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Understanding Thromboembolism Risks

Thromboembolism occurs when a blood clot forms in a blood vessel and remains stagnant. It is commonly seen in the lower leg, thigh, and pelvis. Three main risk factors that can lead to thromboembolism are venous stasis, activation of blood coagulation, and vein damage. Treatments include anticoagulation therapies, pharmacologic thrombolysis, compression stockings, and removing the thrombus.

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91 views1 page

Understanding Thromboembolism Risks

Thromboembolism occurs when a blood clot forms in a blood vessel and remains stagnant. It is commonly seen in the lower leg, thigh, and pelvis. Three main risk factors that can lead to thromboembolism are venous stasis, activation of blood coagulation, and vein damage. Treatments include anticoagulation therapies, pharmacologic thrombolysis, compression stockings, and removing the thrombus.

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Pathophysiology

 Thromboembolism occurs when a thrombus, or blood


clot, forms and remains stagnant inside a blood vessel.
 Commonly seen in the lower leg, thigh, and pelvis, but
can occur anywhere in the body.
 TE is a preventable condition.
 CDC, 2020

Risk Factors & Prevention


 Three primary factors include venous stasis, activation
of blood coagulation, and vein damage. Clinical Manifestation
o Known as the Virchow triad  Edema
 Hospitalization and surgery  Erythema/discoloration
o 50% of blood clots  Warmth
 Immobility, old age, increased BMI, family history of TE,  Pain
recent or recurrent cancer, pregnancy, estrogen-based  Tenderness
medications (hormonal birth control or hormone  Calf pain on dorsiflexion (Homan’s sign)
replacement therapy)  Palpable venous segment in the extremity
 Injury and trauma Thromboembolism  Can be asymptomatic
 CDC, 2020  Patel & Chun, 2019
 CDC, 2019

Evaluation & Treatment


 Laboratory tests that are relevant to TE are high-
sensitivity D-timer testing and coagulation studies.
o Prothrombin time and activated partial Integrative Therapy
thromboplastin time  INP #3: Nature has healing and restorative properties
 Duplex and doppler ultrasounds are the primary that contribute to health and wellbeing (2019).
diagnostic imaging tests for TE.  Frequent ambulation outdoors
 Treatments for TE include anticoagulation therapies  Improved blood flow prevents production of thrombus.
(ex. Heparin and warfarin), pharmacologic  Spending time in nature can provide calming and
thrombolysis, compression and anti-embolism relaxing effects.
stockings, mechanical thrombectomy, thrombus
 Kreitzer & Koithan, 2019
removal (recommended for iliofemoral vein
 Patel & Chun, 2019
thrombosis), angioplasty, stenting of venous
obstructions, and inferior vena cava filters.
 Patel & Chun, 2019

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