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Assignment 1

This document contains 3 assignments for a computer aided design course. The assignments involve simulating circuits using LTSpice software and analyzing the results. Assignment 1 involves simulating a circuit with a voltage-controlled current source and comparing simulation outputs to theoretical calculations. Assignment 2 simulates the behavior of a step input on an RC integrator circuit. Assignment 3 simulates a series RLC resonance circuit and calculates its resonant frequency.

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ilkay KOZAK
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views

Assignment 1

This document contains 3 assignments for a computer aided design course. The assignments involve simulating circuits using LTSpice software and analyzing the results. Assignment 1 involves simulating a circuit with a voltage-controlled current source and comparing simulation outputs to theoretical calculations. Assignment 2 simulates the behavior of a step input on an RC integrator circuit. Assignment 3 simulates a series RLC resonance circuit and calculates its resonant frequency.

Uploaded by

ilkay KOZAK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Aided Design of

Electronic Circuits
EEE5011

Assignment #1

ilkay KOZAK
2021900411

November 3, 2022
PROJECT 1: Consider the problems of the textbook [1] perform LTPSICE
simulations of 1-2-e, 1-10 and 1-22.[1]
REPORT FORMAT: Statement of the assignment, Background (theo-
retical analysis and design details), LTSPICE schematic, LTSPICE netlist,
LTSPICE simulation result, Comparison of the simulation results and the
theoretical analysis.
Submit your report as PDF file via DEU SAKAI
The circuit shown in Fig. 1 compute the corresponding node voltages and
branch currents indicated using Spice. [1]

Figure 1: Example 1.2 (a)

1
Project 1:Assignment-1A In this circuit there is a voltage dependent
current source. In the theory of electrical networks, a dependent source is
a voltage source or a current source whose value depends on a voltage or
current elsewhere in the network.
There is also a voltage source of 5mV that supplies trough 1kΩ resistor.
There is a voltage-controlled current source (G1). R1 and R2 are parallel
and equivalent resistor is 500kΩ . Also R3 and R4 are in series and they are
connected to (R1 || R2 ) in parallel. R1 and R2 are too high, we can ignore
them at the beginning. So current flows In are calculated from R7, R3 and
R3
R4. R7+R4+R3 is voltage that controls G1 current with division of -10. It
produces a negative voltage on R5 which is our Vout output. Value is around
-449 mV , which also depends on our supply voltage.[3]

Figure 2: LTSpice Netlist of Figure 1

Figure 3: LTSpice Schematic of Figure 1

Background:
In this circuit there is a voltage dependent current source. In the theory
of electrical networks, a dependent source is a voltage source or a current

2
Figure 4: LTSpice Plot Output of Figure 1

source whose value depends on a voltage or current elsewhere in the network.

3
Project 1:Assignment-1B
For the first-order RC circuit shown in Fig. P1.10, simulate the behavior of
this circuit with Spice subject to a 0 to 1 V step input having a rise time
of no more than 10 ns. Plot the voltage waveform that appears across the
1 k-ohm resistor and the 1 uF capacitor. Verify that the voltage across the
capacitor changes by 63% of its final value in a time of one time constant.
Background:
This circuit is an RC integrator. For a passive RC integrator circuit, the in-
put is connected to a resistance while the output voltage is taken from across
a capacitor being the exact opposite to the RC Differentiator Circuit. The
capacitor charges up when the input is high and discharges when the input
is low. The type and frequency of the applied input signal, the behaviour
and response of this basic RC circuit can be very different. In our example
it is a pulse from 0 to 1V in a very short time (5 nanoSecond ).
A passive RC network is a resistor in series with a capacitor, that is a fixed
resistance in series with a capacitor that has a frequency dependent reac-
tance which decreases as the frequency across its plates increases. Thus at
low frequencies the reactance, Xc of the capacitor is high while at high fre-
quencies its reactance is low due to the standard capacitive reactance formula
of Xc = 2πf1 C , and we saw this effect in Fig.8 and we call it Passive Low
Pass Filters.
For an RC integrator circuit, the input signal is applied to the resistance with
the output taken across the capacitor, then VOU T equals VC . As the capacitor
is a frequency dependent element, the amount of charge that is established
across the plates is equal to the time domain integral of the current. That
is it takes a certain amount of time for the capacitor to fully charge as the
capacitor can not charge instantaneously only charge exponentially.
dVC(t)
Therefore the capacitor charging current can be written as: IC(t) = C × dt

This basic equation above can also be expressed as the instantaneous rate
of change of charge, Q with respect to time giving us the following standard
equation of: IC = dQ dt where the charge Q = C ×VC , that is capacitance
times voltage.
The rate at which the capacitor charges (or discharges) is directly propor-
tional to the amount of the resistance and capacitance giving the time con-
stant of the circuit. Thus the time constant of a RC integrator circuit is the
time interval that equals the product of R and C.[2]
1
Rt
RC Integrator Formula is: VOU T = RC × 0 VIN (t) dt
LTSpice output is same as we expected in Fig.8.

4
Figure 5: Example P1.10

Figure 6: LTSpice Netlist of Figure 5

Figure 7: LTSpice Schematic of Figure 5

5
Figure 8: LTSpice Plot Output of Figure 5

Project 1:Assignment-1C Background:


Series Resonance Circuit Resonance occurs in a series circuit when the sup-

Figure 9: Example P1.17

ply frequency causes the voltages across L and C to be equal and opposite
in phase. A resonant circuit consists of R, L, and C elements and whose fre-
quency response characteristic changes with changes in frequency. In a series
RLC circuit there becomes a frequency point were the inductive reactance
of the inductor becomes equal in value to the capacitive reactance of the ca-
pacitor. In other words, XL = XC . The point at which this occurs is called
the Resonant Frequency point, ( fr ) of the circuit, and as we are analysing
a series RLC circuit this resonance frequency produces a Series Resonance.

6
Series Resonance circuits are one of the most important circuits used elec-
trical and electronic circuits. They can be found in various forms such as in
AC mains filters, noise filters and also in radio and television tuning circuits
producing a very selective tuning circuit for the receiving of the different
frequency channels. Consider the simple series RLC circuit in Figure 5.
where: fr is in Hertz, L is in Henries and C is in Farads.
Electrical resonance occurs in an AC circuit when the effects of the two
reactances, which are opposite and equal, cancel each other out as XL =
XC . The point on the above graph at which this happens is were the two
reactance curves cross each other.
In a series resonant circuit, the resonant frequency, fr point can be calculated
as follows.

XL = XC ⇒ 2πf L = 2πf1 C

1
f 2 = 2πL×2πC = 4π21LC
q
1
f = 4π 2 LC

fr = √1 Hz
2π LC

in our example it is;

fr = √ 1 Hz
2π 1×10−6

fr = 159.15 Hz
LTSpice output same as we expected and
calculated.

7
Figure 10: LTSpice Netlist of Figure 9

Figure 11: LTSpice Schematic of Figure 9

8
Figure 12: LTSpice Plot Output of Figure 9

9
Bibliography

[1] McGill University G. W. Roberts. Ltspice for microelectronic circuits,


1st edition.
[2] Electronics Tutorials Team. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/
rc/rc_3.html.
[3] Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLC_circuit, 2022-10-
28.

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