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2 Oxidation Number

This document defines oxidation number and provides rules for determining the oxidation number of elements in compounds and polyatomic ions. It then provides examples of using the rules to calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in various compounds and polyatomic ions. These include determining that the oxidation number of sulfur is +4 in SO2, +6 in H2SO4, and +2 in Na2S2O3 and S2O32-. It also determines the oxidation number of nitrogen is -3 in NH3 and NH4+ and of manganese is +7 in KMnO4 and of chromium is +6 in K2Cr2O7 and Cr2O72-.

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Nurfatiha Abdul Razak
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956 views8 pages

2 Oxidation Number

This document defines oxidation number and provides rules for determining the oxidation number of elements in compounds and polyatomic ions. It then provides examples of using the rules to calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in various compounds and polyatomic ions. These include determining that the oxidation number of sulfur is +4 in SO2, +6 in H2SO4, and +2 in Na2S2O3 and S2O32-. It also determines the oxidation number of nitrogen is -3 in NH3 and NH4+ and of manganese is +7 in KMnO4 and of chromium is +6 in K2Cr2O7 and Cr2O72-.

Uploaded by

Nurfatiha Abdul Razak
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Oxidation number

Definition: The oxidation number of an element is the charge that the atom of the element would have if complete transfer of electron occurs Tips from the rules: the oxidation number for atom and molecule is zero
Atom or molecule Oxidation number

Zn 0

C 0

Mg 0

Ag 0

H2 0

O2 0

Cl2 0

the oxidation number for monoatomic ion is equal to its charge


H+ +1 Fe2+ +2 Mn2+ +2 Fe3+ +3 Cr3-1 O2-2 N3-3

Monoatomic ion Oxidation number

the sum of oxidation numbers of all elements in the compound is zero


H2SO4 KMnO4 0 0 SO2 0 Na2SO4 0 K2Cr2O7 0

Compound Oxidation number

the sum of oxidation number of all elements in polyatomic ions is equal to the charge of the ions
NH4+ SO42- MnO4- Cr2O72- S2O32+1 -2 -1 -2 -2 Fe(CN)63-3

Polyatomic ion Oxidation number

Calculate the oxidation numbers for the underlined elements. (i) SO2 [compound]
[refer to rules above]

Element Number of element Oxidation number

S 1 x

O 2 -2

Sum of oxidation numbers 0

[let the unknown oxidation number is equal to x]

1(x) + 2(-2) = 0 x - 4 = 0 x = +4 Thus; Oxidation number of S in SO2 = +4 (ii) H2SO4 Element Number of element Oxidation number H 2 +1 S 1 x O 4 -2 Sum of oxidation numbers 0

2(+1) + 1(x) + 4(-2) = 0 2+ x - 8 = 0 x = +6 Thus; Oxidation number of S in H2SO4 = +6

(iii) Na2S2O3 Element Number of element Oxidation number Na 2 +1 S 2 x O 3 -2 Sum of oxidation numbers 0

2(+1) + 2(x) + 3(-2) = 0 2 + 2x - 6 = 0 x = 4 2 = +2 Thus; Oxidation number of S in Na2S2O3 = +2 (iv) NH3 Element Number of element Oxidation number N 1 x H 3 +1 = 0 x = -3 Sum of oxidation numbers 0

1(x) + 3(+1)

Thus; Oxidation number of N in NH3 = -3

(v) S2O32- [polyatomic ion]


[refer to rules above]

Element Number of element Oxidation number

S 2 x

O 3 -2 = = = =

Sum of oxidation numbers -2

2(x) + 3(-2) 2x - 6 x x

-2 -2 (6 2) /2 +2

Thus; Oxidation number of S in S2O32- = +2 (vi) NH4+ : ammonium ion [polyatomic ion] Sum of oxidation Element N H numbers Number of element 1 4 +1 Oxidation number x +1 x(1) + 4(+1) x + 4 x x = +1 = +1 = 1 - 4 = -3

Thus; Oxidation number of N in NH4+ = -3

Exercises; Calculate the oxidation numbers for the underlined elements. i. ii. iii. iv. KMnO4 potassium manganate(VII) MnO4K2Cr2O7 Potassium dichromate(VI) Cr2O72-

Answer: i. KMnO4 Element Number of element Oxidation number K 1 +1 Mn 1 x O 4 -2 Sum of oxidation numbers 0

1(+1) + 1(x) + 4(-2) = 0 1 + x 8 = 0 x = +7 Thus; Oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 = +7 ii. MnO4Element Mn O Sum of oxidation numbers

Number of element Oxidation number

1 x

4 -2

-1

1(x) + 4(-2) = -1 x 8 = -1 x = +7 Thus; Oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 = +7 iii. K2Cr2O7 Element K Cr 2 x O 7 -2 = = = = = 0 0 12 12 / 2 +6 Sum of oxidation numbers 0 Number of element 2 Oxidation number +1

2(+1) + 2(x) + 7(-2) 2 + 2x 14 2x 2x x

Thus; Oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72- = +6 iv. Cr2O72Element Cr O Sum of oxidation numbers

Number of element Oxidation number

2 x

7 -2 = = = = =

-2 0 0 12 12 / 2 +6

2(+1) + 2(x) + 7(-2) 2 + 2x 14 2x 2x x

Thus; Oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72- = +6 Easy lah!


Prepared by; Kamal Ariffin Bin Saaim SMKDBL

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