AN ASSESSMENT ON THE RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS O (ROTC) OF SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE

OF CARAGA (SMCC)

___________________________________________

A Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of College Criminal Justice Education

Saint Michael College of Caraga

Nasipit, Agusan del Norte

___________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

___________________________________________

By

VALLEJOS, JULIUS L.

MORTEJO, CHILYN G.

SAMILING, REA MAY Y.

 APPROVAL SHEET

IVAN ALLEN HONRADA

Adviser

LOUIE U. CALLORA, PhD., (CAR)

Member

JUN C. VILLARMIA, PhD.

Member

ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CRIMINOLOGY.

JUN C. VILLARMIA, PhD.

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 First and foremost, we give thanks to our Lord Jesus Christ and Saint Michael the Archangel for
providing us with the information, courage, wisdom, and direction needed to complete this thesis. We
also give thanks for the sleepless nights, efforts, and sweat we shed to make this study interesting and
helpful.

To our parents, who have always loved and supported us and have met all our material and
moral requirements. A for their tolerance and understanding with us throughout our long, exhausting
days when we are unable to do some tasks.

For their eager cooperation in helping us carry out our study, we are grateful to the Provincial
Government, Libertad, Butuan City, staff, and the Persons of Deprived Liberty.

To the school where we are currently enrolled, Saint Michael College of Caraga, where we are
steadily increasing our number of Bachelor of Science in Criminology students, and to the staff of the
department, to our dean Mr. Jun C. Villarmia, for sharing their knowledge and helping to shape us into
better people.

Thanks to Dr. Dennis P. Mausisa, vice president of academic affairs, for teaching us how to do
research. We also want to express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Ivan Allen Honrada for serving as our
advisor during the study process and for providing us with ideas and advice on the subjects we do not
understand.

BONGE, ROGELYN D.

CAMINGAO, JUDIE MAE C.

GALAPIN, ROMIL M.

The Researcher

SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA

ATUPAN ST. BRGY. 4, AGUSAN DEL NORTE

 COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

ABSTRACT

TITLE: MENTAL HEALTH AMONG PERSON’S OF DEPRIVED LIBERTY IN

AGUSAN DEL NORTE, PROVINCIAL JAIL

AUTHORS: BONGE, ROGELYN D.

CAMINGAO, JUDIE MAE C.

GALAPIN, ROMIL M.

SCHOOL: SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA

ADVISER: IVAN ALLEN HONRADA

PAGES:

KEYWORD: MENTAL HEALTH AMONG PERSONS of DEPRIVED LIBERTY

 Inmates at the provincial jail in Agusan del Norte's mental health were the focus of the study.
The Provincial Jail falls under the correction pillar, one of the five components of the criminal justice
system (www.bjmp.gov.ph).

So, Provincial Jail was developed to deal with the growing issue of jail administration and
criminology. The Provincial Government is required by Republic Act No. 6975 to assume operational and
administrative management over the Provincial Jail. The study was carried out in Libertad Provincial Jail
in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte. The focus of the study, "Mental Health Among Person Deprived Liberty
in Agusan Del Norte, Provincial Jail," was the Person Deprived Liberty.

The study's questionnaire was divided into three sections. The first section of the questionnaire
was used to collect the demographic and profile data of the respondents, the second to ascertain the
inmates' coping mechanisms for mental health well-being, and the third to ascertain how those
deprived of liberty felt about the services offered by the jail that have an impact on their coping
mechanisms for both physical and mental well-being.

Out of 210 respondents who had their freedom revoked in a provincial jail, 102 or 49% were
between the ages of 26 and 45, and 65 or 31% were under 25. The bulk of respondents who identified as
Persons Deprived of Liberty—144, or 69% of the total—are single. The average score for problem-
focused coping is 3.14 and most of the time includes a verbal description. It has an average of 3.22 in
emotional-focused coping, which means that most of the time.

In terms of physical well-being, E services average 3.49 and are primarily verbal in nature. Food
services average 2.68 and are primarily verbal in nature. Livelihood services average 2.9 and are
primarily verbal in nature.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARY PAGES

Title I

Approval II

Acknowledgement III

Abstract IV

Table of Contents

CHAPTER

I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 2

Statement of the Problem 5

Scope and Limitation of the Study 6

Definition of Terms 6

II REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 19

Research Locale 19

Research Respondents 20

Research Instrument 21

Ethical Standards 22

Data Gathering Procedure 22

Statistical Treatment 23

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

A- Inform Consent
B- Instrument
C- Map of the Research Locale with Geo-Tagging
D- Curriculum Vitae
E- Documentation
 List of Tables
TABLE NO. PAGE NO.

1 Population of Inmate Respondents 16

2 Age of the Respondents 20
3 Civil Status of Respondents 22
4 Crime Accused of Respondents 24
5 Educational Attainment of Respondents 26
6 Gender of the Respondents 28
7 Religion of Respondents 29
8 Problem-Focused Coping 30
9 Emotional-Focused Coping 32
10 Educational Services 34
11 Food Services 36
12 Health Services 38
13 Livelihood Services 40
14 Religious Services 42
15 Sports and Recreational Services 44
16 Results of Coping Mental Well-being 46
17 Results of Significant Relationships the ways of Coping 48
Mental Health among Person Deprived Liberty of Agusan
Del Norte, Provincial Jail.
 List of Figure
FIGURE NO. PAGE NO.
1 Schematic Diagram 4
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Prisoner stress levels are quite high, and prison life is typically harsh (Sykes, 2006). (Herreveled
& Dijik, 2007). Prisoners must learn to adapt to or deal with numerous stressful conditions in prison
because imprisonment is so unpleasant. The inmates' mental health suffers as a result of jail life. In
addition to mental illness, inmates with poor coping abilities were more likely to commit suicide and
self-harm (Dear, et. al., 2001). Poor mental health is correlated with demeaning and humiliating
prisoners (Abiama & Etowa, 2013). Inmates with poor mental health frequently display these emotions
in the form of outbursts of rage, sadness, and frustration.

Being imprisoned is an unpleasant mental experience. Prisoners must deal with a variety of
stressful situations, and an incarceration is a form of trauma severe enough to cause posttraumatic
stress reactions (Rokach, 2007). The act of coping can be defined as an individual's efforts to control,
lessen, or tolerate the demands of stress in their life.

When examining inmates' adjustment, it was crucial to consider the ideas that shaped the
prison environment. According to Tewksbury and Mustaine (2008), jail staff members have noted the
significance of incarceration's primary goals, which were ranked as being of the utmost importance. Jail
staff might concentrate on rehabilitation if there were interventions to assist offenders to deal with
incarceration better and lessen their maladjustment and maladaptive behaviors (Briley, 2009).

The study's conduct benefits the PDL by giving them a better opportunity to alleviate their
dissatisfaction, worry, and melancholy inside the provincial jail. Instead of giving up, they might start
thinking positively. To the respondent's family: Please ensure your loved ones are well-protected by the
government and in good enough shape to carry out various tasks within the jail. By enhancing the
programming and monitoring of the inmates' conditions, the provincial jail enhanced the coping
mechanisms of the detainees.

Future researchers should use this information to learn more about the coping mechanisms
employed by PDLs housed in provincial jails and to serve as a resource when conducting new studies.
The bureau had to create the "dalaw" program to allow the inmates the opportunity to see and speak
with their families through video calling to assist the Persons of Deprived Liberty who do not have
visitors due to a significant distance between their place of residence and the jail or because their
spouses or families are working abroad. The initiative attempts to improve the prisoners' spirits and
reduce their loneliness by easing their need for their loved ones. (Office of the Chief, BJMP, Standard
Operating Procedure No. 2011-06, BJMP NHQ).

According to the researcher, the purpose of the study was to ascertain how people with
restricted liberty in the provincial jail in Agusan del Norte handled their mental health. The study aimed
to collect data via survey and determine the coping strategies used by the respondents during their
everyday activities inside the provincial jail.
Theoretical Framework

The Transactional Theory developed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984 served as the foundation
for this investigation. According to this theory, people interact with their environments dynamically and
reciprocally.

To give accurate information about the coping process, both the individual and the environment
must be assessed. As supported by Fritch (2006) in a study on trauma, coping, and health of
incarcerated inmates, the Transactional Model is also a useful conceptual framework for understanding
the prison adjustment process. He discovered that while some inmates may not have perceived the
prison environment as stressful, other inmates did. Those who did not find incarceration to be stressful
had to adjust or cope. The transactional model gave researchers a solid framework for understanding
how the convicts' perceptions affect their coping mechanisms.

According to Priya (2014)'s reformative theory, this study was also supported. This hypothesis
suggests that the goal of punishment should be to change the illicit through the individualization
technique. Whether a guilty party commits an act of wrongdoing in circumstances where it may never
occur again depends on the humanistic principle. Therefore, throughout his incarceration, an effort
should be made to alter him. The sentence should have as its goal achieving the guilty party's ethical
transformation. During the period of his detention, he should receive education and training in a trade
or industry. For him to be able to restart his life after being released from prison, he needs to be taught
and trained in some form of industry or craft during his time in detention (Priya, 2014). Prisons must be
made into happy homes if inmates are to be transferred there (Salmond, 2010).

The purpose of the study was to identify and assess the mental health coping mechanisms used
by Persons of Deprived Liberty at Agusan del Norte's Provincial Jail.
Schematic Diagram

Independent Dependent

Variables Variables

Persons of Deprived
Liberty

 Age
 Civil Status
 Crime Accused
 Educational
Attainment
 Gender
 Religion
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the methods used by Persons of Deprived Liberty at
Provincial Jail, Agusan del Norte, to manage their mental health and wellbeing.

It aims to respond to the following queries:

1. What, specifically, is the Respondents' Profile?

1.1. age;
1.2 civil status;
1.3 crime accused;
1.4 educational attainment;
1.5 gender; and
1.6 religion
2. How do those who have been deprived of their liberty cope with their mental health?
2.1 problem-focused coping; and
2.2 emotional focused coping
3. To what extent is the mental health of those who have been deprived of their liberty in
relation to:
3.1 educational services;
3.2 food services;
3.3 health services;
3.4 livelihood services;
3.5 religious services; and
3.6 sports and recreational services
4. Does the mental health of people with restricted freedom in the provincial Jail in Agusan
del Norte significantly correlate with their coping mechanisms?

Hypothesis

The methods of coping and the mental health of those with restricted freedom in Provincial Jail, Agusan
del Norte, do not significantly correlate.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the methods of Persons of Deprived Liberty's mental health
well-being. The respondents to this study were the inmates of the Provincial Jail in Agusan del Norte.
Additionally, this study was carried out in the year 2022.
Definitions of Terms

In order to fully comprehend the study, the following terms were operationally defined:

Age- is the years that the respondent has been alive.

Civil status - the respondents' civil status indicates whether they are single, married, separated,
divorced, or widowed.

Crime Accused- The offense that the respondents are accused of committing and which led to their
conviction.

Education Attainment- acquired by the respondent is referred to as educational attainment.

Educational Services- refers to the facilitation of ongoing prisoner education as well as the educating of
young and illiterate inmates.

Food Services- The meals provided to Persons of Deprived Liberty in Provincial Jail are referred to as
"food services."

Gender- either men or women are the respondents

Livelihood services- refers to a scheme that enables residents of living spaces to produce crafts and
labor.

Persons of Deprived Liberty- refers to those who are detained in Agusan Del Norte's Provincial Jail.

Physical well-being- refers to the methods used by respondents to satisfy their physical desires.

Mental health- an inmate's methods for developing his or her thoughts and behaviors in response to
situations

Religious services- are those that are used to worship and deepen or strengthen one's faith.

Religion- is the respondent's faith or philosophy.

Sports -The respondents' capacity to improve their abilities and physical condition through participation
in sports