EBD_7336

EBD_7336
 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS
Mathematics 2020-21
Number System Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1. x3 + x2 + 16 is exactly divisible by x, where x is a positive
(c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
integer. The number of all such possible values of x is
12. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 13 and the
[CDS-2020-II]
difference between the number and that formed by
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
reversing the digits is 27. What is the product of the digits
2. The number of (a, b, c) where a, b, c are positive integers of the number? [CDS-2020-II]
such that abc = 30, is [CDS-2020-II]
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 54
(a) 30 (b) 27 (c) 9 (d) 8
2 2 2 13. The sum of the reciprocals of two alternate natural numbers
3. If I = a + b + c , where a and b are consecutive integers
and c = ab, then I is [CDS-2020-II] 7
is . What is the sum of the numbers? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) an even number and it is not a square of an integer 24
(b) an odd number and it is not a square of an integer (a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 16
(c) square of an even integer 14. If n is any natural number, then 52n – 1 is always divisible
(d) square of an odd integer by how many natural numbers? [CDS-2021-I]
4. If the number 23P62971335 is divisible by the smallest odd (a) One (b) Four (c) Six (d) Eight
composite number, then what is the value of P? 15. If the number 413283P759387 is divisible by 13, then what
[CDS-2020-II] is the value of P? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
5. What is the remainder when the sum 15 + 25 + 35 + 45 + 55 16. What is the remainder when 21000000 is divided by 7?
is divided by 4? [CDS-2020-II] [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
6. What is the digit in the unit place of 399? 17. Consider the pairs of prime numbers (m, n) between 50 and
[CDS-2020-II] 100 such that m – n = 6. How many such pairs are there?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9 [CDS-2021-I]
7. (xn – an) is divisible by (x – a), where x ¹ a, for every (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
[CDS-2020-II] 18. What is the remainder when 2727 – 1527 is divided by 6?
(a) natural number n [CDS-2021-I]
(b) even natural number n only (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) odd natural number n only 19. What is the unit digit in the expansion of 6732?
(d) prime number n only [CDS-2021-I]
8. If 172020 is divided by 18, then what is the remainder? (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9
[CDS-2020-II] HCF and LCM
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 16 (d) 17
9. The sum of all possible products taken two at a time out of 1. LCM of two numbers is 28 times their HCF. The sum of the
the numbers ±1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 5 is [CDS-2020-II] HCF and the LCM is 1740. If one of these numbers is 240,
then what is the other number? [CDS-2020-II]
(a) 0 (b) – 30 (c) – 55 (d) 55
(a) 420 (b) 640 (c) 820 (d) 1040
10. A 60-page book has n lines per page. If the number of lines
were reduced by 3 in each page, the number of pages would 2. What is the HCF of the polynomials
have to be increased by 10 to given the same writing space. x6 – 3x4 + 3x2 – 1 and x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1? [CDS-2020-II]
What is the value of n? [CDS-2020-II] (a) (x + 1) (b) (x + 1)2
2
(c) x + 1 (d) (x + 1)3
(a) 18 (b) 21 (c) 24 (d) 30
11. If An = Pn + 1, where Pn is the product of the first n prime 3. The HCF and the LCM of two polynomials are 3x + 1 and
number, then consider the following statements : 30x3 + 7x2 – 10x – 3 respectively. If one polynomial is 6x2 +
[CDS-2020-II] 5x + 1, then what is the other polynomial? [CDS-2020-II]
1. An is always a composite number. (a) 15x2 + 4x + 3 (b) 15x2 + 4x – 3
2
(c) 15x – 4x + 3 (d) 15x2 – 4x – 3
2. An + 2 is always an odd number.
3. An + 1 is always an even number.
 EBD_7336
2 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

4. If (x – k) is the HCF of x2 + ax + b and x2 + cx + d, then what 2. A trader gives successive discounts of 20%, 10% and 5%
is the value of k? [CDS-2021-I] respectively. What is the overall discount? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 30% (b) 31.6% (c) 32.8% (d) 35%
d -b d -b
(a) (b) 3. X sells his goods 25% cheaper than Y and 25% dearer than
c-a a -c
Z. How much percentage is Z’s goods cheaper than Y?
d +b d -b [CDS-2021-I]
(c) (d) 100
c+a c+a (a) % (b) 40%
5. What is the HCF of x3 – 19x + 30 and x2 – 5x + 6? 3
[CDS-2021-I] 200
(c) 50% (d) %
(a) (x + 2) (x – 3) (b) (x – 2) (x + 3) 3
(c) (x + 2) (x – 1) (d) (x – 3) (x – 2) Ratio and Proportion
Powers and Roots 1. Three persons start a business with capitals in the ratio
1. What is the value of 1 1 1
: : . The first person withdraws half his capital after 4
1 1 1 1 3 4 5
+ + + ... + ? months. What is the share of profit if the business fetches
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 99 + 100 an annual profit of `96,800 ? [CDS-2020-II]
[CDS-2020-II] (a) ` 32,000 (b) ` 34,500
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 10
(c) ` 36,000 (d) ` 36,800
14 2. In a mixture of 80 litres of a liquid and water, 25% of the
2. If x m = x x x , then what is the value of m ?
mixutre is the liquid. How much water should be added to
[CDS-2020-II] the mixture so that the liquid becomes 20% of the mixture?
1 1 3 7 [CDS-2021-I]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 4 4 4 (a) 15 litres (b) 20 litres
(c) 24 litres (d) 25 litres
3. What is the square root of 15 - 4 14 ? [CDS-2021-I]
3. The incomes of A, B and C are in the ratio 7 : 9 : 12 and their
(a) 2 2- 7 (b) 3 2 - 7 expenditures are in the ratio 8 : 9 : 15. If A’s saving is one-
fourth of his income, then the ratio of savings of A, B and
(c) 15 - 7 (d) 5- 3 C is [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 56 : 99 : 69 (b) 99 : 56 : 69
3q + 2 + 3q - 2
4. If p = (c) 69 : 56 : 99 (d) 99 : 69 : 56
3q + 2 - 3q - 2
Average
then what is the value of p2 – 3pq + 2? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 1. Ena was born 4 years after her parents marriage. Her mother
5. What is the value of x, if is 3 years younger than her father and 24 years older than
Ena, who is 13 years old. At what age did Ena’s father get
b + b2 - 2bx married? [CDS-2020-II]
= a? [CDS-2021-I] (a) 25 years (b) 24 years
b - b 2 - 2bx (c) 23 years (d) 22 years
ab 2ab 2. Mahesh is 60 years old. Ram is 5 years younger to Mahesh
(a) ( a + b)
(b)
(a + 1) and 4 years elder to Raju. Babu is younger brother of Raju
and he is 6 years younger. What is the age difference
2ab ab between Mahesh and Babu? [CDS-2020-II]
(c) (d) (a) 18 years (b) 15 years
(a + 1)2 ( a + b) 2
(c) 13 years (d) 11 years
Percentage 3. The marks obtained by 5 students are 21, 27, 19, 26, 32.
1. The number of items in a booklet is N. In the first year there Later on 5 grace marks are added to each student. What
are the average marks of the revised marks of the students?
is an increase of x% in this number and in the subsequent
year there is a decrease of x%. At the end of the two years, [CDS-2021-I]
what will be the number of items in the booklet? (a) 26 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32
[CDS-2020-II] 4. Let the average score of a class of boys and girls in an
(a) Less than N examination be p. The ratio of boys and girls in the class is
3 : 1. If the average score of the boys is (p + 1), then what
(b) Equal to N is the average score of the girls? [CDS-2021-I]
(c) More than N (a) (p – 1) (b) (p – 2)
(d) It depends on the value of N
(c) (p – 3) (d) p
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 3

Simple and Compound Interest 3 4

(a) hours (b) hours
1. The simple interest on a certain sum is one-fourth of the 2 3
sum. If the number of years and the rate of annual interest
are numerically equal, then the number of years is 9 11
(c) hours (d) horus
[CDS-2020-II] 8 8
(a) 2.5 (b) 3 (c) 3.5 (d) 5 4. A car did a journey in t hours. Had the average speed been
2. A sum of money was invested at simple interest at a certain x kmph greater, the journey would have taken y hours less.
rate for 5 years. Had it been invested at a 5% higher rate, it How long was the journey? [CDS-2020-II]
would have fetched `500 more. What was the principal (a) x (t – y) ty (b) x (t – y) ty–1
amount? [CDS-2021-I] (c) x (t – y) ty–2 (d) x (t + y) ty
(a) `2,000 (b) `1,800 5. A train travels 600 km in 5 hours and the next 900 km in
(c) `1,600 (d) `1,200 10 hours. What is the average speed of the train?
3. The difference between the compound interest [CDS-2021-I]
(compounded annually) and the simple interest on a certain (a) 80 km/hr. (b) 90 km/hr.
sum of money at 12% per annum for 2 years is `72. What is (c) 100 km/hr. (d) 120 km/hr.
the principal amount? [CDS-2021-I]
4
(a) `6,500 (b) `6,000 6. Walking at th of his usual speed, a man is 12 minutes
5
(c) `5,500 (d) `5,000
late for his office. What is the usual time taken by him to
Profit and Loss cover that distance? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 48 minutes (b) 50 minutes
1. A shopkeeper sells his articles at their cost price but uses
a faulty balance which reads 1000 gm for 800 gm. What is (c) 54 minutes (d) 60 minutes
the actual profit percentage? [CDS-2020-II] 7. A train 200 m long passes a platform 100 m long in 10
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 30% (d) 40% seconds. What is the speed of the train? [CDS-2021-I]
2. If a television set is sold at `x, a loss of 28% would be (a) 40 m/s (b) 30 m/s
incurred. If it is sold at `y, a profit of 12% would be incurred. (c) 25 m/s (d) 20 m/s
What is the ratio of y to x? [CDS-2020-II]
Time & Work
(a) 41 : 9 (b) 31 : 9
(c) 23 : 9 (d) 14 : 9 1. If x men working x hours per day can do x units of work in
3. A person sold an article for ` 75 which cost him ` x. He x day, then y men working y hours per day in y days would
finds that he realised x% profit on his outlay. What is x be able to do k units of work. What is the value of k?
equal to ? [CDS-2020-II] [CDS-2020-II]
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 50% (d) 100% (a) x 2 y –3 (b) x 3 y –2
4. The cost price of 100 mangoes is equal to the selling price (c) y 2 x –3 (d) y 3 x –2
of 80 mangoes. What is the profit percentage? 2. If 20 persons can clean 20 floors in 20 days, then in how
[CDS-2021-I] many days can 16 persons clean 16 floors? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 16% (b) 20% (c) 24% (d) 25% (a) 25 days (b) 24 days
(c) 20 days (d) 16 days
Time , Speed and Distance 3. Let the work done by (x – 1) men in (x + 1) days be y. Let the
1. A train of length 110 m is moving at a uniform speed of 132 work done by (x + 2) men in (x – 1) days be z. If y : z = 9 : 10,
km/hr. The time required to cross a bridge of length 165 m then what is the value of x? [CDS-2021-I]
is [CDS-2020-II] (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 12
(a) 6.5 seconds (b) 7 seconds
Logarithm
(c) 7.5 seconds (d) 8.5 seconds
2. By increasing the speed of his car by 15 km/hr, a person 1. If 63–4x 4x+5 = 8 (Given log102 = 0.301 and log10 3 = 0.477),
covers a distance of 300 km by taking an hour less than then which one of the following is correct?
before. What was the original speed of the car? [CDS-2020-II]
[CDS-2020-II] (a) 0 < x < 1 (b) 1 < x < 2
(a) 45 km/hr (b) 50 km/hr (c) 2 < x < 3 (d) 3 < x < 4
(c) 60 km/hr (d) 75 km/hr 2. The Euclidean algorithm is used to calculate the
3. X, Y and Z travel from the same place with uniform speeds [CDS-2020-II]
4 km/hr, 5 km/hr and 6 km/hr. respectively. Y starts 2 hours (a) square root of an integer
after X. How long after Y must Z start in order that they (b) cube root of an integer
overtake X at the same instant? [CDS-2020-II] (c) square of an integer
(d) HCF of two integer
 EBD_7336
4 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

3. What is log10 31.25 equal to ? [CDS-2021-I] (a) (1 + x)2 (b) (1 – x)2

(a) 3 – 5 log10 2 (b) 3 – 2log10 2 (c) 1 – 2x – x 2 (d) 1 + 2x – x2
(c) 5 – 5log10 2 (d) 5 – 3log10 2 5. When a ball is allowed to fall, the time it takes to fall any
4. If 5x–3 = 8, then what is x equal to ? [CDS-2021-I] distance varies as the square root of the distance and it
takes 4 seconds to fall 78.40 m. How long would it take to
3 3 fall 122.50 m? [CDS-2020-II]
(a) (b)
1 - log10 2 1 + log10 2 (a) 5 seconds (b) 5.5 seconds
(c) 6 seconds (d) 6.5 seconds
2 5
(c) (d) 6. For how many real values of k is 6kx2 + 12kx – 24x + 16
1 - log10 2 1 - log10 2 a perfect square for every integer x? [CDS-2021-I]
5. What is the least value of 3 sin2q + 4 cos2q ? (a) Zero (b) One
[CDS-2021-I] (c) Two (d) Four
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
1 5 1
p 7. If x + = , then what is x 4 - equal to ?
6. If sin q cos q = k, where 0 £ q £ , then which one of the x 2 x4
2 [CDS-2021-I]
following is correct? [CDS-2021-I]
195 255 625
(a) 0 £ k £ 1 (b) 0 £ k £ 0.5 only (a) (b) (c) (d) 0
(c) 0.5 £ k £ 1 only (d) 0 < k < 1 16 16 16
8. 4x3 + 12x2 – x – 3 is divisible by [CDS-2021-I]
p
7. If p = sin2 q + cos4 q for 0 £ q £ , then consider the (a) (2x + 1) only
2 (b) (2x – 1) only
following statements : (c) Both (2x + 1) and (2x – 1)
3 (d) Neither (2x + 1) nor (2x – 1)
1. p can be less than 9. Which one of the following fractions will have minimum
4
2. p can be more than 1. change in its value if 3 is added to both the numerator and
Which of the above statements is/are correct? the denominator of all the fractions? [CDS-2021-I]
[CDS-2021-I] 2 3 4 5
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 5 6
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
8. What is the ratio of greatest to the smallest value of 2 – 2 1 1 1 1 99
10. If + + + ... + =
1´ 2 2 ´ 3 3 ´ 4 n( n + 1) 100
sin x – sin2 x, 0 £ x £ p ? [CDS-2021-I]
2 then what is the value of n? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) –3 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 3 (a) 98 (b) 99 (c) 100 (d) 101

Basic Operation and Factorization ( x 3 - 1)( x 2 - 9 x + 14)

11. The expression simplifies to
1. The number of different solutions of the equation x + y + z ( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 - 8x + 7)
= 12, where each of x, y and z is a positive integer, is [CDS-2021-I]
[CDS-2020-II] (a) (x – 1) (b) (x – 2)
(a) 53 (b) 54 (c) 55 (d) 56 (c) (x – 7) (d) (x + 2)
2. What is the value of [CDS-2020-II] 1
12. What should be added to to get
2
a + ac 2
a -c 2
2c 3 ( x - 2)( x - 4)
- - + ? 2x - 5
2
a c-c 3 2 2
a c + 2ac + c 3 2
a -c 2
a+c ? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 ( x 2 - 5 x + 6)( x - 4)

ac 6 1 1
(c) (d) (a) (b) 2
2
a +c 2
a+c 2
( x - 7 x + 12) ( x + 7 x + 12)
x y z 1 1
3. If = = , then which one of the following (c) 2
(d) 2
b+c c+a b-a ( x - 7 x - 12) ( x + 7 x - 12)
is correct? [CDS-2020-II] x y x y
x y
(a) x + y + z = 0 (b) x – y – z = 0 13. If + = a + b and 2 + 2 = 2, then what is 2 - 2
a b a b a b
(c) x + y – z = 0 (d) x + 2y + 3z = 0 equal to ? [CDS-2021-I]
4. 1 – x – xn + xn+1, where n is a natural number, is divisible (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1
by [CDS-2020-II]
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 5

14. Consider the following statements:

y b
1. If x is directly proportional to z and y is directly (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
proportional to z, then (x2 – y2) is directly proportional b y
to z2. 2. If (p + 2) (2q – 1) = 2pq – 10 and (p – 2) (2q – 1) = 2pq – 10,
2. If x is inversely proportional to z and y is inversely then what is pq equal to ? [CDS-2020-II]
proportional to z, then (xy) is inversely proportional (a) – 10 (b) – 5 (c) 5 (d) 10
to z2.
Which of the above statement is/are correct? Quadratic Equations
[CDS-2021-I] 1. If the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 4x – log10 N = 0
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only are real, then what is the minimum value of N?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [CDS-2020-II]
8x x + 1 x -1
4x 1 1 1
15. What is - + - equal to ? (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
1- x x + 1 x -1 x + 1
4 2 10 100 10000
[CDS-2021-I] 2. What is the square root of 4x4 + 8x3 – 4x + 1?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 [CDS-2020-II]
16. For what integral value of x is (a) 2x2 – 2x – 1 (b) 2x2 – x – 1
(c) 2x2 + 2x + 1 (d) 2x2 + 2x – 1
12 3. If the equation x + y – 2xysin2 q = 0 contains real solution
2 2
= x?
6 for x and y, then [CDS-2021-I]
7-
3 [CDS-2021-I] (a) x = y (b) x = – y
7-
5- x (c) x = 2y (d) 2x = y
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 4. If the equation 4x2 – 2kx + 3k = 0 has equal roots, then
17. If x (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) + 1 = k2, then which one of the what are the values of k? [CDS-2021-I]
following is a possible expression for k? (a) 4, 12 (b) 4, 8 (c) 0, 12 (d) 0, 8
[CDS-2021-I] 5. If the sum as well as the product of the roots of the equation
(a) x2 – 3x + 1 (b) x2 – 3x – 1 px2 – 6x + q = 0 is 6, then what is (p + q) equal to ?
(c) x2 + 3x – 1 (d) x2 – 2x – 1 [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 5
1 1
18. What is +
bc(a - b)(b - c ) ca(b - c )(b - a) Set Theory

1 1. Let d (n) denote the number of positive divisors of a

+ positive integer n. Which of the following are correct?
ab(c - a)(c - b) 1. d (5) = d (11)
equal to ? 2. d (5). d (11) = d (55)
[CDS-2021-I] 3. d (5) + d (11) = d (16)
(a) a + b + c (b) 3 Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(c) ab + bc + ca (d) 0 [CDS-2020-II]
19. How many terms are there in the following product? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(a1 + a2 + a3 )(b1 + b2 + b3 + b4 )(c1 + c2 + c3 + c4 + c5 ) (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
[CDS-2021-I] 2. If x varies as y, then which of the following is/are correct?
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 60 1. x2 + y2 + varies as x2 – y2
20. If a + b + c = 0, then which of the following are correct? x
1. a3 + b3 + c3= 3abc 2. varies inversely as y
y2
2. a2 + b2 + c2 = –2(ab + bc + ca)
3. a3 + b3 + c3 = –3ab (a + b) 3. 2
x 2 y varies as 2n x 4 y 2
Select the correct answer using the code given below. Select the correct answer usign the code given below :
[CDS-2021-I] [CDS-2020-II]
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. How many pairs of (x, y) can be chosen from the set {2, 3,
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables
x y
6, 8, 9} such that + = 2 , where x ¹ y? [CDS-2021-I]
x c y x
1. If ab + xy – xb = 0 and bc + yz – cy = 0, then what is +
a z (a) Zero (b) One
equal to ? [CDS-2020-II] (c) Two (d) Three
 EBD_7336
6 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

Trigonometric Ratios & Identities 11. Consider the following statements :

1. The value of cos 61° + sin 29° cannot exceed 1.
1. If cosec q – sin q = m and sec q – cos q = n, then what is
2. The value of tan 23° – cot 67° is less than 0.
4 2 2 4
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
m 3 n 3 + m 3 n 3 equal to ? [CDS-2020-II]
[CDS-2020-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) mn (d) m2n 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. If cos q + sec q = k, then what is the value of sin 2q – tan2q? 12. Consider the following inequalities :
[CDS-2020-II] 1. sin1° < cos 57° 2. cos 60° > sin 57°
(a) 4 – k (b) 4 – k2 Which of the above is/are correct? [CDS-2021-I]
(c) k2 – 4 (d) k2 + 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
3. Consider the following statements : (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1 13. If p = sec q – tan q and q = cosecq + cotq, then what is p +
1. sin q = x + is possible for some real value of x. q (p – 1) equal to ? [CDS-2021-I]
x
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
1 14. If cosecq – cotq = m, then what is cosecq equal to ?
2. cos q = x + is possible for some real value of x.
x [CDS-2021-I]
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1 1
[CDS-2020-II] (a) m + (b) m -
m m
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 m 2 m 1
(c) + (d) +
4. Consider the following statemetns : 2 m 2 2m
1. The equation 2 sin2q – cosq + 4 = 0 is possible for all q. 15. Let ABC be a triangle right angled at C, then what is tan A
+ tan B equal to ? [CDS-2021-I]
2. tan q + cot q cannot be less than 2, where 0 < q < p .
2 a a2 b2 c2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Which of the above statements is/are correct? bc bc ca ab
[CDS-2020-II] 16. Let cosa + cosb = 2 and sina + sinb = 0, where 0 £ a £ 90°,
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 0 £ b £ 90°. What is the value of cos2a – cos 2b?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [CDS-2021-I]
5. What is the maximum value of 3 sin q – 4 ? (a) 0
[CDS-2020-II] (b) 1
(a) – 4 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 1 (c) 2
6. If sinq + cos q = 2 , then what is sin6q + cos6q + 6sin2q (d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data
cos2q equal to ? [CDS-2020-II] 5
17. If secq + cosq = , where 0 £ q £ 90°, then what is the
1 3 7 2
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) value of sin2q ? [CDS-2021-I]
4 4 4
7. 2 2
What is the least value of 9 sin q + 16 cos q ? 1 1 3
[CDS-2020-II] (a) (b) (c) (d) 1
4 2 4
(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 16 (d) 25 18. What is (1 + cotq – cosecq) (1 + tanq + secq) equal to ?
8. If cos 47° + sin 47° = k, then what is the value of cos2 47° [CDS-2021-I]
– sin2 47° ? [CDS-2020-II] (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
(a) k 2 -k2 (b) -k 2 - k 2 19. If 6 + 8 tanq = secq and 8 – 6 tanq = k sec q, then what is the
value of k2? [CDS-2021-I]
(c) k 1- k 2 (d) -k 1 - k 2 (a) 11 (b) 22 (c) 77 (d) 99
9. If cosec q – sin q = p and sec q – cos q = q3 then what is
3
Height and Distance
the value of tan q ? [CDS-2020-II]
1. A pole on the ground leans at 60° with the vertical. At a
p q point x metre away from the base of the pole on the ground,
(a) (b)
q p two halves of the pole subtend the same angle. If the pole
(c) pq (d) p2 q 2 and the point are in the same vertical plane, then what is
the length of the pole? [CDS-2021-I]
10. If 0 £ a, b £ 90° such that cos (a – b) = 1, then what is sin
a – sin b + cos a – cos b equal to ? [CDS-2020-II] (a) 2 x metre (b) 3x metre
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 (c) 2x metre (d) 2 2 x metre
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 7

2. A vertical tower standing at the corner of a rectangular

22
field subtends angles of 60° and 45° at the two nearer (Assume p = ) [CDS-2020-II]
corners. If q is the angle that the tower subtends at the 7
farthest corner, then what is cotq equal to? [CDS-2021-I] (a) 5 cm (b) 7 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 14 cm
10. The sides of a right-angled triangle are in the ratio
1 2 4
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) x : (x – 1) : (x – 18). What is the perimeter of the triangle?
2 3 3 [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 28 units (b) 42 units
Area and Perimeter
(c) 56 units (d) 84 units
1. The two sides of a triangle are 40 cm and 41 cm. If the 11. If the perimeter of a right-angled triangle is 30 cm and the
perimeter of the triangle is 90 cm, what is its area ? hypotenuse is 13 cm, then what is the area of the triangle?
[CDS-2020-II] [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 90 cm2 (b) 135 cm2 (a) 24 cm2 (b) 27 cm2
(c) 150 cm2 (d) 180 cm2 (c) 30 cm2 (d) 36 cm2
2. The diagonals of a rhombus differ by 2 units and its 12. A wire is in the form of a circle of radius 70 cm. If it is bent
perimeter exceeds the sum of the diagonals by 6 units. in the form of a rhombus, then what is its side length?
What is the area of the rhombus? [CDS-2020-II]
(a) 48 square units (b) 36 square units 22
(Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
(c) 24 square units (d) 12 square units 7
3. What is the area of a right-angled triangle, if the radius of (a) 55 cm (b) 75 cm
the circumcircle is 5 cm and altitude drawn to the (c) 95 cm (d) 110 cm
hypotenuse is 4 cm? [CDS-2020-II] 13. If the perimeter of a semicircular park is 360 m, then what is
(a) 20 cm2 (b) 18 cm2
22
(c) 16 cm2 (d) 10 cm2 its area? (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
7
4. The length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and breadth
is decreased by 10%. Then the area of the new rectangle is (a) 3850 m2 (b) 7700 m2
[CDS-2020-II] (c) 11550 m2 (d) 15400 m2
(a) neither increased nor decreased
Volume and Surface Area
(b) increased by 1%
(c) decreased by 1% 1. A river 3 m deep and 40 m wide is flowing at the rate of 2
(d) decreased by 10% km/hr and falls into the sea. What is the amount of water in
litres that will fall into the sea from this river in a minute?
5. A bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in moving 11 km.
[CDS-2020-II]
22 (a) 40,00,000 litres (b) 4,00,000 litres
What is the radius of the wheel? (Assume p = )
7 (c) 40,000 litres (d) 4,000 litres
[CDS-2020-II] 2. If H, C and V are respectively the height, curved surface
(a) 17.5 cm (b) 35 cm area and volume of a cone, then what is 3pVH3 + 9V2 equal
(c) 70 cm (d) 140 cm to ?
6. If the perimeter of a circle and a square are equal, then [CDS-2020-II]
what is the ratio of the area of the circle to that of the (a) C2H2 (b) 2 C2H2
square? [CDS-2020-II] (c) 5 C2H2 (d) 7 C2H2
(a) 1 : p (b) 2 : p (c) 3 : p (d) 4 : p 3. The surface areas of two spheres are in the ratio 1 : 4. What
7. A triangle and a parallelogram have equal areas and equal is the ratio of their volumes ? [CDS-2020-II]
bases. If the altitude of the triangle is k times the altitude (a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 12
of the parallelogram, then what is the value of k? (c) 1 : 10 (d) 1 : 8
[CDS-2020-II] 4. The length, breadth and height of a brick are 20 cm, 15 cm
1 and 10 cm respectively. The number of bricks required to
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) construct a wall with dimensions 45 m length, 0.15 m breadth
2 and 3 m height is [CDS-2020-II]
8. Areas of the squares are in the ratio m2 : n4. What is the (a) 12450 (b) 11250
ratio of their perimeters? [CDS-2020-II]
(c) 6750 (d) None of the above
(a) m : n (b) n : m
5. The volumes of two cones are in the ratio 1 : 4 and their
(c) m : n2 (d) m2 : n diameters are in the ratio 4 : 5. What is the ratio of their
9. Four circular coins of equal radius are placed with their heights?
centres coinciding with four vertices of a square. Each [CDS-2020-II]
coin touches two other coins. If the uncovered area of the (a) 25 : 64 (b) 16 : 25
squrea is 42 cm2, then what is the radius of each coin?
(c) 9 : 16 (d) 5 : 9
 EBD_7336
8 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

6. The radii of the flat circular faces of a bucket are x and 2x. made of 99 cm3 of metal. If R is the outer radius and r is the
If the height of the bucket is 3x. What is the capacity of the inner radius of the pipe, then what is (R + r) equal to?
22 22
bucket ? (Assume p = ) [CDS-2020-II] (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
7 7
(a) 11x3 (b) 22x3 (a) 9 cm (b) 7.5 cm
(c) 44x 3 (d) 55x3 (c) 6 cm (d) 4.5 cm
7. If p, q, r, s and t represent length, breadth, height, surface 16. A metal solid cube of edge 24 cm is melted and made into
area and volume of a cuboid respectively, then what is three small cubes. If the edges of two small cubes are
12 cm and 16 cm, then what is the surface area of the third
1 1 1
+ + equal to ? [CDS-2020-II] small cube? [CDS-2021-I]
p q r (a) 1200 cm 2 (b) 1800 cm 2

s 2t s 2s (c) 2400 cm2 (d) 3600 cm2

(a) (b) (c) (d) 17. A conical vessel whose internal radius is 5 cm and height
t s 2t t
24 cm is full of water. The water is emptied into a cylindrical
8. A cloth of 3 m width is used to make a conical tent 12 m in vessel with internal radius 10 cm. What is the height of
diameter with a slant height of 7 m. What is the length of which the water rises? [CDS-2021-I]
22 (a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm
the cloth ? (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
7 (c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm
(a) 21 m (b) 28 m (c) 44 m (d) 66 m 18. A metal solid cube of side 22 cm is melted to make a cone of
9. A sphere of diameter 6 cm is dropped into a cylindrical height 21 cm. What is the radius of the base of the cone?
vessel partly filled with water. The radius of the vessel is 6 22
cm. If the sphere is completely submerged in water, then (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
7
by how much will the surface level of water be raisded?
(a) 11 cm (b) 16.5 cm (c) 22 cm (d) 27.5 cm
[CDS-2021-I]
(a) 0.5 cm (b) 1 cm (c) 1.5 cm (d) 2 cm 19. A cone of height 24 cm has a curved surface area
550 cm2. What is the ratio of its radius to slant height?
10. A sector is cut from a circle of radius 21 cm. If the length of
the arc of the sector is 55 cm, then what is the area of the 22
sector? [CDS-2021-I] (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
7
(a) 577.5 cm2 (b) 612.5 cm2
(c) 705.5 cm2 (d) 725.5 cm2 5 5 7 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11. The surface area of a cube is equal to that of a sphere. If x 12 13 25 27
is the volume of the cube and y is the volume of the sphere, 20. A rectangular paper is 44 cm long and 22 cm wide. Let x be
then what is x2 : y2 equal to : [CDS-2021-I] the volume of the largest cylinder formed by rolling the
(a) p : 6 (b) 6 : p paper along its length and y be the volume of the largest
(c) p : 3 (d) 3 : p cylinder formed by rolling the paper along its width. What
12. A cone and a hemisphere have equal bases and equal 22
volumes. What is the ratio of the height of the cone to the is the ratio of x to y? (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
7
radius of the hemisphere ? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 2
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
21. A hollow sphereical shell is made up of a metal of density
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 4 : 3 3 g/cm3. If the internal and external radii are 5 cm and
13. A solid sphere of diameter 60 mm is melted to stretch into 6 cm respectively, then what is the mass of the shell?
a wire of length 144 cm. What is the diameter of the wire ?
22
[CDS-2021-I] (Take p = ) [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 0.5 cm (b) 1 cm 7
(c) 1.5 cm (d) 2 cm (a) 1144 g (b) 1024 g
14. The ratio of the radius of base to the height of a cylinder is (c) 840 g (d) 570 g
2 : 3. If the volume of the cylinder is 1617 cm3, then what is
Lines and Angles
22
the curved surface area of the cylinder? (Take p = ) 1. The difference between two angles is 15° and the sum of
7
[CDS-2021-I] 5p
the angles in radius is . The bigger angle is k times the
(a) 242 cm2 (b) 385 cm2 12
(c) 462 cm 2 (d) 770 cm2 smaller angle. What is k equal to? [CDS-2020-II]
15. The difference between the outside and the inside surface 4 3 6 7
area of a cylindrical pipe 14 cm long is 44 cm 2. The pipe is (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 5 6
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 9

Triangles and its Properties 10. An equilateral triangle ABC and a scalene triangle DBC
are inscribed in a circle on same side of the arc. What is
1. In a DABC, AC = 12 cm, AB = 16 cm and AD is the bisector ÐBDC equal to? [CDS-2021-I]
of ÐA. If BD = 4 cm, then what is DC equal to ? (a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°
[CDS-2020-II] 11. ABC is a triangle right angled at C. Let p be the length of
(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm
the perpendicular drawn from C on AB. If BC = 6 cm and
(c) 4 cm (d) 5 cm CA = 8 cm, then what is the value of p? [CDS-2021-I]
2. ABC is an equilateral triangle. The side BC is trisected at D
(a) 5.4 cm (b) 5 cm
such that BC = 3 BD. What is the ratio of AD2 to AB2 ?
(c) 4.8 cm (d) 4.2 cm
[CDS-2020-II]
(a) 7 : 9 (b) 1 : 3 12. DABC is similar to DDEF. The perimeters of DABC and
(c) 5 : 7 (d) 1 : 2 DDEF are 40 cm and 30 cm respectively. What is the ratio
3. In a triangle, values of all the angles are integers (in degree of (BC + CA) to (EF + FD) equal to ? [CDS-2021-I]
measure). Which one of the following cannot be the (a) 5 : 4 (b) 4 : 3
proportion of their measures ? [CDS-2020-II] (c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 1
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 : 5 13. Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their
(c) 5 : 6 : 7 (d) 6 : 7 : 8 areas are in the ratio 4.84 : 5.29. What is the ratio of their
4. In a triangle ABC, if 2 ÐA = 3 ÐB = 6 ÐC, then what is corresponding heights? [CDS-2021-I]
ÐA + ÐC equal to? [CDS-2020-II] (a) 11 : 23 (b) 23 : 25
(a) 90° (b) 120° (c) 22 : 23 (d) 484 : 529
(c) 135° (d) 150° 14. ABC is a triangle right angled at A and AD is perpendicular
5. The lengths of the sides of a right-angled triangle are to BC. If BD = 8 cm and DC = 12.5 cm, then what is AD
consecutive even integers (in cm). What is the product of equal to ? [CDS-2021-I]
these integers? [CDS-2020-II] (a) 7.5 cm (b) 8.5 cm
(a) 60 (b) 120 (c) 360 (d) 480
(c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm
6. The sum of the squares of sides of a right-angled triangle
is 8,450 square units. What is the length of its hypotenuse? Quadrilateral and Polygon
[CDS-2020-II]
(a) 50 units (b) 55 units 1. What is the magnitude (in radian) of the interior angle of a
(c) 60 units (d) 65 units regular pentagon? [CDS-2020-II]
7. AD is the median of the triangle ABC. If P is any point on p 3p 4p
AD, then which one of the following is correct? (a) (b) 2p (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
[CDS-2020-II]
(a) Area of triangle PAB is greater than the area of triangle 2. In a quadrilateral ABCD, ÐB = 90° and AB + BC + CD2 –
2 2

PAC AD2 = 0, then what is ÐACD equal to ? [CDS-2020-II]

(b) Area of triangle PAB is equal to area of triangle PAC (a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 120°
(c) Area of triangle PAB is one-fourth of the area of 3. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. The bisectors of the angles
triangle PAC A, B, C and D cut the circle at P, Q, R and S respectively.
(d) Area of triangle PAB is half of the area of triangle PAC What is ÐPQR + ÐRSP equal to ? [CDS-2020-II]
8. ABC is a triangle right-angled at C. Let P be any point on (a) 90° (b) 135° (c) 180° (d) 270°
AC and Q be any point on BC. Which of the following 4. Consider the following statements :
statements is/are correct? 1. The diagonals of a trapezium divide each other
1. AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2 proportionally.
2. AB = 2PQ 2. Any line drawn parallel to the parallel sides of a
Select the correct answer using the code given below : trapezium divides the non-parallel sides
[CDS-2020-II] proportionally.
(a) 1 only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(b) 2 only [CDS-2020-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
9. ABC is a triangle right angled at B. Let M and N be two 5. If the sum of all interior angles of a regular polygon is
points on AB such that AM = MN = NB. Let P and Q be two
twice the sum of all its exterior angles, then the polygon is
points on AC such that PM is parallel to QN and QN is
parallel to CB. If BC = 12 cm, then what is (PM + QN) equal [CDS-2020-II]
to? [CDS-2021-I] (a) Hexagon (b) Octagon
(a) 10 cm (b) 11 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 13 cm (c) Nonagon (d) Decagon
 EBD_7336
10 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

6. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB is parallel to DC and 2AB

1 2æ q q
= 3DC. The diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. What is (c) r ç q - sin cos ö÷
the ratio of the area of DAOB to that of DDOC? 2 è 2 2ø
[CDS-2021-I]
1 2 q q
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 2 (d) r sin cos
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 9 : 4 2 2 2
7. A circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD. 7. AB and CD are the diameters of a circle which intersect at
If AB = 9 cm, BC = 8 cm and CD = 12 cm, then what is DA P. Join AC, CB, BD and DA. If ÐPAD = 60°, then what is
equal to ? [CDS-2021-I] ÐBPD equal to? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) 14 cm (b) 13 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 11 cm (a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 120°
8. In a trapezium ABCD, AB is parallel to DC. The diagonals 8. The sides of a triangle ABC are 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm. With
AC and BD intersect at P. If AP : PC = 4 : (4x – 4) and the vertices of the triangle as centres, three circles are
BP : PD = (2x – 1) : (2x + 4), then what is the value of x? drawn each touching the other two externally. What is the
[CDS-2021-I] sum of the radii of the three circles? [CDS-2021-I]
3 (a) 6 cm (b) 7 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) (d) 2
2 9. Let PAB be a secant to a circle intersecting the circle at
A and B. Let PT be the tangent segment. If PA = 9 cm and
Circle PT = 12 cm, then what is AB equal to? [CDS-2021-I]
1. If radius of a sphere is rational, then which of the following (a) 5 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 9 cm
is/are correct?
1. Its surface area is rational Statistics
2. Its volume is rational 1. Fifteen candidates appeared in an examination. The marks
Select the correct answer using the code given below : of the candidates who passed in the examination are 9, 6,
[CDS-2020-II] 7,8, 8, 9, 6, 5, 4 and 7. What is the median of marks of all the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only fifteen candidates? [CDS-2020-II]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 6 (b) 6.5 (c) 7 (d) 7.5
2. ABC is a triangle inscribed in a semicircle of diameter AB. 2. If the yield (in gm) of barley from 7 plots of size one square
What is cos (A + B) + sin (A + B) equal to ? yard each, were found to be 180, 191, 175, 111, 154, 141 and
[CDS-2020-II] 176, then what is the median yield? [CDS-2020-II]
1 1 (a) 111 gm (b) 154 gm
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 1
4 2 (c) 175 gm (d) 176 gm
3. A road curve is to be laid out of a circle. What radius 3. Which one of the following measures of central tendency
should be used if the track is to change direction by 42° in will be used to determine the average size of the shoe sold
22 in the shop? [CDS-2020-II]
distance of 44 m? (Assume p = ) [CDS-2020-II]
7 (a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean
(a) 60 m (b) 66 m (c) 75 m (d) 80 m (c) Median (d) Mode
4. How many solid lead balls each of diameter 2 mm can be 4. When the class intervals have equal width, the heigth of a
made from a solid lead ball of radius 8 cm? rectangle in a histogram represents [CDS-2020-II]
[CDS-2020-II]
(a) Width of the class
(a) 512 (b) 1024 (c) 256000 (d) 512000
5. A circle is inscribed in a triangle ABC. It touches the sides (b) Lower class limit
AB and AC at M and N respectively. If O is the centre of the (c) Upper class limit
circle and ÐA = 70°, then what is ÐMON equal to ? (d) Frequency of the class
[CDS-2020-II] 5. The ages of 7 family members are 2, 5, 12, 18, 38, 40 and 60
(a) 90° (b) 100° (c) 110° (d) 120° years respectively. After 5 years a new member aged x
6. What is the area of segment of a circle of radius r years is added. If the mean age of the family now goes up
subtending an angle q at the centre ? by 1.5 years, then what is the value of x? [CDS-2020-II]
[CDS-2020-II] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1 2 6. The mean weight of 100 students in a class is 46 kg. The
(a) r q
2 mean weight ofboys is 50 kg and that of girls is 40 kg. The
number of boys exceeds the number of girls by
1 2æ q q
(b) r ç q - 2sin cos ö÷ [CDS-2020-II]
2 è 2 2ø (a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 11

7. What is the algebraic sum of the deviations from the mean The percentage of students who have obtained less than
of a set of values 25, 65, 73, 75, 83, 76, 17, 15, 7, 14 ? or equal to 50% marks is [CDS-2021-I]
[CDS-2020-II] (a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 45% (d) 60%
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 13. What is the median of the following data :
8. The mean of five observations x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8 is 2, 3, –1, 2, 6, 8, 9 [CDS-2021-I]
m. What is the mean of the first five observations? (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
[CDS-2020-II] 14. What is the arithmetic mean of the first ten composite
(a) m (b) m – 1 (c) m – 2 (d) m – 3 numbers? [CDS-2021-I]
9. What is the median of 2, 4, 6, ..., 100? [CDS-2020-II] (a) 8.5 (b) 9.5 (c) 10.2 (d) 11.2
(a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (d) 51 15. Let p be the mean of m observations and q be the mean of
10. The harmonic mean and the geometric mean of two n observations, where p £ q. If the combined mean of
numbers are 10 and 12 respectively. What is their arithmetic (m + n) observations is c, then which one of the following
mean? [CDS-2020-II] is correct? [CDS-2021-I]
(a) c £ p (b) c ³ p
25
(a) (b) 120 (c) 11 (d) 14.4 (c) p £ c £ q (d) q £ c £ p
3
Directions: For the next four (4) items, consider the
11. Consider the following data with regard to production of following data with regard to different types (I, II, III,
cars (in lakhs) : IV, V) of multivitamin tablets produced in a company (in
lakhs):
Year 2015 Year 2016
Country A 35 38 Year I II III IV V
Country B 45 47 2000 160 80 70 90 75
Country C 88 93 2001 200 150 85 160 100
Country D 75 79 2002 135 35 44 95 85
Country E 58 60.9 2003 240 95 120 80 120
In which of the countries, the production of cars has 2004 180 110 85 95 115
increased by more than or equal to 5% in 2016 over 2015? 2005 210 150 100 92 110
[CDS-2021-I]
(a) B and E (b) A, C and D only 16. Which product is produced least over the years 2000-2005?
(c) A, C, D and E (d) A, D and E only [CDS-2021-I]
12. The following table shows the marks of 90 students in a (a) Type II (b) Type III
test of 80 marks : (c) Type IV (d) Type V
17. In which one of the following pairs of years, the difference
in total number of tablets produced between them is
Marks Number of students minimum? [CDS-2021-I]
1-10 5 (a) (2003, 2005) (b) (2001, 2005)
11-20 8 (c) (2003, 2004) (d) (2000, 2002)
21-30 10 18. The ratio of percentage drop in total production in 2004
compared to 2001 to that in 2000 compared to 2001, is
31-40 13
[CDS-2021-I]
41-50 18
1 1 1 1
51-60 17 (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 2 5
61-70 12
19. In which year, the production of Type I is more than the
71-80 7 sum of the production of Type III and Type IV?
[CDS-2021-I]
(a) 2001 (b) 2002 (c) 2003 (d) 2004
 EBD_7336
12 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

HINTS & EXPLANATIONS

Number System 6. (c) Periodicity of 3 is 4.
Now, 99 = 4 × 24 + 3
1. (c) f ( x) = x3 + x 2 + 16 is exactly divisible by x.
\ (3)99 = (3)4 ´ 24+ 3 = (3)3 = ....7
f ( x) x3 + x 2 + 16 16
\I = = = x2 + x + \ Unit digit = 7.
x x x
For I to be integer, 7. (a) ( x n - a n ) is divisible by (x – a) for all natural values
x = 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.
of n.
Hence, n(x) = 5.
2. (b) Factor of 30 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30 8. (a) (17)2020 = (18 - 1) 2020
Given that a × b × c = 30
= 2020 C0 (18) 2020 - 2020C1 (18)2019
\ (a, b, c ) = (1, 2,15), (1,3,10), (1,5, 6), (2, 3,5)
Here product of each triplets = 30 ...... - 2020 C2019 (18) + 2020 C2020
i.e. 1 × 2 × 15 = 1 × 15 × 2 = 2 × 15 × 1 = 30
So, each triplet can be arrange into 6 ways. = 18{ 2020 C0 (18)2019 - 2020C1 (18)2018
Number of (a, b, c) = 6 × 4 = 24.
Now, for (a, b, c) = (1, 1, 30) .... - 2020 C2019 }
We get 1 × 1 × 30 = 1 × 30 × 1 = 30 × 1 × 1 = 30 Hence, on dividing (17)2020 by 18, we get remainder = 1.
i.e. Number of (a, b, c) = 3. 9. (c) Product
Hence, total number of ways = 24 + 3 = 27
= 5 × (–4) + (4)(–3) + (–2) × (3) + (2)(–1) + (–5)×(3)
3. (d) We know, square of even number is always even and
= –55.
square of odd number is always odd.
10. (b) Here, 60 × n = (60 + 10) (n – 3)
So, when a = even, (a)2 = even
and b = odd, (b)2 = odd. Þ 60n = 70n - 210
Again, product of even and odd number is always 210
even. Þn= = 21.
10
So, c = a . b = even.
\ c2 = even. 11. (d) A2 = P2 + 1 = 2 ´ 3 + 1 = 7

Now, Sum I = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = odd number A3 = P3 + 1 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 5 + 1 = 31

(even) (odd) (even)
A4 = P4 + 1 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 5 ´ 7 + 1 = 211.
Hence, I = square of odd integer.
4. (a) Smallest odd composite number = 9 Now, A2, A3 and A4 are odd prime numbers.
Given number 23P62971335 is divisible by 9 when, So,
sum of its digits is divisible by 9. (1) An is always a composite number (Incorrect).
i.e. (2 + 3 + P + 6 + 2 + 9 + 7 + 1 + 3 + 3 + 5) = 41 + P. (2) An + 1 is always even number (Correct)
For P = 4, 41 + 4 = 45 is divisible by 9. (3) An + 2 is always odd number (Correct)
5. (b) Here periodicity of 2 and 3 are ‘4’ and periodicity of 12. (b) Let two digits are x and y.
4 is 2. then,
So, x + y = 13 ...(i)
Number Unit digit Last 2 digit
and (10 x + y ) - (10 y + x ) = 27
15
1 01
(x – y) = 3 ...(ii)
25 2 32
From (i) and (ii), we get x = 8 and y = 5
35 3 43 Product xy = 8 × 5 = 40.
45 4 24 13. (d) m = cosec q – cot q
55 5 25 As, cosec2q – cot2q = 1
125 1
Now number ‘....125’ when divided by 4 gives \ cosec q + cot q =
m
remainder ‘1’.
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 13

18. (c) Sum of m observation = p.m

1
then 2 cosec q = m + and, sum of n observation = q.n
m combined mean of (m + n) observation = c.(m + n).
m 1 According to the question,
\ cosec q = + c(m + n) = p.m + q.n
2 2m
14. (d) An right angle triangle, (AC)2 + (BC)2 = (AB)2 For p = q, c = p
For p < q, c £ q
Þ (b)2 + (a)2 = c2 Hence, p £ c £ q.
A 19. (c) Percentage drop in production in 2004 compare to
2001
æ 695 - 585 ö
=ç ´ 100 = 15.83%
b c è 695 ÷ø
Percentage drop in production in 2000 compare to
2001
C a B
æ 695 - 475 ö
=ç ´ 100 = 31.65%
è 695 ÷ø
a b a 2 + b2
Now, tan A + tan B = + =
b a ab 15.83 1
Required ratio = =
31.65 2
c2
=
ab HCF and LCM
15. (c) Percent increase in production of cars in 2016 over 1. (a) LCM + HCF = 1740
2015 in
and LCM = 28 (HCF)
æ 38 - 35 ö
Country A = çè ÷ ´ 100 = 8.57% 1740
35 ø \ 29HCF = 1740 Þ HCF =
29
æ 47 - 45 ö Now, LCM × HCF = 240 × Other number
Country B = çè ÷ ´ 100 = 4.44%
45 ø 28 × HCF × HCF = 240 × Other number
2
æ 93 - 88 ö æ 1740 ö
÷ ´ 100 = 5.68% Þ 28 ´ ç = 240 ´ Other number
Country C = çè
88 ø è 29 ÷ø
2
æ 79 - 75 ö æ 1740 ö 1
\ Other number = 28 ´ ç ´ = 420.
Country D = çè ÷ ´ 100 = 5.33% è 29 ÷ø 240
75 ø
2. (d)
æ 60.9 - 58 ö
Country E = çè ÷ ´ 100 = 5% f ( x) = x6 - 3x 4 + 3x 2 - 1 = ( x2 - 1)3 = ( x + 1)3 ( x - 1)3
58 ø
Hence, in country A, C, D and E, Production of cars Again, g ( x) = x3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1
has increased by ³ 5%
= x 2 ( x + 1) + 2 x( x + 1) + ( x + 1)
16. (b) Total number of students = 5 + 8 + 10 + 13 + 18 + 17
+ 12 + 7 = 90 = ( x + 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 1) = ( x + 1)3
Number of Students, obtained £ 50% \ H.C.F. = (x + 1)3.
= 5 + 8 + 10 + 13 = 36 3. (d) One polynomial × other polynomial = H.C.F. × L.C.M.
36 (6 x 2 + 5x + 1) × Other polynomial
\ Required percent = ´ 100 = 40%
103 = (3x + 1)(30 x3 + 7 x 2 - 10 x - 3)
17. (d) First ten composite numbers are \ Other polynomial
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 18 (3x + 1)(3x + 1)(2 x + 1)(5 x - 3)
=
1 (3x + 1)(2 x + 1)
Mean = [4 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 18]
10
= (3 x + 1)(5 x - 3) = 15 x 2 - 4 x - 3.
= 11.2
 EBD_7336
14 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

4. (c) As ÐBAC and ÐBDC are same sides of arc BC

sin q - sin 2 q + 1 - cos2 q - sin q - sin q.cos q
A
=
sin q.cos q
= –1
60º D 4. (a) Total number of tablet produced in
Year 2000 = 160 + 80 + 70 + 90 + 75 = 475
Year 2001 = 200 + 150 + 85 + 160 + 100 = 695
60º Year 2002 = 135 + 35 + 44 + 95 + 85 = 394
60º
B C Year 2003 = 240 + 95 + 120 + 80 + 120 = 655
Year 2004 = 180 + 110 + 85 + 95 + 115 = 585
Year 2005 = 210 + 150 + 100 + 92 + 110 = 662
\ ÐBAC = ÐBDC = 60º Now, difference in production in two years
5. (c) From tangent properties, Year: 2003 – 2005 = 662 – 655 = 7 {Minimum}
Year: 2001 – 2005 = 695 – 662 = 33
T Year: 2003 – 2004 = 655 – 585 = 70
Year: 2000 – 2002 = 475 – 394 = 81
5. (c) In 2003, production of type I = 240.
Sum of production of type III & IV = 120 + 80 = 200
Hence, production of type I is more then sum of
P production of type III & IV.
B A
Percentage
(PT) = PA.PB
2
æ x ö
(12)2 = 9.(PA + AB) 1. (a) After first year, number of items = N ´ ç + 1÷
è 100 ø
144 After second year, number of items
\ (PB + 9) = = 16
9
æ x öæ x ö
Hence, PB = 16 – 9 = 7 cm. = Nç + 1÷ ç1 - = N (1 - 0.001x 2 ) < N
è 100 ø è 100 ÷ø
Powers and Roots 2. (b) Let AB (= 2r) is the diameter of the base of cone &
hemisphere.
1 1 1 1
1. (c) + + + ..... +
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 99 + 100 C

2 -1 3- 2 4- 3 100 - 99
= + + + .... +
2 -1 3- 2 4-3 100 - 99
= 2 - 1 + 3 - 2 + 4 - 3 + .... + 100 - 99
A B
= 100 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9.
According to the question
1 3
2. (a) 14 1+ 14 1+
Volume of cone = Volume of hemisphere
x m = 14 x x x = x× x 2 = x 4
1 2
7 1
´
1 ´ p.r 2 ´ h = p.r 3
= x 4 14 = x8 3 3
Where h = Height of the cone.
1
\m = h 2
8 \ = Þ 2: 1
3. (a) p + q(p – 1) = (sec q – tan q) + (cosec q + cot q) r 1
(sec q – tan q – 1) 3. (c) Volume of Cube = Volume of the cone

æ 1 - sin q ö æ 1 + cos q ö æ 1 - sin q - cos q ö 1

=ç + (23)3 = ´ p ´ (r ) 2 ´ 21
è cos q ÷ø çè sin q ÷ø çè cos q
÷ø 3
\ r = 22 cm
(1 - sin q).sin q + (1 - cos 2 q) - sin q.(1 + cos q)
=
sin q.cos q
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 15

Ratio and Proportion 40 BC + CA 4

So, = = .
1. (a) L.C.M. of 3, 4 and 5 = 60 unit 30 EF + DF 3
Now, Ratio of investment (initially)
Simple and Compound Interest
60 60 60
= : : = 20 :15 :12 Sum
3 4 5 1. (d) Here, S.I. = and rate of interest (r) = time (t)
Now, (20 × 4 + 10 × 8) : 15 ×12 : 12 × 12 4
Þ 160 :180 :144 Þ 40 : 45 : 36. Now,
\ Profit share of A Sum Sum × rate × time
S.I. = =
40 4 100
= ´ 96800 = 32000. 100
(40 + 45 + 36) Þ = time × time
4
2. (c) Curved surface area of the cone = p.r.l
100
22 \ time = = 5 years
550 = ´ rl 4
7
2. (b) Length of wire = 144 cm = 1440 mm.
175
\ rl = 175 Þ = Volume of sphere = Volume of wire.
l
Now, slant height : (l) = h + r
2 2 2 3
4 æ 60 ö
p ç ÷ = p × (r ) 2 .(1440)
æ 175 ö
2 3 è 2ø
l = (24) + ç
è l ÷ø
2 2

4 ´ 30 ´ 30
r2 =
l4 – 576l2 – 30625 = 0 144
On solving, l = 25 and r = 7
4 ´ 30 ´ 30 2 ´ 30
r 7 Þ r= = = 5 mm
Ratio : = 144 12
l 25
\ Diameter = 2r = 2 × 5 = 10 mm = 1 cm.
3. (c) As vertical angles of two triangle are same, then two
triangles are similar. 3. (c) Volume of the cylinder = pr2 × h
Ratio of areas of two triangles = Ratio of square of the 1617 = p.(2k)2.3k
sides of two triagnle.
1617 ´ 7
\ k= 3
Height(h1 ) 4.84 22 22 ´ 12
\ = =
Height(h2 ) 5.29 23
7 ´ 7 ´ 7 ´ 3 ´ 11
=3 = 3.5
Average 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 ´ 11 ´ 3
1. (c) Mother’s age = Ena’s age + 24 \ r = 2k = 7cm, h = 3k = 10.5
= 13 + 24 = 37 years Curved Surface Area = 2p.r.h
Father’s age = 37 + 3 = 40 years 22
= 2´ ´ 7 ´ 10.5 = 462 cm2
Father’s age at the time of his marriage 7
= 40 – 13 – 4 = 23 years.
Profit and Loss
2. (b) Mahesh’s age = 60 years
Ram’s age = 60 – 5 = 55 years æ 1000 - 800 ö
1. (b) Profit % = çè ÷ ´ 100 = 25%.
and Raju’s age = 55 – 4 = 51 years 800 ø
Babu’s age = 51 – 6 = 45 years 2. (d) Cost price of the T.V.
\ Mahesh’s age – Babu’s age = 60 – 45 = 15 years. 100 100
3. (d) (a1 + a2 + a3) (b1 + b2 + b3 + b4) (c1 + c2 + c3 + c4 + c5) = x´ = y´
(100 - 28) (100 + 12)
Total no. of terms = 3 × 4 × 5 = 60.
4. (b) As DABC and DDEF are similar, x y
\ =
72 112
Perimeter of DABC AB BC CA
\ = = =
Perimeter of DDEF DE EF DF y 112 14
\ = = .
x 72 9
 EBD_7336
16 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

5. (d) Difference in surface Area = 2p.h(R – r) = 44

æ x ö
x ´ ç1 + = 75
3. (c) è 100 ÷ø 2´
22
´ 14( R - r ) = 44
Þ
7
Þ x + 0.01x 2 = 75 Þ 0.01x 2 + x - 75 = 0 \ R – r = 0.5 . . . (i)
\ x = 50%. Again, metal used = p(R2 – r2).h
4. (b) Volume of water in conical vessel = Volume of water
22 2
in cylindrical vessel 99 = ( R - r 2 ).14
7
1 R2 – r2 = 2.25 . . . (ii)
Þ p(r1 ) 2 ´ h1 = p(r2 )2 .h2
3 From (i) and (ii), we get
1 2.25
Þ ´ (5)2 ´ 24 = (10)2 ´ h2 (R + r) = = 4.5 cm.
3 0.5
6. (c) Sum of volumes of three small cube = Volume of big
5´ 5´8
\ h2 = = 2 cm cube.
10 ´ 10
4 4
Time , Speed and Distance p((12)3 + (16)3 + r 3 ) = p(24)3
3 3
5 \ r3 = (24)3 – [(12)3 + (16)3]
1. (c) Speed of the train = 132 km/hr = 132 ´
18 = (24)3 – [(16 + 12){(16)2 + (12)2 – 16 × 12}]
\ Time required to cross the bridge = (24)3 – [28{256 + 144 – 192}]
(110 + 165) ´ 18 275 ´ 18 \ r3 = 8000 Þ r = 20
= = = 7.5 sec.
132 ´ 5 132 ´ 5 Surface Area of third Cube
300 300 = 6(r)2 = 6 × (20)2 = 2400 cm2
2. (c) - =1
s (s + 15) B
(where s = original speed of the car) 8 cm
D
\ 300 ´ 15 = s( s + 15) Þ s 2 + 15 s - 4500 = 0
12.5 cm
Þ ( s + 75)( s - 60) = 0 7. (d)

\ s = 60 km/hr. A C
(Here, s = –75 km/hr, neglecting -ve values)
3. (b) Let all three meet at time t hours when z start and z From triangle properties.
started after K hours. BD AD
Then, =
AD CD
Distance traveled by x = Distance traveled by
y = Distance traveled by z. \ AD = BD ´ CD = 8 ´ 12.5
\ 4(2 + K + t ) = 5( K + t ) = 6 × t = 10 cm.
Þ 6t = 5( K + t ) Þ t = 5K ...(i) Time & Work
Again, 4(2 + K + t ) = 5( K + t )
M1 × D1 ´ H1 M 2 D2 H 2
Þ K +t = 8 ...(ii) 1. (d) Here from =
W1 W2
From (i) and (ii),
8 4 X × X × X Y ×Y ×Y
K= = hours \ =
6 3 X K
4. (b) Let the distance = d km
\ K = Y 3 X -2
Then, speed ( s) = d × t 2. (b) When paper is folded along its width.
d d Let circumference of the base = width of the paper
Now, - =x
(t - y ) t \ 2p.r = 22
7
Þ dy = x × t (t - y ) \ r = cm
2
\ d = x × t (t - y ) × y -1
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 17

2 \ cos a = cos b = 1. Þ a = b = 0
22 æ 7 ö
Volume of Cylinder (Y) = ´ ç ÷ ´ 44 Now, cos 2a – cos 2b = cos 2a – cos 2a = 0
7 è 2ø
5
22 5. (c) Sec q + cos q =
´ (7) 2 ´ 22 2
Similarly, Volume (X) =
7
1 + cos 2 q 5
= Þ 2cos2q – 5cos q + 2 = 0
22 cos q 2
æ Xö ´ (7) 2 ´ 22
7 (2cos q – 1) (cos q – 2) = 0
Ratio çè ÷ø = =2:1
Y 22 æ 7 ö
2
´ ç ÷ ´ 44 1
7 è 2ø \ As, cos q ¹ 2, \ cos q =
2
3. (a) Volume of material used in the shell 2
æ 1ö 3
4 4 sin q = 1 – cos q = 1 – ç ÷ =
2 2
= p (63 - 53 ) = p ´ 91 è 2ø 4
3 3
6. (c) (1 + cot q – cosec q) (1 + tan q + sec q)
4 22
\ Mass of the shell = ´ ´ 91 ´ 3 = 1144 g (sin q + cos q - 1)(cos q + sin q + 1)
3 7 Þ
sin q.cos q
Logarithm
(sin q + cos q) 2 - 1
=
1. (b) 63 - 4 x × 4 x + 5 = 8 sin q.cos q
Taking log on both sides
sin 2 q + cos2 q + 2sin q.cos q - 1 1 + 2sin q.cos q - 1
3- 4 x x +5 = =
log(6 ×4 ) = log8 sin q.cos q sin q.cos q
= 2.
Þ log10 6(3 - 4 x ) + log10 4( x + 5) = log10 23
7. (d) 6 + 8 tan q = sec q . . . (i)
Þ (3 - 4 x) log10 6 + ( x + 5) log10 4 = 3log 2 and 8 – 6 tan q = k sec q . . . (ii)
Þ (3 - 4x){log10 2 + log10 3} + 2(x + 5) × log10 2 = 3log 2 On, squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii), we get
36 + 64 tan2q + 64 + 36 tan 2q = (1 + k2).sec2q
Þ (3 - 4x){0.301 + 0.477} + 2( x + 5)(0.301) = 3(0.301) 100(1 + tan2q) = (1 + k2)(1 + tan2q)
On solving we get 1 < x < 2. \ (1 + k2) = 100 Þ k2 = 99
2. (d) Euclidean algorithm is used to calculate HCF of two 8. (b)
integers.
Basic Operation and Factorization
3. (a) From graph :
1. (c) Given equation : x + y + z = 12.
f (x) As, x, y, z are positive integer.
\1 £ x, y, z £ 10.
1 Possible triplet (x, y, z) : (1, 1, 10), (1, 2, 9), (1, 3, 8),
f (x) = sin x (1, 4, 7), (1, 5, 6), (1, 6, 5), (1, 7, 4), (1, 8, 3), (1, 9, 2), (1, 10, 1)
f (x) = cos x Total number of sets = 10
Similarly for, (2, 1, 9), (2, 2, 8), ..... (2, 9, 1), ...
Total number of sets = 9.
For triplet (x, y, z) = (10, 1, 1), ...
0 30º 45º 60º 90º x
Total number of sets = 1.
Thus, for 0 < x < 45º, cos x > sin x Hence, total number of solution sets
= 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 55.
and for, 45º < x < 90º, sin x > cos x
Now, (1) sin 1º < cos 57º Þ sin(1º) < cos(90º – 33º) a 2 + ac a2 - c2 2c 3
2. (d) - - +
sin 1º < sin 33º {True} 2
a c-c 3 2 2
a c + 2ac + c 3 2
a -c 2 a+c
4. (a) cos a + cos b = 2
a (a + ac) (a 2 - c 2 ) 2c 3(a - c)
We know that, for 0 £ a, b £ 90º = - - +
2 2 2 2 2
0 £ cos a, cos b £ 1 c (a - c ) c ( a + c) a -c a2 - c2
 EBD_7336
18 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

9. (b) As diagonals of the trapezium divides each other in

a (a + c ) (a - c )2 (3a - 5c )c equal ratio
= - +
c (a 2 - c 2 ) c (a 2 - c 2 ) c( a 2 - c 2 )
A B
2 2 2 2
a + ac - a - c + 2ac + 3ac - 5c 4
= (2x – 1)
c( a 2 - c 2 )
P
)
6 ac - 6c 2
6 +4
= = . (2x (4x – 4)
2
c( a - c ) 2 (a + c )
D C
x y z
3. (b) = = = K (Let) 4 2x -1
b+c c+a b-a \ =
4x - 4 2 x + 4
\ x = K (b + c ), y = K (c + a), z = K (b - a)
2x + 4 = (2x – 1)(x – 1)
Now, x - y - z = K (b + c) - K (c + a) - K (b - a) = 0.
2x2 – 5x – 3 = 0
n n +1
4. (b) f ( x) = 1 - x - x + x Þ (x – 3)(2x + 1) = 0
Hence, x = 3.
f ( x) = (1 - x) - x n (1 - x)
10. (a) Let side of the cube is p and radius of the sphere is r.
= (1 - x )(1 - x n ) = (1 - x)(1 - x )(1 + x n -1...) Then, According to the question,
\ f(x) is divisible by (1 – x)2. 6p2 = 4p(r)2
1
5. (a) Here time to fall (t )2 a distance (d) p æ 4p ö 2
=ç ÷
t2 = K ×d r è 6ø

16
Þ (4)2 = K × (78.4) Þ K = Volume of Cube x p3
78.4 Now, = =
Volume of Sphere y 4 3
pr
16 4 ´ 35 3
Now, t = ´ 122.5 = = 5 sec.
78.4 28 3

12 æ 4p ö 2 3 4p
=ç ÷ ´ =
6. (c) Radius of the tent = =6m è 6ø 4p 1
2 2(6) 2
lateral surface Area of the tent = Area of the cloth
p.r.l = (length of the cloth) × 3
x2 4p p
\ = =
22 y 2
4.6 6
´ 6 ´ 7 = (l ) ´ 3
7
\ length of the cloth (l) = 44 m. 11. (c) Let DABC is a right angle triangle with right angled
at B and side
7. (b) As the sphere is completely submerged in water, then AB : BC : AC = (x – 1) : (x – 18) : x
Surface Area of the sphere = Volume of the water \ (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (AC)2
displaced in the cylinder. Þ (x – 1)2 + (x – 18)2 = x2
\ 4p(rs)2 = p(rc)2 × h x2 – 38x + 325 = 0
4p(3)2 = p(6)2 × h (x – 25)(x – 13) = 0
\ h = 1 cm. Þ x = 25
8. (b) Perimeter of the semicircular park Now, side AB = (x – 1) = 24
= pr + 2r = 360 BC = (x – 18) = (25 – 18) = 7
æ 22 ö AC = x = 25
\ ç + 2÷ r = 360
è 7 ø Perimeter of the triangle ABC = 25 + 24 + 7 = 56 units
Þ r = 70 m
1 22
Area of the park = ´ ´ (70) 2 = 7700 m2.
2 7
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 19

12. (c) Here DAMP, DANQ and DABC are similar triangle.

A A
r1 r1
r3
M P r2
14. (c) C
B r2 r3
N Q

B C
12 cm As shown in the fig. three circles of radius r1, r2 and r3
are drawn touches each other externally.
As, AM = MN = NB = x (Let) Sum of three sides = AB + BC + AC = 4 + 6 + 8
From DAPM and DANQ. = 18 cm
PM AM \ (r1 + r2) + (r2 + r3) + (r3 + r1) = 18
Then, = 2(r1 + r2 + r3) = 18
QN AN
\ r1 + r2 + r3 = 9 cm.
QN + PM AN + AM A
Now, =
PM AM
QN + PM 2 x + x 3 15. (c)
= = . . . (i)
PM x 1 B C
Again, from DAMP and DABC Let DABC is a right angled triangle, with
BC AB hypotenuse AC = 13 cm
=
PM AM Perimeter of the triangle = 30cm
\ AB + BC = 30 – 13 = 17 cm
12 3x
= Þ PM = 4 So, AB = 17 – BC
PM x
In right, angle triangle, (AB)2 + (BC)2 = (AC)2
Putting in equation (i), we get (17 – BC)2 + (BC)2 = (13)2
QN + PM = 4 × 3 = 12 cm. 289 + 2(BC)2 – 34 × BC = 169
13. (d) As two diameters AB and CD intersects at point P. (BC)2 – 17(BC) + 60 = 0
So, point P is the centre of the circle and BCAD is a (BC – 5)(BC – 12) = 0
cyclic quadrilateral. \ BC = 5 or 12
and AB = 17 – (5 or 12) = 12 or 5.
A D 1
60º Area of the triangle DABC = × AB × BC
2
P 1
= × 12 × 5 = 30 cm2
2
16. 2 2
(c) AB = (6) + (8) = 10 cm

C B B

D
So, ÐBPD = 2 × (ÐBAD) {As angle made by the 6 cm 10 cm
arc at centre is two P
times the angel made C A
at circumference} 8 cm
= 2 × 60º From properties of right angle triangle,
= 120º AC ´ BC
CD =
AB
8´6
= = 4.8 cm.
10
 EBD_7336
20 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

17. (d) Let the diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at

point ‘O’
c y
Þ =
2x z y -b
D C
x c b y b- y
Now, + = + = = 1.
O a z b- y y -b b- y
2. (c) ( p + 2)(2q - 1) = 2 pq - 10
Þ 4q - p - 2 = -10 Þ p - 4q = 8 ...(i)
A B ( p - 2)(2q - 1) = 2 pq - 10
3x
AO BO Þ p + 4q = 12 ...(ii)
Then, = = k (says)
OC OD 1
Þ AO = k(OC) and BO = k(OD) From (i) and (ii), p = 10 and q =
2
also, ÐAOB = ÐCOD
\ DAOB ~ DCOD 1
Now, p × q = 10 ´ = 5.
2 2
Area of DAOB (AB) 2 æ 3 x ö 9
So, = =ç ÷ =
Area of DCOD (CD)2 è 2 x ø 4
Quadratic Equations
(8 – x) F x B 1. (d) For real root D ³ 0
C
x
(8 – x) ( -4)2 - 4 × (1) × (- log10 N ) ³ 0
E 16 + 4 log10N ³ 0
18. (b) G
Þ (4){4 + log10 N } ³ 0
(9 – x) \ log10 N ³ -4
(4 + x)
D A
(4 + x) H (9 – x) 1
or N ³ 10-4 Þ N ³
10000
\ Side DA = AH + DH = 9 – x + 4 – x = 13 cm.
1
21 + 27 + 19 + 26 + 32 N(Minimum) =
19. (b) Average marks = = 25 10000
5
When 5 marks is added to each students marks 2. (d) f ( x) = 4 x4 + 8 x3 - 4 x + 1
then, New Average marks = 25 + 5 = 30. Now,
20. (b) Production of Type-I = 160 + 200 + 135 + 240 + 180 +
210 = 1125 (2 x 2 + 2 x - 1)2 = 4 x 4 + 4 x 2 + 1 + 8 x3 - 4 x - 4 x 2
Similarly,
= 4 x 4 + 8 x3 - 4 x + 1
Production of Type-II = 80 + 150 + . . . + 150 = 620
3. (c) Let ABCD is a rectangle of Length l and vertical
Production of Type-III = 70 + 85 + . . . + 100 = 504
tower AE is standing at the corner A.
Production of Type-IV = 90 + 160 + . . . + 92 = 612
Production of Type-V = 75 + 100 + . . . + 110 = 605
Hence, production of type-III is least over the year E
2000 - 2005.
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables
D
x 60º
1. (c) ab + xy - xb = 0 Þ b + ( y - b) = 0
a
q C
x b
Þ =
a b- y A b
45º
c l
and bc + yz - cy = 0 Þ y + (b - y ) = 0 B
z
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 21

Then, ÐABE = 45º and ÐADE = 60º and ÐACE = q

From DABE, AE = AB. tan 45º = AB = l K 2 +1
\z = (Not true)
( K 2 - 1)
l
From DADE, AD = AE. cot60º =
3 x 1
(2) a
2 y
y
Now, Diagonal AC = (AB)2 + (AD) 2
Ky 1 K 1
2 Þ a Þ a (True)
2 æ l ö 2l y 2 y y y
= (l ) + ç =
è 3 ÷ø 3
n 2
(3) x y a 2n x 4 y 2
AC 2l 2
Again from DACE, cot q = = = 1 1
AE 3 3 2 4 2 2n
Þ (x y) a( x y )
n
l
4. (a) As length (2pr) subtends angle 360º at the centre. 1 1
2 2 n
Þ (x y ) a( x y )
n
360º ´ 55
So, Angle subtends by 55 = » 150º 3. (b) Arranging data in increasing order:
2 p ´ 21
–1, 2, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9.
Now, Area of the sector of length 55 cm
th
150º æ 7 + 1ö
= ´ p (21)2 = 577.5 cm2 Number of median data = ç
è 2 ÷ø
term = 4th term
360º
Perimeter of the circle Hence, median = 3
5. (d) Side length of the rhombus =
4 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
22
2´ ´ 70 1 - sin 2 q cos2 q
= 7 1. (b) m = cosecq - sin q = =
= 110 cm sin q sin q
4

Set Theory 1 - cos 2 q sin 2 q

n = sec q - cos q = =
cos q cos q
1. (b)
4 2 2 4 2 2 2
(1) d (5) = divisor of 5 i.e. 1, 5
Now, m 3 × n 3 + m 3 × n 3 = (m.n) 3 {m 3 + n 3 }
and d(11) = Divisor of 11 i.e. 1, 11
So, d(5) = d(11) 2 ì 2 2ü
Þ Number of divisor of 5 = Number of divisor of 11 æ cos 2 q sin 2 q ö 3 ïæ cos 2 q ö 3 æ sin 2 q ö 3 ï
=ç × ÷ × íç ÷ +ç ÷ ý
(2) d(5) . d(11) = 2 × 2 = 4 è sin q cos q ø ïè sin q ø è cos q ø ï
d(55) = Divisor of 55 = 1, 5, 11 and 55 î þ
Number of divisor of 55 = 4
ì ü
\ d(5) . d(11) = d(55). 2
ï cos 2 q + sin 2 q ï
= (sin q × cos q) 3 ×í
(3) d(5) + d(11) = 2 + 2 = 4 2 ý
ï ï
î (sin q × cos q) 3 þ
d(16) = 1, 2, 4,8,16
\ Number of divisor of 16 = 5 =1
2. (b) cos q + sec q = K
Hence, d(5) + d(11) ¹ d(16).
Squaring on both sides,
Thus, (1) and (2) are correct but (3) is not correct.
2. (b) x a y Þ x = K × y, where K = constant. (cos q + sec q)2 = K 2

(1) Now, x 2 + y 2 ax 2 - y 2 Þ cos 2 q + sec 2 q + 2 × cos q × sec q = K 2

Þ 1 - sin 2 q + 1 + tan 2 q + 2 = K 2
{
Þ ( Ky ) 2 + y 2 = z ( Ky ) 2 - y 2 } Þ sin 2 q - tan 2 q = 4 - K 2
2 2 2 2
Þ ( K + 1) y = ( K - 1) y .z
 EBD_7336
22 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

1 8. (a) cos 47° + sin 47° = K

3. (d) Minimum values of x + =2 Squaring on both sides,
x
But, -1 £ (sin q, cos q) £ 1 cos 2 47° + sin 2 47° + 2 sin 47° × cos 47° = K 2
Hence, both (1) and (2) are not correct. Þ 2 sin 47° × cos 47° = K 2 - 1
4. (b)
Þ sin(2 ´ 47°) = K 2 - 1
(1) 2sin 2 q - cos q + 4 = 0
Þ 2(1 - cos 2 q) - cos q + 4 = 0 Þ sin 2 (2 ´ 47°) = ( K 2 - 1) 2

Þ 2 cos 2 q + cos q - 6 = 0 Þ 1 - sin 2 (2 ´ 47°) = 1 - ( K 2 - 1)2

Þ (2 cos q - 3)(cos q + 2) = 0 Þ cos2 (2 ´ 47°) = 2 K 2 - K 4
3
\ cos q = and –2. Þ cos(2 ´ 47°) = K 2 - K 2
2
But -1 £ cos q £ 1
\ cos 2 (47°) - sin 2 (47°) = K 2 - K 2
Q (1) is not correct.
1 9. (b) cosecq - sin q = p3
(2) tan q + cot q = tan q +
tan q
1 - sin 2 q cos 2 q
Þ = p3 Þ = p3
1 sin q sin q
As minimum value of x + =2
x
and, sec q - cos q = q3
1
\ tan q + ³2
tan q 1 - cos 2 q sin 2 q
Þ = q3 Þ = q3
Hence, (2) is correct. cos q cos q
5. (b) y = 3sin q - 4
q3 sin 3 q q
ymax = 3(1) - 4 = -1 Now, = Þ tan q = .
3 3 p
p cos q
{Q -1 £ sin q £ 1}
6. (d) sin q + cos q = 2 10. (b) cos(a - b) = 1
Squaring on both sides, Þ cos(a - b) = cos 0°
2 2
sin q + cos q + 2 sin q × cos q = 2 \a - b = 0 Þ a = b.
Þ sin 2q = 1 Þ sin 2q = sin 90° Now, sin a - sin b + cos a - cos b
\q = 45°.
Now, = sin a - sin a + cos a - cos a = 0.
11. (a)
sin 6 q + cos6 q + 6 sin 2 q × cos 2 q
(1) y = cos 61° + sin 29°
2 3 2 3 2 2
= (sin q) + (cos q) + 3 × sin q × cos q
Þ y = cos(90° - 29°) + sin 29°
Þ sin 29° + sin 29°
(sin 2 q + cos2 q) + 3sin 2 q *cos 2 q Þ y = 2sin 29°.
3 \ ymax = 2sin 29° < 2sin 30°
= (sin 2 q + cos2 q)3 + (2sin q × cos q) 2
4
1
= 2 sin 29° < 2 ´ Þ y < 1.
3 3 7 2
= 1 + sin 2q = 1 + = .
4 4 4 (2) tan 23° - cot 67°
7. (b) 2
y = 9sin q + 16 cos q 2 = tan 23° - cot(90° - 23°)
= tan 23° - tan 23° = 0.
= 9(sin 2 q + cos 2 q) + 7 cos2 q
= 9 + 7 (0) = 9.
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 23

17. (c) y = 3sin2q + 4cos2q

æ 3125 ö
12. (a) log10(31.25) = log10 çè ÷ y = 3(sin2q + cos2q) + cos2q
100 ø
= 3 + cos2q
= log10 (3125) – log10 (100)
Least value of cos2q = 0
= log10 55 – 2
\ ymin = 3 + 0 = 3
= 5log10 5 – 2
18. (b) k = sin q.cos q
æ 10 ö
= 5log10 çè ÷ø - 2 =
1
(2 sin q.cos q)
2
2
= 5 – 5log10 2 – 2 = 3 – 5log10 2
1
13. (a) 15 - 4 14 = 8 + 7 - 4 14 k = (sin 2q)
2
= (2 2)2 + ( 7) 2 - 2.2 2. 7
p
2 For 0 £ q £ , 0 £ sin 2q £ 1
= (2 2 - 7) 2
\ k = [0, 0.5]
Hence, Square root of 15 - 4 14 = (2 2 - 7)
19. (d) p = sin2q + cos4q
14. (c) Let two natural numbers are n and (n + 2)
= 1 – cos2q + cos4q
According to the question,
= (1 – cos2q)2 + cos2q
1 1 7
+ = \ p = (sin2q)2 + cos2q = cos2q + sin4q
n n + 2 24
Now, 2p = sin2q + cos4q + cos2q + sin4q
2(n + 1) 7 = (sin2q + cos2q) + (sin4q + cos4q)
=
n(n + 2) 24 = 1 + (sin2q + cos2q)2 – 2sin2q.cos2q
2(6 + 1) 7 1
For n = 6, = =2– (sin 2q)2
6´8 24 2
Thus, two numbers are n = 6 and (n + 2) = 8
1
Sum of these numbers = 6 + 8 = 14 p=1– (sin 2q)2
15. (d) For n = 1, 52 – 1 = 24 4
24 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24.
p
For n = 2, 54 – 1 = 624 As sin2q Î [0, 1] in 0 £ q £
624 is divisible by all numbers by which 24 is 2
completely divisible. \ 0 < p £ 1 Hence, Both (1) and (2) are wrong.
Similarly, for all natural values of n,
52n – 1, is always divisible by 8 natural numbers Height and Distance
16. (a) 5x–3 = 8 1. (*) Let y = 2 – 2sin x – sin2x
Taking log on both sides, we get
= 3 – (1 + 2sin x + sin2x)
(x – 3) log 5 = log 8
(x – 3) = log5 8 = log5 23 = 3 – (1 + sin x)2
(x – 3) = 3log5 2 p
x log 2 In 0 £ x £ , 0 £ sin x £ 1
-1 = 2
3 log 5
Now, ymin = 3 – (1 + 1)2 = –1
x log 2 ymax = 3 – (1 + 0)2 = 2
= +1
3 log 5
ymax 2
\ =
x log 2 + log 5 log(2 ´ 5) log10
= = = ymin -1 = – 2
3 log 5 log 5 log 5
2. (a) x2 + y2 – 2xy sin2q = 0
3 3 3 For sin2q = 1,
x= = =
log10 5 æ ö
10 log10 10 - log10 2 x2 + y2 – 2xy = 0 Þ (x – y)2 = 0
log10 ç ÷
è 2ø \ x=y
3
=
1 - log10 2
 EBD_7336
24 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

Area and Perimeter 5. (b) Let radius of the wheel = r cm

1. (d) Here side a = 40, b = 41, perimeter s = 90 22
Then, 5000 ´ 2 ´ ´ r = 11 ´ 100000
\ Side c = 90 – 40 – 41 = 9 cm. 7

As (40)2 + (9)2 = (41) 2 11 ´ 7 ´ 100

Þr= = 35 cm.
22 ´ 2 ´ 5
Þ ( a ) 2 + ( c ) 2 = ( b) 2 6. (d) Perimeter of circle = Perimeter of square
\ Triangle of sides a, b, c are right angle triangle and
pr
1 1 2pr = 4 s Þ s =
2
Area (A) = ´ a ´ c = ´ 40 ´ 9 = 180 cm . 2
2 2
2. (c) Let ABCD is a rhombus with diagonal BD = 2x and Area of circle pr 2 pr 2 4
Now, = 2 = =
AC = (2x + 2). Area of square s æ pr ö
2 p
D çè ÷ø
C 2

7. (b) Base of triangle = Base of parallelogram = b.

Height of parallelogram = h
A B \ Height of triangle = k.h
ATQ, ATQ,
4 × AB = AC + BD + 6 Area of Triangle = Area of parallelogram
2 2 1
æ 2 x + 2ö æ 2xö Þ ´ kh ´ b = h ´ b
Þ 4´ ç ÷ + ç ÷ = (2 x + 2) + 2 x + 6 2
è 2 ø è 2ø
\ k = 2.
Þ 4 ( x + 1)2 + x 2 = 4( x + 2) 8. (c) Area of square, A µ (Side)2
On squaring both sides, we get
2 2
( x + 1)2 + x 2 = ( x + 2) 2 A æS ö m 2 æ s1 ö
\ 1 =ç 1 ÷ Þ =ç ÷
A2 è S2 ø n4 è s2 ø
Þ 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1 = x2 + 4 x + 4
s1 m
Þ x2 - 2 x - 3 = 0 \ =
s2 n2
\x = 3
Diagonal BD = 2x = 6 cm, AC = 6 + 2 = 8 cm. As perimeter (p) µ Side (s)
1 p1 m
Area of rhombus = ´ 8 ´ 6 = 24 cm 2 \ =
2 p2 n2
3. (a) Hypotenouse of a right angle triangle 9. (b) Let ABCD is a square, such that AB = 2r.
= Diameter of the circumcircle
= 2 × 5 = 10 cm.
Altitude = 4 cm (given)
A B
1 2
\ Area of the triangle = ´ 10 ´ 4 = 20 cm .
2
10l
4. (c) Here, l ' = l + = 1.1l
100
10b D C
b' = b- = 0.9b.
100
Area A = l × b and A ' = l '× b ' = 1.1l ´ 0.9b = 0.99lb

æ A - A' ö æ lb - 0.99lb ö 2r
So, ç ÷ ´ 100 = ç ÷ ´ 100 Then, radius of each circle = = r.
è A ø è lb ø 2
Now, by symmetry
= 1% decreases.
Uncovered Area
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 25

= Area of (Square – Circle) Volume and Surface Area

2 2
= (2r ) - p × r
2000
2
1. (a) Rate of flow = 2 km/hr = m/min.
\ (4 - p)r = 42 60
æ 22 ö Amount of water flow into the sea in a minute
Þ ç 4 - ÷ × r 2 = 42
è 7ø 2000
= 3 ´ 40 ´ = 4000 m3
60
42 ´ 7
\r = = 7 cm. Now, 1 m3 = 1000 litres
6 \ 4000 m3 = 40,00,000 litres
2. (a) Let radius of the cone is r.
( x3 - 1)( x 2 - 9 x + 14)
10. (b) Then C 2 = p2 r 2 l 2 = p2 r 2 (r 2 + H 2 ) and
( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 - 8 x + 7)
1
( x - 1)( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 - 7 x - 2 x + 14) V = pr 2 × H
= 3
( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 - 7 x - x + 7)
\ 3p× V × H 3 + 9V 2
2
( x - 1)( x + x + 1)[ x( x - 7) - 2( x - 7)] 2
= æ1 ö æ1 ö
( x 2 + x + 1)[ x( x - 7) - 1( x - 7)] = 3p ç pr 2 H ÷ × H 3 + 9 × ç pr 2 H ÷
è 3 ø è 3 ø
( x - 1)( x 2 + x + 1)( x - 7)( x - 2) = p2 r 2 H 4 + p 2 r 4 H 2
=
( x 2 + x + 1)( x - 7)( x - 1)
= p2 × r 2 H 2 {H 2 + r 2 } = p2 × r 2 H 2 × l 2 = C 2 × H 2 .
= (x – 2)
8x x + 1 x -1
4x
3. (d) Radius (r )2 µ Surface area (s)
11. (a) - 2 + -
1- x 4
x + 1 x -1 x + 1 r1 1 1
\ = =
8x 4 x (1 - x ) 2 2
( x + 1) - ( x - 1) 2 r2 4 2
= 4
- 4
+
1- x 1- x x2 -1
v1 (r1 )3 1 1
\ Volume, v = 3
=
3
= .
8
4 x + 4 x3 4x 2 (r2 ) (2)
= 4
-
1- x 1 - x2 4. (c) Number of bricks required
3 2
4 x + 4 x - 4 x(1 + x ) 4500 ´15 ´ 300
= 4 = = 6750.
1- x 20 ´ 15 ´10
=0 5. (a) For cones,
6
12. (b) Sum of the roots a + b = -6 (Given) v1 (d1 )2 × h1 1 (4)2 ´ h1
p = Þ =
v2 (d 2 )2 × h2 4 (5)2 ´ h2
Þ p=1
q h1 25
\ = .
Product of the roots a.b = = 6 (Given) h2 64
p
Þ q=6 6. (b) Capacity of the bucket
(p + q) = 1 + 6 = 7 1
= p × h( R 2 + r × R + r 2 )
13. (c) f (x) = 4x3 + 12x2 – x – 3 3
= 4x2(x + 3) – 1(x + 3)
1 22
= (x + 3)(4x2 – 1) = ´ ´ 3 x ((2 x)2 + 2 x × x + x 2 )
3 7
= (x + 3)(2x + 1)(2x – 1)
22
Hence, f (x) is divisible by both (2x + 1) and (2x – 1) = x (7 x 2 ) = 22 x3 .
7
 EBD_7336
26 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

7. (c) Side of cuboid are p, q and r, then {Where r = rate of interest}

Surface area, s = 2( pq + qr + pr ) p ´5´5
\ = 500 Þ p = ` 2,000
Volume, t = p × q × r 100
14. (d) Let principal amount is ` p
1 1 1 pq + qr + rp s
Now, p + q + r = pqr
=
2t éæ 12 ö
2 ù p ´ 12 ´ 2
then, p ê çè 1 + ÷ø - 1ú - = 72
8. (b) Given equation, 6kx2 + 12(k – 2)x + 16 = 0 ëê 100 ûú 100
Given equation is perfect square, when D = 0 {p(1.12)2 – 1} – 0.24p = 72
{12(k – 2)}2 – 4.6x.16=0 or, 0.2544p – 0.24p = 72
3(k – 2)2 – 8k = 0 0.0144p = 72
3k2 – 20k + 12 = 0
(3k – 2) (k – 6)= 0 72
\ p= = ` 5000
0.0144
2
k= and 6 Short Trick :
3
2
Hence, number of real values of k = 2 æ r ö
Difference between C.I. and S.I. after 2 years = p ç
è 100 ÷ø
1 5 x 2 + 1 4 + 1 (2)2 + 1
9. (b) x + = Þ = = According to the question,
x 2 x 2 2
\ x=2 æ 12 ö
2
pç = 72
4 1 1 256 - 1 è 100 ÷ø
Now, x - 4
= (2) 4 - 4
=
x (2) 16 p(0.0144) = 72
255 72
= \ p= = ` 5000
16 0.0144
10. (c) Given equation: 4x2 – 2kx + 3k = 0 Total distance covered
For equal roots, D = 0 15. (c) Average Speed =
total time taken
(–2k2)2 – 4.4.3k = 0
4.k(k – 12) = 0 600 + 900 1500
= =
k = 0 or 12 5 + 10 15
1 1 1 1 99 = 100 km/hr.
11. (b) + + + ... + = 16. (a) Let man is walking with speed s meter/min and his
1´ 2 2 ´ 3 3´ 4 n(n + 1) 100
usual time of travel is t min
2 -1 3 - 2 4 - 3 (n + 1) - n 99 4
+ + + ... + = then, s.t = s (t + 12)
1´ 2 2 ´ 3 3´ 4 n( n + 1) 100 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 99 5t = 4t + 48 Þ t = 48 min
1- + - + - + ... + - = 17. (d) cost price of 100 mangoes = selling price of 80 mangoes
2 2 3 3 4 n n + 1 100
\ Profit = selling price of 100 – 80 = 20 mango
1 99 20
1- = ´ 100 = 25%
n + 1 100 \ profit % =
80
n 99 18. (b) Let Y sell the goods at ` 100.
\ =
n + 1 100 (100 - 25)
Hence, n = 99 Then, X sell the goods at 100 × = ` 75
100
12. (b) Price after discount
100
æ 100 - 20 ö æ 100 - 10 ö æ 100 - 5 ö and Z sell the goods at 75 × = ` 60
= 100 ´ ç ´ ´ (100 + 25)
è 100 ÷ø çè 100 ÷ø çè 100 ÷ø
= 68.4% 100 - 60
\ Z’s good cheaper than Y = ´ 100 = 40%
Hence, overall discount = 100 – 68.4 = 31.6% 100
13. (a) Let the sum invested was ` p
p.(r + 5).5 p.r.5
then, - = 500
100 100
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 27

25 S S
19. (b) In 80 litres, liquid = 80 ´ = 20 litres Then, BD = and BE =
100 3 2
Water = 80 – 20 = 60 litres
S S S
100 DE = BE - BD = - =
Volume of new mixture = 20 ´ = 100 2 3 6
20 From DABE,
Hence, Amount of water to be added = 100 – (60 + 20)
= 20 litres AE
= sin 60°
20. (c) As 20 persons can clean 20 floors in 20 days AB
So, 1 person can clean 1 floor in 20 days
S 3
\ 16 persons can clean 16 floors in 20 days. Þ AE =
2
M 1.D1 M 2 .D2
21. (a) From = Now, AD 2 = ( AE )2 + ( DE )2
W1 W2
2
( x - 1)( x + 1) y 9 æ S 3 ö æ S ö2 7 2
\ = = =ç + = S .
( x + 2)( x - 1) z 10 ç 2 ÷÷ çè 6 ÷ø 9
è ø
( x + 1) 9 7 2
= Þ x=8 S
( x + 2) 10 AD2 7
Now, = 9 = .
2 2 9
Lines and Angles AB S
3. (d) Sum of angles of a triangle = 180°
1. (b) Difference, A – B = 15°
x + 2 x + 3 x = 180°
5p
Sum, A + B = = 75°. Þ 6 x = 180° Þ x = 30°.
12
\ A = 45° and B = 30°. That gives integer angles.
But for 6x + 7x + 8x = 180
A 45° 3
\ = = .
B 30° 2 Þ 21x = 180° Þ x = 8.57°.
So, 6 : 7 : 8 does not gives angles value in integer.
Triangles and its Properties
4. (b) 2ÐA = 3ÐB = 6ÐC = K
A K K K
1. (b) \ ÐA = , ÐB = , ÐC =
16 cm 2 3 6
12 cm
Sum of angles = 180°

B C K K K
4 cm D + + = 180° Þ K = 180°
2 3 6
As AD bisect ÐBAC
K K 4K 4
\ ÐA + ÐC = + = = ´ 180° = 120°
CD AB 2 6 6 6
\ =
BD AC 5. (d) Let length of right angled triangles are (x –2), x and
(x + 2).
CD 12
Þ = Then,
4 16
( x - 2)2 + x 2 = ( x + 2)2
12
\ CD = ´ 4 = 3 cm.
16 Þ 2x2 - 4x + 4 = x2 + 4x + 4
2. (a) Let DABC is an equilateral triangle of side S and Þ x2 - 8x = 0
AE ^ BC . Þ x=8
A Three sides are (8 – 2) = 6, 8 and (8 + 2) = 10.
Products = 6 × 8 × 10 = 480.
S 6. (d) Let a, b and c are three sides of right angle triangle,
such that
B C
D E a2 + b2 = c2
 EBD_7336
28 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

Again, from question, a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 8450 k2 + ak + b = 0 . . . (1)

Then, from two equations, k2 + ck + d = 0 . . . (2)
eqn (1) – eqn(2)
c 2 + c 2 = 8450
k (a – c) + b – d = 0
Þ c = 4225 = 65 units. k (a – c) = (d – b)
7. (b) As median divide the sides into two equal parts.
So, area of DAPB = Area of DAPC. (d - b)
k=
8. (a) DACB and DPCQ are right triangle. ( a - c)
A 12
11. (c) =x
6
7-
3
P 7-
5- x

12 12
x= =
6 30 - 6 x
C B 7- 7-
Q 32 - 7 x 32 - 7 x
5- x
2 2 2
\ AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 and PQ = PC + CQ
12 12(32 - 7 x )
Now, DACQ and DBCP is a right angle triangle. = =
194 - 43 x 192 - 42 x
-
32 7 x
AQ 2 = AC 2 + CQ 2 ...(I)
and BP 2 = BC 2 + PC 2 ...(II) 12(32 - 7 x) 12
= = =2
6(32 - 7 x) 6
AQ 2 + BP 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 + CQ 2 + PC 2 \ x=2
12. (c) Let number of boys and girls in the Class is 3x and x
= AB 2 + PQ 2
respectively
As point P and Q are not mid point of side AC and Total marks of the class = p.(3x + x) = 4xp
BC. Again total marks of the boys = 3x.(p + 1)
\ AB ¹ 2PQ. \ Total marks of the girls = 4xp – 3x(p + 1)
= x.p – 3x = (p – 3)x
9. (a) Let A should be add,
( p - 3) x
1 2x - 5 Hence, Average marks of the girls= = (p – 3)
+A= 2 x
( x - 2)( x - 4) ( x - 5x + 6)( x - 4) 13. (a) Let income of the A, B and C are 7x, 9x and 12x and
2x - 5 1 their expenditure are 8y, 9y and 15y respectively.
A= 2 - then, A’s Saving = 7x – 8y
( x - 5 x + 6)( x - 4) ( x - 2)( x - 4)
B’s Saving = 9x – 9y
2x - 5 1 C’s Saving = 12x – 15y
= -
2
( x - 3x - 2 x + 6)( x - 4) ( x - 2)( x - 4) According to the question,
2x - 5 1 7x
= - 7x – 8y =
( x - 3)( x - 2)( x - 4) ( x - 2)( x - 4) 4
2 x - 5 - ( x - 3) x-2 21x 21
= = = 8y Þ y = x
( x - 3)( x - 2)( x - 4) ( x - 3)( x - 2)( x - 4) 4 32
1 1 Now, A’s Ratio of saving of A, B and c
= = 2
( x - 3)( x - 4) x - 7 x + 12 7x æ 21 ö æ 21 ö
= : 9 ç x - x÷ : ç 12 x - 15. x÷
10. (b) x2 + ax + b = 0 4 è 32 ø è 32 ø
x2 + cx + d = 0 = 56 : 99 : 69
if (x – k) is the factor of Eqn (200 + 100)
14. (b) Speed of the train = = 30 m/sec
Then, putting x = k in the eqn 10
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 29

Quadrilateral and Polygon k2 = (x2 – 3x + 1)2

Taking square root on both sides.
1. (c) Interior angle of polygon of n sides k = x2 – 3x + 1
(n - 2) ´ p 1 1 1
=
n 7. (d) bc( a - b)( a - c) + ca(b - c )(b - a) + ab(c - a)(c - b)
Here, n = 5.
a(b - c) b(c - a )
(5 - 2)p 3p +
\ Interior angle = = . abc(a - b)(b - c)(a - c) abc(b - c)(b - a)(c - a)
5 5
c( a - b )
D +
2. (c) ab(a - b)(c - b)(c - a)
A -[a(b - c ) + b(c - a) + c(a - b)]
= =0
abc (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)
90°
90° 2 2+3 5
8. (d) = 0.667, = = 0.833 Difference = 0.167
B C 3 3+3 6
ÐB = 90° 3 3+ 3 6
= 0.74, = = 0.857 Difference = 0.117
From DABC , AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 4 4+3 7
Given that 4 4+3 7
= 0.8, = = 0.875 Difference = 0.075
5 5+ 3 8
AB 2 + BC 2 + CD 2 - AD 2 = 0
Þ AC 2 + CD 2 - AD 2 = 0 5 5+3 8
= 0.833, = = 0.889 Difference = 0.056
2 2 2 6 6+3 9
Þ AC + CD = AD
\ DACD, is a right angle triangle and ÐACD = 90°. 5
Hence, shows minimum change in its value
6
3. (c) A
R Circle
S
7
Q 1. (d) Let r =
2
2
B 22 æ 7 ö
D Then, Surface Area s = 4 ´ ´ ç ÷ = 154 unit
7 è 2ø
\ (1) is not correct.
C P
21
Again, when r =
As PQRS is also cyclic quadrilateral then, 2
ÐPQR + ÐRSP = 180° 4 22 æ 21ö
3
{Sum of opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral} Then volume = ´ ´ ç ÷ = 4851 unit
3 7 è 2ø
4. (c) Both (1) and (2) are correct. \ (2) is not correct.
Diagonals of trapezium divides each other 2. (d) As AB is the diameter of the circle in which DABC is
proportionally and any line parallel to the parallel sides inscribed.
of the trapezium divides the non-parallel sides
proportionally. A
5. (a) Sum of interior angles of polygon of n sides
= (n – 2) × 180°
Sum of exterior angles of any polygon = 360°
ATQ,
C B
(n - 2) ´180° = 2 ´ (360°)
\ (n - 2) = 4 Þ n = 6. So,
Hence, polygon is hexagon. DABC is a right angled triangle and ÐC = 90°
6. (a) k2 = x (x –1) (x – 2) (x – 3) Now, cos( A + B ) + sin( A + B )
k2 = x4 – 6x3 + 11x2 – 6x + 1
 EBD_7336
30 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

= cos(180° - C °) + sin(180° - C °) 1
= r 2 (q - sin q)
= - cos C ° + sin C ° 2
= - cos(90°) + sin(90°) = 0 + 1 = 1. 1 æ q qö
= r 2 ç q - 2 × sin × cos ÷
3. (a) 360° = 2pr (where r = radius) 2 è 2 2ø
42° 44 x y x y
Then, = 7. (c) + = a + b and 2 + 2 = 2
360° 2pr a b a b
44 ´ 360° Since there are 4 variables and 2 equations.
\r = = 60 m. So, we can suppose the value of two variables.
22
2 ´ ´ 42° Let a = b = 1
7
x y
4. (d) Number of solid lead ball of diameter 2mm \ + = a+b
a b
(80)3 x y
= = 512000. + = 1+ 1
(1)3 1 1
5. (b) As, AB and AC touches the circle at point M and N x+y=2
respectively. Þ x=y=1
A x y
And 2
+ =2
a b2
Be putting the values of a and b
x y
+ =2
M N 1 1
x+y=2
Þ x=y=1
O
x y
Putting the values of a, b, x and y in 2
-
a b2
1 1
B C = - =0
\ ÐAMO = ÐANO = 90° 1 1
Þ ÐA = 70° 8. (c) Statement 1 :
\ From AMON quadrilateral, xµz Þ x = kz . . . (1)
ÐA + ÐM + ÐO + ÐN = 360° yµz Þ y = mz . . . (2)
Þ 70° + 90° + ÐMON + 90° = 360° eqn (1)2 – eqn (2)2
\ ÐMON = 110°. x2 – y2 = k2z2 – m2z2
x2 – y2 = z2 (k2 – m2)
6. (b) A So, x2 – y2 µ z2 (correct)
Statement 2 :
r 1 k
xµ Þ x= . . . (1)
q z z
O r B
1 m
yµ Þ y= . . . (2)
z z
eqn(1) multiply by eqn(2)
km
xy = 2
Required area is the shaded portion z
= Area of sector ¼
AOB – Area of triangle AOB 1
So, xy µ 2 (Correct)
1 1 z
= × pr 2 × (q) - × AO × OB × sin(q) Therefore, Both the statement 1 and 2 are correct.
2p 2
1 1
= r 2 (q) - × r 2 × sin q
2 2
Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21 31

8. (c) Sum of all 5 observations = 5 × mean

9. (d) x+5 \ 5m = x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 + x + 8
2 3
x – 5x + 6 x – 19x + 30 5
3 2
\ m = ( x + 4) = x + 4.
x – 5x + 6x 5
– + – Now, mean of first three observation
2
5x – 25x + 30 x+ x+2+ x+4
2
= = x + 2 = m - 2.
5x – 25x + 30 3
9. (d) Given data, 2, 4, 6, .... 100.
(x + 5) (x2 – 5x + 6) = x3 – 19x + 30 Here, number of Data = 50
(x + 5) (x – 2) (x – 3) = x3 – 19x + 30 50 æ 50 ö
So, the HCF is (x – 2) (x – 3) + ç + 1÷
2 è 2 ø æ 25 th + 26 th ö
Median = =ç ÷ data
Statistics 2 è 2 ø
1. (a) Here out of fifteen, five students failed and got zero
50 + 52
marks. = = 51.
2
Now, arranging data in ascending order :
10. (d) From (A.M.) (H.M.) = (G.M.)2
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9 (A.M.) (10) = (12)2
Number of data = n = 15
144
th th \ A.M. = = 14.4
æ n + 1ö æ 15 + 1ö 10
Median marks = ç =ç = 8th = 6.
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø 11. (d) For the divisibility of 13
If for a given number, form alternating sums of blocks
2. (c) Arranging in ascending order :
of three numbers from the right and moving fowards
111, 141, 154, 175, 176, 180, 191 the left, then if the number formed by the alternative
th sum and difference of blocks of 3-3 digits from right
æ 7 + 1ö
Median yield = ç = 4 th data = 175 gm. to the left is divisible by 13 then number is divisible
è 2 ÷ø by 13.
3. (d) Mode is used to measure average size of the shoe 4, 132, 83P, 759, 387 ® 387 – 759 + 83P – 132 + 4
sold in the shop. Þ 391 + 83P – 891
Þ 83P – 500
4. (d) Height of a rectangle in histogram represent frequency
of the class. With the help of options, if we put P = 8.
5. (b) Mean age of the 7 member family Then, 838 – 500 = 338
Which is divisible by 13.
2 + 5 + 12 + 18 + 38 + 40 + 60
= = 25 years. So, value of P = 8.
7
12. (b) 21000000 = 2(999999 + 1) = (23)333333.21
New average when a new person of age x years added = (8)333333 × 2
into the family after 5 years = 25 + 1.5 = 26.5
8333333
So, age of new member (x), = ×2
7
26.5 × 8 – 25 × 7 = 2 years. When 8 is divided by 7
6. (c) Let number of boys and girls in the class are m and Then, Reminder = 1 [ Q 1n = 1]
(100 – m) respectively. 2
\ = Remainder is 2.
Then, 100 × 46 = 50m + 40 (100 – m) 7
Þ 600 = 10m Þ m = 60. x y
13. (a) + = 2,
\ Number of boys = m = 60 y x
Number of girls = n = 100 – 60 = 40. x2 + y2 = 2xy
Difference, m – n = 60 – 40 = 20. x2 + y2 – 2xy = 0
Sxi (x – y)2 = 0
7. (b) Mean (m) = x–y=0
n
x=y
S ( xi - m) but from the question x ¹ y
Sum of Deviation = = 0.
n So, there is no such pair.
 EBD_7336
32 Topicwise Solved Paper for CDS Mathematics 2020-21

14. (d) Prime numbers between 50 and 100 = 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 18. (a) Unit digit of the expression 6732 is the same as 732
73, 79, 83, 89, 97 Unit digit in the expressons is:
There are only 5 Pairs such that (m – n = 6) :
(59, 53), (67, 61), (73, 67), (79, 73) and (89, 83) é 71 = 7 ù
15. (a) Q an – bn = (a – b)n, where n is ê 2 ú
ê 73 = 9 ú
an odd number ê7 = 3 ú
\ 2727 – 1527 = (27 – 15)27 = 1227 ê 74 = 1 úû
ê 75 = 7
1227 ë 6
, Remainder is 0. 7 =9
6
16. (d) 1. a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) We can clearly see that after the set of 4, the unit
(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) digit is repeating.
if a + b + c = 0 So, unit digit in
Then, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc [Correct]
2. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) 732 = 74 = 1 (Q 32 is divisible by 4 completely)
if a + b + c = 0 \ Unit digit of 6732 = 1
Then, a2 + b2 + c2 = –2 (ab + bc + ca) [Correct]
3. (a + b + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 3 (a + b) (b + c) b + b 2 - 2bx
19. (c) =a
(c + a) b - b2 - 2bx
if a + b + c = 0 By Componendo and Dividendo :
Then, a3 + b3 + c3 = –3ab (a + b) [Correct]
2b a +1
So, 1, 2 and 3 all are correct. =
2 b 2 - 2bx a -1
3q + 2 + 3q - 2
17. (b) p = (a - 1)
3q + 2 - 3q - 2 b = b 2 - 2bx
(a + 1)
By componendo – Devidendo
Squaring on both sides :
p +1 3q + 2
= (a - 1) 2
p -1 3q - 2 b2 = b2 - 2bx
(a + 1)2
Squaring both sides, we get

æ p + 1ö
2
3q + 2 (a - 1)2
= b 2 - b2 = 2bx
èç p - 1 ø÷ 3q - 2 (a + 1) 2
Again, by componendo – Dividendo é (a - 1)2 ù
2 2 b 2 ê1 - 2ú
= 2bx
( p + 1) + ( p - 1) 3q ë (a + 1) û
2 2
=
( p + 1) - ( p - 1) 2
é 4a ù
bê 2ú
= 2x
p 2 + 1 3q ë (a + 1) û
=
2p 2
2ab
x=
p2 + 1 = 3pq (a + 1)2
Þ p2 – 3pq + 1 = 0
Hence, p2 – 3pq + 2 = 1
CHAPTER

1 Number System
1. By adding x to 1254934, the resulting number becomes
(c) is always a rational number
divisible by 11, while adding y to 1254934 makes the (d) is always an irrational number
resulting number divisible by 3. Which one of the 10. If the numbers q, q + 2 and q + 6 are all prime, then what
following is the set of values for x and y? [2007-I] can be the value of 3q + 9? [2009-II]
(a) x = 1, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = – 1 (a) Only 18 (b) Only 42
(c) x = – 1, y = 1 (d) x = – 1, y = – 1 (c) Only 60 (d) Both (b) and (c)
2. A ten-digit number is divisible by 4 as well as by 5. 11. Let p denotes the product 2 × 3 × 5 ... 59 × 61 of all primes
What could be the possible digit at the ten’s place in the from 2 to 61. Consider the sequence p + n (2 £ n £ 59).
given number? [2007-I] What is the number of primes in this sequence (where
(a) 0, 1, 2, 4 or 6 (b) 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 n is a natural number)? [2009-II]
(c) 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 (d) 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 (a) 0 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 58
3. What least number should be subtracted from 26492518, 12. A three-digit number has digits h, t, u (from left to right)
so that the resulting number is divisible by 3 but not by with h > u. If the digits are reversed and the number thus
9? [2007-I] formed is subtracted from the original number, the unit’s
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 7 digit in the resulting number is 4. What are the other two
4. Which one of the following numbers is a composite digits of the resulting number from left to right? [2009-II]
numbers? [2007-I] (a) 5 and 9 (b) 9 and 5
(a) 589 (b) 571 (c) 569 (d) 563 (c) 5 and 4 (d) 4 and 5
5. Which one of the following is correct ? 13. Assertion (A) : Zero is a whole number.
an + bn is divisible by a – b [2009-II] Reason (R) : Every integer is a whole number.
(a) for all integral values of n [2009-II]
(b) when n is an even integer (a) A and R are correct but R is correct explanation of A
(c) when n is an odd integer (b) A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation
(d) for no integral value of n of A
6. If x and y denote respectively, the area and the sum of (c) A is correct but R is wrong
the length of diagonals of a rectangle with length 1 unit (d) A is wrong but R is correct
1 14. One dividing 4996 by a certain number, the quotient is 62
and breadth unit, then which one on the following is
2 and the remainder is 36. What is the divisor? [2009-II]
correct? [2009-II] (a) 80 (b) 85 (c) 90 (d) 95
(a) x and y are rational 15. Which of the following numbers is a prime?[2009-II]
(b) x is rational and y is irrational (a) 667 (b) 861 (c) 481 (d) 331
(c) x is irrational and y is rational 16. A number, when divided by 987, gives a remainder 59.
(d) x and y are both irrational When the same number is divided by 21, what is the
7. In a divisible operation, the division is 5 times the remainder? [2009-II]
quotient and twice the remainder. If the remainder is 15, (a) 21 (b) 19 (c) 17 (d) 15
then what is the dividend? [2009-II] 17. Which one of the following statements is always
(a) 175 (b) 185 (c) 195 (d) 250 correct? [2009-II]
8. Which one of the following is correct? (a) The square of a prime number is prime
The number 222222 is [2009-II] (b) The sum of two square numbers is a square number
(a) divisible by 3 but not divisible by 7
(c) The number of digits in a square number is even
(b) divisible by 3 and 7 but not divisible by 11
(d) The product of two square numbers is square number
(c) divisible by 2 and 7 but not divisible by 11
18. The set of integers is closed with respect to which one
(d) divisible by 3, 7 and 11
of the following ? [2009-II]
9. Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Addition only
The sum of two irrational numbers [2009-II]
(b) Multiplication only
(a) is always a natural or irrational
(c) Both addition and multiplication
(b) may be rational or irrational
(d) Division
 EBD_7336
M- 2 Number System

19. What least value must be given to *, so that the number 32. When a polynomial is divided by a linear polynomial,
8798546*5 is divisible by 11? [2009-II] then what is the remainder? [2009-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (a) Constant polynomial only
20. What is the sum of all prime numbers between 100 and (b) Zero polynomial only
120? [2009-I] (c) Either constant or zero polynomial
(a) 652 (b) 650 (c) 644 (d) 533 (d) Linear polynomial
21. What is the sum of positive integers less than 100 33. The remainder on dividing given integers a and b by 7
are, respectively 5 and 4. What is the remainder when
which leave a remainder 1 when divided by 3 and leave
ab is divided by 7? [2010-I]
a remainder 2 when divided by 4? [2009-II]
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) 416 (b) 620 (c) 1250 (d) 1314
34. If r and s are any real numbers such that 0 £ s £ 1 and
22. What is the total number of three digit three digit numbers
r + s = 1, then what is the maximum value of their
with unit digit 7 and divisible by 11? [2009-II]
product? [2010-I]
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9 3 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
23. If we divide a positive integer by another positive 4 2 4
integer, what is the resulting number? [2009-II] 35. Which one of the following numbers is not a square of
(a) It is always a natural number any natural numbers ? [2010-I]
(b) It is always an integer (a) 5041 (b) 9852 (c) 1936 (d) 6241
(c) It is a rational number 36. A three-digit number is divisible by 11 and has its digit
(d) It is an irrational number in the unit’s place equal to 1. The number is 297 more
24. The product of two alternate odd integers exceeds three than the number obtained by reversing the digits. What
times the smaller by 12. What is the larger number? is the number ? [2010-I]
(a) 121 (b) 231 (c) 561 (d) 451
[2009-II]
37. Consider the following assumption and two statements:
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
Assumption: A number, ‘ABCDE’ is divisible by 11.
25. Consider the following statements: Statement I: E – D + C – B + A is divisible by 11.
A number a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 is divisible by 9, if Statement II: E – D + C – B + A = 0
I. a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 is divisible by 9. Which one of the following is correct ? [2010-I]
II. a1 – a2 + a3 – a4 + a5 is divisible by 9. (a) Only statement I can be drawn from the assumption
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2009-II] (b) Only statement II can be drawn from the assumption
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Both the statements can be drawn from the
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II assumption
26. What is the last digit in the expansion of (2457)754? (d) Neither of the statements can be drawn from the
[2009-II] assumption
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 38. What can be said about the expansion of 212n – 64n,
27. When a natural number n is divided by 4, the remainder where n is positive integer ? [2010-I]
is 3. What is the remainder when 2n is divided by 4? (a) Last digit is 4 (b) Last digit is 8
[2009-II] (c) Last digit is 2 (d) Last two digit are zero
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6 39. What is the value of x for which x, x + 1, x + 3 are all
28. There are four numbers forming a GP in which the third prime numbers? [2010-II]
term is greater than the first by 9 and the second term (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 101
is greater than the fourth by 18. What is the first term? 40. What is the last digit in the expansion of 34798 ?
[2009-II] [2010-II]
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) – 2 (d) – 3 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9
29. The angles of a triangle are in AP and the greatest angle
41. If k is any even positive integer, then (k2 + 2k) is
is double the least. What is the ratio of angles in the
radian measure? [2009-II] [2010-II]
(a) 2 : 3 : 4 (b) 1 : 2 : 3 (a) divisible by 24
(c) 3 : 3 : 6 (d) 4 : 5 : 7 (b) divisible by 8 but may not be divisible by 24
30. If p is an integer, then every square integer is of the (c) divisible by 4 but may not be divisible by 8
form [2009-II] (d) divisible by 2 but may not be divisible by 4
(a) 2p or (4p – 1) (b) 4p or (4p – 1) 42. If n is a positive integer, then what is the digit in the
(c) 3p or (3p + 1) (d) 4p or (4p + 1) unit place of 32n + 1 + 22n + 1 ? [2010-II]
31. What least value must be given to Ä, so that the (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
number 84705Ä2 is divisible by 9? [2009-II] 43. If the 14th term of an arithmetic series is 6 and 6th term
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 is 14, then what is the 95th term? [2010-II]
(a) – 75 (b) 75 (c) 80 (d) – 80
Number System M- 3

44. The product of a rational number and an irrational 56. Which among the following is the largest four digit
number is [2010-II] number that is divisible by 88 ? [2011-II]
(a) a natural number (b) an irrational number (a) 9988 (b) 9966 (c) 9944 (d) 8888
(c) a composite number (d) a rational number 57. Which one of the following is a prime number? [2011-II]
45. For a positive integer n, define d (n) = The number of (a) 161 (b) 171 (c) 173 (d) 221
positive divisors of n. What is the value of d [d {d 58. Consider the following statements:
(12)}]? [2011-I] I. The product of any three consecutive integers is
divisible by 6.
(a) 1 (b) 2
II. Any integer can be expressed in one of the three
(c) 4 (d) None of these
forms 3k, 3k + 1, 3k + 2, where k is an integer.
46. The number 2784936 is divisible by which one of the Which of the above statements is/are correct ?[2011-II]
follwing numbers ? [2011-I] (a) Only I (b) Only II
(a) 86 (b) 87 (c) 88 (d) 89 (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
47. Consider the following numbers: 59. Consider the following statements:
I. 247 II. 203 I. Every composite number is a natural number.
Which of the above numbers is/are prime ? [2011-I] II. Every whole number is a natural number.
(a) Only I (b) Only II Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II [2012-I]
48. Which one of the following three-digit numbers divides (a) Only I (b) Only II
9238 and 7091 with the same remainder in each case ? (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
[2011-I] 60. If a positive integer leaves remainder 28 when divided
(a) 113 (b) 209 (c) 317 (d) 191 by 143, then what is the remainder obtained on dividing
49. When a positive integer n is divided by 5, the remainder the same number by 13 ? [2012-I]
is 2. What is the remainder when the number 3n is (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 9 (d) 10
divided by 5 ? [2011-I] 61. How many numbers between – 11 and 11 are multiples
of 2 or 3 ? [2012-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 11 (b) 14
50. Consider the following statements:
(c) 15 (d) None of these
If p is a prime such that p + 2 is also a prime, then
62. What number should be added to 231228 to make it
I. p (p + 2) + 1 is a perfect square.
II. 12 is a divisor of p + (p + 2), if p > 3. exactly divisible by 33 ? [2012-I]
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2011-I] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) Only I (b) Only II 63. How many rational numbers are there between 1 and
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 1000? [2012-I]
51. If three sides of a right angled triangle are integers in (a) 998 (b) 999
their lowest form, then one of its sides is always (c) 1000 (d) Infinite
divisible by [2011-I] 64. The pair of numbers which are relatively prime to each
(a) 6 (b) 5 other is [2012-I]
(c) 7 (d) None of these (a) (68, 85) (b) (65, 91)
52. What is the number of prime factors of 30030?[2011-I] (c) (92, 85) (d) (102, 153)
(a) 4 (b) 5 65. The number 58129745812974 is divided by [2012-I]
(c) 6 (d) None of these (a) 11 (b) 8
53. ABC is a triangle and AD is perpendicular to BC. It is (c) 4 (d) None of these
given that the lenghts of AB, BC, CA are all rational 66. Consider the following statements:
numbers. Which one of the following is correct? [2011-I] I. If n is a prime number greater than 5, then n4 – 1
(a) AD and BD must be rational is divisible by 2400.
(b) AD must be rational but BD need not be rational II. Every square number is of the form 5n, (5n – 1) or
(c) BD must be rational but AD need not be rational (5n + 1), where n is a whole number.
(d) Neither AD nor BD need be rational Which of the above statements is/are correct?[2012-II]
(a) Only I (b) Only II
54. If n is a natural number, then n is [2011-II]
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) always a natural number 67. If the sum of an integer and its reciprocal is 10/3, then
(b) always a rational number
the integer is equal to [2012-II]
(c) always an irrational number
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 13
(d) either a natural number or an irrational number
68. Which one of the following is neither prime number nor
55. The largest integer that divides product of any four
composite number ? [2012-II]
consecutive integers is [2011-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 24
(c) 3 (d) None of these
 EBD_7336
M- 4 Number System

69. Which one of the following has least number of 80. What is the last digit in 7402 + 3402 ? [2013-II]
divisors? [2012-II] (a) 0 (b) 4
(a) 88 (b) 91 (c) 96 (d) 99 (c) 8 (d) None of the above
70. Consider the following statements: 81. What is 262 + 972 equal to ? [2013-II]
I. Every integer is a rational number. (a) 272 + 932 (b) 342 + 932
II. Every rational number is a real number. (c) 822 + 412 (d) 792 + 622
Which of the above sttemetns is/are correct?[2012-II] 82. Every prime number of the form 3k + 1 can be
(a) Only I (b) Only II represented in the form 6m + 1 (where, k and m are
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II integers), when [2013-II]
71. What is the harmonic mean of 10, 20, 25, 40 and 50? (a) k is odd
[2012-II] (b) k is even
(a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 26.1 (d) 21.3 (c) k can be both odd and even
72. The two digit number, which when divided by sum of (d) No such form is possible
the digit and product of the digits, respectively. The 83. If k is a positive integer, then every square integer is of
remainder is same and the differnce of quotients is one, the form [2013-II]
is [2013-I] (a) only 4k (b) 4k or 4k + 3
(a) 14 (b) 23 (c) 32 (d) 41 (c) 4k + 1 or 4k + 3 (d) 4k or 4k + 1
73. Which one of the following numbers is divisible by 11? 84. If b is the largest square divisor of c and a2 divides c,
[2013-I] then which one of the following is correct (where a, b
(a) 45678940 (b) 54857266 and c are integers) ? [2013-II]
(c) 87524398 (d) 93455120 (a) b divides a (b) a does not divide b
74. If N, (N + 2) and (N + 4) are prime number, then the (c) a divided b (d) a and b are coprime
number of possible solution for N are [2013-I] 85. 195 + 215 is divisible by [2013-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) Only 10 (b) Only 20
(c) 3 (d) None of these
(c) Both 10 and 20 (d) Neither 10 nor 20
75. The smallest positive prime (say p) such that 2p – 1 is
86. Consider the following statements:
not a prime is [2013-I]
(a) 5 (b) 11 (c) 17 (d) 29 I. 7710312401 is divisible by 11.
76. Consider the following statements: II. 173 is a prime number.
(I) There is a finite number of rational numbers Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
between any two rational numbers. [2013-II]
(II) There is an infinite number of rational numbers (a) Only I (b) Only II
between any two rational numbers. (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(III) There is a finite number of irrational numbers 87. Consider the following statements:
between any two rational numbers.
I. To obtain prime numbers less than 121, we have to
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2013-I]
reject all the multiples of 2, 3, 5 and 7.
(a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Only III (d) Both I and II II. Every composite number less than 121 is divisible
by a prime number less than 11.
77. If m and n are natural number, then m n is [2013-II] Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) always irrational [2013-II]
(b) irrational unless n is the mth power of an integer
(a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) irrational unless m is the nth power of an integer
(d) irrational unless m and n are coprime (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
78. If x is positive even integer and y is negative odd 88. Consider the following statements:
integer, then xy is [2013-II] I. No integer of the form 4k + 3, where k is an integer,
(a) odd integer (b) even integer can be expressed as the sum of two squares.
(c) rational number (d) None of these II. Square of an odd integer can expressed in the form
1 3 8k + 1, where k is an integer.
79. The pair of rational number that lies between and Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2014-I]
4 4
is [2013-II] (a) Only I (b) Only II
262 752 24 78 (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) , (b) , 89. If n is a whole number greater than 1, then n2 (n2 – 1)
1000 1000 100 100
is always divisible by [2014-I]
9 31 252 748 (a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 48 (d) 60
(c) , (d) ,
40 40 1000 1000
Number System M- 5

90. What is the remainder when 41000 is divided by 7? 5 + 10

[2014-I] 102. What is equal to? [2015-I]
5 5 - 2 20 - 32 + 50
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) None of these (a) 5 (b) 5 2 (c) 5 5 (d) 5
91. 710 – 510 is divisible by [2014-II] 103. The digit in the units place of the product 81 × 82 × 83
(a) 10 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 11 × 84 × ... × 99 is [2015-I]
92. The multiplication of a three–digits number XY5, with (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
digit Z yields X 215. What is X + Y + Z equal to ? 104. A student was asked to multiply a number by 25. He
[2014-II] instead multiplied the number by 52 and got the answer
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 18 324 more than the correct answer. The number to be
93. If N2 – 33, N2 – 31 and N2 – 29 are prime numbers, then multiplied was [2015-I]
what is the number of possible values of N, where N is (a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 32
an integer ? [2014-II] 105. What is the number of possible pairs of (P, Q) if the number
(a) 1 (b) 2 357P25Q is divisible by both 3 and 5? [2015-I]
(c) 6 (d) None of these (a) 7 (b) 6
94. How many pairs of positive integers m and n satisfy the (c) 5 (d) None of the above
106. The difference between the squaresof two consecutive odd
1 4 1
equation + = , where n is an odd integer less integers is always divisible by [2015-I]
m n 12 (a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 16
than 60 ? [2014-II] 107. What is the maximum value of m if the number
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3 N = 35 × 45 × 55 × 60 × 124 × 75 is divisible by 5m?
95. Consider all those two-digits positive integers less than [2015-I]
50, which when divided by 4 yield unity as remainder. (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
What is their sum ? [2014-II] 108. A person goes to a market between 4 p.m. and 5 p.m.
(a) 310 (b) 314 (c) 218 (d) 323 When he comes back, he finds that the hour hand and
96. How many pairs of X and Y are possible in the number minute hand have interchanged their positions. For how
763X4Y2, if the number is divisible by 9? [2014-II] much time (approximately) was he out of his house?
[2015-I]
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
(a) 55.25 minutes (b) 55.30 minutes
97. What is the remainder when 41012 is divided by 7?
(c) 55.34 minutes (d) 55.38 minutes
[2014-II]
2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 109. When a ball bounces, it rises to of the height from
3
98. What is the remainder when (1723 + 2323 + 2923) is which it fell. If the ball is dropped from a height of 36 m,
divided by 23 ? [2014-II] how high will it rise at the third bounce? [2015-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
1 2 1 2
99. p,q and r are prime numbers such that p < q < r < 13. (a) 10 m (b) 10 m (c) 12 m (d) 12 m
In how many cases would (p + q + r) also be a prime 3 3 3 3
110. A light was seen regularly at an interval of 13 seconds. It
number ? [2014-II]
was seen for the first time at 1 hour 54 minutes 50 seconds
(a) 1 (b) 2
(a.m.) and the last time at 3 hours 17 minutes 49 seconds
(c) 3 (d) None of these
(a.m.). How many times was the light seen? [2015-I]
100. What is the number of divisors of 360 ? [2014-II]
(a) 375 (b) 378 (c) 383 (d) 384
(a) 12 (b) 18
(c) 24 (d) None do these 111. If n is a natural number and n = p1x1 p2x2 p3x3 , where p1, p2,
p3 are distinct prime factors, then the number of prime
101. If 37 1 [2015-I]
= 2+ factors for n is [2015-I]
13 1
x+ (a) x1 + x2 + x3 (b) xlx2x3
1
y+ (c) (x1 + 1) (x2 + 1) (x3 +1) (d) None of the above
z 112. Consider the following statements for the sequence of
where x, y, z are natural numbers, then what is z equal to? numbers given below : [2015-I]
(a) 1 11, 111, 1111, 11111, ...
1. Each number can be expressed in the form (4m + 3),
(b) 2
where m is a natural number.
(c) 3
2. Some numbers are squares.
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data
 EBD_7336
M- 6 Number System

Which of the above statements is/are correct? 125. A number consists of two digits, whose sum is 7. If the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only digits are reversed, the number is increased by 27. The
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 product of digits of the number is [2015-II]
113. Consider the following statements : [2015-I] (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12
1. There exists only one prime number p such that 126. Consider all positive two digit numbers each of which
(17p + 1) is a square. when divided by 7 leaves a remainder 3. What is their
2. If x is the product of 10 consecutive prime numbers sum? [2015-II]
starting from 2, then (x + 1) is also a prime number. (a) 661 (b) 666 (c) 676 (d) 777
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 127. Consider the following statements in respect of the
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only expression [2016-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 n(n + 1)
Sn =
114. Out of 532 saving accounts held in a post office, 218 2
accounts have deposits over ` 10,000 each. Further, in 302 where n is an integer.
accounts, the first or sole depositors are men, of which the 1. There are exactly two values of n for which Sn = 861.
deposits exceed ` 10,000 in 102 accounts. In how many 2. Sn = S(n + 1) and hence for any integer m, we have
accounts the first or sole depositors are women and the two values of n for which Sn = m.
deposits are up to ` 10,000 only? [2015-I] Which of the above statement is/are correct?
(a) 116 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 114 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 100 128. Consider the following statements in respect of two
(d) Cannot be determined from the given data different non-zero integers p and q [2016-I]
115. If x + y + z = 0 1. For (p + q) to be less than (p – q), q must be negative.
then x3 + y3 + z3 + 3xyz is equal to [2015-I] 2. For (p + q) to be greater than (p – q), both p and q
(a) 0 (b) 6 xyz (c) 12 xyz (d) xyz must be positive.
116. The last digit in the expansion of 17256 is [2015-I] Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) 3 (d) 1 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
117. What is the remainder obtained [2015-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
when 1421 × 1423 × 1425 is divided by 12? 129. 710 – 510 is divisible by [2016-I]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 11
118. What is the remainder when 496 is divided by 6?[2015-I] 130. Let a two-digit number be k times the sum of its digits. If
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 the number formed by interchanging the digits is m times
100 the sum of the digits, then the value of m is [2016-I]
119. The number of values of x satisfying x + > 50 , where (a) 9 – k (b) 10 – k (c) 11 – k (d) k – 1
x
131. Let S be a set of first fourteen natural numbers. The possible
x is a natural number less than or equal to l00 is [2015-II] number of pairs (a, b), where a, b, S and a, b such that ab
(a) 51 (b) 53 (c) 55 (d) 57 leaves remainder 1 when divided by 15, is [2016-I]
120. The largest natural number which divides every natural
(a) 3 (b) 5
number of the form (n 3 – n)(n – 2), where n is a natural
(c) 6 (d) None of the above
number greater than 2 is [2015-II]
132. A clock strickes once at 1 o’clock, twice at 2 o’clock and
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 48
thrice at 3 o’clock and so on. If it takes 8 seconds to strike
121. The digit in the units place of the resulting number of the
at 5 o’clock, the time taken by it to strike at 10 o’clock is
expression (234)100 + (234)101 is [2015-II]
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0 [2016-I]
122. The seven digit number 876p37q is divisible by 225. The (a) 14 seconds (b) 16 seconds
values of p and q can be respectively [2015-II] (c) 18 seconds (d) None of the above
(a) 9, 0 (b) 0, 0 (c) 0, 5 (d) 9, 5 133. What is the maximum value of m, if the number N = 90 × 42
123. Let x and y be positive integers such that x > y. The × 324 × 55 is divisible by 3m? [2016-I]
expressions 3x + 2y and 2x + 3y when divided by 5 leave (a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 5
remainders 2 and 3 respectively. What is the remainder 134. Consider the following statements: [2016-I]
when (x – y) is divided by 5? [2015-II] 1. Every natural number is a real number.
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (b) Every real number is a rational number.
124. The sum of first 47 terms of the series (c) Every integer is a real number.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (d) Every rational number is a real number
+ - - - + + + - ..... is [2015-II] Which of the above statements are correct?
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
1 1 9 (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(a) 0 (b) - (c) (d) (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 3 and 4 only
6 6 20
Number System M- 7

135. Consider the following statements: [2016-I] 145. The number of prime numbers which are less than 100 is
1. There exists a positive real number m such that cos [2017-I]
x = 2m + 1. (a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (d) 27
2. mn ³ m + n for all m, n belonging to set of natural 146. Consider the following statements : [2017-I]
numbers. 1. Of two consecutive integers, one is. even.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2. Square of an odd integer is of the form 8n + 1.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
136. A person goes to a market between 4 p.m and 5 p.m. When (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
he comes back, he finds that the hour hand and the minute 147. (NP–1 – 1) is a multiple of p, if N is prime to p and p is a
hand of the clock have interchanged their positions. For [2017-I]
how much time (approximately) was he out of his house? (a) Prime number (b) Rational number
[2016-I] (c) Real number (d) Composite number
(a) 55.38 minutes (b) 55.48 minutes 148. Three numbers which are co-prime to each other, are such
(c) 55.57 minutes (d) 55.67 minutes that the product of the first two is 286 and that of the last
137. If m and n are distinct natural numbers, then which of the two is 770. What is the sum of the three numbers?
following is/are integer/integers? [2016-I] [2018-1]
m n (a) 85 (b) 80 (c) 75 (d) 70
1. +
n m 149. All odd prime numbers upto 110 are multiplied together.
æm nö 2 2 What is the unit digit in this product. [2018-1]
2. mn çè + ÷ø (m + n ) (a) 0 (b) 3
n m
mn (c) 5 (d) None of the above
3. 150. The highest four-digit number which is divisible by each
m + n2
2
of the numbers 16, 36, 45, 48 is [2018-II]
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 9180 (b) 9360 (c) 9630 (d) 9840
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
151. How many five-digit numbers of the form XXYXX is/are
138. Outside a meeting room, Madhukar was told by a person
divisible by 33? [2018-II]
that each meeting takes place after 13/4 hours. The last
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) Infinite
meeting has been over just 45 minutes ago and the next
152. A five-digit number XY235 is divisible by 3 where X and
meeting will take place at 2 p.m. At what time did Madhukar
Y are digits satisfying X + Y < 5. What is the number of
receive this information? [2016-I]
(a) 10 : 20 a.m. (b) 11 : 30 a.m. possible pairs of values of (X, Y)? [2018-II]
(c) 11 : 40 a.m. (d) 11 : 50 a.m. (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
153. The number of divisors of the number 38808, exclusive of
x 10 y the divisors 1 and itself is [2018-II]
139. If = – and x – y = 8, then the value of xy is
y 3 x (a) 74 (b) 72 (c) 70 (d) 68
154. Consider the following statements in respect of three 3-
equal to [2016-I]
digit numbers XYZ, YZX and ZXY : [2018-II]
(a) 36 (b) 24 (c) 16 (d) 9
1. The sum of the numbers is not divisible by (X + Y + Z).
140. What would be the maximum value of Q in the equation
2. The sum of the numbers is divisible by 111.
5P9 + 3R7 + 2Q8 = 1114 ? [2016-II]
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 4 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
141. In an examination, a student was asked to divide a certain (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
number by 8. By mistake he multiplied it by 8 and got the (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
answer 2016 more than the correct answer. What was the 155. The sum of all possible products taken two at a time out
number? [2016-II] of the numbers ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4 is [2018-II]
(a) 252 (b) 256 (c) 258 (d) 260 (a) 0 (b) –30 (c) 30 (d) 55
142. A boy saves `4.65 daily. What is the least number of days in 156. What is the remainder when (1729 + 1929) is divided by 18?
which he will be able to save an exact number of rupees ? [2019-I]
[2016-II] (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) 25 157. What is the largest value of n such that 10n divides the
143. What is the unit digit of 7139 ? [2016-II] product
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 3 25 ´ 33 ´ 48 ´ 53 ´ 67 ´ 76 ´ 812 ´ 99 ´
144. What is the remainder when the number (4444)4444 is 106 ´ 1512 ´ 2014 ´ 2211 ´ 2515 ?
divided by 9 ? [2017-I] [2019-I]
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 50 (d) 45
 EBD_7336
M- 8 Number System

158. How many pairs (A, B) are possible in the number 169. What is the digit in the unit’s place of the number
479865AB if the number is divisible by 9 and it is given represented by 398 - 389 ? [2019-II]
that the last digit of the number is odd ? [2019-I] (a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 9
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 11 170. The sum of the squares of four consecutive natural
159. Consider the multiplication 999 ´ abc = def 132 in decimal numbers is 294. What is the sum of the numbers ?
notation, where a, b, c, d, e and f are digits. What are the [2019-II]
values of a, b, c, d, e and f respectively ? [2019-I] (a) 38 (b) 34 (c) 30 (d) 26
(a) 6, 6, 8, 6, 8, 7 (b) 8, 6, 8, 6, 7, 8 171. How many pairs of natural numbers are there such that
(c) 6, 8, 8, 7, 8, 6 (d) 8, 6, 8, 8, 6, 7 the difference of their squares is 35? [2019-II]
160. Which of the following statements is not true? [2019-I] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) The difference of two prime numbers, both greater 172. Which one of the following is not correct? [2019-II]
than 2, is divisible by 2. (a) 1 is neither prime nor composite.
(b) For two different integers m, n and a prime number p, if p (b) 0 is neither positive nor negative.
divides the product m ´ n, then p divides either m or n. (c) If p ´ q is even, then p and q are always even
(c) If a number is of the form 6n – 1 (n being a natural
(d) 2 is an irrational number
number), then it is a prime number.
173. Consider the following statements: [2019-II]
(d) There is only one set of three prime numbers such
1. If p is relatively prime to each of q and r, then p is
that there is a gap of 2 between two adjacent prime
relatively prime to the product qr.
numbers.
161. The sum of three prime numbers is 100. If one of them 2. If p divides the product qr and if p divides q, then p
exceeds another by 36, then one of the numbers is must divide r.
[2019-I] Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
(a) 17 (b) 29 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 43 (d) None of the above (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
162. What is the unit place digit in the expansion of 773 ? 174. A person carries `500 and wants to buy apples and oranges
[2019-I] out of it. If the cost of one apple is `5 and the cost of one
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9 orange is `7, then what is the number of ways in which a
163. Consider the following statements in respect of two person can buy both apples and oranges using total amount?
integers p and q (both > 1) which are relatively prime : [2019-II]
[2019-I] (a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 17
1. Both p and q may be prime numbers. 175. Let x be the smallest positive integer such that when 14
2. Both p and q may be composite numbers. divides x, the remainder is 7; and when 15 divides x, the
3. One of p and q may be prime and the other composite. remainder is 5. Which one of the following is correct ?
Which of the above statements are correct ? [2019-II]
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) 20 < x < 30 (b) 30 < x < 40
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 40 < x < 50 (d) x > 50
164. The inequality 3N > N3 holds when [2019-I] 176. Consider the following statements : [2019-II]
(a) N is any natural number
(b) N is a natural number greater than 2 1. 75 is a rational number.
(c) N is a natural number greater than 3 2. There exists at least a positive integer x such that
(d) N is a natural number except 3 4x 7
165. Which one of the following is an irrational number ? - <- .
5 8
[2019-I]
231 x-2
(a) 59049 (b) 3. < 1 for all real values of x.
593 x
(c) 0. 45454545... (d) 0.12112211122211112222... p
166. The number 3521 is divided by 8. What is the remainder ? 4. 4. 232323..... can be expressed in the form where
q
[2019-I]
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 9 p and q are integers.
167. A prime number contains the digit X at unit’s place. How Which of the above statements are correct ?
many such digits of X are possible ? [2019-I] (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 177. Consider the following statements : [2019-II]
168. if 10n divides 623 ´ 759 ´ 1052, then what is the largest 1. Unit digit in 17174 is 7.
value of n ? [2019-II] 2. Difference of the squares of any two odd numbers is
(a) 20 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 28 always divisible by 8.
Number System M- 9

3. Adding 1 to the product of two consecutive odd 184. A number divides 12288, 28200 and 44333 so as to leave
numbers makes it a perfect square. the same remainder in each case. What is that number ?
Which of the above statements arc correct ? [2020-I]
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only (a) 272 (b) 232 (c) 221 (d) 120
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
185. If the points P and Q represent real numbers 0.73 and
178. When N is divided by 17, the quotient is equal to 182. The
difference between the quotient and the remainder is 175. 0.56 on the number line, then what is the distance
What is the value of N ? [2019-II] between P and Q ? [2020-I]
(a) 2975 (b) 3094 (c) 3101 (d) 3269 1 1 16 11
179. The number 2 ´ 3 ´ 5 ´ 7 ´ 11 + 1 [2020-I] (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 5 45 90
(a) a prime number
186. The number of three digit numbers (all digits are different)
(b) not a prime, but power of a prime
which are divisible by 7 and also divisible by 7 on reversing
(c) not a power of a prime, but a composite even number
the order of the digits, is [2020-I]
(d) not a power of a prime, but a composite odd number
(a) Six (b) Five (c) Four (d) Three
180. If the sum of the digits of a number 10n – 1, where n is a
natural number, is equal to 3798, then what is the value of 187. Let XYZ be a 3-digit number. Let S = XYZ + YZX + ZXY.
n? [2020-I] Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(a) 421 (b) 422 (c) 423 (d) 424 [2020-I]
181. If m is the number of prime numbers between 0 and 50; 1. S is always divisible by 3 and (X + Y + Z)
and n is the number of prime numbers between 50 and 2. S is always divisible by 9
100, then what is (m – n) equal to ? [2020-I] 3. S is always divisible by 37
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 Select the correct answer using the code given below:
182. Which one of the following is the largest divisor of (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3
3x + 3x+1 + 3x+2, if x is any natural number? [2020-I]
188. For two observations, the sum is S and product is
(a) 3 (b) 13 (c) 39 (d) 117
P. What is the harmonic mean of these two observations ?
183. A two-digit number is 9 more than four times of the number
[2020-I]
obtained by interchanging its digits. If the product of
digits in the two-digit number is 8, then what is the 2S S 2P P
(a) (b) (c) (d)
number? [2020-I] P (2 P ) S (2S )
(a) 81 (b) 42 (c) 24 (d) 18

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Difference = Sum of digit at odd place – Sum of digit When we subtract 4 from 37 then number must be
at even place divisible by 3.
= (1 + 5 + 9 + 4) – (2 + 4 + 3) = 19 – 9 = 10 4. (a) Here (24)2 < 589
In 10, we must add at least 1 so that it is divisible by 11. So, prime numbers less than 24 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,
So x = 1 19, 23.
Also, the sum of digits of 1254934 Since, 589 is divisible by 19, then 589 is a composite
= 1 + 2 + 5 + 4 + 9 + 3 + 4 = 28 number.
1254934 will be divisible by 3, after adding y, if the 5. (d) A number of the form an + bn then it is divisible by (a
value of y is – 1. + b), if only n is odd number. So that an + bn is not
So, x = 1 and y = – 1 is the set of values for x and y. divisible by integral value of n.
2. (d) For divisible by 5: 6. (b) 1 unit
D C
A number is divisible by 5 then its unit place must be
d2 d1
0 or 5. 1 unit
For divisible by 4: Rectangle 2
The last two digit of a number is divisible by 4, then
the number is divisible by 4.
A B
Possible digit at ten’s place = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.
3. (c) Sum of all the digits in the number (26492518) 1 1
Area = x = 1´ = = Rational
= 2 + 6 + 4 + 9 + 2 + 5 + 1 + 8 = 37 2 2
 EBD_7336
M-10 Number System

\ Required number = (h × 100 + t × 10 + u)

5
d1 = d2 = 12 + (1/ 2)2 = – (u × 100 + t × 10 + h) = 99 (h – u)
2
But the unit’s place digit in above number is 4,
5 5 therefore (h – u) should be 6, then number is 594.
\ y = d1 + d2 = +
2 2 Whose digits are 5, 9, 4 respectively.
2 5 13. (c) Zero is a whole number and every integer is not a
= = 5 = Irrational whole number, because negative integers are not
2
7. (c) Dividend = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder whole numbers.
According to the question Therefore, A is correct and R is wrong.
D = 5Q and D = 2R 14. (a) Let the divisor be x.
But R = 15, D = 30, So, Divided = Quotient × Divisor + Remainder
5Q = 30, Q = 6. Dividend = 4996
Dividend = DQ + R = 30 × 6 + 15 = 195 Quotient = 62 and remainder = 36
8. (d) Given number is 222222. \ 4996 = 62 × x + 36
Sum of digits = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12 which is Þ 62x = 4996 – 36
divisible by 3.
So, number is also divisible by 3. 4990
Þ x= = 80
Sum of odd terms of digits – Sum of even terms of 62
digits = 6 – 6 = 0, it is divisible by 11. 15. (d) 667, 861, 481 is divided by 23, 21, 13 respectively.
In a number a digit repeated six times, then this But 331 is not divisible by any other numbers so 331
number is divisible by 7, 11 and 13. is a prime number.
Hence, the given number is divisible by 3, 7 and 11 16. (c) Number = 987 × k + 59
9. (b) Let two rational numbers be 3 and 2. Now, 987 is completely divided by 21.
Then, ( 3 + 2) is an irrational number.. 2
21 59
Let two rational numbers be 3 - 2, 2 . 42
\ (3 - 2) + 2 = 3 (rational) 17
Therefore, sum of two irrational numbers may be Now, 17 is remainder.
rational or irrational. 17. (d) It is always correct that the product of two square
10. (d) By considering every option numbers is a square number.
(a) 3q + 9 = 18 Þ q = 3 e.g., 4 × 9 = 36
Then, numbers are 3, 5 and 9, which are not all prime. 18. (c) The set of integers is closed with respect of addition
(b) 3q + 9 = 42 Þ q = 11 and multiplication.
Then, numbers are 11, 13, 17, which are all prime. e.g., Let Z = {..., – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}
(c) 3q + 9 = 60 Þ q = 17 1 + 2 = 3 and 2 + 1 = 3 (for addition)
Then, numbers are 17, 19 and 23 which are all prime. 1 × 2 = 2 and 2 × 1 = 2 (for multiplication)
Hence, option (d) is correct. 19. (d) N=8798546*5
11. (a) Given, p = 2 × 3 × 5 ... 59 × 61 = ... 0 Sum of odd digit places = 8 + 9 + 5 + 6 + 5 = 33
Also, 2 £ n £ 59 Sum of even digit places = 7 + 8 + 4 + * = 19 + *
Now, we check the sequence p + n Now, 33 – (19 + *) = 14 – *, it is divisible by 11, if
Since, unit digit of p is zero. Therefore, for every value of * is 3.
even value of n, (p + n) is always divisible.
20. (d) The prime numbers between 100 and 120 are 101,
For odd value of n = 2, 5, ... 59
103, 107, 109 and 113.
Take n = 3
\ p + n = p + 3 = (2 × 3 × 5 ... 59 × 61 + 3) \ Required sum = 101 + 103 + 107 + 109 + 113 = 533
= 3(2 × 5 ... 59 × 61 + 1) which is divisible. 21. (a) Required numbers are of the form of 12q – 2
Similarly, for even value of n, p + n is divisible. i.e., 10, 22, 34, 46, 58, 70, 82, 94
Hence, it is clear always p + n is that divisible by any \ Total sum = 10 + 22 + 34 + 46 + 58 + 70 + 82 + 94
number. So, there is no prime number exist in this = 416
sequence. 22. (c) The total number of thee digit numbers with unit
12. (a) Q Original number = h × 100 + t × 10 + u digit 7 and divisible by 11 are 187, 297, 407, 517, 627,
Number obtained by reversing digits 737, 847, 957.
= u × 100 + t × 10 + h \ Total numbers = 8
Number System M-11

23. (c) When we divide a positive integer by another positive 30. (d) Let p be any positive number of the form 2m,
integer, the resultant will be a rational number i.e., in 2m + 1 for any whole number m.
the form of p/q, where p and q are positive integers Case I: p = 2m
and q ¹ 0 p2 = 4m2 = 4(m2) = 4q where q = m2
24. (c) Let the first odd number be x and the alternate odd Case II: p = 2m + 1
number is x + 4 p2 = (2m + 1)2 = 4m2 + 4m + 1
According to the question = 4(m2 + m) + 1
x (x + 4) = 3x + 12 = 4q + 1 where q = m2 + m
Þ x2 + 4x = 3x + 12 Þ x2 + x – 12 = 0 From above we see that square of any positive integer
Þ (x + 4) (x – 3) = 0 Þ x = 3 (Q x ¹ – 4) is either of the form 4q or (4q + 1) for some integer q.
Hence, the larger number is x + 4 = 3 + 4 = 7 31. (b) 84705Ä2
25. (a) As we know that a number a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 is divisible If sum of digit of a number is divisible by 9, then it is
by 9, if sum of the digits, i.e., a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 is also devisible by 9.
divisible by 9. Hence, only statement I is true. Þ 84705Ä2 = 8 + 4 + 7 + 0 + 5 + Ä + 2 = 26 + Ä
26. (d) (2457)754 Now, we replace Ä by 1 then it become 27 and divided
We know that a unit digit of (7)4 is 1. by 9.
Unit digit of (2457)754 = (2457)188 × 4 + 2 32. (c) When a polynomial is divided by a linear polynomial,
then the remainder is either constant or zero
= (2457)188 × 4 . (2457)2 ® [(2457)4]188. 9 ® (1)188
polynomial.
.9 ® 9
27. (b) When a number n is divided by 4 then remainder is 3. x
Now, the number is double then remainder is also 2
e.g., (ax + b) ax + bx + c
double.
So, remainder = 6 _ ax 2 ± bx
But remainder never greater than its divisor. c = constant
So, remainder = 6 – 4 = 2
28. (b) Let the GP series be a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4 ,... OR
By given condition,
T3 = T1 + 9 x
2
Þ ar2 = a + 9 (ax + b) ax + bx
Þ a (r2 – 1) = 9 ...(i) _ ax 2 ± bx
and T2 = T4 + 18
Þ ar = ar3 + 18 o = zero
Þ ar (1 – r2) = 18 ...(ii) 33. (d) Let a = 7p + 5
On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get and b = 7q + 4
a(r 2 - 1)
where, p and q are natural numbers.
9
\ 2
= \ ab = (7p + 5) (7q + 4)
-ar (r - 1) 18 ab = 49pq + (4p + 5q) 7 + 20
Þ –r=2 = 7 (7pq + 4p + 5q) + 7 × 2 + 6
From Eq. (i) when ab is divided by 7, we get the remainder 6.
a (4 – 1) = 9 34. (d) P = r s = r (1 – r) = r – r2 (Q r + s = 1)
\ a=3
29. (a) Let angles of a triangle in AP are a, a + d, a + 2d. dP
Þ = 1 – 2r = 0 (For max. and min.)
Also, a + 2d = 2a (given condition) dr
Þ a = 2d ...(i)
Also, a + a + d + a + 2d = 180º 1 d 2P
Þ r= Þ =–2
2 dr 2
(Q sum of angles of triangle = 180º) = Negative Þ Maximum
æaö 1
Þ 3a + 3d = 180º Þ 3a + 3 ç ÷ \ Maximum value of rs =
è2ø 4
= 180º [from Eq. (i)] 35. (b) Any number is not a square, if the unit’s place digit
Þ 9a = 360º of number may be 2, 3, 7, 8.
Þ a = 40º, d = 20º Hence, the number 9852 is not a square of any natural
\ Ratio of angles = 40º : 60° : 80° = 2 : 3 : 4 number.
 EBD_7336
M-12 Number System

36. (d) On taking option (d). 45. (d) d [d {d (12)}] = d [d (6)]

The reverse digit of 451 is 154. (Q positive integer divisor of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)
Now, 154 + 297 = 451 is equal to the original number. = d (4) (Q positive integer divisor of 6 = 1, 2, 3, 6)
37. (c) We know that, if the difference of the sum of odd = 3 (Q positive integer divisor of 4 = 1, 2, 4)
digits and sum of even digits is either 0 or mlultiple 46. (c) Factors of 88 = 11 × 8
of 11, then the number is divisible by 11. 2784936
Given number is ABCDE. = (Sum of odd place digit) – (Sum of even place digit)
Here, A + C + E – (B + D) = 0 or divisible by 11 = 25 – 14 = 11 (This is divisible by 11)
Hence, both statements are true. 2784936:
38. (d) 212n – 64n = (212)n – (64)n = (4096)n – (1296)n Last three digit is 936 is divisible by 8.
= (4096 – 1296) [(4096)n – 1 + (4096)n – 2(1296) + ... + So this number is also divisible by 8.
(1296)n – 1] = 2800(k) Now, 2784936 is divisible by 88.
Hence, last two digits are always be zero. 47. (d) Here 247 is divisible by 13 and 203 is also divisible
39. (c) If x = 2, then x + 1 and x + 3 are all prime numbers. by 7. So, 247 and 203 are not prime number.
40. (d) Last digit of 34798 48. (a) Difference between the digit = 9238 – 7091
We know that 3 is cyclic of its unit digit at 4 times. = 2147
So, we devide 4798 by 4 2147 is completely divided by 113.
= 34798 = 31199 × 4 + 2 = (31199 × 4) . 32 = 9 49. (a) Let n = 5q + 2
41. (b) If k is any even positive integer, then (k2 + 2k) is 3n = 3(5q + 2)
divisible by 8 but may not be divisible by 24. Þ 3n = 15q + 6 = 5 (3q + 1) + 1
Let k = 2m, m Î N, then When 3n is divided by 5, then remainder is 1.
k2 + k.2 = 4m2 + 4m = 4m (m + 1) 50. (c) On taking p = 11,
which is divisible by 4. p + 2 = 13 (prime number)
42. (c) 32n + 1 + 22n + 1 = 3 × (3)2n + 2 × (2)2n I. 11 × 13 + 1 = 144 (a square number)
= 3 × (9)n + 2 × (4)n II. 11 + 13 = 24 (12 is a divisor of 24)
Hence, both statements I and II are correct.
n Unit digit of (9)n Unit digit of (4) n 51. (b) Let the lowest sides of a right triangle be 3, 4, 5.
By Pythagoras theorem, (3)2 + (4)2 = (5)2
1 9 4
Hence, one of its sides is always divisible by 5.
2 1 6
52. (c) 30030
3 9 4
4 1 6 2 15015
5 9 4
3 5005
M M M
Thus, when n is odd, then unit digit of (9)n = 9 and 5 1001
(4)n = 4
and when n is even, then unit digit of (9)n = 1 and (4)n = 6
11 91
Hence, when n is odd positive integer, then
3 × (unit digit of 9) + 2 × (unit digit of 4)
= 3 × 9 + 2 × 4 = 35 7 13
Hence, unit digit of (3)2n + 1 + (2)2n + 1 = 5
Also, when n is even positive integer, then 13 1
3 × (unit digit of 9) + 2 × (unit digit of 4) So, prime factors of 30030 are
= 3 × 1 + 2 × 6 = 15 2, 3, 5, 11, 7, and 13
Hence, unit digit of (3)2n + 1 + (2)2n + 1 = 5 So, number of prime factors of 30030 is 6.
43. (a) Q T14 = 6 53. (c) Since, D is a point of BC. As BC is rational so BD
Þ a + 13d = 6 must be rational but AD need not to be rational.
and T6 = 14 Þ a + 5d = 14
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get 54. (d) If n is a natural number, then n is either a natural
a = 19, d = – 1 number or an irrational number.
\ T95 = a + 94d = 19 – 94 = – 75 e.g., when n = 3 Þ 3 = Irrational number
44. (b) We know that the product of a rational number and
an irrational number is an irrational number. When n = 9 Þ 9 = 3 = Rational number
Number System M-13

55. (d) The largest integer that divides product of any four
30. Therefore, 3 must be added to 231228 to make it
consecutive integers is 4! i.e., 24.
e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 are four consecutive integers. exactly divisible by 33.
Multiplication = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 which is divided 63. (d) There are an infinite of rational numbers between
by 24. any two given numbers.
56. (c) If a number is divisible by 88, it should be divisible 64. (c) 92 = 22 × 23
by 8 and 11. 85 = 5 × 17
In a given option, number 9944 and 8888 is divisible Since there is no common factor in 92 and 85, therefore
by 88. they are relatively prime.
Hence, largest number is 9944. 65. (a) Divisibility Rule 11: The difference between the sum
57. (c) 161, 171, 221, are divisible by 7, 3 and 13 respectively. of digit at odd place numbers and the sum of digit at
But 173 is not divisible by any others numbers except even, place numbers is zero or multiple of 11.
1 and 173.
36
58. (c) I. The product of any three consecutive integers
is divisible by 3! i.e., 6.
II. Here, 3k = {..., -6, -3, 0,3, 6,...}
3k + 1 = {..., -5, -2,1, 4, 7,...}
and 3k + 2 = {..., -4, -1, 2,5,8,...}

\ {3k ,3k + 1,3k + 2} 5 8 1 2 9 7 4 5 8 1 2 9 7 4

= {..., -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6,...}
Hence, it is true.
59. (a) I. Composite Number: Natural numbers, which
has more than 2 distinct factors are called
composite number. It postulates that every
composite number is a natural number.
II. Every whole number is not a natural number 36
(zero is not a natural number).
So, only statement I is true. Difference = 36 – 36 = 0, then it is divisible by 11.
60. (b) Quotient = 143K + 28 66. (c) I. Given, n is a prime number greater than 5.
Now, when same number is divided by 13. So, we Now, n4 – 1 = (n2 – 1) (n2 + 1)
check 143 is divided by 13 or not. = (n – 1) (n + 1) (n2 + 1)
Here, 143 is completely divided by 13. Hence we Put n = 7 (prime number greater than 5)
divides 28 by 13 then remainder is 2. n4 – 1 = (7 – 1) (7 + 1)(49 + 1)
61. (c) Following are the numbers between – 11 and 11 which = 6 × 8 × 50 = 2400
are multiples of 2 or 3? So, statements I is true.
– 10, – 9, – 8, – 6, – 4, – 3, – 2, 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9,10 II. Given, n Î W (whole number)
So ,the numbers of multiples 2 or 3, between – 11 and i.e., n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
11 are 15. For n = 0,
Alternative Method: 5n, (5n – 1), (5n + 1) = 0, – 1, 1 = (0)2, – 1, (1)2
Numbers between 0 and 11 which are multiples of 2 For n = 1,
or 3 5n, (5n – 1), (5n + 1) = 5, 4, 6 = 5, (2)2, 6
For n = 2,
11 11 11 5n, (5n – 1 ), (5n + 1 ) = 10, 9, 11
+ – =5+3–1=7
2 3 6 = 10, (3)2, 11
Numbers between 0 and – 11 For n = 3,
5n, (5n – 1), (5n + 1) = 15, 14, 16 = 15, 14, (4)2
11 11 11
+ – =7 For n = 4,
2 3 6 5n, (5n – 1), (5n + 1) = 20, 19, 21
So, the numbers are 14 and 0. For n = 5,
62. (c) Þ 231228 = 7006 × 33 + 30 ... (1) 5n, (5n – 1), (5n + 1) = 25, 24, 26 = (5)2, 24, 26 ...
Now, when the number divides by 33 its remainder is so on.
So, statements II is true.
 EBD_7336
M-14 Number System

67. (a) Let the integer be x. 5

=
10 20 + 10 + 8 + 5 + 4
Integer + Its reciprocal =
3 200
5 ´ 200 1000
1 10 = = = 21.27 » 21.3
Þ x+ = 47 47
x 3
72. (c) From options,
2
x + 1 10 14 14
Þ = (a) = = 4 (Rem) and
x 3 (1 + 4) 5
2
Þ 3x + 3 = 10x 14 14
Þ 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0 = = 2 (Rem)
1´ 4 4
Þ 3x2 – 9x – x + 3 = 0 (by splitting middle term) Since, remainder is not same.
Þ 3x (x – 3) – 1(x – 3) = 0
Þ (x – 3) (3x – 1) = 0 23 23
(b) = = 3 (Rem) and
\ x=3 (since 1/3 is not an integer) (2 + 3) 5
Alternative Method: 23 23
By Hook or by Crook. = = 5 (Rem)
2´3 6
From option (a),
Since, remainder is not same.
1 9 + 1 10 32 32
3+ = =
3 3 3 (c) = = 2 (Rem) and
(3 + 2) 5
68. (a) Prime number: A number that is divisible by itself
and one excluding one. 32 32
= = 2 (Rem)
So, 1 is not prime number. (3 ´ 2) 6
Composite Number: Natural numbers, which has more Since, remainder is same.
than 2 distinct factors are called composite numbers. \ Difference of quotients = 6 – 5 = 1
1 is not composite numbers. 41 41
69. (b) Here, 88 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11= (2)3 × (11)1 (d) = = 1 (Rem) and
(4 + 1) 5
91 = (7)1 × (13)1
96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = (2)5 × (3)1 41 41
= = 1 (Rem)
and 99 = 3 × 3 × 11 = (3)2 × (11)1 (4 ´1) 4
So, 91 has least number of divisors. Since, remainder is same.
70. (c) I. It is true that every integer is a rational number. But difference of quotients = 10 – 8 = 2 ¹ 1
73. (d) We know that,
e.g., Set of integers, If the difference between the sum of digits at even
places and sum of digits at odd places is (0) or
Z = {..., -3 , -2 , -1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , ...}
1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 multiple of 11, then the number is divisible by 11.
p From options,
which of the form , which also shown rational (a) 45678940
q
numbers. Sum of even places = 5 + 7 + 9 + 0 = 21
II. It is also true that every rational number is a real Sum of odd palaces = 4 + 6 + 8 + 4 = 22
number because a real number does not contain i Their difference = 22 – 21 = 1 ¹ 0
(iota). (b) 54857266
So, both satements are true. Sum of even places = 4 + 5 + 2 + 6 = 17
71. (d) Let the number are a1 = 10, a2 = 20, a3 = 25, a4 = 40 and Sum of odd palaces = 5 + 8 + 7 + 6 = 26
a5 = 50. Their difference = 26 – 17 = 9 ¹ 0
(c) 87524398
Number of observations
\ Harmonic mean = Sum of even places = 7 + 2 + 3 + 8 = 20
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + Sum of odd palaces = 8 + 5 + 4 + 9 = 26
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 Their difference = 26 – 20 = 6 ¹ 0
(d) 93455120
5 Sum of even places = 3 + 5 + 1 + 0 = 9
=
1 1 1 1 1 Sum of odd palaces = 9 + 4 + 5 + 2 = 20
+ + + +
10 20 25 40 50 Difference = 20 – 9 = 11
It is divisible by 11.
Number System M-15

74. (a) When N is a natural number, then there is only one

13
possible case that N, (N + 2), (N + 4) are prime
numbers when N = 3, then N, (N + 2), (N + 4) = 3, 5, 7
all are primes. + + + +
75. (b) On taking p = 5,
2p – 1 = 25 – 1 = 31 which is prime 7 7 1 0 3 1 2 4 0 1
On taking p = 11, + + + +
2p – 1 = 211 – 1 = 2047
Since, 2047 is divisible by 23, so it is not prime.
Thus , the required least positive prime number is 11. 13
76. (b) We know that, between any two rational numbers,
Difference = Sum of odd place – Sum of even place
there are an infinite number of rational and irrational
= 13 – 13 = 0, it is divisible by 11.
numbers.
Statement II:
Hence, statement II is correct.
173 is square of approximately 13.
77. (b) If m and n are natural numbers, then m n is irrational So, below 13 prime number are -
unless n is mth power of an integer. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
78. (c) If x is a positive even integer and y is negative odd Now, 173 is not divisible by 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11.
integer, then xy is a rational number. So, it is a prime number.
So, both the statements I and II are correct.
1 3 87. (c) Both the statements given are correct. As 121 is the
79. (d) = 0.25 and = 0.75
4 4 square of 11. So, to obtain prime numbers less than
252 748 121, we reject all the multiples of prime numbers less
Only option (d) with = 0.252 and = 0.748 than 11 i.e., 2, 3, 5 and 7. Similarly, every composite
1000 1000
number less than 121 is divisible by a prime number
lies between 0.25 and 0.75. less than 11 i.e., 2, 3, 5 or 7.
80. (c) Here 7, and 3 both are repeat its unit digit after four 88. (a) I. f (k) = 4k + 3
times. For k = 1, f (1) = 4 × 1 + 3 = 7
= 7(4 × 100 + 2) + 3(4 × 100 + 2) For k = 2, f (2) = 4 × 2 + 3 = 11
= 74 × 100 × 72 + 34 × 100 × 32 For k = 3, f (3) = 4 × 3 + 3 = 15
=9+9 Values of f (k) for k = 1, 2, ...... cannot be
= 18 expressed as sum of squares, since
So, its unit digit = 8 12 + 22 = 5, 12 + 32 = 10, 22 + 32 = 13
81. (d) Here we can check the unit digit II. f (k) = 8k + 1
Unit digit of 262 + 972 = 6 + 9 Þ 5 For k = 1, f (1) = (8 × 1) + 1 = 9 = (3)2
Now according to option For k = 2, f (2) = (8 × 2) + 1 = 17
Unit digit of 792 + 622 = 1 + 4 Þ 5 For k = 3, f (3) = (8 × 3) + 1 = 25 = (5)2
So, 262 + 972 = 792 + 622 For k = 4, f (4) = (8 × 4) + 1 = 33
82. (b) Every prime number of the form 3k + 1 can be For k = 5, f (5) = (8 × 5) + 1 = 41
represented in the form 6m + 1 only, when k is even. f (k) = 8k + 1 is square of an odd integer only for
83. (d) For square integer 25, 4k + 1 mean 4 × 6 + 1 some values of k. So, only Statement I is correct.
and for 36 89. (a) Given that n is greater then 1, then n2(n2 – 1) is
4k mean 4 × 9 always divisible by 12.
Now, if k is a positive integer, then every square Example 1: Put n = 2, then
integer is of the form 4k or 4k + 1 n2(n2 – 1) = (2)2 (22 – 1)
84. (c) Here b is the largest square divisor of c and a2 divides = 4 × 3 = 12.
c then, it is sure that a divides b. Hence n2(n2 – 1) is divisible by 12 but not by 24, 48
85. (c) We know that an + bn where n is odd numbers then it and 60 for n = 2.
is divides by a + b.
4(
333 ´ 3 + 1)
So, 195 + 215 = 19 + 21 = 40
Now, 40 is divided by both 10 and 20. 90. (c) Remainder 41000 =
7
So that number is also divided by 10 and 20.
86. (c) Statement I: ( 64)333 ´ 4
=
Divisibility rule of 11: The difference between the 7
sum of even places and the sum of odd places is 0 or =1×4=4
that number is divisible by 11.
 EBD_7336
M-16 Number System

91. (d) 710 – 510 is divisible by 11. It is clear that LHS is divisible by 9, if X + Y = 5, 14.
92. (a) Here, three–digits number = XY5 Now sum of X and Y is 5, then possible pairs are
(1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3) (3, 2), (0, 5) and (5, 0). When sum of
XY 5 X and Y is 11, then possible pairs are (5, 9), (9 , 5), (6,
´ Z 8), (8, 6) and (7, 7).
X 215 Total possible pairs are 11.
So, Z can take value 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. 41012 43 ´ 337 +1 43 ´ 337 ´ 4
97. (d) = = =
But only 9 satisfies it, then X = 1, Y = 3 and Z = 9 7 7 7
337
135 (64)337 ´ 4 (9 ´ 7 + 1) ´ 4
= =
Q ´9 7 7
1215
(ax + 1)n
value of X + Y + Z = 1 + 3 + 9 = 13 We know that = then its Remainder is 1
a
93. (c) From option (c) By Hook and Crook N = 6 =1× 4=4
N2 – 33 = 62 – 33 = 36 – 33 = 3, which is prime.
2 2 1723 + 2323 + 2923
N – 31 = 6 – 31 = 36 – 31 = 5, which is prime. 98. (a)
23
N2 – 29 = 62 – 29 = 36 – 29 = 7, which is prime.
So, N = 6 only. possible value 17 23 + (0)23 + (29)23
=
23
1 4 1
94. (d) Given equation, + =
m n 12 17 23 + (29) 23 (17) 23 + (6)23
= =
Þ 12(n + 4m) = mn 23 23
Þ 12n + 48m = mn
a n + bn
Þ m(48 – n) = –12n Here
Þ m(n – 48) = 12n n
So remainder is always zero.
12 n 99. (b) The prime numbers less than 13 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
\ m= ...(i)
n - 48 Also, using the condition, p < q < r < 13 and p + q +
Here, as m and n are positive integers, therefore > 48. r is a prime number
But n is an odd integer less than 60, therefore Hence, only two possible pairs exist i.e. (3, 5, 11) and
(5, 7, 11).
possible values of n = 49, 51, 53, 55, 57 and 59.
100. (c) Q 360 = 23 × 32 × 5
But on putting n = 53, 55, and \ Number of divisors = (3 + 1) (2 + 1) (1 + 1)
59 in Eq. (i), we get the non-integer values of m = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24
On putting n = 49, 51 and 57 , we get the value of m
= 588, 204 and 76, respectively.
37 1
Hence, there are three possible pairs of m and n 101. (b) = 2+
that satisfy the equation. 13 1
x+
95. (a) Let the two-digits numbers less than 50 which when 1
y+
divided by 4 yield unity as remainder be 13, 17, ..., z
49. Here, first term, a = 13, common difference, 37
d = 4 and n = 10. Þ can be expressed as
13
n 1
\ Required sum = [2a + (n –1)d ] = 2+
1
= 2+
2 2 1+1
1+
10 11 1
= [2 ´ 13 + (10 –1)4] 5+
2 2
10 10 ´ 62 Now, this is compared by
= [26 + 36] = = 310
2 2 1 1
2+ = 2+
96. (d) If sum of all the digits is divisible by 9 then the 1 1
x+ 1+
number is divisible by 9 1 1
y+ 5+
Given number is 76 3× 4Y2. z 2
Given number is divisible by 9.
\ z=2
So, 7 + 6 + 3 + X + 4 + Y + 2 = 9k
Þ 22 + X + Y = 9k
Number System M-17

107. (c) N = 35 × 45 × 55 × 60 × 124 × 75

5 + 10
102. (d) = 7 ´ 5 ´ 9 ´ 5 ´ 11´ 5 ´ 12 ´ 5 ´124 ´ 5 ´ 5 ´ 3
5 5 – 2 20 – 32 + 50
= 56 × 7 × 9 × 11 × 12 × 124 × 3
5 + 10 m = 6, The given number has maximum factor of 5 is 6.
=
5 5 –4 5 –4 2 +5 2 108. (d) Let us assume that he was out of house for ‘t’ min.
So angle formed by min. hand = 6 × t
5 + 10 (5 + 10) ( 5 – 2)
= = Angle formed by hour hand = 0.5 × t
5+ 2 ( 5 + 2) ( 5 – 2) Now, 0.5 × t + 6 × t = 360
Þ 6.5 t = 360
5 5 + 50 – 5 2 – 20
= 360
5–2 t= = 55.38 min
6.5
5 5 +5 2 –5 2 – 2 5 109. (b) When a ball is dropped
=
3 from a height = 36 m

3 5 2
= = 5 1st bounce back = ´ 36 = 24 m
3 3
103. (a) 81 × 82 × 83 × 84 × ... × 99 2
It can be written as 2nd bounce back = ´ 24 = 16 m
3
= 81 × 82 × 83 × 84 × ... 90 × 99
When we multiply any number by multiple of 10, 2 32 2
3rd bounce back ´ 16 = = 10 m.
then resultant number always carry zero at unit place. 3 3 3
104. (a) Let a number be x 110. (d) 1st time seen
multiply by 25 we get another number y. = 1 hour 54 min 50 sec
According to question = 3600 sec + 54 × 60 sec + 50 sec
x × 25 = y ....(i) = 6890 sec
Again x × 52 = 324 + y ....(ii) 2nd time seen = 3 hour + 17 min + 49 sec
Now subtract equation (i) from equation (ii) = 11869 sec.
Þ x × 52 – x × 25 = 324 + y – y Interval between light seen = 11869 – 6890
Þ 27x = 324 = 4979
Number of times light was seen
324
x= = 12 4979
27 = + 1 = 384
13
105. (a) 357P25Q
If it is divided by 3, then sum of the digit must be 111. (b) n = P1x1 P2x2 P3x3
divided by 3 and if it is divided by 5 then its unit digit
where P1, P2 and P3 are distinct prime numbers
must be 0 or 5.
So no. of factors = x1x2x3
=3+5+7+P+2+5+Q
112. (a) 11, 111, 1111, 11111, ...
1st Case Q = 0 1 Each number is divided by 4 then their remainder
3 + 5 + 7 + P + 2 + 5 + 0 = 22 + P are always 3.
Possible values of P = 2, 5, 8 So, it can be written as = 4 m + 3
2nd Case when Q = 5 So statement is true.
3 + 5 + 7 + P + 2 + 5 + 5 = 27 + P 2 No, this type of numbers are not squares. So it is
Possible values of P = 0, 3, 6, 9 not true.
Possible pairs of (P,Q) Only 1 is true.
= (2, 0), (5, 0), (8, 0) 113. (c) Statement 1
(0, 5), (3, 5) (6, 5) (9, 5) Yes, there exists only one prime number p such that
Total no. of pairs = 7. (17p + 1) is a square.
106. (c) Let two consecutive odd numbers = (2x + 1) and (2x + 3) Let p = 19
According to question Þ (17 ´ 19 + 1) = 324 which is square of 18, so it is
= (2x + 3)2 – (2x + 1)2
= 4x2 + 12x + 9 – 4x2 –1 – 4x true.
Statement 2
= 8x + 8 = 8(x + 1)
Product of first 10 consecutive number
So, it is divisible by 8.
 EBD_7336
M-18 Number System

x (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29) = 6469693230

100
\ x + 1 = 6469693231 119. (c) x∗ = 50
Divisibility by 7: The difference of the numbers upto x
thousands place and remaning part of the number if Þ x2 – 50x + 100 > 0
it is divisible by 7 then the number is divisible by 7
50 ° ∋50( , 4≥100≥1
2
6469693 2 31 x<
2
Thousand partRemaining part ì ü
ï ± b + b 2 - 4ac ï
í using x = ý
Difference = 6469693 – 231 ïî 2a ïþ
= 6469462
Again difference = 6469 – 462 = 6007 x = 25 ± 5 21
Again difference 7 – 6 = 1 which is not divisible by 7. so, x2 – 50x + 100 > 0
Therefore, number 6469693231 is not divisible by 7
So it is a prime number
{x - ( 25 + 5 21)} {x - ( 25 - 5 21)} > 0
So both statements are true.
114. (b) Number of account up to ` 10,000
= 532 – 218
= 314 accounts.
Rest of accounts of men deposits + +
= 302 – 102 = 200 accounts
Number of accounts of women deposits = 314 – 200 12 3 4 46 47 48 x
= 114
115. (b) Given x + y + z = 0 –
x3 + y3 + z3 + 3xyz – 3xyz + 3xyz
= x3 + y3 + z3 –3xyz + 6xyz
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz –zx) + 6xyz As x £ 100 (Natural number)
(0) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx) + 6xyz So domain of x is = {1, 2, 48, 49, 50, 51------,
= 6xyz 100}
116. (d) 17256 Hence no. of values of x is 55.
Last digit is 7 so Option (c) is correct.
120. (c) (n3 – n) (n – 2)
We know that 7 repeats its unit digit after 4 times. = n (n2 – 1) (n – 2)
= (17)64×4 = n(n – 1) (n + 1) (n – 2)
Unit of 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 2401 (n – 2) (n – 1) n(n + 1)
Now, 256 is completely divided by 4 so unit digit = 1 as n > 2 (natural number)
puting n = 3
1421 ´1423 ´1425 (n – 2) (n – 1) n(n + 1)
117. (c) = (3 – 2) (3 – 1) 3(3 + 1)
12
= 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24
When we divide 1421, 1423 and 1425 then 5,7 at 9 are So, option (c) is correct
the remainders respectively. 121. (d) (234)100 + (234)101
5 ´ 7 ´ 9 315 See the pattern
= = =3 41 = 4
12 12 42 = 16
43 = 64
496 44 = 256
118. (a)
6 so, at odd power of 4 we get unit digit as ‘4’ and
When 41 is divided by 6 then remainder = 4 at even power of 4 we get unit digit as ‘6’.
Þ (234)100 unit digit is 6
42 is divided by 6 then remainder = 4 Þ (234)101 unit digit is 4
43 is divided by 6 then remainder = 4 Þ (234)100 + (234)101 unit digit will be (6 + 4 =
44 is divided by 6 then remainder = 4 10) zero. So, option (d) is correct.
................................................................ 122. (*) 876p37q is divisible by 225 or 25 × 9. q has to be
. ............................................................... 5 and sum of all digits must be divided by 9.
\ p = 0 or 9 and
496 divided by 6 then remainder = 4 Hence (c, d) are satisfying the condition.
Number System M-19

123. (*) According to question.

n ( n + 1)
Þ 3x + 2y = 5k1 + 2 ----------(i) 127. (c) Given Sn =
Þ 2x + 3y = 5 k2 + 3 ----------(ii) 2
eq(i)-eq(ii) Also Sn = 861
Þ x – y = 5(k1 – k2) – 1 n ( n + 1)
so when (x – y) is divided by 5 remainder will be Þ 861 =
5 + (–1) = 4 2
2
At x = 5, y = 1, Remainder = 4 n + n – 1722 = 0
At x = 6, y = 5, Remainder = 1 n = 41, – 42
So, option (a) and (c) both are is correct (1) is true (i.e., there are exactly two values of n
124. (b) Given series is- for which Sn = 861)
Given Sn = Sn + 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ - - - + + + - - - + +----
4 5 62444
1444 4 5 3
6 4 5 6 4 5 6 n ( n + 1) ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
Þ =
2 2
These 6 terms are repeating which are resulting to n=n +2
zero. 2 ¹ 0 (this is not possible)
so 1st 42 terms of this series will result is zero and Þ 2 is true.
after that series will be upto 47 terms – \ Option (c) is correct.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Þ ∗ , , , Þ , 128. (c) (If p + q < p – q and if p + q > p – q
4 5 6 4 5 6 Þ q + q < 0 Þq > – q
So, option (b) is correct. Þ q<0
125. (c) Let the number be (10x + y) Þ 2q > 0
According to question- 1 is true
Þ x + y= 7 --- (i) Þ q> 0
Þ q must be positive
(10y + x) – (10x + y) = 27
Þ p is also positive
Þ 9(y – x) = 27 Þ (2) is true.
Þy–x =3 --- (ii) \ option (c) is correct
From eq (i) and (ii) 129. (*) The dividend is in the form an – bn
x = 2; y = 5 Here n is even
so x × y = 2 × 5 = 10 Þ 710 – 510 is divisible by both (7 + 5) and (7 – 5)
So, option (c) is correct. Þ 710 – 510 is divisible by 12 and 2
126. (c) No.s divided by 7 leaing 3 as reminder are - Hence, it is divisible by 12 and 2. No options
7 ∗ 3 < 10 ï ü mathcing with the given answer.
ï
ï 130. (c) Let two digit number = 10y + x
14 ∗ 3 < 17 ïï
ï According to question,
21 ∗ 3 < 24 ïï
ï Ist condition, 10y + x = k(x + y) ...(1)
ï
28 ∗ 3 < 31 ïï 2nd condition, 10x + y = m(x + y) ...(2)
ï
35 ∗ 3 < 38 ïï
ï Adding (1) and (2) we get
ï
ï
42 ∗ 3 < 45ï 11x + 11y = (k + m) × (x + y)
ï
ï
49 ∗ 3 < 52ý Total 13 terms. 11(x + y) = (k + m) (x + y)
ï
56 ∗ 3 < 59 ïï
ï
k + m = 11
ï m = 11 – k
63 ∗ 3 < 66 ïï
ï
ï \ Option (c) is correct
70 ∗ 3 < 73ï ï 131. (d) Here S be a set of 14 Natural Numbers i.e. {1, 2, 3,
ï
77 ∗ 3 < 80 ïï 4, 5. ---- 14}
ï
ï
84 ∗ 3 < 87 ïï Possible no. of pairs.
ï
91 ∗ 3 < 94 ïï
ï
þ {a, b} is {(2, 8), (7, 13)}
Þ Pairs = 2
Sum = 3 + 13 + 7 [1 + 2 + 3 + -----+13] Þ Option (d) is correct.
æ 13´14 ö
= 39 + ç 7 ´
2 ÷ø
= 39 + 637 = 676 132. (b) Time taken to reach 5’O Clock = 8 seconds
è
So, option (c) is correct. 8
Time taken to reach 10’O Clock = seconds
5
 EBD_7336
M-20 Number System

8
Time taken to reach 10’O Clock = ´ 10 =16 seconds 3
5 hours
4 x hours
\ Option (b) is correct. Last Madhukar Next
133. (b) Here N = 90 × 42 × 324 × 55 meeting meeting
received
Now 90 = 3 × 3 × 10 = 32 × 10 over will be
information
42 = 14 × 3 = 14 × 31 held
324 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 4 = 34 × 4
55 = 11 × 5
N = 32 × 31 × 34 × 10 × 14 × 4 × 11 × 5 13
hours
N = 37 × 10 × 14 × 4 × 11 × 5 4
Maximum value of m = 7
\ Option (b) is correct. 3 13 13 3 5 1
+x = Þ x = - = = 2 hours
134. (b) Option (b) is correct. 4 4 4 4 2 2
135. (d) Option (d) is correct.
1
136. (a) Since two hands are interchange their positions so Hence Madhukar received information 2 hours
sum of the angles subtended at the centre by hour 2
hand and minute hand = 360° before 2 p.m. i.e., 11 : 30 a.m.
Let us suppose that she was out of house for t min. x 10 y
So the sum of angles subtended at the centre by the 139. (d) = -
y 3 x
hour hand and minute hand.
Angle made by hour hand. x 10 1
i.e., 12h ® 360° = -
y 3 y
360 x
Þ 1h = = 30°
12
x
30 Let =z
Þ 1min = = 0.5 min y
60
10 1
Angle made by minute hand. \ z= - Þ 3z 2 - 10z + 3 = 0
60 min = 360° 3 z
1 min = 60 1
Þ (0.5)t + (6 × t)° = 360° Þ z = 3 or
3
Þ 6.5t = 360 Þ t = 55.38 min.
\ Option (a) is correct. x x 1
Þ = 3 or =
137. (b) Let m = 1 and n = 2 be two natural number y y 3
m n 1 2 5 Þ x= 9y ...(i) or 9x = y ...(ii)
(1) + = + =
n m 2 1 2 But x – y = 8 ...(iii)
which is not an integer \ x> y
Hence eq. (ii) is rejected.
æm n ö 2
(2) mn ç + ÷ m + n
è n mø
2
( ) From eq. (i) and (iii),
9y – y = 8, Þ y = 1 and x = 9
\ xy = 9 ´ 1 = 9
æ1 2ö 5
= 1´ 2 ç + ÷ (1 + 4 ) = 2 ´ ´ 5 = 25 140. (a)
è2 1ø 2 1 2
which is an integer 5 P 9
mn 1´ 2 2 3 R 7
(3) 2 2
= 2 2
= +2
m +n 1 +2 5 Q 8
which is not an integer 11 1 4
\ Option (b) is correct.
2 + P + R + Q = 11
138. (b) Let Madhukar received the informaton x hour before P + R+ Q = 9
2 p.m. For maximum value of Q
P and R be 0 then
Q=9
Number System M-21

141. (b) Let the original number be x 150. (b) A number divisible by 16, 36, 45, 48,
ATQ = L.C.M of 16, 36, 45 and 48 = 720
Highest four-digits number = 9999
x Now, highest 4 digit number divisible by 720
8x – = 2016
8 Completely = 720 × 13 = 9360 < 9999
é 63 ù 151. (b) Any number that are divisible by 33 must be divisi-
x ê ú = 2016 ble by 3 and 11.
ë8û A number that are divisible by 3 have sum of its
8 by solving digit divisible by 3.
x = 256 \ x + x + y + x + x = (4x + y) must be divisible by 3
142. (b) Through option 4.65 when multiplied by = 20 gives And, For divisibility by 11, (x + y + x) – (x + x) = 0
whole number Þ y= 0
143. (d) (7)139 = 74(34)+3 Now, 4x + y = 4x + 0 = 4x divisible by 3
unit digit of 74n is 1 and 73 = 34 is 3 Only when x = 3, 6 or 9.
than unit digit = 1 × 3 = 3 Hence, three number are 33033, 66066, 99099.
152. (c) Any number that are divisible by 3 only when sum
(4444)4444 of its digits is divisible by 3
144. (c)
9 \ (x + y + 2 + 3 + 5) = (10 + x + y)
As x + y £ 5,
(7) 4444 then (10 + x + y) = 12 or 15
when 4444 divided by 9
9 \ (x, y) = (2, 0), (1, 1) (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 4), (4, 1) and (5, 0)
Hence, number of possible pairs = 7
(-24 )1111
= remainder will be 7 153. (c) 38808 = 23 × 32 × 72 × 11
9 \ Number of divisors = (3 + 1)(2 + 1)(2 + 1)(1 + 1)
(16)1111 = 4 × 3 × 3 × 2 = 72
= or (–2) negative remainder On excluding number ‘1’ and ‘38808’.
9
Number of divisors = 72 – 2 = 70
(-2)1110 ´ (-2) 154. (b) Statement 1
similarly (–2) negative XYZ = 100X + 10Y + Z
9
YZX = 100Y + 10Z + Z
(-26 )185 ´ (-2) (64)185 ´ (-2) ZXY = 100Z + 10X + Y
= remainder
9 9 = 111 (X + Y + Z), which is divisible by (X + Y + Z)
So, it is not correct
(1)185 ´ ( -2) Statement 2
Þ
9 XYZ = 100X + 10Y + Z
YZX = 100Y + 10Z + X
1 ´ ( -2) 7 ZXY = 100Z + 10X + Y
= i.e Remainder = 7
9 9 = 111 (X + Y + Z), which is divisible by 111
145. (b) Number of prime numbers less than 100 are 25 So, it is correct
146. (c) 1. Of two consecutive integer is always odd and 155. (b) (+1) (–1)+ (+2)(–2)+ (+3)(–13+ (+4)(–4)
other is even. So this is true statement. = –1–4–9–16 = – 30
2. Each odd no is in the form of (2n – 1) 156. (d) The number 1729 = (18 – 1)29 when divided by 18
(2n + 1)2 = 4x2 + 1 + 4n leaves the remainder (– 1)29 = 18 – 1 = 17
The number 1929 = (18 + 1)29 when divided by 18
147. (a) (N P -1 - 1) where n is prime to P then leaves the remainder (1)29 = 1
P is always a prime number. Then after adding these two the remainder will be
148. (d) Let numbers be a, b and c respectively 17 + 1=18 which is divisible by 18 Hence the remainder
According to the question will be 0
a × b = 286 157. (a) For the number to be divisible by 10, it must contain
b × c = 770 the same powers for 2 and 5
Value of b is H.C.F of 286 and 770 = 22 Power of 2 = 2(5 + 16 + 7 + 36 + 6 + 28 + 11) = 2109
\ a = 13 b = 22 c = 35 Power of 5 = 5(3 + 6 + 12 + 14 + 30) = 5(65)
a + b + c = 13 + 22 + 35 = 70 Hence maximum possible power of 10 can be 65 only.
149. (c) 1 × 3 × 5 × 7 .................. × 109 158. (a) If the number is divisible by 9 the sum of all its digit
If any odd number is multiplied by 5 it gives 5 on unit is divisible by 9
place 4 + 7 + 9 + 8 + 6 + 5 + A + B = 39 + A + B is divisible by 9
Hence final unit digit is 5 Possible values of B are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 as it is given that
 EBD_7336
M-22 Number System

last digit is odd 0.12112211122211112222........cannot be represented

For B = 1, A = 5 in the form of p/q.
For B = 3, A = 3 So that is an irrational number.
For B = 5, A = 1 166. (b) 3521= 3130 × 4 + 1
For B = 7, A = 8 As we know 31 = 3 will leave remainder = 3 when
For B = 9, A = 6 divided by 8
159. (d) 999 × abc = def132 167. (d) For prime no units place cannot be occupied by even
We can write the above equation as number except for 2
(1000 – 1) × abc = def132 Thus no of digits occupying unit digit of prime
abc000 – abc = def 000 + 132 = (def + 1) × 1000 – 868 numbers = 6 (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9)
on comparing the LHS and RHS, we get 168. (a) 623 × 759 × (105)2
a = 8, b = 6, and c = 8 and d = a = 8 = 223 × 323 × 39 × 59 × 59 × 32 × 72 × 52
Now, 999 × 868 = 867132 = 223 × 520 × 334 × 72
\ d = 8, e = 6, f = 7 = 223 × 520
160. (c) Option C is incorrect as 6n – 1 form can be a prime 10 is divided by 2 and 5
number but it is not necessarily true. Minimum of 20 and 23 is 20
161. (d) Let the three prime numbers be x, y, y + 36 \ n = 20
169. (b) Unit digit of (318 – 389)
x + y + y + 36 = 100 Þ x + 2y = 64
= Unit digit of (396 – 32 – 388 – 3)
2y is an even number always = Unit digit of (1 × 9 – 1 × 3)
We know that =6
Even + even = even or odd + odd = even 170. (b) (n – 1)2 + n2 + (n + 1)2 + (n + 2)2 = 294
So x has to be even to satisfy x + 2y = 64 n2 + 1 – 2n + n2 + n2 + 1 + 2n + n2 + 4n + 4 = 294
The only even prime on is 2 4n2 + 4n + 6 = 294
4n2 + 4n – 288 = 0
Put x = 2 Þ 2y = 62 Þ Or y = 31
n2 + n – 77 = 0
So the numbers are 2, 31, 67 n2 + 9n – 8n – 72 = 0
Þ (n – 8) (n + 9) = 0
162. (c) Repitition values of unit digits according Þ \ n = 8, –9
to their power \ number are 7, 8, 9, 10
Power 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sum of number = 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 34
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 171. (b) a2 – b2 = 35
2 1 4 9 6 5 6 9 4 1 Þ (a + b) (a – b) = 35 ×1 or 7 × 5
3 1 8 7 4 5 6 3 2 9 Hence, two such pairs are (1,35) and (5,7).
4 1 6 1 6 5 6 1 6 1 172. (c) If p × q is even
then at least one of p or q is even
From the above table we can see that the power 73 is So the statement both p and q are even is a false
of the form 4x + 1
statement
Therefore the unit digit in 773 = 7
173. (c)
163. (d) All the given statements are true. The following are
174. (b) Let x and y be the number of apples and oranges
the examples for all the statements
bought by the person.
Statement 1: Both p and q may be prime numbers.
Ex – 7 and 11 500 - 5x 5(100 - x)
Statement 2: Both p and q may be composite 5x + 7y = 500 Þ y = =
7 7
numbers. Ex – 8 and 12 for x and y to be integers
Statement 3: One of p and q may be prime and the For x = (2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 37, 46, 51, 58, 65, 72, 79, 86, 93)
other composite. y gives integer value
Ex. 13 and 16 Hence, required number = 14
164. (d) 3N > N3 holds for all the natural numbers except N = 175. (b) ATQ, x = 14a + 7 = 15b + 5
3 at which 3N = N3 Þ 33 = 33 For smallest value of x two number a and b should be
165. (d) A number that cannot be represented in the form p/ minimum and when a = 2 = b,
q where p and q are two integers, is known as then, x = 14 × 2 + 7 = 35
lrrational number Ö59049 = 243. Hence it is rational
176. (d) Statement1: 75 is rational number is false
231593 is already in the form of rational number
0.4545454545........ can be represented in the form of Statement 2: - there exerts at least a positive integer
p/q as 5/9
Number System M-23

4x –7 According to the question, Sum of its digits

x such that – <– n × 9 = 3798 Þ n = 422.
5 8
It is true for x > 1 181. (b) Number of prime number between 0 to 50.
x–2 m = 15; Number of prime number between 50 to 100
Statement 3: <1 is not true for all real value of x.
x n = 10; \ m – n = 5
182. (c) 3x + 3x + 1+3x + 2 = 3x (1 + 3 + 9) = 3x ×13
423 - 4 419 Min value of x = 1
Statement 4: 4.232323......= =
99 99 \ Min divisor = 3 × 13 = 39
Hence, it is true 183. (a) Let two digits of the number are x and y, then
177. (c) 1. Number — Unit digit xy = 8 Þ y = 8/x ...(i)
71 — 7 (10x + y) = 4 (10y + x) + 9
72 — 9 10x + y = 40y + 4x + 9
73 — 3 6x = 39y + 9
74 — 1 2x = 13y + 3
75 — 7
104 æ 8ö
7174 — (7)43× 4 — 1 × 9 = 9 2x = +3 çQ y = x ÷
2. Let n is a add number then (n+ 2) is also a odd number, x è ø
Now, (n + 2) – (n)2 = (2n + 2).2 2x2 – 3x – 104 = 0
= 4(n + 1)
13
As n is odd, so (n + 1) is even number and must be Þ x = 8,
divissible by 2. 2
Hence difference of square of two odd number is \ x = 8, y = 1
away divisible by 8. Required number = 81
3. Let n and (n + 2) are two odd number. 184. (c) The greatest number that divide 28200, 44333 and
Now, n(n + 2) + 1 = n 2 + 2n + 1 = (n + 1)2 12288 is the H.C.F. of (28200 – 12288, 44333 – 28200,
This is perfect square 44333 – 12288) = H.C.F of (15912, 16133, 32045) = 121.
Hence, statement 2 and 3 are true 185. (a) From equation we have
178. (c) quotient = 182. 73 – 7 66 11
Remainder = 182 – 175 = 7 P = 0.73 = = =
90 90 15
Number N = 17 × 182 + 7
= 3101 56 – 5 51 17
Q = 0.56 = = =
179. (a) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 gives a number that are, divisible by 90 90 30
2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. \ Distance between P and Q
So, (2×3 × 5 × 7 × 11 + 1) gives a number that are not 11 17 22 –17 5 1
divisible by 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. = – = = =
15 30 30 30 6
Then, that number is not divisible by 4, 6 8, 9, and 10
186. (c) 100x + 10y + z is divisible by 7.
as well.
Hence, number ‘(2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 11 + 1)’ is a prime 100z + 10y + x is divisible by 7.
number. on solving above two equation
180. (b) (99x – 99z) is divisible by 7.
x – z is divisible by 7.
Value of n Number Sum of its digit four possible numbers. are
8 y 1 or 1 y 8 and 9 y 2 or 2 y 9
1 101 –1 < 9 9 187. (d) S = XYZ + YZX + ZXY
S = 100X + 10Y + Z + 100Y + 10Z + X + 100Z + 10X + Y
2 10 2 –1< 99 9 ∗ 9 < 2≥9 = 111 (X + Y + Z) = 3 × 37 (X + Y + Z)
\ 3 digit number s is always divisible by 3,
3 103 –1< 999 9 ∗ 9 ∗ 9 < 3≥9 (x + y + Z) and 37, but not always divided by 9
2ab 2P
n 10n –1< 999....n times 9∗9 188. (c) HM = a + b = S
n time < n ≥9
 EBD_7336
M-24 HCF and LCM

CHAPTER

2 HCF and LCM

1. What is the HCF of the polynomials x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2 and x4 (a) x + b (b) x + a
+ 6x3y + 8x2y2 ? [2007-I] (c) x + 1 (d) x – 1
(a) x (x + 2y) (b) x (x + 3y) 11. If the HCF of (x2 + x – 12) and (2x2 – kx – 9) is (x – k), then
(c) x + 2y (d) None of these what is the value of k ? [2008-I]
2. If (x + k) is the HCf of (x2 + ax + b) and (x2 + cx + d), then (a) – 3 (b) 3 (c) – 4 (d) 4
what is the value of k ? [2007-II] 12. What is the LCM of (6x3 + 60x2 + 150x) and (3x4 + 12x3 –
b+ d b+ d 15x2) ? [2008-I]
(a) (b) 2 2
(a) 6x (x + 5) (x – 1) 2 2
(b) 3x (x + 5) (x – 1)
a +c c+d
(c) 6x2 (x + 5)2 (x – 1)2 (d) 3x2 (x + 5) (x – 1)2
a-b b-d
(c) (d) 13. What is the LCM of (x + 2)2 (x – 2) and x2 – 4x – 12 ?
c-d a -c [2008-II]
3. If the HCF of x3 + mx2 – x + 2m and x2 + mx – 2 is a linear (a) (x + 2) (x – 2) (b) (x + 2)3 (x – 2) (x – 6)
polynomial, then what is the value of m? [2007-II]
(c) (x + 2) (x – 2)2 (d) (x + 2)2 (x – 2) (x – 6)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
14. What is the value of k for which the HCF of 2x2 + kx – 12
4. A person has four iron bars whose lengths are 24 m, 36 and x2 + x – 2k – 2 is (x + 4) ? [2008-II]
m, 48 m and 72 m respectively. This person wants to cut
pieces of same length from each of four bars. What is (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) – 4
the least number of total pieces if he is to cut without 15. If (x + k) is the HCF of ax2 + ax + b and x2 + cx + d, then
any wastage? [2007-II] what is the value of k? [2008-II]
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25 b+ d a+b
5. 5 bells start tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 (a) (b)
a +c c+d
and 10 s, respectively. How many times do the five bells
toll together in 20 min? [2007-II] a-b
(c) (d) None of these
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 15 c-d
6. LCM of two numbers is 16 times their HCF. The sum of 16. 21 mango trees, 42 apple trees and 56 orange trees have to
LCM and HCF is 850. If one number is 50, then what is the be planted in rows such that each row contains the same
other number ? [2007-II] number of trees of one variety only. What is the minimum
number of rows in which the above trees may be planted?
(a) 800 (b) 1200 (c) 1600 (d) 2400
[2008-II]
7. If HCF of m and n is 1, then what are the HCF of m + n, m
(a) 3 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 20
and HCF of m – n, n, respectively ? (m > n) [2007-II]
17. What is the greatest number which divides 392, 486 and
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 1
627 so as to leave the same remainder in each case?
(c) 1 and 1 (d) Cannot be determined
[2009-I]
8. Let p, q and r be natural numbers. If m is their LCM and n
(a) 47 (b) 43 (c) 37 (d) 34
is their HCF, consider the following
18. What is the LCM of (x2 – y2 – z2 – 2yz), (x2 – y2 + z2
I. mn = pqr if each p, q and r is prime.
+ 2xz) and (x2 + y2 – z2 – 2xy) ? [2009-I]
II. mn = pqr if p, q and r are relatively prime in pairs.
(a) (x + y + z) (x + y – z) (x – y + z)
Which of the above statement is/are correct? [2008-I]
(b) (x + y + z) (x – y – z) (x – y + z)
(a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II (c) (x + y + z) (x + y – z) (x – y – z)
9. The LCM of three different numbers is 150. Which of the (d) (x + y – z) (x – y – z) (x – y + z)
following cannot be their HCF? [2008-I] 19 If (x + 2) is the HCF of x2 + ax + b and x2 + cx + d (where, a
¹ c and b ¹ d), then which one of the following is correct?
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 50 (d) 55
[2009-I]
10. What is the HCF of (x2 + bx – x – b) and [x2 + x (a – 1) – a]?
[2008-I] (a) a + c = b + d (b) 2a + b = 2c + d
(c) b + 2c = 2a + d (d) b – 2c = 2a – d
HCF and LCM M-25

20. What are the values of c when the HCF of x3 + cx2 – x + 2c (a) x – 1 (b) x – 2
and x2 + cx – 2 over the rationals is a linear polynomial ? (c) 2x – 1 (d) 2x + 1
[2009-I] 31. What is the sum of the digits of the least number which
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± 3 (d) ± 4 when divided by 52, leaves 33 as remainder, when divided
21. For two natural numbers m and n, let gmn denote the by 78 leaves 59 and when divided by 117, leaves 98 as
greatest common factor of m and n. Consider the following remainder ? [2010-II]
in respect of three natural numbers k, m and n.
(a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (d) 21
I. gm(nk) = g(mn)k II. gmn gnk = gmk
32. What is the HCF of 4x3 + 3x2y – 9xy2 + 2y3 and x2 + xy –
Which of the above statement is/are correct? [2009-II]
2y2 ? [2010-II]
(a) Only I (b) Only II
(a) x – 2y (b) x – y
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(c) (x + 2y) (x – y) (d) (x – 2y) (x – y)
22. If the HCF of x – 27 and x + 4x2 + 12x + k is a quadratic
3 3

polynomial, then what is the value of k ? [2009-II] 33. A number when dinded by 2, 3 or 5 given remainder 1. The
(a) 27 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) – 3 number is [2010-II]
23. What is the LCM of 3(a3 – b3) and 11 (a4 – b4) ? (a) 31 (b) 47 (c) 43 (d) 53
[2009-II] 34. The HCF of two polynomials p(x) and q(x) is 2x (x + 2) and
(a) 33(a3 – b3) (a2 + b2) (a + b) LCM is 24x (x + 2)2 (x – 2). If p(x) = 8x3 + 32x2 + 32x, then
(b) (a3 – b3) (a2 + b2) (a – b) what is q(x) equal to? [2011-I]
3 3
(c) 33(a – b) (a2 + b2 – ab) (a3 – b3) (a) 4x – 16x (b) 6x – 24x
(d) 33(a3 – b3) (a4 – b4) (c) 12x3 + 24x (d) 12x3 – 24x
24. What is the least number which when divided by 42, 72 35. What is the least number of square tiles required to pave
and 84 leaves the remainders 25, 55 and 67, respectively? the floor of a room 9 m 99 cm long and 4 m 7 cm broad?
[2009-II] [2011-I]
(a) 521 (b) 512 (c) 504 (d) 487 (a) 247 (b) 277 (c) 297 (d) 307
25. For any integer n, what is the HCF of integers m = 2n + 1 36. What is the HCF of 3.0, 1.2 and 0.06 ? [2011-I]
and k = 9n + 4? [2010-I] (a) 0.6 (b) 0.06 (c) 6.0 (d) 6.06
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 37. If the HCF of three numbers 144, x and 192 is 12, then the
26. Consider the following statements: number x cannot be [2011-I]
I. The HCF of x + y and x10 – y10 is x + y. (a) 180 (b) 84 (c) 60 (d) 48
II. The HCF of x + y and x10 + y10 is x + y. 38. What is the HCF of (x4 – x2 – 6) and (x4 – 4x2 + 3) ?
III. The HCF of x – y and x10 + y10 is x – y. [2011-I]
IV. The HCF of x – y and x10 – y10 is x – y. 2
(a) x – 3 (b) x + 2
Which of the statement given above are correct ?
(c) x + 3 (d) x2 + 3
[2010-I]
39. What is the LCM of a 3 b – ab 3 , a 3 b 2 + a 2 b 3 and
(a) I and II (b) II and III ab (a + b) ? [2011-II]
(c) I and IV (d) II and IV
(a) a2b2 (a2 – b2) (b) ab (a2 – b2)
27. If the highest common factor of two positive integers is
24, then their least common multiple cannot be [2010-I] (c) a2b2 + ab3 (d) a3b3 (a2 – b2)
(a) 72 (b) 216 (c) 372 (d) 600 40. What is the HCF of the polynomials x4 – 3x + 2, x3 – 3x2 +
28. Consider those number between 300 and 400 such that 3x – 1 and x4 – 1? [2011-II]
when each number is divided by 6, 9 and 12, it leaves 4 as (a) x – 1 (b) x + 1
remainder in each case. What is the sum of the numbers? (c) x2 – 1 (d) None of these
[2010-I] 41. The least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8
(a) 692 (b) 764 (c) 1080 (d) 1092 leaves a remainder 3 is [2011-II]
29. What is the smallest positive integer which when divided (a) 423 (b) 843 (c) 1683 (d) 2523
by 4, 5, 8 and 9 leaves remainder 3, 4, 7 and 8, respectively?
[2010-II] 2 7 14
42. What is the LCM of , and ? [2011-II]
(a) 119 (b) 319 (c) 359 (d) 719 3 9 15
30. If f (x) and g (x) are two polynomials with integral
7 14 2 1
1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
co-efficients which vanish at x = , then what is the 3 3 3 3
2
factor of HCF of f (x) and g (x) ? [2010-II]
 EBD_7336
M-26 HCF and LCM

43. The product of two numbers is 6912 and their GCD is 24. 57. The HCF of two numbers is 98 and their LCM is 2352. The
What is their LCM? [2011-II] sum of the numbers may be [2013-II]
(a) 280 (b) 286 (c) 288 (d) 296 (a) 1372 (b) 1398 (c) 1426 (d) 1484
44. The sum of two numbers is 232 and their HCF is 29. What 58. If for integers a, b and c, if HCF (a, b) = 1 and HCF
is the number of such pairs of numbers satisfying the (a, c) = 1, then which one of the following is correct?
above condition? [2012-I]
[2013-II]
(a) One (b) Two
(a) HCF (a, bc) = 1 (b) HCF (a, bc) = a
(c) Four (d) None of these
(c) HCF (a, bc) = b (d) None of these
45. What is the HCF of 36(3x4 + 5x3 – 2x2), 9(6x3 + 4x2 – 2x)
and 54(27x4 – x)? [2012-I] 59. What is the HCF of 8(x5¢ – x3 + x) and 28 (x6 + 1) ?
(a) 9x (x + 1) (b) 9x (3x – 1) [2014-I]
4 2 4 2
(c) 18x (3x – 1) (d) 18x (x + 1) (a) 4(x – x + 1) (b) 2(x – x + 1)
4 2
46. The HCF and LCM of two natural numbers are 12 and 72, (c) (x – x + 1) (d) None of these
respectively. What is the difference between the two 60. In a fire range, 4 shooters are firing at their respective
numbers, if one of the numbers is 24 ? [2012-I] targets. The first, the second, the third and the fourth
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 24 shooters hit the target once is every 5 s, 6 s, 7 s and 8 s,
47. If (x – 6) is the HCF of x2 – 2x – 24 and x2 – kx – 6, then respectively. If all the them hit their target at 9:00 am, when
what is the value of k ? [2012-II] will they hit their target together again? [2014-I]
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8 (a) 9 : 04 am (b) 9 : 08 am
48. What is the greatest number that divides 13850 and 17030 (c) 9 : 14 am (d) None of these
and leaves a remainder 17? [2012-II] 61. For any integer n, what is HCF (22n + 7, 33n + 10) equal
(a) 477 (b) 159 (c) 107 (d) 87 to? [2014-I]
49. Three planets revolve round the Sun once in 200, 250 and (a) n (b) 1
300 days, respectively in their own orbits. When do they (c) 11 (d) None of these
all come relatively to the same position as at a certain 62. For any integers ‘a’ and ‘b’ with HCF (a, b) = 1, what is
point of time in their orbits? [2012-II]
HCF (a + b, a – b) equal to ? [2014-I]
(a) After 3000 days (b) After 2000 days
(a) It is always 1 (b) It is always 2
(c) After 1500 days (d) After 1200 days
(c) Either 1 or 2 (d) None of these
50. The product of HCF and LCM of 18 and 15 is [2012-II]
63. If a and b be positive integers, then HCF
(a) 120 (b) 150 (c) 175 (d) 270
51. What is the HCF of the polynomials x3 + 8, x2 + 5x + 6 and æ a b ö
ç , ÷ equal to ? [2014-I]
x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 8? [2013-I] è HCF( a, b) HCF( a , b) ø
(a) x + 2 (b) x + 3
(a) a (b) b
(c) (x + 2)2 (d) None of these
52. The LCM of (x3 – x2 – 2x) and (x3 + x2) is [2013-I] (c) 1 (d)
a
3 2 2 HCF (a, b)
(a) x – x – 2x (b) x + x
(c) x4 – x3 – 2x2 (d) x – 2 64. What is the number of integral solutions of the equations
53. The HCF of (x4 – y4) and (x6 – y6) is [2013-I] HCF (a, b) = 5 and a + b = 65 ? [2014-I]
2 2
(a) x – y (b) x – y (a) None (b) Infinitely many
(c) x3 – y3 (d) x4 – y4 (c) Less than 65 (d) Exactly one
54. The LCM of two numbers is 2376 while their HCF is 33. If 65. The LCM of two intergers is 1237. What is their HCF ?
one of the numbers is 297, then the other number is [2014-II]
[2013-I] (a) 37 (b) 19
(a) 216 (b) 264 (c) 642 (d) 792 (c) 1 (d) Cannot be determined
55. What is the LCM of x2 + 2x – 8, x3 – 4x2 + 4x and x2 + 4x ?
66. There are 48 cricket balls, 72 hockey balls and 84 tennis
[2013-II]
balls and they have to be arranged in several rows in such
(a) x (x + 4) (x – 2)2 (b) x (x + 4) (x – 2) a way that every row contains the same number balls of
(c) x (x + 4) (x + 2)2 (d) x (x + 4)2 (x – 2) balls of one type. What is the minimum number of rows
56. What is the HCF of a b + 2a2b2 and (ab)7 – 4a2b9?
2 4
required for this to happen ? [2014-II]
[2013-II] (a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 19
(a) ab (b) a2b3 (c) a2b2 (d) a3b3
HCF and LCM M-27

67. The HCF of two natural numbers m and n is 24 and their Which of the above are correct?
product is 552. How many sets of values of m and n are (a) 1 only (b) 3 and 4 only
possible ? [2014-II] (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) 1 76. There are two numbers p and q such that their HCF is 1.
(b) 2 Which of the following statements are correct? [2016-II]
(c) 4 1. Both p and q may be prime.
(d) No set of m and n is possible satisfying the given 2. One number may be prime and the other composite.
conditions 3. Both the numbers may be composite.
68. The LCM of two numbers is 90 times their HCF. The sum Select the correct answer using the code given below : ,
of LCM and HCF is 1456. If one of the numbers is 160, (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
then what is the other number ? [2014-II]
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 120 (b) 136
(c) 144 (d) 184 77. Consider the following statements : [2017-I]
69. The HCF and LCM of two polynomials are (x + y) and 1. If a = bc with HCF (b, c) = 1, then
(3x5+ 5x4y + 2x3y2– 3x2y3– 5xy4–2y5) respectively. If one HCF (c, bd) = HCF (c, d).
of the polynomials is (x2 – y2), then the other polynomial 2. If a = bc with HCF (b, c) = 1, then
is 2015-I] LCM (a, d) = LCM (3, bd).
(a) 3x4 –8x3y+10x2y2 +7xy3 –2y4 Which of the above statements is/are correct ? [2017- I]
(b) 3x4 – 8x3y – 10x2y2 + 7xy3 + 2y4 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 3x4 + 8x3y+10x2y2 + 7xy3 +2y4 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 3x4 + 8x3y – 10x2y2 + 7xy3 + 2y4 78. What is the LCM of x + 8, x + 5x + 6 and x3 + 4x2 + 4x ?
3 2
70. What is the sum of digits of the least multiple of 13, which (a) x (x + 2)2 (x + 3) (x2 – 2x + 4)
when divided by 6, 8 and 12 leaves 5, 7 and 11 respectively (b) x (x – 2)2 (x – 3) (x2 + 2x + 4)
as the remainders ? [2015-II] (c) (x + 2)2 (x + 3) (x2 – 2x + 4)
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (d) (x–2)2 (x–3) (x2 – 2x + 4)
71. A number when divided by 7 leaves a remainder 3 and the 79. The HCF of two expressions p and q is 1. What is the
resulting quotient when divided by 11 leaves a remainder reciprocal of their LCM ? [2017- I]
6. If the same number when divided by 11 leaves a
(a) p + q (b) p – q
remainder m and the resulting quotient when divided by 7
leaves a remainder n. What are the values of m and n (c) pq (d) (pq)–1
respectively? [2015-II] 80. How many numbers from 1 to 1000 are divisible by 2, 3, 4
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 4 and 1 (c) 3 and 6 (d) 6 and 3 and 5? [2017- II]
72. If (x+1) is the HCF of Ax2 + Bx + C and Bx2 + Ax + C where (a) 16 (b) 17
A ¹ B, then the value of C is [2015-II] (c) 32 (d) None of the above
(a) A (b) B (c) A–B (d) 0 81. The product of two non-zero expressions is (x + y + z) p 3.
73. The LCM of two numbers is 12 times their HCF. The sum If their HCF is p2, then their LCM is [2017- II]
of HCF and LCM is 403. If one of the numbers is 93, then (a) (x + y + z) (b) (x + y + z) p2
the other number is [2015-II] (c) (x + y + z) p5 (d) (x + y + z) p
(a) 124 (b) 128 (c) 134 (d) 138 82. If the HCF of polynomials [2017- II]
74. The sum and difference of two expressions are 5x2 – x – 4 f(x) = (x – 1) (x2 + 3x + a) and
and x2 + 9x – 10 respectively. The HCP of the two
g(x) = (x + 2) (x2 + 2x + b) is (x2 + x – 2),
expression will be [2016-I]
then what are the values of a and b respectively?
(a) (x + 1) (b) (x – 1)
(a) 2, 2 (b) 2, –3
(c) (3x + 7) (d) (2x – 3)
(c) –1, –3 (d) –2, –1
75. Consider the following in respect of natural numbers a, b
and c: [2016-I] 83. How many numbers between 500 and 1000 are divisible
by 13? [2017- II]
1. LCM (ab, ac) = a LCM (b, c)
(a) 36 (b) 37 (c) 38 (d) 39
2. HCF (ab, ac) = a HCF (b, c)
84. There are two numbers which are greater than 21 and
3. HCF (a, b) < LCM (a, b)
their LCM and HCF are 3003 and 21 respectively. What
4. HCF (a, b) divides LCM (a, b) is the sum of these numbers? [2018-I]
(a) 504 (b) 508 (c) 514 (d) 528
 EBD_7336
M-28 HCF and LCM

85. Walls (excluding their roofs and floors) of 5 identical 90. X, Y and Z start at same point and same time in the same
rooms having length, breadth and height 6 m, 4 m and 2.5 direction to run around a circular stadium. X completes a
m respectively are to be painted. Paints are available only round in 252 seconds, Y in 308 seconds and Z in 198
in cans of 1 L and one litre of paint can be used for painting seconds. After what time will they meet again at the starting
20 square metres. What is the number of cans required for point ? [2019-II]
painting? 2018-I] (a) 26 minutes 18 seconds(b) 42 minutes 36 seconds
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14 (c) 45 minutes (d) 46 minutes 12 seconds
86. HCF and LCM of two polynomials are (x + 3) and (x3 – 9x2 1 5 2 4
91. What is the LCM of , , , ? [2019-II]
– x + 105) respectively. If one of the two polynomials is x2 3 6 9 27
– 4x – 21, then the other is [2018-II] 5 1 10 20
(a) x2 + 2x – 21 (b) x2 + 2x + 15 (a) (b) (c) (d)
18 27 27 3
(c) x2 – 2x – 15 (d) x2 – x – 15
92. Two unequal pairs of numbers satisfy the following conditions:
87. The product of two integers p and q, where p > 60 and q
[2020-I]
> 60, is 7168 and their HCF is 16. The sum of these two
(i) The product of the two numbers in each pair is 2160.
integers is [2018-II]
(ii) The HCF of the two numbers in each pair is 12.
(a) 256 (b) 184 (c) 176 (d) 164
If x is the mean of the numbers in the first pair and y is the
88. What is the LCM of the polynomials [2019-II]
mean of the numbers in the second pair, then what is the
x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1,
mean of x and y ?
x3 + 5x2 + 5x + 4 and
(a) 60 (b) 72 (c) 75 (d) 78
x2 + 5x + 4?
93. If (x + k) is the HCF of x2 + 5x + 6 and .x2 + 8x + 15, then
(a) (x + l)3(x + 4)(x2 + x + 1) (b) (x + 4)(x2 + x + 1)
what is the value of k ? [2020-I]
(c) (x +1)(x2 + x + 1) (d) (x + l)2(x + 4)(x2 + x + l)
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
89. HCF of two numbers is 12. Which one of the following
94. What is the least perfect square which is divisible by 3, 4,
can never be their LCM ? [2019-II]
5, 6 and 7 ? [2020-I]
(a) 80 (b) 60 (c) 36 (d) 24
(a) 1764 (b) 17640 (c) 44100 (d) 176400

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Let f1(x) = x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2 and f2(x) = x2 + x – 2 = (x + 2) (x – 1)
= x (x2 + 3yx + 2y2) When x = 1,
= x (x2 + 2xy + xy + 2y2) f (1) = 1 + 1 – 1 + 2 ¹ 0
= x [x (x + 2y) + y (x + 2y)] When x = – 2,
= x (x + y) (x + 2y) f (– 2) = (–2)3 + (–2)2 – (– 2) + 2 = 0
Required value of m is 1.
and f2(x) = x4 + 6x3y + 8x2y2
4. (b) 24 = 12 × 2,
= x2 (x2 + 6xy + 8y2)
36 = 12 × 3,
= x2 (x2 + 2xy + 4xy + 8y2)
48 = 12 × 4,
= x2 [x (x + 2y) + 4y (x + 2y)]
and 72 = 12 × 6
= x2 (x + 2y) (x + 4y)
\ HCF (24, 36, 48, 72) = 12
\ HCF of f1(x) and f2(x) = x (x + 2y)
Total pieces = 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 15
2. (d) (x + k) is the HCF of (x2 + ax + b) and (x2 + cx + d). 5. (a) LCM of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 is 120s.
\ (– k)2 + a (– k) + b = 0 i.e., 2 min after tolling together.
= (– k)2 + c (– k) + d
Total time
Þ (a – c) k = (b – d) Total in 20 min =
LCM t intervals
b-d
Þ k= 20 min
a -c In 20 min tolling = = 10 times.
2 min
3. (a) Let f1(x) = x3 + mx2 – x + 2m 6. (a) Let first number = x, second number = y
and f2(x) = x2 + mx – 2 \ LCM × HCF = Product of numbers = x × y
Let m=1 Also, LCM = 16 HCF, LCM + HCF = 850 and
\ f1(x) = x3 + x2 – x + 2 x = 50
HCF and LCM M-29

\ 17 HCF = 850 15. (d) x + k is the HCF of given expression, then

Þ HCF = 50 x = – k, root of the function
Now, LCM = 16 × 50 = 800 Now, a (– k)2 – ak + b = 0 = k2 – ck + d
\ 800 × 50 = 50 × y Þ k2 (a – 1) – (a – c) k + b – d = 0
\ y = 800
7. (c) HCF of m and n is 1. (a - c) ± (a - c )2 - 4(a - 1)(b - d )
\ HCF (m + n, m) = 1 Þ k=
2(a - 1)
and HCF (m – n, n) =1
8. (c) Let P = 10, q = 11, r = 13 (Co-prime numbers) 21 42 56
LCM of (10, 11, 13) = 1430 16. (c) Minimum number of rows = + + = 17.
7 7 7
HCF (10, 11, 13) = 1
17. (a) Given numbers are 392, 486 and 627.
mn = 1430 × 1 = 1430
For same remainder
Also, pqr = 10 × 11 × 13 = 1430
486 – 392 = 94
So, mn = pqr
627 – 486 = 141
9. (d) We know that LCM is the multiple of HCF. So that 55
cannot be HCF because it is not divisor of 150. 627 – 392 = 235
10. (d) Let f1(x) = x2 + bx – x – b HCF of (94, 141, 235) = 47
= x (x + b) – 1 (x + b) 18. (b) LCM of [{x2 – (y + z)2}, {(x + z)2 – y2}, {(x – y)2 – z2}]
= (x – 1) (x + b) = LCM of [(x + y + z) (x – y – z), (x + z + y)
and f2(x) = x2 + xa – x – a (x + z – y), (x – y + z) (x – y – z)]
= x (x + a) – 1 (x + a) = (x + y + z) (x – y – z) (x – y + z)
= (x + a) (x – 1) 19. (c) Let f (x) = x2 + ax + b and g (x) = x2 + cx + d
\ HCF of f1(x) and f2(x) = (x – 1) \ f (– 2) = 4 – 2a + b = 0 Þ b – 2a = – 4
11. (b) HCF of x2 + x – 12 and 2x2 – kx – 9 is (x – k), and g (– 2) = 4 – 2c + d = 0 Þ d – 2c = – 4
then x = k will be the factor of 2x2 – kx – 9 \ b – 2a = d – 2c Þ b + 2c = d + 2a
\ 2k2 – k2 – 9 = 0 20. (a) Let f1(x) = x3 + cx2 – x + 2c
Þ k2 – 9 = 0 and f2(x) = x2 + cx – 2
k=±3 Let c = 1
and factor of x2 + x – 12 are (x + 4) (x – 3). \ f1(x) = x3 + x2 – x + 2 = (x + 2) (x2 – x + 1)
Hence, the value of k is 3. f2 (x) = x2 + x – 2 = (x + 2) (x – 1)
12. (a) Let f1(x) = 6x3 + 60x2 + 150x Here, (x + 2) is HCF of f1(x) and f2(x) which is linear.
= 6x (x2 + 10x + 25) 21. (d) Let 2 natural numbers m and n are 12 are 18.
= 3 × 2 × x × (x + 5)2 \ HCF of 12 and 18 = gmn = 6
and f2(x) = 3x4 + 12x3 – 15x2 Let third natural number k is 20.
= 3x2 (x2 + 4x – 5) So, gnk = HCF (18, 20) = 2 and gmk = 4
= 3x2 (x2 + 5x – x – 5) So, gm(nk) = HCF (12, 360) = 12
= 3x2 (x + 5) (x – 1) So, g(mn)k = HCF (216, 20) = 4
\ LCM of f1(x) and f2(x) From I statement, gm(nk) ¹ g(mn)k
= 3 × 2 × x2 × (x + 5)2 (x – 1) From II statement, gmn gnk ¹ gmk
= 6x2 (x + 5)2 (x – 1) So, both statements are false.
13. (d) Let f1(x) = (x + 2)2 (x – 2) 22. (b) Given that x3 – 27 = (x – 3) (x2 + 9 + 3x)
and f2(x) = x2 – 4x – 12 = (x – 6) (x + 2)
\ LCM of f1(x), f2(x) = (x + 2)2 (x – 2) (x – 6) x +1
14. (a) (x + 4) is HCF, so it will be common in both expression. x 2 + 9 + 3x x3 + 4 x 2 + 12 x + k
x = – 4 will make each one zero. _ x3 ± 3 x 2 ± 9 x
\ 2 (– 4)2 + k (– 4) – 12 = 0
and (– 4)2 + (– 4) – 2k – 2 = 0 x2 + 3 x + k
Þ 32 – 12 = 4k _ x2 ± 3x ± 9
and 16 – 6 = 2k k -9
\ k=5
Hence the value of k should be 9.
 EBD_7336
M-30 HCF and LCM

23. (a) Given expression can be written as 32. (c) Given function
3(a3 – b3) = 3(a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab) f1(x) = 4x3 + 3x2y – 9xy2 + 2y3
and 11(a4 – b4) = 11(a – b) (a + b) (a2 + b2) = (x – y) (4x2 + 7xy – 2y2)
\ Required LCM = 33 (a3 – b3) (a + b) (a2 + b2) = (x – y) (x + 2y) (4x – y)
24. (d) LCM of 42, 72 and 84 = 504 and another function
Difference between divisor and remainder f2(x) = x2 + xy – 2y2 = (x – y) (x + 2y)
HCF of f1(x) and f2(x) = (x – y) (x + 2y)
= 25 – 42 = 55 – 72 = 67 – 84
33. (a) LCM of 2, 3, 5 = 30
= – 17
30 is least number which is divided by 2, 3 and 5.
Required number = 504 – 17 = 487.
The number of which gives reminder = 30 + 1 = 31.
25. (b) Here n = Integer.
34. (b) Q p(x) × q(x) = LCM × HCF
m = 2n + 1 and k = 9n + 4
\ (8x3 + 32x2 + 32x) × q(x)
HCF of (m, k) = HCF (2n + 1, 9n + 4)
= 2x (x + 2) × 24x (x + 2)2 (x – 2)

48 x 2 ( x + 2)3 ( x - 2)
Þ q(x) =
– – 8 x( x 2 + 4 x + 4)

– 6 x( x + 2)3 ( x - 2)
=
( x + 2)2
× = 6x (x2 – 4) = 6x3 – 24x
35. (c) For the least number of tiles to pave the floor, the
HCF of (m, k) = 1 size of tiles should be maximum.
26. (c) If we put x = y in the expression x10 – y10, then x10 – \ Side of tiles = HCF of 999 and 407 = 37 cm
y10 = 0. So (x – y) is factor of x10 – y10
Similarly, if we put x = – y in the expression x10 – y10 999 ´ 407
\ Required number of tiles = = 297
= 0. So (x + y) is a factor of x10 – y10 37 ´ 37
So, statement I and IV are true. 36. (b) Multiply by 100
27. (c) In the given options, only 372 is not divisible by 24. 3.0 = 300
Therefore, LCM of numbers cannot be 372. 1 . 2 = 120
28. (a) LCM of (6, 9, 12) = 36 0.06 = 6
Then, number is the form of 36p + 4. Now, HCF of (300, 120, 6) = 6
Since, the required number between 300 and 400. So, HCF (3.0, 1.2, 0.06) = 0.06
\ p = 9 and 10 37. (d) Here given the HCF of 144, x, 192 is 12.
\ Required sum = 328 + 364 = 692
1
29. (c) LCM of (4, 5, 8, 9) = 360
144 192
Difference between divisor and remainder.
144
= 3 – 4 = 4 – 5 = 7 – 8.
´48 x
=8–9=–1
Hence, Required value = 360 – 1 = 359. x can not be 48 because HCF is 12.
1 38. (a) x4 – x2 – 6 = x4 – 3x2 + 2x2 – 6
30. (c) Q f (x) and g (x) vanish at x = = x2 (x2 – 3) + 2 (x2 – 3)
2
= (x2 – 3) (x2 + 2)
So, (2x – 1) is a factor of f (x) and g (x) both.
and x4 – 4x2 + 3 = x4 – 3x2 – x2 + 3
Hence, a factor of f (x) and g (x) = 2x – 1.
= x2 (x2 – 3) – 1 (x2 – 3)
31. (a) Here, 52 – 33 = 78 – 59 = 117 – 98 = 19
= (x2 – 3) (x2 – 1)
Now, 52 = 13 × 2 × 2
\ HCF = (x2 – 3)
78 = 13 × 2 × 3
39. (a) Here, a3b – ab3 = ab (a2 – b2) = ab (a – b) (a + b)
117 = 13 × 3 × 3
a3b2 + a2b3 = a2b2 (a + b) and
\ LCM = 13 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 468
ab (a + b) = ab (a + b)
\ Required number = 468 – 19 = 449
\ LCM [(a3b – ab3), (a3b2 + a2b3), ab (a + b)]
Hence, the sum of digits is 17.
= a2b2 (a + b) (a – b) = a2b2 (a2 – b2)
HCF and LCM M-31

40. (a) Let f1 (x) = x4 – 3x + 2 = (x – 1) (x3 + x2 + x – 2) 48. (b) Here 13850 and 17030 are two numbers which leaves
f2 (x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1 = (x – 1)3 remainder 17.
and f3 (x) = x4 – 1 = (x – 1) (x + 1) (x2 + 1) Now, 13850 – 17 = 13833
\ HCF of f1(x), f2(x), f3(x) = x – 1 17013 – 17 = 17013
41. (b) We find out the LCM of given numbers. 13833 = 159 × 3 × 29
\ LCM (5, 6, 7, 8) = LCM (5, 2 × 3, 7, 2 × 4)
17013 = 107 × 159
= 2 × 5 × 3 × 7 × 4 = 840
\ HCF = 159.
\ Required number = 840 + 3 = 843
It is the greatest number.
æ 2 7 14 ö LCM(2, 7,14) 14
42. (b) LCM ç , , ÷ = = 49. (a) Given that, three planets revolves the Sun once in
è 3 9 15 ø HCF(3,9,15) 3
200, 250, 300 days,.
43. (c) Let the numbers be 24x and 24y.
\ Required time = LCM of (200, 250, 300) = 3000 days
6912 Now, after 3000 days they all come relatively to the
\ 24x × 24y = 6912 Þ xy = = 12
(24) 2 same position as at a certain point of time in their orbits.
\ LCM is 24 × 12 = 288 50. (d) HCF of 18 and 15 = 3
44. (b) Let two numbers by 29x and 29y. LCM of 18 and 15 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 90
\ 29x + 29y = 232 Þ x + y = 8 \ Product of HCF and LCM of both numbers
Þ (x, y) = (1, 7), (3, 5) = 3 × 90 = 270
Since, one such pair is 87 and 145. 51. (a) Let f1 (x) = x3 + 8
Hence, the other pairs is 203 and 29. = x3 + 23 = (x + 2) (x2 – 2x + 4)
45. (c) Let f1 (x) = 36 (3x4 + 5x3 – 2x2) = (x + 2) (x – 2)2 = (x + 2) (x – 2) (x – 2)
= 36x2 (3x2 + 5x – 2) f2(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 = x2 + 3x + 2x + 6
= 36 . x2 {3x2 + 6x – x – 2} = x (x + 3) + 2 (x + 3)
= 36 . x2 {3x (x + 2) – 1 (x + 2)} = (x + 3) (x + 2)
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × x × x × (x + 2) (3x – 1) and f3(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 8
f2 (x) = 9 (6x3 + 4x2 – 2x) = x2 (x + 2) + 4 (x + 2)
= 9x (6x2 + 4x – 2) = (x + 2) (x2 + 4)
= 18x (3x2 + 2x – 1) \ HCF of [f1(x), f2(x), f3(x)] = x + 2
52. (c) Let f1(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x = x (x2 – x – 2)
= 18x (3x2 + 3x – x – 1)
= 3 × 3 × 2 × x (3x – 1) (x + 1) = x {x2 – 2x + x – 2}
f3 (x) = 54(27x4 – x) = x {x (x – 2) + 1 (x – 2)} = x (x + 1) (x – 2)
= 54x(27x3 – 1) and f2(x) = x3 + x2 = x2 (x + 1) = x . x (x + 1)
= 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × x × (3x – 1) (9x2 + 3x + 1) \ LCM of [f1(x), f2(x)] = x (x + 1) . x (x – 2)
\ HCF of f1 (x), f2 (x), f3 (x) = x2 (x + 1) (x – 2) = x2 (x2 – x – 2)
= 2 × 3 × 3 × x × (3x – 1) = x4 – x3 – 2x2
= 18x (3x – 1) 53. (a) Let f1(x) = (x4 – y4) = [(x2)2 – (y2)2]
LCM × HCF 72 ´ 12 = (x2 – y2) (x2 + y2)
46. (a) Second number = = = 36 = (x – y) (x + y) (x2 + y2)
First number 24
and f2(x) = (x6 – y6) = (x3)2 – (y3)2
\ Difference between two numbers = 36 – 24 = 12
= (x3 + y3) (x3 – y3)
47. (b) Here, (x – 6) is the HCF of x2 – 2x – 24 and x2 – kx – 6
= (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)
So, that (x – 6) is a factor of both expression. = (x – y) (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) (x2 + xy + y2)
According to question, \ HCF of [f1(x), f2(x)] = (x – y) (x + y) = x2 – y2
Þ f (x1) = f (x2) at (x1 = x2 = 6) 54. (b) From formula,
Þ (6)2 – 2(6) – 24 = (6)2 – k(6) – 6 (By condition) \ (HCF to two numbers) × (LCM of two numbers)
Þ 36 – 12 – 24 = 36 – 6k – 6 = (First number) × (Second number)
Þ 0 = 30 – 6k Þ 6k = 30
33 ´ 2376
\ k=5 \ Second number = = 264
297
 EBD_7336
M-32 HCF and LCM

55. (a) x2 + 2x – 8 = x2 + 4x – 2x – 8 HCF is equal = 1

= x (x + 4) – 2 (x + 4) = (x – 2) (x + 4) Let a = 23 and b = 17
x3 – 4x2 + 4x = x3 – 2x2 – 2x2 + 4x HCF (23, 17) = 1
= x2 (x – 2) – 2x (x – 2) HCF (23 + 17, 23 – 17) = HCF (40, 6) = 2
= (x2 – 2x) (x – 2) = x (x – 2) (x – 2) So, HCF (a + b, a – b) = Either 1 or 2
x2 + 4x = x (x + 4)
æ a b ö
So, LCM of (x2 + 2x – 8), (x 3 – 4x2 + 4x) and 63. (c) HCF ç , ÷
(x2 + 4x) = x (x – 2) (x + 4) (x – 2) è HCF( a , b ) HCF( a , b ) ø
= x (x + 4) (x – 2)2 HCF (a,b) HCF (a,b)
56. (c) a2b4 + 2a2b2 = a2b2 (b2 + 2) = = =1
LCM(HCF (a,b), HCF (a,b)) HCF (a,b)
and (ab)7 – 4a2b9 = a7b7 – 4a2b9
= a2b2 (a5b5 – 4b7) Example 1: a = 12 and b = 24
HCF of [(a2b4 + 2a2b2), ((ab)7 – 4a2b9) = a2b2 æ 12 24 ö
57. (a) HCF of two numbers is 98. It means that 98 is common HCF of ç , ÷
è HCF(12, 24) HCF(12, 24) ø
in both the numbers. Therefore, the sum of these
two numbers also be multiple of 98. So, 1372 is divided æ 12 24 ö
by 98. = HCF ç , ÷ = HCF (1, 2) = 1.
è 12 12 ø
58. (a) For integers a, b and c, if HCF (a, b) = 1 and HCF (a,
c) = 1, then HCF (a, bc) = 1 Example 2: a = 19, b = 23
59. (a) Let f1 (x) = 8(x5 – x3 + x) æ 19 23 ö
= 4 × 2 × x (x4 – x2 + 1) HCF of ç , ÷
è HCF(19, 23) HCF(19, 23) ø
and f2(x) = 28(x6 + 1) = 7 × 4[(x2)3 + (1)3]
= 4 × 7 × (x2 + 1) (x4 – x2 + 1) æ 19 23 ö
= HCF of ç , ÷
\ HCF of f1(x) and f2(x) = 4(x4 – x2 + 1) è 1 1 ø
60. (c) Time after which they will hit the target again together = HCF of (19, 23) = 1
= LCM (5, 6, 7 and 8) 64. (c) Q HCF (a, b) = 5
2 5, 6, 7,8 Let a = 5x and b = 5y
5,3, 7, 4 \ 5x + 5y = 65
Þ x + y = 13
= 5 × 3 × 7 × 2 × 4 = 840 s \ Number of pairs of (x, y)
840 = (1, 12), (2, 11) ((3, 10), (4, 9), (5, 8), (6, 7)
They hit after target together = = 14 min.
60 Hence, total number of solution is less than 65.
So, next time target = 9 : 00 am + 14 min 65. (c) Given, LCM of two intergers is 1237, which is a prime
= 9 : 14 am number.
61. (b) HCF of (22n + 7, 33n + 10) is always 1 So, their HCF is 1
66. (c) HCF of 48, 72 and 84 = 22 × 3 = 12
Examples
For n = 1, HCF (29, 43) Þ HCF = 1 48 72 84
minimum number of rows = + +
For n = 2, HCF (51, 76) Þ HCF = 1 12 12 12
For n = 3, HCF (73, 109) Þ HCF = 1 = 4 + 6 + 7 = 17
since 22n and 33n are multiples of 11, therefore 67. (d) HCF of two natural numbers m and n = 24
22n + 7 and 33n + 10 are not the multiple of 11. m × n = 552
Hence, HCF of 22n + 7 and 33 + 10 will not be equal to LCM of two natural numbers
11 or n. Product of m and n
=
62. (c) Given that HCF (a, b) = 1 means that a and b are co- HCFof m and n
prime numbers.
So, HCF (a + b, a – b) 552
= = 23
Let a = 4, b = 3 24
HCF (4, 3) = 1 Therefore, no set of m and n is possible satisfying
Now, HCF (3 + 4, 4 – 3) = HCF (7, 1) the given condition.
HCF and LCM M-33

68. (c) Let the HCF of two number = x 73. (a) LCM × HCF = 1st number × 2nd number
The LCM of two numbers = 90x Let the 1st number be ‘A’ and 2nd number be ‘B’.
According to question L× H=A× B
LCM + HCF = 1456 L × 12 L = 93 × B
90x + x = 1456 12 L2 = 93 B --------------(i)
x = 16 L + H = 403 --------------(ii)
HCF of two numbers = 16, L + 12L = 403
LCM of two number = 1440 403
LCM × HCF = Ist numbers × 2nd number L< < 31
13
1440 ´ 16 12 × 31 × 31 = 93 B
Þ 2nd Number = = 144
160
12 ´31´31
69. (c) HCF × LCM = 1st polynomial × 2nd polynomial B=
93
HCF ´ LCM B = 4 × 31
Þ 2nd polynomial = st
1 Polynomial B = 124
So, option (a) is correct.
( x + y ) ´ (3 x5 + 5 x 4 y + 2 x3 y 2 – 3 x 2 y 3 – 5 xy 4 – 2 y 5 ) 74. (b) Let p(x) and q(x) be two expressions,
=
(x2 – y2 ) then p(x) + q(x) = 5x2 – x – 4 ...(i)
= 3x4 + 8x3y + 10x2y2 + 7xy3 + 2y4 and p(x) – q(x) = x2 + 9x – 10 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
70. (d) LCM of 6, 8, 12 is 24 2p(x) = 6x2 + 8x – 14 and 2q(x) = 4x2 – 10x + 6
Number is when divided by 6, 8 and 12 leaves 5, 6 and p(x) = 3x2 + 4x – 7 Þ q(x) = 2x2 – 5x + 3
11 as remainders, as 6 – 5 = 1, 8 – 7 = 1, 12 – 11 = 1 Þ p(x) = (3x + 7) (x – 1) and q(x) = (x – 1) (2x – 3)
So (24 k – 1) will be divisible by 13. H.C.F. of two expressions p(x) and q(x) is (x – 1)
24k ,1 \ Option (b) is correct.
Þ is divisible for kmin = 6 75. (a)
13 76. (d) All the statement are true example for each statement.
at k = 6 1. take number 2 and 3
Number is = 24 k – 1 2. take number 7 and 25
= 24 × 6 – 1 = 143 3. take number 25 and 16
Sum of its digit = 1 + 4 + 3 = 8 and many more.
So, option (d) is correct 77. (a) Putting any random number
71. (a) This is an example of successive division. Let the eg a = 6, b = 2, c = 3 and d = 6 in 1 statement
number be N. The number and successive quotients, it can be varified that this statement is correct and
the successive divisors and the corresponding statement 2 is incorrect.
remainders are tabulated below : 78. (a) x3 + 23 = (x + 2) (x2 – 2x + 4)
Quotients N q1 q2 x2 + 5x + 6 = x2 + 2x + 3x + 6
Dinsors 7 11 = (x + 2) (x + 3)
x3 + 4x2 + 4x = x (x2 + 4x + 4)
Remainder 3 6
x (x + 2) (x + 2)
One value of N is 6(7) + 3 = 45 LCM = x (x + 2)2 (x + 3) (x2 – 2x + 4)
In general, N = 77K + 45 79. (d) LCM of p and q is 1
\ N = 11 (7k + 4) + 1 i.e. m = 1 LCM = pq
and q1 = 7k + 4, q2 = k and n = 4
\ (m, n ) = (1, 4) 1
So, option (a) is correct.
Reciprocal =
pq
= pq–1
72. (d) If (x + 1) is HCF then x = –1 will satisfy both the 80. (a) LCM of 2, 3, 4 and 5 is 60.
equation-
Number of numbers divisible by 60 from 1 to 600 = 10
A(–1)2 + B(–1) + C = 0
Þ A–B+C =0 ----------(a) Number of numbers divisible by 60 from 601 to 900
B(–1)2 + A(–1) + C = 0 i.e. from 300 numbers = 5
Þ B –A+ C = 0 ----------(b) Number of numbers divisible by 60 from 901 to
Adding equ. (a) and (b) 1000 i.e. from 100 numbers = 1
A– B + C + B –A+ C = 0 Total numbers = 10 + 5 + 1 = 16
2C = 0 81. (d) We are given that HCF = p2 and the product of two
C<0 non-zero expressions = (x + y + z) p3
We know that HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
So, option (d) is correct.
 EBD_7336
M-34 HCF and LCM

Therefore, 250
Required paint = = 12.5 l
p 2 ´ LCM = ( x + y + z ) p 3 Þ LCM 20
Hence, 13 cans are required.
( x + y + z ) p 3 = (x + y + z) p 86. (c) We know that,
=
p2 Product of two polynomial = HCF × LCM
82. (b) Since HCF of two polynomials is x2 + x – 2, therefore \ One polynomial ×(x2 – 4x – 21)
splitting this polynomial by middle term, we get = (x + 3) × (x3 – 9x2 – x + 105)

x2 + x - 2 = x 2 + 2 x - x - 2 = x( x + 2) - ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x - 7) ( x 2 - 2 x - 15)
\ Polynomial =
= (x – 1)(x + 2) ( x + 3)( x - 7)
Being the HCF of the given polynomials, we con-
clude that (x – 1)(x + 2) is a factor of f (x) and g (x). = (x2 – 2x – 15)
Therefore, dividing f (x) by the HCF and dividing g \ Required polynomial = (x2 –2x – 15)
(x) by the HCF will give the values of a and b. 87. (c) Let p = 16a and q = 16b
2 2
( x - 1)( x + 3x + a ) ( x + 3x + a ) Where a and b are co-prime.
Now, = Now, 16a × 16b = 7168
( x - 1)( x + 2) ( x + 2)
ab = 28
( x + 2)( x 2 + 2 x + b ) ( x 2 + 2 x + b ) Possible pair of co-prime (a, b) such that p, q > 0,
and = = (4, 7), or (7, 4)
( x - 1)( x + 2) ( x - 1)
Now, p = 16 × 4 = 64,
Since (x + 2) is a factor of (x2 + 3x + a), therefore, q = 16 × 7 = 112
x = – 2will satisfy this polynomial. Thus, \ (p + q) = 64 + 112 = 176
x 2 + 3x + a = 0 Þ (-2)2 + 3. - 2 + a = 0 88. (a) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 = (x + 1)3
x3 + 5x2 + 5x + 4 = (x + 4) (x2 + x + 1)
Þ 4 - 6 + a = 0 Þ -2 + a = 0 Þ a = 2
x2 + 5x + 4 = (x + 1)(x + 4)
Also, since (x – 1) is a factor of x2 + 2x + b, therefore,
x = 1 will satisfy this polynomial. Thus, L.C.M = (x + 1)3 (x + 4) (x2 + x +1)
89. (a) Let two numbers are 12a and 12b.
r x 2 + 2 x + b = 0 Þ 1 + 2 + b = 0 Þ b + 3 = 0 Þ b = -3
Such that H.C.F = 12.
Hence, a = 2, b = – 3 then L.C.M = 12.a.b
83. (c) Consider a = 507, b = 988, d = 13 Here, L.C.M of these two number must be divisible by 12.
b-a ‘80’ is not divisible by 12, so can not be L.C.M
n= +1 90. (d) X completes a round in inch 252 sec.
d
Y completes a round in inch 308 sec.
988 - 507 Z completes a round in inch 198 sec.
n= +1
13 L.C.M of 252, 308 and 198 = 2 × 2× 3 × 3 × 7 × 11
481 = 2772 sec.
n= +1
13 = 46 min. 12 sec.
n = 37 + 1 1 5 2 4
91. (d) L.C.M of , , ,
n = 38 3 6 9 27
84. (a) Let numbers be 21x and 21y L.C.M of 1,5, 2,4 20
According to the question = =
21x × 21y = 21 × 3003 H.C.Fof 3,6,9, 27 3
92. (b) As, HCF of two numbers are 12.
21 ´ 3003
x+y= = 143 Let two numbers are12a and 12b
21 ´ 21 then,12a × 12b = 2160 Þ ab = 15
Possible pairs of values of x and y are (1, 143) and (11, 13) \ sets of numbers are (1, 15) and (3, 5)
Both numbers are greater than 21. Hence, (11, 13) is means of set of numbers are 8 and 4
right pair of co-prime factors means of means = 6
Sum of numbers = 11 × 21 + 13 × 21 = 231 + 273 = 504 \ Req. number = 6 × 12 = 72
85. (c) length of each room = 6 m 93. (b) As (x + k) is HCF
breadth of each room = 4 m \ F(–k) = k2 – 5k + 6 = k2 – 8k + 15
height of each room = 2.5 m Þ 3k = 9 Þ k = 3
area of walls of each room = 2(6 + 4) × 2.5 = 50 m2 94. (c) Reqd. Square = (3 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7) × (3 × 5 × 7)
Total area of walls of 5 rooms = 5 × 50 = 250 m 2 = 9 × 49 × 100 = 44100
According to the question
1 l = 20 m2
CHAPTER

3 Decimal Fractions
1. Consider the following decimal numbers [2007-I] 8. What is the value of 1.34 + 4.12 ? [2010-I]
I. 1.16666666... II. 1.181181118... 371 219
133 461
III. 2.010010001... IV. 1.454545... (a) (b) (c) 5 (d) 5
90 90 990 990
Which of the above numbers represent(s) rational number
(s)? 9. Which one of the following is a non-terminating and
(a) Only IV (b) II and III repeating decimal? [2010-II]
(c) I and IV (d) None of these 13 3 3 137
(a) (b) (c) (d)
p 8 16 11 25
2. If 2.5252525... = (in the lowest form), then what is the
q 10. What is the value of 2.6 - 1.9 ? [2011-I]
q (a) 0.6 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.7 (d) 0.7
value of ? [2007-II]
p 11. What is 27 ´ 1.2 ´ 5.5262 ´ 0.6 equal to? [2011-I]
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.42525 (c) 0.0396 (d) 0.396
(a) 121.57 (b) 121.75
3. Which one of the following is correct ?
3.292929... is [2007-II] (c) 121.75 (d) None of these
(a) an integer (b) a rational number 12. What is 3.76 – 1.4576 equal to ? [2011-II]
(c) an irrational number (d) not a real number
4. Consider the following statements: [2008-I] (a) 2.3100191 (b) 2.3101091
1 (c) 2.3110091 (d) 2.3110901
I. cannot be written as a terminating decimal.
22 13. What is the value of 0.007 + 17.83 + 310.0202 ? [2012-I]
2 (a) 327.86638 (b) 327.86638
II. can be written as a terminating decimal.
15 (c) 327.86683 (d) 327.8668
1 14. What is the value of 0.242424... ? [2012-II]
III. can be written as a terminating decimal. (a) 23/99 (b) 8/33 (c) 7/33 (d) 47/198
16
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? p
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Only III(d) II and III 15. Representation of 0.2341 in the form , where p and q
q
5. If 1 is subtracted from the numerator of a fraction it becomes are integers, q ¹ 0, is [2013-I]
(1/3) and if 5 is added to the denominator the fraction
becomes (1/4). Which fraction shall result, if 1 is subtracted 781 1171 2341 2339
(a) (b) (c) (d)
from the numerator and 5 is added to the denominator ? 3330 4995 9990 9990
[2008-I] 16. Let p be a prime number other than 2 or 5. One would like
to express the vulgar fraction l/p in the form of a recurring
5 7 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) decimal. Then the decimal will be [2015-I]
12 23 8 3 (a) a pure recurring decimal and its period will be
6. Which one of the following is correct? [2008-I] necessarily (p – 1)
7 2 5 5 2 7 (b) a mixed recurring decimal and its period will be
(a) – <- <- (b) – <- <- necessarily (p – 1)
10 3 8 8 3 10
(c) a pure recurring decimal and its period will be some
5 7 2 7 5 2 factor of (p – 1)
(c) – <- <- (d) – <- <-
8 10 3 10 8 3 (d) a mixed recurring decimal and its period will be some
7. Which one is the largest among the following ?[2009-II] factor of (p – 1)
(a) 0.725 (b) 0.725 17. The value of (0.63 + 0.37) is [2015-II]
(c) 0.725 (d) 0.725 100 100 1000
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
91 99 999
 EBD_7336
M-36 Decimal Fractions

18. If [2016-I]
3
12
23. What is the value of 4 ? [2017-I]
61 1 125
= 3+
19 1
x+ 3 2 4 2
1 (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
y+ 5 5 5 5
z
24. If the points P and Q represent the real numbers 0.83 and
where x, y and z are natural numbers, then what is z equal to ?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 0.62 on the number line, then the distance between P and
19. Which one of the following rational numbers has non– Q is [2017-II]
terminating and repeating decimal expansion ? [2016-II] 21 19 21 56
15 23 35 17 (a) (b) (c) (d)
90 90 100 90
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1600 8 50 6 25. Which one of the following is correct? [2018-I]
(a) Decimal expansion of a rational number is terminating.
0.064 ´ 6.25 (b) Decimal expansion of a rational number is non-
20. What is equal to ? [2017-I] terminating.
0.081 ´ 4.84
10 100 (c) Decimal expansion of an irrational number is terminating.
(a) (b) (c) 9 (d) 99 (d) Decimal expansion of an irrational number is
99 99
21. What number must be subtracted from both the numerator non-terminating and non-repeating.
27 26. What is the difference between 0.9 and 0.9? [2018-I]
and the denominator of the fraction so that it becomes
35 (a) 0 (b) 0.099 (c) 0.1 (d) 0.09
2 27. Which one of the following decimal numbers is a rational
? [2017-I] number with denominator 37? [2018-I]
3
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 11 (a) 0.459459459 ¼ (b) 0.459459459
22. Which one among the following is the largest ? [2017-I] (c) 0.0459459459¼ (d) 0.00459459¼
7 11 3 10 28. What is 0. 53 + 0. 53 equal to ? [2019-I]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 14 4 13
(a) 1.068 (b) 1.068 (c) 1.068 (d) 1. 068

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Since, 1.16666... and 1.454545... are recurring numbers
1
and we know that recurring numbers represent can be written as terminating decimal.
rational numbers. 16
So, that I and IV are rational numbers. 5. (c) Let the numerator and denominator of a fraction are
p p 252 - 2 p 250 x and y, respectively,
2. (d) = 2.52 Þ = Þ = According to question,
q q 99 q 99
x -1 1
q 99 = Þ 3 x - 3 = y Þ 3x - y = 3 ...(i)
\ = = 0.396 y 3
p 250
3. (b) 3.292929... = 3.29 is a non-terminating repeating x 1
and = Þ 4x - y = 5 ...(ii )
decimal. Then, it is a rational number. y +5 4
1 On solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
4. (c) = 0.04545...
22 x = 2 and y = 3
2 x -1 2 -1 1
= 0.1333... \ Required fraction = = =
15 y +5 3+5 8
1
= 0.0625
16
Decimal Fractions M-37

6. (a) By option (a),

76 4572 æ 76 4572 ö
-7 -2 -5 = 3+ -1 - = 2+ç - ÷
< < 99 9990 è 99 9990 ø
10 3 8
Here LCM of (3, 8, 10) = 120 1 æ 76 4572 ö 1 ( 84360 - 50292)
= 2+ ç - ÷ = 2+ ´
9 è 11 1110 ø 9 12210
-7 -2 -5
´ 120 < ´ 120 < ´ 120 1 34068
10 3 8 11356
= 2+ ´ = 2+
– 84 < – 80 < – 75 9 12210 36630
So this is correct. = 2 + 0.3100191 = 2.3100191
7. (d) (a) 0.725 13. (b) 0.007 + 17.83 + 310.0202
(b) 0.725 = 0.7255... 7 1783 - 17 3100202 - 310020
= + +
900 99 9000
(c) 0.725 = 0.7252525...
7 1766 2790182
= + +
(d) 0.725 = 0.725725725... 900 99 9000
Largest number is 0.725 . 770 + 1766000 + 30692002
=
99000
134 - 1 133
8. (d) Q 1.34 = = 32458772
99 99 = = 327.86638
99000
412 - 41 371 14. (b) Given that,
and 4.12 = =
90 90 24 8
0.242424... ? = 0.24 = =
133 371 1330 + 4081 99 33
\ 1.34 + 4.12 = + =
99 90 990 Write down as many 9’s in the denominator as the
number of digits in the period of decimal number.
5411 461
= =5 15. (d) Let x = 0.2341
990 990
Here multiply by 10 both sides,
13 13 125 1625
9. (c) Q = × = = 1.625 10x = 2.341 ....... (i)
8 8 125 1000 Now, multiply by 1000 both sides,
3 3 ´ 625 1875 10000 x = 2341.341 ...... (ii)
= = = 0.1875
16 16 ´ 625 10000 Now, substract equation (i) from equation (ii),
9990 x = 2341 - 2 = 2339
137 137 ´ 4 548
= = = 5.48 2339
25 25 ´ 4 100 \ x= .
It is clear that all of these are terminating and 9990
• Shortcut:
3
decimals. Hence, is a non-terminating and 2341 - 2 2339
11 0.2341 = =
repeating decimal. 9990 9990
16. (a) Pure recurring decimal:-
6 6 6 A decimal fraction in which all the figures occur
10. (a) 2.6 - 1.9 = 2 - 2 = (2 - 2) + = = 0.6
9 9 9 repeatedly is called a pure recurring decimal as 7.4444
2 4736 6 .., 2.666 ...., etc.
11. (d) 27 ´ 1.2 ´ 5.5262 ´ 0.6 = 27 ´ 1 ´ 5 ´ Let P be prime number
9 9000 9 So P = 7, 11, 13,...
11 49736 6 1
= 27 ´ ´ ´ = .142857142857 ....
9 9000 9 7
11 ´ 49736 ´ 2 1094192 1
= = = 121.577 = .09090909 ....
9000 9000 11
1
12. (a) 3.76 - 1.4576 = 3 + 0.76 - 1 - 0.4576 = 0.0769230769230...
13
æ 76 - 0 ö æ 4576 - 4 ö All above example are pure recurring decimal and its
= 3+ç ÷ -1 - ç ÷ period will (p –1)
è 99 ø è 9990 ø
 EBD_7336
M-38 Decimal Fractions

17. (c) 0.63 = 0.636363 ------ 4

Let x = 0.636363 ------ = 3+
19
Þ 100 x = 63. 6363 ------ \ Option (a) & (c) is correct.
Þ 99x = 63
17
63 19. (d) only fraction whose dinominator is not in form
Þ x= 6
99 of 2m5n when simplified
0.37 = 0.373737 ------ 0.064 6.25 8 25
Let y = 0.37 37 37 ------ 20. (b) ´ = ´
Þ 100y = 37. 37 37 ------ 0.081 4.84 9 22
Þ 99y = 37 100
37 =
Þ y= 99
99 21. (d) ATQ
63 37 100 27 - x 2
x+y= + = =
99 99 99 35 - x 3
So, option (c) is correct.
81 – 3x = 70 – 2x
18. (*) 61 1 x = 11
= 3+
19 1 11
x+
1 22. (b)
y+ 14
z
61 4 12 3 512 8 3
23. (a) 3 4 = = =1
In real = 3+ 125 125 5 5
19 19
61 1 24. (b) We have P = 0.83 and Q = 0.62
Þ = 3+ The distance between P and Q is
19 1
x+
1 0.83 - 0.62 = 0.2 1
3+
1 Expressing this distance in the form of rational num-
1 ber, we assume 0.2 1 = x
= 3+
1 No. of digits with bar = 1
x+ No. of digits without bar = 1
4
Therefore, the denominator would be 90.
= 3+ 1 No. of digits after the decimal = 2
9 1 Therefore, the numerator would be 21 – 2 = 19
+
2 4
19
Thus, x =
= 3+ 1 90
19 25. (a)
4
9
4 26. (c) Value of 0.9 = =1
= 3+ 9
19
9
9 Value of 0.9 =
Þ x = , y = 3, z = 1 10
2
Also if z = 3, then 9 1
difference = 1 - = = 0.1
61 1 1 10 10
= 3+ = 3+ 27. (a)
19 1 3
x+ x+
1 4 28. (a) .53 + 0.53
1+
3 = 0.5353535353....+0.5333333333
1 1 = 1.068686868 = 1.0 68
= 3+ = 3+
3 19
4+
4 4
Powers and Roots M-39

CHAPTER

4 Powers and Roots

1. Which one of the following numbers is an integer?

[2007-I] 5041
8. Assertion (A): is rational [2007-II]
6889
(a) é
ë ( 2+ 3 / )( û )
3- 2 ù+ 6 Reason (R): The square root of a rational number is
always rational.
(b) é
ë ( 2+ 3 / )( û )
3- 2 ù+2 6 (a) A and R are correct and R is correct explanation of A
(b) A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation
(c) é
ë ( 2+ 3 / )( û )
2- 3 ù+2 6 of A
(c) A is correct but R is wrong
(d) é
ë ( 2+ 3 / )( )
2- 3 ù+ 6
û
(d) A is wrong but R is correct

9. What is the square of 2 + 2 ? ( ) [2008-I]

æ x5 - 1 ö
2. What is the square root of çç
è x - 1 ÷
ø
(
÷ + x3 + 2 x 2 + x ? ) (a)
(c)
A rational number
A natural number
(b)
(d)
An irrational number
A whole number

( ) ( )
[2007-I] 2 x -1 x-2
10. If ab-1 = ba -1 , then what is the value of x ?
(a) x2 + x + 1 (b) x2 - x + 1
[2008-I]
(c) x2 - x - 1 (d) x2 + x - 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3. What is the square root of 9 + 2 14 ? [2007-II] 11. What is the value of [2008-I]
(a) 1 + 2 2 (b) 3+ 6 7.84 + 0.0784 + 0.000784 + 0.00000784 ?
(a) 3.08 (b) 3.108
(c) 2+ 7 (d) 2+ 5 (c) 3.1008 (d) 3.1108
4. Which is the largest number among 2, 3 3, 6 6 and
93 x
12. If 1+ = 1 + , then what does x equal to?
12 12 ? [2007-II] 196 14
(a) (b) 3 3 (c) 6 6 (d) 12 12 [2008-II]
2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
5. The sum of the square of a number and the square of the
(ax )
reciprocal of the number, is thrice the difference of the ...¥

square of the number and the square of the reciprocal of

the number. What is the number? [2007-II]
13. If y = a x( ) , then which one of the following is

correct? [2008-II]
(a) 1 (b) ( 2 )1/ 4 (c) ( 3)1/ 3 (d) ( 4 )1/ 4 (a) log y = x y log a (b) log y = x + y log a
6. What is/are the real value(s) of (256)0.16 × (16)0.18 ?
(c) log y = y + x log a (d) log y = ( y + x ) log a
[2007-II]
(a) Only – 4 (b) Only 4 14. What is the value of
(c) 4, – 4 (d) 2, – 2 1 1 1
+ + ... + ? [2008-II]
1 1 1 1+ 2 2+ 3 15 + 16
p
7. If m
= ( y ) = ( z ) and xyz = 1, then what is the
n
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
( x)
15. A ball is dropped from a height 64 m above the ground
value of m + n + p ? [2007-II] and every time it hits the ground it rises to a height equal
(a) 0 (b) 1 to half of the previous. What is the height attained after
(c) 2 (d) –1 it hits the ground for the 16th time? [2009-I]
(a) 2–12 m (b) 2–11 m (c) 2–10 m (d) 2–9 m
 EBD_7336
M-40 Powers and Roots

16. If a x = c q = b and c y = a z = d , then which one of the 26. If 3 x ´ 27 x = 9 x +4 , then x equal to [2011-I]
following is correct ? [2009-I] (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
(a) x/ y = q/z (b) x+ y = q+ z 27. What is one of the square roots of 9 – 2 14 ?
xy = qz [2011-I]
(c) (d) x y = qz
(a) 7- 3 (b) 6- 3
17. If 27 ´ (81)2n+ 3 - 3m = 0 , then what is m equal to? (c) (d)
7- 5 7- 2
[2009-II]
(a) 2n + 5 (b) 5n + 6 0.324 ´ 0.64 ´ 129.6
28. What is the square root of ?
(c) 8n + 3 (d) 8n + 15 0.729 ´ 1.024 ´ 36
1/3 1/3
[2011-I]
æ 2 3ö
+ æç a - a 2 + b3 ö÷ (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
18. If x = ç a + a + b ÷ , then what
è ø è ø 29. What is the smallest number that must be added to 1780
to make it a perfect square? [2011-II]
is the value of x3 + 3bx - 2 a ? [2009-II] (a) 39 (b) 49 (c) 59 (d) 69
(a) 2a 3 (b) -2a 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
30. If 2m + 21+ m = 24 , then what is the value of m ?[2011-II]
19. If ( 3.7 ) x = ( 0.037 ) y = 10000 , then what is the value of 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 3 (d) 6
3
1 1
- ? [2009-II]
x y 0.0032
31. What is the value of ? [2011-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/4 0.32
20. Out of a group of swans 7/2 times the square root of (a) 0.0001 (b) 0.001 (c) 0.01 (d) 0.1
the number are swimming in the pool while the two
remaining are playing outside the pool. What is the 5+ 3 5- 3
32. What is + equal to ? [2011-II]
total number of swans? [2009-II] 5- 3 5+ 3
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 15
21. The number 0.0001 is [2009-II]
(a) a rational number less than 0.01 33. If 3 x + y = 81 and 81x - y = 3, then what is the value of x
(b) a rational number ? [2012-I]
(c) an irrational number 17 17 17 15
(d) neither a rational number nor an irrational number (a) (b) (c) (d)
16 8 4 4
22. If a x = b y = c z and abc = 1 , then xy + yz + zx equal 34. What is one of the square roots of [2012-I]
to [2009-II]
(a) xyz (b) x + y + z 16 x 6 - 24 x 5 + 25 x 4 - 20 x3 + 10 x 2 - 4 x + 1 ?
(c) 0 (d) 1 (a) 4 x3 - 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1 (b) 4 x3 - 3x2 - 2 x - 1
23. What is the value of [2010-I]
(c) 4 x3 - 3 x 2 + 2 x - 1 (d) 4 x3 - 3 x 2 - 2 x + 1
29.16 + 0.2916 + 0.002916 + 0.00002916 ?
(a) 5.9949 (b) 5.9894 35. If a x = b, b y = c and xyz = 1, then what is the value of
(c) 5.9984 (d) 5.9994
cz ? [2012-I]
x y w z
24. If p = r = m and r = p = n , then which one of
a
the following is correct ? [2010-II] (a) a (b) b (c) ab (d)
b
(a) xw = yz (b) xz = yw
(c) x + y = w + z (d) x – y = w – z 36. If 196 x 4 = x 6 , then x3 is equal to which one of the
1 1 1 1 following ? [2012-I]
25. - + -
9- 8 8- 7 7- 6 6- 5 (a) x 6 /14 (b) 14x
4 (c) x 2 /14 (d) 14x
2

1
+
5- 4
equal to [2010-II] 37.
2
If a = 2 + 3 , then what is the value of a + a (
-2
? )
1
[2012-II]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) (a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 18
3
Powers and Roots M-41

38. If 10 + 3 x = 4, then what is the value of x ? [2012-II] (0.75)3

48. The square root of + [0.75 + (0.75)2 + 1] is
(a) 150 (b) 216 (c) 316 (d) 450 1 - 0.75
39. The least number of four digits which is a perfect square [2015-I]
is [2012-II] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 1204 (b) 1024 (c) 1402 (d) 1420 49. What are the possible solutions for x of the equation
n
40. What is the value of 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + ... ? x x
x x , where x and n are positive integers?
=
[2015-I]
[2013-I]
(a) 0, n (b) 1, n
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 3.5 (d) 4
(c) n, n2 (d) 1, n2
If 16 ´ 8n + 2 = 2m , then m is equal to
2 2
41. [2013-I] 50. If a – b = 4 and a + b = 40, where a and b are positive
(a) n + 8 (b) 2n + 10 (c) 3n + 2 (d) 3n + 10 integers, then a3 + b6 is equal to 2015-I]
(a) 264 (b) 280
2 (c) 300 (d) 324
é 2ù
42. The expression ê 2
ë û
( )
ú gives [2013-I]
51. What is 4 + 4 - 4 + 4 - ............... equal to?
(a) a natural number
[2015-II]
(b) an integer and not a natural number
(c) a rational number but not an integer 13 - 1 13 + 1
(d) a real number but not a rational number (a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 0
2 2
43. Which is the smallest number among the following?
[2013-II] 3 1 1
52. If x = 3 + 2 , then the value of x + x + x + 3 is
-2 ù -2 2 -2 x
(a)
ë
( )
é -2
ê 5 ú
û
(b) ( ) ùúû
é -2
ê 5
ë
[2015-II]
(a) 10 3 (b) 20 3 (c) 10 2 (d) 20 2
-2 -2 53. Which one of the following is correct? [2015-II]
(c)
é
ê 2
ë
( )
-5 -2 ù
ú
û
é
(d) ê 2
ë
( )
ú
û
-5 2 ù
(a) 2 < 46 <34 (b) 2 > 46 >34
44. Consider the following in respect of the numbers (c) 4
6< 2<34 (d) 4
6> 2>34
2, 3 3 and 6
6 [2014-I] 1 -1
54. If x = 2 3 + 2 3 , then the value of 2x3 – 6x – 5 is euqal to
I. 6
6 is the greatest number.. [2016-I]
II. 2 is the smallest number.. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 55. If 4x2y = 128 and 33x32y – 9xy = 0, then the value of x + y
(a) Only I (b) Only II can be equal to [2016-I]
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 1
45. The product of four consecutive natural numbers plus 56. The value of the expression is equal to [2016-I]
one is [2014-I]
(243 + 647)2 + (243 – 647) 2
(a) a non-square
(b) always sum of two square numbers 243 ´ 243 + 647 ´ 647
(c) a square (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(d) None of these
6 2 + 7 2 + 82 + 9 2 + 102
46. The difference of cubes of two consecutive integers 57. What is equal to? [2016-II]
[2014-I] 7+4 3 - 4+2 3
(a) is odd or even (b) is never divisible by 2 (a) 330 (b) 340 (c) 355 (d) 366
(c) is always even (d) None of these 58. The sum of the squares of two positive integers is 208. If
47. What is the square of the larger number is 18 times the smaller
number, then what is the difference of the larger and smaller
1 1 2b 4b 3 8b 7
- - - - equal to ? numbers ? [2016-II]
a - b a + b a 2 + b 2 a 4 + b 4 a 8 - b8 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
[2014-II] 59. What is the remainder when 2100 is divided by 101 ?
(a) a + b (b) a – b [2016-II]
(c) 1 (d) 0 (a) 1 (b) 11 (c) 99 (d) 100
 EBD_7336
M-42 Powers and Roots

60. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the 68. If 9x 3y = 2187 and 23x 22y – 4xy = 0, then what can be the
number 1729 ? [2016-II] value of (x + y) ? [2017-I]
(a) It cannot be written as the sum of the cubes of two (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
positive integers 69. The values of x which satisfy the equation 51+x + 51–x =
(b) It can be written as the sum of the cubes of two 26 are [2017-I]
positive integers in one way only (a) 1, 1 (b) 0, 1
(c) It can be written as the sum of the cubes of two (c) 1, 2 (d) – 1, 0
positive integers in two ways only 70. If each of the dimensions of a rectangle is increased by
(d) It can be written as the sum of the cubes of two 200%, the area is increased by
positive integers in three ways only (a) 300% (b) 400%
(c) 600% (d) 800%
1 1 1 1
61. What is 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 2 + ... + [2016-II] 71. Let f(x) and g(x) be two polynomials (with real coefficients)
1 2 2 3 having degrees 3 and 4 respectively. What is the degree
of f(x) g(x)? [2017-II]
1 1 (a) 12 (b) 7
1+ + equal to ?
2
2007 20082 (c) 4 (d) 3
72. Consider the following numbers : [2017-II]
1 1
(a) 2008 – (b) 2007 – 1. 2222 2. 11664
2008 2007
3. 343343 4. 220347
1 1 Which of the above are not perfect squares? [2017-II]
(c) 2007 – (d) 2008 – (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
2008 2009
62. Consider the following statements in respect of positive (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
odd integers x and y : [2016-II]
2 2
73. The value of 1 + 1 + 1 + .... [2017-II]
1. x + y is even integer.
2. x2 + y2 is divisible by 4 (a) Equals to 1
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (b) Lies between 0 and 1
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Lies between 1 and 2
(d) Is greater than 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
74. If x = y1/a, y = z1/b and z = x1/c where x ¹ 1, y ¹ 1, z ¹ 1, then
63. What is the remainder when
what is the value of abc? [2018-I]
135 + 145 + 155 + 165 is divided by 29 ? [2016-II]
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
(a) 8 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 0
75. If 2b = a + c and y2 = xz, then what is xb–c yc–a za–b equal
64. What is the difference between the sum of the cubes and to? [2018-I]
that of squares of first ten natural numbers? [2016-II] (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) –1
(a) 2280 (b) 2640 (c) 3820 (d) 4130 76. The smallest integer with 4 digits which is a perfect square
65. What is the square root of [2017-I] is [2018-I]
(a) 1000 (b) 1024
(0.35) 2 + 0.70 + 1 (c) 1089 (d) None of the above
+ 0.19 ?
2.25
5- 3 5+ 3
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 77. What is the value of = ? [2018-I]
5+ 3 5- 3
66. What is the value of [2017-I]
(a) -2 15 (b) 2 15 (c) 15 (d) - 15
(443 + 547) 2 + (443 - 547) 2
? 78. What is the value of [2018-I]
443 ´ 443 + 547 ´ 547
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
b- a c -a
+ a-b c -b
+ a -c
67. If a3 = 335 + b3 and a = 5 + b, then what is the value of a + 1+ x +x 1+ x +x 1+ x + x b-c
b (given that a > 0 and b > 0) ? [2017-I] where x ¹ 0?
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 16 (d) 49 (a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
Powers and Roots M-43

79. The sum of a number and its square is 20. Then the number
is [2018-I] 89. What is the value of 2 + 2 + 2 + ......... ? [2019-I]
(a) –5 or 4 (b) 2 or 3 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) –5 only (d) 5 or –4 2n 3n
90. The expression 5 - 2 has a factor [2019-I]
80. What is the largest power of 10 that divides the product (a) 3 (b) 7
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 ................ × 23 × 24 × 25? [2018-I] (c) 17 (d) None of the above
(a) 2 (b) 4
1
(c) 5 (d) None of the above 91. If a = 7 + 4 3 , then what is the value of a + ?
a
a b c
81. If x = y , y = z and z = x , then the value of abc is
[2019-II]
[2018-II]
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 7
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 0
92. What is the sum of all integer values of n for which
82. If x = 2 + 2 2/3 + 21/3 , then the vlaue of the expression n2+ 19n + 92 is a perfect square ? [2019-II]
x3 – 6x2 + 6x will be [2018-II] (a) 21 (b) 19 (c) 0 (d) -19
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) –2
93. What is the square root of 16 + 6 7 ? . [2019-II]
6 æ 2 1 ö
1
83. If x + 6 = k ç x + 2 ÷ , then k is equal to [2018-II]
x è x ø (a) 4+ 7 (b) 4 - 7 (c) 3 + 7 (d) 3 - 7
æ 2 1 ö æ 4 1 ö 94. Let a and b be two positive real numbers such that a a +
(a) ç x -1 + 2 ÷ (b) ç x - 1 + 4 ÷
è x ø è x ø b b = 32 and a b + b a = 31. What is the value of
æ 4 1 ö æ 4 1 ö 5(a + b )
(c) ç x +1+ 4 ÷ (d) ç x - 1 - 4 ÷ ? [2019-II]
è x ø è x ø 7
(a) 5 (b) 7
1 1 1 (c) 9 (d) Cannot be determined
84. If ax = by = cz and abc = 1, then the value of + +
x y z 95. Which one of the following is a set of solutions of the
will be equal to [2018-II]
n
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3 equation x x
= x x , if n is a positive integer? [2020-I]
85. If a = xyp–1, b = yzq–1, c = zxr–1, then aq–r br–p cp–q is equal to
(a) {1, n2} (b) {l, n }
[2018-II]
(c) {1, n} (d) {n, n2}
(a) abc (b) xyz
96. Which one of the following is the largest number among
(c) 0 (d) None of the above
22222, 22222, 22222 22222 ? [2020-I]
86. Suppose n is a positive integer such that (n2 + 48) is a
perfect square. What is the number of such n ? [2019-I] (a) 22222 (b) 22222 (c) 22222 (d) 22222
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four 97. If 5x+1 – 5x–1 = 600, then what is the value of 102x ?
[2020-I]
4 6
87. For x = , what is the value of (a) 1 (b) 1000 (c) 100000 (d) 1000000
2+ 3
98. If m and n are positive integers such that mn = 1331, then
x+2 2 what is the value of (m – 1)n–1 ? [2020-I]
x+2 3
+ ? [2019-I] (a) l (b) 100 (c) 121 (d) 125
x-2 2 x-2 3
(a) 1 (d) 2 (c) 3 (d) 2 99. If x = 2 , y = 3 3 and z = 6 6 , then which one of the
x y z following is correct ? [2020-I]
88. If 3 = 4 = 12 , then z is equal to [2019-I]
(a) y < x < z (b) z < x < y
xy (c) z < y < x (d) x < y < z
(a) xy (b) x + y (c) (d) 4x + 3y
x+ y
 EBD_7336
M-44 Powers and Roots

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

2+ 3 ( 2+ 3 )
2
=
( x 2 + x + 1)( x3 - 1)
1. (c) (a) + 6= + 6 x -1
3- 2 3-2

= 2+ 3+ 2 6 + 6
=
( x 2 + x + 1) ( x - 1) ( x 2 + x + 1)

= 5+3 6 ( x - 1)
It is not an integer.
( )
2
= x2 + x + 1
( )
2
2+ 3 2+ 3
(b) +2 6 = +2 6
3- 2 3- 2 ìï x 5 - 1 3 2
üï
\ Square root of í + x + 2 x + x ý
= 2+ 3+ 2 6 + 2 6 ïî x - 1 ïþ

= 5+4 6
( x2 + x + 1)
2
It is also not an integer. = = x2 + x + 1

( )
2
( 7) + ( 2)
2 2
2+ 3 2+ 3 3. (c) 9 + 2 14 = +2 7´ 2
(c) +2 6= +2 6
2- 3 2-3
( )
2
= 7+ 2
(
= – 2+3+ 2 6 +2 6 )
= –5 \ 9 + 2 14 = ( 7+ 2 )
It is an integer.
4. (b) 2, 3 3, 6 6 and 12 12
( )
2
2+ 3 2+ 3
+ 6= + 6 LCM of 2, 3, 6 and 12 is 12
(d)
( 2) - ( 3)
2- 3 2 2
It can be written as
12 6 12 4 12 2
2+3+2 2 3 2 , 3 , 6 and 12 12 .
= + 6
2-3 So 3
3 is largest number..
(
= - 5+ 2 6 + 6 ) 1
5. (b) Let number be x, then its reciprocal be .
x
= -5 - 6
According to question,
It is not an integer
æ x5 - 1 ö 1 æ 1 ö
x2 + = 3 ç x2 - 2 ÷
2. (a) ç
ç x -1 ÷
è ø
(
÷ + x3 + 2 x 2 + x . ) x2
è x ø
1 3 4
x5 - 1 3 \ x2 + = 3x2 - Þ 2 x2 =
+ x + 2x2 + x x2 x2 x2
x -1
1/ 4
5 4 3 2 3 2
Þ x4 = 2 Þ x = ( 2 )
x -1+ x + 2x + x - x - 2x - x
= 0.16
x -1
(256)0.16 × (16)0.18 = éê(16 ) ùú
2 0.18
6. (b) ´ (16 )
ë û
x5 + x 4 + x3 - x2 - x - 1
=
x -1 = (16 )0.32 ´ (16 )0.18

( ) (
x3 x 2 + x + 1 - 1 x 2 + x + 1 ) = (16 )
0.5
= é 42 ù
0.5
= 41 = 4
= ë û
( x - 1)
Powers and Roots M-45

(ax )
1 ...¥
1 1

7. (a) Let, ( x )
m n
= ( y) = ( z)
p
=k (say)
13. (a) Given, y = a x ( )
y = (ax )
y
Þ x = k m , y = k n and z = k p \
Now multiply x, y and z Taking log on both sides
\ xyz = k m+ n + p (Q xyz = 1 , given) log y = y log a x Þ log y = x y log a
1 1 1
Þ 1 = k m+ n+ p = k 0 14. (d) + + ... +
Here, base is same, 1+ 2 2+ 3 15 + 16
m+n+p=0 (on rationalisation)
1- 2 2- 3 15 - 16
5041 71 = + + ... +
8. (c) (A) = = rational number 1- 2 2-3 15 - 16
6889 83
(R) Now, 2 is a rational number but 2 is not a
(
= -1 1 - 2 + 2 - 3 + ... + 15 - 16 )
rational number. i.e., irrational number. = -1(1 - 4 ) = 3
1
( )
2
9. (b) Square of 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 15. (c) After 1st hit ball height will be = (64)
2
2
( 2) æ1ö
2 2
= ( 2) + + 2.2. 2 = 4 + 2 + 4 2 After 2nd hit ball height will be = ç ÷ ( 64 )
è2ø
= 6+4 2 ......................................................................
......................................................................
6 + 4 2 is an irrational number.. ........................................................................

( ) ( )
-1 2 x -1 x-2 16
10. (a) Given that, ab = ba -1 æ1ö
After 16th hit ball height will be = ç ÷ ( 64 )
è2ø
2 x -1 x-2
æaö æbö
Þ ç ÷
èbø
=ç ÷
èaø
216
26 = 2-10 m
=
1
( )
2 x -1 x- 2 16. (c) Given, a x = c q = b and c y = a z = d
æaö æaö
Þ ç ÷ ç ÷ =1
èbø èbø Now, a x = c q

( ) = (c z )
2 x -1+ x - 2 0 x q
æaö æaö Þ a x× z = c q × z Þ a z
Þ ç ÷ =ç ÷
èbø èbø
( c y ) = c zq
x
Base is same Here, a z = c y Þ
So, 3x - 3 = 0 Þ x = 1 Þ yx = zq
11. (d) 7.84 + 0.0784 + 0.000784 + 0.00000784 17. (d) Given, 27 ´ (81)2n+ 3 - 3m = 0
784 784 784 784 8n +12
= + + + Þ 33 ´ ( 3) = 3m
100 10000 1000000 100000000
Þ 38 n +15 = 3m Þ m = 8n + 15
28 28 28 28
= + + + (on comparing)
10 100 1000 10000 1/ 3 1/ 3
= 2.8 + 0.28 + 0.028 + 0.0028 = 3.1108 18. (d) Given, x = æç a + a 2 + b3 ö÷ + æç a - a 2 + b 3 ö÷
è ø è ø
93 x On cubing both sides, we get
12. (c) Given that, 1+ = 1+
196 14
x3 = æç a + a 2 + b3 ö÷ + æç a - a 2 + b3 ö÷
289 x 17 x è ø è ø
Þ = 1+ Þ = 1+ 1/3 1/3
+3 æç a + a2 + b3 ö÷ æ a - a 2 + b3 ö
196 14 14 14
ç ÷
x 17 è ø è ø
Þ = -1 Þ x = 3
14 14 ìïæ 2 3ö
1/ 3
æ 2 3ö
1/ 3 ü
ï
íç a + a + b ÷ + ç a - a + b ÷ ý
îïè ø è ø þï
 EBD_7336
M-46 Powers and Roots

Þ x3 = 2a - 3b ( x ) 23. (d) 29.16 + 0.2916 + 0.002916 + 0.00002916

= 5.4 + 0.54 + 0.054 + 0.0054
Þ x3 + 3bx - 2 a = 0 = 5.9994
19. (c) Given, ( 3.7 ) x = ( 0.037 ) y = 10000 24. (a) Given that, p x = r y = m and r w = p z = n

Now, p x = r y
Þ ( 3.7 ) x = 104 and ( 0.037 ) y = 104

( px ) = (r y )
w w
4
+1
4
+3 Þ Þ p xw = r yw
and 37 = 10 y
Þ 37 = 10 x
( )
y
4 4
+3 Þ p xw = r w ...(i)
+1 4 4
y
Þ 10 x = 10 Þ +1 = + 3
x y z
Here, r w = p put in eq. (i)
4 4 1 1 1
( )
y
\ - = 3 -1 Þ - = then, p xw = p z
x y x y 2 Þ p xw = p zy (Base is same)
20. (d) Let the total number of swans = x \ xw = zy
7 1 1 1
Number of swans swimming in the root = x 25. (c) - +
2 9- 8 8- 7 7- 6
Remaining swans = 2
According to question, 1 1
- +
7 7 6- 5 5- 4
x +2= x Þ x = x-2 (on rationalisation)
2 2
On squaring both sides, we get = ( 9+ 8 - ) ( 8+ 7 + ) ( 7+ 6 - ) ( 6+ 5 )
49
4
x = x2 + 4 - 4 x + ( 5+ 4 )
Þ 4 x 2 - 65 x + 16 = 0 = 9 + 4 =3+2 =5
2
= 4 x - 64 x - x + 16 = 0 26. (a) 3 x ´ 27 x = 9 x + 4
\ 3x × 33x = 32(x + 4)
Þ 4 x ( x - 16 ) - 1( x - 16 ) = 0 Þ 3x + 3x = 32(x + 4)
Þ ( x - 16 )( 4 x - 1) = 0 Here base is same
So, x + 3x = 2 ( x + 4 ) Þ 4x - 2x = 8
æ 1ö
\ x = 16 çQ x ¹ ÷ 8
è 4ø \ x= =4
2
00001 1
21. (b) 0.0001 = = = 0.01 27. (d) 9 - 2 14 = 7 + 2 - 2´ 7 ´ 2
10000 100
So, it is a rational number.
( )
2
x y z = 7- 2 = 7- 2
22. (c) Given, a = b = c = k
1/ z
Þ a = k1/ x , b = k1/ y and c = k 0.324 ´ 0.64 ´129.6
28. (d)
0.729 ´ 1.024 ´ 36
1 1 1
+ +
x y z 324 ´ 64 ´1296
\ abc = k
=
1 1 1 729 ´ 1024 ´ 36
+ +
x y z
Þ 1= k =k (Q abc = 1, given) 18 ´ 8 ´ 36
= =1
27 ´ 32 ´ 6
On comparing, we get
29. (d) We know that, ( 42 )2 = 1764 and ( 43)2 = 1849
1 1 1
+ + =0 But 1780 lies between 1764 and 1849.
x y z
Now, smallest number = 1849 – 1780 = 69
Þ xy + yz + zx = 0
Powers and Roots M-47

30. (c) Given, 2m + 21+ m = 24 Þ a xyz = c z

\ 2 m (1 + 2 ) = 24 Þ 2 m ´ 3 = 24 But xyz = 1 Given
So a = cz
Þ 2m = 8 = 23 36. (d) Given, 196x 4 = x 6
\ m=3
( ) = (x )
2 3 2
Þ 14 x 2 Þ 14 x 2 = x3
0.0032 0.32 11
31. (d) = ´ = = 0.1
0.32 100 0.32 10 1
37. (b) Given that, a = 2 + 3, = 2- 3
5+ 3 5- 3 a
32. (b) +
5- 3 5+ 3 2
2 -2 æ 1ö
Now, a + a = ç a + ÷ - 2
è aø
( ) + ( 5 - 3)
2 2
5+ 3
( )
= 2
= 2+ 3 + 2- 3 -2
( 5) - ( 3)
2 2

= ( 4 )2 - 2 = 16 - 2 = 14
ì
( 5) + ( 3)
2 2ü
2í ý 2 5+3
= î þ= ( )
=8
38. (b) Given, 10 + 3 x = 4
5-3 2 On squaring both sides
33. (b) Given that 3 x + y = 81 or 3 x + y = 34 10 + 3 x = 16
Þ x+ y =4 .....(i) Þ 3 x =6
and 81x–y = 3 or (34)x–y = 31 On cubic both sides
3
1 x = ( 6 ) = 216
Þ x- y = .....(ii)
4 39. (b) Factor of 1024 = 32 × 32 = 32
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get So, 1024 is a perfect square number.
1 40. (b) Factorisation of 6 = 2 × 3
x+ y = 4 Þ x- y =
4
Given that 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + ...
17 17
2x = Þ x= It has positive sign
4 8 Hence, its value will be greater number of the
34. (c) From option (c),
factors = 3

( 4 x3 - 3x2 + 2 x - 1) ( )
2 2
= éê 4 x3 - 3 x 2 + ( 2 x - 1) ùú 41. (d) Given that, 16 ´ 8n + 2 = 2m
ë û
Þ (2)4 × 23(n + 2) = 2m
( ) ( )
2
= 4 x3 - 3 x 2
2
+ ( 2 x - 1) + 2 4 x 3 - 3x 2 ( 2 x - 1) Þ (2)(4 + 3n + 6) = 2m
Þ 2(
3n +10 )
= 2m
= 16 x 6 + 9 x 4 - 24 x 5 + 4 x 2 + 1 - 4 x Here base is same, so
+16 x 4 - 12 x3 - 8 x3 + 6 x 2 3n + 10 = m
6 5 4 3 2 Þ m = 3n + 10
= 16 x - 24 x + 25 x - 20 x + 10 x - 4 x + 1
35. (a) equ a x = b 2
é 2ù
Multiplying both sides by y in power 42. (d) ê
ë
( ) 2 ú
û
= ( 2)
2
=2

(ax )
y
= by -2 ù -2
43. (c)
é -2
From option (a) ê 5 ( ) ú = 5-8 =
1
58
(Q b y = c ) ë û
y
Þ ax = c
2 ù -2
Again multiplying both sides by z in power é -2
From option (b) ê 5
ë
( ) úû = 58 = 58

( a xy )
z
= cz
 EBD_7336
M-48 Powers and Roots

-2 ù -2 4a 4 b3 + 4b7 - 4a 4b3 + 4b7 8b7

é -5
From option (c) ê 2
ë
( ) ú
û
= 5-20 =
1
520
=
a8 - b8
-
a8 - b8

2 ù -2 8b7 8b7
é -5
From option (d) ê 2
ë
( ) úû =5 20
=5 20 =
a8 - b8
-
a8 - b8
=0

-2 ù -2 (.75)3
é -5
Now, smallest number ê 2
ë
( ) ú
û
48. (d)
1 – 0.75
+ [.75 + (.75)2 + 1]

44. (d) LCM of 2, 3 and 6 = 12 (.75)3 + (1 – .75) (.75 + (.75) 2 + 1)

=
1 12
´
(1– .75)
Now,
2= 2 2 12 = 12 26 = 12 64
(.75)3 + (1)3 – (.75) 3
1 12
´ =
3
3= 3 3 12 = 12 34 = 12 81 .25
1 12 1
´ 12 = ´1 = 4
6
6 = 6 6 12 = 6 2 = 12 36 .25
So, 2 is not smallest and 6 6 is not greatest. So x n
49. (d) x = xx
neither I nor II correct. x
1
45. (c) Example 1: Let consider four consecutive natural
numbers = 4, 5, 6 and 7 product = 4 × 5 × 6 × 7
Þ ( ) x x 2
= x n

= 840 Take log on both the sides,

Now, 840 + 1 = 841
It is square of 29. Þ log( x x ) = log( x) x / n
Example 2: Let other four consecutive natural
number = 13, 14, 15 and 16 x
Þ x log x = .log x
Product = 13 × 14 × 15 × 16 = 43680 n
Now, 43680 + 1 = 43681 x
It is square of 43681 Þ x log x – log x = 0
So this is always a square. n
46. (b) One of the two consecutive integers is even and x
other is odd. Þ log x ( x – ) = 0
n
(even integer)3 – (odd integer)3 = (even integer)
– (odd integer) = odd integer x
(odd integer)3 – (even integer)3 = (odd integer) Þ )=0
(log x) ( x ) (1 –
n
– (even integer) = odd integer
Þ log x = 0 Þ x = 1,
1 1 2b 4b 3 8b 7
47. (d) - - - - x = 0 Þ x = 0 or x = n Þ x = n 2
a - b a + b a 2 + b 2 a 4 + b 4 a 8 - b8 Thus, x = 0, 1, n2
x = 0 is not admissible
(a + b) - (a - b) 2b 4b3 8b7 Since, logx is not defined
= - - -
(a - b) (a + b) a 2 + b2 a 4 + b 4 a8 - b8 \ x = 1, n2
50. (b) Given
2b 2b 4b3 8b7 a–b=4 ... (i)
= - - -
a2 - b2 a2 + b2 a 4 + b4 a8 - b8 a2 + b2 = 40
Now, we know that
2b(a 2 + b2 ) - 2b(a 2 - b 2 ) 4b3 8b7 (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 –2ab
= - -
(a 2 - b2 ) (a 2 + b2 ) a 4 + b4 a8 - b8 Þ 16 = 40 – 2ab
2ab = 24
2a 2 b + 2b3 - 2a 2b + 2b3 4b3 8b7 ab = 12
= - - (a + b)2 = 40 + 2ab
(a 4 - b 4 ) a 4 + b4 a8 - b8
= 40 + 24
4b3 (a 4 + b4 ) - 4b3 (a 4 - b4 ) 8b7 a + b = 64 = 8 ...(ii)
= -
(a4 - b4 )(a 4 + b4 ) a8 - b8 Now, on solving equations (i) and (ii)
2a = 12
Powers and Roots M-49

\a=6 1
1 1
( )
b=2
3 4 = 4 3 = 44 12 = 256 12
a3 + b6 = 216 + 64 = 280 ( )
51. (c) Let the given enpsession be x
so, correct order is-
\ x= 4+ 4-x 1 1 1
x2 – 4 = Þ 12 12 12
4-x ( 264) < (216) < (256)
(x2 – 4)2 = 4 – x
x4 + 16 – 8x2 = 4 – x Þ 2<46<34
x + (x2 – 4)2 = 4 So, option (a) is correct.
13 + 1 1
-
1
All the choices are positive. By trial, x =
2 54. (a) Given x = 23 +2 3

1
14 + 2 3 7 + 13 1
\ x2 = = x = 23 +
4 2 1
23
13 - 1 14 - 2 3
x2 – 4 = and (x2 – 4 )2 = Cubing on both sides, we get
2 4
3
æ 1ö æ ö æ 1 ö
3 1
7 - 13 ç 1 ÷ ç 3 1 ÷
= 3 ç 3÷
x = 2 + + 3. 1
2 ç ÷ ç 1 ÷ 3.2
1 ç2 + 1 ÷
So, option (c) is correct. è ø çè 2 3 ÷
ø 23
ç
è 23
÷
ø
52. (b) x = 3 + 2
1
3
Þ x = 2+ + 3( x )
1 1 3- 2 2
= =
x 3+ 2 ( 3+ 2 )( 3- 2 ) 3
Þ x =
4 + 1 + 3x ´ 2
2
= 3- 2 Þ 2x3 = 5 + 6x
3 1 1 Þ 2x3 – 6x – 5 = 0
Þ x +x+ + 3 \ option (a) is correct.
x x
55. (b) 4x.2y = 128 and 33x.32y – 9xy = 0
22x. 2y = 128 =(2)7 33x + 2y = 32xy éëQ 9 = 3 ùû
2
1 3 1
= x+ +x + 3 Þ 2x + y = 7 Þ 3x + 2y = 2xy ...(2)
x x
Þ y = 7 – 2x ...(1)
3 Substitute this value of y in (2) we get
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= ç x + ÷ + ç x + ÷ - 3ç x + ÷ 3x + 2(7 – 2x) = 2x (7 – 2x)
è xø è xø è xø
3x + 14 – 4x = 14x – 4x2
( ) ( )
3 4x2 – 15x + 14 = 0
= 3+ 2 + 3- 2 + 3+ 2 + 3- 2
(4x – 7) (x – 2) = 0
-3 ( 3+ 2+ 3 - 2) either 4x – 7 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
7
Þ x = or x = 2
4
= 2 3 + ( 2 3 ) - 3( 2 3 )
3
7
x¹ Þx=2
4
= 2 3 + 24 3 - 6 3
y = 7 – 2(2) = 3
= 20 3 Þ x+ y= 2+ 3 = 5
So, option (b) is correct \ Option (b) is correct.

1 1 1 ( 243 + 647 )2 + ( 243 - 647 )2

( ) 56. (c)
12
53. (a) 2 = 2 2 = 2 12 = (64 )
6
243 ´ 243 + 647 ´ 647

1 1 1 ( 243)2 + ( 647 )2 + 2 × ( 243) × ( 647 ) + ( 243)2 + ( 647 )2

( )
( )
4 6 = 6 4 = 63 12 = 216 12
= - 2 × ( 243 )( 647 )
( 243)2 + ( 647 )2
 EBD_7336
M-50 Powers and Roots

2 2 62. (a) Only statement 1 is correct it can be easily varified

2 ( 243 ) + 2 ( 647 ) by taking any 2 odd integer.
= ex ® 3 and 5
( 243)2 + ( 647 )2
or
the two odd number be 2n + 1 and 2n + 3
2 éê( 243) + ( 647 ) ùú
2 2
ë û squaring and adding by we get
= Þ 4n2 + 4n + 1 + 4n2 + 12n + 9
( 243)2 + ( 647 )2 Þ 8n2 + 16n + 10
=2 8n2 + 16n + 8 + 2
\ Option (c) is correct. [42n2 + 4n + 2] + 2
i.e. x2 + y2 is an odd number but not necessarily a
6 2 + 7 2 + 82 + 9 2 + 102
57. (a) multiple of 4.
7+4 3 - 4+2 3
135 + 145 + 155 + 165 135 + 165 145 + 155
63. (d) = +
330 29 29 29
Þ
(2 + 3) 2 - (1 + 3) 2 135 + 165 155 + 145
Þ +
13 + 16 15 + 14
300
Þ = 330 no remainder
2 + 3 -1 - 3 as xn + an when n is odd is completely devisibel by x + a
58. (c) let two no. 8 be x and y
x2 + y2 = 208 é n(n + 1) 2 ù æ n(n + 1)(2n + 1) ö
64. (b) Sn3 – Sn2 = ê ú -ç ÷
x2 + 18x = 208 \ y2 = 18x 2 6
2 ëê ûú è ø
x + 18x – 208 = 0
x2 + 26x – 8x – 208 = 0 n = 10
(x – 8) (x + 26) = 0 2
é10 [11] ù é10 (11) (21) ù
x= 8 êë 2 úû - êë 6 úû
y2 = 18 × 8
y2 = 144 3025 – 385 = 2640
y = 12
(0.35)2 + (0.70) + 1
y – x = 12 – 8 = 4 65. (a) + 0.19
59. (a) 21, devided by (1 + 1) R = 0 2.25
22, devided by (2 + 1) R = 1
(0.35)2 + 2(0.35)1 + 12 + 2.25 ´ 0.19
23, devided by (3 + 1) R = 0 Þ
24, devided by (4 + 1) R = 1 2.25
Same for even paper 100
(0.35 + 1)2 + 0.4275
2100, is devided by (100 + 1), R = 1 Þ
60. (c) 1729 can be written as 2.25
123 + 13, 103 + 93 1.8225 + 0.4275 2.25
Þ Þ =1
2.25 2.25
1 1 1 1 1 1
61. (a) 1+ + + 1+ + + .... 1 + + (443 + 547)2 + (443 - 547) 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 3 2007 20082 66. (c)
443 ´ 443 + 547 ´ 547
æ 32 ö æ7ö
2
(2007 ´ 2008 + 1) 2 2[(443)2 + (547) 2 ]
Þ ç ÷ + ç ÷ .... Þ
ç2 ÷ è6ø 2 2
è ø (2007) (2008) (443) 2 + (547)2
3 7 13 (2007 ´ 2008 + 1) Q (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2 (a2 + b2)
+ + .... =2
2 6 12 (2007)(2008) 67. (b) a – b = 5, a3 – b3 = 335
(a – b)3 = 125
1 1 1 1
Þ 1+ + 1+ +1 + ....1 + a3 – b3 – 3ab [a – b] = 125
1´ 2 2´3 3´ 4 2007 ´ 2008 3ab [a – b] = 335 – 125
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 210
Þ 2007 + 1 - + - + - .... - ab = = 14
2 2 3 3 4 2007 2008 5´3
1 (a – b)2 + 4ab = 25 + 4 (14)
Þ 2008 – (a + b)2 = 81
2008
a+b=9
Powers and Roots M-51

68. (c) 9x 3y = 2187, 23x 22y = 4xy 1

9x3y = 9135 or 92 33 or 9331 in all the condition x + y = z = xc
5
1
69. (a) 51+x + 51–x = 26 1 1
´
51+x + 51–x = 52 + 50 z = z ab c (Q x =z )
ab

Case I 1
1 + x = 2, 1–x =0
z =z abc
x= 1 x= 1
Case II 1
\ =1 \ abc = 1
1 + x = 0, 1– x=2 abc
75. (c) 2b = a + c (given)
x = –1, x = –1 Þb+ b= a+c
70. (d) length and breadth when increased by 200% Þa –b=b–c
200 ´ 200 y2 = xz (given)
net effect in area = 200 + 200 + = 800% x(b–c) × yc–a × z(a–b) = xa–b × yc–a × za–b
100
(Q a – b = b – c)
ì xy ü (xz)a–b × yc–a {because an × bn = (ab)n}
íx + y + ý (y2)a–b × yc–a {Q y2 = xz}
î 100 þ
y2a – 2b + c – a = ya+c–2b = y2b–2b (Q a + c = 2b)
71. (b) Let f ( x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d y0 = 1
4 3 2
76. (b) Smallest 4 digits integer = 1000
and g ( x) = ax + bx + cx + dx + e 312 < 1000
Then, f (x).g (x) \ smallest 4 digits integer which is a perfect square is
= (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d )(ax 4 + bx3 + cx 2 + dx + e) 322 = 1024
5- 3 5+ 3
= a 2 x 7 + abx 6 + acx5 ¼d 2 x + de 77. (a) -
Thus, it is clear that degree of f (x) g(x) is 7. 5+ 3 5- 3
72. (d) According to the rule, the numbers having 2, 3, 7 and
( ) - ( 5 + 3)
2 2
8 at their unit’s place are not perfect squares. 5- 3
=
Therefore, here, we can see that options 1, 3 and 4
have 2, 3 and 7, respectively at their unit’s place and ( 5 + 3 )( 5 - 3)
so, consequently, these are not perfect squares.
( 5) + ( 3) - 2´ 5 ´ 3 -
2 2
4x + 1 +1
73. (c) If x + x + x + ....... then its value is
2
í( 5 ) + ( 3 ) + 2 ´ 5 ´ 3 ý
ì 2 2 ü
Therefore, according to the question, î þ
=
( 5) - ( 3)
2 2
4x + 1 + 1 4.1 + 1 + 1 5 + 1 2.236 + 1
= = =
2 2 2 2
3.236 5 + 3 - 2 15 - 5 - 3 - 2 15 -4 15
= = 1.618 which lies between 1 and 2. = = = -2 15
2 5-3 2
1 1 1
74. (b) x = ya (given) 78. (c) b -a c -a
+ a -b
1+ x +x 1+ x + x c-b
1
1
y = z b (given) + a -c
1+ x + x b -c
1
(given) 1 1 1
z = xc = + +
b c a c a
Now x x x x x xb
1+ a + a 1+ b + b 1+ c + c
1 x x x x x x
y = zb
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 = a b c
+ b a c
+ c
´ x +x +x x +x +x x + xa + xb
x= ya = zb a (Q y = zb )
xa xb xc
 EBD_7336
M-52 Powers and Roots

85. (d) a = xy P–1 Þ aq – r = (xyP – 1) = x(q – r).y(P – 1)(q – r)

xa xb xc b = yzq–1 Þ br–p = (yz(q–1))(r–p) = y(r–P).z(q–1)(r–p).
= a + +
x + x b + x c x a + x b + xc x a + x b + xc c = zxr–1 Þ cP–q = (zx(r–1))P–q = z(p–q).x(r–1)(p–q).
Now, aq–r, br–p.cp–q = {x(q–r).y(pq–pr–q+r)}.{y(r–p).z(qr–
xa + xb + xc pq–r+p)}.{.z(p–q).x(rp –qr –p + q)}
= =1
xa + xb + xc = x(q– r + rp – p + q– qr).y{pq–pr–q + r + r – p).z(qr –pq –r + P + P –q)
79. (a) Let number be x Hence, correct option is (d)
According to the question 86. (c) (n2 + 48) = x2
x2 + x = 20 48 = x2 – n2
x2 + x – 20 = 0 48 = (x – n) (x + n)
x2 + 5x – 4x – 20 = 0 So the possible number of pairs of (x – n) and (x + n)
x(x + 5) –4 (x + 5) = 0 are (1,48), (2,24), (3,16), (4,12), (6,8)
(x – 4) (x + 5) = 0 On solving the above pairs for (x – n) and (x + n), we
x–4 =0 \x=4 get the integer values of n and x as
x+5=0 \ x = –5 n = 1, x = 7
80. (d) In these type of questions number of the pair of 5 n = 4, x = 8
and even number makes a multiple of 10 n = 11, x = 13
in the product of 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × ............... × 24 × 25 So, the total possible values of n are 3.
Number of multiples of 5 = 5 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25)
4 6
Here 25 is a pair of 5 (25 = 5 × 5) 87. (d) x=
Number of 5 in this product = 6 2+ 3
Number of even numbers in this product = 12 on rationalizing.
Hence required power of 10 is 6
4 6 3- 2
81. (a) x = ya, y = zb and z = xc {given} x= ´
From x = ya 3+ 2 3- 2
Þ x = (zb)a
x = 12 2 - 8 3
x = zab
Þ x = (xc)ab putting the value of x in the equation
\ x = xabc 14 2 - 8 3 12 2 - 6 3
Hence, abc = 1. +
82. (a) x = 2 + 22/3 + 21/3 + Þ (x – 2) = (22/3 + 21/3) ...(i) 10 2 - 8 3 12 2 - 10 3
on cutting both sides, we get.
7 2 -4 3 6 2 -3 3
æ 1 2ö 3 = +
5 2 -4 3 6 2 -5 3
3 ç 23 + 2 3 ÷
(x– 2 ) = ç ÷
è ø 2 2 2 3
1 2 æ 1 2ö +1 +1+
x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 2 + 22 + 3.2 2.2 3 ç 23 + 2 3 ÷ 5 2 -4 3 6 2 -5 3
ç ÷
x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 6 + 6(x – 2) è ø 2 2(6 2 - 5 3) + 2 3(5 2 - 4 3)
x3 –2 – 6x2 + 6x = 0 2+
(5 2 - 4 3)(6 2 - 5 3)
\ x3 – 6x2 + 6x = 2
24 - 10 6 + 10 6 - 24
2+ = 2+ 0 = 2
æ 6 1 ö ìï 2 3 æ 1 ö üï
3
(5 2 - 4 3)(6 2 - 5 3)
83. (b) çè x + 6 ÷ø = í(x ) + çè 2 ÷ø ý
x ïî x ïþ 88. (c) 3x = 4y = 12z
Taking log of all 3 we get
æ 2 1 öæ 4 1 ö x log 3 = y log 4 = z log 12 = k
çè x + 2 ÷ø çè x + 4 - 1÷ø k k
x x z= =
log12 log (3 ´ 4)
æ 4 1 ö
\ K = çè x + 4 - 1÷ø k k xy
x = = =
log 3 + log 4 k k (x + y)
84. (b) ax = by = cz = k (let) +
a = (k)1/x, b = (k)1/y, c = (k)1/2 x y
1+1+1
Now, abc = 1 Þ (k) x y z
= (k)° 89. (d) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ..... = x

1 1 1 Þ 2 + 2 + 2 + .... = x - 2
\ + + =0
x y z Squaring both side
Powers and Roots M-53

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ... = ( x - 2) 2
94. (a) a a + b b =32 ...(i)
Þ x = x2 – 4x + 4 a b + b a = 31 ...(ii)
Þ x2 – 5x + 4 = 0 Squaring and subtracting equation (i) and (ii), we have
Þ x2 – 4x – x + 4 = 0
Þ x (x – 4) – 1 (x + 4) = 0 a 2 a + b 2b + 2ab ab = 32 2
Þ (x – 1) (x – 4) = 0
a 2 b + b 2a + 2ab ab = 312
\ x = 1, 4
a 2 (a – b) – b 2 (a – b) = 322 – 312
As x always take greater than 2
\x=4 (a – b)2 (a + b) = 63
90. (c) Given expression (a–b)2(a + b) = 32 .7
52n – 23n = (52)n – (23)n = (25)n – (8)n \ (a – b) = 3 and a + b = 7
We know that an – bn always have a common factor (a – b) Þ a = 5, b = 2
Therefore one of the factor is 25 – 8 = 17 5(a + b) 5(5 + 2)
Now, = =5
91. (c) a = 7 + 4 3 = (2) 2 + ( 3)2 + 4 3 7 7

95. (a) From question we have x x = xx/n

= (2 + 3)2 = 2 + 3
Þ On equating the powers on both end
1 1 x
= a= =2– 3 Þ a+ 1 =4 = x= Þ n = x Þ x = n2
2+ 3 a n
92. 2 2
(d) n + 19n + 92 = (n + 18n + 81) + n + 11 So possible solution are x = {1, n 2}
To be perfect square 96. (a) Number in ascending orders are
n + 11 = 0 \ n = –11 22222 < 22222 < 22 222 < 22222
n + 19n + 92 = (n 2 + 20n + 100) – n – 8
2
97. (d) 5x+1 – 5x–1 = 600
To be perfect square, –n –8 = 0 5x–1(25 – 1) = 600 Þ 5x –1 = 25 Þx=3
n = –8 2x 6
10 = 10 = 1000000
ATQ, Sum = –11–8 = –19 98. (b) 1331 = 113 = mn
93. (c) (a + b)2 = 16 + 6 7 Þ m = 11, n = 3
(m – 1)n –1 = 102 = 100
Þ 2ab = 6 7 Þ ab = 3 7
99. (b) x = 21/2 = 81/6
Þ a = 3, b = 7 y = 31/3 = 91/6
\ (16 + 6 7 ) = (9 + 7 + 6 7 ) and z = 6 6 =61/6
= (32 + ( 7 )2 + 2 × 3 7 ) Hence = y > x > z

= ( 7 + 3)2
\ Square root of (16 + 6 7 ) is (3 + 7 )
 EBD_7336
M-54 Percentage

CHAPTER

5 Percentage
1. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and the 11. 38L of milk was poured into a tub and the tub was
area is unchanged, then by how much per cent does the found to be 5% empty. To completely fill the tub, what
breadth decrease? [2007-I] amount of additional milk must be poured? [2011-I]
(a) 100/11% (b) 100/9% (c) 9% (d) 10% (a) 1 l (b) 2 l (c) 3 l (d) 4 l
2. The population of a village increases by 20% in one
year and decrease by 20% by the next year. If at the 2
12. Water contains 14 % of hydrogen and the rest is
begining of the third year, the population is 5184, what 7
was the population in the first year? [2007-II] oxygen. In 350 g of water, oxygen will be [2011-I]
(a) 5400 (b) 5500 (c) 5600 (d) 5800 (a) 300g (b) 250g
3. There are some coins and rings of either gold or silver (c) 200g (d) None of these
in a box. 60% of the objects are coins, 40% of the rings 13. To an examination, a candidate needs 40% marks. All
are of gold and 30% of the coins are of silver. What is questions carry equal marks. A candidate just passed
the percentage of gold articles? [2009-I] by getting 10 answers correct by attempting 15 of the
(a) 16% (b) 27% (c) 58% (d) 70% total questions. How many questions are there in the
4. if the radius of the base and the height of a right circular examination? [2011-I]
cone are increased by 20%, then what is the approximate (a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 45
percentage increase in volume? [2009-II] 14. The income of 'A' is 20% higher than that of 'B'. The
(a) 60% (b) 68% (c) 73% (d) 75% income of 'B' is 25% less than of 'C'. What percent less
5. 10% of the inhabitants of a certain city left that city. is A's income from C's income? [2011-I]
Later on 10% of the remaining inhabitants of that city (a) 7% (b) 8% (c) 10% (d) 12.5%
again left the city. What is the remaining percentage of 15. What is the number whose 20% is 30% of 40? [2011-I]
population of that city? [2009-II] (a) 90 (b) 80 (c) 60 (d) 50
(a) 80% (b) 80.4% (c) 80.6% (d) 81% 16. An employee is required to contribute 10% of his
6. The number of workers in the employment guarantee payment to General Provident Fund. If he gets `13500
scheme increased by 15 which resulted into an increase as net pay in a month, then what is the monthly General
of 20%. What was the initial number of workers? Provident Fund contribution (assuming no other
[2009-II] deductions)? [2011-II]
(a) 60 (b) 75 (c) 80 (d) 90 (a) ` 1215 (b) ` 1350 (c) ` 1500 (d) ` 1650
7. If 50% of (x – y) = 40% of (x + y), then what per cent
17. A man losses 20% of his money. After spending 25% of
of x is y? [2011-I]
the remaining, he has `480 left. What is the amount of
1 1 1 1 money he originally had? [2012-I]
(a)10 % (b) 11 % (c) 13 % (d) 21 %
9 9 9 9 (a) ` 600 (b) ` 720 (c) ` 800 (d) ` 840
8. A person spends 30% of monthly salary on rent, 25%
18. The radius of the base of a right circular cone is
on food, 20% on children's education and 12% on
increased by 15% keeping the height fixed. The volume
electricity and the balance of ` 1040 on the remaining
of the cone will be increased by [2012-II]
items. What is the monthly salary of the person?
[2011-I] (a) 30% (b) 31% (c) 32.25% (d) 34.75%
(a) ` 8000 (b) ` 9000 (c) ` 9600 (d) ` 10600 19. The price of an article is ` 25. After two successive cuts
9. If salary of X is 20% more than salary of Y, then by how by the same percentage, the price becomes `20.25. If
much percentage is salary of Y less than X? [2011-I] each time the cut was x%, then [2012-II]
50 65
(a) 25 (b) 20 (c) (d) (a) x= 9 (b) x = 10 (c) x = 11 (d)
x = 11.5
3 4
10. If the height of a cone is increased by 50%, then what 20. What is 5% of 50% of 500? [2012-II]
is the percentage increase in the volume of the cone? (a) 12.5 (b) 25 (c) 1.25 (d) 6.25
[2011-I] 21. X,Y and Z had taken a dinner together. The cost of the
100 200 meal of Z was 20% more than that of Y and the cost of
(a) % (b) 40 % (c) 50 % (d) %
3 3 the meal of X was 5/6 as much as the cost of the meal
Percentage M-55

of Z. If Y paid `100, then what was the total amount that supported by 47% of total voters in the voter list and he
all the three of them had paid? [2013-II] got 308 voters more than his rival. The number of voters
(a) `285 (b) `300 on the voter list is [2015-II]
(c) `355 (d) None of these (a) 3600 (b) 6200 (c) 6028 (d) 6400
22. A person's salary has increased from `7200 to ` 8100. 31. The salary of a person is increased by 10% of his original
What is the percentage increase in his salary? salary. But he received the same amount even after
[2013-II] increment. What is the percentage of his salary he did not
receive? [2016-I]
(a) 25% (b) 18%
(a) 11% (b) 10%
2 1 (c) (100/11)% (d) (90/11)%
(c) 16 % (d) 12 %
3 2
32. The expenditure of a household for a certain month is
23. A person sold an article from ` 3600 and got a profit of ` 20,000, out of which ` 8,000 is spent on education, `
20%. Had he sold the article for ` 3150, how much profit 5,900 on food, ` 2,800 on shopping and the rest on
would he have got? [2013-II] personal care. What percentage of expenditure is spent
on personal care? [2016-I]
(a) 4% (b) 5% (c) 6% (d) 10%
(a) 12% (b) 16.5 % (c) 18 % (d) 21.8 %
24. A water pipe is cut into two pieces. The longer piece is
33. A candidate scoring x% marks in an examination fails by a
70% of the length of the pipe. By how much percentage
marks, while another candidate who scores y% marks gets
is the longer piece longer than the shorter peice? b marks more than the minimum required pass marks. What
[2014-I] is the maximum marks for the examination ? [2016-II]
400 100(a + b) 100(a - b)
(a) 140% (b) %
3 (a) (b)
x-y x+y
(c) 40% (d) None of these
25. On a 20% discount sale, an article costs 596. What was 100(a + b) 100(a - b)
(c) (d)
the original price of the article? [2014-I] y-x x-y
(a) ` 720 (b) ` 735 (c) ` 745 (d) ` 775 34. If a% of a + b% of b = 2% of ab, then what percent of a is b ?
26. A person could save 10% of his income. But 2 years [2017-I]
later, when his income increased by 20%, he could save (a) 50% (b) 75%
the same amount only as before. By how much (c) 100% (d) Cannot be determined
percentage has his expenditure increased? [2015-I]
5 th
35. part of the population in a village are males. If 30% of
2 1 2 2 9
(a) 22 % (b) 23 % (c) 24 % (d) 25 %
9 3 9 9 the males are married, the percentage of unmarried females
in the total population is [2017-I]
27. A milkman claims to sell milk at its cost price only. Still he
is making a profit of 20% since he has mixed some amount 2 2 7 2
(a) 20 % (b) 27 % (c) 27 % (d) 29 %
of water in the milk. What is the percentage of milk in the 9 9 9 9
mixture? [2015-II]
36. A fruit seller has a certain number of mangoes of which
200 250 5% are rotten. He sells 75% of the remainder and he is left
(a) % (b) 75% (c) 80% (d) % with 95 mangoes. How many mangoes did he have
3 3
originally? [2017-II]
28. 20% of a number when added to 20 becomes the number (a) 500 (b) 450 (c) 400 (d) 350
itself, then the number is [2015-II]
37. A student has to secure 40% of marks to pass an
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 50 (d) 80 examination. He gets only 45 marks and fails by 5 marks.
29. A's salary was increased by 40% and then decreased by The maximum marks are [2017-II]
20%. On the whole A's salary is increased by [2015-II] (a) 120 (b) 125 (c) 130 (d) 150
(a) 60% (b) 40% (c) 20% (d) 12% 38. When prices rise by 12%, if the expenditure is to be the
30. In an election 10% of the voters on the voter list did not same, what is the percentage of consumption to be
cast their vote and 60 voters cast their ballot papers blank. reduced? [2017-II]
There were only two candidates. The winner was 2 2 3 5
(a) 16 % (b) 10 % (c) 16 % (d) 10 %
3 7 5 7
 EBD_7336
M-56 Percentage

39. If the price of wheat rises by 25%, then by how much hostel is always full, then what is the percentage change
percent must a man reduce his consumption in order to in the total collection at the cash counter ? [2019-I]
keep his budget the same as before? [2018-I] (a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 44% (d) 48%
(a) 15% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 30% 43. x, y and z are three numbers such that x is 30% of z and y
40. Out of 85 children playing badminton or table tennis or is 40% of z. If x is p% of y, then what is the value of p ?
both, the total number of girls in the group is 70% of the [2019-I]
total number of boys in the group. The number of boys (a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (d) 75
playing only badminton is 50% of the number of boys 44. The train fare and bus fare between two stations is in the
and the total number of boys playing badminton is 60% ratio 3 : 4. If the train fare increases by 20% and bus fare
of the total number of boys. The number of children increases by 30%, then what is the ratio between revised
playing only table tennis is 40% of the total number of train fare and revised bus fare ? [2019-II]
children and a total of 12 children play badminton and
table tennis both. The number of girls playing only 9 17 32 19
(a) (b) (c) (d)
badminton is [2018-II] 13 12 43 21
(a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 35 45. The price of an article X increases by 20% every year and
41. A person bought two articles X and Y from a departmental price of article Y increases by 10% every year. In the year
store. The sum of prices before sales tax was ‘ 130. There was 2010, the price of article X was `5000 and price of article Y
no sales tax on the article X and 9% sales tax on the article Y. was `2000. In which year the difference in their prices
The total amount the person paid, including the sales tax was exceeded `5000 for the first time ? [2020-I]
`136.75. What was the price of the article Y before sales tax? (a) 2012 (b) 2013 (c) 2014 (d) 2015
[2018-II] 46. If the annual income of X is 20% more than that of Y, then
(a) ` 75 (b) ` 85 (c) ` 122 (d) ` 125 the income of Y is less than that of X by p%. What is the
42. In a hostel the rent per room is increased by 20%. If number value of p ? [2020-I]
of rooms in the hostel is also increased by 20% and the
2 1
(a) 10 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 20
3 3

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Area of Rectangle = length × breadth
Here, length is increased by 10%. But area is (100 - 4 )
Now, x ´ = 5184
constant so that breadth is decreased. 100
X B = K (Constant Area) 5184 ´100
L x= = 5400.
96
3. (c) Total articles = 100
(+10%) (Decrease)
40 60
gold gold
110 X b´ 100 = K (Constant Area) 40 ´ 40
L 16 42 æ 60 ´ 30 ö
100 110 100 ç 60 - ÷
è 100 ø

100b
b-
Percentage decrease by = 110 ´100 = 100 %
b 11
Rings Coins
2. (a) Change in population at begining of third year
Total of gold articles = 42 + 16 = 58 of gold articles
xy
= x+ y+ 58
100 = ´ 100 = 58%
100
( 20 ) ´ ( -20 ) 4. (c) Change in volume
= 20 - 20 + = – 4%
100 xy + yz + zx xyz
Let Initial population = x = x+ y+ z+ +
100 10000
Percentage M-57

Here, x = y = z = 20% 11. (b) Let tub capacity xL.

Change in volume Tube (x)
20 ´ 20 + 20 ´ 20 + 20 ´ 20 20 ´ 20 ´ 20
= 20 + 20 + 20 + +
100 10000
1200 8
= 60 + + = 72.8 » 73%
100 10
5. (d) Here two times decrease in the population of
(x – 38) (l empty) 38 (Milk)
certain city. so net rate of decrement in population
xy 95
= x+ y+ Now, x ´ = 38
100 100
x = 40 L,
10 ´ 10 Additional milk = 40 L – 38 L = 2L.
= -10 - 10 +
100 12. (a) Water (100%)
= –19%
Rest of Remaining population = (100 - 19)%
= 81%.
6. (b) Let initial number of workers = x
\ 20%of x = 15
Hydrogen Oxygen
20 98 + 2 100 600
Þ ´ x = 15 = % %
100 7 7 7
\ x = 75 Ratio of Hydrogen and oxygen = 1 : 6
6
7. (b) Given that, 50% of ( x - y ) = 40% of ( x + y ) Now, oxygen in 350g of water = ´ 350 = 300g
7
50 40
Þ ´(x - y) = ´( x + y) 13. (a) Let the number of questions in examination = x
100 100
By given condition, 40% of x = 10
Þ 5x - 5 y = 4 x + 4 y
x x 40
Þ x = 9y ...(i) Þ = 10
100
Let r % of x = y 1000
r \ x= = 25
Þ ´ 9 y = y [from Eq. (i)] 40
100 14. (c) ( )+20%
A ¬¾¾¾¾B C
100 1
\ r = = 11 % 120 : 100
9 9
8. (a) Let the monthly salary of person = `x. (–25%)
75 ¾¾¾¾® 100
Total spends = (30% + 25% + 20% + 12%) = 87%.
Making B equal
Now,
A : B : C
13
x´ = 1040 360 : 300
100
300 400
1040 ´100
\x = = 8000. Now, A : B : C
13
18 : 15 : 20
( +20% ) 2
9. (c) X ¬¾¾¾
¾Y
A income less = ´ 100 = 10%
120 100
20
20 50 15. (c) Let the number be x
Less percentage = x100 =
120 3 According to question 20% of x = 30% of 40
1 2 x ´ 20 40 ´ 30
10. (c) Volume of cone = p r h Þ =
3 100 100
Here radius is constant, then volume is directly 40 ´ 30
Þ x= = 60
proportional to height. Now height increase 50%. 20
So percentage increase in volume is 50%.
 EBD_7336
M-58 Percentage

16. (c) Let the net pay of employee = x 23. (b) Let the cost price of the article be ` x
90 9x 120 x
After contributing 10% = x ´ = After 20% profit Þ = 3600
100 10 100
x = 3000
9x Now, profit percentage, when the article is sold for
According to question = 13500
10 `3150
13500 ´10 3150 - 3000 150
Q x= = 15000 = ´100 = ´ 100 = 5%
9 3000 3000
Q General provident fund = 10% of basic pay
24. (b) Pipe
10 ´15000
= = 1500
100
17. (c) Let man has originally ` x
x ´ 80 8 x
After 20% loss = =
100 10
8 x 75 8 x 3
After spending 25% = ´ = ´ Longer part Shorter part
10 100 10 4
According to the question,
8x 3
´ = 480
10 4
Þ 8 x ´ 3 = 480 ´ 4 ´ 10 70% 30%
480 ´ 4 ´10 Percentage of longer pipe as compare to shorter pipe
\ x= = 800
8´ 3 70 - 30 40 400
xy = ´100 = ´100 = %
18. (c) x+ y+ 30 30 3
100 25. (c) Let the original price of article be ` x
15 ´15 Now, After 20% discount article costs ` 596
= 15 + 15 +
100 80 596 ´100
So, 596 = ´x Þ x= = 745
225 100 80
= 30 + = 32. 25%
100 \ Original price = ` 745
19. (b) According to the question, 26. (a) Let income be ` 100
90
æ 100 - x öæ 100 - x ö Expenditure amount = 100 ´ = ` 90
Þ 25 ´ ç ÷ç ÷ = 20.25 100
è 100 øè 100 ø
120
2 202500 2 Now, income increased by 20% = 100 ´
Þ (100 - x) = Þ (100 - x ) = 8100 100
25 = ` 120
Þ 100 - x = 90 Expenditure amount = (120 – 10) = ` 110
\ x = 10 Increase in expenditure = 110 – 90 = ` 20
5 50 20
20 (a) 5% of 50% of 500 = ´ ´ 500 = 12.5 Increase in % of expenditure = ´ 100
100 100 90
21. (d) According to question.
200 2
= = 22 %
5 9 9
(+ 20%) (Z)
6
Y Z X 27. (d) Milkman is getting 20% profit by selling the milk
mixed with water.
So, the quantity of milk he is selling less is
` 100 ` 120 `100 æ 20 ö
So total amount = 100 + 100 + 120 =ç ÷ ´100
è 100 + 20 ø
= ` 320.
22. (d) Percentage increase in salary 100
= %
8100 - 7200 6
= ´100 This quantity is the percentage of water in milk that is
7200
100
900 1 = % Percentage of milk in the mixture
= ´ 100 = 12.5% = 12 % 6
7200 2
Percentage M-59

100 y 10
= 100 , Þ 1- =
6 100 11
500 250
= %< % y 10 1
= 1- =
6 3 Þ
So, option (d) is correct. 100 11 11
28. (b) Let the number be x. 100
According to question- Þ y= %
11
20
Þ x ∗ 20 < x \ Option (c) is correct.
100
32. (b) Total Expenditure = 2000 `
x
Þ ∗ 20 < x Education Expenditure = 8000
5 Food Expenditure = 5900
x 4x Shopping Expenditure = 2800
Þ x, < 20 Þ < 20
Personal care Expenditure
5 5
x = 25 = 20000 – (8000 + 5900 + 2800)
So, option (b) is correct = 20000 – 16700
29. (d) Let the salary of A be 100. = 3300 `
Þ A’s salary after 40% increase will be
Percentage of expenditure on personal care
100 ∗ 40
100 + < 140% Personal care expenditure
100 = ´ 100
Þ A’s salary after 20% decrease will be total expenditure
140 ´ 20 3300
140 – < 112 = ´ 100 = 16.5%
100 2000
On a whole A’s salary is increased by \ Option (b) is correct.
æ 112 - 100 ö 33. (c) Let maximum mark be = M
=ç ÷ ´100 = 12% ATQ
è 100 ø
So, option (d) is correct. xM yM
+a = -b [Passing marks]
Short cut method 100 100
(40 ´ –20) M
+ 40 – 20 + =20 – 8 = 12% ­ se. a+b= (y - x)
100 100
30. (b) Let the number of voters on voter list is ‘x’.
Valid votes = (0.9 x – 60) 100(a + b)
=M
Votes in support of 2nd candidate (y - x)
= (0.9 x – 60) – 0.47 x
According to question- a´a b´b 2
34. (c) + = ab
Þ 0.47 x – [(0.9x – 60) – 0.47x] = 308 100 100 100
Þ 0.94 x – 0.9 x + 60 = 308 a2 + b2 = 2ab
Þ 0.04x = 248 a2 + b2 – 2ab = 0
Þ x = 6200 (a – b)2 = 0
So, option (b) is correct. a=b
31. (c) Let original salary of a person = x ` \ a is 100% of b
Increase in salary = 10% of x 5
35. (c) Male Population =
Then New Salary = x + 10% of x 9
4
10 11 Females population =
x+ ´x = x 9
100 10
30 5 1
But he received same amount even after increment. Married males = ´ =
100 9 6
Let y be the percentage salary he did not receive.
1
11 11 y Married Female = Part
x - x´ =x 6
then
10 10 100 4 1 5
unmarried female = - =
11 é y ù 9 6 18
Þ x 1- =x
10 êë 100 úû
 EBD_7336
M-60 Percentage

5 And,
\= ´100 No. of children playing only table tennis = 34
18
Children play both badminton and table tennis are 12
7 Number of girls play both games = 12 – 5 = 7
\ = 27 %.
9 Number of boys play only table tennis = 50 – 30 = 20
36. (c) Let the number of mangoes the fruit seller had origi- \ Number of girls play only Table tennis = 34 – 20 = 14
nally be x. and so, Number of girls play only badminton
We are given that, 5% of the total mangoes are = 35 – 14 – 7 = 14.
x 41. (a) ATQ
rotteni.e. 5% of x i.e. are rotten. Let cost of X = x
20
Then, cost of Y= 130 – x
We are also given that 75% of the remainder are sold Now,
i.e. 75% of (x – 5% of x)
25% of 95% of x = 95 109
x + (130 – x) = 136.75
x = 400 100
37. (b) Here, the maximum marks are 100% and according to 100x + 14170 – 109x = 13675
the question, 45 + 5 = 40% i.e. 50 = 40%. 9x = 495 Þ x = 55
Therefore, by unitary method, Thus, rate of article y = (130 – x) = 130 – 55 = ` 75
42. (c) Let initial rent be ` 100 and initial rooms be 100
50 So initial collection = 100 × 100 = `10000
1% =
40 Now new rent = 100 × 20% = 120
New no of rooms = 100 × 20% = 120
50
100% = ´ 100 = 125. So new collection = 120 × 120 = 14400
40 % change in collection
Thus, maximum marks are 125 marks.
(14400 - 10000) 4400
38. (d) If the price rises by r% and expenditure remains same = ´100 = ´100 = 44%
then the percentage of consumption to be reduced 10000 10000
43. (d) x = 30% of z = 30z/100 = 3z/10
100r y = 40% of z = 40z/100 = 4z/10
is given by %.
100 + r According to the question,
100r 100 ´ 12 1200 5 3z
%= %= % = 10 %
100 + r 100 + 12 x 3z
112 7 x= p% × y Þ p = ´100 = 10 ´100 = ´100
39. (b) Let price of 1 kg wheat be 100 and total consumption y 4 z 4z
be 100 kg 100
Total cost at starting = 100 × 100 = 10000 3
Total new cost = 10000 = ´ 100 = 75%
4
125 44. (a) Train fire : Bus fire
New price of wheat/kg = 100 ´ = 125 3 : 4
100
¯12% : ¯13%
10000 3.6 5.2
New consumption = = 80 kg
125 Ratio = 3.6 : 5.2 Þ 9 : 13
decrease in consumption
100 - 80 45. (b) X Y
= ´ 100 = 20%
100 2010 5000 2000
40. (a) Total Children = 85 2011 6000 2200
Let, boys are x, then girls are (85 – x)
2012 7200 2420
ATQ,
2013 8640 2662
70
(85 – x) = ´x Difference in price in 2013= 8640 – 2662 = 5978>5000
100
46. (b) Let income y = 100 % and difference = 20 %
x = 50 \ x = 120
Boys = 50 and Girls = 35 Different = (120 – 100) = 20
Now,
No. of boys playing badminton only 25 20 100 2
Diff. percent = 100 × = =16 %
Total no. of boys playing badminton = 30 120 6 3
CHAPTER

Ratio and Proportion

6
1. x varies inversely as the square of y in such a way that,
if x = 1, then y = 6. If y = 3, then what is the value of (a) 20 years (b) 30 years
x? [2007-I] (c) 40 years (d) 50 years
1 1 12. The sum of the age of a father and the age of a son is
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 4 75 years. If the product of their ages before 5 years was
3 2 750, then what is the present age of the father?
2. 6 years hence a father’s age will be three times his son’s [2008-II]
age and three years ago father was nine times as old as (a) 60 years (b) 55 years
his son. What is the present age of father? [2007-I] (c) 52 years (d) 50 years
(a) 48 years (b) 42 years 13. Let y is equal to the sum of two quantities of which one
(c) 36 years (d) 30 years varies directly as x and the other inversely as x. If
3. In a mixture of 80 l, the ratio of milk and water is 3 : 1. y = 6 when x = 4 and y = 10/3, when x = 3, then what
If the ratio of milk and water is to be 2 : 3 the how much is the relation between x and y? [2009-I]
amount of water is to be further added ? [2007-II] (a) y = x + (4/x)
(a) 70 l (b) 80 l (c) 100 l (d) 140 l (b) y = – 2x + (4/x)
4. The age of a mother, before two years, was eight times (c) y = 2x + (8/x)
the age of there daughter. After 1 year, mother’s age will (d) y = 2x – (8/x)
be five times the daughter’s age. After how many years 14. A bag contains ` 114 in the form of ` 1, 50 paise and
from now the mother’s age will become three times the 10 paise coins in the ratio 3 : 4 : 10. What is the number
daughter’s age? [2007-II] of 50 paise coins? [2009-I]
(a) 6 years (b) 8 years (a) 76 (b) 72 (c) 56 (d) 48
(c) 10 years (d) 12 years 1 1
5. The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio 15. If a : b = 1 : 2 and b : c = 2 : 3 1 , then what is a :
4 : 3. Each of them saves ` 600. If the ratio of their 2 4 2
expenditure is 3 : 2, then what is the monthly income of b : c equal to ? [2009-I]
A? [2007-II] (a) 12 : 8 : 21 (b) 8 : 21 : 12
(a) ` 2400 (b) ` 1800 (c) ` 2000 (d) ` 3600 (c) 8 : 12 : 21 (d) 21 : 8 : 12
16. If the ratio of x to y is 25 times the ratio of y to x, then
6. A bag contains 50 paise, ` 1 and ` 2 coins in the ratio
what is the ratio of x to y? [2009-II]
2 : 3 : 4. If the total amount is ` 240, what is the total
(a) 1 : 5 (b) 5 : 1
number of coins ? [2008-I]
(c) 25 : 1 (d) 1 : 25
(a) 90 (b) 150 (c) 180 (d) 200
17. If x : y = 1 : 3, y : z = 5 : k, z : t = 2 : 5 and t : x = 3
7. If 78 is divided into three parts which are proportional : 4, then what is the value of k? [2009-II]
1 1 (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
to 1, , , then what is the middle part ? [2008-I]
2 6 (c) 2 (d) 3
18. A person P started a business with a capital of ` 2525 and
28 52 117 another person Q joined P after some months with a
(a) (b) 13 (c) (d)
3 3 5 capital of ` 1200. Out of the total annual profit of ` 1644,
8. x varies directly as y and inversely as square of z. When P’s share was ` 1212. When did Q join as partners ?
y = 4 and z = 14, x = 10. If y = 16 and z = 7, then what [2009-II]
is value of x ? [2008-I] (a) After 2 months
(a) 180 (b) 160 (c) 154 (d) 140 (b) After 3 months
9. What is the number which has to be added to each term (c) After 4 months
of the ratio 49 : 68, so that it becomes 3 : 4? [2008-II] (d) After 5 months
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9 19. If a quantity y varies as the sum of three quantities of
10. What number must be added to each of 4, 10, 12 and 24, which the first varies as x, the second varies as – x +
so that the resulting numbers are in proportion? x2, the third varies as x3 – x2, then what is y equal to?
[2008-II] [2010-I]
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 4 (a) kx3, where k is a constant
11. 10 years ago, Ram was 5 times as old as Shyam but 20 (b) kx + lx2 + mx3, where k, l, m are constants
years later from now he will be only twice as old as (c) kx2, where k is a constant
Shyam. How many years old is Shyam? [2008-II] (d) kx, where k is a constant
 EBD_7336
M-62 Ratio and Proportion

20. The wages of labourers in a factory has increased in the 32. A bag contains ` 112 in the form of ` 1,50 paise and 10
ratio 22 : 25 and their number decreased in the ratio 3 paise coins in the ratio 3 : 8 : 10. What is the number
: 2. What was the original wages bill of the factory, if of 50 paise coins? [2011-I]
the present bill is ` 5000? [2010-I] (a) 112 (b) 108 (c) 96 (d) 84
(a) ` 4000 (b) ` 6000 33. If p% of ` x is equal to t times q% of ` y, then what
(c) ` 8000 (d) None of these is the ratio of x to y? [2011-I]
21. A mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 5 : 1. On (a) pt : q (b) p : qt (c) qt : p (d) q : pt
adding 5l of water, the ratio of milk and water becomes 3 5 3 2
5 : 2. What is the quantity of milk in the original mixture? 34. If P : Q = : and Q : R = : , then what is
5 7 4 5
[2010-II]
P : Q : R equal to? [2011-II]
(a) 5 l (b) 25 l
(c) 27.5 l (d) 32.5 l 3 5 2 9 15 2
(a) : : (b) : :
22. The ratio between the ages of A and B is 2 : 5. After 5 7 5 20 28 7
8 years their ages will be in the ratio 1 : 2. What is the 3 3 2 3 5 3
difference between their present ages? [2010-II] (c) : : (d) : :
5 4 5 5 7 4
(a) 20 years (b) 22 years
35. If ` 8400 is divided among A, B and C in the ratio
(c) 24 years (d) 25 years
23. If x varies as the mth power of y, y varies as the nth 1 1 1
: : , what is the share of A? [2011-II]
power of z and x varies as the pth power of z, then 5 6 10
which one of the following is correct? [2010-II] (a) 3200 (b) 3400 (c) 3600 (d) 4200
(a) p = m + n (b) p = m – n 36. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5. If 9 is subtracted from
(c) p = mn (d) None of theses each number, then they are in the ratio of
24. If (a – b) : (a + b) = 1 : 5, then what is (a2 – b2) : (a2 + b2) 12 : 23. What is the second number ? [2011-II]
equal to? [2010-II] (a) 44 (b) 55 (c) 66 (d) 77
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 37. The fourth proportional to 7, 11, 14 is [2011-II]
(c) 5 : 13 (d) 13 : 15 (a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 22
25. Three numbers are in the ratio 3 : 2 : 5 and the sum of 38. If x : y = 7 : 5, then what is the value of (5x – 2y) : (3x
their squares is 1862. What are the three numbers? + 2y)? [2012-I]
[2010-II] (a) 5/4 (b) 6/5 (c) 25/31 (d) 31/42
(a) 18, 12, 30 (b) 24, 16, 40 39. What is the mean proportional between (15 + 200 )
(c) 15, 10, 25 (d) 21, 14, 35
and (27 – 648 )? [2012-I]
26. In a class, the number of boys is more than the number
of girls by 12% of the total students. What is the ratio (a) 4 (b) 14 7 (c) 3 5 (d) 5 3
of number of boys to that of girls? [2010-II] 40. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If 9 is added to each
(a) 11 : 14 (b) 14 : 11 (c) 28 : 25 (d) 25 : 28 number, they will be in the ratio 3 : 4. What is the
27. The ratio of A to B is x : 8 and the ratio of B to C is product of the two numbers? [2012-I]
12 : z. If the ratio of A to C is 2 : 1, then what is the ratio (a) 360 (b) 480 (c) 486 (d) 512
of x : z? [2010-II] 41. Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 4 males. In a place, the total inhabitants are 1935000 out
28. If ` 2600 is divided among three persons A, B and C in of which 935000 are females. What is the sex ratio for
the place ? [2012-II]
1 1 1 (a) 935 (b) 1000 (c) 1935 (d) 9350
the ratio : : , then how much does A get?[2011-I]
2 3 4 42. A milkman bought 15 kg of milk and mixed 3 kg of water
(a) ` 600 (b) ` 800 (c) ` 1000 (d) ` 1200 in it. If the price per kg of the mixture becomes ` 22,
29. A certain amount of money has be divided between two what is cost price of the milk per kg? [2012-II]
persons P and Q in the ratio 3 : 5. But it was divided (a) ` 28.00 (b) ` 26.40 (c) ` 24.00 (d) ` 22.00
in the ratio 2 : 3 and thereby Q loses ` 10. What was 43. Age of X is six times that of Y. After 4 years, X is four
the amount? [2011-I] times elder to Y. What is the present age of Y ?
(a) ` 250 (b) ` 300 (c) ` 350 (d) ` 400
[2012-II]
30. ‘X’ is twice as old as ‘Y’ 3 years ago, when ‘X’ was as
old as ‘Y’ today. If the difference between their ages as (a) 4 years (b) 5 years (c) 6 years (d) 7 years
present is 3 years, how old is ‘X’ at present?[2011-I] 44. In a certain school, the ratio of boys to girls is 7 : 5. If
(a) 18 years (b) 12 years (c) 9 years (d) 8 years there are 2400 students in the school, then how many
31. Two vessels are full with milk and water mixed in the girls are there ? [2013-I]
ratio 1 : 3 and 3 : 5 respectively. If both are mixed in the (a) 500 (b) 700 (c) 800 (d) 1000
ratio 3 : 2, what is the ratio of milk and water in the new
45. If a, b, c, d and e are in continued proportion, then a/
mixture ? [2011-I]
(a) 4 : 15 (b) 3 : 7 e is equal to [2013-I]
(c) 6 : 7 (d) None of these (a) a3 / b3 (b) a4 / b4 (c) b3 / a3 (d) b4 / a4
Ratio and Proportion M-63

46. If A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 5 : 7 and C : D = 3 : 10, then 56. The annual incomes of two persons are in the ratio 9 : 7
what is A : D equal to ? [2014-I] and their expenses are in the ratio 4 : 3. If each of them
(a) 1 : 7 (b) 2 : 7 (c) 1 : 5 (d) 5 : 1 saves ` 2,000 per year, what is the difference in their annual
47. The height of a tree varies as the square root of its age income? [2016-I]
(between 5 to 17 yr). When the age of the tree is 9 yr, (a) ` 4,000 (b) ` 4,500 (c) ` 5,000 (d) ` 5,500
its height is 4 ft. What will be the height of the tree at 57. In an office, one third of the workers are women, half of
the age of 16 yr ? [2014-II] the women are married and one third of the married women
(a) 5 ft 4 inch (b) 5 ft 5 inch have children. If three fourth of the men are married and
(c) 4 ft 4 inch (d) 4 ft 5 inch one third of the married men have children, then what is
48. The ratio of ages of A and B is 2 : 5 and the ratio of ages the ratio of married women to married men ? [2016-II]
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3
of B and C is 3 : 4, What is the ratio of ages of A, B
58. There are twelve friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L
and C ? [2014-II]
who invested money in some business in the ratio of 1 : 2
(a) 6 : 15 : 20 (b) 8 : 5 : 3
: 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 10 : 11 : 12 and the duration for which
(c) 6 : 5 : 4 (d) 2 : 15 : 4
they invested the money is in the ratio of 12 : 11 : 10 : 9 : 8
1 1 1 : 7 : 6 : 5 : 4 : 3 : 2 : 1 respectively. Who will get the maximum
49. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio : : . If its
2 3 4 profit at the end of the year ? [2016-II]
(a) F only (b) G only
perimeter is 52 cm, then what is the length of the
(c) Both F and G (d) Neither F nor G
smallest side? [2014-II]
59. Incomes of Mahesh and Kamal are in the ratio 1 : 2 and
(a) 9 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 11 cm (d) 12 cm
their expenses are in the ratio 1 : 3. Which one of the
50. (x + y) : (x – y) = 3 : 5 and xy = positive imply that following statements is correct? [2016-II]
[2014-II] (a) Mahesh saves more than what Kamal saves
(a) x and y are both positive (b) Savings of both of them are equal
(b) x and y are both negative (c) Kamal saves more than what Mahesh saves
(c) one of them is positive and one of them is negative (d) It is not possible to determine who saves more
(d) no real solutions for x and y exist 60. X and Y entered into partnership with `700 and `600
51. A milkman claims to sell milk at its cost price only, but respectively. After 3 months X withdrew 2/7 of his stock
he is making a profit of 20% since he has mixed some but after 3 months, he puts back 3/5 of What he had
amount of water in the milk. What is the percentage of withdrawn. The profit at the end of the year is `726. How
milk in the mixture? [2015-I] much of this should X receive ? [2016-II]
(a) `336 (b) `366 (c) `633 (d) `663
250 200
(a) 80% (b) % (c) 75% (d) % 61. The cost of a diamond varies directly as the square of its
3 3 weight. A diamond broke into four pieces with their
52. 16 litres of a mixture contains milk and water in the ratio weights in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. If the loss in total value
5:3. If 4 litres of milk is added to this mixture, the ratio of the diamond was ` 70,000, what was the price of the
of milk to water in the new mixture would be [2015-I] original diamond ? [2017-I]
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 7 : 3 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 8 : 3 (a) ` 1,00,000 (b) ` 1,40,000
4 (c) ` 1,50,000 (d) ` 1,75,000
53. A tin of oil was full. When 6 bottles of oil were taken 1
5 62. Leela got married 6 years ago. Today her age is 1 times
out from this tin and 4 bottles of oil were poured into it, it 4
1
3 her age at the time of her marriage. Her son's age is times
was full. Oil of how many bottles can the tin contain ? 10
4
(All bottles are of equal volume) [2015-II] her age. What is the present age of her son ? [2017-I]
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 45 (d) 50 (a) 1 year (b) 2 years (c) 3 years (d) 4 years
54. If a : b = 3 : 5 and b : c = 7 : 8, then 2a : 3b : 7c is equal to 63. In a class of 49 students, the ratio of girls to boys is 4 : 3.
[2015-II] If 4 girls leave the class, the ratio of girls to boys would be
(a) 42 : 105 : 320 (b) 15 : 21 : 35 [2017-I]
(c) 6 : 15 : 40 (d) 30 : 21 : 350 (a) 11 : 7 (b) 8 : 7 (c) 6 : 5 (d) 9 : 8
55. In a mixture of milk and water of volume 30 litre, the ratio 64. The ratio of two numbers is 1 : 5 and their product is 320.
of milk and water is 7 : 3. The quantity of water to be What is the difference between the squares of these two
added to the mixture to make the ratio of milk and water numbers ? [2017-I]
1 : 2 is [2015-II] (a) 1024 (b) 1256
(a) 30 (b) 32 (c) 33 (d) 35 (c) 1536 (d) 1640
 EBD_7336
M-64 Ratio and Proportion

65. 25 kg of alloy X is mixed with 125 kg of alloy Y. If the one-eleventh of their sum. What is the differences between
amount of lead and tin in the alloy X is in the ratio 1 : 2 and their ages? [2018-I]
the amount of lead and tin in the alloy Y is in the ratio (a) 8 years (b) 9 years
2 : 3, then what is the ratio of lead to tin in the mixture? (c) 10 years (d) 11 years
[2017-I]
75. An alloy A contains two elements, copper and tin in the
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 5 (d) 7 : 11 ratio of 2 : 3, whereas an alloy B contains the same elements
66. To maintain 8 cows for 60 days, a milkman has to spend in the ratio of 3 : 4. If 20 kg of alloy A, 28 kg of alloy B and
` 6,400. To maintain 5 cows for n days, he has to spend
some more pure copper are mixed to form a third alloy C
` 4,800. What is the value of n? [2017-II]
which now contains copper and tin in the ratio of 6 : 7, then
(a) 46 days (b) 50 days
what is the quantity of pure copper mixed in the alloy C?
(c) 58 days (d) 72 days
[2018-I]
67. Five years ago, Ram was three times as old as Shyam.
(a) 3 kg (b) 4 kg (c) 5 kg (d) 7 kg
Four years from now, Ram will be only twice as old as
Shyam. What is the present age of Ram? [2017-II] 76. A, B, C, D and E start a partnership firm. Capital contributed
(a) 30 years (b) 32 years by A is three times that contributed by D. E contributes
(c) 36 years (d) 40 years half of A’s contribution, B contributes one-third of E’s
contribution and C contributes two-third of A’s
68. If 78 is divided into 3 parts which are proportional to
contribution. If the difference between the combined
1 1 shares of A, D and E and the combined shares of B and C
1, , , then the middle part is [2017-II]
3 6 in the total profit of the firm is `13,500, what is the
combined share of B, C and E? (The shares are supposed
28 52 55
(a) (b) 13 (c) (d) to be proportional to the contributions) [2018-I]
3 3 3
(a) ` 13,500 (b) ` 18,000
69. There are 350 boys in the first three standards. The ratio
(c) ` 19,750 (d) ` 20,250
of the number of boys in first and second standards is
77. According to Mr. Sharma’s will, half of his property goes
2 : 3, while that of boys in second and third standards is to his wife and the rest is equally divided between his two
4 : 5. What is the total number of boys in first and third sons, Ravi and Raj. Some years later, Ravi dies and leaves
standards? [2017-II] half of his property to his widow and rest to his brother
(a) 302 (b) 280 (c) 242 (d) 230 Raj. When Raj dies he leaves half of his property to his
1 widow and remaining to his mother, who is still alive. The
70. of the students who registered did not appear for the mother now owns ` 88,000 worth of the property. The total
25 worth of the property of Mr. Sharma was [2018-II]
11 (a) `1,00,000 (b) `1,24,000
examination, of those who appeared passed. If the
20 (c) `1,28,000 (d) `1,32,000
number of registered students is 2000, the number who 78. X bought 4 bottles of lemon juice and Y bought one
passed is [2018-I] bottle of orange juice. Orange juice per bottle costs
(a) 1920 (b) 1056 (c) 1020 (d) 864 twice the cost of lemon juice per bottle. Z bought
71. If A : B = 1 : 2, B : C = 3 : 4, C : D = 2 : 3 and D : E = 3 : 4, then nothing but contributed ‘ 50 for his share of the drink
what is B : E equal to? [2018-I] which they mixed together and shared the cost equally.
If Z’s ‘50 is covered from his share, then what is the
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 1: 8 (c) 3 : 8 (d) 4 : 1 cost of one bottle of orange juice? [2018-II]
72. ` 120 is distributed among A, B and C so that A’s share is (a) `75 (b) `50 (c) `46 (d) `30
` 20 more than B’s and ` 20 less than C’s. What is B’s 79. The ratio of the sum and difference of the ages of the
share? [2018-I] father and the son is 11 : 3. Consider the following
(a) `10 (b) `15 (c) `20 (d) `25 statements: [2018-II]
73. A gentleman left a sum of `39,000 to be distributed after 1. The rato of their ages is 8 : 5.
2. The ratio of their ages after the son attains twice the
his death among his widow, five sons and four daughters. present age will be 11 : 8.
If each son receives 3 times as much as a daughter receives, Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
and each daughter receives twice as much as their mother (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
receives, then what is the widow’s share? [2018-I] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) ` 1,000 (b) ` 1,200
a2 + c2
(c) ` 1,500 (d) None of the above 80. If a : b = c : d = l : 6, then what is the value of ?
b2 + d 2
74. The age of a woman is a two-digit integer. On reversing
[2019-I]
this integer, the new integer is the age of her husband
who is elder to her. The difference between their ages is 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
600 60 36 6
Ratio and Proportion M-65

81. If (4a + 7b) (4c - 7d) = (4a - 7b) (4c + 7d), then which one
1 3 3 27
of the following is correct ? [2019-I] (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 8 4
a c a c a d 4a c 85. If x2 + 9y2 = 6xy, then what is y : x equal to? [2020-I]
(a) = (b) = (c) = (d) =
b d d b b c 7b d (a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1
86. If x varies as yz, then y varies inversely as [2020-I]
82. Given y is inversely proportional to x , and x = 36 when
y = 36. What is the value of x when y = 54? [2019-II] x z 1
(a) xz (b) (c) (d)
(a) 54 (b) 27 (c) 16 (d) 8 z x ( xz )
83. The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio 4 : 3. Each
87. The population of two villages is 1525 and 2600 respectively.
saves ` 600. If their expenditures are in the ratio 3 : 2, then
what is the monthly income of A ? [2019-II] If the ratio of male to female population in the first village is
(a) `1800 (b) `2000 (c) `2400 (d) `3600 27 : 34 and the ratio of male to female population in the
second village is 6 : 7, then what is the ratio of male to
a 1 b c 1 d e 1 female population of these two villages taken together?
84. If = , = 2, = , = 3 and = , then what is
b 3 c d 2 e f 4 [2020-I]

abc 33 85 71 5
the value of ? [2020-I] (a) (b) (c) (d)
def 41 82 90 6

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1 k
1. (d) Q xµ Þ x= ...(i) 3
´ 80 = 60 l
y 2
y2 =
4
x = 1 and y = 6 Volume of water = 80 – 60 = 20 l
From Eq. (i), Let amount of water added = x l
k According to given condition,
\ 1= Þ k = 36
62 60 2
=
On putting the value of k in Eq. (i), we get 20 + x 3
Þ 40 + 2x = 180
36
x= ...(ii) Þ 2x = 180 – 40
y2 Þ 2x = 140
On putting y = 3 in Eq. (ii), we get \ x = 70 l
4. (b) Let present age of mother and daughter be x and y.
36
x= =4 2 years ago, x – 2 = 8(y – 2)
9 Þ x – 8y = – 14 ...(i)
2. (d) Let the age of son and father is x and 3x years 1 year after, x + 1 = 5(y + 1)
respectively 6 years hence. Þ x – 5y = 4 ...(ii)
\ Present age of father = (3x – 6) years On solving equations. (i) and (ii), we get
Present age of son = (x – 6) years y = 6 years and x = 34 years
3 years ago, age of father = 3x – 6 – 3 Let after z years mother will be three times of her
= (3x – 9) years daughter.
Age of son = x – 6 – 3 = (x – 9) years 34 + z = 3 (6 + z) Þ z = 8 years
According to given condition, 5. (a) Let monthly incomes of A’s and B’s are 4x and 3x.
3x – 9 = 9(x – 9) Þ 3x – 9 = 9x – 81 And monthly expenditures of A’s and B’s are 3y
Þ 81 – 9 = 9x – 3x Þ 6x = 72 and 2y.
72 Each saving = ` 600
\ x= = 12 \ Income – Expenditure = Saving
6
\ 4x – 3y = 600 ...(i)
\ Present age of father = 3 × 12 – 6 = 30 years
3. (a) Volume of mixture of milk and water = 80 l 3x – 2y = 600 ...(ii)
On solving equations. (i) and (ii), we get
Ratio of milk and water = 3 : 1
x = 600
3 \ A’s income = 4x = 4 × 600 = ` 2400
\ Volume of milk = ´ 80
3 +1
 EBD_7336
M-66 Ratio and Proportion

6. (c) Let the number of coins of 50 paise, ` 1 and ` 2 According to the question
coins are 2x, 3x and 4x respectively. 2x – 30 = 5(x – 30)
Value of 50 paise coins = ` x Þ 2x – 30 = 5x – 150
Value of ` 1 coins = ` 3x Þ 150 – 30 = 5x – 2x
Value of ` 2 coins = ` 8x Þ 3x = 120
According to the question, 120
x + 3x + 8x = 240 \ x= = 40
3
240 \ The present age of Shyam
Þ x= = 20
12 = 40 – 20 = 20 years.
Hence, total number of coins = 2x + 3x + 4x 12. (b) Let the present age of father and the son is x years
= 9x = 9 × 20 = 180 and (75 – x) years respectively.
1 1 5 years ago, age of father = (x – 5) years
7. (d) Ratio of three parts = 1: : = 6 : 3 : 1 and age of son = 75 – x – 5 = (70 – x) years
2 6 According to the question,
3 (x – 5)(70 – x) = 750
\ Middle part = ´ 78
6 + 3+1 Þ 70x – x2 – 350 + 5x = 750
Þ – x2 + 75x – 350 = 750
3 ´ 78 3 ´ 39 117 Þ x2 – 55x – 20x + 1100 = 0
= = =
10 5 5 Þ (x – 55)(x – 20) = 0
1 \ x = 20, 55
8. (b) Given, x µ y and x µ \ Present age of father = 55 years
z2 13. (d) According to the question,
y ky m
Now, x µ Þx= 2 y = lx + ...(i)
z2 z x
Q x = 10 at y = 4 and z = 14 where, l and m are proportionality constant.
k ×4 1960 m
\ 10 = Þ k= = 490 When y = 6, x = 4, then 6 = 4l +
196 4 4
Now, at z = 7 and y = 16 Þ 16l + m = 24 ...(ii)
10
490 ´ 16 When y = , x = 3, then
\ x= = 160 3
7´7
10 m
9. (c) Let x number be added to 49 : 68, then it becomes = 3l +
3:4. 3 3
Þ 9l + m = 10 ...(iii)
49 + x 3 From equations. (ii) and (iii), we get.
\ = 16l + m = 24
68 + x 4
Þ 196 + 4x = 204 + 3x 9l + m = 10
\ x=8 – – –
10. (d) Suppose x number is added to each term, they 7l + 0 = 14
become in proportion i.e., (4 + x), (10 + x), (12 + x) 14
and (24 + x) are in proportion. Þ l= =2
7
\ (4 + x) : (10 + x) :: (12 + x) : (24 + x) From Eq. (iii),
4+ x 12 + x 9 × 2 + m = 10 Þ m = 10 – 18 = – 8
Þ = From Eq. (i),
10 + x 24 + x
Þ (4 + x)(24 + x) = (10 + x)(12 + x) 8
y = 2x –
Þ 96 + 28x + x2 = 120 + 22x + x2 x
Þ 28x – 22x = 120 – 96 Þ 6x = 24 14. (a) Let the number of ` 1, 50 paise and 10 paise coins
\ x=4 are 3x, 4x and 10x respectively.
11. (a) Let the age of Shyam and Ram was x and 2x years Given, total money = ` 114
respectively 20 years later from now. Þ (3x) + 0.5 (4x) + 0.1 (10x) = 114
\ Present age of Ram = (2x – 20) years Þ 3x + 2x + x = 114
and present age of Shyam = (x – 20) years Þ 6x = 114
10 years ago, the age of Ram = 2x – 20 – 10
= 2x – 30 114
\ x= = 19
Age of Shyam = x – 20 – 10 = (x – 30) years 6
\ Number of 50 paise coins = 4 × 19 = 76
Ratio and Proportion M-67

Þ 5000 = 25x × 2y
3 9 7
15. (c) a : b = : and b : c = 2 : 5000
2 4 2 Þ = xy
Þ a : b = 6 : 9 and b : c = 4 : 7 50
LCM of 9 and 4 = 36 Þ xy = 100
Þ a : b = 24 : 36 and b : c = 36 : 63 \ Original bill = Initial salary × Initial number of
\ a : b : c = 24 : 36 : 63 employees = 22x × 3y
Þ a : b : c = 8 : 12 : 21 = 66xy = 66 × 100 = ` 6600
21. (b) Let quantities of milk and water are 5x and x l.
x æ yö According to the question,
16. (b) Given, = 25 ç ÷
y èxø 5x 5
=
x 2
25 x 5 x+5 2
Þ = Þ = Þ 10x = 5x + 25
y2 1 y 1
Þ 5x = 25
17. (a) Given, x : y = 1 : 3, y : z = 5 : k, z : t = 2 : 5 \ x=5
t:x=3:4 Hence, the quantity of milk in the original mixture
x y z t = 5 × 5 = 25 l
´ ´ ´ =1
y z t x 22. (c) Let the ages of A and B are 2x and 5x years.
1 5 2 3 1 According to the question,
Þ ´ ´ ´ =1 Þ =k 2x + 8 1
3 k 5 4 2 =
1 5x + 8 2
\ k= Þ 4x + 16 = 5x + 8
2
18. (b) Let Q join for x month. Þ x=8
\ Ratio of capital = 2525 × 12 : 1200 × x \ Difference between their present ages
= 2525 : 100x = 101 : 4x = 5x – 2x = 3x = 3 × 8 = 24 years
101 23. (c) Q x µ ym ...(i)
\ P’s profit = ´ 1644 y µ zn ...(ii)
101 + 4x
x µ zp ...(iii)
101´1644 On putting the values if x and y from equations (ii)
Þ 1212 =
101 + 4x and (iii) in Eq. (i) we get
1212 1 zp µ (zn)m
Þ =
101´1644 101 + 4x Þ zp µ zmn
1 1 \ p = mn
Þ =
137 101 + 4x
Þ 101 + 4x = 137 Þ 4x = 36 a -b 1
24. (c) Given, =
\ x=9 a+b 5
Q joined for 9 month i.e., he joined after 3 months. a+b 5
19. (b) Since, first term µ x Þ First term = c1x Þ =
a -b 1
Second term µ (– x + x2)
a +b+ a -b 5 +1
Þ Second term = c2 (– x + x2) Þ =
Third term µ (x3 – x2) a +b- a +b 5 -1
Þ Third term = c3 (x3 – x2) (using componendo and dividendo rule)
Also, y µ [c1x + c2 (– x + x2) + c3 (x3 – x2)] 2a 6 3 a 3
Þ y = c4 [c1 – c2) x + (c2 – c3) x2 + c3x3] Þ = = Þ =
2b 4 2 b 2
= c4 (c1 – c2) x + (c2 – c3) c4 x2 + c3c4x3 a2 9
= kx + lx2 + mx3 Þ 2 = 4
b
where k = c4 (c1 – c2),
a 2 + b2 13
l = (c2 – c3) c4 and m = c3c4 Þ 2 2 =
20. (d) Let initial salary = ` 22x a -b 5
(using componendo and dividendo rule)
Final salary = ` 25x
Let initial number of employees = 3y a 2 - b2 5
Final number of employees = 2y Þ 2 2 =
a +b 13
\ Present bill = Final salary × Final number of
\ (a2 – b2) : (a2 + b2) = 5 : 13
employees
 EBD_7336
M-68 Ratio and Proportion

25. (d) Let the numbers be 3x, 2x and 5x. 31. (d) By alligation method,
\ (3x)2 + (2x)2 + (5x)2 = 1862
Þ 9x2 + 4x2 + 25x2 = 1862 1 3
4 8
1862
Þ x2 = = 49 x
38
x=7 3 2
Hence, the required numbers are 3 × 7, 2 × 7 and
3
5 × 7. i.e., 21, 14 and 35 -x 3
26. (b) Let the number of boys = x \ 8 =
The number of girls = y 1 2
x-
According to the question, 4
( x + y ) ´12 3 3
x–y= Þ - 2x = 3x -
100 4 4
Þ 25x – 25y = 3x + 3y
Þ 22x = 28y Þ x : y = 14 : 11 6 3
Þ 5x = =
27. (c) Given, A : B = x : 8, B : C = 12 : z 4 2
A A B 3
Þ = ´ \ x=
C B C 10
x 12 3x 32. (a) Let the number of ` 1,50 paise and 10 paise coins
= ´ = are 3x, 4x and x respectively.
8 z 2z
According to the question,
But A : C = 2 : 1
3x + 4x + x = 112
3x 2
Þ = Þ x:z=4:3 112
2z 1 Þ x= = 14
8
1 \ Number of 50 paise coins = 14 × 8 = 112
2 33. (c) p% of x = t (q% of y)
28. (d) A’s part = 1 1 1 ´ 2600
+ + xp yq
2 3 4 Þ = ´t
100 100
1 12
= ´ ´ 2600 = ` 1200 x qt
2 13 Þ =
y p
29. (d) Let the amount be ` x.
In first condition, \ x : y = qt : p
5x 5 3 5
Q’s part = = x 34. (b) Given, P : Q = : ...(i)
5+3 8 5 7
In second condition, 3 2
Q:R= : ...(ii)
3x 3 4 5
Q’s part = = x
2+3 5 From Eq. (i),
According to the question, 3 3 5 3
5 3 P:Q= ´ : ´
x - x = 10 5 4 7 4
8 5 9 15
x = : ...(iii)
\ = 10 Þ x = ` 400 20 28
40 From Eq. (ii),
30. (c) Let present age of X = x years
3 5 2 5
Present age of Y = (x – 3) years Q:R= ´ : ´
3 years ago, age of X = (x – 3) years 4 7 5 7
Age of Y = (x – 6) years 15 2
According to the question, = : ...(iv)
28 7
x – 3 = 2(x – 6) From equations (iii) and (iv),
Þ x – 3 = 2x – 12
Þ 12 – 3 = 2x – x 9 15 2
P:Q:R= : :
x = 9 years 20 28 7
Ratio and Proportion M-69

1 1 1 42. (b) Let cost price of milk ` x per kg.

35. (c) Given, A : B : C = : : =6:5:3 Price of 15kg of milk = ` 15x.
5 6 10 Now, mix 3kg of water, therefore quantity of
6 6 mixture = (15 + 3) kg = 18 kg
\ Share of A = ´ 8400 = ´ 8400
6+5+3 14 So, price of mixture is `22 per kg
= ` 3600 According to question.
36. (b) Let two numbers are 3x and 5x. 15x = 22 × 18
22 ´ 18 132
According to the question, x= = = 26.40
15 5
3x - 9 12 Alternate Method :
=
5x - 9 23 Let CP of milk be ` x per kg.
Þ 69x – 207 = 60x – 108 By Alligation method
69x – 60x = 207 – 108 price of milk price of water
Þ 9x = 99 x 0
\ x = 11
\ Second number = 5 × 11 = 55 22
37. (d) Let fourth proportional be x.
7 : 11 : : 14 : x 22 x – 22
7 14
Þ = Þ x = 2 × 11 \ 22 : (x – 22) = 15 : 3
11 x
\ x = 22 22 15
Þ =
x - 22 3
x 7
38. (c) = (Given that) 22
y 5 Þ =5
x - 22
5x - 2 y (5 ´ 7 - 2 ´ 5) 35 - 10 25
\ = = = Þ 22 = 5x – 110
3x + 2 y (3 ´ 7 + 2 ´ 5) 21 + 10 31 Þ 5x = 132
\ x = ` 26.40
39. (c) Mean proportional between (15 + 200 ) and
43. (c) Let the age of X and Y are x years and y years
(27 – 648 ) respectively.
Then, (x + 4) = 4(y + 4)
= (15 + 200)(27 - 648) Þ 6y + 4 = 4y + 16
Þ 2y = 12
= (15 ´ 27) - (15 ´ 648) + 27 200 - ( 200 ´ 648)
\ y=6
=
\ The present age of y = 6 years
405 - (15 ´18 2) + (27 ´ 10 2) - 10 2 ´18 2) 44. (d) Let the number of boys and girls are 7x and 5x,
respectively.
( ) (
= 405 - 270 2 + 270 2 - 360 ) According to question,
Þ 7x + 5x = 2400 Þ 12x = 2400
= 405 - 360 = 45 = 3 5 \ x = 200
40. (c) Let the two numbers are 2x and 3x, \ Number of girls = 5x
According to the question, = 5 × 200 = 1000
2x + 9 3 45. (b) If a, b, c, d and e are continued proportion.
=
3x + 9 4 a b c d
Þ 9x + 27 = 8x + 36
\ = = = = k ( let )
b c d e
Þ 9x – 8x = 36 – 27 Þ d = ek, c = dk = ek2, b = ek3, a = ek4
\ x=9
So the numbers are 18 and 27. a ek 4 a4 a
\ = = k4 = 4 [Q k = ]
Their product = 18 × 27 = 486. e e b b
41. (a) Total number of inhabitants = 1935000 46. (a) Given, A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 5 : 7 and C : D = 3 : 10
Total number of females = 935000
\ Total number of males = 1935000 – 935000 A A B C 2 5 3 1
\ = ´ ´ = ´ ´ =
= 1000000 D B C D 3 7 10 7
935000 \ A:D=1:7
\ Sex ratio = ´ 1000 = 935
1000000
 EBD_7336
M-70 Ratio and Proportion

47. (a) Let height of tree be h ft and age be a yr.

6 –1
Now, according to the question, percentage of milk = ´ 100
6
hµ a Þ h=k a
Here k is a constant. 5 250
= ´ 100 = %
Now, age = 9 yr, So, height = 4 ft 6 3
Þ From Eq. (i), we get 4 = k 9 52. (b) 16 litres
4
Þ 4=k×3 \ k=
3 10 l milk 6 l water
4 If 4l milk is added in mixture then
Again of age = 16 yr, then h = k 16 = ´ 4
3
(10 + 4)
é 4ù New ratio =
êQ k = 3 ú 6
ë û
16 1 14 7
\ h= ft = 5 ft = 5ft 4 inch = = = 7:3
3 3 6 3
48. (a) A : B = 2 : 5 ® × 3 53. (b) Let the number of bottles in the tin be 20 n.
B:C=3:4®×5 [LCM of (5, 4) = 20]. Initially it had 16 n bottles. 6
Now, A : B = 6 : 15 bottles were removed and 4 were poured into the tin.
B : C = 15 : 20
So A : B : C = 6 : 15 : 20 3
Then it was full.
1 1 1 4
49. (d) Sides of a triangle are in the ratio = : :
2 3 4 16n – 6 + 4 = 15n Þ n = 2
=6:4:3 \ 20n = 20 × 2 = 40
x involves in ratio so that sides of a triangle 6x, 4x So, option (b) is correct.
and 3x respectively.
Perimeter of a triangle = Sum of all sides of a a 3 3
54. (c) < Þa< b
triangle b 5 5
Þ 52 = 6x + 4x + 3x Þ 52 = 13x
b 7 7 8
52 < Þb< c< b
\ x= =4 c 8 8 7
13
\ Smallest side of a triangle = 3x = 3 × 4 = 12 cm 3 8
a:b:c= b : b : b = 21 : 35 : 40
x+ y 3 5 7
50. (d) \ = 2a : 3b : 7c = 42 : 105 : 280 = 6 : 15 : 40
x- y 5
So, option (c) is correct
Apply componendo and dividendo rule, we get
7
( x + y ) + ( x - y) 3 + 5 55. (c) Milk in the mixture = 30 × = 21 litres
= 10
( x + y ) – ( x - y) 3 – 5
2x 8 x 3
Þ = Þ y = –4 \ x = – 4y Water in the mixture =30 × = 9 litres
2 y –2 10
But given that, xy = Positive Let the quantity of water added be x.
\ –4y × y = Positive According to question-
Þ –4y2 = Positive, it is not possible. 21 1
Therefore, no real solution for x and y exist. < Þ 9 + x = 42 Þ x = 33 litres
9∗x 2
51. (b) Let milkman buy milk of `100.
20% profit then = `120 So, option (c) is correct.
Water 56. (a) Let annual income of one person = 9x
Milk
0 Let annual income of second person = 7x
100
Let Expenses of Ist person = 4y
Let Expenses of 2nd person = 3y
Saving of Ist person = 2000
120 Saving of 2nd person = 2000
According to condition,
9x – 4y = 2000
7x – 3y = 2000
20 120 On solving, we get
1 6 x = 2000
Ratio and Proportion M-71

Annual income of 1st person = 9 × 2000 = 18000 3

Annual income of 2nd person = 7 × 2000 = 14000 63. (b) No. of boys = ´ 49 = 21
Difference between their incomes = ` 4000 7
\ Option (a) is correct. 4
57. (d) Men No. of girls = ´ 49 = 28
Women 7
2x x
ATQ
3 3
28 - 4 24 8
= =
21 21 7
64. (c) Let the 2 numbers be x and 5x
Married Unmarried Married Unmarried ATQ
x x 5x (x) = 320
3 æ 2x ö 1 æ 2x ö
ç ÷ ç ÷ 6 6 5x2 = 320
4è 3 ø 4è 3 ø x2 = 64
married women x / 6 x= 8
= = 1: 3 number are 8 and 40
married men x/2
402 – 82 = (40 + 8) (40 – 8)
58. (c) Multiplying ratio of investment and time we get ratio 48 × 32 = 1536
12 : 22 : 30 : 36 : 40 : 42 : 42 : 40 : 36 : 30 : 22 : 12 65. (d) Alloy X Alloy Y
where F and G have equal maximum profit Total 25 125
59. (d) Not possible to determine.
Ratio of lead 1 : 2 2: 3
60. (b) x invested = `700, y invested `600
and tin
2
x after 3 month = 700 – (700) = `500 1 2
7 Lead ´ 25 ´ 125
3 3 5
again after 3 months deposited = 500 Å (200)
5 2 3
= `620 Tin ´ 25 ´ 125
effective money invested by x = 700 × 3 + 500 × 3 3 5
+ 620 × 6 = 2100 + 1500 + 3720 = ` 7320 When mixed
effective money invested by y = 600 × 12 = `7200 25 50
Lead = + 50 ; Tin = + 75
7320 3 3
Profit of x = ´ 726
[7320 + 7200] 175 275
= =
7320 3 3
´ 726 = `366
14520
175
61. (a) Let price of diamond be kx2 where K is constant
3 = 175
total price for 4 pieces Ratio = 275 275 = 7 : 11
Kx2 [1 + 4 + 9 + 16] = 30 kx2 3
Price of original diamond = 100 kx2 66. (d) If to maintain M1 cows for D1 days a milkman spends
difference = 70kx2 = 70000 or kx2 = 1000 »W1 and to maintain M2 cows for D2 days, a milk-
original price
M 1D1 M 2 D2
100 × 1000 = ` 100000 man spends » W2, then =
W1 W2
62. (c) Let present age of Leela = x years
Leela's age at the time of Marriage = x – 6
ATQ M1 D1 M 2 D2 8 ´ 60 5 ´ n
= Þ =
W1 W2 6400 4800
1
x = 1 (x - 6) 3 n
4 Þ =
40 960
5 3 ´ 960
x= (x - 6) Þn= = 3 ´ 24 = 72
4 40
4x = 5x – 30
Hence, the milkman needs 72 days for maintenance.
x = 30 67. (b) Using the options and the first given condition, we
1
Child's age = ´ 30 = 3 years. get x – 5 = 3(y – 5)
10 Using the option (a),
x - 5 = 3( y - 5) Þ 30 - 5 = 3( y - 5)
 EBD_7336
M-72 Ratio and Proportion

Þ 25 = 3y – 15 Þ 40 71. (c) A : B = 1 : 2
which gives value of y as a fraction. B: C= 3 :4
Using the option (b), C : D (2 : 3)2 = 4 : 6

x - 5 = 3( y - 5) Þ 32 - 5 = 3( y - 5) D : E = (3 : 4)2 = 6 : 8
\ B: E=3 :8
Þ 27 = 3(y – 5) Þ 9 = y – 5 Þ y = 14
72. (c) Let share of A be x
Using the option (c),
share of B = x – 20
x - 5 = 3( y - 5) Þ 36 - 5 = 3( y - 5) share of C = x + 20
Þ 31 = 3y – 15 Þ 46 = 3y According to the question
which gives value of y as a fraction. x + x – 20 + x + 20 = 120
Using the option (d),
120
x - 5 = 3( y - 5) Þ 40 - 5 = 3( y - 5) Þ 3x = 120 \x = = 40
3
Þ 35 = 3y – 15 Þ 50 = 3y Hence, share of B = 40 – 20 = 20
which also gives the value of y as a fraction. 73. (a) Let share of mother be x
Since only option (b) gives the final value of y as an share of each daughter = 2x
integer, therefore option (b) is the correct answer share of each son = 2x × 3 = 6x
68. (c) We are given that the 3 parts are proportional to 1, Total amount = 5 × 6x + 4 × 2x + x = 39x
1 1 According to the question
, .
3 6 39000
39x = 39000 \ x= = 1000
LCM of the denominators is 6. 39
1´ 6 6 1´ 2 2 1 Hence, widow’s share is 1000.
Therefore, the ratio will be = : = : 74. (b) Let unit digit of age of women be x and ten’s digit be y
1´ 6 6 3 ´ 2 6 6
Age of woman = y × 10 + x × 1 = 10y + x
i.e. 6 : 2 : 1.
Age of her husband = x × 10 + y × 1 = 10x + y
Sum of the ratio parts is 6 + 2 + 1 i.e. 9.
According to the question
2 2 52 1
Now, the middle part of 78 is ´ 78 = ´ 26 = (10x + y + 10y + x) = 10x + y – (10y + x)
9 3 3 11
69. (d) We are given that the ratio of the number of boys in 1
the first and the second standards is 2 : 3 and the (11x + 11y) = 9x – 9y
11
ratio of the number of boys in the second and third x + y = 9x – 9y
standards is 4 : 5. 8x = 10y \ x: y= 5 : 4
Now, we calculate a common ratio for all the three Hence possible values of x and y are 5 and 4
standards. respectively
2 : 3 and 4 : 5 will be 2 × 4 : 3 × 4 = 8 : 12 and 4 × Required difference = 9 × 5 – 9 × 4 = 9 years
3 : 5 × 3 = 12 : 15. 2
75. (b) Copper in alloy A = ´ 20 = 8 kg
Therefore, the common ratio for all the three stan- 5
dards is 8 : 12 : 15. 3
Sum of the ratio parts = 8 + 12 + 15 = 35 Tin in alloy A = ´ 20 = 12 kg
5
8 3
Number of boys in first standard = ´ 350 = 80 Copper in alloy B = ´ 28 = 12 kg
35 7
4
15 Tin in alloy B = ´ 28 = 16 kg
Number of boys in third standard = ´ 350 = 150 7
35 Let here copper x kg be mixed
Total number of boys in both standards According to the question,
= 80 + 150 = 230. 8 + 12 + x 6 20 + x 6
= ; =
70. (b) Total number of registered students = 2000 12 + 16 7 28 7
Total number of appeared students 20 + x = 24 \ x = 24 – 20 = 4 kg
1 76. (b) Let contribution of D be x
= 2000 - 2000 ´ = 1920 Contribution of A = x × 3 = 3x
25
Total number of passed students 1 3x
Contribution of E = 3x ´ =
11 2 2
= 1920 ´ = 1056
20 3x 1 x
Contribution of B = ´ =
2 3 2
Ratio and Proportion M-73

2 a c 1
Contribution of C = 3x ´ = 2x 80. (c) = =
3 b d 6
According to the question a=c=1
b=d=6
æ 3x ö æ x ö
çè 3x + x + ÷ø - çè + 2x ÷ø = 13500 a 2 + c2 1 +1 2 1
2 2 = = =
b 2 + d 2 36 + 36 72 36
11x 5x 81. (a) (4a + 7b) (4c – 7d) = (4a – 7b) (4c + 7d)
- = 13500
2 2 (4a + 7b)/(4a – 7b) = (4c + 7d)/(4c – 7d)
6x Using componendo and dividendo
= 13500 \ x = 4500 {(4a + 7b) + (4a – 7b)} / {(4a + 7b) – (4a – 7b)}
2
Total share of B, C and E = {(4c + 7d) + (4c – 7d)} / {(4c + 7d) – (4c – 7d)}
8a / 14b = 8c / 14d
4500 3 ´ 4500
= + 2 ´ 4500 + = 18000 a/b = c/d
2 2
77. (c) Let Mr. Sharma’s property = 1000 units k
82. (c) y=
From his will chart, x
1000 k k
36 = = Þ k = 36 ´ 6 = 216
Mrs. Sharma Sons 36 6
500 500
216
Ravi Raj Now x= = 4 Þ x =16
54
250 250 + 125 = 375 83. (c) Income - A : B
Wife Mother 4: 3
Wife Raj
187.5 187.5 Expenditure - 3 : 2
125 125 Each saving - 600
Now, property of Mrs. Sharma = 500 + 187.5 = 687.5 As Income – Expenditures = 4x – 3x = 600
units Income – Expenditures x = 600
687.5 units ® Rs. 88,000 Income - 4x ® 600 × 4 = 2400
Then, 84. (c) We have
88000 a : b= 1 : 3
1000 units ® ´ 1000 b: c= 2 : 1
687.5 c: d=1 :2
= `1,28000 d: e=3 :1
78. (b) Let, cost of lemon Juice bottle = x e: f= 1 :4
cost of orange Juice bottle = 2x a : b: c : d : e: f= 2 : 6: 3 : 6: 2 : 8
ATQ, 4 bottle of lemon juice = 2 bottle of orange juice
Total bottle of orange juice bought = x + 2x = 3x abc 2 ´ 6´ 3 3
= =
Now, Z’s share = 50. def 6 ´ 2´ 8 8
\ cost of one bottle of orange juice = 50 85. (a) We have, x2 + 9y2 = 6xy
79. (b) Let age of father and son be ‘F’ and ‘S’ resp. 2
ATQ, æ yö æ yö
9 ç ÷ – 6 ç ÷ +1= 0
F + S 11
x
è ø èxø
= 2
F –S 3 æ y ö y 1
Þ ç 3 –1÷ = 0 Þ =
3F + 3S = 11F – 11S è x ø x 3
14S = 8F 1
86. (c) As, x µ yz Þ µ z/x
F 7 y
=
S 4
1525´ 27 2600´ 6
Statement 1: Ratio of their ages = 7 : 4 Male + 1875 5
87. (d) = 61 13 = =
So, it is incorrect Total 4125 11
Statement 2: Let son, s age = 4 years and father’s 1525 + 2600
age = 7 years 5 5
Male
ATQ, \ = 11– 5 = 6
When son’s age = 8 yrs Female
Then father’s age = 11 yrs
So, it is correct
 EBD_7336
M-74 Average

CHAPTER

7 Average
1. A batsman scores 80 runs in his sixth innings and thus 11. The average weight of a class of 15 boys and 10 girls
increases his average by 5. What is his average after six is 38.4 kg. If the average weight of the boys is 40 kg,
innings?` [2011-I] then what is the average weight of the girls? [2013-I]
(a) 50 (b) 55 (c) 60 (d) 65 (a) 36.5 kg (b) 35 kg (c) 36 kg (d) 34.6 kg
2. An aeroplane flies along the four sides of a square at a 12. If the average of A and B is 30, the average of C and D
speed of 100, 200, 300 and 400 km/h, respectively. What is 20, then which of the following is/are correct?
is the average speed of the plane in its flight around the I. The average of B and C must be greater than 25.
square? [2011-I] II. The average of A and D must be less than 25.
(a) 196 km/h (b) 200 km/h
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(c) 250 km/h (d) None of these
[2014-I]
3. How much tea at ` 9 per kg must be mixed with 100 kg
(a) Only I (b) Only II
of superior tea at ` 13.50 per kg to give an average price
of ` 11 per kg? [2011-I] (c) Either I or II (d) Neither I or II
(a) 85 kg (b) 120 kg 13. The price of a commodity increased by 5% from 2010 to
(c) 125 kg (d) 130 kg 2011, 8% from 2011 to 2012 and 77% from 2012 to 2013.
4. The population of a state increased from 100 million to What is the average price increase (approximate) from
169 million in two decades. What is the average increase 2010 to 2013? [2014-II]
in population per decade? [2011-I] (a) 26% (b) 32% (c) 24% (d) 30%
(a) 20% (b) 34.5% (c) 69% (d) 30% 14. The average of m numbers is n4 and the average of n
5. A person invested part of ` 45000 at 4% and the rest at numbers is m4. The average of (m + n) numbers is
6%. If his annual income from both are equal, then what [2015-II]
is the average rate of interest? [2011-I] (a) mn (b) m2 + n 2
(a) 4.6% (b) 4.8% (c) 5.0% (d) 5.2% (c) mn (m2 + n2) (d) mn(m2 + n2 – mn)
6. Nine numbers are written in ascending order. The middle 15. The average weight of students in a class is 43 kg. Four
number is the average of the nine numbers. The average new students are admitted to the class whose weights are
of the first five larger numbers is 68 and that of five 42 kg, 36.5 kg, 39 kg and 42.5 kg respectively. Now the
smaller numbers is 44. What is the sum of all nine average weight–of the students of the class is 42.5 kg,
numbers? [2011-I]
The number of students in the beginning was [2015-II]
(a) 450 (b) 501 (c) 504 (d) 540
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (b) 25
7. In an examination, 40% of the candidates wrote their answers
16. Four years ago, the average age of A and B was 18 years.
in Hindi and the others in English. The average marks of the
Now the average age of A, B and C is 24 years. After 8
candidates written in Hindi is 74 and the average marks of years, the age of C will be. [2015-II]
the candidates written in English is 77. What is the average (a) 32 years (b) 28 years
marks of all the candidates ? [2011-I] (c) 36 years (d) 40 years
(a) 75.5 (b) 75.8 (c) 76.0 (d) 76.8 17. If the mean age of combined group of boys and girls is 18
8. The mean weight of 150 students in a certain class is 60 years and the mean of age of boys is 20 and that of girls is
kg. The mean weight of the boys from the class is 70 kg,
16, then what is the percentage of boys in the group ?
while that of girls is 55 kg. What is the number of girls
in the class ? [2011-I] [2016-II]
(a) 105 (b) 100 (c) 95 (d) 60 (a) 60 (b) 50 (c) 45 (d) 40
9. Out of 250 observations, the first 100 observations have 18. A cricketer has a certain average of 10 innings. In the
mean 5 and the average of the remaining 150 observations eleventh inning he scored 108 runs, thereby increasing
his average by 6 runs. What is his new average?
25
is . What is the average of the whole group of [2016-II]
3 (a) 42 (b) 47 (c) 48 (d) 60
observations ? [2011-I] 19. The mean of 20 observations is 17. On checking it was
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 found that the two observations were wrongly copied as 3
10. The mean weight of 150 students in a class is 60 kg. The and 6. If wrong observations are replaced by correct values
mean weight of boys is 70 kg and that of girls is 55 kg,
8 and 9, then what is the correct mean ? [2016-II]
what is the number of boys in the class ? [2012-II]
(a) 17.4 (b) 16.6 (c) 15.8 (d) 14.2
(a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 75 (c) 100
Average M-75

20. In a class of 100 students, there are 70 boys whose average (a) 39 years, 21 years (b) 55 years, 25 years
marks in a subject are 75. If the average marks of the (c) 75 years, 25 years (d) 49 years, 31 years
complete class is 72, then what is the average marks of the 30. The average marks of section A are 65 and that of section
girls ? [2016-II] B are 70. If the average marks of both the sections
(a) 64 (b) 65 (c) 68 (d) 74 combined are 67, then the ratio of number of students of
21. Sunil wants to spend ` 200 on two types of sweets, costing section A to that of section B is [2018-II]
` 7 and ` 10 respectively. What is the maximum number of (a) 3 : 2 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 3
sweets he can get so that no money is left over ? 31. Priya’s age was cube of an integral number (different from
[2017-I] 1) four years ago and square of an integral number after
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28 four years. How long should she wait so that her age
22. The mean of 5 numbers is 15. If one more number is the becomes square of a number in the previous year and
mean of the 6 numbers becomes 17. What is the included cube of a number in the next year ? [2019-I]
number? [2017-I] (a) 7 years (b) 12 years (c) 14 years(d) 21 years
(a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (d) 27 32. In a class of 100 students, the average weight is 30 kg. If the
23. The mean marks obtained by 300 students in a subject are average weight of the girls is 24 kg and that of the boys is 32
60. The mean of top 100 students was found to be 80 and kg, then what is the number of girls in the class ? [2019-I]
the mean of last 100 students was found to be 50. The (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28
mean marks of the remaining 100 students are [2017-I] 33. A race has three parts. The speed and time required to
(a) 70 (b) 65 (c) 60 (d) 50 complete the individual parts for a runner is displayed on
24. Let a, b, c, d, e, f, g be consecutive even numbers and j, k, the following chart: [2019-I]
l, m, n be consecutive odd numbers. What is the average
of all the numbers ? [2017-I] Part I Part II Part III
Speed (kmph) 9 8 7. 5
3(a + n) (5l + 7d)
(a) (b) Time (minutes) 50 80 100
2 4
What is the average speed of this runner ?
(a + b + m + n)
(c) (d) None of the above (a) 8. 17 kmph (b) 8. 00 kmph
4 (c) 7. 80 kmph (d) 7. 77 kmph
25. At present the average of the ages of a father and a son is 34. The average of 50 consecutive natural numbers is x. What
25 years. After seven years the son will be 17 years old. will be the new average when the next four natural numbers
What will be the age of the father after 10 years? are also included ? [2019-I]
[2018-I] (a) x + 1 (b) x + 2 (c) x + 4 (d) x + (x/54)
(a) 44 years (b) 45 years 35. Consider two-digit numbers which remain the same when
(c) 50 years (d) 52 years the digits interchange their positions. What is the average
26. If the average of 9 consecutive positive integers is 55, of such two-digit numbers? [2019-I]
then what is the largest integer? [2018-I] (a) 33 (b) 44 (c) 55 (d) 66
(a) 57 (b) 58 (c) 59 (d) 60 36. Radha and Rani are sisters. Five years back, the age of
27. The average of the ages of 15 students in a class is 19 Radha was three times that of Rani, but one year back the
years. When 5 new students are admitted to the class, the age of Radha was two times that of Rani. What is the age
average age of the class becomes 18.5 years. What is the difference between them? [2019-II]
average age of the 5 newly admitted students? [2018-I] (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
(a) 17 years (b) 17.5 years 37. A library has an average number of 510 visitors on Sunday
(c) 18 years (d) 18.5 years and 240 on other days. What is the average number of visitors
28. The sum of ages of a father, a mother, a son Sonu and per day in a month of 30 days beginning with Saturday ?
daughters Savita and Sonia is 96 years. Sonu is the [2019-II]
youngest member of the family. The year Sonu was born, (a) 276 (b) 282 (c) 285 (d) 375
the sum of the ages of all the members of the family was 38. In a class room the ratio of number of girls to that of boys is
66 years. If the father’s age now is 6 times that of Sonu’s 3 : 4. The average height of students in the class is 4.6 feet.
present age, then 12 years hence, the father’s age will be If the average height of the boys in the class is 4.8 feet,
[2018-II] then what is the average height of the girls in the class ?
(a) 44 years (b) 45 years
[2020-I]
(c) 46 years (d) 48 years
(a) Less than 4.2 feet
29. Ten (10) years before, the ages of a mother and her
daugther were in the ratio 3 : 1. In another 10 years from (b) More than 4.2 feet but less than 4.3 feet
now, the ratio of their ages will be 13 : 7. What are their (c) More than 4.3 feet but less than 4.4 feet
present ages? [2018-II] (d) More than 4.4 feet but less than 4.5 feet
 EBD_7336
M-76 Average

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Let the average of 5 innings = x 6. (c) Since, 5th term = average of 9 numbers = x
Scores in sixth inning = 80 Sum of first five larger numbers = 68 × 5 = 340
\ Total of 5 innings = 5x Sum of first five smaller numbers = 44 × 5 = 220
According to the question, 340 + 220 - x
5x + 80 Average of nine numbers =
9
=x+5
6 (since, x is subtracted because 5th term repeated
Þ 5x + 80 = 6x + 30 twice)
Þ x = 80 – 30 = 50 560 - x
\ His average after six innings = 50 + 5 = 55 \ x=
9
Total distance Þ 9x + x = 560 Þ x = 56
2. (d) Average speed =
Total time \ Sum of 9 numbers = 56 × 9 = 504
7. (b) Let total number of candidates in Hindi = 100
x+ x+ x+ x \ Total marks of 40 candidates in English = 40 × 74
=
x x x x Total marks of 60 candidates = 60 × 77
+ + +
100 200 300 400 40 ´ 74 + 60 ´ 77
\ Required average marks =
4x 100
=
12 x + 6 x + 4 x + 3 x 2960 + 4620 7580
= = = 75.80
1200 100 100
4 x ´1200 8. (b) Let the no. of boys = x
= = 192 km/h No. of girls = 150 – x
25x
3. (c) Let x kg of tea of ` 9 per kg. 70 x + (150 - x) ´ 55
Average weight =
9 ´ x + 13.5 ´100 150
= 11 70 x + (150 - x) ´ 55
x + 100 Þ 60 =
Þ 9x + 1350 = 11x + 1100 Þ 2x = 250 150
\ x = 125 kg. No. of boys (x) = 50
4. (b) The difference of population in two decades No. of girls = 150 – x = 150 – 50 = 100
= 169 – 100 = 69 million 25
\ Increase in population in first decade 9. (b) Given, n1 = 100, x1 = 5 and n2 = 150, x2 =
3
69% Average of whole group of observations
= = 34.5% n x +n x
2 x1 = 1 1 2 2
5. (b) Let a person invest 4% of x. n1 + n2
According to question 25
100 ´ 5 + 150 ´
x ´ 4 (45000 - x) = 3 = 1750 = 7
\ = ´6
100 100 100 + 150 250
Þ 2x = 45000 × 3 – 3x 10. (a) Total weight of 150 students
= 150 × 60 = 9000 kg
45000 ´ 3
Þ x= = ` 27000 Let total no. of boys = x
5 No. of girls = 150 – x
Another part is ` 18000.
Let r = Average rate of interest x ´ 70 + (150 - x)55
Average weight =
150
27000 ´ 4
Interest for 1st part in one year = = ` 1080 70 x + 150 ´ 55 - 55 x
100 Þ 60 =
Similarly, interest for rest part in one year = 1080 150
Q Total interest = ` 2160 Þ 60 × 150 = 15x + 150 × 55
45000 ´ r Þ 15x = 60 × 150 – 150 × 55
\ = 2160
750
100 \ x= = 50
216 15
Þ r= = 4.8%
\ No. of boys in the class = 50
45
Average M-77

11. (c) Let average weight of girls = x A - 4 + B- 4

Total weight of the boys = 40 kg × 15 = 600 kg. Þ = 18
Average weight 2
Total weight of girls + Total weight of boys A + B-8
= Þ = 18
No. of boys + No. of girls 2
A + B = 44 --- (ii)
600 + 10 ´ x eq(i) – eq (ii) -
Þ 38.4 = (A + B + C) – (A + B) = 72 – 44
15 + 10
C = 28 years
600 + 10 x After 8 years age of C
Þ 38.4 =
25 = 28 + 8 = 36 years
Þ 38.4 × 25 = 600 + 10x So, option (c) is correct.
\ x = 36 kg 17. (b) Let number of boys and girls be x and y
12. (d) Average of A and B = 30 ATQ
A+ B 20 x + 16 y
Þ = 30 Þ A + B = 60 x+y
= 18
2
Average of C and D = 20 20x + 16y = 18x + 18y
C+D 2x = 2y
Þ = 20 Þ C + D = 40 x= y
2 i.e. boys are 50% of group
Here, we can’t find the avg of B and C, A and D 18. (c) Let the cricketer's average be = x run per match
so that Neither I or II are follows. ATQ
æ 5 + 8 + 77 ö 10x + 108
13. (d) Average price increase = ç ÷% =x+6
è 3 ø 11
90 11x + 66 = 10x + 108
= % = 30% x = 42
3 New average = 42 + 6 = 48
14. (d) Sum of ‘m’ numbers = m.n 4 19. (a) Mean of 20 observation = 17
Sum of ‘n’ numbers = n.m4 total sum = 17 × 20 = 340
Sum of ‘m + n’ numbers = mn 4 + nm4 ATQ
mn 4 + nm 4 340 - 3 - 6 + 8 + 9 348
Average of ‘m + n’ numbers = = = 17.4
(m + n ) 20 20

( )
20. (b) Total student = 100, Boy = 70, Girls = 30
mn n 3 + m3 Boys average = 75
= Total marks = 75 × 70 = 5250
( m + n) Class average = 72
(
mn (m + n ) m 2 + n 2 - mn ) Total class marks = 72 × 100 = 7200
7200 - 5250 1950
=
(m + n ) Total marks of girls =
30
=
30
= 65
= mn(m2 + n2 – mn) 21. (b) Let the two types of sweets be x and y
So, option (d) is correct.
ATQ
15. (c) Let the no. of students in the beginning be x.
According to question- 7x + 10y = 200
\ it is possible when
43x + 42 + 36.5 + 38 + 42.5
Þ = 42.5 7x is multiple of 10
( x + 4) i.e. 70 and 140 .....
43x +160 7 × 10 + 10 × 13 = 200; 10 + 13 = 23
Þ = 42.5 7 × 20 + 10 × 6 = 200; 20 + 6 = 26
( x + 4)
Maximum sweet went x = 20 and y = 6 i.e. Total 26.
Þ 43x + 160 = 42.5 x + 170 22. (d) Mean of 5 number = 15
Þ 0.5x = 10 Total = 15 × 5 = 75
Þ x = 20
So, option (c) is correct. Let number included = 75 + x
16. (c) Let their age be A, B and C respectively. ATQ
A +B+C 75 + x
Þ = 24 = 17
3 6
Þ A + B + C = 72 --- (i) x = 102 – 75 = 27
 EBD_7336
M-78 Average

23. (d) Mean marks of 300 student = 60 29. (b) Let present age of mother and daughter are M and D
Total mark = 300 × 60 respectively.
Mean marks of 100 students = 80 According to the question
Mean marks of another 100 students = 50 M –10 3
let Mean mark of remaining 100 student = x = Þ M – 3D = – 20 ...(i)
ATQ D –10 1
100x + 100 × 50 + 100 × 80 = 300 × 60 and,
100x = 5000 M + 10 13
x = 50 = Þ 7M –13D = 60 ...(ii)
24. (d) when a, b, c, d, e, f, g are consecutive evenno then no D + 10 7
or From (i) and (ii), we have
d – 6, d – 4, d – 2, d + 2, d + 4, d + 6 21D – 13D = 140 + 60
Total = 7d 80D = 200 Þ D = 25 and M = 55
Similarly, Hence, Mother’s present age = 55 yrs.
When J, K, L, m and n be consecutive odd no. then Daughter’s present age = 25 years
numbers are l – 4, l – 2, l, l + 2, l + 4 30. (a) Section A
Total = 5l x1 + x 2 .... + x n
5l + 7d = 65
Average = n
12 x1 + x2 + ...... + xn = 65×n ...(1)
25. (c) Total age of father and son at present Section B
= 2 × 25 = 50 years
y1 + y2 .... + ym
7 years later total age of father and son = 70%
= 50 + 2 × 7 = 64 years m
y1 + y2 + ...... + ym = 70×m ...(2)
7 years later age of son = 17 years
7 years later age of father = 64 – 17 = 47 years Combined Section
Present age of father = 47 – 7 = 40 years y1 + y 2 .... + y m
= 70
age of father 10 years later = 40 + 10 = 50 years m
26. (c) Let integers be x, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3, x + 4, x + 5, x + 6, x 3 n
+ 7 and x + 8 respectively 65n + 70m = 67n + 67m ; 3m = 2n ; =
2 m
According to the question 31. (c) Let present age of Priya be x
x – 4 = n3
x + x +1+ x + 2 + x + 3 + x + 4 + x + 5 + x + 4 = (b)2
x + 6+ x + 7+ x +8 since n is a no > 1 on putting n = 2 we get x = 12
= 55
9 So x + 4 = 16 which is square of an integral number
9x + 36 = 495 thus, consistent with given information after how
9x = 495 – 36 = 459 many years her age becomes such that age before
one year is a square and age after one year is a cube
459
\ x= = 51 Using option if we add 14 years to current age, we
9 get age = 26 years
Hence, largest integer = 51 + 8 = 59 Here 25 is a square and 27 is a cube thus making 14
27. (a) Total age of 15 students of the class = 15 × 19 =285 the correct answer.
Total age of 20 students of the class = 18.5 × 20=370 32. (a) By alligation,
Total age of 5 new students = 370 – 285 = 85 years girls boys
85 24 32
average age of new students = = 17 years 30
5
28. (d) Let present age of son is x years 2 : 6
Then, Sum of present age of all 5 members of the 1 : 3
family = 96 1
So the number of girls will be = ´100 = 25
Now, from question, at the time the son sonu was 4
born i.e. a time before x years, sum of ages of 4 33. (b) Average speed = Total Distance / Total time
member of the family = 66. 50 80 100
So, 66 + 5x = 96 9 + 8 + 7.5
5x = 30 Þ x = 6. = 60 60 60
50 80 100
Sonu’s present age = 6 years + +
60 60 60
Sonu’s father present age = 6 × 6 = 36 years
= (45 + 64 + 75 ) / 23 = 184/23
12 years hence father’s age = 36 + 12 = 48 years = 8 kmph
Average M-79

34. (b) Sum of n consecutive natural numbers = n (n + 1)/2 from equation (i) and (ii)
Average of n consecutive natural numbers Þ –4 = B – 13 Þ B= 9
= (n + 1)/2 So A – 1 = 18 – 2Þ A = 17
For first 50 average = 51/2 = x A – B = 17 – 9 = 8 years
When next 4 natural numbers are included. 37. (c) Total sunday = 5
55 other day = 25
Then, average of 54 continuons natural number = \ Average number of visitor in a month
2
5´ 510 + 25´ 240
51 4 =
= + = x+2 30
2 2
35. (c) All such 2 digt numbers whose digits are same, 11, 2550 + 6000 8550
= = = 285
22, 33, 44 .... upto 99 30 30
(11 + 22 + 33 + ..... + 99 ) 38. (c) Let number of boys and girls in the class is 4x and
Average = sum/9 = = 55 3x also Average height of girl is h
9 Now,
36. (a) Radha’s Age = A Þ 7x × 4.6 = 4x × 4.8 + 3x × h
Rani’s Age = B Þ 32.2x = 19.2x + 3x × h
A –5 13
=3 Þ A – 5 = 3(B - 5) ...(i) \h= = 4.3
B–5 3
A –1
=2 Þ A –1 = 2(B- 1) ...(ii)
B –1
 EBD_7336
M-80 Simple and Compound Interest

CHAPTER
Simple and
8 Compound Interest
1. A man borrowed ` 40000 at 8% simple interest per year. 9. An amount of ` x at compound interest at 20% per
At the end of second year, he paid back certain amount annum for 3 years becomes y. What is y : x ?[2008-I]
and at the end of fifth year, he paid back ` 35960 and (a) 3 : 1 (b) 36 : 25
cleared the debt. What is the amount did he pay back (c) 216 : 125 (d) 125 : 216
after the second year? [2007-I] 10. At what rate per cent per annum simple interest, will a
(a) ` 16200 (b) ` 17400 sum of money triple itself in 25 years ? [2008-II]
(c) ` 18600 (d) None of these (a) 8% (b) 9% (c) 10% (d) 12%
1 11. The compound interest on a sum for 2 years is ` 832 and
2. A sum of ` 24000 is borrowed for 1 years at the rate the simple interest on the same sum at the same rate for
2 the same period is ` 800. What is the rate of interest?
of interest 10% per annum compound semi-annually. [2009-I]
What is the compound interest (x) ? [2007-I] (a) 6% (b) 8% (c) 10% (d) 12%
(a) x < ` 3000 (b) ` 3000 < x < ` 4000 12. If the rate of interest is 10% per annum and is compound
(c) ` 4000 < x < ` 5000 (d) x > ` 5000 half-yearly, then the principle of ` 400 in 3/2 years will
3. An amount at compound interest doubles itself in 4 amount to [2009-II]
years. In how many years will it become 8 times of itself? (a) ` 463.00 (b) ` 463.05
[2007-I] (c) ` 463.15 (d) ` 463.20
(a) 8 years (b) 12 years 13. A person borrowed ` 7500 at 16% compound interest.
(c) 16 years (d) 24 years How much does he have to pay at the end of 2 years
4. At what rate per cent annum calculated in simple interest to clear the loan ? [2009-II]
will a sum of money double in 10 years ? [2007-I] (a) ` 9900 (b) ` 10092
(a) 10% (b) 2% (c) 12.5% (d) 13.5% (c) ` 11000 (d) ` 11052
5. A man invested ` 1000 on a simple interest at a certain 14. The simple interest on a certain sum of money for 3
rate and ` 1500 at 2% higher rate. The total interest in years at 8% per annum is half the compound interest on
three years is ` 390. What is the rate of interest for ` ` 4000 for 2 years at 10% per annum. What is the sum
1000? [2007-II] placed on simple interest? [2010-I]
(a) 4% (b) 5% (c) 6% (d) 8% (a) ` 1550 (b) ` 1650
6. If P is principal amount and the rate of interest is R% per (c) ` 1750 (d) ` 2000
annum and the compound interest is calculated k times in 15. A person invested some amount at the rate of 12%
a year, then what is the amount at the end of n years ? simple interest and the remaining at 10%. He received
[2007-II] yearly an interest of ` 130. Had he interchanged the
nk nk amounts invested, he would have received an interest of
æ r ö æ kr ö ` 134. How much money did he invest at different rates?
(a) P ç1 + ÷ (b) P ç1 + ÷
è 100k ø è 100 ø [2010-I]
(a) ` 500 at the rate of 10%, ` 800 at the rate of 12%
n n (b) ` 700 at the rate of 10%, ` 600 at the rate of 12%
(d) P æç1 +
kr ö k
(c) P æç1 + kr ö÷ k ÷
(c) ` 800 at the rate of 10%, ` 400 at the rate of 12%
è 100 ø è 100 kø (d) ` 700 at the rate of 10%, ` 500 at the rate of 12%
7. Ram had ` 2 lakh, part of which he lent at 15% per 16. A sum of money lent on simple interest triples itself in
annum and rest at 12% per annum. Yearly interest 15 years and 6 months. In how many year still it be
accured was ` 27600. How much did he lent at 15%? doubled? [2010-II]
[2008-I] (a) 5 years and 3 months (b) 7 years and 9 months
(a) ` 120000 (b) ` 100000 (c) 8 years and 3 months (d) 9 years and 6 months
(c) ` 80000 (d) ` 60000 17. What is the least number of years in which a sum of
8. Out of a sum of ` 640, a part was lent at 6% simple money at 20% compound interest will be more than
interest and the other at 9% simple interest. If the interest doubled ? [2011-I]
on the first part after 3 years equal to the interest on the (a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 4
second part after 6 years, then what is the second part ? 18. A sum of money on compound interest amount to ` 9680
[2008-I] in 2 years and to ` 10648 in 3 years. What is the rate
(a) ` 120 (b) ` 140 of interest per annum ? [2011-I]
(c) ` 160 (d) ` 180 (a) 5% (b) 10%
(c) 15% (d) 20%
Simple and Compound Interest M-81

19. The sum which amounts to ` 364.80 in 8 years at 3.5% 31. A sum of `10,000. is deposited for 1 year at the rate of
simple interest per annum is [2011-II] interest 10% compounded half yearly. What will be the
(a) ` 285 (b) ` 280 (c) ` 275 (d) ` 270 interest at the end of one year ? [2015-II]
20. A certain sum at simple interest amounts to ` 1350 in (a) ` 1000 (b) ` 1025 (c) `1050 (d) `1100
5 years and to ` 1620 in 8 years. What is the sum? 32. If a sum of money at a certain rate of simple interest per
[2011-II] year doubles in 5 years and at a different rate of simple
(a) ` 700 (b) ` 800 (c) ` 900 (d) ` 1000 interest per year becomes three times in 12 years, then the
21. What is the compound interest on ` 1600 at 25% per difference in the two rates of Simple interest per year is
annum of 2 years compounded annually? [2012-I] [2016-I]
(a) ` 700 (b) ` 750 (c) ` 800 (d) ` 900 1 1
22. A sum of money becomes 3 times in 5 years. In how (a) 2% (b) 3% (c) 3 % (d) 4 %
3 3
many years will the same sum become 6 times at the 33. A sum of ` 8,400 was taken as a loan. This is to be paid in
same rate of simple interest ? [2012-II] two equal instalments. If the rate of interest is 10% per
(a) 15 years (b) 12.5 years annum, compounded annually, then the value of each
(c) 10 years (d) 7.5 years instalment is
23. The principal on which a simple interest of ` 55 will be (a) ` 4,200 (b) ` 4,480
2 (c) ` 4,840 (d) None of the above
obtained after 9 months at the rate of 3 % per annum is
3 34. The difference between the simple and the compound
[2013-I] interest on a certain sum of money at 4% per annum in 2
(a) ` 1000 (b) ` 1500 (c) ` 2000 (d) ` 2500 years is ` 10. What is the sum ?
24. When an article is sold at 20% discount, the selling (a) ` 5,000 (b) ` 6,000
price is `24. What will be the selling price when the (c) ` 6,250 (d) ` 7,500
discount is 30% ? [2014-II] 35. The difference between the compound interest
(compounded annually) and simple interest on a sum of
(a) ` 25 (b) ` 23 (a) ` 21 (d) ` 20
money deposited for 2 years at 5% per annum is ` 15.
25. The difference between compound interest and simple
What is the sum of money deposited?
interest for 2 yr at the rate of 10% over principal amount
(a) ` 6,000 (b) ` 4,800 (c) ` 3,600 (d) ` 2,400
of ` X is `10. What is the value of X ? [2014-II]
36. A person borrowed `5,000 at 5% rate of interest per annum
(a) ` 100 (b) ` 1000 (c) ` 500 (d) ` 5000 and immediately lent it at 5.5%. After two years he collected
26. A sum of money becomes 3 times in 5 yr at simple the amount and settled his loan. What is the amount gained
interest. In how many years, will the same sum become by him in this transaction? [2018-I]
6 times at the same rate of simple interest ? [2014-II] (a) `25 (b) `50 (c) `100 (d) `200
(a) 10 yr (b) 12 yr (c) 12.5 yr (d) 10.5 yr 37. A merchant commences with a certain capital and gains
27. The difference between compound interest and simple annually at the rate of 25%. At the end of 3 years he has
interest at the same rate of interest R per cent per `10,000. What is the original amount that the merchant
annum on ` 15,000 for 2 years is ` 96.What is the value invested? [2018-I]
of R? [2015-I] (a) ` 5,120 (b) ` 5,210 (c) ` 5,350 (d) ` 5,500
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 38. The annual income of a person decreases by `64 if the
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient data annual rate of interest decreases from 4% to 3.75%. What
28. There is 60% increase in an amount in 6 years at simple is his original annual income? [2018-I]
interest. What will be the compound interest on ` (a) ` 24,000 (b) ` 24,000 (c) ` 25,600 (d) ` 24,600
12,000 after 3 years at the same rate of interest? 39. What is the principal amount which earns ‘ 210 as
[2015-I] compound interest for the second year at 5% per annum?
(a) ` 2,160 (b) ` 3,120 [2018-II]
(c) ` 3,972 (d) ` 6,240 (a) ` 2000 (b) ` 3200 (c) ` 4000 (d) ` 4800
29. In how much time would the simple interest on a 40. Two equal amounts were borrowed at 5% and 4% simple
principal amount be 0.125 time the principal amount at interest. The total interest after 4 years amounted to `405.
10% per annum? [2015-I] What was the total amount borrowed? [2018-II]
1 3 (a) `1075 (b) ` 1100 (c) `1125 (d) `1150
(a) 1 years (b) 1 years 41. What is the least number of complete years in which a
4 4
sum of money put out at 40% annual compound interest
1 3 will be more than trebled ? [2019-I]
(c) 2 years (d) 2 years
4 4 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
30. An automobile financer claims to be lending money at 42. A person divided a sum of ` 17, 200 into three parts and
simple interest, but he includes the interest every six invested at 5%, 6% and 9% per annum simple interest. At
months for calculating the principal. If he is charging an the end of two years, he got the same interest on each
interest at the rate of 10%, the effective rate of interest part of money. What is the money invested at 9% ?
becomes [2015-I] [2019-I]
(a) 10.25% (b) 10.5% (c) 10.75% (d) 11% (a) ` 3, 200 (b) ` 4, 000 (c) ` 4, 800 (d) ` 5, 000
 EBD_7336
M-82 Simple and Compound Interest

43. The rate of interest on two different schemes is the same 44. A lent `25000 to B and at the same time lent some amount
and it is 20%. But in one of the schemes, the interest is to C at same 7% simple interest. After 4 years A received
compounded half yearly and in the other the interest is `11200 as interest from B and C. How much did A lend to
compounded annually. Equal amounts are invested in the C? [2019-II]
schemes. If the difference of the returns after 2 years is (a) ` 20000 (b) ` 25000 (c) ` 15000 (d) ` 10000
`482, then what is the principal amount in each scheme ? 45. A sum was put at simple interest at certain rate for
[2019-II] 2 years. Had it been put at 1% higher rate of interest, it
(a) `10,000 (b) `16,000 would have fetched `24 more. What is the sum? [2020-I]
(c) `20,000 (d) `24,000 (a) `500 (b) `600 (c) `800 (d) `1200

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Total borrowed money = ` 40000 3. (b) Let sum of money be P and required time be t years.
Rate of interest = 8% 4
æ R ö
40000 ´ 8 ´ 2 2P = P ç1 + ÷
The interest for 2 years = = ` 6400 è 100 ø
100
Let he paid ` x at the end of second year. 4
æ R ö
Interest will be calculated on ` (40000 – x + 6400). Þ 2 = ç1 + ÷
è 100 ø
(46400 - x ) ´ 3 ´ 8
Interest for 3 years = R
100 Þ 21/4 = 1 + ...(i)
100
6
=` (46400 - x) Again, sum of money become 8 times.
25 T
6 æ R ö
(46400 - x) + 46400 - x = 35960 Then, 8P = P ç 1 + ÷
\ è 100 ø
25
6x T
Þ 11136 – + 46400 – x = 35960 æ R ö
25 Þ 8 = ç1 + ÷ ...(ii)
è 100 ø
31x
Þ = 21576 æ R ö
25 On putting the value of ç 1 + ÷ in eq. (ii),
è 100 ø
21576 ´ 25
\ x= = ` 17400 Þ 8 = (21/4)T [from Eq. (i)]
31
Þ 8 = 2T/4 Þ 23 = 2T/4
3 On comparing, we get
2. (b) Given, P = ` 24000, T = years and R% = 10%
2
per annum T
3= Þ T = 12 years
Semi-annual compounding, 4
4. (a) Let principal be x, then amount = 2x
ìï æ R ö
2T üï
CI = í P ç1 + \ SI = A – P = 2x – x = x
÷ - Pý
ïî è 200 ø ïþ P´ R´T
Q SI =
100
ì 2´
3 ü
ïæ 10 ö 2 ï
= 24000 íç1 + ÷ - 1ý x ´ R ´ 10
ïè 200 ø ï Þ x=
î þ 100
\ R = 10%
ìïæ 21 ö3 üï ì 9261 ü 5. (a) Let a man invest ` 1000 at a rate R%
= 24000 íç ÷ - 1ý = 24000 í - 1ý
20 î 8000 þ According to question,
ïîè ø ïþ
1000 ´ R ´ 3 1500 ´ ( R + 2) ´ 3
+ = 390
100 100
ì 1261 ü
= 24000 í ý = 3 × 1261 = ` 3783 Þ 30R + 45R + 90 = 390
î 8000 þ
Þ 75R = 300
But CI = x
\ ` 3000 < x < ` 4000 Þ R = 4%
Simple and Compound Interest M-83

6. (a) Given, principal amount = ` P Using SI formula,

r P ´ R ´T
Rate of interest, r = % SI =
k 100
Time, t = nk
P´R´2 40000
æ r ö
nk Þ 800 = Þ P= ...(ii)
\ A = P ç1 + 100 R
÷
è 100k ø Now putting the value of P in Eq. (i) then,
7. (a) Let first part be ` x, then second part be ` (200000 – x)
According to question, 40000 æ R 2 2R ö
832 = ç + ÷
x ´1´15 (200000 - x) ´1´12 R çè 10000 100 ÷ø
+ = 27600
100 100 Þ 832 = 4R + 800 Þ 4R = 32
Þ 15x – 12x + 2400000 = 2760000
Þ 3x = 2760000 – 2400000 32
\ R= = 8%
Þ 3x = 360000 4
\ x = 120000 3
Therefore he lented ` 120000 at 15%. 12. (b) Given R = 10%, P = ` 400 and T = years
8. (c) Let first part be ` x, then second part ` (640 – x) 2
According to question, Compounding is half-yearly, then,
x ´ 3´ 6 (640 - x) ´ 6 ´ 9 3
= T= × 2 = 3 years
100 100 2
Þ x = 1920 – 3x 10
Þ 4x = 1920 P= = 5%
Þ x = ` 480 2
\ Second part = ` (640 – 480) = ` 160 T
9. (c) Given, P = ` x, R = 20%, T = 3 years, A = ` y æ R ö
Amount, A = P ç1 + ÷
T è 100 ø
æ R ö
Q A = P ç1 + ÷ 3
è 100 ø æ 5 ö
A = 400 ç 1 + ÷
3 è 100 ø
æ 20 ö
Þ y = x ç1 + ÷
è 100 ø 21 21 21
= 400 × ´ ´ = ` 463.05
3 20 20 20
æ6ö 13. (b) Note: By Tricky Formula,
Þ y = xç ÷
è5ø Equivalent rate of interest.
y 216 R1R2 16 ´16
Þ = R1 + R2 + = 16 + 16 +
x 125 100 100
y : x = 216 : 125 = 34.56%
10. (a) Let principal amount = P
As amount = 3P, T = 25 years 7500 ´ 34.56
Interest = = 2592
\ SI = 3P – P = 2P 100
100 ´ SI 100 ´ 2 P Total amount = 7500 + 2592 = ` 10092
Q Rate = = = 8% 14. (c) Let the principal amount be ` P.
P ´T P ´ 25
11. (b) Given CI = ` 832, SI = ` 800 and T = 2 years 1
Given, SI = CI
From formula, 2
ìïæ R ö
T üï P ´8´3 1é æ 10 ö
2 ù
CI = P íç 1 + ÷ - 1ý Þ = ê 4000 ç1 + ÷ - 4000 ú
100 ø
îïè ïþ 100 2ê
ë è 100 ø úû
ìïæ R ö
2 üï 24P 1é 121 ù
\ 832 = P íç1 + ÷ - 1ý Þ = ê 4000 ´ - 4000 ú
100 ø 100 2ë 100 û
îïè þï
1
ìï
Þ 832 = P í1 +
R2 2 R üï = [ 4840 - 4000]
+ - 1ý 2
îï 10000 100 þï 24 P 420 ´ 100
Þ = 420 Þ P =
ìï R 2 2 R üï 100 24
Þ 832 = P í + ý ...(i) Þ P = ` 1750
ïî10000 100 ïþ
 EBD_7336
M-84 Simple and Compound Interest

15. (d) Let the person invest ` x and y at two different

æ 10648 ö
rates 12% and 10% respectively. Þ R= ç - 1÷ ´ 100
è 9680 ø
\ x ´12 ´ 1 y ´10 ´ 1
+ = 130 968
100 100 \ R= ´100 = 10%
9680
æ P ´ R ´T ö
çQ SI = ÷ 19. (a) Given that, T = 8 years, R = 3.5% and A = ` 364.80
è 100 ø Let the sum = ` P
Þ 12x + 10y = 13000 ...(i)
æ RT ö
After inter changing invested amount. \ A = P ç1 + ÷
è 100 ø
y ´ 12 ´1 x ´10 ´1
+ = 134
100 100 æ 8 ö
Þ 364.80 = P ç1 + 3.5 ´
Þ 12y + 10x = 13400 ...(ii) è 100 ÷ø
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
æ 35 ´ 8 ö
x = ` 500 and y = ` 700 Þ 364.80 = P ç1 + ÷
16. (b) Let initial sum of money be ` P, then A = ` 3P è 1000 ø
31 3648 æ 128 ö
T = 15 years and 6 months = years Þ = Pç ÷
2 10 è 100 ø
\ SI = A – P = ` 2P 36480
\ P= = ` 285
31 R 2 ´ 2 ´100 128
Þ P× ´ = 2P Þ R =
2 100 31 20. (c) Given, A1 = ` 1350, A2 = ` 1620
Let the sum of money doubled in T1 years. T1 = 5 years and T2 = 8 years
So, SI = 2P – P = ` P Let principal amount be ` x.
For 5 years:
SI ´100 P ´100 ´ 31
\ T1 = Þ T1 = x´5´r
P´R P ´ 400 1350 – x = ...... (i)
100
31
= = 7 years and 9 months. For 8 years:
4
17. (d) Let the sum of money = ` P x ´8´ r
1620 – x = ...... (ii)
\ Amount = 2P 100
T T Now, divide equation (ii) by equation (i),
æ R ö æ 20 ö
Þ A = P ç1 + ÷ Þ 2 P = P ç1 + ÷ 1620 - x 8
è 100 ø è 100 ø Þ =
1350 - x 5
T T Both sides subtracted (i), we get
2P æ6ö æ6ö
Þ = ç ÷ Þ 2=ç ÷
P è5ø è5ø Þ
270 3
=
Putting T = 4, we get 1350 - x 5
4 Þ x = ` 900
æ6ö 1296 21. (d) Given, P = ` 1600, R = 25% and n = 2 yr
ç5÷ = = 2 (approx.)
è ø 625 n 2
A = P éê1 +
\ Least number of years = 4 r ù é 25 ù
\ ú = 1600 ê1 + úû
18. (b) Let the rate of interest per annum be R% and ë 100 û ë 100
principal amount be ` P, then
5 5
Amount in 2 years, = 1600 ´ ´ = 2500
4 4
2
æ R ö \ Compound interest = 2500 – 1600 = ` 900.
P ç1 + ÷ = 9680 ...(i)
è 100 ø P ´ R ´T
22. (b) Using the formula, SI =
Amount in 3 years, 100
3 P ´ R ´5
æ R ö
Þ 2P =
P ç1 + ÷ = 10648 ...(ii)
è 100 ø 100
On dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), Þ r = 40%
Let required time be t1 years and rate of interest is
R 10648 same.
Then, 1 + =
100 9680
Simple and Compound Interest M-85

P ´ R ´ T1 Required amount = 6x
5P = SI = 6x – x = 5x
100
100 ´ SI 100 ´ 5 x
500 500 \ Requierd time = = = 12.5 yr
Þ T1 = = = 12.5 years P´ R x ´ 40
R 40
23. (c) Let P be the principal amount. p´r
27. (a) Difference = (Q R rate of diff between CI and SI)
9 100
Then, SI = ` 55, time (T) = 9 months = years
12 15000 ´ R
Þ 96 =
2 11 100
Rate (R) = 3 % = % per annum
3 3 96
R= = .64
150
P ´ R ´T
By formula, SI = By option (a)
100 Rate of Interest for 2 year (compounded)
SI ´100 55 ´100 ´ 3 ´ 12 8´8
Þ P= = =8+8+ = 16.64
R ´T 11 ´ 9 100
= 5 × 100 × 4 = 2000 Rate of Interest for SI for two year = 2 × 8 = 16
\ Principal (P) = ` 2000 Diff = 16.64 – 16 = .64
24. (c) Let CP of article be ` x 28. (c) For simple Interest
60% increase in amount so, that
80
So. SP = x ´ = 24 P RT
100 Þ SI =
100
x = ` 30
When given 30% discount 60 p P ´ R ´ 6
Þ =
70 100 100
SP = 30 ´ = `21 R = 10%
100
Now, for compound interest
25. (b) Rate of interest from CI
t
æ r ö
xy A = P ç1 + ÷
= x+y+ è 100 ø
100
3
10 ´ 10 æ 10 ö 1331
= 10 + 10 + = 21% = 12000 ç1 + ÷ = 12000 ´ 1000
100 è 100 ø
Rate of interest for SI = 2 × 10 = 20% = 12 × 1331 = 15972
Difference between rate of interest = 21–20 = 1% Compound Interest = 15972 – 12000
= ` 3972
p ´ 1% 29. (a) Let Principal = P
Diff =
100 \ Interest = .125 × P
p ´ 1% 125 P P
Þ 10 = = =
100 1000 8
p = x = 1000 P ´ R ´T
26. (c) Let principal amount P be ` x. Now, SI =
100
Amount, A = ` 3x
Time, T = 5 yr
P P ´10 ´ T
Þ =
\ SI = 3x – x = 2x 8 100
Suppose rate of interest be R. 5 1
T= = 1 years
PRT 4 4
By formula, SI =
100 10
30. (a) Interest is calculating on every six month r = = 5%
x´ R´5 2
\ 2x = So effective rate of interest
100
r1 r2
2 x ´ 100 = r1 + r2 +
Þ 2x × 100 = 5Rx Þ R= 100
5x
5´5
\ R = 40% = 5+5+ = 10.25%
100
 EBD_7336
M-86 Simple and Compound Interest

10 34. (c) Using formula when time (t) is 2 year

31. (b) Rate = = 5% 2
2 é R ù
Time = 1 × 2 = 2 years D= Pê ú
ë100 û
æ n
r ö÷
A = P ççç1 ∗ ÷÷ æ 4 ö
2
è 100 ø 10 = P ç ÷
è 100 ø
æ 2
5 ö÷
A = 10000 ççç1 ∗ ÷÷ 10 ´100 ´100
è 100 ø =P
16
21 21 P = 6250
= 10000 × ´
20 20 35. (a) The difference between the compound interest (com-
= 441 × 25 = 11025 pounded annually) and simple interest on a sum of
Interest = 11025 – 10000 2
money deposited for 2 years at R% p.a. is P æç
= ` 1025 R ö
.
So, option (b) is correct è 100 ÷ø
32. (c) Let Ist P = ` x
2 2 2
Ist Amount = ` 2x æ R ö æ 5 ö æ 1ö
Pç = 15 Þ P ç = 15 Þ P ç ÷
Ist S.I. = A – P = 2x – x = ` x è 100 ÷ø è 100 ÷ø è 20 ø
T = 5 years
S.I. ´ 100 x ´ 100 P
R= = = 20% = 15 Þ = 15 Þ P = 6000
P´T x ´5 400
Let 2nd P = ` x 36. (b) Total interest collected by person
2nd Amount = ` 3x 5000 ´ 2 ´ 5.5
2nd S.I. = A – P = 3x – x = ` 2x = = 550
100
T = 12 years
Total interest given by person
S.I ´ 100 2x ´ 100 50
R= = = 5000 ´ 2 ´ 5
P´T x ´ 12 3 = = 500
Difference between two rates 100
Profit = 550 – 500 = 50
50 10 1
= 20 - = =3 % 37. (a) Let original amount be x
3 3 3
3
\ Option (c) is correct. æ 25 ö
x ç1 + = 10000
33. (c) P = ` 8400 R = 10% n=2 è 100 ÷ø
Let installment = x
3
x x æ 5ö
P= + x ç ÷ = 10000
1 2 è 4ø
æ R ö æ R ö
ç1 + ÷ ç1 + ÷
è 100 ø è 100 ø 125 10000 ´ 64
x´ = 10000 \ x= = 5120
x x 64 125
8400 = + 2 38. (c) Let original amount be x
æ 10 ö æ 10 ö
çè1 + ÷ø ç 1 + Annual income at 4% rate of interest
100 è 100 ÷ø
x ´ 4 ´1 x
=
x x 100 25
8400 = +
æ 110 ö æ 110 ö 2 Annual income at 3.75% rate of interest
çè ÷
100 ø çè 100 ÷ø x ´ 3.75 ´ 1 3x
= =
100 80
é10 æ 10 ö2 ù
According to the question
8400 = x êê 11 + çè 11 ÷ø úú
ë û x 3x
- = 64
é110 + 100 ù 25 80
8400 = x ê ú
ë 121 û 16x - 15x
= 64
8400 ´ 121 400
x= = 40 × 121 = ` 4840 \ x = 64 × 400 = 25600
210
Simple and Compound Interest M-87

5 1 42. (b) Let sum invested 5% be P1, 6% be P2 then 9%

39. (c) Rate% = 5% = = = 17200 (P1 + P2)
100 20
Let principal = (20)2 = 400 So according to question
P1 × 5 × 2/100 = P2 × 6 ×2/100 or P1 = (6/5) P2
400 1
1 Also P2× 6 × 2/100 = [17200 – (P1 + P2)] × 9 × 2/100
20 20
or 2 P2 = [17200 – (11/5)P2] × 3
20 or (2 + 33/5) P2 = 17200 × 3
20
1 1 P2 = 17200 × 3 × 5 / 43 = 6000
20 20 So P1 = 6/5 P2 = 7200
1 So Sum invested at 9% = 17200 – (6000 + 7200)
Second year’s compound interest = 21 unit = `4000
According to question, second year’s compound 43. (c) If `1 is the principal then difference in amount
interest = `210 = (1.1)4 – (1.2)2 = 1.4641 – 1.44 = 0.0241
1 unit = `10 Þ Principal = 400 unit = `4000
482
40. (c) Let total amount borrowed = ` x \ p= < 2´10 4 < ` 20, 000
Then, ATQ, 0.0241

x ´4´5 x ´4´ 4 25000 ´ 4 ´ 7

+ = 405 44. (c) Interest from B ® = 7000
100 100 100
Total interest ® 11200
36x
= 405 Interest received from c ® 11200 – 7000 = 4200
100
4200 ´ 100
405 ´100 Then money lent to c = = 15000
\ Total amount = ` x = =` 1125 7´4
36
41. (b) A = P (1 + R/100)^t 24
45. (d) 1% = = ` 12
3P < P (1 + 40/100)^t 2
3 < (1.4)^t \ Principle = `1200
When t = 3; 1.4^3 = 2.744
And when t = 4; 1.4^4 = 3.8416
T=4
 EBD_7336
M-88 Profit and Loss

CHAPTER

9 Profit and Loss

1. A trader marked a watch 40% above the cost price and 11. A trader sells two cycles at ` 1188 each and gains 10%
then gave a discount of 10%. He made a net profit of on the first and loses 10% on the second. What is the
` 468 after paying a tax of 10% on the gross profit. What profit or loss per cent on the whole? [2009-II]
is the cost price of the watch? [2007-I] (a) 1% loss (b) 1% gain
(a) ` 1200 (b) ` 1800 (c) ` 2000 (d) ` 2340 (c) No loss no gain (d) 2% loss
2. By giving 25% discount a trader earns 25% profit. If he 12. A milk vendor bought 28 l of milk at the cost of ` 8.50 per
sells the item at 10% discount, what is his profit? l. After adding some water, he sold the mixture at the
[2007-I] same price. If he gains 12.5%, how much water did he
(a) 10% (b) 40% (c) 45% (d) 50% add? [2009-II]
3. A man buys 4 tables and 5 chairs for ` 1000. If he sells (a) 5.5 l (b) 4.5 l (c) 3.5 l (d) 2.5 l
the tables at 10% profit and chairs 20% profit, he earns 13. One saree was purchased for ` 564 after getting a
a profit of ` 120. What is the cost of one table? discount of 6% and another saree was purchased for
[2007-II] ` 396 after getting a discount of 1%. Taking both the
(a) ` 200 (b) ` 220 (c) ` 240 (d) ` 260 items as a single transaction, what is the percentage of
4. In respect of a bill of ` 10000, what is the difference discount? [2010-I]
between a discount of 40% and two successive (a) 3.5 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 7.5
discounts of 36% and 4%? [2007-II] 14. A man bought a number of oranges at 3 for a rupee and
(a) ` 0 (b) ` 144 (c) ` 256 (d) ` 400 an equal number at 2 for a rupee. At what price per
5. A refrigerator and a camera were sold for ` 12000 each. dozen should he sell them to make a profit of 20%?
The refrigerator was sold at a loss of 20% of the cost [2010-I]
and the camera at a gain of 20% of the cost. The entire (a) ` 4 (b) ` 5 (c) ` 6 (d) ` 7
transaction results in which one of the following? 15. By selling 8 dozen pencils, a shopkeeper gains the
[2008-I] selling price of 1 dozen pencils. What is the gain?
(a) No loss or gain (b) Loss of ` 1000 [2010-II]
(c) Gain of ` 1000 (d) Loss of ` 2000
1 1 2 1
1 1 (a) 12 % (b) 13 % (c) 14 % (d) 87 %
6. Successive discounts of 12 % and 7 % are given 2 7 7 2
2 2
on the marked price of a cupboard. If the customer pays 16. On selling an article for ` 240, a trader loses 4%. In order
` 2590, then what is the marked price? [2008-I] to gain 10%, he must sell the article for [2010-II]
(a) ` 3108 (b) ` 3148 (c) ` 3200 (d) ` 3600 (a) ` 275 (b) ` 280 (c) ` 285 (d) ` 300
7. The marked price of a machine is ` 18000. By selling it 17. A trader marks 10% higher than the cost price. He gives a
at a discount of 20%, the loss is 4%. What is the cost discount of 10% on the marked price. In this kind of sales
price of the machine? [2008-II] how much per cent does the trader gain or loss? [2011-I]
(a) ` 10000 (b) ` 12000 (c) ` 14000(d) ` 15000 (a) 5% gain (b) 2% gain
8. A dishonest dealer professes to sell his good at cost (c) 1% loss (d) 3% loss
price but uses a false weight and thus gains 20%. For 18. A fruit-seller buys lemons at 2 for a rupee and sells them
a kilogram he uses a weight of [2009-I] at 5 for three rupees. What is his gain per cent?
(a) 700 g (b) 750 g (c) 800 g (d) 850 g [2011-II]
9. What the seller marked the printed price of a watch (a) 10% (b) 15% (c) 20% (d) 25%
purchased at ` 380, so that giving 5% discount, there 19. A man sold two watches, each for ` 495. If he gained
is 25% profit? [2009-I] 10% on one watch and suffered a loss of 10% on the
(a) ` 400 (b) ` 450 (c) ` 500 (d) ` 600 other, then what is the loss or gain percentage in the
transaction? [2011-II]
10. A person A sells a table costing ` 2000 to a person B
and earns a profit of 6%. The person B sells it to another (a) 1% gain (b) 1% loss
person C at a loss of 5%. At what price did B sell the 100
(c) % loss (d) No gain no loss
table? [2009-I] 99
(a) ` 2054 (b) ` 2050 (c) ` 2024 (d) ` 2014
Profit and Loss M-89

20. A person sold an article for ` 136 and got 15% loss. Had 31. A cloth merchant buys cloth from a weaver and cheats
he sold it for ` x, he would have got a profit of 15%. him by using a scale which is 10 cm longer than a normal
Which one of the following is correct? [2012-I] metre scale. He claims to sell cloth at the cost price to his
(a) 190 < x < 200 (b) 180 < x < 190 customers, but while selling uses a scale which is 10 cm
(c) 170 < x < 180 (d) 160 < x < 170 shorter than a normal metre scale. What is his gains?
21. The cost of two articles are in the ratio 3 : 5. If there is 30% [2016-I]
loss on the first article and 20% gain on the second article, 2 1
what is overall percentage of loss or gain? [2012-I] (a) 20% (b) 21% (c) 22 % (d) 23 %
9 3
(a) 2.25% gain (b) 5.25% loss
32. The cost of 2.5 kg rice is `125. The cost of 9 kg rice is equal
(c) 2% loss (d) None of these
to that of 4 kg pulses. The cost of 14 kg pulses is equal to
22. A person bought 8 quintal of rice for certain rupees. After
that of 1.5 kg tea. The cost of 2 kg tea is equal to that of 5 kg
a week, he sold 3 quintal of rice at 10% profit, 3 quintal
nuts. What is the cost of 11 kg nuts ? [2016-II]
of rice with neither profit nor loss and 2 quintal at 5%
loss. In this transaction, what is the profit? [2012-I] (a) `2310 (b) `3190 (c) `4070 (d) `4620
(a) 10% (b) 20% 33. A shopkeeper increases the cost price of an item by 20%
and offers a discount of 10% on this marked price. What is
(c) 25% (d) None of these
his percentage gain ? [2016-II]
23. A man buys a television set which lists for ` 5000 at
10% discount. He gets an additional 2% discount (after (a) 15% (b) 12% (c) 10% (d) 8%
the first discount) for paying cash. What does he 34. Rajendra bought a mobile with 25% discount on the selling
actually pay for the set? [2012-II] price. If the mobile cost him ` 4,875, what is the original
(a) ` 4410 (b) ` 4400 (c) ` 4000 (d) ` 4500 selling price of the mobile? [2017-I]
24. A merchant earns a profit of 20% by selling a basket (a) ` 6,300 (b) ` 6,400 (c) ` 6,500 (d) ` 6,600
containing 80 apples which cost is ` 240 but he gives 35. Sudhir purchased a chair with three consecutive discounts
one-fourth of it to his friend at cost price and sells the of 20%, 12.5% and 5%. The actual deduction will be
remaining apples. In order to earn the same profit, at [2017-II]
what price must he sell each apple? [2012-II] (a) 33.5% (b) 30% (c) 32% (d) 35%
(a) ` 3.00 (b) ` 3.60 (c) ` 3.80 (d) ` 4.80 36. Ram buys 4 chairs and 9 stools for ` 1,340. If he sells
25. A cloth store is offering buy 3, get 1 free. What is the chairs at 10% profit and stools at 20% profit, he earns a
net percentage discount being offered by the store? total profit of ` 188. How much money did he have to pay
[2012-II] for the chairs? [2017-II]
1 (a) ` 200 (b) ` 400 (c) ` 800 (d) ` 1,600
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 30% (d) 33 % 37. An article is sold at a profit at 32%. If the cost price is
3
26. Two lots of onions with equal quantity, one costing ` increased by 20% and the sale price remains the same,
10 per kg and the other costing `15 per kg, are mixed then the profit percentage becomes [2018-I]
together and whole lot is sold at ` 15 per kg. What is (a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 15% (d) 20%
the profit or loss? [2013-II] 38. A milk vendor bought 28 litres of milk at the rate of ‘ 8.50 per
(a) 10% loss (b) 10% profit litre. After adding some water he sold the mixture at the
(c) 20% profit (d) 20% loss same price. If his gain is 12.5%, how much water did he add?
27. A person selling an article for ` 96 finds that his loss [2018-II]
per cent is one — fourth of the amount of rupees that (a) 4.5 litres (b) 4 litres
he paid for the article. What can be the cost price? (c) 3.5 litres (d) 3 litres
[2014-II] 39. If an article is sold at a gain of 6% instead of a loss of 6%,
(a) Only `160 (b) Only ` 240 the seller gets ` 6 more. What is the cost price of the
(c) Either ` 160 or ` 240 (d) Neither ` 160 nor ` 240 article? [2019-I]
28. A shopkeeper sells his articles at their cost price but (a) ` 18 (b) ` 36 (c) ` 42 (d) ` 50
uses a faulty balance which reads 1000g for 800g. 40. A person sells two items each at ` 990, one at a profit of
What is his actual profit percentage ? [2014-II] 10% and another at a loss of 10%. What is the combined
(a) 25% (b) 20% (c) 40% (d) 30% percentage of profit or loss for the two items ? [2019-II]
(a) 1% loss (b) 1% profit
29. A man buys 200 oranges for ` 1000. How many oranges
(c) No profit no loss (d) 0.5% profit
for ` 100 can be sold, so that his profit percentage is
41. A trader sells two computers at the same price, making a
25%? [2014-II] profit of 30% on one and a loss of 30% on the other. What
(a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 20 is the net loss or profit percentage on the transaction ?
30. The value of a single discount on some amount which is [2019-II]
equivalent to a series of discounts of 10%, 20% and 40% (a) 6% loss (b) 6% gain (c) 9% loss (d) 9% gain
on the same amount, is equal to [2015-II]
(a) 43.2% (b) 50% (c) 56.8% (d) 70%
 EBD_7336
M-90 Profit and Loss

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let the cost price of the watch = ` x \ Difference between discounts
After 40% marked price and 10% discount = 40% – 38.56% = 1.44%
90 140 126x \ Required difference = 10000 × 1.44%
=x× ´ = 10000 ´ 1.44
100 100 100 = = ` 144
100
126x 26x
Profit = -x = xy
100 100 5. (b) x + y +
According to question, 100
10% pay tax on profit 20 ´ 20
= +20 – 20 – = –4%
26x 90 100
= ´ = 468 Total selling price of a refrigerator and a camera
100 100 = 12000 + 12000 = ` 24000
468 ´ 100 ´ 100 Now, loss is 4%
x= 26 ´ 90 = ` 2000 96
CP × = 24000
2. (d) Let cost price = ` x, 100
CP = ` 25000
Marked price = ` y Loss amount = (25000 – 24000) = ` 1000
and profit % at 10% discount = r % 6. (c) Let the marked price of a cupboard = ` x
75 y 125 x According to question,
\ = Þ 3 y = 5x ...(i)
100 100 (100 - 12.5) æ 100 - 7.5 ö
\x× ´ç ÷ = ` 2590
100 è 100 ø
9 y (100 + r ) x
And = 2590 ´ 100 ´ 100
10 100
Þx= 87.5 ´ 92.5
15x (100 + r ) x
Þ = [Q3 y = 5x] x = ` 3200
10 100 7. (d) Given marked price of machine = ` 18000
100 + r 20
Þ 15 = \ Discount = × 18000 = ` 3600
10 100
Þ r = 50% \ SP = 18000 – 3600 = ` 14400
If loss of 4%, then
Note that discount is always given on marked price and
profit is always occured on cost price. 100 ´ SP 100 ´ 14400
CP = =
3. (a) Let cost of 1 table be ` x and cost of 1 chair be ` y. 100 - r 100 - 4
4x + 5y = 1000 ... (i) 100 ´ 14400
Table Chair = = ` 15000
96
CP 4x 5y
8. (c) Let SP = CP = ` x
æ 1 ö 44x æ 1ö
SP 4x ç1 + ÷ = 5y ç1 + ÷ = 6y 20 x
è 10 ø 10 è 5ø Gain percentage = x × =
Q SP – CP = Profit 100 5
æ 44x ö x
\ ç - 4x ÷ + 6y – 5y = 120 Gain weight = × 1000 = 200 g
è 10 ø 5
Uses weight = 1000 – 200 = 800 g
4x 9. (a) Let marked price be ` x.
Þ + y = 120 ... (ii)
10
95 19 x
From equations (i) and (ii), \ Discount = 5% of x = ´x=
x = ` 200 100 20
According to question,
4. (b) Two successive discounts
19 x
36 ´ 4 Þ 380 =
= 36 + 4 – = 38.56% 20
100
\ x = ` 400.
Profit and Loss M-91

10. (d) The cost price of table for person B 16. (a) Q Selling price of an article = ` 240
\ Cost price of an article for the loss of 4%
2000
= 2000 + 6 × 240 ´100
100 =`
= 2000 + 120 = ` 2120 96
\ Selling price of an article for a profit of 10%
2120 ´ 5
Selling price = 2120 – 240 ´100 110 240 ´110
100 = ´ = = ` 275
96 100 96
= 2120 – 106 = ` 2014 17. (c) Let cost price = ` x
æ xy ö x ´ 110 11x
11. (a) Profit/loss = ç x + y + ÷% Marked price =
100
=`
10
è 100 ø
Given, x = +10%, y = –10% 11x 90 99x
\ SP = ´ =
æ 10 ´ 10 ö 10 100 100
\ Profit/loss = ç 10 - 10 - ÷ % = –1%
è 100 ø 99x
-x
(– sign represent, there is a loss of 1%.) 100
\ Loss per cent = × 100 = –1%
12. (c) Total C.P. of milk = 28 × 8.50 = ` 238 x
(– sign show loss.)
Profit = 12.5% of 238
12.5 18. (c) ` 1 = 2 lemons × CP
= × 238 = 29.75
100 5
Let he added x l of water. `1 = lemons × SP
3
\ Profit = x × 8.5
5
Þ 29.75 = x × 8.5 Þ 2 × CP = × SP
\ x = 3.5 l 3
13. (b) Let marked price of two sarees be ` x and ` y Þ 6 CP = 5 SP
respectively SP 6
Þ = (Here SP > CP, then profit)
6x 94x CP 5
\ x- = 564 Þ = 564 Both sides substract 1
100 100
y SP - CP 1
=
Þ x = ` 600 and y – = 396 CP 5
100
99y 1
Þ = 396 Þ y = ` 400 Profit per cent = × 100 = 20%
100 5
\ Total M.P. amount = 600 + 400 = ` 1000 æ 10 ´ 10 ö
Total amount after discount = 564 + 396 = ` 960 19. (b) Loss/gain per cent = ç 10 - 10 - ÷ % = –1%
è 100 ø
1000 - 960 40 (- sign indicate that there is a loss of 1%)
\ Discount per cent = ´ 100 = % = 4%
1000 10 Selling price 136
20. (b) Cost Price = =
1 Loss% 15
14. (c) Cost of 1 orange of 1st variety = ` 1- 1-
3 100 100
1 136 ´100
Cost of 1 orange of 2nd variety = ` = = ` 160
2 85
5 160 ´ (100 + 15) 160 ´115
Cost of 1 orange after mixing = Selling price (x) = =
12 100 100
5 120 1 = ` 184
Profit of 20% = ´ = \ Hence, option (b) is correct because 180 < x < 190.
12 100 2
21. (d) Let the CP of two articles be 3x and 5x, respectively.
1
Selling price of 1 orange = ` 3x ´ 70 21x
2 \ SP of first article = =
100 10
1
\ Then, SP of 12 oranges = × 12 = ` 6 5x ´ 120
2 SP of second article = = 6x
15. (c) Let the cost price = ` x 100
Profit = ` x 21x 60x + 21x 81x
Cost price of 8 dozen pencil = ` 7x \ Total SP = 6x + = =
10 10 10
x 100 2 \ Total CP = 3x + 5x = 8x
Gain per cent = × 100 = = 14 %
7x 7 7
 EBD_7336
M-92 Profit and Loss

81x 81x - 80x x = 10x + 15x = 25x

\ Profit = – 8x = = Selling price of whole lot = 15 × (x + x)
10 10 10 = 15 × 2x = 30x
x
´ 100 30x - 25x
10 Profit percentage = × 100
\ Overall percentage of gain = 25x
8x
x ´ 100 5x
= = 1.25% = × 100 = 20%
10 ´ 8x 25x
27. (c) Let the cost price of an article = ` x
22. (d) Let CP of 8 quintal rice = ` x
Selling price of an article = ` 96
x According to the question,
\ CP of 1 quintal rice = `
8 x - 96 1
\ SP of rice 3 quintal of rice at 10% profit ´ 100 = ´ x Þ 400x – 96 × 400 = x2
x 4
3x 3x 1 3x 3x 33x
= + ´ = + = Þ x2 – 400x + 38400 = 0
8 8 10 8 80 80 Þ x2 – 160x – 240x + 38400 = 0
3x Þ x(x – 160x) – 240(x – 160) = 0
SP of 3 quital rice without profit or loss = ` Þ (x – 160) (x – 240) = 0
8
\ x = 160 or 240
2x 2x 5 Hence, the cost price of an article is ` 160 or ` 240.
SP of 2 quintal rice at 5% loss = - ´
8 8 100 28. (a) Actual profit percentage
x x 19x 19x Fair weight – Unfair weight
= - = = = × 100
4 4 ´ 20 4 ´ 20 80 Unfair weight
33x 3x 19x
\ Total SP = + + 1000 - 800 200
80 8 80 = ´ 100 = ´ 100 = 25%
33x + 30x + 19x 82x 800 800
= = 29. (c) Cost price of 200 oranges = `1000.
80 80
82x 1000
-x Cost price of 1 orange = = ` 5.
SP - CP 200
\ Profit = × 100 = 80 × 100
CP x 125
Selling price of 1 orange = 5 ´ = ` 6.25
(82 - 80)x 2 100
= × 100 = × 100 = 2.5%
80x 80 So, in ` 6.25, number of oranges can be sold = 1
23. (a) Actual payment for the television set In ` 100, number of oranges can be sold
= 98% of 90% of 5000 = ` 4410 1
= ´ 100 = 16
240 6.25
24. (c) Cost price of 1 apple = =`3
80 Hence, 16 oranges can be sold in ` 100 for profit 25%
1 30. (c) Discount equivalent to 10% and 20%
No. of apples give to his friend = × 80 = 20 10 ´ 20
4
= 10 + 20 – = 28%
Remaining apples = 80 – 20 = 60 100
Cost of apples to his friend = 20 × 3 = ` 60 Discount equivalent to 28% and 40%
28´ 40
120 = 28 + 40 –
Total SP at a profit of 20% = 240 × = ` 288 100
100 = 68 – 11.2 = 56.8%
SP of remaining 60 apples = ` (288 – 60) = ` 228 So, option (c) is correct.
228 31. (c) Let the actual C.P. of cloth = `1
SP of 1 apple = = ` 3.80
60 100 10
25. (b) We know that, Then the effective C.P. = =
110 11
Discount
Net percentage discount = × 100 (Since he purchases 110 articles by paying ` 100)
Cost price
100 10
1 Again S.P. = =
= × 100 = 25% 90 9
4
26. (c) Let each lot of onion contains x kg onion, then total (Since he sells only 90 articles charging the CP of
cost price of these two lots together 100 articles).
Profit and Loss M-93

10 10 Solving the equations (1) and (2) by elimination

- method, we get
S.P - C.P
\ Gain% = ´ 100 = 9 11 ´ 100 – 9y = – 540 Þ y = 60
C.P 10
11 Therefore, equation (1) gives
4 x = 1340 - 9 y Þ 4 x = 1340 - 9 ´ 60
20 11 200 2
= ´ ´ 100 = = 22 % Þ 4x = 1340 – 540 Þ 4x = 800
99 10 9 9
Thus, the money to be paid for the chairs is `800.
\ Option (c) is correct.
37. (a) Let original cost price of artical be 100
32. (d) cost of 2.5 kg rice = ` 125
Original selling price of artical
125
cost 9 kg rice = ` × 9 = cost of 4 kg pulse 32
2.5 = 100 + 100 ´ = 132
100
125 ´ 9 Now
cost of 14 kg pulses = ´ 14 = cost of 1.5 kg Tea
2.5 ´ 4 New cost price after increase
125 ´ 9 ´ 14 ´ 2 20
cost of 2 kg tea = = cost of 5 kg nuts = 100 + 100 ´ = 120
2.5 ´ 4 ´ 1.5 100
125 ´ 9 ´14 ´ 2 ´11 New selling price = 132
cost of 11 kg nuts = ` Profit = 132 – 120 = 12
2.5 ´ 4 ´ 1.5 ´ 5
125 ´ 9 ´ 14 ´ 2 ´ 11´ 100 12
Þ Þ `4620. Required % = ´ 100 = 10%
25 ´ 4 ´15 ´ 5 120
38. (c) Cost price of milk = 28 × 8.5 = `238
33. (d) Let CP = 100 Let x litre of water is added
MP = 120 So, selling price = (28 + x) × 8.5 = 238 + 8.5x
SP after giving discount = 108
Profit = S. P – C. P = (238 + 8.5x) – (238) = 8.5x
Profit = 8%
34. (c) Let SP of Mobile = x According to question: Profit% = 12.5%
discount = 25% i.e. 8.5x/238 × 100% = 12.5
75x Þ x = 12.5 × 238/8.5×100
= 4875 Þ x = 3.5 litres
100
39. (d) Let C.P be `100x
4875 ´ 100
x= = ` 6500 \ 106x – 94x = 6
75 Þ 12x = 6
35. (a) Considerthe two discounts (taking two at a time) 20%
and 12.5% 1
x=
Single equivalent discount 2
1
æ xy ö æ 20 ´ 12.5 ö \ 100x = 100 × = `50
= çè x + y - ÷ø % = çè 20 + 12.5 - ÷% 2
100 100 ø
10 ´ 10
= (32.5 – 2.5)% = 30% 40. (a) Combined % loss = % =1%(loss)
100
Considering 30% and 5% as the two discounts 41. (c) Let selling price of two computers is `100 each.
Final reduction then cost price of first computer
æ xy ö æ 30 ´ 5 ö 100
=ç x + y - ÷ % = çè 30 + 5 - ÷% = 100 ´ = 76.92
è 100 ø 100 ø (100 + 30)
= (35 – 1.5)% = 33.5% and cost price of second computer
36. (c) Let the number of chairs be x and the number of 100
= 100 ´ = 142.86
stools be y. (100 - 30)
Therefore, according to the question, total cost price = 142.86 + 76.92 = 219.78
4x + 9y = 1340 ...(1) Loss = 219.78 – 200 = 19.78
10% of 4x + 20% of 9y = 188 19.78
Loss % = ´100 » 9 % Loss
40 x 180 y 4 x 18 y 219.78
+ = 188 Þ + = 188
100 100 10 10
Þ 4x + 18y = 1880 ...(2)
 EBD_7336
M-94 Time, Speed and Distance

CHAPTER
Time, Speed and
10 Distance
1. A scooterist completes a certain journey in 10 h. He covers 10. Two men P and Q start from a place walking at 5 km/h
half the distance at 30 km/h and the rest at 70 km/h. and 6.5 km/h, respectively. What is the time they will
What is total distance of the journey ? [2007-I] take to be 92 km apart, if they walk in opposite
(a) 210 km (b) 400 km (c) 420 km (d) 500 km directions? [2009-II]
2. A train 200 m long fully passes a platform of 200 m length (a) 2 h (b) 4 h (c) 6 h (d) 8 h
in 15 s. What is the speed of the train ? [2007-II] 11. Two trains travel in the same direction at 50 km/h and
(a) 36 km/h (b) 48 km/h (c) 72 km/h (d) 96 km/h 32 km/h, respectively. A man in the slower train observes
3. A person goes from a place A to another place B at the that 15 s elapse before the faster train completely passes
speed of 4 km/h and returns at a speed of 3 km/h. If he him. What is the length of the faster train ? [2009-II]
takes 7 h in all, then what is the distance between the (a) 75 m (b) 125 m
two places ? [2007-II] 625
(a) 12 km (b) 8 km (c) 6 km (d) 5 km (c) 150 m (d) m
3
4. A bike travels a distance of 200 km at a constant speed.
12. The speed of a boat in still water is 11 km/h. It can go
If the speed of the bike is increased by 5 km/h, the
12 km upstream and return downstream to the initial
journey would have taken 2 h less. What is the speed
point in 2 h 45 min. What is the speed of stream?
of the bike ? [2008-I]
[2010-I]
(a) 30 km/h (b) 25 km/h
(a) 5 km/h (b) 4 km/h (c) 3 km/h (d) 2 km/h
(c) 20 km/h (d) 15 km/h
13. A father and his son start a point A with speeds of 12
5. A train crosses a telegraph post in 8s and a bridge 200
km/h and 18 km/h respectively and reach another point
m long in 24 s. What is the length of the train?
B. If his son starts 60 min after his father at A and reaches
[2008-II]
B, 60 min before his father, what is the distance between
(a) 100 m (b) 120 m (c) 140 m (d) 160 m
A and B ? [2010-II]
6. A train 110 m long is running with a speed of 60 km/h.
(a) 90 km (b) 72 km
What is the time in which it will pass a man who starts
(c) 36 km (d) None of these
from the engine running at the speed of 6 km/h in the
14. Two trains of lengths 100 m and 150 m are travelling in
direction opposite to that of the train ? [2008-II]
(a) 5 s (b) 6 s (c) 10 s (d) 15 s opposite directions at speeds of 75 km/h and 50 km/h,
7. A train of length 150 m takes 10 s to cross another train respectively. What is the time taken by them to cross
100 m long coming from the opposite direction. If the each other ? [2010-II]
(a) 7.4 s (b) 7.2 s (c) 7 s (d) 6.8 s
speed of first train is 30 km/h. What is the speed of
15. A motorboat takes 2 h to travel a distance of 9 km down
second train ? [2008-II]
the current and it takes 6 h to travel the same distance
(a) 72 km/h (b) 60 km/h
against the current. What is the speed of the boat in still
(c) 54 km/h (d) 48 km/h
water ? [2010-II]
8. A boy walks from his house to school at 2.5 km/h and
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1.5 (d) 1
arrives 12 min late. The next day he walks at 4 km/h and
16. AB is a straight line. C is a point whose perpendicular
reaches the school 15 min earlier. What is the distance
distance from AB is 3 cm. What are the number of points
from his house to school ? [2008-II] which are at a perpendicular distance of 1 cm from AB
(a) 2 km (b) 2.5 km (c) 3 km (d) 3.5 km and at a distance 4 cm from C? [2011-I]
9. Two persons P and Q start at the same time from city A (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
for city B, 60 km away. P travels 4 km/h slower than Q. 17. Two trains each 200 m long move towards each other on
Q reaches city B and at once turns back meeting P, 12 parallel lines with velocities 20 km/h and 30 km/h,
km from city B. What is the speed of P ? [2008-II] respectively. What is the time that elapses when they
(a) 8 km/h (b) 12 km/h first meet until they have cleared each other? [2011-I]
(c) 16 km/h (d) 20 km/h (a) 20 s (b) 24.8 s (c) 28.8 s (d) 30 s
Time, Speed and Distance M-95

18. A man can walk uphill at the rate of 2.5 km/h and 28. A man cycles with a speed of 10 km/h and reaches his
downhill at the rate of 3.25 km/h. If the total time office at 1 p.m. However, when he cycles with a speed of
required to walk a certain distance up the hill and return 15 km/h, he reaches his office at 11 am. At what speed
to the starting position is 4 h 36 min, what is the sould he cycle, so that he reaces his office at 12 noon?
distance he walked up the hill ? [2011-I] [2013-II]
(a) 3.5 km (b) 4.5 km (c) 5.5 km (d) 6.5 km (a) 12.5 km/h (b) 12 km/h
19. A train 280 m long is moving at a speed of 60 km/h. (c) 13 km/h (d) 13.5 km/h
What is the time taken by the train to cross a platform 29. Two cars A and B start simultaneously from a certain
220 m long? [2012-I] place at the speed of 30 km/h and 45 km/hr, respectively.
(a) 45 s (b) 40 s (c) 35 s (d) 30 s The car B reaches the distination 2 h earlier than A.
What is the distance between the starting point and
20. A student moves 2x km East from his residence and destination? [2013-II]
then moves x km North. He, then goes x km North-East (a) 90 km (b) 180 km (c) 270 km (d) 360 km
and finally he takes a turn of 90° towards right and 30. A train running at the speed of 72 km/h goes past a pole
moves a distance x km and reaches his school. What is in 15 s. What is the length of the train ? [2013-II]
the shortest distance of the school from his residence? (a) 150 m (b) 200 m (c) 300 m (d) 350 m
[2012-I] 31. A train takes 9 s to cross a pole. If the speed of the train
(a) (2 2 + 1) x km (b) 3x km is 48 km/h, the length of the train is [2014-I]
(a) 150 m (b) 120 m (c) 90 m (d) 80 m
(c) 2 2x km (d) 3 2x km 32. The distance between two points (A and B) is 110 km.
21. A car travels along the four sides of a square at speeds X starts running from point A at a speed of 60 km/h and
v, 2v, 3v and 4v, respectively. If u is the average speed Y starts running from point B at a speed of 40 km/h at
of the car in its travel around the square, then which the same time. They meet at a point C, somewhere on
one of the following is correct ? [2012-I] the line AB. What is the ratio of AC to BC? [2014-II]
(a) u = 2.25 v (b) u = 3 v (a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 4 : 3
(c) v < u < 2 v (d) 3 v < u < 4v 33. A man rides one–third of the distance from A to B at the
22. A wheel of radius 2.1 m of a vehicle makes 75 rate of x km/h and the remainder at the rate of 2y km/h.
revolutions in 1 min. What is the speed of the vehicle? If he had travelled at a uniform rate of 6z km/h, then he
[2012-I] could have ridden from A to B and back again in the same
(a) 78 km/h (b) 59.4 km/h time. Which one of the following is correct? [2014-II]
(c) 37.4 km/h (d) 35.4 km/h (a) z = x + y (b) 3z = x + y
23. A car is travelling at a constant rate of 45 km/h. The 1 1 1 1 1 1
distance travelled by car from 10 : 40 am to 1 : 00 pm (c) = + (d) = +
z x y 2z x y
is [2012-II]
34. A train travels at a speed of 40 km/h and another train
(a) 165 km (b) 150 km (c) 120 km (d) 105 km
at a speed of 20 m/s. What is the ratio of speed of the
24. A train takes 10 s to cross a pole and 20 s to cross a
first train to that of the second train ? [2014-II]
platform of length 200 m. What is the length of the
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 5 : 9 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 9 : 5
train? [2012-II]
35. A man rows downstream 32 km and 14 km upstream, and
(a) 400 m (b) 300 m (c) 200 m (d) 100 m
he takes 6 hours to cover each distance. What is the
25. A person travels a certain distance at 3 km/h and
speed of the current? [2015-I]
reaches 15 min late. If he travels at 4 km/h, he reaches
(a) 0.5 km/hr (b) 1 km/hr
15 min earlier. The distance he has to travel is
(c) 1.5 km/hr (d) 2 km/hr
[2013-I]
36. A car travels the first one-third of a certain distance
(a) 4.5 km (b) 6 km (c) 7.2 km (d) 12 km
with a speed of 10 km/hr, the next one-third distance
26. A sailor sails a distance of 48 km along the flow of a
with a speed of 20 km/hr and the last one-third distance
river in 8 h. If it takes 12 h return the same distance,
with a speed of 60 km/hr. The average speed of the car
then the speed of the flow of the river is [2013-I]
for the whole journey is [2015-I]
(a) 0.5 km/h (b) 1 km/h
(a) 18 km/hr (b) 24 km/hr
(c) 1.5 km/h (d) 2 km/h
(c) 30 km/hr (d) 36 km/hr
27. If a body cover a distance at the rate of x km/h and
37. Two persons A and B start simultaneously from two
another equal distance at the rate of y km/h, then the
places c km apart, and walk in the same direction. If A
average speed (in km/h) is [2013-I]
travels at the rate of p km/hr and B travels at the rate
x+ y 2 xy x+ y of q km/hr, then A has travelled before he overtakes B
(a) (b) xy (c) (d) a distance of [2015-I]
2 x+ y xy
 EBD_7336
M-96 Time, Speed and Distance

time will they be completely clear from each other from the
qc pc
(a) km (b) km moment they meet? [2015-II]
p+q p–q (a) 10 s (b) 11 s (c) 16 s (d) 21 s
47. Three athletes run a 4 km race. Their speeds are in the
qc pc
(c) km (d) km ratio 16 : l5 : 11. When the winner wins the race, then the
p–q p+q distance between the athlete in the second position to
38. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down due the athlete in the third position is [2015-II]
to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip was (a) l000m (b) 800m (c) 750 m (d) 600 m
reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight increased 48. In a race of 100 m, A beats B by 4m and A beats C by 2 m.
by 30 minutes. The duration of the flight is [2015-I] By how many metres (approximately) would C beat B in
(a) 1 hour (b) 2 hours another 100 m race assuming C and B run with their
(c) 3 hours (d) 4 hours respective speeds as in the earlier race ? [2015-II]
39. With a uniform speed, a car covers a distance in 8 (a) 2 (b) 2.04 (c) 2.08 (d) 3.2
hours. Had the speed been increased by 4 km/hr, the 49. The speeds of three buses are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. The time
same distance could have been covered in 7 hours and taken by these buses to travel the same distance will be in
30 minutes. What is the distance covered? [2015-I] the ratio [2015-II]
(a) 420 km (b) 480 km (c) 520 km (d) 640 km (a) 2 : 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 : 2
(c) 4 : 3 : 6 (d) 6 : 4 : 3
2
40. A runs 1 times as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 80 50. A man walking at 5 km/hour noticed that a 225 m long
3 train coming in the opposite direction crossed him in 9
m, how far must the winning post from the starting seconds. The speed of the train is [2016-I]
point be so that A and B might reach it at the same time? (a) 75 km/hour (b) 80 km/hour
[2015-I] (c) 85 km/hour (d) 90 km/hour
(a) 200 m (b) 300 m (c) 270 m (d) 160 m 51. A cyclist moves non-stop from A to B, a distance of 14 km,
41. A thief is noticed by a policeman from a distance of 200 at a certain average speed. If his average speed reduces by
m. The thief starts running and the policeman chases 1 km per hour, he takes 20 minutes more to cover the same
him. The thief and the policeman run at the speed of 10 distance. The original average speed of the cyclist is
km/hr and 11 km/hr respectively. What is the distance [2016-I]
between them after 6 minutes ? [2015-I] (a) 5 km/hour (b) 6 km/hour
(a) 100 m (b) 120 m (c) 150 m (d) 160 m (c) 7 km/hour (d) None of the above
42. Two trains are moving in the same direction at 1.5 km/ 52. A bike consumes 20 mL of petrol per kilometre, if it is
minute and 60 km/ hour respectively. A man in the faster diriven at a speed in the range of 25 – 50 km/hour and
train observes that it takes 27 seconds to cross the slower consume 40 mL of petrol per kilometer at any other speed.
train. The length of the slower train is [2015-II] How much petrol is consumed by the bike in travelling
(a) 225 m (b) 230m (c) 240m (d) 250 m distance of 50 km, if the bike is driven at a speed of 40 km/
43. In a race A, B and C take part. A beats B by 30 m, B beats hour for the first 10 km, at a speed of 60 km/hour for the
C by 20 m and A beats C by 48 m. Which of the following next 30 km and at a speed of 30 km/hour for the last 10 km?
is/ are correct ? [2015-II] [2016-I]
l. The length of the race is 300 m. (a) 1 L (b) 1.2 L (c) 1.4 L (d) 1.6 L
2. The speeds of A, B and C are in the ratio 50 :45 :42. 53. A passenger train takes 1 hour less for a journey of 120
Select the correct answer using the code given below : km, if its speed is increased by 10 km/hour from its usual
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only speed. What is its usual speed? [2016-I]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 50 km/hour (b) 40 km/hour
44. A motor boat, whose speed is 15 km/ hour in still water (c) 35 km/hour (d) 30 km/hour
goes 30 km down–stream and comes back in a total of 4 54. In a race of 1000 m. A beats B by 100 m or 10 seconds. If
hour and 30 minutes. The speed of the stream is [2015-II] they start a race of 1000 m simultaneously from the same
(a) 4 km/ hour (b) 5 km/hour point and if B gets injured after running 50 m less than
(c) 6 km/ hour (d) 10 km/hour half the race length and due to which his speed gets haived,
45. By increasing the speed of his car by 15 km/hour, a person then by how much time will A beat B? [2016-I]
covers 300 km distance by taking an hour less than before. (a) 65 seconds (b) 60 seconds
The original speed of the car was [2015-II] (c) 50 seconds (d) 45 seconds
(a) 45 km/ hour (b) 50 km/hour 55. Two men, A and B run a 4 km race on a course 0.25 km
(c) 60 km/hour (d) 75 km/ hour round. If their speeds are in the ratio 5:4, how often does
46. Two trains, one is of 121 m in length at the speed of 40 km/ the winner pass the other ? [2016-II]
hour and the other is of 99 m in length at the speed of 32 (a) Once (b) Twice
km/hour are running in opposite directions. In how much (c) Thrice (d) Four times
Time, Speed and Distance M-97

56. When the Speed of a train is increased by 20%, it takes 20 the policeman is 10 km/hour, then how far will the thief
minutes less to cover the same distance. What is the time have to run before he is overtaken ? [2017-I]
taken to cover the same distance with the original speed ? (a) 200 m (b) 300 m (c) 400 m (d) 500 m
[2016-II] 66. If a train crosses a km-stone in 12 seconds, how long will
(a) 140 minutes (b) 120 minutes it take to cross 91 km-stones completely if its speed in 60
(c) 100 minutes (d) 80 minutes km/hr? [2017-II]
57. A person can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours and (a) 1 hr 30 min (b) 1 hr 30 min 12 sec
upstream 4 km in 2 hours. What is the speed of the current? (c) 1 hr 51 min (d) 1 hr 1 min 3 sec
[2016-II] 67. In a 100 m race, A runs at 6 km/hr. If A gives B a start of 8
(a) 2 km/hour (b) 2.5 km/hour m and still beats him by 9 seconds, what is the speed of
(c) 3 km/hour (d) 4 km/hour B? [2017-II]
58. A train is travelling at 48 km/hour completely crosses (a) 4.6 km/hr (b) 4.8 km/hr
another train having half its length and travelling in (c) 5.2 km/hr (d) 5.4 km/hr
opposite direction at 42 km/hour in 12 s. It also passes a 68. A boy went to his school at a speed of 12 km/hr and
railway platform in 45 s. What is the length of the platform? returned to his house at a speed of 8 km/hr. If he has taken
[2016-II] 50 minutes for the whole journey, what was the total
(a) 600 m (b) 400 m (c) 300 m (d) 200 m distance walked? [2017-II]
59. The speeds of three cars are in the ratio 2: 3 :4. What is the (a) 4 km (b) 8 km (c) 16 km (d) 20 km
ratio between the times taken by these cars to travel the 69. A man rows down a river 18 km in 4 hours with the stream
same distance ? [2016-II] and returns in 10 hours. [2017-II]
(a) 4 : 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 : 4 Consider the following statements :
(c) 4 : 3 : 6 (d) 6 : 4 : 3 1. The speed of the man against the stream is
60. The wheels of a car are of diameter 80cm each. The car is 1.8 km/hr.
travelling at a speed of 66 Km/hour. What is the number 2. The speed of the man is still water is 3.15 km/hr.
of complete revolutions each wheel makes in 10 minutes ? 3. The speed of the stream is 1.35 km/hr.
[2016-II] Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 4275 (b) 4350 (c) 4375 (d) 4450 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
61. A motorist travels to a place 150 km away at an average (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
speed of 50 km/hour and returns at 30 km/hour. What is 70. A man travelled 12 km at a speed of 4 km/hr and further 10
km at a speed of 5 km/hr. What was his average speed?
the average speed for the whole journey ? [2016-II]
[2017-II]
(a) 35 km/hour (b) 37 km/hour
(a) 4.4 km/hr (b) 4.5 km/hr
(c) 37.5 km/hour (d) 40 km/hour
(c) 5.0 km/hr (d) 2.5 km/hr
5 71. A train moving with a speed of 60 km per hour crosses an
62. In a 100 m race, A runs at a speed of m/s. If A gives a electric pole in 30 seconds. What is the length of the train
3
start of 4 m to B and still beats him by 12 seconds, What in metres? [2018-I]
is the speed of B ? [2017-I] (a) 300 (b) 400 (c) 500 (d) 600
72. A passenger train and a goods train are running in the
5 7 4 6 same direction on parallel railway tracks. If the passenger
(a) m/s (b) m/s (c) m/s (d) m/s
4 5 3 5 train now takes three times as long to pass the goods
63. A passenger train departs from Delhi at 6 pm, for Mumbai. train, as when they are running in opposite directions,
At 9 p.m., an express train, whose average speed exceeds then what is the ratio of the speed of the passenger train
to that of the goods train? [2018-I]
that of the passenger train by 15 km/hour leaves Mumbai
(Assume that the trains run at uniform speeds)
for Delhi. Two trains meet each other mid-route. At what
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 1 : 1
time do they meet, given that the distance between the
73. A man can row at a speed of x km/hr in still water. If in a
cities is 1080 km ? [2017-I] stream which is flowing at a speed of y km/hr it takes him
(a) 4 pm. (b) 2 am. z hours to row to a place and back, then what is the distance
(c) 12 midnight (d) 6 am between the two places? [2018-I]
64. A 225 m long train is running at a speed of 30 km/hour.
How much time does it take to cross a man running at 3
km/hour in the same direction ? [2017-I] (a)
(
z x2 - y2 ) (b)
(
z x2 - y2 )
2y 2x
(a) 40 seconds (b) 30 seconds

65.
(c) 25 seconds (d) 15 seconds
A thief is spotted by a policeman from a distance of 100 m. (c)
(x 2
- y2 ) (d)
(
z x2 - y2 )
When the policeman starts the chase, the thief also starts 2zx x
running. If the speed of the thief is 8 km/hour and that of
 EBD_7336
M-98 Time, Speed and Distance

74. A car has an average speed of 60 km per hour while going 80. Three cars A, B and C started from a point at 5 p.m., 6 p.m.
from Delhi to Agra and has an average speed and 7 p.m. respectively and travelled at uniform speeds of
of y km per hour while returning to Delhi from Agra 60 km/hr, 80 km/hr and x km/hr respectively in the same
(by travelling the same distance). If the average speed of direction. If all the three met at another point at the same
the car for the whole journey is 48 km per hour, then what instant during their journey, then what is the value of x ?
is the value of y? [2018-I] [2019-I]
(a) 30 km per hour (b) 35 km per hour (a) 120 (b) 110 (c) 105 (d) 100
(c) 40 km per hour (d) 45 km per hour 81. Radha and Hema are neighbours and study in the same school.
75. A train 100 m long passes a platform 100 m long in 10 Both of them use bicycles to go to the school. Radha’s speed
seconds. The speed of the train is [2018-II] is 8 km/hr whereas Hema’s speed is 10 km/hr. Hema takes 9
(a) 36 kmph (b) 45 kmph minutes less than Radha to reach the school. How far is the
(c) 54 kmph (d) 72 kmph school from the locality of Radha and Hema ? [2019-I]
76. A cyclist covers his first 20 km at an average speed of 40 (a) 5 km (b) 5. 5 km (c) 6 km (d) 6. 5 km
kmph, another 10 km at an average speed of 10 kmph and 82. A plane is going in circles around an airport. The plane
the last 30 km at an average speed of 40 kmph. Then the takes 3 minutes to complete one round. The angle of
average speed of the entire journey is [2018-II] elevation of the plane from a point P on the ground at time
(a) 20 kmph (b) 26.67 kmph t seconds is equal to that at time (t + 30) seconds. At time
(c) 28.24 kmph (d) 30 kmph (t + x) seconds, the plane flies vertically above the point
77. In a race of 1000 m, A beats B by 150 m, while in another P. What is x equal to ? [2019-I]
race of 3000 m, C beats D by 400 m. Speed of B is equal to (a) 75 seconds (b) 90 seconds
that of D. (Assume that A, B, C and D run with uniform (c) 105 seconds (d) 135 seconds
speed in all the events). If A and C participate in a race of 83. It takes 11 hours for a 600 km journey if 120 km is done by
6000 m, then which one of the following is correct? train and the rest by car. lt takes 40 minutes more If 200 km
[2018-II] are covered by train and the rest by car. What is the ratio
(a) A beats C by 250 m (b) C beats A by 250 m of speed of the car to that of the train? [2019-II]
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 4 : 3
(c) A beats C by 115.38 m (d) C beats A by 115.38 m
78. The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand after 84. The ratio of speeds of X and Y is 5 : 6. If Y allows X a start
every 72 minutes of correct time. How much time does of 70 m in a 1.2 km race, then who will win the race and by
the clock lose or gain in a day of normal time? [2018-II] what distance ? [2020-I]
9 1 (a) X wins the race by 30 m
(a) Lose 121 minutes (b) Lose 157 minutes (b) Y wins the race by 90 m
11 11 (c) Y wins the race by 130 m
9 1 (d) The race finishes in a dead heat
(c) Gain 121 minutes (d) Gain 157 minutes
11 11 85. A train takes two hours less for a journey of 300 km if its
79. A thief steals a car parked in a house and goes away with a speed is increased by 5 km/hr from its usual speed. What
speed of 40 kmph. The theft was discovered after half an is its usual speed? [2020-I]
hour and immediately the owner sets off in another car with (a) 50 km/hr (b) 40 km/hr
a speed of 60 mph. When will the owner meet the thief? (c) 35 km/hr (d) 25 km/hr
[2018-II] 86. In covering certain distance, the average speeds of X and
(a) 55 km from the owner’s house and one hour after the theft
Y are in the ratio 4 : 5. If X takes 45 minutes more than Y to
(b) 60 km from the owner’s house and 1.5 hours after the theft
(c) 60 km from the owner’s house and one hours after reach the destination, then what is the time taken by Y to
the discovery of the theft reach the destination? [2020-I]
(d) 55 km from the owner’s house and 1.5 hours after the theft (a) 135 mmminutes (b) 150 minutes
(c) 180 minutes (d) 225 minutes

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let total distance of the journey be x km. 2. (d) Total distance travel by train
x = length of platform + length of train
first part of journey = km
2 x = 200 + 200 = 400 m
Then second part of journey = km
2 Total distance travel
According to question, \ Required speed =
Time taken
x x
7 x + 3x 400 400 18
2 + 2 = 10 Þ = 20 = m/s = ´ km/h = 96 km/h
30 70 210 15 15 5
\ x = 2 × 210 = 420 km
Time, Speed and Distance M-99

Distance 150 + 100

3. (a) Time = 7. (b) Time taken to cross the trains =
Speed 25
+v
Let distance travel from A to B be x km. 3
According to question where v is the speed of second train.
x x x (3 + 4) 7 x 250 ´ 3
\7= + = = Þ x = 12 km Þ 10 = Þ 250 + 30v = 750
4 3 12 12 25 + 3v
4. (c) Let the speed of bike = v km/h 50
\ Time taken to cover 200 km at a speed of v km/ Þ 30v = 500 Þ v= m/s
3
200
h= h 50 18
v \v= ´ = 60 km/h
New speed of bike = (v + 5) km/h 3 5
\ Time taken to cover 200 km at a speed of 8. (c) According to the question,
200 t1 - t 2 = 12 – (–15)
(v + 5) km/h =
v+5 x x 27
Þ t1 – t2 = 27 min Þ - = h
200 200 V1 V2 60
According to question, - = 2
v v+5
x x 27 2x x 9
(v + 5 - v)200 Þ - = Þ - =
Þ = 2 Þ 500 v2 + 5v 2.5 4 60 5 4 20
v 2 + 5v 3x 9
Þ v2 + 5v – 500 = 0 Þ v2 + 25v – 20v – 500 = 0 Þ = Þ 3x = 9
Þ v (v + 25) – 20 (v + 25) = 0 20 20
\ x = 3 km
Þ (v – 20) (v + 25) = 0 (Q v ¹ -25 ) 9. (a) P Q
\ v = 20km / h city A 60 km city B
So the original speed of a bike is 20 km/h Distance between P and Q = 60 km
5. (a) Let the speed of a train be v m/s and length of the Let the speed of Q = x km/h
train be x m. Then the speed of P = (x – 4 ) km/h
when crosses telegraph t = 8s Distance travelled by Q till they meet P
= 60 + 12 = 72 km
Distance x 72
Time = Þ8= Time taken by Q till they meet =
Speed v x
Þx=8v ...(i) Distance travelled by P till they meet
When crosses bridge = 60 – 12 = 48 km
t = 24s, Speed = v 48
Time taken by P till they meet =
Distance x-4
Distance = x + 200 Q Time = Speed since time taken by both will be equal,
72 48
x + 200 \ = Þ 72x – 288 = 48x
\ 24 = Þ 24v = x + 200 x x-4
v
Þ 24x = 288 Þ x = 12 km/h
Þ 24v = 8v + 200 [from eq. (i)]
\ Speed of P = x – 4
25
Þ 16v = 200 Þ v = = 12 – 4 = 8 km/h
2
25 Distance 92 92
From eq. (i) x = 8v = 8 × = 100 m 10. (d) Q Time = = = =8h
2 Speed 6.5 + 5 11.5
6. (b) Train and man running opposite to each other. 11. (a) Relative velocity = (50 – 32) km/h = 18 km/h
\ Relative speed = 60 + 6 = 66 km/h 1 1 15
66 ´ 5 Elapse time = 15s = 15 ´ ´ h= h
60 60 3600
= m/s
18 Distance 15 x
Distance Time = Þ =
\ Required time = Speed 3600 18
Speed Þ x × 3600 = 18 × 15
110 110 ´ 18
= = = 6s 18 ´ 15 18 ´ 15
66 ´ 5 66 ´ 5 \x= km = ´ 1000 m = 75 m.
3600 3600
18
 EBD_7336
M-100 Time, Speed and Distance

12. (a) Let speed of stream = D km/h

C
Speed of boat in still water = B km/h = 11 km/h. 16. (c)
According to the question
12

4c
B+D=

4c
t1

m
3 cm
12
t1 = ...(i) P1 2 3 cm 2 3 cm P2
B+D
12 A B
1 cm
B–D= t
2 P3
12 \Required number of points = 3
t2 = ...(ii)
B-D (Q P1, P2 and P3)
Now, 17. (c) Relative speed of trains = (20 + 30) km/h
45 11 5
t1 + t2 = 2 + = = 50 km/h = 50 ´ m/s
60 4 18
12 12 11 Total relative distance = 200 + 200 = 400 m
Þ +
B+ D B-D 4
= ( Given B = 11km / h )
400 ´ 18
\ Required time = = 28.8 s
2B 11 50 ´ 5
Þ = 18. (d) Let a distance walked be x km.
2
B -D 2 4 ´12
According to question
2 ´ 11 11
Þ = x x 36 æ 1 1 ö 276
(11) - D
2 2
4 ´12 + = 4 Þ x çè + ÷ =
2.5 3.25 60 2.5 3.25 ø 60
Þ D2 = 25 \ D = 5 km/h.
æ2 4ö 276
13. (b) Let distance between A and B = x km Þ x çè + ÷ø =
According to question 5 13 60
x x 276 65
- = 2 Þ 6x = 2 × 18 × 12 \x= × = 6.5 km
12 18 60 46
19. (d) To cover a distance by train = 280 + 220 = 500 m
2 ´ 18 ´ 12
Þx= = 72 km 60 ´1000 50
6 Speed of train = 60 km/h = = m/s
required distance = 72 km 60 ´ 60 3
14. (b) Relative speed = 75 + 50 = 125 km/h Total distance
\ Time taken by train =
125 ´ 5 Speed
= m/s
18 500
Total covered distance = 100 + 150 = 250 m = = 30s
50
\ Time taken to cross each other
3
Total covered distance 20. (b) In fig, O is residence and D is school.
=
Relative speed In DBCD,
250 ´ 18 C
= = 7.2 s North
125 ´ 5 x x
15. (a) Let speed of motorboat be B km/h.
Speed of water = D km/h. B D
According to question
9
B + D = = 4.5 ....(i)
2
9 3 West East
O A E
B – D = = = 1.5 .... (ii)
6 2 2x
Now, on solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
B = 3 km/h and D =1.5 km/h
speed of boat = 3km/h.

South
Time, Speed and Distance M-101

BD2 = BC2 + CD2 = x2 + x2 x

Þ BD = 2x Þ BD = AE = 2x Þ 10 = Þ x = 10 v ... (i)
v
\ OE = OA + AE = 2.x + 2.x = 2 2 x When cross the platform in time, t = 20 s
Q BA = DE = x x + 200
in DOED, 20 = Þ 20v = x + 200
v
OD2 = OE2 + DE2
Þ 20v = 10v + 200 [from Eq. (i)]
\ Minimum distance,
Þ 10v = 200
OD = (2 2.x)2 + x 2 = 8 x 2 + x 2 = 3x km \ v = 20
From Eq. (i),
21. (c) Let side of a square be x. x = 10v = 10 × 20 = 200 m
D x C 25. (b) According to question,
t1 - t 2 = 15 – (–15) Þ 15 + 15
3v
x x 30
Þ 30 min Þ - = h
v1 v2 60
Here, v1 = 3 km/h, v2 = 4 km/h
x 4v 2v x
x x 1 4 x - 3x 1 x 1
Þ - = Þ = Þ =
3 4 2 12 2 12 2
v 12
\x= = 6 km.
A x B 2
26. (b) Let speed of the flow of water be v km/h and rate
Total Distance of sailing of sailer be u km/h.
Q Average speed (u) = 48
Total Time Then, u + v = Þu+v = 6 ...(i)
8
( x + x + x + x) 4´v 48v
= x 48
x x x = 1 1 1
=
25
= 1.92v
and u - v = Þ u -v = 4 ...(ii)
+ + + 1+ + + 12
v 2v 3v 4v 2 3 4 On solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Average speed lies between v < u < 2 v v = 1 km/hr
22. (b) Radius of the wheel = 2.1 m 27. (c) Average speed of two object when distance is
Distance covered in 1 revolution = 2pr same
22
= 2´ ´ 2.1 2v1v2
7 Average speed =
\ Distance covered in 75 revolutions v1 + v2
22 2 ´ xy
= 2pr × 75 = 2 ´ ´ 2.1 ´ 75
7 Here v1 = x km/h. v2 = y km/h = x + y .
= 990 m = 0.99 km
1 x x
Time = h 28. (b) t2 – t1 = 2h Þ - =2
60 10 15
Distance 0.99
\ Required speed = = km/h 3x - 2 x
Time 1 Þ = 2 Relative speed
30
60 x = 60 km.
= 59.4 km/h
= 15 – 10 = 5km 1h.
23. (d) Speed of a car = 45 km/hr
140 distance 60
h speed = = = 12 km/h.
Time taken by the car = 140 min = relative speed 5
60
So, required distance travelled by car = Speed × Time 29. (b) Let distance between starting and their destination
be x km.
140 t2 – t1 = 2h
= 45 ´ = 105 km
60
24. (c) Let the speed of a train be v m/s and length of x x æ 3x - 2 x ö
Þ - =2 Þ ç ÷=2
train be x m. 30 45 è 90 ø
when cross the pole in time t = 10 s x
Þ =2
Distance 90
Time = \ x = 180 km,
Speed
 EBD_7336
M-102 Time, Speed and Distance

30. (c) Speed of train 5

Length of train 40 ´ 10 5
= 18 = 2 ´ 5 = = or 5 : 9
= 18 9
Time taken to cross the stationary object 20 18
\ Length of train = Speed of train × Time taken 35. (c) Let speed of boat be B km/h and
to cross the stationary object speed of stream be D km/h.
72 ´ 1000 ´ 15 Downstream
= = 300 m 32
3600 B+D= ...(i)
31. (b) Let the length of the train = x m. 6
Upstream
48 ´ 1000 14
speed = 48 km/h = m/s B–D= ...(ii)
60 ´ 60 6
\ Length of train, (x) = Speed × Time to cross the Now on solving equations (i) and (ii)
48 ´ 1000 46
pole = ´ 9 = 120 m we get 2 B =
60 ´ 60 6
32. (a) Distance between two points = 110 km 23
B= km / h
Relative speed = 60 + 40 = 100 km/h 6
Time after which they meet Put value of B in equation ...(i)
110 32 23
Total distance D= –
= = = 1.10 h 6 6
Relativespeed 100
9 3
C = = = 1.5 km / h
6 2
A B 36. (a) Let total distance = x km.
110 km
Distance corvered by A in 1.10 h = AC = 60 × 1.10 total distance
Average speed =
= 66 km total time
Remaining distance = BC = 110 – 66 = 44 km x1 x2 x3
Required ratio = AC : BC = 66 : 44 = 3 : 2
33. (c) Let the total distance be d km A v1 v2 v3 B
x
1
Then, time taken to cover d distance x x
3 =
1
d t1 + t2 + t3 x1 x2 x3
t1 = 3 = d + +
v1 v2 v3
x 3x
1 2 x x x
Remaining distance = d - d = d km. x1 = , x2 = , x3 = =
x
3 3 3 3 3
2 xæ 1 1 1 ö
Now, time taken to cover rdd distance, ç + + ÷
3 3 è 10 20 60 ø
2
d 3 3 ´ 60
2d
t2 = 3 = = = = 18km/h
2y 6y æ 6 + 3 +1 ö 10
ç ÷
Time taken to cover distance from A to B and B to A. è 60 ø
2d 37. (c) A c B
t=
6z
According to the question, t1 + t2 = t p km/h q km/h
d 2d 2d 1 1 1 Relative speed = (p – q) km/hr.
Þ + = Þ + =
3x 6 y 6 z 3x 3 y 3z c
Time taken to cover the c km = hr
1 1 1 p–q
Þ x+ y=z Distance travelled by A before he overtakes
qc
34. (b) speed of a train = 40 km/h B= km
p–q
5
= 40 ´ m/s 38. (a) Let average speed of flight = v
18
Speed of another train = 20 m/s 600
Time taken by flight (t) = ... (i)
Speed of first train v
\ Required ratio = Now, flight speed is reduced by 200 km/hr
Speed of second train
Time, Speed and Distance M-103

600 30 5
= =t+ ... (ii) = × 60 × 6 = 100 m
v – 200 60 18
Now, put value of t in eqn (ii) Distance between them = 200 – 100 = 100 m
600 1
Þ =t+ 42. (a) Speed of 1st train = 1.5 km/minute = 1.5 × 60 km/h
600 2 = 90 km/h
– 200
t Relative speed of trains = 90 – 60 = 30 km/h
600 t 1 5 25
Þ =t+ = 30 × < m/sec
600 – 200 t 2 18 3
2
Þ 600 t – 200t + 300 – 100t = 600 t 25
Length of slower train = ´ 27 = 25 × 9 = 225 m
Þ 2t2 + t – 3 = 0 3
–1 ± 5 –6 4 So, option (a) is correct.
–1 ± 1 + 24
t= = , , ; t = 1 hour 43. (c) Let the length of race be ‘x’ meters and velocity of A,
2´ 2 4 4 4 B, C be respectively vA, vB and vC.
Duration of flight = 1 hour According to question-
39. (b) Let Initial speed = v and x x , 30
total distance = x km. Þ <
vA vB
x
Time taken by car = =8 vA x , 30
v Þ < ---(i)
x = 8v ... (i) vB x
Now, speed is increased by 4 km/hr x x , 20
Þ v < v
x 30 x 1 15 B C
Þ = 7+ Þ =7+ =
v+4 60 v+4 2 2 vC x , 20
Þ < ---(ii)
Þ 2x = 15v + 60 vB x
Put value of x from equation (i)
Þ 16v = 15v + 60 ; v = 60 x x , 48
Distance covered = 8 × 60 = 480 km Þ v < v
A C
40. (a) Let speed of B = V vC x , 48
5 Þ < ---(iii)
Then speed of A = V vA x
3 Multiplying eq (i) & (ii)-
Winning post vB vC æ x - 30 öæ x - 20 ö
´ =ç ÷ç ÷
A B vA vB è x øè x ø
80 m xm vC æ x - 30 öæ x - 20 ö
=ç ÷ç ÷ ---(iv)
vA è x øè x ø
Starting point From eq (iii) & eq (iv)-
Time taken by B to reach æ x - 48 ö æ x - 30 öæ x - 20 ö
ç x ÷ = ç x ÷ç x ÷
x è ø è øè ø
winning post = ...(i) Þ x2 – 48x = x2 + 600 – 50x
v
Time taken by A to reach Þ 2x = 600
x + 80 Þ x < 300
winning post = ...(ii) Putting x = 300 in equation (i) & eq (ii)
v
Now, from eqs (i) and (ii) vB 300 , 20 270 9
x x + 80 Þ v < 300 < 300 < 10
Þ = Þ 5x = 3x + 240 ; x = 120 km A
v 5v
9
3 Þ vB = v ---(v)
10 A
Distance from starting point = x + 80
= 120 + 80 = 200 m vC 300 , 20 280 28
Þ < < <
5 5 vB 300 300 30
41. (a) Relative speed = (11 – 10) m/s = m/s
18 18 28 28 9 84
Þ vC = v = ´ v = v ---(vi)
Distance travelled by police in 6 min 30 B 30 10 A 100 A
 EBD_7336
M-104 Time, Speed and Distance

From eq (v) 7 eq (vi)- C will cover = 100 – 2 = 98 m

9 84 When C covers 98 m, B covers = 96 m
vA : vB : vC = vA : v : v When C covers 100 m, B will cover
10 A 100 A
96 4800
= 100 : 90 : 84 = 50 : 45 : 42 = ´100 = m
so, option (c) is correct. 98 49
44. (b) Let the speed of stream be ‘x’ km/hour. 4800
So C will beat B by = 100 –
30 30 49
Þ ∋15 ∗ x ( ∗ ∋15 , x ( < 4.5 4900 – 4800 100
Þ = = 2.04 m
49 49
15 , x ∗ 15 ∗ x 4.5
Þ < So, option (b) is correct
(15 ∗ x)(15 , x) 30 49. (d) Ratio of speed = 2 : 3 : 4
30 45 1 1 1 12 12 12
Þ < Ratio of time = : : =
2 3 4
: :
2 3 4
=6:4:3
2
225 , x 300
Þ 225 – x2 = 200 So, option (d) is correct.
Þ x2 = 25 50. (c) Let the speed of train = x km/hr
Þ x=5 225
Distance of train = 225 m = km
So, option (b) is correct 1000
45. (c) Let the original speed of car be = x km/hour
9
300 300 Time taken = 9 sec = hr
, <1 3600
x ∋ x ∗ 15( Speed of man = 5 km/hr
x ∗ 15 , x 1 Relative speed = Speed of train + speed of man
Þ ∋ x ∗ 15( x < 300 = (x + 5) km/hr
225
Þ x2 + 15x – 4500 = 0
Þ (x + 75) (x – 60) = 0 But relative speed = 1000 km / hr
9
Þ x ¹ – 75
3600
x < 60 225
= ´ 3600 = 90km / hr
So, option (c)is correct. 9 ´1000
5 200 Þ x + 5 = 90 Þ x = 85 km/hr
46. (b) Speed of 1st train = 40 × < m/sec \ Option (c) is correct
18 18
51. (c) Let Average speed = x km/hr
5 160 Time taken = t hr
Speed of 2nd train = 32 × < m/sec
18 18 Distance = 14 km
Relative speed of trains 14
Þ x= ...(1)
200 160 360 t
= ∗ < = 20 m/sec
18 18 18 According to question,
Total length of both the trains = 121 + 99 = 220 m Now Average speed = (x – 1) km/hr
220 æ 20 ö æ 1ö
Time required = = 11 sec Time taken = ç t + ÷ hr = ç t + ÷ hr
20 è 60 ø è 3ø
So, option (b) is correct. Distance = 14 km
47. (a) Time taken by the 1st athlete
14
4000 x -1 =
< 250 unit Þ 1
= t+
16 3
Distance covered by 2nd Athlete
= 15 × 250 = 3750 m 14 14
-1 = æ 14 ö
Distance covered by 3rd Athlete Þ t t+
1 çQ x = ÷
= 11 × 250 = 2750 m 3 è t ø
Distance between 2nd and 3rd Athlete
= 3750 – 2750 = 1000 m 14 - t 42
Þ =
So, option (a) is correct. t 3t + 1
48. (b) In a race of 100 m- Þ (14 – t) (3t + 1) = 42 t
when A covers total 100 m. Þ 42t – 3t2 + 14 – t = 42 t
B will cover = 100 – 4 = 96 m Þ – 3t2 + 14 – t = 0
Time, Speed and Distance M-105

Þ (3t + 7) (t – 2) = 0 Þ x = 45 × 5 = 225
Now 450 + 225 = 675
æ 7ö 1000 – 675 = 325
Þ t = 2 hr ç t ¹ - ÷
è 3ø
325
= 65
14 14 5
Þ x= = Stat
t 2 Hence A will beat B by 65 sec.
x = 7 km/hr 55. (c) A runs 5 rounds, B runs 4 rounds (ratio of speed)
\ Option (c) is correct A passes B each time A has run 5 rounds or
52. (d) Speed of bike = 25 – 50 km/h 1 5 1
Consumption of petrol at 25-50 hm/hr = 20 ml/km 5x = km = 1 km
and consumes petrol = 40 ml/km at other speed 4 4 4
Given Distance 1
1 km is contained in 4 km 3 times
50 km 10 km + 30 km + 10 km 4
hence A passes B thrice
Speed 40 km/hr 60 km/hr 30 km/hr
S1 T2
Petrol consumed = (10 + 10) × 20 ml + 30 × 40 ml 56. (b) By the relation =
= 400 ml + 1200 ml S2 T1
= 1600 ml Time ratio
1600 x 120
= L = 1.6L = = = 5x = 6x – 120
100 x - 20 100
\ Option (d) is correct. x = 120 minutes.
53. (d) Let usual speed of train = 4 km/hr 57. (d) Let speed of boat and current be x and y
Time taken by train = t hr
Distance travelled = 120 km 20 4
x + y= = 10 ; x – y = = 2
2 2
120 120
So, u = Þt= hr ...(1) by adding both equation
t 4
2x = 12
According to question
New speed = (u + 10) km/hr. x= 6
Distance = 120 km y = 10 – 6 = 4
Time taken = (t – 1) hr 58. (b) Let length of A train = 2l
length of B train = l
120
So u + 10 = 5
t -1 effective speed = (48 + 42) × m/s
(using (1) 18
Case I
120 120u
u + 10 = = 3l
120
- 1 120 - u 5 = 12
4 90 ´
Þ (u + 10) (120 – 4) =1204 Þ 1204 + 1200 – u2 – 104 18
= 1204 l = 100 m
Þ u2 + 10 u – 1200 = 0 Length of A train = 200 m
Þ (u + 40) (u – 30) = 0 Þ u = – 40 is not possible Case II let length of plat for m = P
Þ u = 30 km/hr 200 + P
\ Option (d) is correct. = 45
5
100 m 48 ´
VB = = 10 m/sec 18
54. (a)
10sec
48 ´ 5
VA 1000 10
200 + P = 45 ×
18
= =
VB 900 9 l = 600 m
P = 400 m
VA 10 100 59. (d) When speed ratio is S1 : S2 : S3 : S4
Þ = Þ VA =
10 9 9 1 1 1 1
450 x 1000 than time ratio will be S : S : S : S ...
+ = 1 2 3 4
10 5 100
1 1 1
9 i.e. time ratio : :
x 2 3 4
Þ 45 + = 90 Þ6: 4:3
5
 EBD_7336
M-106 Time, Speed and Distance

80 5t
60. (c) Radius of wheels = cm = 40 cm = 100
2 9
22 t = 180 S
Wheel covers in 1 revolution = 2Pr = 2 × × 40 5
7
Theif ran = 8 ´ ´ 180 = 400 m
Speed of wheel = 66 km/hr 18
or 66. (b) Here, we need to find the time that will take to cross
66 ´1000 ´100cm 91 km stones completely.
Given that, in 1 hr. train travels 60 km i.e. 60 km is
60min travelled in 60 min.
Distance covered in 10 minutes This means in 1 minute 1 km is travelled.
66 ´ 1000 ´ 100 ´ 10 Therefore, 90 km is travelled in 90 minutes i.e. 1 hour
= 30 minutes and the remaining 1 km in 12 seconds.
60
Thus, The total time taken is 1 hr. 30 min. 12 sec.
66 ´ 1000 ´ 100 ´ 10 100 m
No. of revolution = × 7 = 4375
60 ´ 2 ´ 22 ´ 40 67. (b)
A 8m B 92 m B(A)
61. (c) Since distance is same in both ride than the average
We are given that A gives B a start of 8 m. This means
2xy 2 ´ 50 ´ 30 3000 B starts from the point where A finishes its 8 m. there-
speed = x + y = = = 37.5 km/hour
30 + 50 80 fore B covers 92 m.
62. (c) Time taken for A to complete the race Given that A runs at 6 km/hr.
6 6 ´ 1000m
= 100 × = 60 sec. i.e. A runs at = 100 m/ min
10 60min
B took 60 + 12 sec to complete 96 m It is also given that even after giving B a start of
96 4 8 m, A reaches early than B by 9 seconds.
So speed is = 1.33 i.e. m/s Therefore, if A takes 60 sec to complete 100 m race,
72 3 then B takes (60 + 9) seconds i.e. 69 seconds to com-
63. (d) Let time taken by passenger train = t plete 92 m.
time taken by express train = t + 3
when distance = 540 D 92 92 18 24
= m/ s = ´ = km/ hr = 4.8km/ hr
ATQ T 69 69 5 5
68. (b) Distance travelled by the boy from house to school
540 540 D
- = 15 QS = in 1 hr. i.e. 60 minutes = 12 km
t t +3 T Distance travelled by the boy from house to school
ét + 3- tù 12 1
540 ê ú = 15 in 1 minute = = km
ë t 2 + 3t û 60 5
108 = t2 + 3t Similarly, distance travelled by the boy from school
t2 + 3t – 108 = 0 to house in 60 minutes = 8 km
t2 + 12t – 9t – 108 Distance travelled by the boy from school to house
(t – 9) (t + 12) 8 2
t = 9 hr in 1 minute = = km
60 15
Express train takes 9 hr
This means, total distance travelled in 2 minutes
9pm + 9 hr = 6 am
64. (b) Length of train = 225 m 1 2 3+ 2 5 1
= + = = = km
Speed of train = 30 km/h 5 15 15 15 3
Speed of Man = 3 km/hr Therefore, total distance travelled in 1 minute
Q the man is going in same direction than relatives 1 1
speed = (30 – 3) = 27 km/h = = km
Then time taken 3´ 2 6
Thus, total distance travelled in 50 minutes
225 225 ´ 2 1
sec = = 30 seconds. = ´ 50 = 8.333... » 8 km
5 3´ 5 6
27 ´
18 69. (d) Let the speed of the man in still water be x km/hr and
65. (c) Difference of distance covered by Police and thief let the speed of the stream be y km/hr.
is 100 m Speed of the man downstream = x + y km/hr
Speed of Police = 10 km/h Speed of theif = 8 km/hr Speed of the man upstream = x – y km/hr
let time be t Therefore,
5 5 18
10 ´ t - 8 t = 100 [Q D = 8T] x+y= ...(1)
18 18 4
Time, Speed and Distance M-107

18 74. (c) V1 = speed from Delhi to Agra = 60 km/h

x–y= = 1.8 km/hr ...(2) V2 = Speed from Agra to Delhi = y km/h
10 Average speed = 48 km/h
Solving these equations by elimination method, we
get 2V1V2
Average speed = V + V
18 1 2
2x = + 1.8 = 4.5 + 1.8 = 6.3 Þ x = 3.15 km/hr ...(3) According to the question
4
3.15 – y = 3.15 - y = 1.8 Þ y = 3.15 - 1.8 2 ´ 60 ´ y
= 48
Þ y = 1.35 Þ y = 1.35 km/hr ...(4) 60 + y
Þ 120y = 48 × 60 + 48y
Therefore, equations (2), (3) and (4) implies that all
Þ 120y – 48y = 48 × 60
the given statements are correct.
Þ 72y = 48 × 60
70. (a) Time taken to travel 12 km at the speed of 4 km/hr
48 ´ 60
12 \ y= = 40 km / h
= = 3 hrs. 72
4
75. (d) Speed of the train (m/sec)
Time taken to travel 10 km at a speed of 5 km/hr
Length of (train + plateform)
10 = Time to cross the plateform
= = 2 hrs.
5
Average speed = total distance ÷ total time taken (100 + 100) 200
= = = 20 m
10 + 12 22 10 10 sec
= = = 4.4 km/hr..
3+ 2 5 18
Speed (in Kmph) = 20 ´ = 72 Kmph
5 50 5
71. (c) Speed of train = 60 km/h = 60 ´ = m/s
18 3 20 1
time = 30 sec 76. (b) Time taken to cover 20 km(t1) = = h
40 2
50 10
length of train = ´ 30 = 500 m Time taken to cover 10 km (t2) = =1h
3 10
72. (a) Let speed of passenger train be x km/h and speed of
goods train be y km/h 30 3
Time taken to cover 30 km (t3) = = h
Speed in same direction = x – y km/h 40 4
Speed in opposite direction = (x + y) km/h Total time t = t1 + t2 + t3
Let total length of trains be 100 m 1 3 9
According to the question +1+ =
2 4 4
100 æ 100 ö distance 20 + 10 + 30 60 ´ 4
= 3 = =
x - y èç x + y ø÷ Speed =
time 9 9
4
100 300
= 80
x-y x+y = = 26.67 kmph
3
Þ 100x + 100y = 300x – 300y 77. (c) A : B = 1000 : 850 = 20 : 17
Þ 200x = 400y \ x: y= 2 : 1 B : C = 2600 : 3000 = 13 : 15
73. (b) Speed in still water = x km/h Þ A : C = 20 × 13 : 15 × 17 = 52 : 51
Speed of stream = y km/h
Speed in down stream = (x + y) km/h 6000
Given, A runs 6000 m. = C runs = ´ 51 = 5884.61
Speed in up stream = (x – y) km/h 52
Total time = Z hrs Hence A beats C by (60000 – 5884.61) = 115.39m
Let distance be D km from each side 78. (a) Given that, time to overtake N = 72 min
According to the question
é 720 ù éæ 60 ´ 24 ö ù
D D Dx - Dy + Dx + Dy The required result = ê – N ú ´ êç ÷ ú min
+ =Z ; =Z ë 11 û ëè N ø û
x+y x-y x2 - y2
2x × D = Z(x2 – y2) é 720 ù é 60 ´ 24 ù
=ê – 72ú ´ ê
ë 11 û ë 72 úû
\ D=
(
Z x 2 - y2 ) –72 60 ´ 24 9
2x = ´ =121 min loss.
11 72 11
 EBD_7336
M-108 Time, Speed and Distance

79. (b) Let thief covered the distance = x km to reach the diametrically opposite point will be 90
and x km covered by thief in t hours. seconds.
Owner sets off in another car after half an hour. So the time after which the plane reaches the point P
\ x km covered by owner in (t – ½) hours. will be = t + 15 + 90 seconds = (t + 105) seconds
Q distance = Speed × time 83. (b) Let speed of train and Car are x and y km/hr
= 40 × t = 60 (t – ½) = 40t = 60 t – 30 Þ 20t = 30 respectively.
t = 1.5 hours 120 480
+ = 11 ...(i)
x y
3
distance = 40 × t = 40 ´ = 60km 200 400 35
2 + = ...(ii)
80. (a) Distance covered by A till 6pm = 60 km x y 3
Distance covered by A till 7pm = 120 km from (i) and (ii)
Time taken by B to catch A = 60/(80 – 60) = 3 hrs 1200
So A and B will meet at 6pm + 3 hrs = 9pm = 20 Þ y = 60 and x = 40.
y
Since we know that all three met at the some time Now, x : y = 40 : 60
The time taken by C to cover 120 km difference will =2:3
be = 9pm – 7pm = 2hrs 84. (c) Let us assume that speed of X = 5m/s
Therefore, (x – 60) × 2 = 120 \ speed of Y = 6m/s
Þ 2x – 120 = 120 Time taken by Y to cover 1.2 km race
2x = 240
1200
\ x = 120 km/hr. tY = = 200sec
81. (c) Let the distance between be D km 6
Time taken by X to cover 1.2 km race
Time taken by Radha – Time taken by Hema = 9 mins
So D/8 – D/10 = 9/60 hrs 1200 – 70 1130
tX = = = 226sec
10D - 8D 9 2D 9 5 5
= Þ = So Y wins the race by 26 sec.
80 60 80 60
Distance travelled by X in
9 ´ 80 26 sec = 26 × 5 = 130 m
D= = 6km
2 ´ 60 85. (d) Let usual speed = v
increased speed = v + 5
300 300
t+30 sec Now, v – v + 5 = 2
B
300( v + 5) – 300v
P D =2
82. (c) v(v + 5)
t+15 sec
Þ 2v2 + 10v – 1500 = 0
t sec Þ (v + 30)(2v – 50) = 0
A
Let the plane be at point A at t seconds and at point \ v = –30, 25
B after t + 30 seconds \ v = 25 km/hr {since V is always + ve value}
Since the motion is uniform, we can say that at time 86. (c) Time taken by X and Y to covered distance is 5x and
t + 15 seconds, the plane is above the point is 4x respectively
diametrically opposite to the point P from where the \ 5x – 4x = 45 min
angle is same. x = 45 min
Now since the time taken to cover the full circle is \ Time = 4x = 45 × 4 = 180 min
3 minutes (180 seconds), the time taken by the plane
CHAPTER

11 Time & Work

1. 42 men take 25 days to dig a pond. If the pond would 10. Two taps can fill a tub in 5 min and 7 min respectively.
have to be dug in 14 days, then what is the number of A pipe can empty it in 3 min. If all the three are kept open
men to be employed? [2007-I] simultaneously, when will the tub be full? [2009-I]
(a) 67 (b) 75 (c) 81 (d) 84 (a) 60 min (b) 85 min (c) 90 min (d) 105 min
2. A person can do a job as fast as his two sons working 11. P and Q can do a job in 2 days; Q and R can do it in
together. If one son does the job in 6 days and the other 4 days and P and R in 12/5 days. What is the number
in 12 days, how many days does it take the father to do of days required for P alone to do the job? [2009-II]
the job? [2007-I] (a) 5/2 (b) 3 (c) 14/5 (d) 6
(a) 9 days (b) 6 days (c) 4 days (d) 3 days 12. The mess charges for 35 students for 24 days in `6300.
In how many days will the mess charges be ` 3375 for
3. The ratio of the radii of the taps T1 and T2 is 2:1. Water
25 students? [2009-II]
is flowing through them with the same velocity. What is (a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 18 (d) 21
ratio of the time required to completely fill two identical 13. A person walks a distance in 114 days, when he rests
drums kept under T1 and T2 ? [2007-I] 9h a day. How long will he take to walk twice the
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 distance, if he walks twice as fast and rests twice as long
4. A can finish a work in 8 days and B can do it in 12 days. each day as before? [2009-II]
After A had worked for 3 days, B also joins A to finish (a) 57 days (b) 228 days
the remaining work. In how many days will the remaining (c) 285 days (d) 324 days
work be finished? [2007-II] 14. In an army camp ration is available for 100 soldiers for 10
(a) 2 days (b) 3 days (c) 4 days (d) 5 days days. After 2 days, 60 soldiers joined. Then, for how
5. If 18 men earn ` 1440 in 5 days, how many men can earn many more days will the remaining ration last?[2009-II]
` 1920 in 8 days? [2007-II] (a) 7 days (b) 6 days (c) 5 days (d) 4 days
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 18 1
6. Ram can do a piece of work in 6 days and Shyam can 15. of a work is completed in half a day by 5 persons.
48
finish the same work in 12 days. How much work will be 1
finished, if both work together for 2 days? [2008-I] Then, of the work can be completed by 6 persons
(a) One-fourth of the work 40
in how many days? [2010-I]
(b) One-third of the work
(c) Half of the work 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)
(d) Whole of the work 2
7. If one man or two women or three boys can do a peice 16. If 6 men and 8 boys can do a peice of work in 10 days
of work in 55 days, then one man, one woman and one while 26 men and 48 boys can do the same in 2 days,
boy will do it how many days? [2008-II] what is the time taken by 15 men and 20 boys in doing
(a) 20 days (b) 30 days the same type of work? [2010-I]
(c) 40 days (d) 50 days (a) 4 days (b) 5 days
8. If m men can do a job in p days, then (m+r) men can (c) 6 days (d) 7 days
do the job in how many days? [2008-II] 17. A can do a piece of work in 24 days. If B is 60% more
efficient then A, then how many days does B require to
mp
(a) ( p + r) days (b)
m+r
days do the same work? [2010-II]
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 18
18. Four taps can individually fill a cistern of water in 1h, 2h,
p m+r
(c) days (d) days 3h and 6h , respectively. If all the four taps are opened
m+r p simultaneously, the cistern can be filled in how many
9. A and B can do a piece of work in 8 days, B and C can minutes? [2011-I]
do the same work in 12 days. If A,B and C can complete (a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 35 (d) 40
the same work in 6 days, in how many days can A and 19. X completes a job in 2 days and Y completes it in 3 days
C complete the same work? [2009-I] and Z takes 4 days to complete it. If they work together
(a) 8 days (b) 10 days and get `3900 for the job, then how much amount does
(c) 12 days (d) 16 days Y get? [2011-I]
(a) ` 1800 (b) ` 1200 (c) ` 900 (d) ` 800
 EBD_7336
M-110 Time & Work

20. A garrison of 'n' men had enough food to last for 30 30. A can finish a work in 15 days, B in 20 days and C in
days. After 10 days, 50 more men joined them. If the 25 days. All these three worked together and earned
food now lasted for 16 days, what is the value of n? ` 4700. The share of C is [2014-I]
[2011-I] (a) ` 1200 (b) ` 1500 (c) ` 1800 (d) ` 2000
(a) 200 (b) 240 (c) 280 (d) 320 31. 4 goats or 6 sheeps can graze a field in 50 days. 2 goats
21. Consider the following statements : and 9 sheeps can graze the field in [2014-I]
I. If 18 men can earn ` 1440 in 5 days, then 10 men (a) 100 days (b) 75 days
can earn `1280 in 6 days. (c) 50 days (d) 25 days
II. If 16 men can earn `1120 in 7 days, then 21 men 32. Pipe A can fill a tank in 10 min and pipe B can empty
can earn ` 800 in 4 days. it in 15 min. If both the pipes are opened in an empty
tank, the time taken to make it full is [2014-I]
Which of the above statements is/are correct? [2011-I]
(a) 20 min (b) 25 min
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) 30 min (d) None of these
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 33. X can complete a job in 12 days. If X and Y work
22. 15 men complete a work in 16 days. If 24 men are
employed, then the time required complete that work 2
together, they can complete the job in 6 days. Y alone
will be [2014-I] 3
(a) 7 days (b) 8 days can complete the job in [2014-I]
(c) 10 days (d) 12 days (a) 10 days (b) 12 days
23. A, B and C can do a piece of work individually in 8, 12 (c) 15 days (d) 18 days
and 15 days, respectively. A and B start working but A 34. A mason can build a tank in 12 h. After working for 6
quits after working for 2 days. After this, C joins B till h, hetook the help of a boy and finished the work in
the completion of work. In how many days will the work another 5h. The time that the boy will take alone to
be completed ? [2014-I] complete the work is [2014-I]
(a) 30h (b) 45h (c) 60h (d) 64h
8 6
(a) 5 days (b) 4 days 35. A swimming pool 70m long, 44m wide and 3 m deep
9 7 is filled by water flowing from a pipe at the rate of
7 3 30800 cm3/s. The time taken to fill the swimming pool is
(c) 6 days (d) 3 days [2014-I]
13 4
(a) 71/2 h (b) 80 h
24. A can do a piece of work in 4 days and B can complete
(c) 250/3 h (d) None of these
the same work in 12 days. What is the number of days
36. If 3 men and 4 boys can do a piece of work in 8 days,
required to do the same work together ? [2014-I]
then 6 men and 8 boys can do the same work in
(a) 2 days (b) 3 days (c) 4 days (d) 5 days
[2014-I]
25. A bus starts with some passengers. At the first stop,
(a) 2 days (b) 4 days (c) 6 days (d) 16 days
one–fifth of the passengers gets down and 40
37. X can do a piece of work in 25 days. Y is 25% more
passengers get in. At the second stop, half of the
efficient than X. The number of days taken by Y is
passengers gets down and 30 get in. The number of
[2014-I]
passengers now is 70. The number of passengers with
(a) 15 days (b) 20 days
which the bus started was [2014-I]
(c) 21 days (d) 30 days
(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) 70 38. 45 people take 18 days to dig a pond. If the pond would
26. X can do a work in 16 days. In how many days will the have to be dug in 15 days, then the number of people
work be completed by Y, if the efficiency of Y is 60% to be employed will be [2014-I]
more than of X? [2014-I] (a) 50 (b) 54 (c) 60 (d) 72
(a) 10 days (b) 12 days 39. A and B can do a piece of work in 10 h. B and C can
(c) 25 days (d) 30 days do it in 15 h, while A and C take 12 h to complete the
27. 2 men and 1 woman can complete a piece of work in 14 work. B independently can complete the work in
days, while 4 women and 2 men can do the same work [2014-I]
in 8 days. If a man gets ` 90 per day, what should be (a) 12h (b) 16h (c) 20h (d) 24h
the wages per day of a woman ? [2014-I] 40. There are two taps A and B to fill up a water tank. The
(a) ` 48 (b) ` 60 (c) ` 72 (d) ` 135 tank can be filled in 40 min, if both taps are on. The
28. 18 men can earn ` 360 in 5 days. How much money will same tank can be filled in 60 min, if tap A alone is on.
15 men earn in 9 days ? [2014-I] How much time will tap B alone take, to fill up the same
(a) ` 600 (b) ` 540 (c) ` 480 (d) ` 360 tank? [2014-I]
29. 20 workers working for 5 h per day complete a work in (a) 64 min (b) 80 min (c) 96 min (d) 120 min
10 days. if 25 workers are employed to work 10 h per 41. A stock of food is enough for 240 men for 48 days. How
day, what is the time required to complete the work ? long will the same stock last for 160 men? [2014-I]
[2014-I] (a) 54 days (b) 60 days
(a) 4 days (b) 5 days (c) 6 days (d) 8 days (c) 64 days (d) 72 days
Time & Work M-111

42. A can do a piece of work in 'x' days and B can do the 51. A and B are two taps which can fill a tank individually in
same work 3x days, To fininsh the work together they 10 minutes and 20 minutes respectively. However, there is
take 12 days. What is the value of 'x' [2014-I] a leakage at the bottom, which can empty a filled tank in
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16 40 minutes. If the tank is empty initially, how much time
43. A,B and C can do a peice of work individually in 8, 10 will both the taps take to fill the tank with leakage ?
and 15 days, respectively. A and B start working but A [2015-II]
quits after working for 2 days. After this, C joins B till (a) 2 minutes (b) 4 minutes
the completion of work. In how many days will the work (c) 5 minutes (d) 8 minutes
be completed? [2014-I] 52. If 4 men working 4 hours per day for 4 days complete 4
(a) 53/9 days (b) 34/7 days units of work, then how many units of work will be completed
(c) 85/13 days (d) 53/10 days by 2 men working for 2 hours per day in 2 days ?
44. 76 ladies complete a job in 33 days. Due to some reason [2015-II]
some ladies did not join the work and therefore, it was 1 1
completed in 44 days. The number of ladies who did not (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (d) .
2 8
report for the work is [2014-I] 53. If m persons can paint a house in d days, how many days
(a) 17 (b) 18 will it take for (m +2) persons to paint the same house?
(c) 19 (d) 20 [2015-II]
45. How many men will be required to plough 100 acres of (a) md + 2 (b) md – 2
land in 10 days, if 10 men require 8 days to plough 20
m+2 md
acres of land? [2014-I] (c) (d)
(a) 30 (b) 40 md m+2
(c) 50 (d) 60 54. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 60 minutes and 75
minutes respectively. There is also an outlet C. If A, B and
46. Pipe A can fill a tank in 3 h but there is a leakage also,
due to which it takes 3.5 h for the tank to be filled. How C are opened together, the tank is full in 50 minutes. How
much time will the leakage take in emptying the tank, if much time will be taken by C to empty the full tank?
the tank is filled initially? [2014-II] [2016-I]
(a) 100 minutes (b) 110 minutes
(a) 21 h (b) 20 h
(c) 120 minutes (d) 125 minutes
(c) 18 h (d) 10.5 h 55. A can do 50% more work than B in the same time. B alone
47. A, B and C can do a piece of work individually in 8, 12 can do a piece of work in 30 hours. B starts working and
and 15 days, respectively. A and B start working had already worked for 12 hours when A joins him. How
together but A quits after working for 2 days. After this, many hours should B and A work together to complete
C joins and works till completion of the work. In how the remaining work ? [2016-II]
many days, will the work be completed ? [2014-II] (a) 6 hours (b) 12 hours
8 8 (c) 4.8 hours (d) 7.2 hours
(a) 3 days (b) 5 days 56. A tank can be filled by pipe X in 2 hours and pipe Y in 6
9 9
hours. At 10 am. pipe X was opened. At what time will the
2 1 tank be filled if pipe Y is opened at 11 am. ? [2016-II]
(c) 5 days (d) 6 days (a) 12:45 hours (b) 5:00 pm.
3 18
48. A is thrice as efficient as B and hence completes a work (c) 11: 45 a.m. (d) 11:50 am.
in 40 days less than the number of days taken by B. 57. If 15 men take 21 days of 8 hours each to do a piece of
What will be the number of days taken by both of them work, then what is the number of days of 6 hours each
when working together ? [2014-II] that 21 women would take, if 3 women would do as much
(a) 22.5 days (b) 15 days work as 2 men ? [2017-I]
(c) 20 days (d) 18 days (a) 18 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 30
58. A and B working together can finish a piece of work in 12
49. If 10 persons can dig 8 ft trench in 12 days, then how
days while B alone can finish it in 30 days. In how many
many days will 8 persons take to dig 6 ft trench ?
days can A alone finish the work? [2017-I]
[2014-II] (a) 18 days (b) 20 days
(a) 10 days (b) 10.25 days (c) 24 days (d) 25 days
(c) 11 days (d) 11.25 days 59. If 5 men can do a piece of work in 10 days and 12 women
50. The efficiency of P is twice that of Q, whereas the can do the same work in 15 days, the number of days
efficiency of P and Q together is three times that of R. required to complete the work by 5 men and 6 women is
If P, Q and R work together on a job, in what ratio [2017-I]
should they share their earnings? [2015-I] 1
(a) 2 : 1 : 1 (b) 4 : 2 : 1 (a) 7 days (b) 8 days
2
(c) 4 : 3 : 2 (d) 4 : 2 : 3 1
(c) 9 days (d) 12 days
2
 EBD_7336
M-112 Time & Work

60. 30 men can complete a job in 40 days. However, after 24 1 1

days some men out of the assigned 30 left the job. The (a) 3 days (b) 4 days
2 6
remaining people took another 40 days to complete the 1 1
job. The number of men who left the job is [2017-II] (c) 5 days (d) 6 days
(a) 24 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 6 2 4
61. 4 goats or 6 sheep can graze a field in 50 days. 2 goats and 68. ‘A’ is thrice as good a workman as ‘B’ and takes 10 days
less to do a piece of work than ‘B’ takes. The number of
3 sheep will graze it in [2017-II]
days taken by ‘B’ alone to finish the work is [2018-II]
(a) 200 days (b) 150 days
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 30
(c) 100 days (d) 50 days 69. Twelve (12) men work 8 hours per day and require 10
62. A tap can fill a tub in 10 hours. After opening the tap for days to build a wall. If 8 men are available, how many
5 hours it was found that a small outlet at the bottom of hours per day must they work to finish the work in 8
the tub was open and water was leaking through it. It was days? [2018-II]
then immediately closed. It took 7 hours to fill the tub (a) 10 hours (b) 12 hours
after closing the outlet. What time will be taken by the (c) 15 hours (d) 18 hours
outlet to empty the full tub of water? [2017-II] 70. X and Y together can finish a job in 6 days. X can alone
(a) 35 hours (b) 25 hours do the same job in 12 days. How long will Y alone take to
(c) 20 hours (d) 17 hours do the same job? [2018-II]
63. A work when done by 10 women is completed in 12 days. (a) 16 days (b) 12 days
The same work can be completed in 8 days when done by (c) 10 days (d) 8 days
5 men. How many days will it take to completed when 6 71. Twelve (12) persons can paint 10 identical rooms in 16
women and 3 men are employed to perform the same job? days. In how many days can 8 persons paint 20 such rooms?
[2018-I] [2018-II]
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 5 (a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 48
64. A man undertakes to do a certain work in 150 days. He 72. A field can be reaped by 12 men or 18 women in 14 days.
employs 200 men. He finds that only a quarter of the work In how many days can 8 men and 16 women reap it ?
is done in 50 days. How many additional men should he [2019-I]
employ so that the whole work is finished in time? (a) 26 days (b) 24 days (c) 9 days (d) 8 days
[2018-I] 73. Tushar takes 6 hours to complete a piece of work, while
Amar completes the same work in 10 hours. If both of
(a) 75 (b) 85 (c) 100 (d) 120
them work together, then what is the time required to
65. If 5 tractors can plough 5 hectares of land in 5 days, then complete the work ? [2019-I]
what is the number of tractors required to plough 100 (a) 3 hours (b) 3 hours 15 minutes
hectares in 50 days? [2018-I] (c) 3 hours 30 minutes (d) 3 hours 45 minutes
(a) 100 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 5 74. If the ratio of the work done by (x + 2) workers in (x – 3)
66. A water tank has been fitted with two taps P and Q and a days to the work done by (x + 4) workers in (x - 2) days is
drain pipe R. Taps P and Q fill at the rate of 12 litres per 3 : 4, then what is the value of x ? [2019-II]
minute and 10 litres per minute respectively. (a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 15
Consider the following statements S1, S2 and S3 : 75. Two taps X and Y are fixed to a water tank. If only X is
S1 : Pipe R drains out at the rate of 6 litres per minute. opened, it drains out the full tank of water in 20 minutes. It
both X and Y are opened, then they drain out the full tank
S2 : If both the taps and the drain pipe are opened
of water in 15 minutes. If only Y is opened, how long does
simultaneously, then the tank is filled in 5 hours it take to drain out the full tank of water ? [2019-II]
45 minutes. (a) 30 minutes (b) 45 minutes
S3 : Pipe R drains out (fully) the filled tank in 15 hours (c) 60 minutes (d) 90 minutes
20 minutes. 76. A stock of food grains is enough for 240 men for 48 days.
To know what is the capacity of the tank, which one of How long will the same stock last for 160 men ? [2019-II]
the following is correct? [2018-I] (a) 72 days (b) 64 days (c) 60 days (d) 54 days
(a) S2 is only sufficient 77. If 6 men and 8 women can do a piece of work in 10 days;
(b) S1, S2 and S3 are necessary and 13 men and 24 women can do the same work in
(c) Any two out of S1, S2 and S3 are sufficient 4 days, then what is the ratio of daily work done by a man
(d) None of the above to that of a woman ? [2020-I]
67. Two workers ‘A’ and ‘B’ working together completed a (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 4
job in 5 days. Had ‘A’ worked twice as efficienctly as he 78. In a water tank there are two outlets. It takes 20 minutes to
actually did and ‘B’ worked one-third as efficiently as he empty the tank if both the outlets are opened. If the first
actually did, the work would have completed in 3 days. outlet is opened, the tank is emptied in 30 minutes. What
In how many days could ‘A’ alone complete the job? is the time taken to empty the tank by second outlet ?
[2018-II] [2020-I]
(a) 30 minutes (b) 40 minutes
(c) 50 minutes (d) 60 minutes
Time & Work M-113

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Let the number of men be n? 18 ´ 5 m2 ´ 8
Men Days Þ =
1440 1920
42 25
n¯ 14 ­
1920 ´18 ´ 5
n 25 \ m2 = = 15
\ = Þ n = 75 8 ´ 1440
42 14
1
1 6. (c) \ One day's work of Ram =
2. (c) One day's work of first son = 6
6
1
1 \ One day's work of Shyam =
One day's work of second son = 12
12 One day's work together, Ram and Shyam
\ One day's work of them working together
1 1 2 +1 3 1
1 1 2 +1 1 = + = = =
= + = = 6 12 12 12 4
6 12 12 4
father will finish the work in 4 days. 1
\ Two day's work together = (half of the work)
2
T1 2
3. (d) Given that, T = 1 7. (b) 1 man = 2 women = 3 boys
2 \ 1 man + 1 woman + 1 boy
Area of first drum p r2 4 3
\ = 1 = = 3 boys + boys + 1 boy
Area of sec ond drum p r22 1 2

time taken will be inversely proportional to the \ Boys Days

area 3 55
11 x
1
then required time ratio = = 1: 4 2
4
M1D1 = M 2 D2
1
4. (b) Work of A in one day = th part
8 11
Þ 3 ´ 55 = ´ D2
2
1
Work of B in one day = th part
12 3 ´ 55 ´ 2
D2 = = 30 days
11
3
3 days work of A = th part 8. (b) Men Days
8
m
3 5
Remaining work of A = 1 - = th part
8 8 ­ p
(m+r ) x¯
1 1
Together one day's work of A and B = + x m
8 12 \ =
p m+r
3+ 2 5
= = mp
24 24 Þx= days
m+r
\ Number of days to finish the work
1
5 5 9. (a) A's and B's one day work =
= ¸ = 3 days 8
8 24
5. (c) According to the formula 1
B's and C's one day work =
M1D1 M 2 D2 12
=
Wa1 Wa2
 EBD_7336
M-114 Time & Work

14. (c) Soldiers Days

1
A's, B's and C's one day work = 100
­ 8
6 160 x¯

1 1 1 1 160 8
B's one day work = + - = Þ =
8 12 6 24 100 x
1 1 3 1 8 ´ 100
A's and C's one day work = - = = \x = = 5 d a ys
6 24 24 8 160
A and C can do the work in 8 days. 1
5´
1 1 1 15. (d) Q
M 1D1 M 2 D2
= Þ 2 = 6 ´ D2
10. (d) Net filling in 1 min = + - W1 W2 1 1
5 7 3
48 40
21 + 15 - 35 1
= = 1
105 105 ´ 5 ´ 48
1
the tub will be full in 105 min. Þ D2 = 2 =
40 ´ 6 2
1 16. (a) 6M + 8B = 10 days ...(i)
11. (b) P's and Q's 1 day work = 26M + 48B = 2 days ... (ii)
2
15M + 20 B = ?
1 By to formula Þ 20B = 10 days
Q's and R's 1 day work =
4 M1 D1 = M2 D2 Þ (6M + 8B) × 10 = (26M + 48B) × 2
5 Þ 60M + 80B = 52M + 96B Þ 8M = 16B
P's and R's 1 day work =
12 M = 2B
1 1 5 Now in eq. (i), put M = 2B
Þ Now, ( P + Q ) + ( Q + R ) + ( P + R ) = + + 6 × 2B + 8B = 10 days
2 4 12 12B + 8B = 10 days
6+ 3+ 5 14 Again
Þ 2 P + 2Q + 2 R = Þ 2( P + Q + R) =
12 12 15M + 20B = 15 × 2B + 20B = 30B + 20B = 50B
From formula, M1 D1 = M2 D2
14 7
P + Q + R work in one day = = Þ 20 × 10 = 50 × D2
24 12
20 ´10
1 D2 = = D2 = 4 days .
Q + R work in one day = 50
4
17. (b) + 60%)x B
A (uuuuuuuuu
7 1 7-3 4 1 100 160
P alone work in one day = - = = =
12 4 12 12 3 efficiency is proportional to the number of days
P's can do alone in 3 days. Þ n1D1 = n2 D2 Þ 100 ´ 24 = 160 ´ D 2
12. (c) From formula
100 ´ 24
M1 D1 M 2 D2 35 ´ 24 M 2 ´ 25 \ D2 = = 15days
= Þ = 160
W1 W2 6300 3375
1 6
18. (b) Required time = =
35 ´ 24 ´ 3375 1 1 1 1 6 + 3 + 2 +1
\ M2 = = 18 + + +
6300 ´ 25 1 2 3 6
13. (c) Distance Speed Hour/Day Speed
6 6
1
¯ 1
­ 15 114 = h = ´ 60 min = 30 min
2 2 6 ­ x ¯ 12 12
1: 2 ü 1 1 1
ï 19. (b) Ratio of work done by X,Y and Z = : :
2 :1 ý114 : x 2 3 4
6 :15ïþ =6:4:3
ratio in their amount = 6 : 4 : 3
\1 ´ 2 ´ 6 ´ x = 2 ´ 1 ´ 15 ´ 114
4
2 ´ 15 ´114 \ Part of Y = 6 + 4 + 3 ´ 3900 = ` 1200
Þx= = 285 days
2´6
Time & Work M-115

20. (a) M1 = n, d1 = 30 –10 = 20, M2 = (50 + n) d2

1 1 5
= 16 23. (c) Work done by A and B in 1 day = + =
By formula, 8 12 24
M1d1 = M2d2 10
2 days work of A and B =
Þ n ´ 20 = ( n + 50 ) ´16 24
After 2 days A left the work.
Þ 20n = 16n + 800
10 14
Þ 4n = 800 \ Remaining work = 1 - =
24 24
Þ n = 200
1 1 9
21. (d) From statement I work of B and C together = + =
12 15 60
M 1d1 M 2 d 2 the number of days required by B and C to finish
=
Wa1 Wa 2 work
Here M1 = 18, d1 = 5 Wa1 = 1440 14
24 = 14 ´ 60 = 35
M2 = 10, d2 = 6, Wa2 = ? = 9 24 9 9
18 ´ 5 10 ´ 6 60
Þ =
1440 Wa2 \ Total days to complete the work
35 53 8
10 ´ 6 ´ 1440 =2+ = = 5 days
Þ Wa2 = = ` 960 9 9 9
18 ´ 5
1
But Wa2 is given as 1280 so it is not correct. 24. (b) A's one day work =
From statement II 4

M 1d1 M 2 d 2 1
= B's one day work =
Wa1 Wa 2 12
Here M1= 16, d1 =7, Wa1 = 1120 1 1
One day work of A and B together = +
M2 = 21, d2 = 4, Wa2 = ? 4 12
16 ´ 7 3+1 4 1
Þ = = =
1120 12 12 3
No. of days together = 3 days.
21´ 4
= W 25. (b) Let bus starts with x number of passengers.
a2 After 1st stoppage, number of passengers
21 ´ 4 ´1120 x 5x - x + 200
Wa2 = = 3 ´ 280 = x- + 40 =
16 ´ 7 5 5
= ` 840 4 x + 200
Now, Wa2 = ` 800 =
5
So both statements are not correct.
22. (c) According to the formula, After 2nd stoppage, number of passengers
4 x + 200 4 x + 200
M1D1 M 2 D2 = - + 30
= 5 5´2
W1 W2
Here, M1 = 15, D1 = 16, W1 = W2 = 1 4 x + 200 4 x + 200
Þ - + 30 = 70
M2 = 24 and D2 = ? 5 10
15 ´16 24 ´ D2 4 x + 200 æ 1 ö
Þ = Þ çè1 - ÷ø + 30 = 70
1 1 5 2
15 ´ 16 4 x + 200 æ 2 - 1ö
D2 = = 10 Þ ç ÷ = 40
24 10 è 2 ø
10 days are required to complete the work.
 EBD_7336
M-116 Time & Work

4 x + 200 1 1 1 1
Þ ´ = 40 = + +
5 2 15 20 25
4 x + 200 20 + 15 + 12 47
Þ = 40 = =
10 300 300
Þ 4x + 200 = 400 Þ 4x = 200 time taken to complete work by A, B and C
200 300
\x= = 50 working together =
4 47
26. (a) Efficiency is proportional to days 1 300
Y \ Share of C = ´ ´ 4700 = ` 1200
X ( +60%) 25 47
100 ¾¾¾¾ ®160
31. (d) Given that
Þ 100 × 16 = 160 × D
3
100 ´ 16 1 Goats = sheeps.
\D= = 10 days 2
160
Now, 2 goats + 9 sheeps
27. (b) M1D1 = M2D2
3
Þ ( 2 M+1W ) ´14 = ( 4 W+ 2 M ) ´ 8 = 2 ´ sheeps + 9 sheeps = 12 sheeps
2
Þ 28 M+14 W = 32 W+16 M Here M1D1 = M2 D2
Þ 12 M = 18 W Þ 6 ´ 50 = 12 ´ D2
M 18 3 D2 = 25 days
= =
W 12 2 1
32. (c) Part filled by pipe A in 1 min =
Now, a man gets ` 90 per day 10
2 1
\ 1 woman wages = × (wages of 1 man) Part empty by pipe B in 1 min =
3 15
2 \ Total tank filled in minutes
= × 90 = ` 60. 1 1 3- 2 1
3 = - - =
10 15 30 30
M1D1 M 2 D2 Hence, the tank will be filled in 30 min.
28. (b) =
W1 W2
1
Þ Here M1 = 18, D1 = 5, W1 = ` 360 33. (c) X's one day's work =
12
M2 = 15, D2 = 9, W2 = ?
3
Þ 18 × 5 × W2 = 15 × 9 × 360 ( X + Y ) ' s one day's work = 20
15 ´ 9 ´ 360
\ W2 = = ` 540 3 1 4 1
18 ´ 5 \ Y's one day's work = - = =
20 12 60 15
29. (a) M1D1T1 = M2D2T2
\ Number of day's taken by Y = 15 days
Here M1 = 201, D1 = 101T1 = 5h, M2 = 25, D2
1
= ?, T2 = 10 h 34. (c) Mason work for 1h=
12
Þ 20 × 10 × 5 = 25 × D2 × 10
6 1
20 ´ 10 ´ 5 Mason work for 6h = =
\ D2 = = 4 days 12 2
25 ´ 10
1 1
1 Work left = 1 - =
30. (a) A's one day work = 2 2
15 Let the boy can finish the work in x h
1
B's one day work = 1 1 x + 12
20 Then, thier 1 h work = + =
12 x 12x
1
C's one day work = x + 12 1
25 \ ´5 =
A, B and C worked together one day work 12 x 2
 Time & Work M-117

5 x + 60 1 1 1 1
Þ = = ´ =
12 x 2 2 4 8
Þ Þ 10 x + 120 = 12 x 1 1 1
Þ Þ 120 = 2x B's work in 1 h = - =
8 12 24
Þ Þ x = 60 h B can complete the work in 24 h
35. (c) Required time taken to fill the pool 40. (d) Work done by tap B in 1 min
Volume of the pool 1 1 3- 2 1
= - = =
= Part of pool filled in1s 40 60 120 120
Total time taken by the tap B to fill the tank is 120 min.
70 ´ 44 ´ 3 ´ 100 ´ 100 ´ 100
=
30800
s 240 ´ 48
41. (d) Required days =
160
250 = 72 days
= 300000 s = h
3
1
36. (b) 3 men + 4 boys = 8 days, 6 men + 8 boys = ? 42. (d) 1 day work of A =
x
By formula, M1D1 = M 2 D2
1
Þ Þ ( 3M + 4 B ) ´ 8 = ( 6 M + 8 B ) ´ D2 1 day work of B =
3x
Þ Þ ( 3M + 4 B ) ´ 8 = 2 ( 3M + 4 B ) ´ D2 1 1 4
Both A and B days work = + =
( 3M + 4 B ) ´ 8 x 3x 3x
\ Þ D2 = = 4 days
2 ´ ( 3M + 4 B ) 1
Work of both A and B =
37. (b) X Y 12
100 (uuuuuuuuu
+ 25%r)125 efficiency is proportional to days 4 1
Þ Þ = Þ 3 x = 48
3 x 12
Þ Þ 100 ´ 25 = 125 ´ Days
\ \ x = 16
100 ´ 25
\ Days of Y = 125 = 20 days. 1
43. (d) A work in one day =
8
38. (b) M1 = 45, D1 = 18
1
Here, M 2 = x, D2 = 15 B work in one day =
10
By the formula, M1D1 = M 2 D2 1
C work in one day =
M1 D1 15
\ \ M2 =
D2 1 1 5+ 4 9
A+B work in one day = + = =
8 10 40 40
45 ´18
Þ Þ x= = 3 ´ 18 = 54 2´9 9
15 A+B work in two day = =
40 20
1
39. (d) A's and B's 1 h work = 9 11
10 Remaining work 1 - =
20 20
1 1 1 3+ 2 5 1
B's and C's 1 h work = B + C work in one day = + = = =
15 10 15 30 30 6
1 So, ( B + C ) a work together in 6 days.
A's and C's 1 h work =
12
11 11 11´ 3 33
\ A ' s, B ' s and C ' s 1h work \ work together = 6 ´ = = days
20 20 10 10
1æ 1 1 1 ö Q Total number of days =
= ç + + ÷
2 è 10 15 12 ø 33 20 + 33 53
2+ = = days
10 10 10
 EBD_7336
M-118 Time & Work

44. (c) Here M1D1 = M2 D2 1 1 5+4 3

M1 = 76 Ladies, M2 = x Let = + = =
12 15 60 20
D1 = 33 days D2 = 44 days
7 20 35 8
Þ 76 ´ 33 = x ´ 44 (B + C) Complete in days = ´ = = 3 days
12 3 9 9
\x = 57 days A worked for 2 days.
no. of ladies who did not Report 8
So A, B, C all 3 completed work in 2 + 3
for work = 76 – 57 = 19. 9
45. (b) Here, M1 = 10, D1 = 8,W1 = 20
8
=5 days
M 2 = x ( let ) , D2 = 10, W2 = 100 9
48. (b) Let efficiency of B is x
M D M D
Q 1 1= 2 2
W1 W2
x 3x
10 ´ 8 x ´10 Days
\ = Þ x = 8 ´ 5 = 40
20 100
A B
7 3x x Efficiency
46. (a) Time taken by pipe A = 3h (–6) 21 Days are inversaly proportional to efficiency.
According to question
35 æ 7 ö Þ 3x – x = 40
Due to leakage, time taken = 3.5 = = ç– ÷ Þ 2x = 40
10 è 2 ø
\ x = 20
7 Time taken by A = x days = 20 days
Here LCM of 3 and is 21 Time taken by B = 3x days = 3 × 20 = 60 days
2
Here 21 is full capacity of tank 20 ´ 60
Time taken by A and B together =
then due to leakage in 1 h tank filled by A = (7–6) 80
= 1l. = 15 days
49. (d) We know that
leakage takes 21 h
47. (b) A = 8 M1D1 M2D2
=
B = 12 W1 W2
Here given M1 = 10, W1 = 8, D1 = 12
8 M2 = 8, W2 = 6, D2 = ?
12 120
C = 15 15 10 ´12 8´ D2
Þ =
8 6
Þ D2 = 11.25 days
Here, 120 is total work 50. (a) Earning of man is directly proportinonal to their
income
1 1 5 P Q P+Q R
(A + B) starts together in 1 day work = + =
8 12 24 2 : 1 3 : 1
Q : R
5 5
2 days work of (A + B) = ´2 = 1 1
24 12
Ratio of efficiency = 2 : 1 : 1
5 7
Remaining work = 1- = 51. (d) In 1 minute all the taps will fill the part of the tank
12 12
Now, (B + C) work together in 1 day 1 1 1
= + -
10 20 40
Time & Work M-119

4 + 2 -1 5 1 é1 1ù 12
= = = x ê + ú = 1-
40 40 8 ë 20 30 û 30
1 é 5 ù 18
8
th part of tank will fill in 1 minute xê ú =
ë 60 û 30
Full tank will fill in 1 × 8 = 8 minutes x = 7.2 hrs
So, option (d) is correct. 56. (c) X fill in 2 hr, y in 6 hr
M1D1H1 M 2D2 H 2 ATQ
52. (c) =
W1 W2 x x -1
+ =1
2 6
4´4´4 2´2´2 1
= Þ W = unit 3x + x – 1 = 6
9 W 2
4x = 7
So, option (c) is correct.
53. (d) M1D1 = M2D2 7 3
x= or 1 hr ´ 60 min
(m) (d) = (m + 2)D2 4 4
= 1 hr 45 min
md
D2 = tank will be filled by 11 : 45 am
m+2 57. (d) Given 3w = 2M
So, option (d) is correct.
2M
54. (a) Let pipes A, B, C fill a tank in x, y and z hrs. w=
respectively. 3
M1d1h1 = M2d2h 2
Then x = 60 min, y = 75 min, z = z min
Required time to fill the tank = 50 min. æ2ö
15 × 21 × 8 = 21ç ÷ ´ 6 ´ d
è3ø
xyz
But Required time = 15 ´ 21´ 8 ´ 3
yz + zx - xy
d=
21 ´ 2 ´ 6
60 ´ 75 ´ z d = 30 days
50 =
75z + 60z - 60 ´ 75 58. (b) A and B together can do in = 12 days
B alone can do in = 30 days
450z A can do in
Þ 5=
135z - 4500
1 1 3 1
= - = = i.e. 20 days
Þ 5(135z – 4500) = 450z 12 30 60 20
Þ 675z – 4500 × 5 = 450 z 59. (a) 5 Men can do work in 10 days, 1 man will do in 10 ×
Þ 675z – 450z = 4500 × 5 5. 12 women can do work in 15 days, 1 women will
do in 12 × 15
4500 ´ 5 ATQ. 5 men and 6 women will do in
Þ z= = 100
225
5 6
\ Option (a) is correct. Þ +
10 ´ 5 12 ´15
efficiency of A 150 1 1 4
55. (d) = Þ + =
efficiency of B 100 10 30 30
Time taken by A 100 2 15 1
= i.e. or 7 days
Time taken by B 150 15 2 2
60. (b) If M1 men can do W1 work in D1 days and M2 men
A 100 can do W2 work in D2 days (where all men work at
=
30 150
M 1D1 M 2 D2
A = 20 days the same rate), then = .
ATQ W1 W2

x 12 x Therefore, here, according to the question, M1= 30,

+ + =1
A B B
 EBD_7336
M-120 Time & Work

16 1
D1= 40, W1 = 1, M2 = x, D2 = 40, W2 = 64. (c) M1 = 200 D1 = 50 w1 =
40 4
Thus, 1 3
M2 = 200 + x D2 = 100 w2= 1 - =
M1 D1 M 2 D2 30 ´ 40 x ´ 40 4 4
= Þ = Þ 1200
W1 W2 1 16 M1D1 w
40 = 1
M 2 D2 w 2
40 x ´ 40 1200 ´ 16
= Þx= = 12 1
16 40 ´ 40
200 ´ 50
Thus, the number of men who left the job are (30 – = 4
12) i.e. 18 men. ( 200 + x )100 3
4
æ AND ö
61. (d) Using the formula, ç x = given number of
è OR ÷ø 100
=
1
\ 200 + x = 300
200 + x 3
days, where x is the number of days we have to di-
\ x = 300 – 200 = 100
vide.
Hence, additional number of men = 100
Thus,
65. (c) M1 = 5 D1 = 5 W1 = 5
æ AND ö æ 2 3ö M2 = x D2 = 50 W2 = 100
çè ÷ø x = 50 Þ çè + ÷ø x = 50
OR 4 6 M1D1 W
= 1
M 2 D2 W2
æ 1 1ö
Þ ç + ÷ x = 50 Þ x = 50
è 2 2ø 5´5 5
Þ = Þ x = 10
62. (b) Let us assume the capacity of the tub is 100L. x ´ 50 100
It is given that a tap can fill 100L in 10 hrs. Hence, required number of tractors is 10.
This means, in 1 hr. a tap can fill only 10L. 66. (c) From S1 and S2
Therefore, in 7 hrs. a tap can fill only 70L. volume of water filled in 1 minute by all three pipes
This means in 5 hrs. a tap fills only 30L but actually together = 12 + 10 – 6 = 16 ltrs
the tap should fill 50L in 5 hrs. Total time = 5 hrs 45 minutes = 5 × 60 + 45
This means, there is a leakage of 20L which has a = 345 minutes
duration of 5 hrs. Capacity of tank = 345 × 16 = 5520 ltrs
If 20L of water is leaked in 5 hrs., then 1L water is From S1 and S3
5 1 Water drained by pipe in 1 minute = 6 ltrs
leaked in = hrs.
20 4 Total time = 15 hrs 20 minutes = 15 × 60 + 20
= 920 minutes
1
This means 100L water is leaked in ´ 100 = 25 hrs. Capacity of tank = 920 × 6 = 5520 ltrs
4
From S2 and S3
63. (c) M1 = 10 D1 = 12 Time required for all three pipes = 5 hrs 45 minutes =
M2 = 5 D2 = 8 345 minutes
10 women × 12 = 5 men × 8
Time required for drain pipe = 15 hrs 20 minutes
120 = 920 minutes
1 man = women = 3 women
40 Capacity of tank = 920 × 6 = 5520 ltrs.
Now From S2 and S3
6 women + 3 men = 6 women + 3 × 3 women = 15 Time required for all there pipees = 5hrs 45 minutes
women = 345 min.
\ 15 women × No. of days = 10 women × 12 days Time required for drain pipe = 15 hrs 20 minutes
10 women ´ 12 days = 920 minutes
\ Required no. of days = 15 women Time required for first and second pipe
= 8 days
Time & Work M-121

1 P1 ´ t 2 P2 ´ t 2 12 ´ 16 8 ´ t 2
71. (d) = =
1 8 + 3 = 2760 minutes W1 W2 ; 10 20
= t2 = 48 days
=
= 1 1 2760 11
+ 72. (c) 12 men = 18 women
345 920 \ 1men = 18/12 = 1.5 women
8 men + 16 women = 12 women + 16 women = 28
2760
Capacity of the tank = ´ 22 = 5520 ltrs women 18 women completes in 14 days
11 1 woman completes in 14 × 18 days
Hence, any two out of S1, S2 and S3 are sufficient. 28 women completes in (14 × 18)/28 days = 9 days
67. (d) Let A and B complete the work in x and y days, then, 73. (d) Let both of then take x hours working together
1 1 1 1/x = 1/10 + 1/6 = 8/30
+ = ...(i) x = 30/8 hours = 3 hours 45 minutes
x y 5
(x + 2)(x – 3) x 2 – x – 6 3
2 1 1 74. (b) =
and, + = ...(ii) (x + 4)(x – 2) x 2 + 2x – 8 = 4
x 3y 3
Þ 4x2 – 4x –24 = 3x2 + 6x – 24
From equation (i) and (ii), we have
Þ x2 – 10x = 0 Þ x = 0, 10
1 2 1 1 1 - 6 1- 5 25 1 75. (c) x drain full tank of water in 20 minutes
- = - Þ = ;x= = 6 days
3x x 15 3 3x 15 4 4 x and y drain full tank of water 15 minutes
68. (b) Efficiency 3 : 1 L.C.M 20 and 15 is 60
x
×5 3
Time taken 1 : 3 15 days
60
×5 3–1=2 10 days
xy 4
5 days total capacity of tank is 60 unit
Thus, time taken by B is 15 days y drain full tank of water in one minutes
69. (c) Using formula, = (4 –3) unit = 1 unit.
\ time taken to drain full tank when only y is opened.
M1D1H1 M 2 D2 H 2
= = 60 × 1 = 60 minutes
W1 W2 76. (a) Required number of days.
Here work done is same in both cases. 240 ´ 48
= = 72 days
12 ´ 10 ´ 8 160
12 × 10 × 8 = 8 × 8 × H2 ; H2 =
8´8 77. (a) (6M + 8W) 10 = (13M +24W)4
Þ H2 = 15 hours 60M + 80W = 52M + 96W
70. (b) Let x and y finish the job in A and B days 8M = 16W
\ M: W= 2: 1
1 1 1 1 1 78. (d) Time taken to empty the tank by second oulet
+ = and = (given)
A B 6 A 12
1 1
=
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 –1 1 = ç – ÷ 1 = 60 minutes.
æ 1 1 ö
\ + = Þ = – = =
12 B 6 B 6 12 2 12 è 20 30 ø 60
So, B = 12
Hence, y alone can finish the job in 12 days
 EBD_7336
M-122 Logarithm

CHAPTER

Logarithm
12
1. What is the value of 10. What is the logarithm of 0.0001 with respect to base 10?
[2012-I]
æ öæ öæ
ö æ ö (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) –4 (d) –3
ç log 1 2 ÷ ç log 1 3 ÷ ç log 1
4 ÷ ..... ç log 1 1000 ÷ ?
ç ÷ç ÷ç
÷ ç ÷ 11. If log10 a = p and log10 b = q, then what is the value
è 2 øè 3 øè ø è 1000
4 ø of log10(appq)? [2012-II]
[2007-I]
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 1 or –1 (d) 0 p2
2. What is the value of log100 0.1? [2008-II] (a) p2 + q2 (b) p2 – q2 (c) p2 q2 (d)
q2
1 1
(a) (b) – (c) –2 (d) 2 1
2 2 12. The value of log10 3125 – 4log10 2 + log10 32 is
3. What is the value of 5
[2016-I]
æ5ö æ 128 ö æ5ö (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2 log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ ? [2009-I]
13. What is the solution of
è8ø è 125 ø è 2ø
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5 1
-
é ì -1 ü-1 ù 2
4.
ærö
If log r 6 = m and logr 3 = n, then what is log r ç ÷
è 2ø êë î
( )
log10 ê1 - í1 - 1 - x 2 ý ú = 1 ?
þ úû
[2016-II]

equal to? [2009-I] (a) x =100 (b) x =10 (c) x =1 (d) x = 0

(a) m – n + 1 (b) m + n – 1
x
(c) 1 – m – n (d) 1 – m + n
14. What are the roots of the equation 2x + 2.27 x -1 = 9 ?
éë log13 (10 )ùû [2016-II]
5. What is the value of ? [2009-II]
éëlog169 (10 )ùû æ3ö æ2ö
(a) 2,1 – log ç ÷ (b) 2, 1– log çè 3 ÷ø
è2ø
1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) log10 13 æ log 2 ö
2 æ3ö
(c) -2,1 - log ç ÷ (d) -2,1 ç ÷
è2ø è log 3 ø
6. What is the value of
15. The number of digits in 330 is n and it is given that log10
3 = 0.4771. What is the value of n ? [2016-II]
æ1 ö (a) 13 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 16
ç log10 125 – 2 log10 4 + log10 32 + log10 1 ÷ ? [2010-II]
è3 ø 16. What is the number of digits in 240 ?
(Given that log10 2 = 0.301) [2017-I]
1 2 (a) 14 (b) 13 (c) 12 (d) 11
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d)
5 5
æ 10 ö
1 17. What is the solution of the equation x log10 ç ÷ + log10
7. What is the value of log10 25 – 2log10 3 + log10 18 è 3ø
2 3 = log10 (2 + 3x) + x ? [2017-I]
[2012-I] (a) 10 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0 18. Let P, Q, R be the mid-points of sides AB, BC, CA
8. What is the value of [log10 (5 log10 100)]2 ? [2011-I] respectively of a triangle ABC. If the area of the triangle
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 ABC is 5 square units, then the area of the triangle PQR is
[2017-I]
What is log10 æç ö÷ + log10 æç 4 ö÷ + log10 æç 5 ö÷ + ..... upto
3
9. 5 5
è 2ø è 3ø è 4ø (a) square units (b) square units
8 terms equal to? [2011-II] 3 2 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 5
(c) log10 5 (d) None of these (c) square units (d) 1 square unit
4
Logarithm M-123

19. If log10 6 = 0.7782 and log10 8 = 0.9031, then what is the 25. The sides of a triangle are 30 cm, 28 cm and 16 cm
value of log10 8000 + log10 600? [2017-II] respectively. In order to determine its area, the logarithm
(a) 4.6813 (b) 5.5813 (c) 1.5813 (d) 6.6813 of which of the quantities are required ? [2019-II]
20. For 0 < m < 1, which one of the following is correct? (a) 37, 11, 28, 16 (b) 21, 30, 28, 7
[2018-I] (c) 37, 21, 11, 9 (d) 37, 21, 9, 7
2
(a) log10 m < m < m < m –1
26. If log 10 1995 = 3.3000, then what is the value of
(b) m < m–1 < m2 < log10 m 1
(c) log10 m < m < m–1 < m2 (0.001995) 8 ? [2019-II]
(d) log10 m < m–1 < m < m2
21. If log102 = 0.3010 and log103 = 0.4771, then the vlaue of 1 1
(a) 0.3475
(b) 0.3375
log100(0.72) is equal to [2018-II] 10 10
1 1
(a) 0.9286 (b) 1 .9286 (c) (d)
10 0.3275 10 0.3735
(c) 1.8572 (d) 1 .8572 27. Let XYZ be an equilateral triangle in which XY = 7 cm. If A
22. There are n zeroes appearing immediately after the decimal denotes the area of the triangle, then what is the value of
point in the value of (0.2)25. It is given that the value of log10A4? (Given that log101050 = 3.0212 and log1035
log102 = 0.30103. The value of n is [2018-II] = 1.5441) [2019-II]
(a) 25 (b) 19 (c) 18 (d) 17 (a) 5. 3070 (b) 5. 3700 (c) 5. 5635 (d) 5. 6535
23. It is given that log10 2 = 0.301 and log10 3 = 0.477. How 28. What is the value of logl0(cos q) + log10(sin q) + logl0(tan
many digits are there in (108)10 ? [2019-I] q) + logl0(cot q) + logl0(sec q) + logl0(cosec q) ?[2019-II]
(a) 19 (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) 22 (a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 0. 5 (d) 1 1
24. What is the number of digits in 725, 823 and 920 respectively ? 29. How many digits are there in (54)10 ? [2020-I]
[Given log102 = 0.301, log103 = 0.477, log107 = 0.845] (Given that log102 = 0.301 and log103 = 0.477)
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 19 (d) 27
[2019-II]
30. If log x = 1.2500 and y = xlogx, then what is log y equal to?
(a) 21, 20, 19 (b) 20, 19, 18 [2020-I]
(c) 22, 21, 20 (d) 22, 20, 21 (a) 4.2500 (b) 2.5625 (c) 1.5625 (d) 1.2500

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

æ öæ öæ ö æ ö 1 1 1
1. (b) ç log 1 2 ÷ ç log 1 3 ÷ ç log 1 4 ÷ ..... ç log 1 1000 ÷ =0– log10 10 = – × 1 = –
2 2 2
ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ç ÷
è 2 øè 3 øè 4 ø è 1000 ø
æ5ö æ 128 ö æ5ö
3. (a) 2log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ + log ç ÷
æ öæ öæ ö æ ö è8ø è 125 ø è2ø
ç log 2 ÷ ç log 3 ÷ ç log 4 ÷ ç log 1000 ÷ 2
= ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ..... ç ÷ æ 5ö æ 128 ö æ5ö
çç log 1 ÷÷ çç log 1 ÷÷ çç log 1 ÷÷ ç æ 1 ö÷ = log ç ÷ + log ç ÷ + log ç ÷
è 2øè 3øè 4ø ç log ç 1000 ÷ ÷ è8ø è 125 ø è2ø
è è øø
52 ´ 128 ´ 5 52 ´ 27 ´ 5
æ log a ö = log = log
ç Q log b a = 82 ´ 125 ´ 2
( 23 )
2
÷ ´ 53 ´ 2
è log b ø
æ log 2 ö æ log 3 ö æ log 4 ö æ log 1000 ö 27 ´ 53
= ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷ ..... ç ÷ 27 ´ 53
è - log 2 øè - log 3 øè - log 4 ø è - log1000 ø = log = log = log 1 = 0
26 ´ 53 ´ 2 27 ´ 53
= (-1) × (-1) × (-1) × ..... × (-1)
( Q number of factors is odd) 4. (d) Given, log r 6 = m and log r 3 = n
= –1 Q log r 6 = log r (2 × 3)
= log r 2 + log r 3
1
2. (b) log100 0.1 = log100 \ log r 3 + log r 2 = m
10 Þ n + log r 2 = m
= log100 1 – log102 10 Þ log r 2 = m – n
 EBD_7336
M-124 Logarithm

log10 (ap bq ) = log10 ap + log10 bq

ærö
\ log r ç ÷ = log r r – log r 2 = p log10 a + q log10 b
è 2ø = p × p + q × q = p2 + q2
=1–m+n
1
log13 (10) log13 (10) 12. (b) log10 3125 - 4 log10 2 + log10 32
5. (b) = 5
log169 (10) log 2 (10)
13 1
log10 ( 5 ) - 4 log10 2 + log10 ( 2 )
5 5
=
æ 1 ö 5
ç Q log a b c = log a c ÷ 5
è b ø log10 5 - 4 log10 2 + 5 log10 2 = log10 5 + log10 2
=
5
log13 10 1
=
1
= =2
1 = log10 ( 5 ´ 2 )
log13 10 [log m + log n = log mn]
2 2
= log10 10 = 1
1 \Option (b) is correct.
6. (c) log10 125 – 2log10 4 + log10 32 + log10 1
3 1
-1 ù - 2
=
1
log10 (5)3 – 2log10 (2)2 + log10 (2)5 + 0
13. (b) log10
é
ë
{ 2 -1
ê1 - 1 - (1 - x ) } ú
û
=1
3
= log10 5 – 4log10 2 + 5log10 2 1
-
é ì -1
= log10 5 + log10 2 = log10 5 × 2 = log10 10 = 1 1 ü ù 2
Þ log10 ê1 - í1 - ý ú =1
êë î 1 - x 2 þ úû
1
7. (c) log10 25 – 2log10 3 + log10 18
2 1
-
1/2 2
= log10 25 – log10 3 + log10 18 é ì 2 ü-1 ù 2
ê1 - ïí -x ïý ú
= log10 5 – log10 9 + log10 18 Þ log10 ê ï1 - x 2 ï ú = 1
ë î þ û
5 ´ 18 90 1
= log10 = log10 = log10 10 = 1 -
9 9 é (1 - x 2 ) ù 2
Þ log10 ê1 - ú =1
8. (d) [log10 (5 log10 100)]2 = [log10 (5 log10 102)]2 êë - x 2 úû
= [log10 (10 log10 10)]2 ( Q log10 10 = 1) 1
-
2 é - x 2 - (1 - x 2 ) ù 2
= [log10 10] Þ log10 ê ú =1
= l2 = 1 ëê -x 2 ûú
1
-
(c) log10 æç ö÷ + log10 æç 4 ö÷ + log10 æç 5 ö÷ + ..... + 8th term
3 é 1 ù 2
9. Þ log10 ê 2 ú =1
è 2ø è 3ø è 4ø ëx û
Þ log10 x = log1010
= log10 æç 3 ö÷ + log10 æç 4 ö÷ + log10 æç 5 ö÷ + ..... + log10 æç 10 ö÷ x = 10
è 2ø è 3ø è 4ø è 9ø Þ log10
æ3 4 5 10 ö æ x ö
ç ´ ´ ´ ..... ´ ÷ 14. (c) 2x+2
ç ÷
27è x-1ø = 9
= log10 è 2 3 4 9ø
æ x ö
= log10 æç ö÷ log10 5.
10 ç ÷
2x+2 27è x-1ø = 20 32
è 2ø 2x+2 = 20
10. (c) Let log10 0.0001 = a x=–2
1 x
a = log10 now taking 2x+2 , =9
(10) 4 27 x -1
= log10 1 – log10 (10)4 = 0 – 4 = –4 é æ x öù
ç ÷
11. (a) Given that, log ê 2x + 2 27è x -1 ø ú = log 32
ê ú
log10 a = p and log10 b = q êë úû
Logarithm M-125

3x 1 1 1
(x + 2) log (2) + log 3 = 2 log 3 PQ = AC, QR = AB, PR = BC
x -1 2 2 2
é 3x ù AB BC CA 2
(x + 2) log 2 = ê 2 - log3 = = =
ë x - 1úû QR PR PQ 1
é -x - 2ù area of ABC æ 2 ö 4
2
(x + 2) log 2 = ê ú log3 =ç ÷ =
ë x -1 û area of PQR è 1 ø 1
log 3 = in D ABC = 5 cm2
1–x=
log 2 5
as D PQR = cm2
æ 3ö 4
x = 1 – log ç ÷
è 2ø 19. (d) We are given log10 6 = 0.7782 and log10 8 = 0.9031
Therefore,
x = –2 and 1 – log æç ö÷
3
è 2ø log10 8000 + log10 600 = log10 6 ´ 102 + log10 8 ´ 103
15. (c) 30
let 3 = 10 x
30 log [3] = x log (10) = log10 6 + log10 10 2 + log10 8 + log10 103
= 0.7782 + 2log10 10 + 0.9031 + 3log10 10
30 × 0.4771 = x
= 1.6813 + 2 + 3
14.313 = x
= 6.6813
x > 14
i.e. 15 20. (a)
16. (b) let 240 = 10x
æ 72 ö
log 240 = log 10x 21. (b) log100(0.72) = log100 çè ÷
100 ø
40 log2 = x log10
= log10072 – log100100 = log100(8 × 9) – 1
40 (.301) = x
12.04 = x 3 2
= log100(23 × 32) – 1= log(10)2 2 + log(10)2 (3 ) - 1
i.e. x > 12
\ x = 13 3 2
= log10 2 + log10 3 -1 = 1.9286
No. of digit in 240 is 13 2 2
æ 10 ö 22. (d) Let y = (0.2)25
17. (d) x log10 ç ÷ + log10 3 = log (2 + 3x ) + x Talking log on both sides, we got
è 3ø 10
log(y) = (0.2)25 = 25. log(0.2)
xlog10 10 – x log103 + log103 = log10 (2 + 3x) + x
æ æ 2 öö
x – log103x + log103 = log10 (2 + 3 ) + x
x
= 25 çè log çè ÷ø ÷ø = 25 (log2 – log10)
10
log é3ù = 25 (0.330103 – 1) = –17.47475
10 ê ú log10 (2 + 3x ) Hence, n = 17
ë 3x û
Þ 31–x = 2 + 3x 23. (c) log (108)10 = 10 log 108 = 10 log (22 × 33) = 10 (2log2
+ 3log3)
Þ 31–x –3x = 31 – 30
x= 0 = 10 (2 × 0.301 + 3 × 0.477 ) = 10 (.602 + 1.431)
18. (c) = 10 × 2.033 = 20.33
A
integral part = 20
No. of digits = 20 + 1 = 21
24. (d) log 725 = 25log7 = 25´ 0.845
P R
= 21.125
Its characterlstic is 21 Þ No. of digits = 22
log823 =log 269 =69log 2
B Q C = 69 × 0.301 = 20.769
 EBD_7336
M-126 Logarithm

Its characterishe is 20 Þ No. of digits = 21 = log 107 + log 10 – log10 2

20 40
log9 = log3 Þ log10 7 = 0.8451
= 40 × log3 3
= 40 × 0.477 = 19.08 Þ No. of digts = 20 Now, A = ´ (7)2
4
Near about is 22, 21, 20 so option (d) satisfy 4
30 +16 + 28 log10A = 4 log 10 A
25. (d) Semiperimeter of triangle = = 37
2 3 ´ 72
P–a=7 = 4 log
P–b=9 4
P – c = 21 é1 ù
P = 37 = 4 ê log 3 + 2log 10 7 – 2log 2 ú = 5.3070
\ quantities that are required ë2 û
= 37, 21, 9, 7
26. (b) Let z = (0.001995) 1 8 28. (b) log 10(cos q) + log 10(sin q) + log 10(tan q) + log10(cot q)
= (1995 × 10–6) 8
1

+ log 10(sec q) + log 10(cosec q)

1
Þ log10 z = [log10 1995 + log10 10 –6 ] we known
8
1 –2.7 log 10 a + log 10 b = log 10 (a.b)
= [3.3 – 6] = = – 0.3375
8 8
log10z = – 0.3375 \ log 10(cos q+ sin q´ tan q´ cot q+sec q´ cosec q)
1
Þ z = 10–0.3375 = 0.3375 \ log 101 = 0
10
27. (a) log10 1050 = log10 (3 ´10 ´ 35) 29. (b) log(54)10 = 10 log 54 =10[3log3 + log2]
= log10 3 + 1 + log10 35 = 10[1.431 + 0.301] = 17.32
\ Number of digits = 17 + 1 = 18
Þ 3.0212 = log 103 + 1 + 1.5441
30. (c) We have, y = x logx
Þ log10 3 = 0.4771 Taking log on both sides
7 ´10 log y = log (xlogx)
Now, log10 35 = log
2 = logx. logx = (1.25)2 = 1.5625
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-127

CHAPTER
Basic Operation and
13 Factorisation
1. For what value of k, will the expression 3x3 – kx2 + 10. If x + y + z = 0, then what is
æ kö 3 3 3
4x + 16 be divisible by ç x - ÷ ? [2007-I] é (y – z – x) ù é (z – x – y) ù é (x – y – z) ù
è 2ø ê ú +ê ú +ê ú
êë 2 úû êë 2 úû êë 2 úû
(a) 4 (b) – 4 (c) 2 (d) 0
2. Which one of the following is the factor of equal to? [2007-I]
(a) 24 xyz (b) –24 xyz (c) 3 xyz (d) xyz
x4 + xy3 + xz3 + x3 y + y4 + yz3? [2007-I]
(a) x + y + z (b) x2 + y2 + z2 11. If m and n are odd integers with n < m, then which is
(c) x3 + y3 + z3 (d) x2 + y2 the largest integer among the following which divides
m2 – n 2 ? [2007-II]
3. If pqr = 1, what is the value of the expression (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
1 1 1
+ + ? [2007-I]
-1 -1
1+ p + q 1+ q + r 1 + r + p -1 12. What is the value of 2 + 2 +
1
-
1
?
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 1/3 2+ 2 2- 2

4. If x + y + z = 2s, then what is [2007-II]

(s – x)3 + (s – y)3 + 3(s – x) (s – y)z (a) 2 (b) 2 - 2 (c) 4 + 2 (d) 2 2

equal to? [2007-I]
13. Under constant pressure conditions, the temperature
(a) z3 (b) –z3 (c) x3 (d) y 3
varies directly as volume. At a given instant, volume
5. If x2 = y + z, y2 = z + x, z2 = x + y, then what is the value = 60 m3, temperature = 300 K. If the volume is increased
1 1 1 to 100 m3, then what will be the temperature? [2007-II]
of + + ? [2007-I] (a) 200 K (b) 300 K (c) 400 K (d) 500 K
x +1 y + 1 z +1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) 2 14. If one of the two factors of an expression which is the
6. If p, q and r be such that p + q = r and pqr = 30, then difference of two cubes, is (x4 + x2 y + y2), then what is
what is the value of p3 + q3 – r3 ? [2007-I] the other factor? [2007-II]
(a) 0 (b) 90 (a) x + y (b) x – y (c) x + y (d) x2 – y
2

(c) – 90 (d) Cannot be determined

15. Which one of the following is one of the factors of
x8 + 4 x2(y – z) + y2 (z – x) – z(xy – yz – zx)? [2007-II]
7. What is equal to? [2007-I]
x 4 + 2x 2 + 2 (a) x–y (b) x + y – z
(a) x + 2x2 – 2
4
(b) x4 – 2x2 + 2 (c) x – y – z (d) x + y + z
(c) x4 – 2x2 – 2 (d) Cannot be determined
16. If (3x3 – 2x2y – 13xy2 + 10y3 ) is divided by (x – 2y), then
x x–1 x x–1
8. If 2 – 2 = 4, then what is the value of 2 + 2 ? what is the remainder? [2008-I]
[2007-I]
(a) 0 (b) y + 5 (c) y + 1 (d) y2 + 3
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16

æ1ö æ 1 ö 1 11
17. What is the value of x in 1 + = ?
9. If x + ç ÷ = p, then what is x6 + ç 6 ÷ equal to? ì 1 ü 7
èxø èx ø ï ï
1 + íæ 1 öý
[2007-I] ï çè 1 +
6 î x ÷ø ïþ
(a) p + 6p
(b) p6 – 6p [2008-I]
(c) p6 + 6p4 + 9p2 + 2 1 7
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d)
(d) p6 – 6p4 + 9p2 – 2 2 11
 EBD_7336
M-128 Basic Operation and Factorisation

18. If (x + y + z = 0), then what is (x + y) (y + z) (z + x) (c) a cannot be an integer

equal to? [2008-I] (d) a can take three values
(a) – xyz (b) x2 + y2 + z3
30. If x2 – 11x + a and x2 – 14x + 2a have a common factor,
(c) x3 + y3 + z3 + 3xyz (d) xyz
then what are the values of a? [2008-II]
19. If (a + b = 3), then what is the value of (a3 + b3 + 9ab)? (a) 0, 7 (b) 5, 20 (c) 0, 24 (d) 1, 3
[2008-I] 31. Which one of the following is a factor of
(a) 18 (b) 27
2x3 – 3x2 – 11x + 6? [2008-II]
(c) 81 (d) Cannot be determined
(a) x + 1 (b) x – 1 (c) x + 2 (d) x – 2
20. If (x3 + 5x2 + 10k) leaves remainder –2x when divided by
32. What should be subtracted from 27x3 – 9x2 – 6x – 5
(x2 + 2), then what is the value of k ? [2008-I] to make it exactly divisible by (3x – 1)? [2008-II]
(a) –2 (b) –1 (a) –5 (b) –7 (c) 5 (d) 7
(c) 1 (d) 2
33. Suppose p « q = 2P + 2q – pq, where p, q are natural
21. If (5x2 + 14x + 2)2 – (4x2 – 5x + 7)2 is divided by numbers. If 8 « x = 4, then what is the value of x?
(x2 + x + 1), what is the remainder? [2008-I] [2008-II]
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
22. What is/are the factor(s) of (x29 – x24 + x13 – 1)? 34. What is the simplified form of
[2008-I]
(a) Only (x – 1) æ x 2 - 3x + 2 ö æ x 2 - 9 ö æ x 3 + 2x 2 + 4x ö
(b) Only (x + 1) ç 3 ÷¸ç 2 ÷´ç 2 ÷?
è x - 8 ø è x + 7x + 12 ø è x + 3x - 4 ø
(c) (x – 1) and (x + 1)
(d) Neither (x – 1) nor (x + 1) [2008-II]
23. What is the expression x x-2 x x +3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(x + y)–1 (x–1 + y–1) (xy–1 + x–1y)–1 equal to? x -3 x -3 x +3 x+4
[2008-I]
(a) x + y (b) (x2 + y2) –1 é (2.3)3 - 0.027 ù
(c) xy (d) (x2 + y2 ) 35. What is the value of ê ú ? [2008-II]
êë (2.3)2 + 0.69 + 0.09 úû
24. If (ab – b + 1 = 0) and (bc – c + 1 = 0), then what is (a) 2.6 (b) 2 (c) 1.3 (d) 1
(a – ac) equal to? [2008-I]
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
36. What is the simplified form of 9 2 - 8 - 4 2 ?
25. Let S be a set of all even integers. If the operations [2008-II]
I. addition II. subtraction
(a) 4 2 (b) 3 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 2
III. multiplication IV. division
are applied to any pair of numbers from S, then for which 37. What is
operations is the resulting number in S? [2008-I] x(y – z) (y + z) + y(z – x) (z + x) + z(x – y) (x + y)
(a) I, II, III and IV (b) I, II and III equal to? [2009-I]
(c) I and III (d) II and IV (a) (x + y) (y + z) (z + x)
26. What is the value of the polynomial r(x), so that (b) (x – y) (x – z) (z – y)
f (x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x) and deg r(x) < deg g(x), (c) (x + y) (z – y) (x – z)
where f(x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = x + 1? [2008-II] (d) (y – x) (z – y) (x – z)
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
38. If the remainder of the polynomial a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 +
1 ..... + an xn when divided by (x – 1) is 1, then which one
27 If x2 – 4x + 1 = 0, then what is the value of x3 + ?
x3 of the following is correct? [2009-I]
[2008-II] (a) a0 + a2 + ..... = a1 + a3 + .....
(a) 44 (b) 48 (c) 52 (d) 64 (b) a0 + a2 + ..... = 1 + a1 + a3 + .....
(c) 1 + a0 + a2 + ..... = – (a1 + a3 + .....)
28. If x + y + z = 6 and xy + yz + zx = 11, then what is the
value of x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz? [2008-II] (d) 1 – a0 – a2 – ..... = a1 + a3 + .....
(a) 18 (b) 36 (c) 54 (d) 66
39. When (x3 – 2x2 + px – q) is divided by (x2 – 2x – 3),
29. If a is a rational number such that (x – a) is a factor of the remainder is (x – 6). What are the values of p, q
the polynomial x3 – 3x2 – 3x + 9, then [2008-II] respectively? [2009-I]
(a) a can be any integer (a) –2, –6 (b) 2, – 6
(b) a is an integer dividing 9
(c) –2, 6 (d) 2, 6
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-129

40. If x = 1 + 4 3 2 49. If pq + qr + rp = 0, then what is the value of

2 , then what is the value of x – 4x + 4x ?
[2009-I] p2 q2 r2
+ + ? [2009-II]
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 p 2 - qr q 2 - rp r 2 - pq
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 3
x z
41. If y = w , then what is (xy + zw)2 equal to? [2009-I] 50. If x + y + z = 0, then what is the value of
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) (x + z ) (y + w ) (b) x y + z w 1 1 1
+ + ? [2009-II]
2 2 2 2 2 2
(c) x2 w2 + y2 z2 (d) (x2 + w2) (y2 + z2) x +y -z y +z -x z + x2 - y 2
2

1 2 1009 1
+ + = 1, then what is the value of (a) (b) 1
42. If x + y2 + z2
2
x + 1 y + 2 z + 1009
(c) –1 (d) 0
x y z
+ + ?
x + 1 y + 2 z + 1009
[2009-I] ( x - y)3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x )3
51. What is equal to?
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 4 ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( z - x)
[2009-II]
15 3 1 3
43. If the unit of weight is kg, then what number will (a) –(b) (c) (d) 0
4 4 4 4
3 52. If the expression px3 + 3x2 –3 and 2x3 – 5x + p when
quintal represent? [2009-I] divided by x – 4 leave the same remainder, then what is
2
the value of p? [2010-I]
(a) 25 (b) 6 (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) –2 (d) 2
1 53. If x(x + y + z) = 9, y(x + y + z) = 16 and z(x + y + z)
(c) (d) None of these = 144, then what is x equal to? [2010-I]
9
9 9 9 16
44. If m and n are two integers such that m = n2 – n, then (a) (b) (c) (d)
(m2 – 2m) is always divible by [2009-II] 5 7 13 13
54. If u, v and w are real numbers such that u3 – 8v3 – 27w3
(a) 9 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 48
= 18uvw, then which one of the following is correct?
45. When x40 + 2 is divided by x4 + 1, what is the [2010-I]
remainder? [2009-II] (a) u – v + w = 0 (b) u = –v = –w
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (c) u – 2v = 3w (d) u + 2v = –3w
55. x4 + 4y4 is divisible by which one of the following?
46. Which one of the following statements is correct? [2010-I]
[2009-II] (a) (x2 + 2xy + 2y2)
(a) Remainder theorem is a special case of factor (b) (x2 + 2y2)
theorem (c) (x2 – 2y2)
(b) Factor theorem is a special case of remainder
theorem (d) None of these
56. The shadow of a pole 6 m high is 15 m long and at the
(c) Factor theorem and remainder theorem are two
same time the shadow of a tree is 25 m long. What is
independent results
the height of the tree? [2010-I]
(d) None of the above (a) 21 m (b) 10 m
2 –2
47. If x = 2 + 3, then what is (x + x ) equal to? (c) 35 m (d) None of these
[2009-II] 57. If a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of
(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 a 2 b2 c2
+ + ? [2010-II]
1+ x 1 2a + 1 bc ca ab
48. If a = , then what is + equal to?
2- x a + 1 a2 -1 (a) –3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
[2009-II] 58. If (x4 + x–4) = 322, then what is one of the value of
(x – x–1)? [2010-II]
(1 + x) (2 + x) (1 - x) (2 - x )
(a) (b) (a) 18 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d) 4
2x - 1 x-2 59. If x = (b – c) (a – d), y = (c – a) (b – d) and
(1 + x) (2 - x ) (1 - x )(2 - x) z = (a – b) (c – d), then what is x3 + y3 + z3 equal to?
(c) (d) [2010-II]
2x -1 2x +1 (a) xyz (b) 2xyz (c) 3xyz (d) –3xyz
 EBD_7336
M-130 Basic Operation and Factorisation

60. What are the factors of x2 + 4y2 + 4y – 4xy – 2x – 8? 73. AB is a straight line. C is a point whose distance from
[2010-II] AB is 3cm. What is the number of points which are at
(a) (x – 2y – 4) and (x – 2y + 2) a distance of 1cm from AB and 5cm from C? [2012-I]
(b) (x – y + 2) and (x – 4y + 4) (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) (x – y + 2) and (x – 4y – 4) 74. What is the value of k that (2x – 1) may be a factor of
(d) (x + 2y – 4) and (x + 2y + 2) 4x4 – (k – 1)x3 + kx2 – 6x + 1? [2012-I]
61. If the expression (px3 + x2 – 2x – q) is divisible by (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 13
(x – 1) and (x + 1), what are the values of p and q,
75. If p(x) is a common multiple of degree 6 of the polynomials
respectively? [2010-II]
(a) 2, –1 (b) –2, 1 (c) –2, –1 (d) 2, 1 f(x) = x3 + x2 – x – 1 and g(x) = x3 – x2 + x – 1, then which
62. If x5 – 9x2 + 12x – 14 is divisible by (x – 3), then what one of the following is correct? [2012-I]
2 2 2
is the remainder? [2011-I] (a) p(x) = (x – 1) (x + 1) (x + 1)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 56 (d) 184 (b) p(x) = (x – 1) (x + 1)2 (x2 + 1)2
1 1 (c) p(x) = (x – 1)3 (x + 1)2 (x2 + 1)
9
63. If x - = , then what is 9x 2 + is equal to? (d) p(x) = (x – 1)2 (x4 + 1)
x 3 x2 76. If x3 + 5x2 + 10k leaves remainder –2x when divided by
[2011-I] x2 + 2, then what is the value of k? [2012-I]
(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 21
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
1 1
64. What is the value of + ? 1
1+ 2 + 3 1- 2 + 3 77. If x + = a, then what is the value of x3 + x2 +
x
[2011-I]
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d) 2 1 1
2
3
+ ? [2012-I]
65. If a + b + c = 6 and a2 + b2 + c2 = 26, then what is x x2
ab + bc + ca equal to? [2011-II] (a) a3 + a2 (b) a3 + a2 – 5a
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5 3 2
(c) a + a – 3a – 2 (d) a3 + a2 – 4a – 2
66. If 3x3 – 2x2 y – 13xy2 + 10y3 is divided by x – 2y, then x y
78. If a = b, b = c and xyz = 1, then what is the value
what is the remainder? [2011-II] of cz ? [2012-I]
(a) 0 (b) x (c) y + 5 (d) x – 3
67. What is the remainder when (x11 + 1) is divided by (x a
+ 1)? [2011-II] (a) a (b) b (c) ab (d)
b
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 11 (d) 12
79. If 3 x + y = 81 and 81 x – y = 3, then what is the value of
68. If (x – 3) is a factor of (x2 + 4px – 11p), then what is
the value of p? [2011-II] x? [2012-I]
(a) – 9 (b) – 3 (c) –1 (d) 1 17 17 17 15
2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x - 3x + 2 x - 5x + 4 16 8 4 4
69. What is ¸ equal to? 4 3 3 3 4 3
2
x - 5x + 6 x 2 - 7 x + 12 80. x + xy + x y + xz + y + yz is divisible by
[2011-II] [2012-I]
(a) Only (x – y)
x+3 x +1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2 (b) Only (x3 + y3 + z3)
x -3 x -1 (c) Both (x + y) and (x3 + y3 + z3)
(2.3)3 - 0.027 (d) None of the above
70. What is the value of ? [2011-II] 81. What is the value of
(2.3)2 + 0.69 + 0.09
3 × 0.3 × 0.03 × 0.003 × 0.0003 × 30? [2012-II]
(a) 0.3 (b) 2.3 (c) 1 (d) 2 (a) (0.09)3 (b) (0.009)3
3
xyz (c) (0.0009) (d) None of these
71. If x + y + z = 0, then what is 82. What is the value of
( x + y) ( y + z) ( z + x)
equal to (where, x ¹ –y, y ¹ –z, z ¹ –x)? [2011-II]
é(2.247)3 + (1.730)3 + (1.023)3 - 3 ´ 2.247 ù
(a) –1 (b) 1 ê ú
(c) xy + yz + zx (d) None of these êë ´ 1.730 ´ 1.023 úû
72. What is the value of ?
é(2.247) 2 + (1.730)2 + (1.023) 2 - 2.247 ´ 1.730 ù
1.001 ´ 1.001 ´ 1.001 + 0.999 ´ 0.999 ´ 0.999 ê ú
? êë - 1.730 ´ 1.023 - 2.247 ´ 1.023úû
1.001 ´ 1.001 - 1.001 ´ 0.999 + 0.999 ´ 0.999
[2012-I] [2012-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (a) 1.730 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 5.247
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-131

83. If two factors of a4 – 2a3 – 9a2 + 2a + 8 are (a + 1) and (a) 2x3 + 3x2 + x + 1 (b) 2x3 + x2 + x – 1
3 2
(a – 1), then what are the other two factors? (c) 2x – x + x – 1 (d) –x2 + x – 1
[2012-II] 2 2
97. If (49) – (25) = 37x, then what is x equal to? [2013-II]
(a) (a – 2) and (a + 4) (b) (a + 2) and (a + 4) (a) 64 (b) 74 (c) 48 (d) 42
(c) (a + 2) and (a – 4) (d) (a – 2) and (a – 4) 98. For what values of k will
æ y-xö 4x5 + 9x4 – 7x3 – 5x2 – 4kx + 3k2
84. If 0.764 y = 1.236 x, then what is the value of ç ÷? contain x –1 as a factor? [2013-II]
è y+xø
1 1 1
[2012-II] (a) 3, -(b) 3, –1 (c) 0, (d) 1,
(a) 0.764 (b) 0.236 (c) 2 (d) 0.472 2 3 3
85. If the expression x3 + 4x2 + 4x + k has (x + 4) as a factor, 99. x(y2 – z2) + y(z2 – x2) + z(x2 – y2) is divisible by
then what is the value of k? [2012-II] [2013-II]
(a) –16 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) –32 (a) Only (y – z)
86. What is the value of k which will make the expression (b) Only (z – x)
4x2 + 12x + k a perfect square? [2012-II] (c) Both (y – z) and (z – x)
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (d) Neither (y – z) nor (z – x)
87. For what value of k, (x + 5) is a factor of 6x2 + kx + 10? 100. x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6 is divisible by [2014-I]
[2013-I] (a) Only (x + 1) (b) Only (x + 2)
(a) 5 (b) 32 (c) 36 (d) 40 (c) Only (x + 3) (d) All of these
88. One of the factors of the polynomial 101. What should be added to be x(x + a) (x + 2a) (x + 3a),
x4 – 7x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 81 is: [2013-I] so that the sum be a perfect square? [2014-I]
(a) x + 2 (b) x – 2 (c) x + 3 (d) x – 3 (a) 9a2 (b) 4a2
89. (a + 1)4 – a4 is divisible by [2013-I] (c) a 4 (d) None of these
(a) –2a2 + 2a – 1 (b) 2a3 – 2a – 1 102. If 3x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 3 is divided by (3x + 2), then
(c) 2a3 – 2a + 1 (d) 2a2 + 2a + 1 the remainder is [2014-I]
90. The factor(s) of 5px – 10qy + 2rpx = 4qry is/ are 185 181 3
[2013-I] (a) 0 (b)(c) (d)
27 25 4
(a) Only (5 + 2r) 103. The expression 2x3 + x2 – 2x + 1 is divisible by
(b) Only (px – 2qy) [2014-I]
(c) Both (5 + 2r) and (px – 2qy) (a) x + 2 (b) 2x + 1
(d) Neither (5 + 2r) nor (px – 2qy) (c) x – 2 (d) 2x – 1
91. If the expression x3 + 3x2 + 4x + p contains (x + 6) as
a factor, then the value of p is [2013-I] 104. If æç x 2 + 1 ö÷ = 17 , then what is æç x3 - 1 ö÷ equal to ?
(a) 132 (b) 141 (c) 144 (d) 151 2 4 3
è x ø è x ø
92. What is the value of [2014-I]
725 ´ 725 ´ 725 + 371 ´ 371 ´ 371 75 63
? (a) (b)
725 ´ 725 - 725 ´ 371 + 371 ´ 371 16 8
[2013-I]
(a) 9610 (b) 1960 (c) 1096 (d) 1016 95
(c) (d) None of these
93. Consider the following statements : 8
I. x + 3 is the factor of x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 8. 105. If (x + k) is the common factor of x2 + ax + b and x2
II. x – 2 is the factor of x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 8. + cx + d. of and then what is k equal to ? [2014-II]
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) (d – b) / (c – a) (b) (d – b) / (a – c)
[2013-II] (c) (d + b) / (c + a) (d) (d – b) / (c + a)
(a) Only I (b) Only II 106. What is the remainder when x5 – 5x2 + 125 is divided
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II by x + 5? [2014-II]
( x 2 + y 2 ) ( x - y ) - ( x - y )3 (a) 0 (b) 125 (c) –3125 (d) 3125
94. What is equal to? 107. What is the lowest common multiple of ab (x2 + 1) + x
x 2 y - xy 2 (a2 + b2) and ab (x2 – 1) + x (a2 – b2) ? [2014-II]
[2013-II] (a) (a2x2 – b2) (a + bx)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) – 2 (b) (a2x2 – b2) (a + bx)2
95. If the expression x3 + 3x2 + 4x + k has a factor x + 5, (c) (a2x2 – b2) (a – bx)
then what is the value of k? [2013-II] (d) (a2x2 – b2) (a – bx)2
(a) –70 (b) 70 (c) 48 (d) –48 108. Consider the following statements : [2014-II]
96. The quantity which must be added to (1 – x) (1 + x2) to 1. (a – b – c) is one of the factors of 3abc + b3 + c3 – a3.
obtain x3 is [2013-II] 2. (b + c – 1) is one of the factors of 3bc + b3 + c3 – 1
 EBD_7336
M-132 Basic Operation and Factorisation

Which of the above statements is / are correct?

91 1
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 118. If x = , then the value of 3 - is [2015-II]
216 (1 - x)1/ 3
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
109. If the equation x2 + 2(1 + k) x + k2 = 0 has equal roots, 9 5 4 4
then what is the value of k ? [2014-II] (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 9 9 5
1 1 2 2
119. If the equations x – px + q = 0 and x + qx – p = 0 have a
(a) (b) – (c) 1 (d) – 1
2 2 common root, then which one of the following is correct?
110. What is the highest common factor of 2x3 + x2 – x – 2 [2016-I]
and 3x3 – 2x2 + x –2 ? [2014-II] (a) p – q = 0 (b) p + q – 2 = 0
(a) x –1 (b) x + 1 (c) p + q – 1 = 0 (d) p – q – 1 = 0
(c) 2x + 1 (d) 2x – 1 120. If (s – a) + (s – b) + (s – c) = s, then the value of
111. What is the remainder when (1235 × 4523 × 2451) is
divided by 12 ? [2014-II] (s – a)2 + (s – b)2 + (s – c) + s 2 , will be [2016-I]
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7 a2 + b2 + c 2
112. For what value of k is (x – 5) a factor of x3 –3x2 + kx – (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) –1
10? [2015-I]
121. If the polynomial x6 + px5 + qx4 – x2 – x – 3 is divisible by
(a) – 8 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1 (x4 – 1), then the value of p2 + q2 is [2016-I]
113. The expression
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 13
x3q2 – x3pt + 4x2pt – 4x2q2 + 3xq2 – 3xpt is divisible
122. Let m be a non-zero integer and n be a positive integer.
by [2015-I]
Let R be the remainder obtained on dividing the polynomial
(a) (x – 1) only
x2 + m2 by (x – m). Then [2016-I]
(b) (x – 3) only
(a) R is a non zero even integer
(c) both (x – 1) and (x–3)
(b) R is odd, if m is odd
(d) neither (x – 1) nor (x – 3)
(c) R + t3 for some integer s, if n is even
1 1 1 1 (d) R = t3 for some integer t, if 3 divides n
114. The value of + + + .... +
1 ´ 4 4 ´ 7 7 ´ 10 16 ´ 19
[2015-II] a + 2b + a – 2b
123. If x =
a + 2b – a – 2b
5 6 8 9
(a) (b) (c) (d) then bx2 – ax + b is equal to (given that b ¹ 0) [2016-I]
19 19 19 19
115. Consider the following in respect of the equation (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ab (d) 2ab
[2015-II]
124. If a3 = 117 + b3 and a = 3 + b, then the value of a + b is
2 (given that a > 0 and b > 0) [2016-I]
(x - 1)
y= (a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 13
x -1
1. y = 1 if x > 1 a b c
2. y = –1 if x < 1 125. If = = , then which of the following is/are correct?
b c d
3. y exists for all values of x
Which of the above statements is/are correct? b3 + c3 + d 3 d a2 + b2 + c 2 a
1. = 2. =
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only 3
a +b +c 3 3 a 2
b +c +d 2 2 d
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Select the correct answer using the code given below.
116. If a, b and c satisfy the equation x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 then [2016-I]
1 1 1 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
what is the value of + + ? [2015-II]
a b c (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
126. For what value of k is (x + 1) a factor of x3 + kx2 – x + 2?
1 1 [2016-I]
(a) - (b) 2 (c) –2 (d)
2 2 (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) –2
117. Which one of the following is correct? [2015-II] 127. Which of the points P(5, – 1), Q(3, –2) and R(1, 1) lie in the
(a) (x + 2) is a factor of x4 – 6x3 + 12x2 – 24x + 32 solution of the system of inequations x + y £ 4 and x – y ³ 2?
(b) (x + 2) is a factor of x4 + 6x3 – 12x2 + 24x – 32 [2016-I]
(c) (x – 2) is a factor of x4 – 6x3 + 12x2 – 24x + 32 (a) Q and R only (b) P and R only
(d) (x – 2) is a factor of x4 + 6x3 – 12x2 + 24x – 32 (c) P and Q only (d) P Q and R
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-133

128. If x2 = y + z, y2 = z + x and z2 = x + y, then what is the value 138. What are the factors of x3 + 4x2 – 11x – 30? [2017-II]
(a) (x – 2), (x + 3) and (x + 5)
1 1 1
of x + 1 + y + 1 + z + 1 ? [2016-II] (b) (x + 2), (x + 3) and (x – 5)
(c) (x + 2), (x – 3) and (x + 5)
(a) –1 (b) 1 (d) (x + 2), (x – 3) and (x – 5)
(c) 2 (d) 4 139. If x = 111 .... 1 (20 digits), y = 333 .... 3 (10 digits) and
129. 2 + 4 + 8 + 464 + 2130 is divisible by which one of
122 62 42
x - y2
the following integers ? [2016-II] z = 222 .... 2 (10 digits), then what is equal to?
z
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 11
[2017-II]
130. If 4x + 3a = 0, then. what is the value of
1
x 2 + ax + a 2 x 2 - ax + a 2 (a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
- ? [2016-II] 2
x3 - a3 x3 + a 3 140. If 5x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 9 is divided by (x + 3), then the remainder
4 7 32 24 is [2017-II]
(a) - (b) (c) - (d) (a) 135 (b) – 135 (c) 63 (d) – 63
7a a 7a 7a
141. The quotient of 8x3 – y3 when divided by 2xy + 4x2 + y2 is
1 [2017-II]
131. If x + = 2, then what is x equal to ? [2016-II] (a) 2x + y (b) x + 2y
1
1+ (c) 2x – y (d) 4x – y
1
2+ 142. If (x + 2) is a common factor of x 2 + ax + b and
3 x2 + bx + a, then the ratio a : b is equal to
[2017-II]
7 13 11 17
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
10 10 10 10 143. Let
132. (x + 4) is a factor of which one of the following expressions ? f(x) = a0xn + a1xn–1 + a2xn–2 + .... + an–1 x + an, where
[2017-I] a0, a1, a2, ...., an are real numbers.
(a) x2 – 7x + 44 (b) x2 + 7 x – 44 If f(x) is divided by (ax – b), then the remainder is
(c) x2 – 7x – 44 (d) x2 + 7x + 44 [2017-II]
1 t æ bö æ bö æ aö æ aö
133. If x = and y = t -1 , t > 0, t ¹, then what is the relation (a) fç ÷ (b) f ç - ÷ (c) f ç ÷ (d) f ç- ÷
t t -1 t è aø è aø è bø è bø
between x and y ? [2017-I]
144. The product of the polynomials (x + 2), (x – 2),
(a) yx = x1/y (b) x1/y = y1/x (x3 – 2x2 + 4x – 8) and (x3 + 2x2 + 4x + 8) is [2017-II]
8
(a) x – 256 4
(b) (x – 16) 2
(c) xy = yx (d) xy = y1/x
4
(c) (x + 16) 2 (d) (x2 – 4)4
134. If A : B = 3 : 4, then what is the value of the expression
æ 145. The factors of x (x + 2) (x + 3) (x + 5) – 72 are
ç
3A 2 + 4B ö÷
çè 3A - 4B2 ÷ø ? [2017-I] (a) x, (x + 3), (x + 4) and (x – 6)
(b) (x – 1), (x + 6) and (x2 – 2x – 12)
43 43 (c) (x – 1), (x + 6) and (x2 + 5x + 12)
(a) (b) -
55 55 (d) (x + 1), (x – 6) and (x2 – 5x – 12)
146. a, b, c, b are non-zero integers such that (ab) divides (cd).
47
(c) (d) Cannot be determined If a and c are coprime, then which one of the following is
55 correct? [2017-II]
135. If x = 2 + 22/3 + 21/3, then what is the value of x3 – 6x2 + 6x? (a) a is a factor of c (b) a is a factor of b
[2017-I] (c) a is a factor of d (d) d is a factor of a
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
a2
x 24 y 147. If ab + bc + ca = 0, then what is the value of
136. If = + and x + y = 26, then what is the value of a 2 - bc
y 5 x
xy? [2017-I] b2 c2
+ + ? [2017-II]
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 30 b2 - ca c2 - ab
137. If a + b = 5 and ab = 6, then What is the value of a 3 + b3 ?
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) –1
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c) 90 (d) 125
 EBD_7336
M-134 Basic Operation and Factorisation

160. The remainder when 3x3 – 2x2y – 13xy2 + 10y3 is divided

( x - y )( y - z)( z - x ) by (x – 2y) is equal to [2018-II]
148. What is equal to? [2017-II]
( x - y)3 + ( y - z)3 + ( z - x )3 (a) zero (b) y (c) y – 5 (d) y + 3
1 1 161. If ab + bc + ca = 0, then the value of [2018-II]
(a) - (b) (c) 3 (d) –3
3 3
149. 517 + 518 + 519 + 520 is divisible by [2018-I] (b 2 - ca)(c 2 - ab) + (a 2 - bc)(c 2 - ab) + (a 2 - bc )(b2 - ca )
is
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 13 (a 2 - bc)(b 2 - ca )(c2 - ab)
b z c x ab + xy (a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
150. If + = 1 and + = 1 , then what is equal
y c z a bx
x+2
to? [2018-I] 162. For x > 0, what is the minimum value of x + ?
2x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) –1
[2019-I]
a2 -1 a6 -1 (a) 1 (b) 2
151. If = 5 , then what is the value of ? [2018-I]
a a3 1
(c) 2 (d) Cannot be determined
(a) 125 (b) –125 (c) 140 (d) –140 2
152. If (x + 3) is a factor of x3 + 3x2 + 4x + k, then what is the
value of k? [2018-I] 1 + px 1 - qx
163. If = 1, then what are the non-zero solutions
(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 72 1 - px 1 + qx
153. Which one of the following is a zero of the polynomial 3x3
of x ? [2019-I]
4x2 – 7? [2018-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –1 1 2p -q 1
154. The remainder when 3x3 + kx2 + 5x – 6 is divided by (a) ± , 2p ¹ q (b) ± p-q , p¹ q
p q pq
(x + 1) is –7. What is the value of k? [2018-I]
(a) –14 (b) 14 (c) –7 (d) 7 p q
155. If f(x) and g(x) are polynomials of degree p and q respectively, (c) ± p -q ,p¹q (d) ± 2 p - q , 2p ¹ q
q p
then the degree of {f(x) ± g(x)} (if it is non-zero) is[2018-I]
(a) Greater than min (p, q) 164. If a, b and c are positive integers such that
(b) Greater than max (p, q)
1 16
(c) Less than or equal to max (p, q) = , then what is the mean of a, b and c ?
1 23
(d) Equal to min (p, q) a+
1
q b+
156. If a and b are two real numbers such that a + b = - 1
p c+
2
r [2019-I]
ab =
and p , where 1 < p < q< r, then which one of the (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1. 33 (d) 2. 33
following is the greatest? [2018-II] 165. For any two real numbers a and b,
1 1 1 1 ab (a - b)2 + (b - a)2 is [2019-I]
(a) (b) + (c) - (d)
a +b a b ab a +b (a) always zero (b) never zero
157. If the sum of the squares of three consecutive natural (c) positive only if a ¹ b (d) positive if and only if a > b
numbers is 110, then the sum of their cubes is [2018-II]
(a) 625 (b) 654 (c) 684 (d) 725 a b c
166. If = = , then which one of the following
158. The number of all pairs (m, n), where m and n are positive b+ d c + a a +b
statements is correct ? [2019-I]
1 1 1 2
integers, such that + - = is [2018-II] (a) Each fraction is equal to 1 or –1,
m n mn 5
1
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 2 (b) Each fraction is equal to or 1.
159. If H is the harmonic mean of P and Q, then the value of 2

H H 1
+ (c) Each fraction is equal to or -1.
is [2018-II] 2
P Q
1
P+Q PQ (d) Each fraction is equal to only.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 2
PQ P+Q
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-135

167. Given that the polynomial (x2 + ax + b) leaves the same 175. For what value of k can the expression x3 + kx2 - 7x
remainder when divided by (x - 1) or (x +1). What are the + 6 be resolved into three linear factors ? [2019-II]
values of a and b respectively ? [2019-I]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 4 and 0 (b) 0 and 3
(c) 3 and 0 (d) 0 and any integer 176. The quotient when x4- x2 + 7x + 5 is divided by (x + 2) is
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. What are the values of a, b, c and d
( x - y )3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x ) 3 respectively ? [2019-II]
168. What is equal to? [2019-I]
3( x - y )( y - z )( z - x )
(a) 1, -2, 3, 1 (b) -1, 2, 3, 1
1 (c) 1, -2, -3, -1 (d) -1, 2, -3, -1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 3
3
177. What is (x - a)(x - b)(x - c) equal to ? [2019-II]
1 1 (a) x3 - (a + b + c)x2 + (bc + ca + ab) x - abc
169. If ax = by = cz and b2 = ac, then what is + equal to ?
x z
(b) x3 + (a + b + c)x2 + (bc + ca + ab) x + abc
[2019-I] (c) x3 - (bc + ca + ab) x2+(a + b + c) x - abc
1 1 2 2
(a) (b) - (c) (d) - (d) x3 + (bc + ca + ab)x2 - (a + b + c) x - abc
y y y y
178. What are the values of p and q respectively, if (x – 1) and
170. What is the maximum value of the expression (x + 2) divide the polynomial x3+4x2+px+q ? [2020-I]
1 (a) 1, –6 (b) 2, –6 (c) 1, 6 (d) 2, 6
2 ? [2019-II]
x + 5 x + 10
1 1
15 15 4 179. What is m-n
+ n-m
equal to ? [2020-I]
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) a -1 a -1
4 2 15 (a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 2a m–n
180. If f(x) is divided by (x – a) (x – b) where a ¹ b, then what
( x - y )3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x ) 3
171. What is the value of ? is the remainder ? [2020-I]
9( x - y )( y - z )( z - x )
( x - a ) f (a ) - ( x - b) f (b)
[2019-II] (a)
a -b
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) 1
9 ( x - a ) f (b) - ( x - b) f (a )
3 (b)
a -b
26
172. If the sum of a real number and its reciprocal is
, then
5 ( x - b) f (a ) - ( x - a ) f (b)
(c)
how many such numbers are possible ? [2019-II] a -b
(a) None (b) One (c) Two (d) Four
( x - b) f (b) - ( x - a ) f (a )
36 1 (d)
173. If =3+ , where x, y and z are natural numbers, a -b
11 1
x+ 181. If (x2 – 1) is a factor of ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e, then
1
y+ which one of the following is correct ? [2020-I]
z (a) a + b + c = d + e (b) a + b + e = c + d
then what is (x + y + z) equal to ? [2019-II] (c) b + c + d = a + e (d) a + c + e = b + d
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 æ 1ö æ 6 1ö
182. If ç x8 + 8 ÷ = 47, what is the value of çè x + 6 ÷ø ?
174. A real number x, such that (x – x2) is maximum. What is x è x ø x
equal to ? [2019-II] [2020-I]
(a) -1. 5 (b) -0. 5 (c) 0. 5 (d) 1. 5 (a) 36 (b) 27 (c) 18 (d) 9
 EBD_7336
M-136 Basic Operation and Factorisation

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (b) The expression 3x3 – kx2 + 4x + 16 is divisible by 5. (a) Given, x2 = y + z
k Þ x2 + x = x + y + z
x- .
2 x 1
Þ =
k x + y + z x +1
Then, x = satisfy the equation
2 1 y
Similarly, =
3 2 y +1 x + y + z
ækö ækö ækö
Þ 3 ç ÷ - k ç ÷ + 4 ç ÷ + 16 = 0
è2ø è2ø è2ø 1 z
and =
z +1 x + y + z
3k3 - 2k 3 + 16k + 128
Þ =0 1 1 1
8 \ + +
3
Þ k + 16k + 128 = 0 x + 1 y +1 z + 1
Þ (k + 4) (k2 – 4k + 32) = 0
x y z
Þk+4=0 = + +
Þ k= –4 x+y+z x+y+z x +y+z
2. (c) x4 + xy3 + xz3 + x3 y + y4 + yz3 x+ y+z
= x (x3 + y3 + z3) + y (x3 + y3 + z3) = =1
x+ y+z
= (x + y) (x3 + y3 + z3)
6. (c) Here, p3 + q3 – r3
Hence, (x3 + y3 + z3) is a factor of
= (p + q) (p2 + q2 – pq) – r3
x4 + xy3 + xz3 + x3 y + y4 + yz3
= (p + q) [(p + q)2 – 3pq] – r3
1 1 1
3. (a) + + é 30 ù
-1 -1
1+ p + q 1+ q + r 1 + r + p -1 = r ê r 2 - 3 × ú - r3
ë r û
1 1 1 (Q p + q = r given and pqr = 30)
= + +
1 1 1 = r3 – 90 – r3 = –90
1+ p + 1+ q + 1+ r +
q r p
x8 + 4 x8 + 4x 4 + 4 - 4x 4
7. (b) =
q r p x 4 + 2x 2 + 2 x 4 + 2x 2 + 2
= + +
1 + pq + q r + rq + 1 p + rp + 1
(x 4 + 2)2 - (2x 2 )2
q r p =
= + + x 4 + 2x 2 + 2
1 + pq + q 1 1 1
+ +1 p + +1
pq p q (x 4 + 2x 2 + 2) (x 4 - 2x 2 + 2)
=
(Q pqr = 1) x 4 + 2x 2 + 2
4 2
q rpq pq = x – 2x + 2
= + + 8. (c) Given, 2x – 2x – 1 = 4
1 + pq + q 1 + q + pq pq + 1 + q
æ 1ö
q + rpq + pq Þ 2x ç1 – ÷ = 4
= (Q pqr = 1) è 2ø
1 + pq + q x
Þ2 =8
q + 1 + pq Þ 2x = 23
= =1 Þx=3
1 + pq + q
\ 2x + 2x – 1 = 23 + 23 – 1 = 8 + 4 = 12
4. (a) Given, x + y + z = 2s
Also, (s – x) + (s – y) – z = 2s – (x + y + z) 1
9. (d) Given, x + =p
= 2s – 2s = 0 x
\ (s – x)3 + (s – y)3 – z3 + 3(s – x) (s – y) (z) = 0
2
(Q a + b + c = 0 Þ a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc) æ 1ö
Þ çx + ÷ = p2
Þ (s – x) + (s – y)3 + 3(s – x) (s – y) (z) = z3
3
è xø
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-137

1 14. (d) Now, (x2)3 – y3 = (x2 – y) (x4 + y2 + x2 y)

Þ x + 2
+2=p 2
Hence, the other factor is x2 – y.
x2
15. (c) x2 (y – z) + y2 (z – x) – z(xy – yz – zx)
1 = x2 y – x2 z + y2 z – y2 x – zxy + yz2 + z2 x
Þ x2 + = p2 – 2 ... (i) = xy(x – y – z) – z (x2 – y2) + z2 (x + y)
x2
= xy(x – y – z) – z(x + y) (x – y – z)
3
æ 1 ö = (x – y – z) (xy – yz – zx)
Þ ç x 2 + 2 ÷ = (p2 – 2)3
è x ø 16. (a) Required remainder
= 3(2y)3 – 2 (2y)2 y – 13(2y)y2 + 10y3
1 æ 1 ö
Þ x6 + + 3ç x2 + 6 2 2
÷ = p – 8 – 6p (p – 2) = 24y3 – 8y3 – 26y3 + 10y3
6
x è x2 ø = 34y3 – 34y3 = 0
1 17. (b) Given that,
Þ x6 + + 3(p2 – 2) = p6 – 8 – 6p4 + 12p2
x6 1
=
11
1+
[from equation (i)] ì 1 ü 7
ï ï
1 1 + íæ 1 öý
ï çè 1 + ÷
Þ x6 + = p6 – 6p4 + 9p2 – 2 î x ø ïþ
x6
10. (c) Given, x + y + z = 0
1 11
3 3 3 Þ 1+ =
æy–z–xö æz – x – yö æx – y–zö ì x ü 7
\ ç ÷ +ç ÷ +ç ÷ í1 + ý
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø î 1 + xþ
3 3 3
æ y – (z + x ) ö æ z – (x + y) ö æ x – ( y + z) ö 1 + x 11
÷÷ + çç ÷÷ + çç Þ 1+ =
= çç ÷÷ 1 + 2x 7
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
1 + 2x + 1 + x 11
3 3 3 Þ =
æ y – ( –y ) ö æ z – ( –z ) ö æ x – ( –x ) ö 1 + 2x 7
= çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷ + çç ÷÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 + 3x 11
Þ =
1 + 2x 7
3 3 3
æ 2y ö æ 2z ö æ 2x ö Þ 14 + 21x = 11 + 22x
÷ +ç ÷ +ç
3 3 3
= ç ÷ =y +z +x
è 2 ø 2
è ø è 2 ø \ x=3
= 3xyz 18. (a) Given, x + y + z = 0
(since, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc, if a + b + c = 0) \ (x + y) (y + z) (z + x) = (–z) (–x) (–y) = –xyz
11. (d) m and n are odd and m > n. 19. (b) Given, a + b = 3
Let m = 3, n = 1
\ m 2 – n 2 = 32 – 1 = 8 \ (a + b)3 = 33
Again, let m = 5, n = 3 Þ a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = 27
\ m2 – n2 = 52 – 32 = 16 Þ a3 + b3 + 9ab = 27
So, it is clear that m2 – n2 is always divisible by 8. (Q a + b = 3)
1 1 20. (c)
12. (a) 2 + 2 + - x +5
2+ 2 2- 2 2 3 2
x + 2 x + 5x + 10k
2- 2 - 2- 2 x3 + 2x
= 2+ 2 + – –
4-2
5x 2 – 2x + 10k
(- 2 2)
= 2+ 2 + = 2+ 2 - 2 = 2
2 5x 2 + 10
– –
13. (d) When the volume increases upto 60 cm 3, then
temperature 300 K. – 2x + 10k – 10
\ Volume is increased to 100 m3, temperature
But remainder is –2x.
300 ´ 100 \ –2x = –2x + 10k – 10 Þ k = 1.
= = 500 K
60
 EBD_7336
M-138 Basic Operation and Factorisation

21. (b) Q (5x2 + 14x + 2)2 – (4x2 – 5x + 7)2 27. (c) Given, equation is x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
= (5x2 + 14x + 2 – 4x2 + 5x – 7)
4 ± 16 - 4 ´ 1 ´ 1 4±2 3
(5x2 + 14x + 2 + 4x2 – 5x + 7) \ x= = =2± 3
= (x2 + 19x – 5) (9x2 + 9x + 9) 2 ´1 2
= 9(x2 + 19x – 5) (x2 + x + 1) If x = 2 + 3, then
From above it is clear that (x2 + x + 1) is a factor of
{(5x2 + 14x + 2)2 – (4x2 – 5x + 7)2}, then remainder æ 1 ö
3
1
( )
3
3 = 2+ 3 +ç
is zero. x +
x3 ç 2 + 3 ÷÷
22. (a) For x = 1, è ø
(1)29 – (1)24 + (1)13 – 1 = 1 – 1 + 1 – 1 = 0
( ) + (2 - 3 )
3 3
So, (x – 1) is a factor of x29 – x24 + x13 – 1. = 2+ 3
For x = –1,
( 3) ( ) ( 3)
3 3
+ 3 × 2 × 3 2 + 3 + (2) -
3
(–1)29 – 1(–1)24 + (–1)13 – 1 = –1 – 1 – 1 – 1 = –4 = 23 +
So, (x + 1) is not a factor of x29 – x24 + x13 – 1.
23. (b) (x + y)–1 (x–1 + y–1) (xy–1 + x–1y)–1 -3×2× 3 (2 - 3 )

-1
( 3) ( 3 ) - 12
3 3
æ 1 ö æ1 1ö æx yö =8+ + 12 3 + 18 + 18 - 3 +8
=ç + +
è x + y ÷ø çè x y ÷ø çè y x ÷ø
= 8 + 18 + 8 + 18 = 52
-1
æ 1 ö æ x + y ö æ x2+ y2 ö If x = 2 - 3,
=ç ç ÷
è x + y ÷ø çè xy ÷ø è xy ø
1
then x3 + 3 = 52
1 xy 1 x
= × = = (x2 + y2)–1.
xy x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 28. (a) Given, x + y + z = 6 and xy + yz + zx = 11
\ x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
24. (c) Given, ab – b + 1 = 0
Þ b(a – 1) = –1 = (x + y + z) [(x + y + z)2 – 3 (xy + yz + zx)]
= 6 [62 – 3 (11)] = 6 × 3 = 18
1 29. (d) x3 – 3x2 – 3x + 9 = (x2 – 3) (x – 3)
Þ b= ... (i)
1- a
Also, bc – c + 1 = 0 So, the factors are 3, - 3 and 3.
30. (c) Let a be the common factors of the given equations.
-1 + c
Þ b= ... (ii) \ a2 – 11a + a = 0 and a2 – 14a + 2a = 0
c Thus, it represents the same equation
From equations (i) and (ii),
a2 a 1
1 -1 + c \ = =
= Þ c = (1 – a) (–1 + c) -22a + 14a a - 2a -14 + 11
1- a c
Þ c = –1 + c + a – ac Þ a – ac = 1 (cross multiplication method)
25. (b) Let S = {... – 6, – 4, – 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, ...} a2 a 1
I. Now, 2 + (– 2) = 0 Î S, it is applied. Þ = =
-8a -a -3
II. Now, – 2 –2 = –4 Î S, it is applied.
III. Now, – 4 × (4) = –16 Î S, it is applied. a 1
Þ =-
IV. Now, – 4 ÷ 4 = –1 Ï S, it is not applied. -a 3
26. (c) x -1 a a2 1
2
x +1 x +1 Þ a= and =-
3 -8a 3
x2 + x
– – a2
– x +1 9 =-1
Þ
– x –1 -8a 3
+ + Þ a = 0, a = 24.
2 31. (c) Let f(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 11x + 6
Hence, r(x) = 2. Put x = –2, we get
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-139

f(–2) = 2(–2)3 – 3(–2)2 – 11(–2) + 6 38. (d) Let f(x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + ..... + an xn

= –16 – 12 + 22 + 6 = 0 \ f(1) = a0 + a1 + a2 + ..... + an
Hence, (x + 2) is a factor of f(x). Þ 1 = a0 + a1 + a2 + ..... + an
Þ 1 – a0 – a2 – ..... = a1 + a3 + .....
32. (b)
9x 2 - 2 39. (c) x
3 2
3x - 1 27x - 9x - 6x - 5
x 2 - 2 x - 3 x 3 - 2 x 2 - px - q
3 2
27x – 9x
– + x 3 – 2 x 2 – 3x
– + +
– 6x – 5
( p + 3) x – q
– 6x + 2
+ –
According to question,
–7 (p + 3)x – q = x – 6
Þ p + 3 = 1, q = 6
33. (b) Given, p « q = 2p + 2q – pq Þ p = –2, q = 6
Q 8«x=4
40. (c) Given, x = 1 + 2
Þ 2(8) + 2(x) – 8x = 4
Þ –6x = –12 \ x4 – 4x3 + 4x2 = x2 (x2 – 4x + 4) = x2 (x – 2)2
\x=2
( ) (1 + )
2 2
= 1+ 2 2 -2
34. (a)

( )( )
æ x 2 - 3x + 2 ö æ x 2 - 9 ö æ x3 + 2x 2 + 4x ö 2 2
= ( 2 - 1) = 1
2
ç ÷¸ç ÷´ç ÷ = 1+ 2 2 -1
ç x 3 - 8 ÷ ç x 2 + 7x + 12 ÷ ç x 2 + 3x - 4 ÷
è ø è ø è ø
x z
æ x - 3x + 2 x + 7x + 12 ö x + 2x + 4x
2 2 3 2 41. (a) Given, y = w
=ç ´ ÷´
ç x3 - 8 x 2 - 9 ÷ø x 2 + 3x - 4 Þ xw = yz
è
Now, (xy + zw)2 = x2 y2 + z2 w2 + 2(xy . zw)
(x - 1) (x - 2) (x + 4) (x + 3) = x2 y2 + z2 w2 + 2(yz × yz)
= ´
2
(x - 2) (x + 4 + 2x) (x - 3) (x + 3) = x2 y2 + y2 z2 + z2 w2 + y2 z2
= y2 (x2 + z2) + z2 w2 + x2 w2
x (x 2 + 2x + 4)
´ = y2 (x2 + z2) + w2 (x2 + z2)
(x - 1) (x + 4) = (x2 + z2) (y2 + w2)
x
= 1 2 1009
x-3 42. (b) Given, + + =1
x + 1 y + 2 z + 1009
é (2.3)3 - 0.027 ù
35. (b) ê ú 1 2 1009
êë (2.3)2 + 0.69 + 0.09 úû Þ -1+ -1+ -1 = 1- 3
x +1 y+2 z + 1009
(2.3)3 - (0.3)3 x y z
= Þ - - - = -2
(2.3)2 + 2.3(0.3) + (0.3) 2 x + 1 y + 2 z + 1009
= 2.3 – 0.3 = 2
x y z
[Q a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)] Þ + + =2
x + 1 y + 2 z + 1009
36. (b) 9 2 - 8 - 4 2
43. (d) Q 1 quintal = 100 kg
=9 2 -2 2 - 4 2 =3 2 3 3
\ quintal = 100 × = 150 kg
37. (b) x (y – z) (y + z) + y(z – x) (z + x) + z(x – y) (x + y) 2 2
= x(y2 – z2) + y(z2 – x2 ) + z(x2 – y2) 15
= x(y2 – z2) + yz2 – yx2 + zx2 – zy2 Given, kg = 1 unit
4
= x(y – z) (y + z) + x2 (z – y) + yz(z – y)
4
= (y – z) (xy + xz – x2 – yz) 1 kg = unit
15
= (y – z) [y(x – z) + x(z – x)]
= (y – z) (z – x) (x – y) 4
\ 150 kg = × 150 = 40 units
= (x – y) (x – z) (z – y) 15
 EBD_7336
M-140 Basic Operation and Factorisation

44. (c) Given, m = n2 – n

1 1 1
\ m2 – 2m = (n2 – n)2 – 2(n2 – n) \ + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
= n(n – 1) (n2 – n – 2) x +y -z y +z -x z + x2 - y2
2

= (n + 1) n (n – 1) (n – 2)
1 1 1
So, it is a product of consecutive number. = + +
Therefore, it is divisible by 24. -2 xy -2 yz -2 zx
45. (c) Let f(x) = x40 + 2
Put x4 = –1, 1æ z+ x+ yö
= ç ÷
f(x) = (–1)10 + 2 = 3 2 è xyz ø = 0
46. (b) Factor theorem is a special case of remainder [from equation (i)]
theorem. 51. (c) We know that, if a + b + c = 0
2 \ a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
1 æ 1ö
47. (c) \ x2 + =çx + ÷ – 2 Here, x – y + y – z + z – x = 0
2 xø
x è
( x - y )3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x ) 3
2 \
æ 1 ö 4 ( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( z - x)
= ç2 + 3 + ÷ -2
ç 2 + 3 ÷ø
è 3( x - y ) ( y - z ) ( z - x) 3
= =
2 4 ( x - y )( y - z ) ( z - x ) 4
æ 2- 3ö
= çç 2 + 3 + ÷ - 2 = 16 – 2 = 14 52. (b) Let f(x) = px3 + 3x2 – 3 and g(x) = 2x3 – 5x + p
è 1 ÷ø At x = 4,
f(4) = p(4)3 + 3(4)2 – 3
1+ x
48. (c) Given, a = = 64p + 48 – 3 = 64p + 45
2-x
and g(4) = 2(4)3 – 5(4) + p
æ 1+ x ö = 128 – 20 + p = 108 + p
3ç ÷ But f(4) = g(4)
1 2a + 1 3a 2-x ø
\ + = = è (given)
a + 1 a 2 - 1 a 2 - 1 æ 1 + x ö2
ç ÷ -1 \ 64p + 45 = 108 + p
è 2-x ø Þ 63p = 63 Þ p = 1
53. (c) Given, x(x + y + z) = 9 ... (i)
3(1 + x) (2 - x)
= y(x + y + z) = 16 ... (ii)
1 + x 2 + 2 x - (4 + x 2 - 4 x) and z(x + y + z) = 144 ... (iii)
3(1 + x ) (2 - x) (1 + x) (2 - x) On adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
= = (x + y + z) (x + y + z) = 9 + 16 + 144
6x - 3 (2 x - 1)
Þ (x + y + z)2 = 169
49. (b) Given, pq + qr + rp = 0
Þ x + y + z = 13
p2 q2 r2 [Q x(x + y + z) = 9]
\ + +
2 2 2
p - qr q - rp r - pq 9
Þ x(13) = 9 Þ x =
13
p2 q2 r2 54. (c) Given, (u)3 + (–2v)3 + (–3w)3 = 3 × (–2) (–3)uvw
= + +
p 2 + rp + pq q 2 + pq + qr r 2 + qr + rp \ u + (–2v) + (–3w) = 0
Þ u – 2v – 3w = 0
p q r
= + + Þ u – 2v = 3w
p+r +q q+ p+r r+q+ p 55. (a): x4 + 4y4 = x4 + 4y4 + 4x2y2 – 4x2 y2
p+q+r = (x2 + 2y2)2 – (2xy)2
= =1 = (x2 + 2y2 – 2xy) (x2 + 2y2 + 2xy)
p+q+r
From above it is clear that x4 + 4y4 is divisible by
50. (d) Given, x + y + z = 0 x2 + 2y2 + 2xy.
1 1 56. (b) At the same time, ratio of height and length of
Now, = .. (i) shadow of an object are same.
2 2 2 2 2
x +y -z z - 2 xy - z
6 Height of tree
1 \ =
=- 15 25
2xy
Þ Height of tree = 10m
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-141

57. (d) Given, a + b + c = 0 1 1

Þ a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc 64. (d) +
1+ 2 + 3 1- 2 + 3
a3 b3 c3
Þ + + =3 1 1
abc abc abc = +
(1 + 3) + 2 (1 + 3) - 2
a2 b2 c2
Þ + + =3 1+ 3 - 2 +1+ 3 + 2 2 (1 + 3)
bc ac ab = = =1
2 2 (1 + 3)
1 (1 + 3) - 2
58. (d) Given, x 4 + = 322 65. (d) Q (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
x4
(6)2 = 26 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
2
æ 1 ö Þ 2(ab + bc + ca) = 10
Þ ç x 2 + 2 ÷ - 2 = 322
è x ø Þ ab + bc + ca = 5
2 66. (a) 2 2
æ 2 1 ö 2 3 x + 4 xy - 5 y
Þ ç x + 2 ÷ = 324 = 18
è x ø x - 2 y 3 x - 2 x 2 y - 13 xy 2 + 10 y 3
3

1 3 x3 – 6 x 2 y
Þ x2 + = 18 – +
x2
4 x 2 y – 13 xy 2
2
æ 1ö 4 x 2 y – 8 xy 2
Þ ç x - ÷ + 2 = 18 – +
è xø
– 5 xy 2 + 10 y 3
1
Þ x- = 4 – 5 xy 2 + 10 y 3
x + –
59. (c) Given, x = (b – c) (a – d), y = (c – a) (b – d) ´
and z = (a – b) (c – d) Thus, the remainder is zero.
\ x + y + z = (b – c) (a – d) + (c – a) (b – d) 67. (a) Let f(x) = x11 + 1
+ (a – b) (c – d) = 0
Put x = –1, we get
\ x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
f (–1) = (–1)11 + 1 = –1 + 1 = 0
60. (a) x2 + 4y2 + 4y – 4xy – 2x – 8
(an + bn), where n is odd number then it is divisible
= (x – 2y)2 – 2(x – 2y) – 8
by (a + b). Then remainder is zero.
= (x – 2y)2 – 4(x – 2y) + 2(x – 2y) – 8
68. (a) Let f(x) = x2 + 4px – 11p
= (x – 2y – 4)(x – 2y + 2)
61. (d) Here, px3 + x2 – 2x – q is divisible by (x – 1) and Since, (x – 3) is a factor of f(x).
(x + 1) \ f(3) = 0
\ p(1)3 + (1)2 – 2(1) – q = 0 Þ (3)2 + 4p(3) – 11p = 0 Þ p = –9
Þp–q=1 ... (i)
x2 - 3 x + 2 x2 - 5 x + 4
and p (–1)3 + (–1)2 – 2 (–1) – q = 0 69. (b) ¸
Þp+q=3 ... (ii) x2 - 5 x + 6 x 2 - 7 x + 12
From equations (i) and (ii), x 2 - 3x + 2 ( x 2 - 7 x + 12)
p = 2 and q = 1 = ´
62. (d) On putting = 3 in x5 – 9x2 + 12x – 14, we get x2 - 5 x + 6 ( x 2 - 5x + 4)
Remainder = (3)5 – 9(3)2 + 12 × 3 – 14 ( x -1) ( x - 2) ( x - 4) ( x - 3)
= 243 – 81 + 36 – 14 = 184 = ´
( x - 3) ( x - 2) ( x - 4) ( x - 1) = 1
1 1
63. (b) Given, x - =
x 3 (2.3)3 - 0.027 (2.3)3 - (0.3) 3
70. (d) =
3 (2.3) 2 + 0.69 + 0.09 (2.3) 2 + 0.69 + 0.09
Þ 3x - = 1
x
Squaring both sides, (2.3 - 0.3) [(2.3) 2 + (0.3) 2 + 2.3 ´ 0.3)]
9 =
9x2 + 2 – 2 × 9 = 1 (2.3) 2 + 0.69 + 0.09
x
9 2 [(2.3) 2 + 0.09 + 0.69]
Þ 9x2 + 2 = 19 = =2
x (2.3) 2 + 0.69 + 0.09
 EBD_7336
M-142 Basic Operation and Factorisation

71. (a) Given, x + y + z = 0 = (x – 1) (x + 1) (x2 – 1) (x2 + 1)

xyz xyz = (x – 1) (x + 1) (x – 1) (x + 1) (x2 + 1)
\ = = (x – 1)2 (x + 1)2 (x2 + 1)
( x + y) ( y + z ) ( z + x) (- z ) (- x) (- y)
76. (c) x+5
xyz
= = -1
- xyz x + 2 x + 5 x 2 + 10k
2 3

72. (b) Here, a = 1.001 and b = 0.999 (assume) x3 + 2 x

Now, – –

a 3 + b3 (a + b) (a 2 - ab + b2 ) 5 x 2 – 2 x + 10k
= =a+b
a 2 - ab + b 2 a 2 - ab + b2 5 x 2 + 10
– –
= 1.001 + 0.999 = 2 –2 x – 10 + 10k = Remainder
73. (d) Required number of points = 4(P1 P2 P3 P4)
C Given, remainder = –2x
\ –2x – 10 + 10k = –2x
Þ 10k = 10 Þ k = 1
1
77. (c) Given that, x + =a
5 cm 5 cm x
3 cm 3 cm 1 1 æ 1 ö æ 2 1 ö
Then, x3 + x 2 + 3
+
2
= ç x3 + ÷ + çx + 2 ÷
21 cm 21 cm x x è x3 ø è x ø
P1 P2 3 2
1 cm æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
A B = ç x + ÷ - 3ç x + ÷ + ç x + ÷ - 2
1 cm è x ø è x ø è xø
3 2 3 2
P3
3 cm 3 cm P4 = a – 3a + a – 2 = a + a – 3a – 2
78. (a) Given, xyz = 1, ax = b, by = c
74. (d) According to question (2x – 1) is a factor of
b = ax Þ by = axy
4x4 – (k – 1)x3 + kx2 – 6x + 1 ... (i)
Þ byz = axyz Þ cz = a
1 79. (b) Given 3x + y = 81
On putting x = in Eq. (i), we get
2 Þ 3x + y = 34 Þ x + y = 4 ... (i)
æ1ö
4
æ1ö æ1ö
3
1
2 81x – y = 3 Þ (34)x – y = 31
4 ´ ç ÷ - (k - 1) ´ ç ÷ + k ´ ç ÷ - 6 ´ + 1 = 0
è2ø è2ø è2ø 2 1
Þx–y= ... (ii)
1 ( k - 1) k 4
Þ - + –2=0 From equations (i) and (ii),
4 8 4
k ( k - 1) 1 1 17
Þ - =2– then, x + y = 4 Þ x – y = Þ 2x =
4 8 4 4 4
2k - ( k - 1) 8 - 1 7 17
Þ = = \x=
8 4 4 8
Þ 8k – 4k + 4 = 56 80. (c) Given, x4 + xy3 + x3 y + xz3 + y4 + yz3
Þ 4k = 52 = (x4 + xy3 + xz3) + (x3y + y4 + yz3)
\ k = 13 = x(x3 + y3 + z3) + y(x3 + y3 + z3)
75. (a) f(x) = x3 + x2 – x – 1 = (x + y) (x3 + y3 + z3)
g(x) = x3 – x2 + x – 1 Thus, the equation is divisible by both (x + y) and
p(x) = f {g(x}) = p(x) × f(x)
(x3 + y3 + z3).
f(x) . g(x) = (x3 + x2 – x – 1) (x3 – x2 + x – 1) 81. (b) Given, 3 × 0.3 × 0.03 × 0.003 × 0.0003 × 30
= x6 – x5 + x4 – x3 + x5 – x4 + x3 – x2 = 3 × 3 × 10–1 × 3 × 10–2 × 3 × 10–3 × 3
– x4 + x3 – x2 + x – x3 + x2 – x + 1 × 10–4 × 3 × 10
6 –9 2 3 –3 3
p(x) = f(x) . g(x) = x6 – x4 – x2 + 1 = (3) × (10) = (3 ) (10 )
p(x) = x4 (x2 – 1) – 1(x2 – 1) 3
1 æ 9 ö
= (x2 – 1) (x4 – 1) = (x – 1) (x + 1) [(x2)2 – 1] 3
= (9) × = ç 3
÷ = (0.009) .
(1000)3 è 1000 ø
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-143

82. (c) We know that, 85. (b) Given that, expression x3 + 4x2 + 4x + k has (x + 4)
a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc as a factor, so it will satisfy that expression.
= (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) Let f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + 4x + k
\ f(–4) = 0 (by condition)
æ a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc ö
Þ (a + b + c ) = ç ÷ ... (i) Þ (–4)3 + 4(–4)2 + 4(–4) + k = 0
ç a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca ÷ Þ –64 + 64 – 16 + k = 0
è ø
Given that, \ k = 16
86. (d) Given expression is f(x) = 4x2 + 12x + k
= (2x)2 + 2.3 . (2x) + k
é(2.247)3 + (1.730)3 + (1.023)3 - 3 ´ 2.247 ù For the value of k
ê ú
êë ´ 1.730 ´ 1.023úû 2 2
é Coefficient of (2 x) ù æ6ö 2
é(2.247) + (1.730) + (1.023) - ( 2.247 ´ 1.730 ) ù
2 2 2 = ê ú = ç 2 ÷ = (3) = 9
ê ú ë 2 û è ø
êë - (1.730 ´ 1.023) - ( 2.247 ´ 1.023) úû Hence, 9 is the value of k which will make the
expression f(x) a perfect square.
= (2.247 + 1.730 + 1.023)
87. (b) Let f(x) = 6x2 + kx + 10
[from Eq. (i)]
If (x + 5) is a factor of f(x), then
= 5.000 = 5
f(–5) = 0
83. (c)
a 2 - 2a - 8 So, 6(–5)2 + k(–5) + 10 = 0
a 2 - 1 a 4 - 2 a3 - 9 a 2 + 2 a + 8 Þ 6 × 25 – 5k + 10 = 0
Þ 5k = 150 + 10 = 160
a4 – a2 \ k = 32
– +
88. (d) Let f(x) = x4 – 7x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 81
– 2 a3 – 8a 2 + 2 a + 8 By hit and trial method,
– 2 a3 + 2a x4 – 7x3 + 5x2 – 6x + 81
+ – = x3 (x – 3) – 4x2 (x – 3) – 7x(x – 3) – 27(x – 3)
– 8a 2 +8 = (x – 3) (x3 – 4x2 – 7x – 27)
2 (x – 3) is one of the factor of the given polynomial.
– 8a +8
+ – 89. (d) Given, (a + 1)4 – a4
´ = {(a + 1)2 – a2}{(a + 1)2 + a2}
= {(a + 1) + a}{(a + 1) – a}{a2 + 1 + 2a + a2}
Required factor is (a2 – 2a – 8)
= (2a + 1) (1) (2a2 + 2a + 1)
Further its factorize by spilt the middle term,
= (2a + 1) (2a2 + 2a + 1)
= a2 – 4a + 2a – 8
Hence, (2a2 + 2a + 1) is a factor of {(a + 1)4 – a4}.
= a(a – 4) + 2(a – 4)
90. (c) Given expression = 5px – 10qy + 2rpx – 4qry
= (a – 4) (a + 2)
Other two factors are (a + 2) and (a – 4). = (5px + 2rpx) – (10qy + 4qry)
84. (b) Given, 0.764 y = 1.236 x = px(5 + 2r) – 2qy(5 + 2r)
= (5 + 2r)(px – 2qy)
y 1.236 91. (a) Zero of (x + 6) is –6, i.e., x + 6
Þ = ... (i)
x 0.764 Þx=–6
Now, If (x + 6) is a factor of the expression
y f(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 4x + p
-1 Then, f(–6) = 0
y-x x
= Þ (–6)3 + 3(– 6)2 + 4(–6) + p = 0
y+x y
+1 Þ –216 + 108 – 24 + p = 0
x
\ p = 240 – 108 = 132
1.236 725 ´ 725 ´ 725 + 371 ´ 371 ´ 371
-1
0.764 1.236 - 0.764 92. (c) = 725 + 371
Þ = 725 ´ 725 - 725 ´ 371 + 371 ´ 371
1.236 1.236 + 0.764
+1
0.764 æ ö
a 3 + b3 (a + b) (a 2 - ab + b 2 )
çQ = = a +b÷
0.472 ç a 2 - ab + b2 (a 2 - ab + b 2 ) ÷
= = 0.236 è ø
2.000 = 1096
 EBD_7336
M-144 Basic Operation and Factorisation

93. (d) Statement I : 99. (c) x(y2 – z2) + y(z2 – x2) + z (x2 – y2)
When x = –3 then x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 8 If divisible by (y – z), then y – z = 0 Þ y = z
= (–3)3 + 2(–3)2 + 3(–3) + 8 On putting y = z, we get
= –10 ¹ 0 x(z2 – z2) + z(z2 – x2) + z(x2 – z2)
Hence, (x – 3) is not the factor of x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 8 = z3 – zx2 + zx2 – z3 = 0
Statement II : Hence, y – z is a factor, so it is divible by (y – z).
Similarly, Also, if z – x is a factor, then
When x = 2, then x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 8 z–x=0Þz=x
= (2)3 + 2(2)2 + 3(2) + 8 On putting z = x, we get
= 30 ¹ 0 x(y2 – x2) + y(x2 – x2) + x(x2 – y2)
Hence, x – 2 is also not the factor of = xy2 – x3 + x3 – xy2 = 0
x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 8. Hence, (z - x) is also a factor, so it is also divisible
by (z - x).
( x 2 + y 2 ) ( x - y ) - ( x - y )3 100. (d) Let f(x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6
94. (b)
x 2 y - xy 2 f(–1) = 0
\ (x + 1) is a factor of f(x).
x3 + xy 2 - x 2 y - y 3 - ( x3 - y 3 - 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 ) Also f(–2) = f(–3) = 0
=
x 2 y - xy 2 Hence (x + 2) and (x + 3) are also factors of f(x).
101. (c) x(x + a) (x + 2a) (x + 3a)
x3 + xy 2 - x 2 y - y 3 - x 3 + y 3 + 3x 2 y - 3xy 2 = (x2 + ax) (x2 + 5ax + 6a2)
=
x 2 y - xy 2 = x4 + ax3 + 5ax3 + 5a2 x2 + 6a2 x2 + 6a3 x
= x4 + ax(x2 + 5x2 + 5ax + 6ax + 6a2)
2 x 2 y - 2 xy 2 2( x 2 y - xy 2 ) = x4 + ax(6x2 + 11ax + 6a2) ... (i)
= = =2 So, for terms to be perfect square,
x 2 y - xy 2 x 2 y - xy 2
= (x + y)2 (x + y)2 = (x2 + 2xy + y2) (x2 + y2 + 2xy)
95. (b) Here, x + 5 is a factor. = x4 + 2x3 y + x2 y2 + x2 y2 + 2xy3 + y4 + 2x3 y
So, + 4x2 y2 + 2xy3
x+5=0 4 2 2
= x + xy(4x + 6xy + 4y ) + y 4
Þ x = –5 On comparing equations. (i) and (ii), as y = a
Now, when x = –5, then a4 must be added to make it a perfect square.
x3 + 3x2 + 4x + k = (–5)3 + 3 × (–5)2 + 4 × (–5) + k 102. (b) Let f(x) = 3x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 3
= –125 + 75 – 20 + k = –70 + k
æ 2ö
since (x – 5) is a factor of x3 + 3x2 + 4x + k Remainder = f ç - ÷
\ –70 + k = 0 è 3ø
\ k = 70 æ 2ö
4
æ 2 ö æ 2ö
3 2
æ 2ö
96. (c) (1 – x) (1 + x2) = 1 – x + x2 – x3 = 3 ç - ÷ - 2 çç - ÷÷ + 3 ç - ÷ - 2 ç - ÷ + 3
è 3ø è 3 ø è 3ø è 3ø
2x3 – x2 + x – 1 is added to 1 – x + x2 – x3
to obtain x3. 185
=
97. (c) (49)2 – (25)2 = 37x 27
Þ 2401 – 625 = 37x 103. (b) Given the f(x) = 2x3 + x2 – 2x + 1
Þ 1776 = 37x = x2 (2x + 1) – 1(2x + 1) = (2x + 1) (x2 – 1)
= (2x + 1) (x + 1) (x – 1)
1776 Hence, expression is divisible by (2x + 1).
x= = 48
37 æ 1 ö 17
98. (d) If x –1 is a factor, then x = 1, then 104. (b) ç x 2 + ÷=
è x2 ø 4
4x5 + 9x4 – 7x3 – 5x2 – 4kx + 3k2 = 0
Þ 4 × (1)5 + 9 × (1)4 – 7 × (1)3 – 5 × (1)2 2 1 17
Þ x + 2
+ 2-2 =
–4 × k × (1) + 3 × k2 = 0 x 4
Þ 4 + 9 – 7 – 5 – 4k + 3k2 = 0 æ 1ö 17
2
Þ 3k 2 – 4k + 1 = 0 Þ çx- ÷ +2=
è xø 4
Þ 3k2 – 3k – k + 1 = 0
2
Þ 3k (k – 1) – 1(k – 1) = 0 æ 1ö 17
Þ çx- ÷ = -2
Þ (3k – 1) (k – 1) = 0 è xø 4
1 2
k= ,1 æ 1ö 9
Þ çx- ÷ =
3 è xø 4
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-145

109. (b) x2 + 2(1 + k) x + k2 = 0.

æ 1ö 3
Þ çx- ÷ = If it has equal roots, then D = 0
è xø 2 Þ {2(1 + k)}2 - 4k2 = 0
On cubing both sides, we get Þ 4(1 + k2 + 2k) - 4k2 = 0
3 3 Þ 4 + 4k2 + 8k - 4k2 = 0 Þ 4 + 8k = 0
æ 1ö æ3ö
çx- ÷ = ç ÷ 4
è xø è2ø Þ k= –
8
3 1 1 æ 1 ö 27 1
Þ x - - 3 ´ .x ç x - ÷ = \ k= –
x3 x è xø 8 2
110. (a) f(x) = 2x3 + x2 – x – 2
3 1 27 æ3ö
Þ x - 3
= + 3´ç ÷ = (x – 1) (2x2 + 3x + 2)
x 8 è2ø and g(x) = 3x3 – 2x2 + x – 2
= (x – 1) (3x2 + x + 2)
1 27 9
Þ x3 - 3 = + Therefore, the highest common factor of f(x) and
x 8 2 g(x) is (x–1).
1 63 1235 ´ 4523 ´ 2451
\ x3 - 3 = 111. (b)
x 8 12
1235, 4523 and 2451 is divided by 12 then its
105. (a) Given, (x + k) is the common factor of x2 + ax +
remainder are 11, 11 and 3 respectively
b and x2 + cx + d.
\ k2 – ka + b = 0 ...(i) 11´ 11´ 3 æ 11 ö æ 11 ö æ 3 ö
= = ç ÷´ç ÷´ç ÷
k2 – kc + d = 0 ...(ii) 12 è 12 ø è 12 ø è 12 ø
Now, from equation (i) and equation (ii) = (–1) × (–1) × 3 (By Negative Concept of Remainder)
k2 – ka + b = k2 – kc + d = 1 × 3 = 3 (Remainder)
Þ k (c – a) = d – b 112. (a) If (x–5) is a factor of x3 –3x2 + hx –10
then x – 5 = 0 Þ x = 5
d -b
\k= So, Þ (5)3– 3 × (5)2 + k × 5 – 10 = 0
c-a Þ 125 – 75 + 5k – 10 = 0
106. (c) Let f (x) = x5 – 5x2 + 125 Þ 5 k = – 40
\ Required remainder = f (–5) = (–5)2 –5 (–5)2 + 125 \ k = –8
= – 3125 – 125 + 125 = – 3125
107. (a) We have, ab (x2 + 1) + x (a2 + b2). 113. (c) x3q2 – x3pt + 4x2pt – 4x2q2 + 3xq2–3xpt
If we put x = 1
= abx2 + ab + a2x + b2x = ax(a + bx) + b(a + bx)
= q2 – pt + 4pt – 4q2 + 3q2 – 3pt = 0
= (a + bx) (ax + b)
So, (x –1) is a factor of this function of we put x = 3
and ab (x2 – 1) + x (a2 – b2) Checking x = 3 also,
= abx2 – ab + a2x – b2x = ax(a + bx) + b(a + bx) = 27q2 – 27pt + 36pt – 36q2 + 9q2 – 9pt = 0
= (a + bx) (ax – b) So, (x – 1) and (x – 3) both are factors.
Lowest common multiple
1 1 1 1
= (a + bx) (ax + b) (ax – b) 114. (b) ∗ ∗ ...... ∗
= (a + bx) (a2x2 – b2) 1´ 4 4 ´ 7 7 ´10 16 ´19
108. (c) 1. Given, 3abc + b3 + c3 – a3 1é 3 3 3 3 ù
Þ ê ∗ ∗ ∗ ...... ∗ ú
= – (a3 – b3 – c3 – 3abc) 3 êë 1´ 4 4 ´ 7 7 ´10 16 ´19 úû
= – [a3 + (–b)3 + (–c)3 – 3(a) (–b) (–c)]
1 é 1 æç 1 1 ÷ö æç 1 1 ÷ö ...... æç 1 1 öù
= – (a – b – c) (a2 + b2+ c2 + ab – bc + ac) Þ ê1 , ∗ ç , ÷ ∗ ç , ÷ ∗
÷ ÷ ∗ ç , ÷÷÷ú
ê ç ç
3 ë 4 è 4 7 ø è 7 10 ø ç
è16 19 øúû
Hence, (a – b – c) is a factor of 3abc + b3 + c3 – a3
Therefore, Statement 1 is correct. 1 æç 1ö
Given, 3bc + b3 + c3 – 1 Þ çç1, ÷÷÷
3 è 19 ø
= b3 + c3 – (1)3– 3bc (–1)
= (b + c – 1) [b2 + c2 + 12 – bc + c + b] 1 18
´ <
6
Þ
Hence, (b+c–1) is a factor of 3bc + b3 + c3 – 1. 3 19 19
Therefore, Statement 2 is also correct. So, option (b) is correct
 EBD_7336
M-146 Basic Operation and Factorisation

1
∋ x ,1(2 Þ 3,
1
115. (c) 4< æ ö
∋ x ,1( çç1, 91 ÷÷3
è 216 ø÷
when x > 1–
1
∋x ,1( Þ 3,
4= <1 æ 125 ö÷3
1
x ,1 ç
when x < 1– çè 216 ø÷÷

0 1 6 15 , 6 9
y= < undefined Þ 3, = 3, = =
æ 5 ö÷ 5 5 5
0 ç ÷
So, option (c) is correct. çè 6 ø÷
116. (c) x3 – 3x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 So, option (a) is correct.
as a, b and c are the roots- 119. (a) Let a be common root of both the equations
Þ ab + bc + ca = 2 ----- (i) x2 – px + q = 0 and x2 + qx – p = 0
abc = –1 ----- (ii)
Dividing eq (i) by eq (ii)- so a2 – pa + q = 0 ...(i)
and a + qa – p = 0
2
...(ii)
∋ab ∗ bc ∗ ca ( 2
< From (i) we get a2 = pa – q
abc ,1
Putting in (ii), we get
ab bc ca a2 + qa – p = 0
∗ ∗ < ,2
abc abc abc Þ pa – q + qa – p = 0
1 1 1 Þ (p + q)a – (p + q) = 0
∗ ∗ < ,2
c a b Þ (p + q)a = p + q
Þ a=1
1 1 1
∗ ∗ < ,2 From (i) we get l2 – p.1 + q = 0
a b c
Þ –p + q = 0
So, option (c) is correct.
117. (c) If (x + 2) is a factor, x = –2 will satisfy the expression Þ p–q=0
Þ x4 – 6x3 + 12x2 – 24 x + 32 \ option (a) is correct.
Þ (–2)4 – 6(–2)3 + 12 (–2)2 – 24 (–2) + 32 120. (b) 121. (c) 122. (c)
Þ 16 + 48 + 48 + 48 + 32 ¹ 0
Again, x a + 2b + a - 2b
123. (a) =
Þ x4 + 6x3 – 12x2 + 24 x – 32 1 a + 2b - a - 2b
Þ (–2)4 + 6(–2)3 –12(–2)2 + 24(–2) – 32 Applying componendo and dividendo, we get
Þ 16 – 48 – 48 – 48 – 32 ¹ 0
Again if (x – 2) is a factor, x = 2 will satisfy the x + 1 2 a + 2b
=
expression- x - 1 2 a - 2b
Þ x4 – 6x3 + 12x2 – 24x + 32
Þ (214 – 6(213 + 12(2)2 – 24(2) + 32 x +1 a + 2b
Þ =
Þ 16 – 48 + 48 – 48 + 32 = 0 x -1 a - 2b
Again
Squaring on both sides, we get
Þ x4 + 6x3 – 12x2 + 24x – 32
Þ (2)4 + 6(2)3 – 12(2)2 + 24(2) – 32 ( x + 1) 2 a + 2b
Þ 16 + 48 – 48 + 48 – 32 ¹ 0 =
So, option (c) is correct. ( x - 1) 2 a - 2b

91 Again applying componendo and dividendo, we get

118. (a) x=
216
x 2 + 1 + 2x + x 2 + 1 - 2x 2a a
= =
1 2 2 4ab 2b
Þ 3, x + 1 + 2x - x - 1 + 2x
1
∋1 , x(3
Þ
(
2 x2 + 1 )= a
4x 2b
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-147

x2 + 1 a Þ k2 – k3
Þ =
x b 1 d
=
Þ bx2 + b = ax Þ a a
Þ bx2 – ax + b = 0 d
\ Option (a) is correct. which is not possible
124. (a) Given a3 = 117 + b3 ...(1) d d
and a = 3 + b Þ =
a a
Putting the value of a in (1), we get Þ only (1) is true.
(3 + b)3 = 117 + b3 \ Option (a) is correct.
27 + b3 + 9b2 + 27b = 117 + b3 126. (d) Given (x + 1) is a factor of x3 + kx2 – x + 2 ...(1)
9b2 + 27b – 90 = 0 \ x = –1 satisfies the equation (1), we get
b2 + 3b – 10 = 0 (– 1)3 + k(– 1)2 – (– 1) + 2 = 0
(b + 5) (b – 2) = 0 –1+k+1+2=0
b ¹ – 5 (Q b > 0 ) k= –2
Þ b= 2 \ Option (d) is correct.
\ a=3+b=3+2 127. (c) Inequations are
Þ a=5 x + y £ 4 and x – y ³ 2
Thus a + b = 5 + 2 = 7 To check point P(5, – 1), we get
\ Option (a) is correct. 5 – 1 £ 4 and 5 + 1 ³ 2
4 £ 4 and 6 £ 2
a b c
125. (a) Let = = =k P is true.
b c d
To check Q(3, – 2), we get
Þ a = bk, c = ck, c = dk 3 – 2 £ 4 and 3 + 2 ³ 2
Þ abc = bcdk3 1 £ 4 and 5 ³ 2
Þ a = dk3 Q is true.
b3 + c3 + d 3 d To check R(1, 1) we get
(1) =
3
a +b +c 3 3 a 1 + 1 £ 4 and 1 – 1 ³ 2
2 £ 4 and 0 ³ 2
a 2 + b 2 + c2 a R is not true.
(2) =
2 2 2 d
b +c +d \ Option (c) is correct.
128. (b) x2 = y + z, y2 = z + x, z2 = x + y
b3 + c 3 + d 3 d
Þ = 1 x
3 3
b k +c k +d k 3 3 3 3 a x2 + x = x + y + z; =
x +1 x + y + z
b 2 k 2 + c2 k 2 + d 2 k 2 a 1 y
Þ =
2
b +c +d 2 2 d y2 + y = x + y + z; y + 1 = x + y + z

b 3 + c3 + d 3 d 1 z
= =
Þ
(b 3
+c +d 3 3
)k 3 a z2 + z = x + y + z;
z +1 x + y + z

x y z x+ y+z
(b 2 + c 2 + d 2 )k 2 a Þ + + = =1
Þ = x+y+z x+y+z x+y+z x+ y+z
b 2 + c2 + a 2 d
129. (d) 2122 + 462 + 842 + 464 + 2130
1 d 2122 + 2124 + 2126 + 2128 + 2130
Þ 3
= 2122 [1 + 22 + 24 + 26+ 28]
k a
2122 [1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + 256]
a 2122 [341]
Þ k2 =
d
 EBD_7336
M-148 Basic Operation and Factorisation

2 1
x 2 + ax + a 2 x 2 - ax + a 2
130. (c) - 135. (b) x= 2 + 23 + 23
x 3 - a3 x3 + a3
2 1
2
x + ax + a 2 2
x - ax + 1a 2 (x – 2) = 23 + 23
Þ 2 2 – 2 2 3
(x - a)(x + ax + a ) (x + a)(x - ax + a ) æ 2 1ö

(x – 2)3 = çç 2 + 2 ÷÷
3 3
1 1
Þ - è ø
x -a x +a
2 1
x+a-x+a 2a x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 4 + 2 + 3 (2) 3 (2) 3
Þ Þ
x2 - a2 x2 - a 2 x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 6 + 6 (x – 2)
Q 4x + 3a = 0 x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x = 6 + 6x – 12
x3 – 6x2 + 6x = 2
-3a
x= x y 24
4 - =
136. (c) , x + y = 26
y x 5
-3a
putting x = x-y 24
4 =
xy 5
2a 2a ´16 32
Þ = Þ–
æ -3a ö 2
2 9a 2 - 16a 2 7a 24 xy
ç ÷ -a
x–y= ....(i)
è 4 ø 5
x + y = 26 ...(ii)
1 1 Squaring and subtracting (i) from (ii)
1 3 2
131. (b) x + 1+ = 2 Þ x + 1+ =2 æ 24 xy ö
1 7 (x + y)2 – (x – y)2 = (26)2 – çç ÷÷
2+
3 è 5 ø
7 576xy
Þx+ =2 4xy = 676 –
10 25
137. (a) a + b = 5 ab = 6
7 13
x= 2– = (a + b)3 = 125
10 10 a3 + b3 + 3ab (a+ b) = 125
132. (c) Putting x = -4 in equations we find option c satisfy a3 + b3 + 3 (6) (5) = 125
the equation x2 – 7x - 44 = 0 a3 + b3 = 125 - 90 = 35
(-4)2 – 7 (–4) – 44 = 0
44 – 44 = 0 576xy
4xy + = 676
1 25
t
133. (c) x= t -1 , y =
t
-
676xy = 25 × 676
t 1
t
xy = 25
1 138. (c) The given polynomial is of the form a x3 + bx2 + cx + d
y= (( t ) )
t t -1
Let a, b and g be three zeroes of the given
polynomial.
1
y = tx, t = ( y ) x ...(i) -b
Then, sum of the zeroes i.e. a + b + g = = -4
1 a
x = t t -1 Product of the zeroes (taken two at a time) i.e.
t c
xt = t 1
t - ...(ii) = ab + bg + ga = = -11
a
on comparing equation (i) and (ii) Product of the zeroes (individual)
y
=y -d
xx i.e. abg = = 30
a
xy = yx
Now, we will check each option for the correct
134. (d)
answer.
In option (a), we have 2, –3 and –5 as three zeroes.
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-149

Sum of these zeroes is – 6 and product of these ze- 142. (a) We are given that (x + 2) is a common factor of x2 + ax
roes is 30. + b and x2 + bx + a.
In option (b), we have –2, –3 and 5 as three zeroes. Let f (x) = x2 + ax + b and g (x) = x2 + bx + a. Let p(x)
Sum of these zeroes is 0 and product of these zeroes = x + 2.
is 30. This means x + 2 = 0 Þ x = – 2 and so, –2 is a zero of
In option (c), we have –2, 3 and –5 as three zeroes. f (x) and g (x).
Sum of these zeroes is – 4 and product of these Therefore,
zeroes is 30.
In option (d), we have –2, 3 and 5 as three zeroes. x2 + ax + b = (-2)2 - 2a + b = 4 - 2a + b and
Sum of these zeroes is 6 and product of these zeroes x2 + bx + a = ( -2) 2 - 2b + a = 4 - 2b + a
is 30.
Out of these options, only results of option (c) Both polynomials are same.
matches with the results calculated above. Thus,
Thus, our correct answer is (c). 4 - 2a + b = 4 - 2b + a Þ -2a + b = -2b + a
139. (b) We are given x = 111 ...1(20 digits), y = 333 ...3(10 3a
digits) and z = 222 ...2(10 digits) Þ b + 2b = a + 2a Þ 3a = 3b Þ =1
3b
Therefore,
Þ a : b = 1:1
143. (a) According to remainder theorem, when a polynomial
x - y 2 111¼1( 20digits ) - (333¼3) (10digits )
2
= say p (x) is divided by (x – a), the remainder is p(a).
z 222 ¼2 (10digits ) Therefore, when the given polynomial f (x) is divided
111¼1( 20digits ) - ( 3) (111¼1) (10digits )
2 2 by (ax – b), then the remainder is
=
222¼ 2 (10digits ) æ bö
f (ax - b = 0) Þ f (ax = b) Þ f ç x = ÷ .
è aø
111¼1( 20digits ) 9 (111¼1)(10 digits )
= - æ bö
2 (111¼1)(10digits ) 2 Hence, the remainder is f ç ÷ .
è aø
Since 111111 ¸ 111 = 1001, therefore 144. (b)
111¼1( 20digits ) 9 (111¼1)(10digits ) ( x + 2)( x - 2)( x3 - 2 x 2 + 4 x - 8)( x3 + 2 x 2 + 4 x + 8)
-
2 (111¼1)(10digits ) 2 = ( x 2 - 4)[ x 2 ( x - 2) + 4( x - 2)][ x 2 ( x + 2) + 4( x + 2)]
10000000001 - 999¼9 (10 digits ) = ( x 2 - 4)( x - 2)( x 2 + 4)( x + 2)( x 2 + 4)
=
2 = ( x 2 - 4)( x 2 - 4)( x 2 + 4)2
Now, since 1001 – 999 = 2 and 10001 – 9999 = 2,
= ( x 2 - 4)2 ( x 2 + 4)2
10000000001 - 999 ¼9 (10 digits ) 2 = {( x 2 - 4)( x 2 + 4)}2
therefore = =1
2 2
= ( x 4 - 16) 2
140. (d) Let f ( x) = 5x3 + 5 x2 - 6 x + 9 and g ( x) = x + 3 145. (c) We can simply check the product of the constants in
each option whether it yields the constant term or
To find the remainder, g (x) should be equal to zero. not i.e. –72.
Therefore, g (x) = x + 3 = 0 Þ x = – 3
Therefore, in option (a), there would be no constant
Putting this value of f (x) in, we get term as each term will contain a variable x.
f (x) = 5.( -3)3 + 5.(-3) 2 - 6.( -3) + 9 In option (b), we get the product of the constants as
–1 × 6 × –12 i.e. 72.
f ( x ) = 5. - 27 + 5.9 + 18 + 9 In option (c), we get the product of the constants as
–1 × 6 × 12 i.e. –72.
= -135 + 45 + 27 = -63
In option (d), we get the product of the constants as
Thus, the remainder is – 63. 1 × –6 × –12 i.e. 72.
141. (c) 8 x3 - y3 = (2 x)3 - ( y )3 = (2 x - y)(4 x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy) Thus, option (c) is correct.
146. (c) Since we are given that a and c are co-prime i.e. HCF
(2 x - y )(4 x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy ) of a and c is 1, therefore we can say that a definitely
Quotient = = 2x - y divides d exactly. So, a is a factor of d.
2 xy + 4 x 2 + y 2
 EBD_7336
M-150 Basic Operation and Factorisation

147. (c) We are given that ab + bc + ca = 0

a2 -1
Therefore, ab + bc + ca = 0 Þ ab + ca = -bc 151. (c) =5
a
Similarly, bc + ca = – ab and ab + bc = – ca
Now, a2 1
Þ - =5
a a
a2 b2 c2
+ 2 + 2
2
a - bc b - ca c - ab 1
Þ a- =5
a
a2 b2 c2
= 2
+ 2 + 2
a + ab + ca b + ab + bc c + bc + ca a6 - 1 a6 1 1
3
= 3
- 3
= a3 -
a 2
b 2
c 2
a a a a3
Þ + +
a ( a + b + c) b ( a + b + c) c( a + b + c) 3
æ
1 1ö 1æ 1ö
Þ
a
+
b
+
c a3 - = a - ÷ + 3.a. ç a - ÷
3 çè
a a ø a è aø
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
a+b+c = (5)3 + 3 × 5 = 125 + 15 = 140
Þ =1
a+b+c 152. (a) x + 3 is a factor of x3 + 3x2 + 4x + k
148. (b) We know that if a + b + c = 0 then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc x+3=0 \x= –3
Now
( x - y )( y - z )( z - x )
Now, we have x3 + 3x2 + 4x + k = 0
( x - y ) 3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x )3
(–3)3 + 3x(–3)2 + 4 × (–3) + k = 0
Since, here, ( x - y ) + ( y - z ) + ( z - x ) = 0 there- –27 + 27 – 12 + k = 0
k – 12 = 0
fore, ( x - y)3 + ( y - z)3 + ( z - x)3 \ k = 12
= 3( x - y)( y - z )( z - x) 153. (b) 3x3 + 4x2 – 7 = 0
according to the option
Thus,
checking option (a)
( x - y )( y - z )( z - x ) x= 0
( x - y ) 3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x )3 3 × 03 + 4 × 02 – 7 = 0 + 0 – 7 = –7
checking option (b)
( x - y )( y - z )( z - x ) 1 x= 1
= =
3( x - y )( y - z )( z - x) 3 3 × (1)3 + 4 × (1)2 – 7 = 3 + 4 – 7 = 0
Hence, 1 is the zero of polynomial 3x3 + 4x2 – 7.
149. (d) 517 + 518 + 519 + 520
154. (d) According to the options
= 517 (1 + 51 + 52 + 53)
If we take k = 7 then remainder is –7
= 517 (1 + 5 + 25 + 125)
Hence, check the options.
= 517 × 156 = 517 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 13
155. (a)
Hence, this number is completely divisible by 13.
156. (c) From option {let P = 2, q = 4 and r = 8}
b z
150. (a) + = 1 (given) 1 -P 2
y c (a) = = - = - 0.5
a +b q 4
b z c-z y c -c
=1- = \ = = 1 1 a +b -q 4
y c c b c-z z-c (b) + = = = - = - 0.5
a b ab r 8
c x
+ = 1 (given) 1 P 2
z a (c) - = - = - = - 0.25
x c z-c a z ab r 8
=1- = \ =
a z z x z -c ab r 8
(d) =- =- =-2
ab + xy ab xy a y a +b q 4
= + = +
bx bx bx x b 1
\ - is greatest
z æ -c ö z c z-c ab
= +ç ÷ = - = =1
z - c è z - cø z - c z - c z-c
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-151

157. (c) Let three consecutive natural numbers are (n –1), n 161. (b) ab + bc + ca = 0
and (n + 1) –ab = c(b + a)ü
Then, ï
(n – 1)2 + n2 + (n + 1)2 = 110 –bc = a(b + c) ý .........(i)
3n2 + 2 = 110 –ca = b(a + c) ïþ
Þ 3n2 = 108 Þ n = 6 ATQ,
Hence, three consecutive natural number are 5, 6, 7.
Now, 53 + 63+ 73 = 125 + 216 + 343 = 684. (b 2 – ca)(c 2 – ab) + (a 2 – bc)(c 2 – ab) + (a 2 – bc)(b 2 – ca)
(a 2 – bc)(b 2 – ca)(c 2 – ab)
1 1 1 2
158. (c) + - = 1 1 1
m n mn 5 + +
a 2 – bc b2 – ca c 2 – ab
n + m -1 2
= Þ 2m = 5(m + n - 1) 1 1 1
mn 5 + +
a(a + b + c) b(a + b + c) c(a + b + c)
Þ (2mn – 5n) = 5(m – 1) ; n (2m – 5) = 5(m – 1) From (i)
5(m - 1) bc + ac + ab
or n = (2m - 5) =0
(a + b + c)abc
As m, n > 0 and integer, then. 162. (c) x + (x + 2)/2x = x + ½ + 1 / x
So we have to find the minimum of x + 1 / x and add
5(m - 1) 5 ½ to it
(2m - 5) > 0 Þ m > 1 and m ¹
2 As AM > GM, So (x + 1/x)/2 > Ö (x × 1/x)
But for m = 2, n < 0, m³3 Or x + 1 / x > 2
So min of x + (x + 2)/ 2x = 2 + 1 / 2 = 5/2
5(3 –1)
For m = 3, n = (6 – 5) = 10 . 1 + px 1 - qx
163. (a) =1
1 - px 1 + qx
5 ´ (4 –1) On squaring and cross multiplying we get
For m = 4, n= =5 2
(8 – 5) æ 1 + px ö
2
æ 1 + qx ö
ç 1 - px ÷ = çç 1 - qx ÷÷
5(5 –1) è ø è ø
For m = 5, n= =4
5 1 + p 2 x 2 + 2 px 1 + qx
=
5(6 –1) 5 ´ 5 1 + p 2 x 2 - 2 px 1 - qx
For m = 6, n = (12 – 5) = 7 On applying componendo and dividendo
(Not a integer) 1 + p 2 x 2 + 2 px + 1 + p 2 x 2 - 2 px 1 + qx + 1 - qx
=
1 + p 2 x 2 + 2 px - 1 - p 2 x 2 + 2 px 1 + qx - 1 + qx
5(10 –1)
For m = 10, n = (20 – 5) = 3 2(1 + p 2 x 2 ) 2
=
4 px 2qx
For other value of m, we will not get positive integer
1 + p 2 x2 1
value of n. = Þ q + p 2 x2 q = 2 p
2p q
There, pair (m, n) = (3, 10), (4, 5) (5, 4) and (10, 3)
159. (b) As, H is H.M. of P and Q. 1 2p -q
Þ\ x = ±
2P.Q p q
\ H= 16 1 1 1 1
P+Q 164. (b) = = = =
23 23 7 æ 1 ö 1+ 1
1+ 1+ ç ÷
H H (2P + 2Q) 2(P + Q) 16 16 16 æ2ö
ç ÷ 2+ç ÷
Now, P + Q = P + Q = P + Q = 2 è 7 ø è7ø
1 1
160. (a) Given expression are = =
æ ö æ ö
G(x, y) = 3x3–2x2y –13xy2 + 10y3 ç ÷ ç ÷
1 1
Factor is x–2y = 0 Þ x = 2y 1+ ç ÷ 1+ ç ÷
\ G(2y) = 3(2y)3 – 2(2y)2.y – 13(2y).y2 + 10y3 ç æ 1 ö÷ ç æ 1 ö÷
ç 2+ç 7 ÷ ÷ ç 2+ç 1 ÷÷
= 24y3 – 8y3 – 26y3 + 10y3 = 0 ç ç ÷ ÷ ç ç 3+ ÷ ÷
è è 2 øø è è 2 øø
 EBD_7336
M-152 Basic Operation and Factorisation

On comparing equations we get a = 1, b = 2 and c = 3 171. (b) We know if a + b + c = 0,

Mean = a + b + c/3 = 6/3 = 2 then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
165. (c) For the equation, Ö (a – b) 2 + Ö (b – a)2 Here
(x –y) + (y – z) + (z – x) = 0
Where a and b are real numbers, Þ (x – y)3 (y – z)3 + (z – x)3
The roots of any square number is always positive = 3(x – y)(y – z) (z – x)
and hence it can be zero only at a = b
So the above equation is positive only when a ¹ b (x – y)3 + (y – z)3 + (z – x)3
\
166. (c) a/ (b + c) = b/ (c + a) = c/ (a + b) 9(x – y)(y – z)(z – x)
Taking reciprocal and adding 1 to each ratio we get; 3(x – y)(y – z)(z – x) 1
(b + c)/a + 1 = b/ (c + a) + 1= c/ (a + b) + 1 = =
9(x – y)(y – z)(z – x) 3
or (a + b + c)/a = (a + b + c)/b = (a + b + c)/c
So this can only be equal when a = b = c or a + b + c = 0 1 x 2 +1 26
172. (c) x+ = =
When a = b = c we get a/ (b + c) = ½ x x 5
5x2 – 26x + 5 = 0
When a + b + c = 0 we get b + c = – a The qadridic eq. will have two different solution.
So a/ (b + c) = – 1
1
So the ratios are ½ or – 1 Required real number = 5 and
5
167. (d) Since x2 + ax + b when divided by x – 1 or x + 1
leaves the same remainder 36 1 3 1
173. (a) = 3+ =
11 1 11 1
So on putting x = 1 and x = –1 we get the same value x+ x+
1 1
1+a+b=1–a+b y+ y+
z z
2a = 0
a=0 1 11 2
Þ x+ = =3+
Hence b can take any integer value 1 3 3
y+
168. (a) We know that when a + b +c = 0, then z
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc 1 2 1 3 1 1
Þ x = 3, = Þ y+ = Þ y + =1+
In the above question, 1 3 z 2 z 2
y+
(x – y ) + (y – z) + (z – x) = 0 z
Therefore, Þ y = 1, z = 2
(x – y)3 + (y – z)3 + (z – x)3 = 3 (x – y) (y – z) (z –x) Þ x + y+ z = 3 + 1+ 2 = 6

( x - y )3 + ( y - z )3 + ( z - x )3 174. (c) Let y = x – x2

dy
3( x - y )( y - z )( z - x ) Differentiationy both, side w.r.t.x = 1 – 2x
dx
3( x - y )( y - z )( z - x ) dy 1
= =1 At max. = 0 Þ 1– 2x=0 Þ x= = 0.5
3( x - y )( y - z )( z - x ) dx 2
175. (a) For k= 0, x3 – 7x + 6 = 0
169. (c) ax = by = cz = k x2 (x – 1) + x(x – 1) –6(x – 1) = 0
a = k1/x (x – 1)(x2 + x – 6) = 0
b = k1/y (x – 1)(x + 3)(x – 2) = 0
c = k 1/z \ x = 1, 2, and –3
given b2 = ac, putting the above values of a, b, c in Hence, for k = 0, given expression can be resolved
the equation we get into three linear factors.
k2/y = k1/x × k1/z 176. (a) x4 – x2 + 7x + 5
2/y = 1/x + 1/z = (x + 2) (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d) + k
1 = ax4 + (b + 2a) x3 + (c + 2b)x2 + (d + 2c)x + 2d + k
170. (d) 2
will be maximum
x + 5x +10 On Equating the coefficient, we get
when x2 + 5x + 10 will be minimum
Minimum value of x2 + 5x + 10 a = 1, b + 2a = 0, c + 2b = –1
D d + 2c = 7, 2d + k = 5
=– {where D = Discriminant = –15}
4a Þ a = 1, b = –2, c = 3, d = 1
15 4
= Maximum value of expression =
4 15
Basic Operation and Factorisation M-153

177. (a) (x – a) (x – b) (x –c) f (a) – f (b)

b = f (a) – aa = f (a) – a
= (x2 – ax – bx + ab) (x – c) (a – b)
Solving the question
= x3 – ax2 – bx2 + abx – cx2 + acx + bcx – abc
(x – b)f (a) – (x – a)f (b)
= x3 – x2 (a + b + c) + x (ab + ac + bc) – abc ax + b = a –b
178. (a) f(x) = x3 + 4x2 + px + q 2
181. (d) x – 1 = 0 \ x = ±1
Now, (x –1) and (x + 2) divide take x = –1
a–b+c– d+e=0
f(x). so, f(1) = f(–2) = 0 \ a+c+e=b+ d
f(1) = 13 + 4 × 12 + p×1 + q = 0 Þ p + q = –5 8 1
182. (c) x + 8 = 47
f(2) = –8 + 16 – 2p + q = 0 Þ q –2p = –8 x
on solving p = 1, q = –6 2
æ 4 1 ö 8 1
çx + 4 ÷ =x + 8 +2
1 1 1 1 è x ø x
179. (b) m –n
+ n –m
= m
+ n
a –1 a –1 a a 1
–1 m –1 Þ x4 + = 47 + 2 = 7
an a x4
an am an am æ 2 1 ö
2
1
= + = – 4
am – an an – am a m – an am – a n ç x + 2 ÷ =x + 4 +2
è x ø x
am – an 1
=– = –1 Þ x2 + = 7 + 2 =3
am – an x2
180. (c) f(x) = c(x – a) (x –b) + ax + b æ 2 1 ö
3
1 æ 2 1 ö
6
Required Remainder is ax + b ç x + 2 ÷ = x + 6 + 3ç x + 2 ÷
è x ø x è x ø
f(a) = aa + b; f(b) = ab + b
1
f (a) – f (b) Þ x6 + = (3)3 – 3(3) =18
a= x6
(a – b)
 EBD_7336
M-154 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

CHAPTER
Linear Equations in One
14 and Two Variables

1. Assertion (A) : The equations 2x – 3y = 5 and 9. The solution of the equations

6y – 4x = 11 cannot be solved graphically. 3x – y + 1 2x + y + 2 3x + 2y + 1
Reason (R) : The equations given above represent = =
parallel lines. [2007-I] 3 5 6
(a) A and R are correct and R is correct explanation is given by which one of the following? [2008-II]
of A (a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 1
(b) A and R are correct but R is not correct explanation (c) x = –1, y = –1 (d) x = 1, y = 2
of A 10. A person bought 5 tickets from a station P to a station
(c) A is correct but R is wrong Q and 10 tickets from the station P to a station R. He
paid ` 350. If the sum of a ticket from P to Q and a ticket
(d) A is wrong but R is correct
from P to R is ` 42, then what is the fare from P to Q?
2. If a two-digit number is added to a number obtained by
[2009-I]
reversing the digits of the given number, then the sum
(a) ` 12 (b) ` 14 (c) ` 16 (d) ` 18
is always divisible by which one of the following
11. Pooja started her job with certain monthly salary and
numbers? [2007-II] gets a fixed increment every year. If her salary was
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11 ` 4200 after 3 years and ` 6800 after 8 years of service,
3. A train started from a station with a certain number of then what are her initial salary and the annual increment,
1 respectively? [2009-I]
passengers. At the first halt, rd of its passengers got (a) ` 2640, ` 320 (b) ` 2460, ` 320
3 (c) ` 2460, ` 520 (d) ` 2640, ` 520
down and 120 passengers got in. At the second halt, 12. What is the solution of the equations x – y = 0.9 and
half of the passengers got down and 100 persons got 11(x + y)–1 = 2? [2009-I]
in. Then, the train left for its destination with 240 (a) x = 3.2 and y = 2.3 (b) x = 1 and y = 0.1
passengers. How many passengers were there in the (c) x = 2 and y = 1.1 (d) x = 1.2 and y = 0.3
train when it started ? [2008-I] 13. What is the value of k for which the system of
(a) 540 (b) 480 (c) 360 (d) 240 equations x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has no
4. A person bought a certain number of books for `80. solution? [2009-I]
If he had bought 4 more books for the same sum, each
3 14 1
book would have cost ` 1 less. What is the price of (a) – (b) – (c) (d) 10
each book ? [2008-I] 14 3 10
(a) ` 10 (b) ` 8 (c) ` 5 (d) ` 4 14. A number consists of two digits, whose sum is 10. If 18
5. What is/are the solutions of the set of homogeneous is subtracted from the number, digits of the number are
equations (4x + 2y = 0) and (6x + 3y = 0) ? [2008-I] reversed. What is the product? [2009-II]
(a) Only x = 0, y = 0 (a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 32
(b) Only x = 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 2 15. A railway ticket for a child costs half the full fare but
(c) An infinite number of solutions the reservation charge is the same on half tickets as
(d) No solution much as on full ticket. One reserved first class ticket for
6. The cost of 4 books and 3 pencils is same as that of 8 a journey between two stations is ` 362, one full and
books and 1 pencil. This cost will be same as that of one half reserved first class tickets cost ` 554. What is
which one of the following ? [2008-I] the reservation charge? [2009-II]
(a) 2 books and 6 pencils (b) 5 books and 5 pencils (a) ` 18 (b) ` 22 (c) ` 38 (d) ` 46
(c) 6 books and 2 pencils (d) 12 books and 4 pencils 16. Let there be three simultaneous linear equations in two
unknowns, which are non-parallel and non-collinear
7. If one-third of a two-digit number exceeds its one-fourth
them. What can be the number of solutions (if they do
by 8, then what is the sum of the digits of the number? exist)? [2010-I]
[2008-I] (a) One or infinite (b) Only one
(a) 6 (b) 13 (c) 15 (d) 17 (c) Exactly two (d) Exactly three
8. What is the sum of two numbers whose difference is 45 17. Under what condition do the equations kx – y = 2 and
and the quotient of the greater number by the lesser 6x – 2y = 3 have a unique solution? [2010-II]
number is 4 ? [2008-I] (a) k = 3 (b) k ¹ 3 (c) k = 0 (d) k ¹ 0
(a) 100 (b) 90 (c) 80 (d) 75
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables M-155

18. If 1 is added to the denominator of a fraction, it 29. The graphs of ax + by = c, dx + ey = f will be:
1 I. parallel, if the system has no solution.
becomes and if 1 is added to the numerator, the II. co-incident, if the system has finite number of
2 solutions.
fraction becomes 1. What is the fraction? [2010-II] III. intersecting, if the system has only one solution.
5 2 4 10 Which of the above statements are correct? [2013-I]
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) Both I and II (b) Both II and III
9 3 7 11
(c) Both I and III (d) All of these
2 3 9 4 9 21 30. The sum of two numbers is 20 and their product is 75.
19. If + = and + = , where x ¹ 0 and y ¹ What is the sum of their reciprocals? [2013-I]
x y xy x y xy
0, then what is the value of x + y? [2011-I] 1 1 4 7
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 8 (a) (b) (c) (d)
15 5 15 15
20. The sum of two numbers is 80. If the larger number
exceeds four times the smaller by 5, what is the smaller 10
31. If the sum of a number and its reciprocal is , then
number? [2011-I] 3
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25 the numbers are [2013-I]
21. If a and b are positive integers, x and y are non-negative 1 1 1 1
integers and a = bx + y, then which one of the following (a) 3, (b) 3, – (c) –3, (d) –3, –
is correct? [2011-I] 3 3 3 3
(a) 0 £ y < a (b) 0 < y £ b 32. A number consists of two digits. The sum of the digits
(c) 0 < y < a (d) 0 £ y < b is 10. On reversing the digits of the number, the number
decreases by 36. What is the product of the two digits?
2x – 3y + 1 x + 4y + 8 4x – 7y + 2 [2013-I]
22. If = = , then what
2 3 5 (a) 21 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 42
is (x + y) equal to? [2011-I] 33. If 2x + 3y £ 6, x ³ 0, y ³ 0, then one of the solutions
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) –2 is [2013-I]
23. If (x, y) = (4, 1) is the solution of the pair of linear (a) x = –2 and y = 3 (b) x = 1 and y = 2
equations mx + y = 2x + ny = 5, then what is m + n (c) x = 1 and y = 1 (d) x = –1 and y = –1
equal to? [2011-II] 34. There are some benches in a class room having the
(a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 1 number of rows 4 more than the number of columns. If
24. The sum of two numbers is 10 and their product is 20. each bench is seated with 5 students, there are two
What is the sum of their reciprocals? [2011-II] seats vacant in a class of 158 students. The number of
rows is [2013-I]
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2 (a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 10
10 2
25. The sum of digits of a two-digit number is 8 and the a b x a b
35. If – = and + = x – y, then what is the value
difference between the number and that formed by b a y b a
reversing the digits is 18. What is the difference of x? [2013-I]
between the digits of the number? [2011-II]
a+b a+b
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (a) (b)
26. The system of equations x + 2y = 3 and 3x + 6y = 9 has a b
[2011-II] a–b
(a) unique solution (c) (d) None of these
a
(b) no solution
36. A number consists of two digits whose sum is 8. If 18
(c) infinitely many solutions
is added to the number, the digits are reversed. The
(d) finite number of solutions
number is equal to [2013-I]
5x – 7y + 10 3x + 2y + 1 11x + 4y – 10 (a) 26 (b) 35 (c) 53 (d) 62
27. If = = , then
1 8 9 37. The sum of the squares of two numbers is 97 and the
what is x + y equal to? [2011-II] squares of their difference is 25. The product of the two
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) –3 numbers is [2013-I]
(a) 45 (b) 36 (c) 54 (d) 63
3 2 9 4
28. If + = 2 and – = 1, then what 1 1
x+y x–y x+y x–y 38. If x + = 2, then what is value of x – ? [2013-I]
x x
x (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –2
is the value of ? [2013-I]
y 39. The system of equations 3x + y – 4 = 0 and 6x + 2y –
8 = 0 has [2013-I]
3 2 1 (a) a unique solution x = 1, y = 1
(a) (b) 5 (c) (d)
2 3 5 (b) a unique solution x = 0, y = 4
 EBD_7336
M-156 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

(c) no solution 50. Two chairs and one table cost `700 and 1 chair and
(d) infinite solution 2 tables cost ` 800. If the cost m tables and m chairs
40. The sum of two numbers is 7 and the sum of their is ` 30,000, then what is m equal to? [2014-I]
squares is 25. The product of the two numbers is (a) 60 (b) 55 (c) 50 (d) 45
[2013-I] 51. A certain number of two digits is three times the sum
(a) 6 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 15 of its digits. If 45 is added to the number, then the digits
41. A number consists of two digits whose sum is 10. If the will be reversed. What is the sum of the squares of the
digits of the number are reversed, then the number two digits of the number ? [2014-II]
decreased by 36. Which of the following is/are correct? (a) 41 (b) 45 (c) 53 (d) 64
I. The number is divisible by a composite number. 52. If ax + by – 2 and axby = 1, where a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0, then what
II. The number is a multiple of a prime number. is (a2x + b2y) equal to ? [2014-II]
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) a + b (b) 2ab
[2013-I] (c) a3 + b3 (d) a4 + b4
(a) Only I (b) Only II 53. If m and n (m > n) are the roots of the equation
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 7(x + 2a)2 + 3a2 = 5a (7x + 23a), where a > 0, then
42. Ten chairs and six tables together cost ` 6200, three what is 3m – n equal to ? [2014-II]
chairs and two tables together cost ` 1900. The cost of (a) 12a (b) 14a (c) 15a (d) 18a
4 chairs and 5 tables is [2013-I] 54. Consider the following statements : [2015-I]
(a) ` 3000 (b) ` 3300 1 The equation 1990x – 173y = 11 has no solution in
(c) ` 3500 (d) ` 3800 integers for x and y.
43. If x + y – 7 = 0 and 3x + y – 13 = 0, then what is 2. The equation 3x – 12y = 7 has no solution in
4x2 + y2 + 4xy equal to? [2013-II] integers for x and y.
(a) 75 (b) 85 (c) 91 (d) 100 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
x y 2 3 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
44. If + = 4 and + = 1, then what is x + y
2 3 x y 55. If k = x – y + 2z where –2 £ x £ 1, –1 £ y £ 2 and 3 £ z £ 6,
then which one of the following is correct ? [2015-II]
equal to? [2013-II]
(a) 0 £ k £ 9 (b) 5 £ k £ 11
(a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 8
(c) 2 £ k £ 14 (d) 2 £ k £ 11
45. The average age of male employees is 52 years and that 56. The number of pairs (x, y) where x, y are integers satisfying
of female employees is 42 years. The mean age of all the equation 21x + 48y = 5 is [2015-II]
employees is 50 years. The percentage of male and (a) Zero (b) One (c) Two (d) Infinity
female employees are respectively [2014-I] 57. Let x and y be positive integers such that x is prime and y
(a) 80% and 20% (b) 20% and 80% is composite. Which of the following statements are
(c) 50% and 50% (d) 52% and 48% correct? [2015-II]
46. The present age of Ravi’s father is 4 times of Ravi’s 1. (y – x) can be an even integer.
present age. 5 years back, Ravi’s father was seven times 2. xy can be an even integer.
as old as Ravi was at that time. What is the present age 3. 0.5 (x + y) can be an even integer
of Ravi’s father? [2014-I] Select the correct answer using the code given below
(a) 84 years (b) 70 years (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 40 years (d) 35 years (c) land 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
47. A positive number, when increased by 10 equals 200 p q q p x
times its reciprocal. What is number? [2014-I] 58. If + = m and + = n, then what is equal to?
x y x y y
(a) 100 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 200
48. The sum of two positive numbers x and y is 2.5 times [2016-I]
their difference. If the product of numbers is 84, then np + mq np + mq
what is the sum of those two numbers? [2014-I] (a) (b)
mp + nq mp - nq
(a) 26 (b) 24 (c) 22 (d) 20
49. Ravi’s brother is 3 years elder to him. His father was np – mq np – mq
(c) (d)
28 years of age when his sister was born while his mp – nq mp + nq
mother was 26 years of age when he was born. If his 59. The value of k, for which the system of equation 3x – ky
sister was 4 years of age when his brother was born, the – 20 = 0 and 6x – 10y + 40 = 0 has no solution, is[2016-I]
ages of Ravi’s father and mother, respectively when his (a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 3
brother was born were [2014-I] 60. There are three brothers. The sums of ages of two of them
(a) 32 years and 23 years at a time are 4 years, 6 years and 8 years. The age difference
(b) 32 years and 29 years between the eldest and the youngest is [2016-I]
(c) 35 years and 29 years (a) 3 years (b) 4 years
(d) 35 years and 33 years (c) 5 years (d) 6 years
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables M-157

5x –2y = 10 (a) Only in the first quadrant

61.
4 (b) In the first and second quadrants
3 (c) In the second and third quadrants
(d) In the third and fourth quadrants
2 2x – 6y = 21 70. It is given that the equations x2 – y2 = 0 and (x – a)2 + y2
1 = 1 have single positive solution. For this, the value of ‘a’ is
[2018-II]
0 1 2 3 4
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) - 2 (d) 1
The linear inequations, for which the shaded area in the
71. Which of the following pair of numbers is the solution of
figure given above is the solution set, are [2016-I] the equation 3x + 2 + 3 -x = 10 ? [2019-I]
(a) 2x + 6y £ 21, 5x – 2y £ 10 (a) 0, 2 (b) 0, –2 (c) 1, -1 (d) 1, 2
(b) 2x + 6y £ 21, 5x – 2y ³ 10 72. A man who recently died left a sum of ` 3,90,000 to be divided
(c) 2x + 6y ³ 21, 5x – 2y £ 10 among his wife, five sons and four daughters. He directed
(d) 2x + 6y ³ 21, 5x – 2y ³ 10 that each son should receive 3 times as much as each daughter
62. If a and b are negative real numbers and c is a positive real receives and that each daughter should receive twice as
number, then which of the following is/are correct? much as their mother receives. What was the wife’s share?
1. a – b < a – c [2016-I] [2019-I]
(a) ` 14, 000 (b) ` 12, 000
a b (c) ` 10, 000 (d) ` 9, 000
2. If a < b then < .
c c
1+ 3
1 1 73. If x = and y = x3,then y satisfies which one of the
3. < 2
b c
Select the Correct answer using the code given below. following equations ? [2019-II]
(a) 1 (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 (a) 8y2 - 20y - 1 = 0 (b) 8y2 + 20y - 1 = 0

63. The pair of linear equations kx + 3y + 1 = 0 and 2x + y + 3 (c) 8y2 + 20y + 1 = 0 (d) 8y2 - 20y + 1 = 0
= 0 intersect each other, if [2017-I] 74. What is the point on the xy-plane satisfying
(a) k = 6 (b) k ¹ 6 (c) k = 0 (d) k ¹ 0 5x + 2y = 7xy and 10x + 3y = 8xy ? [2020-I]
64. The system of equations 2x + 4y = 6 and 4x + 8y = 8 is æ 1ö æ1 ö
[2017-I] (a) çè -1, ÷ø (b) ç , -1÷
è6 ø
6
(a) Consistent with a unique solution
(b) Consistent with infinitely many solutions æ 1ö æ 1 ö
(c) Inconsistent (c) çè1, ÷ø (d) ç - , -1÷
6 è 6 ø
(d) None of the above
65. What is the value of u in the system of equations 75. Students of a class are made to sit in rows of equal number of
3 (2u + v) = 7uv, 3 (u + 3v) = 11uv? [2017-II] chairs. If number of students is increased by 2 in each row,
then the number of rows decreases by 3. If number of
1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 1 students is increased by 4 in each row, then the number of
4 2 rows decreases by 5. What is the number of students in the
a c class ? [2020-I]
66. If a + b = 2c, then what is the value of + ? (a) 100 (b) 105 (c) 110 (d) 120
a -c b-c
[2018-1] 76. The maximum marks in a Test are converted from 250 to 50
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 for the purpose of an Internal Assessment. The highest
67. If 65x – 33y = 97 and 33x – 65y = 1, then what is xy equal marks scored were 170 and lowest marks were 70. What is
to? [2018-1] the difference between the maximum and minimum marks
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) –2 (d) –3 scored in the Internal Assessment ? [2020-I]
68. If x + y + z = 0, then what is (y + z – x)3 + (z + x – y)3 + (a) 15 (b) 17 (c) 20 (d) 24
(x + y – z)3 equal to? [2018-1] 77. How many integral values of x and y satisfy the equation
(a) (x + y + z)3 (b) 3(x + y) (y + z) (z + x) 5x + 9y = 7, where –500 < x < 500 and –500 < y < 500 ?
(c) 24xyz (d) –24xyz [2020-I]
69. The solution of linear inequalities x + y > 5 and x – y < 3 lies (a) 110 (b) 111
[2018-II] (c) 112 (d) None of the above
 EBD_7336
M-158 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (a) Given that, Þ 4x – y = 4
2x – 3y = 5 ... (i) Þ y = 4(x – 1)
and –4x + 6y = 11 ... (ii) On putting this value of y in equation (i), we get
a1 2 –1 4(x – 1)x = 80
Also, = = Þ (x – 1)x = 20
a 2 –4 2 Þ x2 – x – 20 = 0
b1 –3 –1 Þ x2 – 5x + 4x – 20 = 0
= = Þ (x – 5) (x + 4) = 0
b2 6 2 \x=5 (Q x ¹ –4)
a1 b1 –1 c1 Thus, the price of each is ` 5.
Þ = = ¹ 5. (c) Given equations are:
a 2 b2 2 c2 4x + 2y = 0 ... (i)
So, both equations are in parallel. So, it is not and 6x + 3y = 0 ... (ii)
solved graphically. Here, a1 = 4, b1 = 2, c1 = 0
Hence, A and R are individually true and R is and a2 = 6, b2 = 3, c2 = 0
correct explanation of A. a1 b1
2. (d) Let a two-digit number be (10x + y) and reversing Here, =
number be (10y + x) a 2 b2
\ Required sum = 10x + y + 10y + x 4 2 2 2
= 11x + 11y = 11(x + y) \ = Þ =
Thus, it is divisible by 11. 6 3 3 3
3. (d) Suppose number of passengers be x in the starting. So, it has infinite solutions.
Number of passengers after 1st halt 6. (c) Let the cost of one book = ` x
and the cost of one pencil = ` y
æ xö 2x According to question,
= ç x – ÷ + 120 = + 120
è 3ø 3 4x + 3y = 8x + y
Number of passengers after 2nd halt Þ 2y = 4x Þ y = 2x
\ Cost of 4 books and 3 pencils
1 æ 2x ö = 4x + 3y = 4x + 6x = 10x
= ç + 120 ÷ + 100
2è 3 ø Cost of 6 books and 2 pencils
According to question, = 6x + 2y = 6x + 4x = 10x
Number of passengers after 2nd halt 7. (c) Let the number be y.
1 æ 2x ö y y
= ç + 120 ÷ + 100 = 240 \ = +8
2è 3 ø 3 4
2x 4y – 3y
Þ + 120 = (240 – 100) × 2 Þ =8
3 12
Þ y = 12 × 8 = 96
2x \ Sum of digits = 9 + 6 = 15
Þ = 280 – 120
3 8. (d) Let the greater number be x and smaller number
be y.
2x
= 160 \ x – y = 45 ... (i)
3 and x = 4y ... (ii)
80 From equations (i) and (ii),
160 ´ 3 4y – y = 45
x=
2 45
1 Þy= = 15
3
x = 240 On putting the value of y in equation (i), we get
4. (c) Let the price of each book is ` x and the number of x = 4 × 15 = 60
books is y. \ Required sum = x + y = 60 + 15 = 75
\ xy = 80 ... (i) 9. (b) Given equations are:
and (y + 4) (x – 1) = 80
Þ xy – y + 4x – 4 = 80 3x – y + 1 2x + y + 2 3x + 2y + 1
= =
Þ 80 – y + 4x = 84 using equation (i)] 3 5 6
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables M-159

On taking Ist and IInd terms, 16. (d) If three lines are parallel, then there are infinite
5(3x – y + 1) = 3(2x + y + 2) solution. If all three lines are collinear, then there is
Þ 9x – 8y = 1 ... (i) only one solution. If all three lines are non-parallel
On taking IInd and IIIrd terms, and non-collinear, then there is only three solutions.
6(2x + y + 2) = 5(3x + 2y + 1) Hence, the given system of equation have here
Þ 3x + 4y = 7 ... (ii) exactly three solutions.
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get 17. (b) The equations kx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 have a
y = 1 and x = 1 unique solution. Then,
10. (b) Let, k 1
fare from P ® Q = ` x \ ¹ Þk¹3
fare from P ® R = ` y 6 2
According to question, 18. (b) Let the numerator = x and denominator = y
x + y = ` 42 ... (i) According to question,
5x + 10y = ` 350 ... (ii) x 1
By solving equations (i) and (ii), then we get =
y +1 2
x = 14
y = 28 Þ 2x = y + 1
\ fare from station P ® R = ` 14 Þ 2x – y = 1 ... (i)
11. (d) Let Pooja’s initial salary is ` x and fixed increment x +1
every year is ` y. and =1Þx+1=y
y
According to question,
x + 3y = 4200 ... (i) Þ x – y = –1 ... (ii)
and x + 8y = 6800 ... (ii) 2x – y = 1
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
– x m y = m1
x = ` 2640, y = ` 520 Þ
12. (a) Given, x =2
x – y = 0.9 ... (i) Putting the value of x in equation (ii),
and 11(x + y)–1 = 2 2 – y = –1
Þ 2x + 2y = 11 ... (ii) Þ y = 3 Þ x = 2 and y = 3
On multiplying equation (i) by 2 and adding
equations (i) and (ii), we get x 2
\ Required fraction = = .
4x = 12.8 y 3
Þ x = 3.2 19. (c) Given,
From equation (i),
y = 3.2 – 0.9 = 2.3 2 3 9
+ =
13. (d) x + 2y – 3 = 0 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 x y xy
a1 b1 c1 Þ 2y + 3x = 9 ... (i)
Then, = ¹
a 2 b 2 c2 4 9 21
and + =
1 2 –3
x y xy
\ = ¹ Þ 4y + 9x = 21 ... (ii)
5 k 7 On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
Þ k = 10 x = 1 and y = 3
So, it has no solution. \x+y=1+3=4
14. (c) Let the two-digit number be 10y + x. 20. (b) Let smaller number = x
According to question, Larger number = 80 – x
x + y = 10 ... (i) According to question,
and 10y + x – 18 = 10x + y 80 – x = 4x + 5
Þ 9x – 9y = –18 Þ 5x = 75 Þ x = 15
Þ x – y = –2 ... (ii) 21. (c) Let a, b ³ 0 and x, y > 0
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
Q a = bx + y
x = 4 and y = 6
\ Required product = xy = 4 × 6 = 24. a–y a–y
15. (b) Let full fare = ` x and reservation charges =`y Þx= Þ >0
b b
\ x + y = 362 ... (i) Þa–y>0Þa>y
1 \0<y<a
and 1 x + 2y = 554
2 2x – 3y + 1 x + 4y + 8 4x – 7y + 2
22. (d) = =
Þ 3x + 4y = 1108 ... (ii) 2 3 5
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
\ x = 340 and y = 22 (2x – 3y + 1) + ( x + 4y + 8) – ( 4x – 7y + 2 )
=
Reservation charge = ` 22 ( 2 + 3) – 5
 EBD_7336
M-160 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

= –x + 8y + 7 = x – 8y = 7 Þ x + 3y = 7 ... (i)
Þ x = 7 + 8y ... (i) On taking first two terms,
Now taking first two terms, 8(5x – 7y + 10) = 3x + 2y + 1
3(2x – 3y + 1) = 2(x + 4y + 8) 37x – 58y + 79 = 0 ... (ii)
4x – 17y = 13 From equation (i), on putting the value of x in
Putting the value of x from equation (i), then we get equation (ii), we get
4(7 + 8y) – 17y = 13 37(7 – 3y) – 58y + 79 = 0
28 + 32y – 17y = 13 Þ 259 – 111y – 58y + 79 = 0
15y = –15 Þ 169y = 338
y = –1 Þ y=2
Now putting the value of y in equation (i), then we From equation (i),
get x = 7 – 3(2) = 1
x = 7 – 8 = –1 \ x+ y=1+2=3
Then, x + y = –1 – 1 = –2 28. (b) Given,
Hence, x + y = –2. 3 2
23. (a) Given, + =2 ... (i)
(x, y) = (4, 1) and mx + y = 2x + ny = 5 x+y x–y
\ m(4) + 1 = 2 × 4 + n = 5 9 4
\ 4m + 1 = 5 and 8 + n = 5 and – =1 ... (ii)
Þ m = 1 and n = –3 x+y x–y
\ m + n = 1 – 3 = –2 1 1
24. (b) Let the two numbers be x and y. Let = a and =b
\ x + y = 10 and xy = 20 x+y x–y
1 1 x + y 10 1 \ 3a + 2b = 2 ... (iii)
\ + = = = . 9a – 4b = 1 ... (iv)
x y xy 20 2 On multiplying equation (iii) by 2 and addition of
25. (b) Let x be the first digit and y be the second digit of equation (iv) and new one, then we get
two digit number. 6a + 4b = 4
According to question,
9a – 4b = 1
x+ y= 8 ... (i)
(10x + y) – (10y + x) = 18 15a =5
Þ 9x – 9y = 18 5 1
Þ x–y=2 ... (ii) Þ a= =
Adding (i) and (ii), 15 3
1 1
x+y=8 \ =
x+y 3
x–y=2 Þ x+ y= 3 ... (v)
2x = 10 On putting the value of (a) in equation (iii), we get
Þ x=5 1
3× + 2b = 2
Þ y=8–5=3 3
Þ x = 5 and y = 3 Þ 2b = 2 – 1 = 1
\ Required difference of digits, x – y
1 1 1
= 5 – 3 = 2. Þ b= Þ =
26. (c) Given system of equations are: 2 x–y 2
x + 2y = 3 and 3x + 6y = 9 Þ x–y=2 ... (vi)
Þ x + 2y = 3
\ x + y =3
a1 b1 c1 1
Here, = = = x – y =2
a 2 b 2 c2 3
2x =5
So, it has infinitely many solutions.
27. (c) Given, 5
Þ x=
5x – 7y + 10 3x + 2y + 1 11x + 4y – 10 2
= = From equation (v),
1 8 9 5 1
(5x + 10 – 7y) + (3x + 2y + 1) – (11x + 4y – 10 ) y=3– =
2 2
=
(1 + 8) – 9 5
x 2
–3x – 9y + 21 \ = =5
= y 1
0 2
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables M-161

29. (c) Þ x(x + 4) = 32

30. (c) Let the numbers be x and y. Þ x2 + 4x – 32 = 0
According to the question, Þ x2 + 8x – 4x – 32 = 0
x + y = 20 Þ x(x + 8) – 4(x + 8) = 0
and Þ (x + 8) (x – 4) = 0
xy = 75 So, x = 4 as x = –8 is not possible
1 1 y+x \ Number of rows = x + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
Þ + = 35. (d) Given equations are:
x y xy
a b x
20 4 – = ... (i)
Þ = b a y
75 15
a b
1 and + =x–y ... (ii)
31. (a) Let the numbers are x and . Then, b a
x From equations (i) and (ii), we get
1 10
x+ = æa bö
x 3 a b x ç – ÷x – x
=è
b aø
+ =x–
x 2 + 1 10 b a æ a b ö a b
= ç – ÷ –
x 3 èb aø b a
Þ 3x2 – 10x + 3 = 0
Þ 3x2 – 9x – x + 3 = 0 æa böæa bö æa b ö
Þ ç + ÷ ç – ÷ = x ç – – 1÷
Þ 3x(x – 3) – 1(x – 3) = 0 è b a øè b a ø è b a ø
Þ (3x – 1) (x – 3) = 0
æ a 2 b2 ö æ a 2 – b2 – ab ö
1 Þ çç 2 – 2 ÷÷ = xç ÷
\ x= , x=3 ç ab ÷
3 èb a ø è ø
32. (a) Let the unit digit of the number be x and tens digit
be y. ab æ a 4 – b4 ö
Þ x= ´ç ÷
\ Number = 10y + x
According to the question,
( )
a 2 – b2 – ab çè a b ÷ø
2 2

( a 4 – b4 ) ( )
x + y = 10 ... (i)
1 ( a – b )( a + b ) a + b
2 2
and 10x + y = (10y + x) – 36
Þ x= 2 × = .
Þ 10x + y – 10y – x = –36
Þ 9x – 9y = –36 (
a – b 2 – ab ab )
ab a 2 – b2 – ab ( )
Þ x – y = –4 ... (ii) 36. (b) Let tens digit and unit digits are x and y, respectively.
x + y =10 Sum of digits = 8
x+ y= 8 ... (i)
x – y = -4 According to question,
2x =6 (10x + y) + 18 = (10y + x)
Þ 9y – 9x = 18
Þ x=3
Þ y–x=2 ... (ii)
From equation (i),
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
3 + y = 10
\ y = 5 and x = 3
Þ y=7
\ Required number = 10x + y
Þ x = 3 and y = 7
= 10(3) + 5 = 30 + 5 = 35
\ Required product of two digits = 3 × 7 = 21
37. (b) Let the two numbers are x and y.
33. (c) Given,
According to question,
2x + 3y £ 6, x ³ 0, y ³ 0
Sum of squares of two numbers = 97
Now,
x2 + y2 = 97 ... (i)
2x + 3y £ 6
Square of their difference = 25
Put x = 1, y = 1
i.e. (x – y)2 = 25 ... (ii)
Þ 2×1+3×1£6
Þ (x2 + y2) – 2xy = 25
Þ 5<6
Þ 97 – 2xy = 25 [from equation (i)]
x = 1 and y = 1 is only solution according to given
Þ 2xy = 72
condition.
\ xy = 36 ... (iv)
34. (b) Let the number of column be x.
Number of rows = x + 4 1
According to the question, 38. (a) Given that x + =2 ... (i)
x
x(x + 4) × 5 – 2 = 158 Squaring both sides, we get
Þ 5x(x + 4) = 160
 EBD_7336
M-162 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

2 Þ –9x + 6y = 5700
æ 1ö Þ x = 500
çè x + ÷ø = 4
x \ x = ` 500
From equation (i),
1 5000 + 6y = 6200
Þ x2 + +2=4
x2 Þ 6y = 1200
Þ y = ` 200
1 \ Cost of 4 chairs and 5 tables = 4x + 5y
Þ x2 + =2 ... (ii)
x2 = 4 × 500 + 5 × 200 = 2000 + 1000 = ` 3000
2 43. (d) We have,
Now, æç x – 1 ö÷ = æç x 2 + 1 ö÷ – 2 x+ y–7= 0
è xø è x2 ø Þ x+ y= 7 ... (i)
=2–2=0 [from equation (ii)] and 3x + y – 13 = 0
Þ 3x + y = 13 ... (ii)
1 By subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
\ x– =0
x 3x + y = 13
39. (d) Given equations of system
3x + y = 4 ... (i) x+ y=7
– – –
6x + 2y = 8 ... (ii)
2x = 6
a1 b1 c1 1
Q = = = \ x=3
a 2 b 2 c2 2
On putting the value of x in equation (i), we get
Therefore, the system of equation has infinite 3+y=7
solutions because it is a coincident line. Þ y=4
40. (c) Let the two numbers be x and y. Now, 4x2 + y2 + 4xy
Given, = 4 × (3)2 + (4)2 + 4 × 3 × 4 = 4 × 9 + 16 + 48
x+ y= 7 = 36 + 16 + 48 = 100
x2 + y2 = 25
x y
xy = ? 44. (b) + =4
Now, 2 3
(x + y)2 = (x2 + y2) + 2xy Þ 3x + 2y = 24 ... (i)
(7)2 = 25 + 2xy 2 3
and + =1
49 – 25 = 2xy x y
24 = 2xy 2y + 3x = xy ... (ii)
x = 12 From equations (i) and (ii), we get
41. (d) Let the two-digit number be 10x + y. xy = 24 ... (iii)
According to the question, Now, multiply by y on both the sides in equation (i),
x + y = 10 ... (i) Þ 3xy + 2y2 = 24y
and 10y + x + 36 = 10x + y Þ y2 – 12y + 36 = 0
Þ –9y + 9x = 36 This can be written as (y – 6)2 = 0
Þ x + y = 10 y=6
Þ x–y=4 ... (ii) Now, put y = 6 in equation (iii),
on adding (i) and (ii), we get x=4
Þ 2x = 14 Þ x = 7 Then, x + y = 4 + 6 = 10.
On putting the value of x in equation (i), we get 45. (a) Let the number of male employees be x and female
7 + y = 10 employees be y.
Total average age of male employees = 52x
Þ y=3
Total average age of female employees = 42y
The required number is 73 which is neither divisible
by a composite number nor a multiple of a prime 52x + 42y
number. Mean age of all employees = x+y
42. (a) Let the cost of one chair = ` x According to the question,
Cost of one table = ` y
According to question, 52x + 42y
10x + 6y = 6200 ... (i) x+y = 50
and 3x + 2y = 1900 ... (ii) Þ 52x + 42y = 50x + 50y
Þ 9x + 6y = 5700 ... (iii) Þ 2x = 8y
On subtracting equation (iii) from equation (i), we
get x 4
Þ =
10x + 6y = 6200 y 1
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables M-163

i.e. x : y = 4 : 1 Father’s age when brother was born

4 = 28 + 4 = 32 years
Percentage of male employees = × 100 = 80% 50. (a) Let the cost of chair be x and the cost of table be
5 y, then
1 2x + y = 700 ... (i)
Percentage of female employees = × 100 = 20% and x + 2y = 800 ... (ii)
5
46. (c) Let present age of Ravi be x. From equations (i) and (ii), we get
\ Present age of Ravi’s father = 4x 2x + y = 700
According to question,
2x + 4y = 1600
5 years before, – – –
Ravi’s father age = 7 × Ravi’s age
–3y = – 900
4x – 5 = 7(x – 5)
Þ 4x – 5 = 7x – 35 Þ y = 300
Þ 3x = 30 \ x = 800 – 600 = 200
\ x = 10 Given the number of chairs and tables are m to be
\ Ravi’s present age = x = 10 years purchased for ` 30000
Ravi’s father’s present age According to question,
= 4 × 10 = 40 years \ 200m + 300m = 30000
47. (b) Let the positive number be x.
30000
According to the question, Þ m= Þ m = 60
500
200 51. (c) Let the two digit number be 10x + y.
x + 10 =
x According to the question, 10x + y = 3 (x + y)
Þ x2 + 10x = 200 Þ 10x + y – 3x – 3y = 0
Þ x2 + 10x – 200 = 0 Þ 7x – 2y = 0 ... (i)
Þ (x – 10) (x + 20) = 0 According to question
\ x = 10, –20 Þ (10x + y) + 45 = 10y + x
But x ¹ –20, since x is a positive number Þ 10x + y + 45 – 10y – x = 0
The required number is 10. Þ 9x – 9y + 45 = 0
48. (d) According to the question, Þ x–y=–5 ... (ii)
(x + y) = 2.5(x – y) Now, solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
Þ x + y = 2.5x – 2.5y x = 2 and y = 7
Þ 3.5y = 1.5x digit = 10 × 2 + 7 = 27
x 7 \ sum of the squares of digits = (2)2 + (7)2
Þ = ... (i) = 4 + 49 = 53
y 3 52. (a) Given, ax + by – 2 = 0
7 ax + by = 2
Þ x= y By Squaring both sides.
3
(ax + by)2 = (2)2
Now, xy = 84
a2x2 + b2y2 + 2axby = 4
7 Given (ax by = 1)
Þ y × y = 84
3 Þ a2x2 + b2y2 + 2 = 4
84 ´ 3 Þ a2x2 + b2y2 = 2
Þ y2 = Þ a2x2 = 1 b2y2 = 1
7
Þ y2 = 12 × 3 Þ ax = 1 and by = 1
7 1 1
\ y=6Þx= × 6 = 14 Þ x= and y =
3 a b
\ Sum of numbers = x + y = 14 + 6 = 20 1 1
49. (a) Mother’s age when Ravi was born \ a2x + b2y = a2 . + b2. = a + b
a b
= 26 years ... (i)
Father’s age when his sister was born 53. (c) 7(x + 2a)2 + 3a2 = 5a (7x + 23a)
= 28 years ... (ii) Þ 7(x2 + 4a2 + 4ax) + 3a2 = 35ax + 115a2
Sister’s age when his brother was born Þ x2 – ax – 12a2 = 0
= 4 years ... (iii) Þ (x + 3a) (x – 4a) = 0
Ravi’s brother is 3 years elder to him ... (iv) Þ x = – 3a and x = 4a
From (i) and (iv), m and n are the roots of the given equation.
Mother’s age when brother was born Let m = 4a and n = –3a
= 26 – 3 = 23 years Now, 3m – n = 3(4a) – (–3a) = 12a + 3a = 15a
From (ii) and (iii),
 EBD_7336
M-164 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

54. (c) Statement 1 x x

1990x – 173y = 11 Þ np + nq = mq + mp
y y
-11 1990 - 11
x = 0, y = , x = 1, y = = 11.43 x
Þ np - mq = ( mp - nq )
173 173
y
11 11 + 173
y = 0, x = y = 1, x = = 0.0924
1990 1990 x np - mq
Þ =
This equation has no integers solution for any y mp - nq
value of x and y. \ Option (c) is correct.
Statement 2 59. (c) Given that system of equations has no solution
3x – 12y = 7 Þ |A| = 0
-7
x = 0, y = = -0.5833, x = 1, y = -0.333 3 -k 20
12 A = B=
6 -10 -40
7 |A| = – 30 + 6 k
y = 0, x = = 2.33 y = 1, x = 6.33.
3 But |A| = 0
So statement 1 and statement 2 Þ 6k – 30 = 0
both are correct. Þk=5
55. (c) –2 £ x £ 1 Þ –2 £ x £ 1 ----------(i) \ Option (c) is correct.
–1 £ y £ 2 Þ –2 £ –y £ 1 ----------(ii) 60. (b) Let the age of 1st brother = x years
3 £ 2 £ 6 Þ 6 £ 2z £ 12 ----------(iii) The age of 2nd brother = y years
Adding equ. (i), (ii), (iii) The age of 3rd brother = z years
–2 – 2 + 6 £ x - y + 2z £ 1 + 1 + 12 According to question
2 £ x - y + 2z £ 14 x + y= 4 Þ y= 4 – x ...(1)
So, option (c) is correct. y+ z = 6 ...(2)
56. (a) 21x + 48y = 5 for any integer value of x, y is not a z+x=8Þz=8–x ...(3)
integer value and vice-versa. Substitute the values of y and z in (2) from (1) and (3)
So, option (a) is correct. we get
57. (d) Let x = 2 (even prime no.) x = 3 years
y = 6 (composite no.) y = 1years
Þ 4 – x = 6 – 2 = 4, it is even integer z = 5 years
Þ xy = 2 × 6 = 12, it is even integer Eldest Brother = 5 years
Þ 0.5(x + y) = 0.5 (2 + 6) = 4, it is even integer. Youngest Brother = 1 years
So, option (d) is correct. Difference is their ages = 5 – 1 = 4 years
p q q p \ Option (b) is correct.
58. (c) Given + = m and + = n 61. (a) Given equations are
x y x y 5x – 2y = 10
py + qx 2x + 6y = 21
Þ =m On solving, we get
xy x = 3 and y = 5/2
qy + px Their interaction point is (3, 5/2)
Þ =n The shaded region shows the graph below the
xy original region.
Þ py + qx = mxy ....(1) So solution set is
Þ qy + px = nxy ...(2) 5x – 2y £ 10 and 2x + 6y £ 21
Dividing (1) by (2) we get \ Option (a) is correct.
py + qx m 62. (b) Since a, b are negative numbers.
= a < 0 and b < 0
qy + px n C is a positive real number
Þc>0
é xù (1) a – b < a – c
y êp + q ú
ë yû m Þ–b<–c
= Þb>c
Þ é xù n
y êq + p ú It is not true as b < c
ë yû
a b
(2) if a < b Þ < this is true.
é xù é xù c c
Þ n ê p + q ú = m êq + p ú
ë y û ë yû 1 1
(3) <
b c
Linear Equations in One and Two Variables M-165

1 1 67. (a) 65x – 33y = 97 .... (i)

Since c > b Þ < this is not true. (given)
c b 33x – 65y = 1 ....(ii)
\ option (b) is correct. (given)
From eq (i) + eq (ii)
63. (b) equation 98x – 98y = 98
kx + 3y + 1 = 0 , and 2x + y + 3 = 0 intersect i.e. have one 98(x – y) = 98 \ x – y = 1 ....(iii)
solution Now
From eq (i) × 1 – eq (iii) × 33
k 3 æ a1 ¹ b1 ö
¹ ç ÷ 65x - 33y = 97
2 1 è a 2 b2 ø
-33x + 33y = -33 64
k¹6 \x = =2
32
32x = 64
64. (c) 2x + 4y = 6
4x + 8y = 8 From eq (iii)
x–y=1
2 4 6 2–y=1 \y=2–1 =1
= ¹
4 8 8 Hence, xy = 2 × 1 = 2
68. (d) x + y + z = 0
1 1 3
= ¹ (y + z – x)3 + (z + x – y)3 + (x + y – z)3
2 2 4 Here
a1 b1 c1 y+ z –x + z + x– y+ x + y–z = x + y+ z = 0
So the form is a = b ¹ c If a + b + c = 0 then value of a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
2 2 2 \ (y + z – x)3 + (z + x – y)3 + (x + y – z)3 = 3 (y + z – x)
\ the system of equation is inconsistant. (z + x – y) (x + y – z)
65. (d) Given that, According to the question
3(2u + v) = 7uv x + y = –z
y + z = –x
3(u + 3v) = 11uv
x + z = –y
6u + 3v = 7uv ...(1) \ 3 (–x –x) (–y –y) (–z –z) = 3 × (–2x) × (–2y) × (–2z)
3u + 9v = 11uv ...(2) = – 24xyz
Dividing equation (1) and equation (2) by uv, we get 69. (b) y

6 3 5
+ =7
v u 4
3 9 3
+ = 11
v u 2
1 1 1 (3, 0)
Let = x and = y (5, 0)
u v x’ x
Multiplying equation (4) by 2, we get –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5
3x + 6y = 7 –2
18x + 6y = 22 –3
Solving these equations by elimination method, we get
– 15x = – 15 y
x=1
4 2 x+ y ³ 5
Therefore, equation (3) gives y = = let first draw graph of x + y = 5 ... (i)
6 3 put y = 0 in (i)
1 x= 5
Thus, x = 1 Þ = 1Þ u = 1 put x = 0 in (i)
u
66. (c) a + b = 2c y= 5
Þ a+ b= c+ c Checking for (0, 0)
Þ a–c=c–b Þ b – c = –(a – c) x + y³ 5
0 ³ 5, which is false
a c a c Hence, origin does not lie in x + y ³ 5
+ = +
a - c b - c a - c - ( a - c) Now,
x– y£3
a c a -c let first drawn graph of x – y = 3 ...(ii)
= - = =1
a -c a -c a -c put x = 0 in (ii)
y = –3
 EBD_7336
M-166 Linear Equations in One and Two Variables

put y = 0 in (ii)
73. (a) y = x3 Þ x= 3 y
x = 3’
Checking for (0, 0) 3 +1
x– y£3 Þ 3 y =
0 £ 3, which is true 2
Hence, origin lies in x – y £ 3 Þ 2 3 y = 3 +1
So, shaded region will be the solution of these linear
inequalities lies in the first and second quadrant. Þ 8y = 3 3 + 9 + 3 3 + 1 (cutting)
70. (a) x2 – y2 = 0 Þ (4y – 5)2 = 27
(Equation of y = |x|) Þ 16y2 – 40y + 25 = 27
(x – a)2 + y2 = 1 Þ 16y2 – 40y – 2 = 0
[Equation of a circle with centre (a, 0) and radius 1] Þ 8y2 – 20y – 1 = 0
These have single positive solution 74. (b) 10x + 4y = 14xy
Þ y = |x| to be tangent to the circle –10x–3y = –8xy
Y On solving two equation
y = 6xy Þ 6x = 1, x = 1/6
A
y = –5/6/5/6 = –1
75. (d) Let number of student = R and number of Row = C
O B(a, o) X RC = (R + 2) (C –3) = (R + 4) (C –5)
Now, RC = (R + 2) (C – 3)
RC = RC + 2C – 3R –6
AB = radius of circle 2C – 3R = 6 ... (i)
ÐAOB = 45° Also, RC = (R + 4)(C – 5)
ÐOAB = 90° RC = RC + 4C – 5R – 20
[tangent to the circle] 4C – 5R = 20 ...(ii)
ÐABO = 45° Now On applying (i) × 2 – (ii) solving equation
Length of OB = AB2 + OA 2 = 12 + 12 R = 8, C = 15
\ Number of student = R × C = 15 × 8 = 120
OB = 2
71. (b) 3x+2 + 3 – x = 10 170 – 70 100
76. (c) = = 20
32 + 30 = 10 250 / 50 5
x+2=0 7 – 5x
x = – 2 solution is consistent 77. (b) 5x + 9y = 7 Þ y =
9
Or x + 2 = 2
x = 0 solution is consistent \ 7 –5x is divisible by 9
Thus x = 0, – 2 are the solutions So x= 5, 14, .........491
Alternatively, we can put values from the options or x = 5, –4, –11, ........ –499
and check So total possible values of x
72. (c) Let his wife get a share of ` x 491+ 499
Each of the 4 daughters get = ` 2x = +1=111
Each of the 5 sons get share = ` 6x 9
So x + 4 × 2x + 5 × 6x = 390000
So 39x = 390000
x = 10000
\ wifes share = `10000
CHAPTER

Quadratic Equations
15
1. If x2 – kx – 21 = 0 and x 2 – 3kx + 35 = 0 have one common (a) 1 and 9 (b) –9 and 1
root, then what is the value of k? [2007-I] (c) –1 and 9 (d) –1 and –9
(a) + 4 (b) – 4 (c) ± 4 (d) ± 1 11. If the product of the roots of x2 – 3kx + 2k2 – 1 = 0 is 7 for
2. What are the roots of the equation, a fixed k, then what is the nature of roots? [2008-I]
(a + b + x)–1 = a–1 + b–1 + x–1 ? [2007-II] (a) Integral and positive
(a) a, b (b) –a, b (c) a, –b (d) –a, –b (b) Integral and negative
3. What is one of the value of x in the equation (c) Irrational
(d) Rational but not integral
x 1 - x 13 12. Which one of the following is the quadratic equation
+ = ? [2007-II]
1- x x 6 whose roots are reciprocal to the roots of the quadratic
equation 2x2 – 3x – 4 = 0? [2008-II]
5 7 9 11
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 3x2 – 2x – 4 = 0 (b) 4x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
13 13 13 3 (c) 3x2 – 4x – 2 = 0 (d) 4x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
4. If the equations, 13. The value of y which will satisfy the equations
2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 and 4x2 + ax – 3 = 0 2x2 + 6x + 5y + 1 and 2x + y + 3 = 0 may be found by
have a common root, then what is the value of a? solving which one of the following equations?
[2007-II] [2008-II]
(a) –11 or 4 (b) –11 or – 4 (a) y2 + 14y – 7 = 0 (b) y2 + 8y + 1 = 0
(c) 11 or – 4 (d) 11 or 4 (c) y2 + 10y – 7 = 0 (d) y2 – 8y + 7 = 0
5. If one root of px2 + qx + r = 0 is double of the other root, 14. If a polynomial equation has rational co-efficients and
then which one of the following is correct? [2007-II] has exactly three real roots, then what is the degree of
(a) 2q2 = 9pr (b) 2q2 = 9p the polynomial? [2008-II]
2
(c) 4q = 9r (d) 9q2 = 2pr (a) Equal to 3
6. If (2x – 3y < 7) and (x + 6y < 11), then which one of the (b) Greater than or equal to 3
following is correct? [2008-I] (c) Strictly greater than 3
(a) x + y < 5 (b) x + y < 6 (d) Less than 3
(c) x + y £ 5 (d) x + y £ 6 15. If a and b are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then what
7. What is one of the roots of the equation
2
æ 1 1 ö
2x 3- x 3
- = [2008-I] is the value of ç 2 - 2 ÷ ? [2008-II]
3- x 2x 2 èa b ø
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
8. If a and b are the roots of the equation (x2 – 3x + 2 =
(a)
(
b2 b 2 – 4ac ) (b)
(
b b2 – 4ac )
0), then which equation has the roots (a + 1) and (b + 4 2
c c
1)? [2008-I]
(a) x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
(c) x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
(b) x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
(d) x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 (c)
(b 2
– 4ac ) (d)
(b 2
– 4ac )
9. If a and b are the roots of the equation (ax2 + bx + c c 2
c 4
= 0), then what is the value of a3 + b3? [2008-I] 16. Which one of the following is one of the two
b3 + 3abc consecutive positive integers, the sum of whose
a 3 - b3
(a) (b) squares is 761? [2008-II]
a3 3ab (a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 25
17. If 3x + 27(3 –x) = 12, then what is the value of x?
3abc - b3 b3 - 3abc [2009-I]
(c) (d)
a3 a3 (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
10. For what value of k, does the equation (c) 1 or 2 (d) 0 or 1
[kx2 + (2k + 6)x + 16 = 0] have equal roots? [2008-I]
 EBD_7336
M-168 Quadratic Equations

18. What is the magnitude of difference of the roots of

(a + b) (a + b)
x2 – ab + b = 0? [2009-I] (a) - (b)
2 2
(a) a 2 - 4b (b) b 2 - 4a
(a 2 + b 2 ) (a 2 + b2 )
(c) - (d)
(c) 2 a 2 - 4b (d) b 2 - 4ab 2 2
29. For what value of k, will the roots of the equation
19. If a + b = 2m2, b + c = 6m, a + c = 2, where m is a real
kx2 – 5x + 6 = 0 be in the ratio of 2 : 3? [2010-I]
number and a £ b £ c, then which one of the following
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) 2
is correct? [2009-II]
30. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + px + q =
1 0, then – a–1, –b –1 are the roots of which one of the
(a) 0 £ m £ (b) –1 £ m £ 0
2 following equations? [2010-II]
(a) qx2 – px + 1 = 0 (b) q2 + px + 1 = 0
1 (c) x2 + px – q = 0 (d) x2 – px + q = 0
(c) £m£1 (d) 1 < m £ 2
3 31. If one root of the equation ax2 + x – 3 = 0 is –1, then
20. Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If one what is the other root? [2010-II]
student is extra in a row, there would be two rows less.
1 1 3
If one student is less in a row, there would be three (a) (b) (c) (d) 1
rows more. Then, what is the number of students in the 4 2 4
class? [2009-II] 32. If the equation
(a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 60 (d) 50 (a2 + b2) x2 – 2 (ac + bd)x + (c2 + d2 ) = 0
21. What is the ratio of sum of squares of roots to the has equal roots, then which one of the following is
product of the roots of the equation 7x2 + 12x + 18 = correct? [2010-II]
0? [2009-II] (a) ab = cd (b) ad = bc
(a) 6 : 1 (b) 1 : 6 (c) – 6 : 1 (d) –6 : 7 (c) a2 + c2 = b2 + d2 (d) ac = bd
33. What is the solution of the equation
x (x - 1) - (m + 1) x
22. If the roots of the equation = are
(x - 1) (m - 1) m x x +3 3
- = - ?
equal, then what is the value of m? [2009-II] x+3 x 2
[2010-II]
1 1 (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 1 (b) (c) 0 (d) –
2 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these
23. What is the least integral value of k for which equation 34. What are the roots of the equation 4x – 3.2x + 2 + 32
x2 – 2(k – 1)x + (2k + 1) = 0 has both the roots positive? = 0? [2010-II]
[2010-I] (a) 1, 2 (b) 3, 4 (c) 2, 3 (d) 1, 3
1 35. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 – x – 1 = 0,
(a) 1 (b) - (c) 4 (d) 0 then what is the value of (a4 + b4)? [2010-II]
2
(a) 7 (b) 0
24. If one of the roots of the equation ax2 + x – 3 = 0 is -1.5, (c) 2 (d) None of these
then what is the value of a? [2010-I] 36. If sum as well as product of roots of a quadratic
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) –2 equation is 9, then what is the equation? [2010-II]
25. r is a non-zero real number such that r75 > r 90. This is (a) x2 + 9x – 18 = 0 (b) x2 – 18x + 9 = 0
possible only when [2010-I] 2
(c) x + 9x + 9 = 0 (d) x2 – 9x + 9 = 0
(a) –1 < r < 0 (b) 0 < r < 1 37. If one root of the equation 2x2 + 3x + c = 0 is 0.5, then
(c) 1 < r (d) –1 < r < 1 what is the value of c? [2011-I]
26. When the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + (a) –1 (b) –2 (c) –3 (d) –4
c = 0 are negative of reciprocals of each other, then 38. What is the condition that the quation ax2 + bx + c
which one of the following is correct? [2010-I] = 0, where a ¹ 0 has both the roots positive?[2011-I]
(a) b = 0 (b) c = 0 (c) a = c (d) a = –c (a) a, b and c are of same sign.
27. What are the roots of the equation (b) a and b are of same sign.
log10 (x2 – 6x + 45) = 2? [2010-I] (c) b and c have the same sign opposite to that of a.
(a) 9, –5 (b) –9, 5 (c) 11, –5 (d) –11, 5 (d) a and c have the same sign opposite to that of b.
1 1 1 39. The equation (1 + n2)x2 + 2ncx + (c2 – a2) = 0 will have
28. The sum of the roots of the equation + =
x +a x +b c equal roots, if [2011-I]
is zero. What is the product of the roots of the (a) c2 = 1 + a2 (b) c2 = 1 – a2
equation? [2010-I] (c) c2 = 1 + n2 + a2 (d) c2 = (1 + n2 )a2
Quadratic Equations M-169

40. The equation whose roots are twice the roots of the 51. The difference in the roots of the equation
equation x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 is [2011-I] 2x2 – 11x + 5 = 0 is [2013-I]
(a) x2 – 2x + 4 = 0 (b) x2 – 2x + 16 = 0 (a) 4.5 (b) 4 (c) 3.5 (d) 3
(c) x2 – 4x + 8 = 0 (d) x2 – 4x + 16 = 0 52. If one of the roots of the equation x2 – bx + c = 0 is the
41. If sin q and cos q are the roots of the equation square of the other, then which of the following option
ax2 – bx + c = 0, then which one of the following is is correct? [2013-I]
correct? [2011-II] (a) b3 = 3bc + c2 + c (b) c3 = 3bc + b2 + b
(a) a2 + b2 + 2ac = 0 (b) a2 – b2 + 2ac = 0 (c) 3bc = c3 + b2 + b (d) 3bc = c3 + b3 + b2
(c) a2 + c2 + 2ab = 0 (d) a2 – b2 – 2ac = 0 53. Consider the following statements in respect of the
42. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 – 6x + 6 = quadratic equation ax2 + bx + b = 0, where a ¹ 0.
0, what is a3 + b3 + a2 + b2 + a + b equal to? I. The product of the roots is equal to the sum of the roots.
[2011-II] II. The roots of the equation are always unequal and real.
(a) 150 (b) 138 (c) 138 (d) 124 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
43. If 6 £ x £ 8, then which one of the following is correct? [2013-II]
[2011-II] (a) Only I (b) Only II
(a) (x – 6) (x – 8) ³ 0 (b) (x – 6) (x – 8) > 0 (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(c) (x – 6) (x – 8) £ 0 (d) (x – 6) (x – 8) < 0
44. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 54. If x 2 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + ... ¥ , then what is one of
a2b2x2 – (a2 + b2) x + 1 = 0? [2011-II]
the values of x equal to? [2013-II]
1 1 1 1 (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
(a) 2
, 2 (b) - 2 , - 2
a b a b 55. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 – x – 1 = 0,
1 1 1 1
(c) ,- 2 (d) - 2 , 2 a 2 + b2
a2 b a b then what is equal to? [2013-II]
45. If the roots of the equation ( a 2 - b 2 ) ( a - b)
x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 2 3 4
are real and less than 3, then which one of the following (a) (b) (c) (d) 4
is correct? [2012-I] 5 5 5
(a) a < 2 (b) 2 < a < 3 (c) 3 < a < 4 (d) a > 4 56. Which one is one of the factors of
46. Two students A and B solve an equation of the form 1 æ 1ö
x2 + px + q = 0. A starts with a wrong value of p and x 2+ + 8 ç x + ÷ + 14 ? [2013-II]
x2 è xø
obtains the roots as 2 and 6. B starts with a wrong value
of q and gets the roots as 2 and –9. What are the 1 1
correct roots of the equation? [2012-I] (a) x+ +1 (b) x+ +3
x x
(a) 3 and – 4 (b) – 3 and – 4
(c) – 3 and 4 (d) 3 and 4 1 1
(c) x+ +6 (d) x + + 7
47. If one of the roots of quadratic equation 7x2 – 50x + x x
k = 0 is 7, then what is the value of k? [2012-I] 57. In solving a problem, one student makes a mistake in
50 7 the coefficient of the first degree term and obtains –9
(a) 7 (b) 1 (c) (d) and -1 for the roots. Another student makes a mistake
7 50
in the constant term of the equation and obtains 8 and
48. The quadratic equation whose roots are 3 and –1, is 2 for the roots. The correct equation was [2014-I]
[2012-II] (a) x2 + 10x + 9 = 0 (b) x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
(a) x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 (b) x2 – 2x – 3 = 0 (c) x2 – 10x + 9 = 0 (d) None of these
(c) x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 (d) x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 58. If m and n are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c

49. If one root of the equation

x2 x 1
+ + = 0 is reciprocal
a b c = 0, then the equation whose roots are
(m2 + 1) and
of the other, then which one of the following is correct? m

(a) a = b (b) b = c (c) ac = 1 (d) a = c

[2012-II]
(n2 + 1) is [2014-I]
50. If f(x) is a polynomial with all coefficients are integers n
and constant term 10 having a factor (x – k), where k is (a) acx2 + (ab + bc)x + b2 + (a – c)2 = 0
an integer, then what is the possible value of k? (b) acx2 + (ab – bc) x + b2 + (a – c)2 = 0
[2012-II] (c) acx2 – (ab – bc)x + b2 – (a – c)2 = 0
(a) –20 (b) 20 (c) 8 (d) 5 (d) acx2 – (ab + bc)x + b2 – (a – c)2 = 0
 EBD_7336
M-170 Quadratic Equations

59. The value of x2 – 4x + 11 can never be less than 70. The difference of maximum values of the expressions
[2014-I] (6 + 5x – x2) and (y – 6 – y2) for any real values of x and y is
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 11 (d) 22 [2015-II]
60. The expression 2x3 + x2 – 2x – 1 is divisible by (a) 16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) 19
[2014-I] 71. If the roots of the equation lx2 + mx + m = 0 are in the ratio
(a) x + 2 (b) 2x + 1 (c) x – 2 (d) 2x – 1 p : q, then [2016-I]
61. If x + y = 5, y + z = 10 and z + x = 15, then which one
of the following is correct? [2014-I] p q m
+ + is equal to
(a) z > x > y (b) z > y > x q p l
(c) x > y > z (d) x > z > y (a) 0 (b) 1
62. If the roots of the equation (c) 2 (d) 3
(a2 – bc)x2 + 2(b2 – ac)x + (c2 – ab) = 0
are equal, where b ¹ 0, then which one of the following 72. If 3x 2 – 7 x – 30 – 2 x 2 – 7 x – 5 = x – 5 [2016-I]
is correct? [2014-I] has a and b as its roots, then the value of ab is
(a) a + b + c = abc (b) a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 (a) –15 (b) –5
(c) a3 + b3 + c3 = 0 (d) a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc (c) 0 (d) 5
63. If the roots of the equation Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 are –1 73. If a2 – by – cz = 0, ax – b2 + cz = 0 and ax + by – c2 = 0, then
and 1, then which one of the following is correct?
x y z
[2014-I] the value of + + will be [2016-I]
(a) A and C are both zero a+ x b+ y c+ z
(b) A and B are both positive (a) a + b + c (b) 3
(c) A and C are both negative (c) 1 (d) 0
(d) A and C are of opposite sign 74. Let p and q be non-zero integers. Consider the polynomial
64. If one the roots of the equation px2 + qx + r = 0 is A(x) = x2 + px + q
three times the other, then which one of the following It is given that (x – m) and (x – km) are aimple factora of A(x),
relations is correct ? [2014-II] where m is a non-zero integer and k is a positive integer, k ³
(a) 3q2 = 16 pr (b) q2 = 24 pr 2. Which one of the following is correct? [2016-I]
(c) p = q + r (d) p + q + r = 1 (a) (k + 1)2p2 = kq (b) (k + 1)2q = kp2
65. If m% of m + n% of n = 2% of (m × n), then what (c) k2q = (k + 1)p2 (d) k2p2 = (k + 1)2q
percentage of m is n? [2014-II] 75. If the linear factors of ax – (a2 + 1)x + a are p and q then
2
(a) 50% (b) 75% p + q is equal to [2016-I]
(c) 100% (d) Cannot be determined (a) (x – 1) (a + 1) (b) (x + 1) (a + 1)
66. If m and n are the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 (c) (x – 1) (a – 1) (d) (x + 1) (a – 1)
and m2, n2 are the roots of the equation x2 – cx + d = 76. If the sum of the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the
0, then which of the following is / are correct ? sum of the squares of their reciprocais, then which one of
1. 2b – a2 = c 2. b2 = d the following relations is correct? [2016-I]
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) ab2 + bc2 = 2a2c (b) ac2 + bc2 = 2b2a
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) ab2 + bc2 = a2c (d) a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 77. Under what condition on p and q, one of the roots of the
[2014-II] equation x2 + px + q = 0 is the square of the other?
67. If an = 3– 4n, then what is a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an equal [2016-I]
to ? [2014-II] (a) 1 + q + q2 = 3pq (b) 1 + p + p2 = 3pq
(a) –n(4n –3) (b) –n(2n –1) (c) p3 + q + q2 = 3pq (d) q3 + p + p2 = 3pq
(c) –n2 (d) –n(2n +1) 78. The solution of the inequation [2016-I]
68. For which value of k does the pair of equations x 2 –
y 2 = 0 and (x – k)2 + y 2 = 1 yield a unique positive 1 1
1+ – ³0
solution of x? [2015-I] x x2
(a) 2 (b) 0 is (given that x ¹ 0)
(c) 2 (d) – 2 (a) x > 0
69. If the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 4x – log10 N = 0 (b) x < 0
are all real, then the minimum value of N is [2015-II] –1 – 5 –1 + 5
(c) £x£
1 1 2 2
(a) (b)
100 1000
–1 – 5 –1 + 5
1 (d) x£ or x ³
(c) (d) 10000 2 2
10000
Quadratic Equations M-171

l æ 7ö
79. If l it is an integer and a, b are the roots of 4x2 – 16x +
= 89. If k is an integer, then x 2 + 7x - 14 ç k 2 - ÷ = 0 has
4 è 8ø
0 such that 1< a < 2 and 2 < b < 3, then how many values [2017-II]
can l take ? [2016-II] (a) Both integral roots
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 14 (d) 15 (b) At least one integral root
80. If a and b are the two zeros of the polynomial 25x2 – 15x + (c) No integral root
2, then what is a quadratic polynomial whose zeros are (d) Both positive integral roots
(2a)–1 and (2b)–1? [2016-II] 90. If the roots of the equation px2 + x + r = 0 are reciprocal to
(a) x2 + 30 x + 2 (b) 8x2 – 30x + 25 each other, then which one of the following is correct?
(c) 8x2 – 30x (d) x2 + 30x [2018-I]
81. 2
If p and q are the roots of x +px +q = 0, then which one of (a) p = 2r (b) p = r
the following is correct ? [2016-II] (c) 2p = r (d) p = 4r
(a) p = 0 or 1 (b) p = 1 only 91. If a and b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
(c) p = –2 or 0 (d) p = –2 only then what is the value of the expression (a + 1) (b + 1)?
82. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + 6x [2018-I]
+ k = 0, Where k < 0, then what is the maximum value of
a +b+c b+c-a
æ a bö (a) (b)
a a
çè b + a ø÷ ? [2017-I]
a -b+c a +b-c
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 9 (d) – 9 (c) (d)
a a
83. If one root of
92. A quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is such that when it is
(a2 – 5a + 3) x2 + (3a – 1 ) x + 2 = 0
divided by x, (x – 1) and (x + 1), the remainders are 3, 6 and
is twice the other, then what is the value of 'a'? [2017-I]
4 respectively. What is the value of (a + b)? [2018-I]
2 2 1 1 (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) –1
(a) (b) - (c) (d) -
3 3 3 3 93. If x2 – 6x – 27 > 0, then which one of the following is
correct? [2018-II]
a+b- a-b (a) –3 < x < 9 (b) x < 9 or x > –3
84. If x = , then what is bx2 – 2ax + b equal to
a+b+ a-b (c) x > 9 or x < –3 (d) x < –3 only
(b ¹ 0) ? [2017-I] 94. If a and b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ab (d) 2ab then the value of + is [2018-II]
85. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + px + q = 0, then aa + b ab + b
a b c 1
what is a2 + b2 equal to ? [2017-I] (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 bc ac ab abc
(a) p – 2q (b) q – 2p
95. The minimum value of the expression 2x2 + 5x + 5 is
(c) p2 + 2q (d) q2 – q
(a) 5 (b) 15/8 (c) –15/8 (d) 0
86. Aman and Alok attempted to solve a quadratic equation. 96. If a, b and g are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = ax3 + +
Aman made a mistake in writing down the constant term bx2 + cx + d, then a2 + b2 + g2 is equal to [2018-II]
and ended up in roots (4, 3). Alok made a mistake in writing
b 2 - ac b2 - 2ac
down the coefficient of x to get roots (3, 2). The correct (a) (b)
roots of the equation are [2017-I] a2 a

(a) – 4, – 3 (b) 6, 1 (c) 4, 3 (d) – 6, – 1 b 2 + 2ac b 2 - 2 ac

(c) 2 (d)
87. What is the positive value of m for which the roots of the b a2
equation 12x2 + mx + 5 = 0 are in the ratio 3 : 2?[2017-II] 97. If p and q are the roots of the equation x2 - 15x + r = 0 and
p - q = 1, then what is the value of r ? [2019-I]
5 10 5 12 (a) 55 (b) 56 (c) 60 (d) 64
(a) 5 10 (b) (c) (d)
12 12 5 98. For the inequation x2 - 7x + 12 > 0, which one of the
88. If the roots of the equation following is correct ? [2019-I]
a (b – c) x2 + b (c – a) x + c (a – b) = 0 are equal, then which (a) 3 < x < 4 (b) - ¥ < x < 3 only
one of the following is correct? [2017-II] (c) 4 < x < ¥ only (d) - ¥ < x < 3 or 4 < x < ¥
(a) 2b = a + c (b) b2 = ac 99. The equation x2 + px + q = 0 has roots equal to p and q
where q ¹ 0. What are the values of p and q respectively?
2 1 1 1 1 1
(c) = + (d) = + [2019-II]
b a c b a c (a) 1, -2 (b) 1, 2 (c) -1, 2 (d) -1, -2
 EBD_7336
M-172 Quadratic Equations

100. If (b - 6) is one of the quadratic equation x2 - 6x + b

5 10 5 10
= 0, where b is an integer, then what is the maximum value (a) - or - (b) or
of b2 ? [2019-II] 2 3 2 3
(a) 36 (b) 49 (c) 64 (d) 81 5 10 5 10
101. Two numbers p and q are such that the quadratic equation (c) or - (d) - or
2 3 2 3
px2 + 3x + 2q = 0 has -6 as the sum and the product of
103. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation
the roots. What is the value of (p - q) ? [2019-II]
x2 + kx – 15 = 0 such that a – b = 8, then what is the
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
positive value of k ? [2020-I]
102. If the equations x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 and x2 + kx +1= 0 have a
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
common root, then what is the value of k ? [2019-II]

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let the common root be a, then
a2 – ka – 21 = 0 ... (i) Þ 6y2 – 13y + 6 = 0 Þ 6y2 – 9y – 4y + 6 = 0
and a2 – 3ka + 35 = 0 ... (ii) Þ 3y(2y – 3) – 2(2y – 3) = 0
Solving by the rules of cross multiplication Þ (3y – 2) (2y – 3) = 0
2 3
a2 a 1 \ y= and
= = 3 2
-35 - 63k -21 - 35 -3k + k
2 x 4
2 When, we put y = Þ =
a a 1 3 1- x 9
Þ = =
- 98 k - 56 - 2 k 4
Þ 9x = 4 – 4x Þ x =
13
a2 -1
Þ = 3
- 98k 2k When we put y =
2
- 56 28
Þ a2 = 49 and a = = x 9
- 2k k Þ = Þ 4x = 9 – 9x
1- x 4
2 9
æ 28 ö \ x=
Then, ç ÷ = 49 13
è k ø
4. (a) Given equation, 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
28 ´ 28 \ 2x2 – 6x – x + 3 = 0
Þ = k2
49 Þ 2x (x – 3) – 1(x – 3) = 0
Þ 16 = k2 Þ (2x – 1) (x – 3) = 0
\ k = ± 4. Both equation have a common root.
1 1 1 1 2
2. (d) Given, = + + 1 æ1ö æ1ö
a +b+x a b x So, we put x = Þ 4ç ÷ + a ç ÷ - 3 = 0
2 è2ø è2ø
1 1 1 1 - (a + b) (a + b)
\ - = + Þ = a a
a +b+x x a b (a + b + x) x ab Þ 1+ -3 = 0 Þ = 2 Þ a = 4
2 2
Þ x2 + (a + b)x + ab = 0 Þ (x + a)(x + b) = 0 Again, we put x = 3
Hence, x = –a, –b. 4(3)2 + a(3) – 3 = 0
Þ 36 + 3a – 3 = 0 Þ a = –11
x
3. (c) Let =y a = –11 or 4.
1- x 5. (a) Given, px2 + qx + r = 0
1 13 Let a and b are the roots of equation.
\ y+ = Þ (y2 + 1) 6 = 13y According to the question,
y 6
b = 2a
Quadratic Equations M-173

=3+2=5
r
Product of roots (ab) = = 2a 2 and (a + 1) (b + 1) = ab + a + b + 1
p =2+3+1=6
r Required equation is
Þ a2 = ... (i) x2 – (a + 1 + b + 1)x + (a + 1)(b + 1) = 0
2p Þ x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
q 9. (c) a and b are the roots of the equation
Sum of roots (a + b) = - = 3a ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
p
b c
-q a+b = - and ab =
Þ a= ... (ii) a a
3p
\ a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 - 3 ab (a + b)
We put the value of a in equation (i),
Now, 3
æ bö æcö æ bö
2 = ç- ÷ - 3 ç ÷ ç- ÷
æ q ö r è aø èaø è aø
Þ çè 3p ÷ø = 2p
b3 3bc 3abc - b3
2
2q = 9pr =- + =
6. (b) Given, a3 a 2 a3
2x – 3y < 7 ...(i) 10. (c) Given equation is
and x + 6y < 11 ...(ii) kx2 + (2k + 6)x + 16 = 0
On adding equations (i) and (ii), For equal roots then D must be zero.
3x + 3y < 18 Þ (2k + 6)2 – 4k . 16 = 0
Þ x+ y< 6 Þ 4k2 + 24k + 36 – 64k = 0
7. (b) Given equation, Þ 4k2 – 40k + 36 = 0
Þ k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
2x 3- x 3
- = Þ k2 – 9k – k + 9 = 0
3- x 2x 2
Þ k(k – 9) – 1(k – 9) = 0
2x Þ (k – 1) (k – 9) = 0
Let =a \ k = 1 and 9.
3- x
11. (c) Let the roots of equations are a and b.
1 3 x2 – 3kx + 2k2 – 1 = 0
\ a- =
a 2 \ ab = 2k2 – 1
Þ 2(a2 – 1) = 3a But given, -ab = 7
Þ 2a2 – 3a – 2 = 0 \ 2k2 – 1 = 7
Þ 2a2 – 4a + a – 2 = 0 Þ 2k2 = 8 Þ k2 = 4
Þ 2a(a – 2) + 1(a – 2) = 0 k¹2
Þ (2a + 1)(a – 2) = 0 On putting k = ±2 in the equation, then we get
If a – 2 = 0
x2 m 6x + 7 = 0
Now, put a = 2
2x D = b 2 - 4ac = (6) 2 - 4 ´ 7 = 36 - 28 = 2 2
Þ =2
3- x
D = 2 2 , so roots of equation are irrational.
Squaring both sides, then we get
Þ 2x = 4(3 – x) 12. (b) Given equation,
Þ 6x = 12 Þ x = 2 2x2 – 3x – 4 = 0
If 2a + 1 = 0, 1
For a reciprocal roots, we replace x by , we get
1 -1 x
Þ a=- , a¹
2 2 2
x = 2 is the root of equation. æ1ö æ1ö
2 ç ÷ - 3ç ÷ - 4 = 0
8. (d) Since, a and b are the roots of the equation èxø èxø
x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 Þ – 4x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
\ a + b = 3 and ab = 2 ... (i) Þ 4x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
Now, a + 1 + b + 1 = a + b + 2
 EBD_7336
M-174 Quadratic Equations

13. (c) Given that, Þ 3x = 3 3x = 9

2x2 + 6x + 5y + 1 = 0 ... (i) \ x=1 x=2
x = 1, 2 are value of x.
-y - 3
and 2x + y + 3 = 0 Þ x = ... (ii) 18. (a) Given expression
2 x2 – ax + b = 0
Now, putting the value of x from (ii) in equation (i), Here a and b are roots of the equation
2 \ a + b = a and ab = b
æ -3 - y ö æ -3- y ö
2ç ÷ + 6ç + 5y + 1 = 0
è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø 2 2
So, a - b = (a + b) - 4ab = a - 4b
19. (c) Given, a + b = 2m2 ... (i)
9 + y 2 + 6y (18y + 6y) b + c = 6m ... (ii)
Þ - + 5y + 1 = 0
2 2 and a + c = 2 ... (iii)
Þ y2 + 10y – 7 = 0 On adding equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
14. (a) Since, a polynomial equation has rational coefficient 2(a + b + c) = 2m2 + 6m + 2
and has exactly three real roots, then degree of the Þ a + b + c = m2 + 3m + 1 ... (iv)
polynomial must be equal to 3. On subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iv), we get
15. (a) a and b are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + a = m2 + 3m – 1
c=0 On subtracting equation (iii) from equation
b c (iv), we get
\ a + b =- and ab = b = m2 + 3m – 1
a a
On subtracting equation (i) from equation (iv), we get
2 2 c = –m2 + 3m + 1
æ 1 1 ö æ b2 - a 2 ö
\ - = As a £ b and b £ c
ç 2 ÷ ç 2 2 ÷
èa b2 ø è a b ø Þ m2 – 3m + 1 £ m2 + 3m – 1 and
m2 + 3m – 1 £ –m2 + 3m + 1
(a + b ) 2 {(a + b) 2 - 4 ab} Þ 6m ³ 2 and 2m2 £ 2
=
(a 2 b 2 ) 2 1