Balaji Institute of Technology &Sciences

Laknepally, Narsampet (M), Warangal Dist. 506 331.

HVDC TRANSMISSION

UNIT-1
1. Which type of dc link, all conductors have negative polarity [ ]

(a) Homopolar (b) Monopolar (c) Bipolar (d) None

2. The first HVDC scheme in India [ ]

(a) Vidhyachal back-to-back system (b ) Chandrapur-Padghe scheme

(c) Delhi-Rihand 500kv system (d) Sileru-Barsoor system

3 Which factor must be considered by system planner for expansion of dc alternative in transmission
(a) Cost (b) Technical performance (c) Reliability (d) All [ ]

4. The break even distance can vary in the range for over head lines [ ]

(a) 300km (b) 500km (c) 100km (d) 1000km

5. The following is the application of hvdc transmission [ ]

(a)Small distance bulk power transmission (b)Medium bulk power transmission

(c)Long distance bulk power transmission (d) None

6. HVDC transmission commercially began in the year [ ]

(a) 1950 (b) 1954 (c) 1970 (d) 1935

7. Modern HVDC systems are all [ ]

(a) 3-pulse converters (b) 6-pulse converters

(c) 24-pulse converters (d) 12-pulse converters

8. The breakeven distance is the distance beyond which [ ]

(a) DC transmission is economical (b) AC transmission is economical

(c) Cost of the both systems are same (d) both (b) and(c)

9. The initial HVDC valves were [ ]

(a) IGATS (b) Thyristors

(c) Mercury arc valves (d) None of the above

(a) Line current & voltage signals (b) Line power & voltage signals

(c) Line power & frequency signals (d) Line current & frequency signals

Fill in the blanks:

1. The reactive power requirements is increasing with the increase in---magnetic field-------------

2. AC filters are used to provide low impedance, shunt paths for AC harmonic currents

3. In a converter unit the valves are protected using---snubber circuit----, ---protective firing----, --surge
gap arrestors---------

4. The corona effect on DC is-----less------------compare to AC

5. Homopolar link has the advantage of reduced insulation cost

6. Energy availability=---100(1-equivalent outage time)------------------

7. AC lines require shunt and series compensation in long distance transmission

8. Transient reliability=------100*no.of times HVDC system performed as designed--------------

9.The converter transformer are designed to withstand DC voltage stresses and increased eddy current
losses due to harmonics

10.Too fast an increase in DC power output can lead to the reduction of AC voltage and commutation
failure
 UNIT-II
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The instant of zero-crossing of a particular commutation voltage corresponds to [ ]

a) α=300 b) α=600 c) α=00 d) α=900

2. The major drawback of IPC scheme is [ ]

a) harmonic stability b) harmonic instability

c) System is stable d) system is unstable

3.In Inverse cosine control scheme it is essential to maintain the phase shift at [ ]

a) 300 b) 900 c) 1800 d) 1200

4.In IPC scheme the firing pulse generation for each phase is [ ]

a) Dependent of each other b) Independent of each other

c) Constant d) None

5.The basic converter control characteristics the gf represents [ ]

a) minimum α b) Constant current

c) minimum ϒ d) None

6.The slope of ab (-ve slope) is due to [ ]

a) Rcr b) Rci

c) Rd+Rcr d) Rd+Rci

7.The first drawback of EPC scheme is [ ]

a) balanced voltages b) balanced currents

c) Unbalanced voltages d) unbalanced currents

8.The current controller is [ ]

a) Invariably feedback type b) variably feedback type

c) Invariably predictive type d) variably predictive type

9.In start-up with long pulse firing the deblock inverter is about [ ]

a) ϒ =300 b) ϒ =600 c) ϒ =00 d) ϒ =900

10.The permissible ramping rates may vary from [ ]

a) 2 to 10 p.u b) 5 to 10 p.u c) 7 to 10 p.u d) 1 to 10 p.u

1. The control of power in a DC link can be achieved through the control of current (or) voltage

2.Minimum extinction angle of the inverter to avoid commutation failure

3.In IPC scheme the harmonic instability is mainly due to the fact that any distortion in the system
voltage

4.Use of filters in control circuit to filter out non-characteristic harmonics

5.The voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) consists of integrator, comparator, pulse generator

6.In the first stage of energization the current is diverted from S1 switch to the bypass pair

7.The long gate pulse lasts nearly 1200

8.In start-up with long –pulse firing the deblock rectifier at 850

9.In EPC scheme the firing pulse are generated in SteadyState at equal intervals of 1/pf

10.IPC stands for individual phase control, EPC stands for Equidistant pulse control

Unit-III
1.A minimum SCR level is acceptable

a)1.5 b) 2.5

c)1 d)1.5

2. The smoothing reactors at the two ends are

a)Ldr b)Ldi

c) Ldi and Ldr d)NONE

3.Harmonics interactions are lower order harmonics resonances at frequency as that of fundamental

a) low b) high c) low or high d)same

4.Gate pulse generator which has input from the

a)CC b) CEA

c) CC or CEA d) None

5.The controller dynamics with time constants of [b]

a)5ms or higher b) 10ms or higher

c) 14ms or higher d) 1ms or higher

1) VDCOL stands for voltage dependent and current order limiter

2) Electromechanical interactions at frequencies below 5Hz

3) The phase -lock- loop required to synchronize the firing pluses to the AC converter bus voltages, also
needed to be modelled.

4) In system modelling fo represents zero sequence component.

5) The controller used in modelling of converter controller can be analog or digital.