Project Synopsis
Solar Off Grid System
Submitted By
Muhammad Usman Ali SC26-BTEL-F18-009
Muhammad Ramiz Ikram SC26-BTEL-F18-010
Muhammad Haroon Hanif SC26-BTEL-F18-005
Abdul Majeed SC26-BTEL-F18-001
Supervisor
Eng. Umar Farooq Sb
Lecturer
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY
THE SUPERIOR COLLEGE, LAHORE
Session (2018-2022)
Table of Contents
Contents Page Number
Introduction 1
Objective 1
Problem Statement 1
Circuit Design 2
Components 2
How it works? 2
Conclusion 3
Project Timeline 3
References 3
Supervisor’s Comments 4
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1. Introduction
Energy is a necessity like food and water. Everything around us requires energy. Over the
years there has been an increase in the earth’s population which is directly proportional to the
energy used as well. All the possible gadgets and equipment need some or the other kind of
energy to function. With depleting fossil fuel reserves it becomes necessary to identify viable
renewable energy resources that can decrease the dependency on fossil fuels.
Solar energy is the most abundant form of energy available to us. It is approximated that
10000 TW worth of solar energy is incident on earth’s surface in a day (Bosshard, 2006).
According to a report, the world energy consumption in 2015 was 17.4 TW altogether
(Seger, 2016). There has been a minimal increase in the energy consumption every year,
approximately 1-1.5% annual growth. The world’s total energy consumption is expected to
grow by 56% by the year 2040 (U.S Energy Information Administration, 2013). Comparing
current consumption, projected growth in two decades, and the amount of solar radiation
received in an hour we can just imagine the potential solar energy holds. The total energy
consumed is not small fraction of what we receive in an hour.
Despite this energy potential available to us the current utilization of solar energy is less than
5% globally. There are countries that are taking initiatives to switch from using fossil fuels to
solar applications. These countries form a pool called the G-20 countries which have taken
the global leadership to adopt renewable resources of energy. Germany is one of the G20
countries that has switched its energy needs to approximately 38% to solar and aims to go
completely stop its dependency on nuclear and replace it with solar by the year 2050
(Richardson, 2017). Similarly, most of the countries have abundant solar potential and can
take a lesson from Germany.
Apart from harvesting the resource and decreasing the dependency on fossil fuel because
they are limited, one must understand the consequences of using fossil fuels. Burning of
fossil fuels for energy has an adverse effect on the environment. It releases CO₂ into the
atmosphere which is responsible for the greenhouse effect. Further, it also causes the ozone
layer to be depleted. These mentioned phenomena can cause several events to occur such as
acid rain, air pollution, land pollution because of excavating operations, etc.
A 4 KW solar panel used in homes for 25 years can offset 199,697 lbs of CO ₂, is equivalent
to planting, and is equal to 208,166 (RGS- Rethink your roof, n.d.). It is fascinating that how
much just one home can make an impact in the environment by using Solar panels. One
could imagine, what would be the benefit of using this technology on larger scale.
2. Objective
The objective is to convert sun light energy into electrical energy by using solar panels
and use it to run electrical devices and machines.
Utilize the electrical power for lightning up the house, schools, shopping malls and other
load.
3. Problem Statement
During the current crises the electricity prices are too high and, in some cases, won’t
affordable, and in many areas, there is no electricity Using solar panel we can produce cheap
electricity. The installation is simple and maintenance cost is approximately negligible
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4. Circuit Diagram
5. Components
The following components will be use:
Battery
Multimeter
Solar plate
Charge Controller
Inverter
Wires
Chip board frame
6. How it Works?
At first solar panels convert the sun light energy into electrical energy (Direct Current). Then
using wire, we connect that panel output to the charge controller. The charge controller step
down the soller voltages according to battery and load (12V DC). charge control also used
that voltages to charge the battery and when battery is full it discontinues the charging. All
the loads also connect to the load terminal of charge controller. If there is any ac load so for
that inverter will be used. The input terminal of inverter connects to the load terminal of
charge controller. The inverter will invert 12 v dc into 220 v ac, and we can run our ac load
using that inverter. Using voltmeter, we can see the output voltage of solar panels.
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7. Conclusion
The project presented is a well-balanced model of energy generation and ease of setup and
implementation. This model can be used as an alternative for power supply if implemented
on a large scale. Further, this can be applied to areas where there is an extensive need of
power conservation. This project can easily be installed at those area where there is no
concept of electricity like rural areas.
8. Project Timeline
Task 1: Literature Review
Task 2: Component Selection And Purchasing
Task 3: Circuit Designing
Task 4: Project Assembling
Task 5: Testing
Task 6: Final Documentation
9. References
[1] ALTE store. (n.d.). THE ROLE OF AN INVERTER IN A SOLAR ELECTRIC
SYSTEM
[2] H. Bosshard, P. (2006). An Assessment of Solar Energy Conversion Technologies and
Research
[3] Kiran Boby, AleenaPaul K, Anumol.C.V, Josnie Ann Thomas, Nimisha K. K Deptof
EEE,MACE, Kothamangalam: Footstep Power Generation Using Piezo Electric Transducers
[4] energy.gov. (n.d.). Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems. Retrieved from
Energy.gov:
[5] X. Li, D. Upadrashta, K. Yu, Y. Yang, Energy Conversion and Management, Elsevier
Ltd, (2018) Google Scholar
[6] Franklin, E. (2017, August). Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Site Assessment. Retrieved from
[7] Northern Arizon Wind and Sun. (n.d.). All About Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) Solar Charge Controllers. Retrieved from Northern Arizon Wind and Sun:
[8] NREL. (n.d.). NREL's PV Watt calculator. Retrieved from NREL:
https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/
[9] RGS- Rethink your roof. (n.d.). Head to Head: Benefits of Solar Energy vs Fossil Fuels
[10] Richardson, L. (2017, May 14). Solar electricity vs. fossil fuels: how do they
compare? Retrieved from Energsage: https://news.energysage.com/solar-energy-vs-fossil-
fuels/
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[11] Seger, B. (2016, September 23). Global Energy Consumption: The Numbers for Now
and in the Future. Retrieved from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/global-
energyconsumption-numbers-now-future-brian-seger/
[12] Solar Choice. (2016, November 16). Why even partial shading is bad for solar power
systems. Retrieved from Solar Choice: https://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/partialshading-is-
bad-for-solar-panels-power
[13] Solar Guy. (2016, April 7). Size your PWM Charge Controller With Our New Free
Solar Charge Controller Calculator! Retrieved from SOLAR PANEL SECRETS EXPOSED:
http://solarpanelsvenue.com/size-pwm-charge-controller/
[14] Weis, C. (2013, January). Considerations for Off-Grid PV Systems. Retrieved from
Home Power: https://www.homepower.com/articles/solar-electricity/designinstallation/
considerations-grid-pv-systems
[15] U.S Energy Information Administration. (2013, July 25). EIA projects world energy
consumption will increase 56% by 2040. Retrieved from Today in Energy:
https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=12251
9. Supervisor’s Comments
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Signature of Supervisor
Eng. Umar Farooq
Lecturer
