Ali, G., & Khan, L. (2012).
Language and construction of gender: A feminist critique of SMS
discourse. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 4(2), 342-360.
The authors of the study, Lubna Akhlaq Khan and Ghulam Ali examined how language,
specifically SMS discourse, is utilized to establish stereotypical female identities in their
study. The theoretical framework was supplied by feminism and constructionism. A total
of 400 messages were collected from a variety of persons of both genders. Methods
included content analysis and feminist criticism. A careful review of the data collected
reveals that Pakistani women are shown in disparaging and demeaning terms and
material. The linguistic and content analysis of the 400 mobile phone texts found that
over 90% of the messages used language devices and content to portray women in a
pessimistic and derogatory way, such as disparaging phrases with sexual overtones,
similes, metaphors, compliments, diminutive forms, female self-incrimination, and
cartoons, to portray women in a pessimistic and derogatory way. These ads' offensive and
derogatory language and content reflect and promote our society's unfavorable views and
ideas about women; they are counterproductive and foster low female self-esteem. It also
demonstrates that female depictions in SMS discourse are incompatible with religious
and social values and standards, and instead encourage disparaging and unfavorable
stereotypes of women in print and electronic media.