young teenagers. Although I tried not to worry about port at Ezion-geber, which was at the Red Sea’s
the details, I was unsure how we were ever going to northern tip. By hiring Hiram’s experienced sailors,
make the trip and accomplish the move that God had Solomon was able to form a navy. Archaeological
directed. digging here has revealed remains from copper mines
One day a friend from work told me that her hus- and sophisticated smelting.
band, who owned and operated a moving company, Israel’s three yearly feasts were the Passover, Pen-
would move us. WOW! The price was amazingly low, tecost, and the Feast of Tabernacles. Solomon led the
not to mention that his company loaded and unloaded people of Israel by example when he brought sacrific-
the truck! God let me see that because I wanted to es and incense to the Temple for the priests to offer.
follow His leading, He would work out the details, Incense is a sweet-smelling substance that was
and He did it in a marvelous way. burned as an offering to God on the altar in the Taber-
God promised Solomon an established kingdom if nacle and the Temple. Its purpose was to honor God,
he would serve the Lord with his whole heart, as his and it symbolized the prayers of the Hebrew people,
father David had served Him. God laid down the which were considered a pleasant aroma ascending to
conditions: the key to Solomon’s success was his God. The incense used in Israel’s worship was made
obedience. according to a special formula, and was not to be du-
God lays down conditions for us, too, and obedi- plicated for any other purpose.
ence to Him is one aspect of life that we can control.
We cannot control the circumstances that come into AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

our lives. We cannot control what other people do or I. The reign of Solomon
how they treat us. However, we certainly can choose F. The splendor of Solomon
to obey God. 1. The warning to Solomon of apostasy
Whatever challenges we face, God promises us (9:1-9)
His help each day if we are walking in obedience to 2. The compensation of Hiram (9:10-14)
Him. He will enable us to follow His plan if we will 3. The building projects of Solomon
step out in faith and do what He asks. Someday, the (9:15-25)
rewards of obedience will be ours — because God 4. The assembling of a navy (9:26-28)
promised!
A CLOSER LOOK CONCLUSION
1. When did God appear to Solomon the second time? Each day we have the opportunity to follow God’s
directions. We will need His strength and grace to
succeed. He has promised to help us if we ask.

NOTES

2. Why do you think Solomon invested so much of

Israel’s manpower and money in building?

3. What blessings has God given you because of your

obedience to Him?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 10:1-29

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS her country had to offer. The queen gave Solomon an
abundance of spices and four-and-a-half tons of gold.
“Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, In return, Solomon gave the queen whatever she re-
and overlaid it with the best gold.” (1 Kings 10:18) quested from his royal bounty.
Solomon’s annual income was 666 talents of gold
Throughout our lives, most of us look for the best (approximately 25 tons), and was obtained in various
we can afford when we need something. We try to ways including taxes, trade, and gifts. Some of this
find the best home for a price that fits in our budget. gold was used for the ceremonial shields and to deco-
When we go shopping, we may look for clothes that rate Solomon’s throne room.
don’t wrinkle, but wear well. If we are in the market Solomon purchased horses from Egypt, which
for a job, most of us want the best — one with good Moses had forbidden in Deuteronomy 17:16. He even
pay, great working conditions, and flexible hours. The became a horse trader. Deuteronomy 17:17 also stated
best buys at the grocery store attract those looking for that a king of Israel should not have many wives or
bargains. Long-distance telephone companies and or- “multiply to himself silver and gold.”
ganizations offering credit cards constantly advertise Other royalty beside the Queen of Sheba came
that they are the “best,” as they fill our mailboxes with to see Solomon’s wealth and wisdom. These visits of
their persuasive packages. Even when it comes to va- foreign dignitaries promoted trade with other nations,
cations, we look for the best location, price, hotel, or which benefited Solomon and all of Israel. However,
campground. In the area of relationships, we look for rather than Israel influencing neighboring countries
“a best friend” to share our hearts with, or “the best toward God, they began to adopt the ways of those
person” to share our lives with. around them. Although the country reached its zenith
Sometimes we may obtain what we think is the as a nation during the reigns of David and Solomon,
best, yet end up with less than what we had hoped for. under Solomon’s leadership, Israel began turning
However, if our purpose is to yield ourselves to God away from God.
and He is at the center of our lives, everything He
does or gives exceeds all else in being exactly right AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

for us. Following God’s perfect plan for our lives is I. The reign of Solomon
the best way to live. His love is the best, and His gifts F. The splendor of Solomon
to us are the most useful and eternally valuable of any 5. The visit of the Queen of Sheba
we will ever receive. (10:1-13)
The “bests” in this life may be wonderful, but 6. The revenue of Solomon (10:14-29)
they will not last forever, yet what God gives only
gets better. When we have the Lord as our Savior, A CLOSER LOOK
even situations that seem difficult can ultimately be 1. What was the Queen of Sheba’s response to Solo-
the best. For example, the little crowded house can be mon’s magnificent kingdom?
the best shelter, the bread and soup we had for lunch
can be the best meal, and the job where we work hard
to earn every penny can be the best job around if we
know they are God’s will for us. The Lord is and
gives the “best.” Nothing else will ever be better!
BACKGROUND
The Queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon’s kingdom 2. Looking at the vast possessions of Solomon, what
was so she could personally investigate the reports she do we learn about having riches as believers?
had heard of his great wisdom and wealth. Her “hard
questions” may have been riddles or unfathomable
sayings.
Since Sheba (now Yemen) was also a wealthy
and sophisticated country, the queen brought expen-
sive gifts to present to Solomon. These items may
have also functioned as samples of the merchandise
3. In your own life, list the blessings that make you NOTES
rich. Why do these things stand out?

CONCLUSION
How wonderful it is to know that, with God at
the center of our lives, we never have to settle for less
than the best.
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 11:1-43

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS Those chapters speak of Solomon’s humility and his

God-given wisdom that amazed so many who traveled
“And Solomon did evil in the sight of the Lord, to hear his words. His untold wealth and the respect
and went not fully after the Lord, as did David his the surrounding nations had for him are noted.
father.” (1 Kings 11:6) In chapter 11 the story changes. Solomon’s glori-
ous reign was clouded by a great mistake — his mar-
As an owner of a construction business, some- riage to hundreds of women from other nations. The
times I face the challenge of finding reliable employ- text tells us that he clave to these in love. Many of
ees. One young man approached me about work, and these women (700 wives and 300 concubines, accord-
I agreed to give him a try. For a while, he did well. He ing to 1 Kings 11:3) were idolaters, and for them he
had experience and a good understanding of what we built heathen temples and altars, allowing into Israel’s
were trying to accomplish. He would do whatever I kingdom religious practices that his father David
asked, and he worked hard. However, after a time, he had tried so hard to suppress. Though Solomon had
started arriving late for work. As the days passed, he known and benefited from God’s approval in his life,
showed up later and later. More than once, I warned his heart was swayed by his many marriages and as-
him that his job was in jeopardy if he continued this sociations, and he chose to honor their desires rather
trend. For a few days, his punctuality would improve, than please God (11:3-8). Verse 6 says that Solomon
but then he would slip back until, sometimes, he was “did evil in the sight of the Lord, and went not fully
an hour and a half late. Finally, although I knew he after the Lord.” God’s warning regarding heathen
had a wife and child to support, I felt I had bent as far marriages is in verse 2.
as I could, and I had to let him go. Although polygamy (marrying more than one
Sadly, an unwise choice or act of disobedience woman) occured under the Law of Moses, it was
can quickly negate all the good that has been done be- contrary to God’s plan for marriage. In Deuteronomy
forehand. If another employer had contacted me for a 17:17, kings were commanded not to marry a great
work reference for this man, I could have mentioned number of wives. Solomon however did as the other
all the good things about him. However, along with nations and married numerous wives for political alli-
those it would have been necessary to add, “but he ance and prestige.
can’t get to work on time.” The text mentions some of the false gods that
Our text begins with a small phrase that causes Solomon turned to: Ashtoreth, Chemosh, and Molech
alarm: “But king Solomon . . .” Following those (11:5, 7). Ashtoreth (Ishtar is possibly the same god)
words, we find something that reversed what might was considered the goddess of love and fertility,
have been good for Solomon. By marrying hundreds the giver of life, and was worshipped throughout
of women from surrounding nations with false reli- Palestine and other countries. Chemosh was the na-
gions, he did exactly what God had said not to do. tional god of the Moabites. Some think that perhaps
These women captured his heart and led him down a Chemosh and Molech were the same god. Molech
road that, earlier, he would never have taken. He add- was the national god of the Ammonites, and children
ed something on his resume that was not there before: were sacrificed in his worship. Solomon courted di-
disobedience, and disobedience cost him God’s favor. saster in his decision to allow the worship of these
This account has a tragic ending. It illustrates that, strange gods, bringing an end to his reign and contam-
as important as a good start is, a good finish is even inating Israel’s worship of the true God. (See “Pagan
more important. It will do nothing for us if we eventu- Gods” supplement.)
ally decide to do things our own way. If we continue
to faithfully follow the Lord, we can avoid any dis- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

crediting items on the “resumes” of our lives. May I. The reign of Solomon
God help us realize that details do matter, and we can G. The apostasy of Solomon (11:1-40)
retain God’s best if we simply continue to obey Him. 1. The polygamy and idolatry of Solomon
(11:1-8)
BACKGROUND 2. The anger of Jehovah (11:9-13)
Chapters 2-10 of 1 Kings tell about Solomon’s 3. The chastisement of Jehovah (11:14-40)
carefulness in building the Temple, and how God’s a. The rise of Hadad, the Edomite
Spirit filled the Temple so powerfully at its dedication. (11:14-22)
 b. The rise of Rezon of Syria 3. Perhaps you remember a time when it was hard to
(11:23-25) follow your own advice. How can we be sure that we
c. The rise of Jeroboam (11:26-40) act with wisdom?
H. The death of Solomon (11:41-43)

 A CLOSER LOOK
1. God told Jeroboam that He would take ten tribes
from the hand of Solomon’s son, and thus the king-
dom would be divided. Why did God not take all
twelve tribes from Rehoboam?

CONCLUSION
Wisdom must be applied in order for it to help us.
We may have knowledge, but we must put it to use in
order to benefit from it.
NOTES
2. How was it that the wisest man who ever lived
could not follow his own advice?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 12:1-33

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS founded and provided for was torn from the hand
of King Solomon because he had angered God
“And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, (1 Kings 11:9-11). For David’s sake (1 Kings 11:12;
that stood before Solomon his father while he yet 1 Chronicles 17:13) He waited until Solomon’s death
lived, and said, How do ye advise that I may answer and left the line of David with two tribes — Judah and
this people?” (1 Kings 12:6) Benjamin. Judah, the largest tribe, and Benjamin, the
smallest, were often mentioned as one tribe because
I remember receiving my first big paycheck. How they shared the same border.
quickly my mind began assessing all of the things I Jerusalem was the seat of Israel’s government at
could buy! Suddenly I had been given the ability to the time of Solomon’s death. However, Rehoboam
get what I wanted. Should I go out to lunch with my went about thirty-five miles north to Shechem to be-
friends or buy myself a pizza? Should I buy a video come king. Possibly, Rehoboam thought it would help
game or maybe a stereo? All at once I was thrown into rally the support of the northern tribes if he traveled
the middle of decisions I had never faced before. north. The lack of unity between the tribes began in the
My mother, being the logical and intelligent per- time of the judges, and was especially noticeable be-
son that she is, tried to help me make wise choices. tween Judah (in the south) and Ephraim (in the north).
She knew having a car would be something I could The Law of Moses instructed the men of Israel
enjoy and appreciate for some time. Since one of the to go to the Temple three times each year. Afraid that
reasons I had taken a job was to gain more indepen- he would lose the loyalty of the northern Israelites,
dence, my mother encouraged me to work toward the Jeroboam set up his own centers for worship. Bethel
purchase of a car. However, that meant saving money was on the main road to Jerusalem, and only about
instead of spending it! ten miles north. Dan was at the most northern part of
Regretfully, I did not listen to my mother’s coun- Israel, thus sparing the people of that area the inconve-
sel. Instead, I made many impulsive and senseless nience of travel.
purchases, which left me little to show for the money The ten northern tribes — Ephraim, Manasseh,
I had earned. I squandered my paychecks on fulfilling Dan, Reuben, Simeon, Gad, Issachar, Zebulun, Asher,
my immediate desires instead of saving toward a long- and Naphtali — revolted against Rehoboam’s reign and
term goal. formed the kingdom of Israel. They elected Jeroboam
Eventually, I matured enough to recognize the wis- as their king and established their capital as the city of
dom of my mother’s advice, and changed my ways. (I Samaria. This was all done according to the prophecy
have a car now!) The lesson was a good one — though delivered to Jeroboam by Ahijah the prophet (1 Kings
it may seem easier to please ourselves than to follow 11:29-39).
wise counsel, the end result is not as good. Jeroboam had the potential to be the first of a great
In our focus verse, Rehoboam began his reign by line of kings. God told him that He would “build thee
asking the elders for advice. He did not like the advice a sure house, as I built for David” if he would only fol-
he was given, however, and he sought further advice low His commandments. Unfortunately, Jeroboam was
from his peers, and chose to follow their counsel. In the first of nineteen evil kings of Israel. He stained the
placing his desires ahead of the good of the kingdom, kingdom and led the way for all kings after him, who
he brought division and years of quarrel and strife to “walked in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin where-
the tribes. with he made Israel to sin.” For over two hundred
In the Gospel, we have a heritage of godly com- years, there was not a single good king in Israel, and
mandments, counsel, and traditions, both from the then Assyria conquered the kingdom and took them
Bible itself, and also from veteran Christians. May the into captivity.
Lord help us look for and follow the advice of our el-
ders in the church, and above all to seek and follow the
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

Lord’s counsel. If we do, we are certain to reap rich II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
spiritual rewards. A. The division of the kingdom (12:1-24)
1. The occasion of the division (12:1-5)
BACKGROUND 2. The various counsel to Rehoboam
This chapter marks a pivotal point in the history (12:6-11)
of the Children of Israel. The nation that God had 3. Rehoboam’s foolish decision (12:12-15)
 4. The revolt of the northern tribes 3. What is our responsibility to our elders in the
(12:16-20) Church today?
5. The civil war averted (12:21-24)
B. The reign of Jeroboam of Israel
1. The wicked scheme of Jeroboam
(12:25-33)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. How did Rehoboam know the “young men” from
whom he took counsel?

CONCLUSION
God has provided us with a wealth of spiritual
knowledge. Let us use every resource He has given so
we can be assured of every blessing He has for us.
2. Contrast the way Rehoboam asked the “old men” NOTES
for advice with the way he asked the “young men.”
What was the difference? (What was his attitude?)
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 13:1-34

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS only chose whoever he wanted to be priests (verses

33-34), he performed priestly duties himself (verse 1).
“And when the prophet that brought him back The prophecy concerning the desecration of the
from the way heard thereof, he said, It is the man golden calf altar in 1 Kings 13:2 is amazing because
of God, who was disobedient unto the word of the it refers to Josiah by name. This prophecy came to
Lord: therefore the Lord hath delivered him unto pass approximately three hundred years later, when
the lion, which hath torn him, and slain him, ac- King Josiah of Judah destroyed the golden calf idols
cording to the word of the Lord, which he spake (2 Kings 23:15-18).
unto him.” (1 Kings 13:26) Three miracles validated the authenticity of the
prophet of Judah’s message — the altar split, Jeroboam
Do you remember trying to get your own way as lost the ability to move his hand, and God restored his
a child by playing one parent against the other? When hand. Even after that, Jeroboam still made no move
Dad said no, you may have tried to circumvent his toward changing his ways.
answer by talking to Mom instead, hoping to get the Lions were common enough in Israel during Old
yes answer you really wanted. If your parents were Testament times to cause concern for the people and
communicating, they discovered your ploy, and you animals. This attack evidenced God’s control — the
discovered that no really meant no. ass stayed by the prophet’s body and so did the lion,
As children of God, we learn in 1 Kings 13 that and the lion did not hurt the ass or devour the body.
when God says no, He really means no. God instruct-
ed the prophet of Judah not to eat or drink until he AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

returned to his own land. The prophet of Judah clearly II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
understood this command, for he did not accept wick- B. The reign of Jeroboam of Israel
ed King Jeroboam’s offer of refreshment. However, 2. The warning to Jeroboam (13:1-32)
when the old prophet lied and tempted the man of a. The message of the prophet of
God to eat and drink, he gave in: the prophet of Judah Judah (13:1-10)
wanted God’s no to be yes because he was hungry and b. The misconduct of the prophet of
thirsty. Judah (13:11-20)
We can be tempted to disobey God when we want c. The death of the prophet of Judah
something He says we should not have, or we want to (13:21-25)
do something He says we should not do. If we let our d. The burial of the prophet of Judah
wants rule us, then, like children, we will try to find (13:26-32)
someone who will tell us that what we want is okay, 3. The impenitence of Jeroboam
even if it is clearly against God’s Word. That is a dan- (13:33-34)
gerous spiritual situation.
We can learn from the prophet of Judah. Obeying A CLOSER LOOK
God always brings benefits, although those benefits 1. When King Jeroboam offered a reward to the
may not be obvious at the outset of a temptation. In prophet of Judah, what was the prophet of Judah’s
every situation, God has our best interests at heart. If response?
we submit our desires to Him and ask Him to help us
be willing to obey, we will win every time.
BACKGROUND
King Jeroboam instituted the idolatrous golden
calf worship because he did not want the people to go
to Jerusalem to worship, for fear that they would give 2. The Bible never explains the motive of the old
their allegiance to Rehoboam, King of Judah (1 Kings prophet who deceived the prophet of Judah. Why do
12:26-27). The “sin of Jeroboam” (golden calf wor- you suppose the old prophet lied to the prophet of
ship) was promoted by every future king of Israel. Judah and tempted him to disobey God?
The Law instructed that only those from the tribe
of Levi were to be priests (Numbers 3:10-12). The
penalty for disobedience was death, yet Jeroboam not
 CONCLUSION
Let us not fit God’s Word to our wants. Let us al-
low God’s Word to fit us for His kingdom!
NOTES

3. Perhaps you know someone who would tempt you

to disobey God’s Word. What could help you resist
that temptation?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 14:1-31

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS herself and go to the prophet of the only true God. Her
gifts were those a commoner would give, rather than
“And it was so, when Ahijah heard the sound of gifts royalty would offer. Even though his eyesight
her feet, as she came in at the door, that he said, was gone, the prophet Ahijah was told by God who
Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam; why feignest thou was coming and what to say.
thyself to be another? for I am sent to thee with The prophet told Jeroboam’s wife that he had bad
heavy tidings.” (1 Kings 14:6) news for her, and pronounced the fate of their son
and of all the family because of the sins of the king.
My father was an identical twin. When he and his Ahijah prophesied that the descendants of Jeroboam
brother were in school, as a joke they would some- would be eaten by dogs (verse 11). At this time,
times switch desks. Their big challenge then was to Israelites did not keep dogs as pets. The dogs were
remember to answer to the other twin’s name. Later, scavengers in the streets, just as the vultures were
in the military during World War II, they repaired scavengers outside the cities. It was a great humili-
airplanes. When their company would be called to- ation for a Jewish person not to be buried properly.
gether to receive information, one twin would go and Baasha was the king who would “cut off the house
the other would keep working. The twin who heard of Jeroboam” (fulfilled in 1 Kings 15:27-30).
the information would keep the other informed. They Ahijah’s prophecy regarding Israel’s future (verse
could accomplish more that way — kind of like being 15) was fulfilled in 722 B.C. when Assyria overpow-
in two places at once! On a particular day, the twin ered them.
who reported to the company call came running back The Bible holds up David as the benchmark of
to the twin who was working. He said, “Come quick!” spiritual quality for the kings of Judah. In contrast,
They were to receive a commendation that day for Jeroboam is used as the standard measurement of
their labors, and one twin was about to miss it! Hap- depths of sin for the kings of Israel. This is the first
pily, they both made it back just in time to hear their time the Bible refers to Jeroboam as the one “who
names called. made Israel to sin.” That phrase is repeated eight other
A switch of identity for humorous or practical rea- times in those exact words, and other references bring
sons is one matter. However, Jeroboam sent his wife the total to at least twenty.
to the prophet with the intent to deceive. Jeroboam Verse 21 shifts the focus from the northern
knew that he had no credibility with either God or kingdom of Israel to the southern kingdom of Judah.
Ahijah. Although he had ignored God for a long time, Rehoboam’s mother was from Ammon and wor-
he suddenly wanted answers that he realized only God shipped Molech (1 Kings 11:1,7). Solomon reigned
could provide. Jeroboam tried to have his wife fool forty years, and Rehoboam was forty-one when he
the blind prophet of God and obtain what he desired. was made king, which indicates that Solomon married
The prophet Ahijah was physically blind but not spiri- foreign women before he became king.
tually blind, and God told him before Jeroboam’s wife The reference to sodomites means male prosti-
reached him, who was coming and why. tutes who were involved in heathen worship. This
Jeroboam and his wife could not fool God, nor shows that the southern kingdom of Judah had also
can we. He knows our identity. He even knows how moved far from God.
many hairs we have on our heads and what thoughts
go through our minds. Our wisest course is to be open AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

and honest with Him and then obey His instructions! II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
B. The reign of Jeroboam of Israel
BACKGROUND 4. The death of Jeroboam’s son (14:1-18)
Jeroboam, who had fled to Egypt to escape the a. The sickness of Jeroboam’s son
murderous intent of Solomon, came back and was (14:1-5)
given the kingship of ten tribes of Israel by God. b. The prophecy of Ahijah (14:6-16)
Because he feared losing the following of the people, (1) Against the house of
Jeroboam started his own brand of worship in defi- Jeroboam (14:6-11)
ance of God. When his son fell deathly sick, and (2) Against Jeroboam’s son
because, even in his sinful state, he had the knowl- (14:12-14)
edge that God could heal, he told his wife to disguise (3) Against Israel (14:15-16)
 c. The death of Jeroboam’s son 3. How can we keep our hearts open to God and be
(14:17-18) sure that we are listening for His directions?
5. The reign and death of Jeroboam
(14:19-20)
C. The reign of Rehoboam (14:21-31)
1. The evil of Rehoboam’s reign
(14:21-24)
2. The harassment of Shishak (14:25-28)
3. The death of Rehoboam (14:29-31)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why did Abijah’s death differ from the rest of the
descendants of Jeroboam? How does this show God’s
mercy and grace?

CONCLUSION
We can never conceal anything or any thought
from God. If we are living in obedience to Him, we
want Him involved in every area of our lives.
NOTES

2. Why do you think Rehoboam made brazen shields

to replace the ones that had been taken away by
Shishak?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 15:1-34

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS was the son of Rehoboam’s favorite wife Maachah

(2 Chronicles 11:18-22). Abijam was not godly, but
“And he brought in the things which his father the Lord supported him because he was a descendant
had dedicated, and the things which himself had of David. Abijam continued the war that had persisted
dedicated, into the house of the Lord, silver, and between Rehoboam and Jeroboam and he defeated the
gold, and vessels.” (1 Kings 15:15) army of Israel and recovered some of Judah’s lost ter-
ritory. Abijam reigned for only three years.
When I graduated from college and got a job, I Asa became king after his father, Abijam, died.
felt like I went from rags to riches. As a student, I had During Asa’s reign, he purged the land of idolatry and
lived meagerly, counted every penny, drove a junky sodomy and encouraged the people of Judah to seek
old car, looked for ways to get free meals, recycled the Lord. He even removed his grandmother from be-
pop cans for extra change — you name it! Then, I got ing queen because of her idolatry. In the fifteenth year
hired into a good position with a solid, dependable of his reign, Asa called for a great assembly to gather
salary. In a week, I went from having nothing to get- at Jerusalem to renew their covenant with the Lord
ting a regular income! and rededicate the sacrificial altar.
Not long after getting hired, I purchased a new In the last part of Asa’s reign, he entered into
car. It was brand new, beautiful, and ran smoothly. A war with Baasha, the king of Israel. Instead of trusting
few months later, I was looking into buying a condo. God as before, he resorted to politics and gave
My wardrobe began to improve, and I did not have to the dedicated treasures to the pagan nation of Syria
check my purse every time I wanted to eat out after in order to form an alliance. Asa became a king whose
church. It seemed I suddenly had many treasures. heart was divided between godly wisdom and earthly
With the increase of wealth, I felt a deep desire wisdom. In the thirty-ninth year of his reign, the Lord
to bring every treasure into the house of the Lord and afflicted Asa’s feet with disease. Two years later, he
lay it before Him. Dedicating my treasures to Him died and the throne was given to his son, Jehoshaphat.
had been easier when I had nothing to give, but as the In Israel, Jeroboam reigned for twenty-two years
material blessings flowed into my life, I realized that, as an evil king. Then Nadab became king and fol-
more than ever, I needed to consecrate them to God. lowed in the evil ways of his father. After ruling for
When Asa became king, he did right before God. only two years, Nadab was assassinated by Baasha,
It may have been astounding to him to be blessed with who became king. At this time, Jeroboam’s line was
wealth that he inherited as king, but he brought the wiped out, as had been prophesied (see I Kings 14:10-
treasures before the Lord and dedicated them to Him. 16). Just as kings Jeroboam and Nadab had done be-
Later, however, he used those dedicated treasures to fore him, Baasha continued with evil leadership.
form an alliance with an ungodly nation.
What treasures do you have in your life? Perhaps AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

you have been blessed financially or with talents that II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
God has given you. Have you dedicated these things D. The reign of Abijam (15:1-8)
to God? Maybe you dedicated them years ago, but E. The reign of Asa (15:9-24)
have since taken them back. Give them completely 1. The devotion of Asa to the Lord
to God! The spiritual blessing that comes from dedi- (15:9-15)
cating our treasures is of far greater value than any 2. The war of Asa with Baasha (15:16-22)
worldly treasures. 3. The death of Asa (15:23-24)
F. The reign of Nadab of Israel (15:25-31)
BACKGROUND
G. The reign of Baasha of Israel
The Northern Kingdom, Israel, went through nine 1. The evil of Baasha’s reign (15:32-34)
dynasties in 250 years, while the Southern Kingdom,
Judah, was led by David’s dynasty for over 350 years. A CLOSER LOOK
Although the kings of Judah often had many faults, 1. At the beginning of Asa’s reign, in what ways did
the kingdom represented the one true God and contin- he show he had a heart like his forefather David?
ued kings in David’s line.
Abijam was also called Abijah (see 2 Chronicles
13). Abijam was not Rehoboam’s oldest son; he
2. Asa cleansed the nation of idolatry except for the CONCLUSION
high places. What do you think this says about Asa? Let us remember that any treasures we have re-
ally belong to God. We need to hold them with a loose
hand and use them for God’s glory.
NOTES

3. With what kind of treasures has God blessed your

life? How can you give them to God?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 16:1-34

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS and the beginning of the fourth dynasty (Omri and his
son, Ahab). Much upheaval took place in Israel dur-
“Now the rest of the acts of Baasha, and what he ing that time. The idolatry started by Jeroboam in the
did, and his might, are they not written in the name of God quickly turned into pagan worship of
book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?” other gods (Baal) by the time of Ahab’s reign.
(1 Kings 16:5) Baasha did not learn from Jeroboam and the
judgment God placed upon him. For twenty-four
Not long ago, I was summoned for jury service. years, Baasha led Israel in the same sins, and further-
The rules were quite simple: every week for three more, he destroyed Jeroboam’s family. In the seven
months, I would have to call a specific telephone days that Zimri reigned, he managed to exterminate
number and see if my juror number had been select- all Baasha’s male descendants, his kinfolks, and his
ed. If it was, the recording would tell me when and friends, fulfilling the prophet Jehu’s words.
where to report for the trial. Omri was the king for twelve years, but for ap-
The first week I called and listened intently to see proximately five of those years, his reign was disput-
if my number had been selected. Numbers went by ed by Tibni. He purchased a three-hundred-foot hill
and finally the closing message was given. I had not and built Samaria. Its hilltop position made it easily
been selected. A few weeks went by and still nothing. defendable. Also, it was located near an important
Then it happened. As juror number 34, I was required trade route.
to report for trial in the courthouse. Jezebel was a Phoenician (Zidonian) princess.
The whole procedure was really quite interest- Due to her influence, Ahab built an altar and a temple
ing. In addition to the six jurors (of which I was one), for Baal. The word grove in verse 33 means an idol
there was a judge, the defendant, two attorneys (pros- (see “Pagan Gods” supplement). Ahab was the most
ecuting and defending), a bailiff, a clerk, and a court wicked king of Israel — what a distinction!
recorder. I sat and listened while the attorneys stated Ahab himself may have encouraged Hiel, the Be-
their cases, called witnesses, and gave arguments. In thelite, to repair and fortify Jericho (verse 34). How-
the course of the trial, one attorney said something ever, the curse of Joshua (recorded in Joshua 6:26)
that apparently was not appropriate, and the oppos- was fulfilled, and two of Hiel’s sons died by divine
ing attorney stood and objected. The judge discussed judgment.
this with both attorneys and ruled that the offending
remark must be struck from the record. You see, ev- AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

erything that was said in that room was recorded and II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
kept as a chronicle or history of the trial. The only G. The reign of Baasha of Israel
way it could be removed was by order of the judge. 2. The word of Jehu against Baasha
Like the court case described above, our words (16:1-4)
and actions are being recorded each day. All of the 3. The death of Baasha (16:5-7)
sins in our lives have been recorded. It is our legacy, H. The reign of Elah of Israel (16:8-14)
unless we put our lives into the hands of Jesus. When, I. The reign of Zimri of Israel (16:15-20)
with a repentant heart, we ask Him to forgive us, He J. The reign of Omri of Israel (16:21-28)
strikes our sins from the record. K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
The thought expressed in the focus verse is found 1. The character of Ahab’s reign
repeatedly throughout 1 and 2 Kings. The actions of (16:29-34)
each king were chronicled for posterity. So are ours!
Let us look for the opportunities to leave a legacy A CLOSER LOOK
worth remembering, by following the will of God. 1. What reason did the prophet give Baasha for God’s
BACKGROUND judgment upon him? What was that judgment?

1 Kings 16 centers on the kings of Israel. It in-

cludes the history of five different kings and spans
only fifteen to twenty-five years. It records the fall
of the second dynasty of Israel (Baasha and his son,
Elah), the rise and fall of the third dynasty (Zimri),
2. Why did Israel go through so many kings during CONCLUSION
this time?
Israel had a long line of evil kings, and their ac-
tions are recorded for us to read and to learn from. Let
us purpose in our hearts to follow the Lord and walk
in His paths, that our life stories would bring honor to
His name.
NOTES

3. While many people today do not worship wooden

images or make temples for their gods, what do they
worship?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 17:1-24

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS The kings in this time were wicked, leading the
people in worshiping the heathen gods, and the priests
“And the word of the Lord came unto him, saying, they appointed were corrupt and ineffective. Because
Arise, get thee to Zarephath, which belongeth to of this, God called His prophets to try to rescue Israel
Zidon, and dwell there: behold, I have commanded from its moral and spiritual decline.
a widow woman there to sustain thee.” The people who worshiped Baal believed he was
(1 Kings 17:8-9) god over the rains and bountiful harvests. Elijah went
to Baal-worshiping King Ahab and announced that
Our pastor and his wife are very adventuresome. the rains would cease for “these years.” King Ahab
One evening soon after they moved to our town, they had built up a strong military, but there was no de-
set out on an excursion and failed to return home in fense against the drought. He ordered his Baal priests
time for a planned birthday celebration. This caused to bring the rains back, but to no avail. This extended
their four teenaged children to become somewhat drought, announced by Elijah, a prophet of God, was
stressed. When late evening arrived and their parents intended to make it clear to the people that Baal was
still had not returned or phoned, the children called not a true god at all. (See “Pagan Gods” supplement.)
people in our small church family to pray. By mid- At the brook Cherith, Elijah had safety and suste-
night there was still no word, and concern had deep- nance. Ravens were considered “unclean” and “detest-
ened, to say the least. able” and were on the Mosaic list of forbidden foods
It turned out the couple had taken a drive into the (Leviticus 11:13-15; Deuteronomy 14:14). However,
mountains. When it began to get late, they decided God used them to transport food to Elijah while he
to turn back. In the process of turning the car around, was in hiding. The prophet had a steady source of
they ran into a snowdrift and got stuck. They did not water in the brook until it dried up. Even then, Elijah
think they had traveled very far, so they decided to waited on God to tell him where to go. Scholars be-
head back toward the highway on foot and attempt lieve Elijah remained at Cherith for one year.
to get a ride home. However, as they were walking, Verses 17-24 record the first instance in Scripture
they realized they had indeed driven very far. When of the resurrection of a dead person.
our pastor’s wife (who was wearing high heels) could
walk no farther, they decided to sit down beside a tree AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

and try to stay warm until morning. Just then, our pas- II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
tor spotted a light ahead — it was a house! The two K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
stumbled to the porch and knocked on the door. 2. The ministry of Elijah against Ahab’s
An elderly woman, whose husband was in the Baal worship
hospital, answered the door. She had been unable to a. The background for Mt. Carmel
sleep, so she was making a cup of tea when she heard (1) Elijah’s prediction of drought
their knock. The woman wrapped our pastor’s wife in (17:1)
warm blankets and gave the two of them cups of hot (2) Elijah’s provisions during the
tea and toast, and she offered her home for the night. drought (17:2-24)
When we heard this wonderful story, we had no (a) At the brook Cherith
doubt that God had prepared that woman for our pas- (17:2-7)
tor and his wife, just as surely as He had prepared (b) At Zarephath (17:8-24)
the widow woman who sustained Elijah in our focus [1] Provision from the
verse. God knows our needs before we do, and He widow (17:8-16)
prepares ahead for His children, even before we pray! [2] Restoration of the
BACKGROUND widow’s son
(17:17-24)
Israel, the Northern Kingdom, had no faithful
kings throughout its history. Elijah the Tishbite was A CLOSER LOOK
one of the first in a long line of important prophets 1. How often did the ravens bring food to Elijah?
sent to Israel and Judah. Elijah’s name means “The
Lord (Jehovah) is my God,” which is fitting for a man
who called the people back to the worship of Jehovah.
2. What do you suppose the widow woman thought as CONCLUSION
she went to make the cake for Elijah?
Just as surely as God prepared that widow woman
who sustained Elijah in our focus verse, God knows
our needs before we do, and He will prepare ahead
for us.

NOTES

3. Even though God’s command to go to the widow

did not make sense, Elijah went and was provided
for. What lessons can you learn from this in your own
life?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 18:1-46

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS feed one hundred godly prophets when Jezebel tried to
wipe them out.
“And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, When Ahab and Obadiah were combing the land
How long halt ye between two opinions? if the Lord for food for the animals that were used by the military,
be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. Elijah approached Obadiah with a message for Ahab.
And the people answered him not a word.” Obadiah’s reluctance to carry Elijah’s message is un-
(1 Kings 18:21) derstandable, since Ahab had searched internationally
for Elijah for some time.
Life is full of choices, and some of them are life- There is a significant contrast between Obadiah’s
defining. A man in our church testifies, “Bad habits greeting when he met Elijah, and the greeting that
bound me. I smoked four or five packs of cigarettes Ahab gave later. Obadiah “fell on his face, and said,
a day. Bitterness, blasphemy, and hatred were in my Art thou that my lord Elijah?” Ahab said, “Art thou he
heart. During World War II, I spent five years on am- that troubleth Israel?”
munition ships and tankers, serving among men who Baal was a Phoenician god of fertility. His wor-
did not care anything about life. shipers believed that he sent rain and abundant crops.
“One day as I stood alone by the ship’s rail, the His worship included extremely immoral practices.
misery in my heart overwhelmed me. I did not want to In addition to representatives from the tribes of Israel,
live any longer. As I looked into those murky waves, 450 prophets of Baal, and 400 “prophets of the groves”
I said to myself, ‘I’m going to end it all. I will jump were called to this contest (see “Pagan Gods” supple-
overboard.’ The devil told me, ‘Jump! Nobody will ment). The prophets of the groves were prophets of the
ever miss you!’ But in that moment, Jesus spoke to my Canaanite goddess Asherah (or Astarte), but apparently
heart. He said, ‘If you jump, what will the end be?’ they did not attend the confrontation. (See verses 22,
I knew that Voice came from Heaven, and I did not 26, 40.) Because Mount Carmel was near the border
jump.” between Phoenicia and Israel, the location would have
This man’s decision was one that had extreme con- seemed to be an advantage to Baal.
sequences. Happily, he made the right choice, and later Elijah challenged the people, “How long halt ye
he prayed and was born again. The decisions we face between two opinions?” Many Israelites knew who the
today may not be life or death issues, but we are still true God was. However, idolatrous worship brought
called upon to make them. As we review the options, sinful pleasure, which they may have been reticent to
it may be readily apparent what choice is best to make. give up.
At other times, the best option may not be so clear. The prophets of Baal had every advantage — the
In our focus verse, Israel was called upon to choice of sacrifice, the opportunity to go first, and
choose between two options. Elijah challenged them, plenty of time. Fanatical and frenzied, they tried to get
as a nation, to come to a decision. Would they continue their god to perform a miracle for them. When they
serving Baal, or would “the Lord be God”? had exhausted themselves with vain praying, Elijah
In our spiritual lives, we are confronted with the called the people near to watch while he repaired the
decision of whom we will serve. We have two choic altar. No doubt Elijah wanted them to know for them-
-es — the God of salvation, or Satan, the enemy of our selves that there was no sleight-of-hand involved.
souls. Our personal decisions will determine our eter- The twelve stones symbolized the twelve tribes, even
nal destination. though Israel was politically divided.
Through the ages, many have chosen to serve the In contrast to the advantages he had given the
Lord. In doing so, they have found Him ready and prophets of Baal, Elijah incorporated hindrances in his
willing to guide in all of life’s temporal and spiritual offering. He also sacrificed the most valuable resource
decisions. We can access His help daily by asking for in the land — water — to the God of Israel. At the Tem-
it and then standing on the promises in His Word. ple in Jerusalem, the evening sacrifice was offered at
3:00 p.m. That is when Elijah prayed his prayer. God
BACKGROUND answered by fire that consumed the sacrifice, the altar,
Obadiah is a person worthy of notice. In charge the dust, and even the water from the trench.
of wicked Ahab’s house, Obadiah “feared the Lord God had commanded in Deuteronomy 13:1-5 that
greatly.” The meaning of his name was “servant of false prophets were to be killed. Elijah was obeying
Jehovah.” He was willing to risk his life to hide and those instructions when he slew the prophets of Baal.
 Although God had promised rain (verse 1), Elijah 3. What was the reason behind the “contest” between
still had to pray earnestly before it happened. His bur- the offerings of the two different sacrifices?
den for his people was great, and the answer took more
than one short prayer. A small cloud in the distance
was proof enough for Elijah. He knew the torrents of
rain would soon follow.
Elijah ran somewhere between six and seventeen
miles, at a speed faster than a horse-drawn chariot, be-
cause the “hand of the Lord” was upon him (verse 46). 4. How can we know today that we are serving the
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch
true God?

II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel

K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
2. The ministry of Elijah against Ahab’s
Baal worship
a. The background for Mt. Carmel
(3) Elijah’s confrontation with
Ahab (18:1-19)
(a) Obadiah’s mission from
Ahab (18:1-6)
(b) Obadiah’s mission to
Ahab (18:7-15)
(c) Elijah’s second meeting CONCLUSION
with Ahab (18:16-19)
b. The events on Mt. Carmel God’s blessing will be upon us as we choose to
(18:20-46) make decisions based on His Word and His will for us
(1) Elijah’s challenge (18:20-24) as individuals.
(2) Baal’s failure (18:25-29)
NOTES
(3) Jehovah’s manifestation
(18:30-40)
(4) The cessation of the drought
(18:41-46)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What would you consider an outstanding attribute
of Elijah?

2. Who troubled Israel?

 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 19:1-21

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS the land. One might expect him to have been on the
mountaintop praising the Lord. However, because of
“And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount Jezebel’s threatening message to him, Elijah ran in
before the Lord. And, behold, the Lord passed by, fear for his life. Beersheba was at the extreme south
and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, of Judah, and therefore beyond Jezebel’s reach.
and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lord; but Elijah was exhausted and discouraged as he sat
the Lord was not in the wind: and after the wind down under a juniper tree and asked the Lord to take
an earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earth- his life. Juniper trees, or “broom trees,” are desert
quake: And after the earthquake a fire; but the shrubs that flower and can grow up to twelve feet high
Lord was not in the fire: and after the fire a still and provide shade. Today, what Elijah experienced
small voice.” (1 Kings 19:11-12) might be called “emotional burnout.” He also had
some self-pity. He may have hoped that through his
The clouds were fluffy white against a backdrop ministry on Mount Carmel, the whole country, includ-
of baby blue. The sun at high noon was projecting its ing Ahab and Jezebel, would quit praying to Baal and
brilliant rays down to warm the earth. It appeared to fall to their knees in worship of the true God. When
be a day that would be filled with sunshine and per- his hopes were not realized, he may have felt like a
fect outdoor weather. I had just finished lunch with failure. However, God loved him and provided what
an older friend, and we were chatting as we got ready he needed: rest and nourishment before his journey to
to climb into my van. Suddenly a powerful wind Mount Horeb (another name for Mount Sinai), which
knocked us into each other. It came with no warning, was about two hundred miles south of Beersheba.
blasting bits of gravel, sticks, sand, and scraps of pa- When Elijah told God that “I, even I only, am
per into our unprotected faces and arms. Caught off left,” he forgot that others had helped him kill Baal’s
guard by its force, my friend and I felt momentarily prophets. The wind, fire, and earthquake were dra-
powerless. The flying particles whirled through the matic events for someone to experience, especially
open doors of my van, dusting the carpets and seats while alone. Still there was not a message for Elijah
with grit. My elderly friend shuddered in disbelief. from the Lord in these things. Finally, the “still small
However, as quickly as it came, the wind swept up voice,” a gentle call, caused Elijah to move out to the
and away. entrance of the cave, for he recognized God’s Voice.
In thinking back on this experience, I understand After Elijah listened, he made a fresh start at obeying
a little about how Elijah must have felt when God God and following His leading.
showed him the powers of nature. How often, when Elijah finally realized there were still tasks for
viewing nature’s wondrous displays of power, do we him to do and that God would be with him to help him
think of God as being in them? As we see from the do them. God instructed him to anoint three men, and
verses mentioned, God was not in the powerful dis- said that these men would bring punishment to Israel.
plays Elijah witnessed. The Lord came after nature As king of Syria, Hazael would fight against Israel,
had spent its fury. He came quietly in a still small Jehu would nearly destroy Baal worship in the north-
Voice. ern kingdom (2 Kings 10:18-31), and Elisha would
To hear God speak, we may need to get away succeed Elijah.
from the “roars” of life — the earthquakes that rattle Elisha’s family must have been well off financial-
below us, the tornadoes that toss us about like feath- ly, since he had twenty-four costly animals.
ers, and the mountains that explode into thunderous A mantle was a coat and an extremely important
smoke. Perhaps we need to find a secluded spot or al- piece of clothing. People used mantles for protection
tar — a place away from the chaos and cares we daily in bad weather, to sit on, to sleep on, to carry items, or
encounter — where we can listen to the quiet Voice to secure a debt. Elisha knew that Elijah’s action was
of the Lord. As we silently wait there before Him, we symbolic, and he answered the call.
will hear His still small Voice speaking to our hearts
and filling our souls with His peace. AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel

BACKGROUND K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
Elijah had just experienced two glorious victories 2. The ministry of Elijah against Ahab’s
on Mount Carmel — fire on the sacrifice and rain upon Baal worship
 c. The flight after Mt. Carmel 3. What should we do if we become discouraged or
(19:1-21) feel like a failure?
(1) Elijah’s flight from Jezebel
(19:1-8)
(2) Elijah’s arrival at Horeb
(19:9-18)
(a) The despondency of
Elijah (19:9-14)
(b) The instructions for
Elijah (19:15-18)
(3) Elijah’s anointing of Elisha
(19:19-21)

A CLOSER LOOK
1. Why did Elijah run, when for the past three years, CONCLUSION
he had done nothing without listening to and obeying No matter how alone we feel or how much of a
the Lord’s instructions? failure we think we are, God can use us if we listen
and obey.
NOTES

2. In what verse of our text does God assure Elijah

that his work and ministry was not a failure and that
there were still those who were faithful to God in
Israel because of his faithfulness?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 20:1-43

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS defending Himself! God’s power will be fully re-

vealed some day, and then those who doubted His ex-
“And there came a man of God, and spake unto istence or denied His Word will realize how tragically
the king of Israel, and said, Thus saith the Lord, wrong they were. What an assurance is ours!
Because the Syrians have said, The Lord is God of
BACKGROUND
the hills, but he is not God of the valleys, therefore
will I deliver all this great multitude into thine Having had two evil and two good kings, Judah
hand, and ye shall know that I am the Lord.” wavered between following God and turning idola-
(1 Kings 20:28) trous. The northern kingdom of Israel, however, had
eight wicked kings in succession.To punish both king-
One night, not long after starting work on a new doms for departing from Him, God allowed other na-
shift, I began conversing with a co-worker who ap- tions to gain strength and fight against them. Three
peared to be knowledgeable about nearly everything. main enemies threatened Israel and Judah during the
He was able to explain many topics with ease. The next two centuries: Syria, Assyria, and Babylon. In
things we talked about were fascinating, and I was today’s text, Syria, the first to rise to power, was the
amazed by what I was learning. immediate threat to Ahab and Israel.
Soon our discussion worked its way around to The land of Israel had just been through a time of
religion and God’s Word. He began to tell me how drought and was in a weakened state. Benhadad, King
he had spent a year studying the Bible in a cottage of Syria, decided to take advantage of this and secure
out in the woods somewhere — just him, nature, and Israel as his kingdom. His demands in verse 3 may in-
the Bible. He was very confident in his ability to ex- dicate that Israel was already somewhat subservient to
pound upon the Scriptures and their meaning. Then it Syria when the events in this chapter occur.
happened — he told me that he did not believe in the Opinions differ as to whether the Benhadad in this
Trinity or any of the writings of Paul the Apostle. He chapter is the Benhadad in 1 Kings 15. There were
proceeded to give me many “solid” reasons why he three Syrian kings with this name. This Benhadad is
thought these portions of the Bible were wrong. believed by most commentators to be the second.
While my co-worker was quite confident about A prophet came to Ahab, king of Israel, with im-
what he was saying, he was evidencing the fact that portant news about how to handle the Syrian army.
he had no real understanding of the things of God. When Ahab followed the instructions from the Lord,
Similarly, the Syrians in today’s text thought they had the Syrians were delivered into the hands of Ahab and
it all figured out. They were confident that they had the Israelites.
the numbers, the strategy, and the skill to utterly de- Ahab appears to have been affected by the out-
feat the Israelites, and made a judgment call that the come of Elijah’s “God contest” (1 Kings 18), because
Israelites’ God could work in the hills but not in the he began to make good decisions about following the
valleys. They supposed that victory would be theirs if Lord’s commands. Twice, he did what the prophets
they just moved the place of battle. How wrong they told him and the Lord won the victories for them.
were! God was about to demonstrate in a most vivid Then, true to his history, he made a very poor decision
way that He was not restricted to the hills as the Syr- and let Benhadad go, contrary to God’s will. Ahab fol-
ians had surmised. The wisdom of the Syrians came to lowed his pride and greed instead of the Lord.
naught, and the Lord proved His arm strong on behalf Since the time of Joshua, Israel’s soldiers had
of His children. The sovereign God of all creation was proved to be superior fighters in the hills, but ineffec-
fighting for Israel! tive in the plains because they did not use chariots in
Every day our world finds new reasons why our battle. Horse-drawn chariots, which were useless in
faith is outdated, ineffective, or irrelevant, offering hilly territory, could easily overtake great numbers of
new ideas that challenge the very foundation on which foot soldiers on level ground. What Benhadad’s sol-
we stand. Sometimes it is hard not to get angry over diers did not understand was that it was God, not the
the blatant irreverence for God’s Word, or confused chariots, that made the difference in the battle.
by the “eloquence” that is used. However, we can rest
in the fact that God is the source of all knowledge
AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

and wisdom. Ultimately, we don’t have to defend II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
Him. The Creator of the universe is quite capable of K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
 3. The conflict between Ahab and 3. How can you make sure that your “defense” is
Benhadad (20:1-43) secure?
a. Benhadad’s attack of Samaria
(20:1-21)
(1) Benhadad’s demands (20:1-6)
(2) Ahab’s refusal of the demands
(20:7-12)
(3) A prophet’s promise of
deliverance (20:13-15)
(4) Ahab’s rout of the Syrians
(20:16-21)
b. Benhadad’s defeat at Aphek
(20:22-43)
(1) The prophet’s prediction of
Benhadad’s return (20:22-25) CONCLUSION
(2) Ahab’s victory at Aphek We serve an almighty, invincible, and eternal
(20:26-30) God. Someday those who deny His Word or His pow-
(3) Ahab’s release of Benhadad er will realize the truth about Him!
(20:31-34)
(4) Ahab’s actions condemned NOTES
(20:35-43)
A CLOSER LOOK
1. What did Benhadad pledge to Ahab when Ahab
refused to give him Israel?

2. If Ahab had killed Benhadad, what do you think

would have been the future of Israel?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 21:1-29

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS was to be stoned (Leviticus 24:16), and two witnesses

were required (Deuteronomy 17:6). Jezebel directed
“And Ahab came into his house heavy and dis- that “sons of Belial,” meaning “worthless men,” were
pleased because of the word which Naboth the to falsely witness against Naboth.
Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I It is terrible to be lied about publicly, especially to
will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. the extent that people believe the lie and turn against
And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned the one who is lied about. Naboth not only was lied
away his face, and would eat no bread.” about, but this was carried to the extreme when he
(1 Kings 21:4) was publicly executed! His sons were also killed, so
there was no family to inherit the property (2 Kings
My two-year-old granddaughter is a typically 9:26). In some cases, God allows evil to triumph, as
happy, enthusiastic child — most of the time. Oc- He did here. Today in some areas of the world in-
casionally, however, when things are not going her nocent Christians are being severely persecuted for
way, she can become extremely pouty. At such times, things of which they clearly are not guilty.
jokes about watching out for her lower lip so she Verse 17 says, “The word of the Lord came to
doesn’t trip over it, do not seem so far-fetched. At age Elijah.” The previous reference to Elijah was when
two, this is not extremely unusual, and with a loving, he anointed Elisha. Here God used him to pronounce
Christ-centered upbringing, she will no doubt outgrow judgment on Ahab and Jezebel.
this particular phase in due time. Elijah prophesied that the dogs would lick up
Childish pouting by an adult is not so funny. In Ahab’s blood, just as they had licked up Naboth’s
King Ahab’s case, he behaved much like a child, blood. This prophecy was fulfilled in 1 Kings 22:38.
climbing into bed without supper and facing toward The prophecy regarding the death of Jezebel and also
the wall — all because Naboth would not sell him his their sons was fulfilled by Jehu (2 Kings 9-10).
vineyard. Ahab’s pout led to Jezebel’s plot, which in Ahab took Elijah’s words to heart and humbled
turn led to the staging of a vicious false trial by local himself. As a result, God allowed him to die before
political leaders and, ultimately, to the execution of an the prophecy was fulfilled regarding his family.
innocent man.
We must understand very clearly that pouting, and AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

the selfish attitudes that promote it, have no part in II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
a Christian’s life. If you are tempted to react in such K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
a way, immediately pray for strength to reject such 4. The desire for Naboth’s vineyard
behavior, and do not allow it any place in your life. (21:1-29)
It can cause a separation between even the best of a. Naboth’s refusal (21:1-4)
friends, and also between brothers and sisters in the b. Naboth’s murder (21:5-16)
Gospel. (1) Jezebel’s plot against Naboth
More dangerous yet, pouting can prevent us from (21:5-10)
hearing the still small Voice of our Savior. When situ- (2) Jezebel’s murder of Naboth
ations do not seem to be going our way, we need to (21:11-16)
remind ourselves that God allows everything that c. Elijah’s condemnation of Ahab
comes into our lives, and He has some plan for how it and Jezebel (21:17-26)
will work for our good. This will help us be thankful d. Ahab’s repentance (21:27-29)
no matter what the circumstances are around us.
A CLOSER LOOK
BACKGROUND 1. Who was guilty in the mock trial and execution of
Naboth’s refusal to sell his inheritance was in Naboth?
obedience to the Law (Leviticus 25:23 and Numbers
27:8-11). God had told Israel that He owned the land
and they were His tenants on it.
Jezebel’s action revealed the depth of her wicked-
ness. In her country of Phoenicia, kings were sover-
eign. According to the Law, a person who blasphemed
2. Because Ahab humbled himself, God allowed him CONCLUSION
to die without seeing the judgment on his family.
In the early part of the twentieth century, Victor
What does that indicate about God?
Herbert wrote a humorous song containing the words:
“Oh, I want what I want when I want it! That’s all that
makes life worth the while.” As Christians, let us live
just the opposite of this, with a new song that goes
something like: “Lord, I want what You want when
You want it . . .” This truly will bring us the hap-
piness that the first song promises but fails to deliver.
NOTES

3. How do you think a Christian should respond if

false accusations are made against him?
 DAYBREAK
1 Kings 22:1-53

DEVOTIONAL FOCUS BACKGROUND

“And the king said unto him, How many times This is an account of Ahab’s last stand. A por-
shall I adjure thee that thou tell me nothing but tion of land that should have belonged to Israel was
that which is true in the name of the Lord?” in the hands of Syria. Ahab, the wicked king of Is-
(1 Kings 22:16) rael, asked Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, to join with
him in claiming the land. Perhaps the reason King
Walking back to my room from college classes Jehoshaphat agreed to this plan was that his son had
one day years ago, the song that popped into my heart married Ahab’s daughter. Jehoshaphat’s words, “I am
at the sight of the beautiful sunshine was “Heavenly as thou art,” were tragic considering the wickedness
Sunlight.” For a few seconds I let the song linger, of Ahab.
enjoying the melody; but then the words sank in and Ahab and Jehoshaphat inquired as to whether
I remembered that this was a song from my years of they should go to battle, and four hundred prophets
church attendance. As a stubborn unbeliever, I did not prophesied what Ahab wanted to hear. Some Bible
yet have “glory divine” flooding my soul, and I did commentators believe these may have been Jezebel’s
not choose to believe any of the words of the song. prophets for Asherah (see “Pagan Gods” supplement)
The basis of the problem was this: if I did not who had not come to the confrontation with Elijah
want to accept the bottom line that each individual on Mount Carmel, and therefore had escaped death.
will end up in one of two places, Heaven or Hell, I Only the prophet Micaiah dared to challenge the king
could not accept the rest of Christianity. However, and speak the words of the Lord, underscoring the
if Christianity was really the truth, I knew exactly fact that, usually, it is a minority who will truly fol-
which destination I was headed for. I quickly pushed low God. Ahab did not like the message, and had the
the song out of my mind, behaving like an ostrich prophet locked up in prison for delivering it.
with its head in the sand, as if my lack of belief God had given Ahab fair warning that his days
would exempt me from a lost eternity. were numbered, and Ahab understood that proph-
Though I had been carefully taught about God ecy. However, he chose to turn his back on the truth
and how to live, for many years a rebellious streak and follow the advice of his four hundred prophets.
kept me from turning my life over to God’s control. I It did not matter how, or even whether, Ahab dis-
thought a Christian’s lifestyle was too restricted. My guised himself. It was God’s ordained time for him to
life was not really wild because, although I wanted die, and although he was in disguise, an arrow “at a
control of every aspect of my life, I was not comfort- venture”(at random) found its mark through a gap in
able with worldly lifestyles. However, God in His Ahab’s armor — a clear indication that God designs
faithfulness continued to call after me — this time even the minute details of every life.
through a song — in spite of my personal ideas. Amazingly, Jehoshaphat also ignored Micaiah’s
I guess it did not occur to me that no matter what warning. Had not God been in control, Jehoshaphat
I thought, God requires submission to Christ and for- could have easily lost his life.
giveness through His Blood. Refusing His gift brings At the beginning of 1 Kings, David ruled the
eternal punishment. Even though I was choosing to strong and united nation of Israel. David’s devotion
deny the existence of God, His Word is supreme; re- to God was the benchmark for other kings. By the
gardless of my insignificant thoughts, God’s truth is end of 1 Kings, the nation was divided, and Ahab,
immutable, and His requirements are absolute. Israel’s most wicked king, had died.
Similarly, Ahab sought to disregard the truth and
hear only pleasant words from his prophets. In his AMPLIFIED OUTLINE Hannah’s Bible Outlines
Used by permission per WORDsearch

desire to acquire Ramoth-gilead, he did not welcome II. The reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel
the prophecies of Micaiah, “For he doth not prophesy K. The reign of Ahab of Israel
good concerning me, but evil.” No matter what he 5. Ahab and Jehoshaphat’s confederacy
chose to believe, God would determine the outcome against Ramoth-gilead (22:1-40)
of the battle. a. Ahab’s desire to capture
We should not ask God to bless our plans. Rather, Ramoth-gilead (22:1-4)
we ought to tell God that we are willing and available b. Jehoshaphat’s search for divine
to be used in His plans. approval (22:5-28)
 (1) The word of the false 3. In your life, how can you be sure that you are fol-
prophets (22:5-12) lowing the truth?
(2) The word of Micaiah
(22:13-28)
(a) His negative report
(22:13-23)
(b) His imprisonment
(22:24-28)
c. Ahab’s defeat at Ramoth-gilead
(22:29-36)
d. Ahab’s death (22:37-40)
L. The reign of Jehoshaphat (22:41-50)
M. The reign of Ahaziah of Israel (22:51-53)
A CLOSER LOOK
CONCLUSION
1. How did King Ahab try to circumvent Micaiah’s
God’s Word is sovereign. When He decrees, there
prophecy?
is no debate: one ballot, no recount.
NOTES

2. What dangers did Jehoshaphat face for his poor

choice in joining Ahab?
Pagan Gods

BAAL ASHTORETH
Baal (Baalim in the plural) was a widely- Elijah requested that 400 “prophets of the
worshiped pagan god of fertility. He was the prin- groves” attend the showdown recorded in 1 Kings
cipal male god of the Phoenicians chapter 18. These individuals led the Israelites’ wor-
and Canaanites. The wicked ship of the pagan goddess Ashtoreth (Ashtaroth or
King Ahab and his wife Jeze- Astaroth in the plural). The Greek form of her name
bel promoted Baal worship is Astarte. The Hebrew name, Asherah (Asherim
in Israel. The Book of Hosea in the plural), referenced both the deity and the idols
describes the conflict between used in her worship. The King James Version of the
worship of the true God and Bible translated this simply “groves.”
this false god. Ashtoreth was widely considered a goddess of
Baal worshipers believed he love (fertility) and war, and also identified by some
had power over wind, rain, and worshipers as a “moon goddess,” the “goddess of
clouds. When crops were abun- the morning and evening star,” or the “goddess of
dant, they worshiped him as the the sea.” Her common names included, “Queen of
sun-god to give thanks. In times of drought, storms, Heaven,” “Mistress of Heaven,” “Lady of Heaven,”
or other crop devastation, they worshiped him as and “Lady Asherah of the Sea.”
the storm-god to appease his wrath. The fact that his Ashtoreth was often con-
prophets could not end the three-year drought Elijah nected closely to Baal;
had proclaimed proved his lack of power, and the many myths said
supremacy of the God of Israel. she was his wife or
Baal worship involved extremely immoral mistress. Another
practices including illicit sex and human sacrifice, tradition called her
usually by burning a worshiper’s firstborn alive. “the mother god-
Baal is also identified with dess,” saying that
Molech, another pagan de- she had 70 children
ity and/or wicked sacrifice and that Baal was one
ritual such as temple pros- of them. The Mesopo-
titution or human sacrifice, tamian version of this
often involving children. goddess was called
Various locations Ishtar (or Ashtar) and
also had local Baalim. they said Tammuz,
For example, god of vegetation,
Baal-peor was was her husband (Ezekiel
a Moabite god, 8:14). The Moabites called
named so be- her the spouse of Chemosh,
cause his ob- their national god. Later,
scene rites were Ashtoreth was identified with the Greek goddess
performed at Aphrodite and the Roman Venus.
Mount Peor. An idol of Ashtoreth was possibly the stem of
Sometimes a tree without branches shaped into an image and
compound planted in the ground (Deuteronomy 16:21) or a
forms of the word were used to name locations similar looking object carved out of wood, silver, or
where he was worshiped, such as Baal-gad and stone. Ashtoreth worship glorified sex and war and
Baal-hermon. included temple prostitution.

DELIBERATE MISSPELLINGS
Scholars suggest that some of the variety in translation and resulting ambiguity in the names of these pa-
gan gods comes from deliberate mispronunciations and misspellings. Biblical writers expressed contempt for
pagan gods in this way. For example, the word Molech is a combination of the Hebrew words for “ruler” and
“shame.” Despite various titles, it is clear that all of these terms (Baal, Molech, Ashtoreth, Astarte, Ishtar,
etc.) are used to reference the pagan worship detested by the God of Israel.