Contemp World Module 5
Contemp World Module 5
Introduction 26
What Is Migration? 27
What Is Global Migration? 28
Bene ts and Detriments for the Sending Countries 30
The Problem of Human Tra cking 31
Synthesis 32
Assessments 33
Assignments 35
References 37
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Introduction
In this module, you will learn the meaning of global population and mobility, expanding
your knowledge on how it affects the global economic stage; the importance of a global city,
how it affects the economy of a country, the pros and cons of it, and its four different
categories; the theory of global demography on how it compares with the birth and death
rates of different eras of our history to the present time; what it means of global migration;
the many factors of why people migrate to different land or country, how it affects the
country’s economy, and the negative side it has to do to the people looking for
opportunities elsewhere.
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Paulinian A rmation
“As a Christ-centered Paulinian, I am a reliable, productive expert, and implementer,
competently pursuing my mission in life.”
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Learning Outcomes
During the learning engagement, you should be able to
● explain why globalization is a spatial phenomenon,
● identify the attributes of a global city, and
● analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization.
Learning Activities
Formation
The Global Cities
Cities in a globalizing world although globalization
certainly affects rural and peri urban areas, global
forces are centered in cities.
It is in cities that global operations are centralized
and where we can see most clearly the phenomena
associated with their activities, whether it be
changes in the structure of employment, the
formation of powerful partnerships, the
development of monumental real estate, the emergence of new forms of local governance,
the effects of organized crime, the expansion of corruption, the fragmentation of informal
networks or the spatial isolation exclusion of certain population groups.
What Is a Global City?
Also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, global city is a city which is
the primary node in the global economic network.
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Shanghai Singapore
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Source: AT Kearney Report, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014
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Processing
Globalization has emerged as a new paradigm for describing the way in which the human
family can relate to each other. Globalization is the increased interconnectedness of all
people on the face of earth. We can now more easily, rapidly, and cheaply move, and thus
share, ourselves, our consumer goods, our material and human capital, and the values that
comprise our respective cultures.
Cities are the engines of globalization. They are social magnets, growing faster and faster. In
the current generation urban life has become the dominant form of human life throughout
the world. The problems generated by the present rate of urban growth are new, and
cannot be solved on the basis of the lessons of the past. Our historical urban institutions
are not adapting fast enough to the pace of growth. At Penn we have the resources in a
variety of disciplines and professions to gather, analyze and interpret the new types of data
that are necessary to enable us to catch up and plan for the urban future, in association
with other international initiatives such as the World Ur-ban Forum. An increasing number
of large cities, with populations of over five million, are already identified as global cities,
cities that are nodes of global as much as national networks. In 2000, there were 18
megacities (over 10 million)—conurbations such as Mumbai, Tokyo, New York City/Newark
and Mexico City had populations in excess of 10 million inhabitants. Greater Tokyo already
has 35 million.
The Hong Kong/Guangzhou area is even larger, perhaps 120 million. Urban growth is faster
outside the Western world, fastest in the poorest areas, such as Africa and the poorer parts
of Asia, producing the most serious problems—problems which as the processes of
globalization also progress will cease to be African and Asian problems and will become
global problems. Movement into cities increases political voice and participation, as
previously isolated rural populations become players on city streets, on the Internet, and in
migration. As the pace of growth accelerates the distinguishing cultural features of
established historical cities become diluted. Established institutional forms of governance
and services do not work with larger numbers. In the past cities worked differently in
culturally different parts of the world, and experienced different problems, now institutional
innovation is failing to keep up with the rate of growth and change, and the problems
confronting urban populations depend more on size and the rate of growth than on cultural
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2. How does globalization affect global cities and vice versa?
3. What is the meaning of “engines of globalization?”
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Synthesis
● Global city is a city that plays a significant role in the global economic system is
called a global city. To be considered a global city, an urban center must prove it
enjoys a significant global advantage over other cities and serves as a hub within the
world economic system. Amsterdam, Houston, Mexico City, Paris, São Paulo, and
Zurich have all grown to be global cities.
● There are two factors that have led to the emergence of networks of activities that
seek to fulfill the service and financial requirements of multinationals: economic
globalization and mass production.
● The three classifications of global cities are the 1st tier, 2nd tier, and 3rd tier.
Answer the following questions:
1. What are global cities?
2. What are the characteristics of a global city?
3. What are the reasons for an increasing occurrence of global cities?
4. Why is globalization a spatial phenomenon?
5. How do cities serve as engines of globalization?
Assessments
I. Direction: Classify the given global cities below the table as to its category.
LONDON BANGKOK NEW YORK
ZURICH SÃO PAULO TOKYO
MADRID MEXICO CITY SEOUL
MIAMI LOS ANGELES TAIPEI
FRANKFURT PARIS AMSTERDAM
SYDNEY SINGAPORE
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Assignments
I. Perform the following activity:
Instructions:
1. Form groups with five members.
2. Check your city/town map and learn about its different districts.
3. Then either drive or take a bus/jeepney around the city/town to check out
these districts. As you go around, write down what you think are the features
and characteristics of each district. Note the following:
a. The kinds of homes
b. The way the neighborhoods are organized (gated residences, open
residences, non-gated houses, etc.)
c. The kinds of people you notice in these neighborhoods (what you think
their occupations are, how they dress, how they treat each other, the
languages they speak, even the food they eat
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Learning Outcomes
During the learning engagement, you should be able to
● explain the relationship between population and economic welfare,
● identify and explain the effects of aging and overpopulation, and
● express and exhibit analysis and stand on the contrasting positions over
reproductive health issues.
Learning Activities
Processing and Formation
Introduction
For much of human history, demographic patterns were reasonably stable; human
populations grew slowly, and the age structures, birth rates, and death rates of populations
changed only gradually. Epidemics and pandemics had huge effects on populations, but
these effects were short-lived and had little bearing on long-term trends.
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Population Growth by Continent from 2000 to 2018
The decline in fertility and the existence of a young productive population, however, may
not be enough to offset this concern over food security. The Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) warns that in order for countries to mitigate the impact of population
growth, food production must increase by 70%; annual cereal production must rise to 3
billion tons from the current 2.1 billion; and yearly meat production must go up to 200
million tons to reach 470 million. The problem here is that the global rate of growth of
cereals had declined considerably – from 3.2% in 1960 to just 1.5% in 2000.
The FAO recommends that countries increase their investments in agriculture, craft
long-term policies aimed at fighting poverty, and invest in research and development. The
UN body also suggests that countries develop a comprehensive social service program that
includes food assistance, consistent delivery of health services, and education especially for
the poor. If domestic production is not enough, it becomes essential for nations to import.
The FAO, therefore, enjoins governments to keep their markets open, and to eventually
“move towards a global trading system that is fair and competitive, and that contributes to a
dependent market for food.
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2. Do you believe in the neo-Malthusian argument? Why?
3. How can technology and interventions in development offset the pressures of
population growth?
4. Under what circumstances is rapid population growth beneficial to societies?
Synthesis
● Demography is the study of human populations—their size, composition and
distribution across space—and the process through which populations change.
● Demography is a complex discipline that requires the integration of various social
scientific data.
● As you have seen, demographic changes and policies have impacts on the
environment, politics, resources, and others. Yet, at its core, demography accounts
for the growth and decline of the human species.
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Assessments
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which continent has the highest growth rate?
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. Europe
d. South America
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Assignments
Do the following items:
1. Do advanced research and read on the following topics:
a. Migration
b. Benefits and Detriments for the Sending Countries
c. The Problem of Human Trafficking
d. Integration
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Learning Outcomes
During the learning engagement, you should be able to
● identify the reasons why people migrate,
● explain why states regulate migration, and
● explain and share insights in relation to the challenges connected to global
migration.
Learning Activities
Processing and Formation
Introduction
This lesson will look at global
migration and its impact on both the
sending and receiving countries.
Although we will cite numerous
challenges relating to migration,
migration should not be considered a
“problem.” There is nothing moral or
immoral about moving from one
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2. Based on what you’ve learned about human trafficking, do you think is it possible to
be resolved, if yes, how, if not, why?
3. Referring to what you have discussed, how does global migration complement the
economic well-being of the state?
Synthesis
● Why are migrants mostly beneficial for receiving countries?
● What are the benefits and detriments of economies dependent on migration
remittances?
● Why do you think that most global migration is likely to happen from developing
countries to developed ones?
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Assessments
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Statement 1: Push factors are factors that help migrants decide to leave their home.
Statement 2: Pull factors are factors that propel people in area where immigrants are
not going.
a. Both statements are correct.
b. Both statements are incorrect.
2. It refers to lack of employment or opportunities or differentials in employment and
wages; the lure of well-paid jobs in a wealthy country is a powerful driver of
international migration.
a. Political reasons
b. Economic reasons
c. Social factors
d. Cultural factors
3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Statement 1: Most global migration is from developed countries to developing ones.
Statement 2: Global migration is a situation in which people go to live in foreign
countries.
a. Only statement 1 is incorrect.
b. Only statement 2 is incorrect.
c. Both statements are correct.
d. Both statements are incorrect.
4. The following are pull factors, except
a. Better working conditions
b. High standard of living
c. Attractive compensation package
d. Unemployment
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Assignments
OFW Survey
Do the activity following the instructions.
Instruction:
Do a survey in your neighborhood and ask families about their relatives (parents, children,
uncles, aunts, cousin, etc.) who had migrated or worked abroad. List down who they are,
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Re ection Guide
1. What have I LEARNED this day that has helped me do all aspects of this better?
2. What have I DONE this week that has made me better at doing all aspects of this?
3. How can I IMPROVE at doing all aspects of this?
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Expanded Opportunities
References
Canning, D. and Bloom, D. (2006). “Global Demography: Fact, Force, and Future.”
Retrieved from
[Link] (accessed 10
August 2020)
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