SMILE

(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)

Learner’s Packet
Name: _______________________________________________________________________
Section: _____________________________________Date: ____________________________

SCIENCE 9
(Q4_LP4)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS:

According to physics general law, the quantity called momentum that characterizes motion
never changes in an isolated collection of objects; that is, the system's total momentum remains
constant. One of the most powerful laws in physics is the Law of Conservation of Momentum.

The Law of Conservation of Momentum states that:

When two objects in an isolated system collides, the total momentum of the objects before
the collision is equal to the total momentum of the objects after the collision. That is, the
momentum lost by object 1 is equal to the momentum gained by object 2.

In mathematical form:
𝑝𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑝𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑝 = 𝑝 ′ → (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑠: 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑝 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒)

If you have two objects in collision, you can rewrite the equation as:

𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 ′ + 𝑚2 𝑣2 ′ (𝑚1 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑏 1)

Where:

m1= is the mass of object 1

m2= is the mass of object 2

v1 = is the velocity of object 1

before collision
v2 = is the velocity of object 2

v1′= is the velocity of object 1

after collision
v2′ = is the velocity of object 2

Note: Prime symbol (′) denotes that these are the velocities after the collision.
Figure 1: Two balls colliding with each other
To understand conservation of momentum
m V1(initial) V2(initial m we will examine a collision of two objects. A collision
1 2 is an interaction between two objects resulting in the
BEFORE COLLISION exchange of impulse and momentum. Look at the
given picture, two ball having masses m1 and m2 and
velocities v1 and v2 collide.

Newton’s Third law of motion said that if an

m m object exerts a force on the other, the other object
1 2 also exerts force towards it with equal magnitude.
DURING COLLISION During collision, the two balls gain the same
momentum but in opposite direction. Since the balls
have different masses, they will accelerate differently
V1(final m m V2(final from Newton’s second law of motion. If there is no
1 2 external force acting on the system; momentum of
the system is conserved.
AFTER COLLISION

Illustrated by: Mary Francia S. Rico

The two types of collision are:

1. Elastic collision – states that the system’s total kinetic energy does not change and
colliding objects bounce off after collision. (no kinetic energy is loss, no damage, no
heat)
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 ′ + 𝑚2 𝑣2 ′

2. Inelastic collision – states that the system’s total kinetic energy changes (i.e., converted to
some other form of energy). Collision is said to be perfectly inelastic if after collision the objects
stick together and move as one mass with one velocity.

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )𝑣′

Remember: In all collisions, whether it is elastic or inelastic, momentum is known to be conserved.

Sample Problem

A car with a 1000 kg mass moving at a velocity of 5 m/s to the left collides with a car with the same
mass moving at 10 m/s to the right. What is the velocity of the second car if the velocity of the first
car after the collision is 2 m/s to the right?

Solution:

Step 1: Identify what is asked in the problem.

You are asked to determine the velocity of the second car after the collision.

Step 2: Identify the given in the problem

m1=1000kg m2=1000kg v1′=2m/s

v1=-5m/s v2=10m/s
Step 3: Use the equation to solve for the unknown.

p(before)=p(after)

m1v1+m2v2 = m1v1′+m2v2′ ; find v2′=?

(1,000kg) (-5m/s) +(1,000kg) (10m/s) = (1,000kg) (2m/s) + (1,000kg) v 2′

-5,000kgm/s+ 10,000kgm/s = 2,000 kg m/s + (1,000 kg) v 2′

5, 000 kg m/s - 2,000 kg m/s = (1, 000 kg) v2′

3, 000 kg m/s = (1, 000 kg) v2′

v2′ = 3, 000 kg m/s÷ 1, 000 kg

Step 4: Get the answer.

v2′ = 3 m/s

LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE:

Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal. (S9FE-IVb-37)
Specific Objectives:
1. Describe how momentum is conserved in a colliding system
2. Differentiate Elastic Collision from Inelastic Collision using real-life examples.
3. Relate the effects of collisions in real-life situations.

ACTIVITIES:

ACTIVITY 1: WHAT’S THE WORD?

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form the word/s that answer the following questions.
Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

OILLICSON 1. How do you call the interaction between two objects resulting in the exchange
of impulse and momentum?

STAONTCN 2. If the momentum lost by one object is gained by another object, then the total
momentum is?

NORSECVDE 3. For any collision occurring in an isolated system, what happens to the
momentum?

CITSALNIE 4. It is one in which the total kinetic energy of the system changes. Objects stick
together after collision.

ETCISAL 5. It is one in which the total kinetic energy of the system does not change and
colliding objects bounce off after collision
ACTIVITY 1.2: UNRAVEL ME!
Directions: Analyze the doodle momentum and make 3 sentences out of your ideas or
understanding on it.

1.____________________________________
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2.____________________________________
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3.____________________________________
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Source: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com

ACTIVITY 2: BALLOON ROCKET

Directions: Do the activity at home then answer the guided questions.
Objectives:
● Describe how a balloon rocket works and how conservation of momentum explains
rocket motion.
Materials Needed:

● Balloon (long shape) ● Paper clip

● Straw ● Pinch of powder (face powder or flour)
● String/nylon (at least 2cm) ● Tape
Procedure:

1. Insert the string into the straw before stretching it over two posts. You can use chairs
or iron stands as posts. Make sure that the string is taut.
2. Put a pinch of starch inside the balloon before inflating it. Twist the opened end and
temporarily secure it with a paperclip.
3. Tape the straw to the balloon such it is aligned with the balloon’s opening (see
Figure 2).
Figure 2: Balloon Rocket

Source: Science Learners’ Module-Grade 9

 4. Position the balloon at the middle of the string.
5. Release the air from the balloon by removing the paper clip and observe carefully.
6. Draw a diagram showing the momentum vectors of your balloon rocket and the air.

Guide Questions:

1. What can you say about the initial momentum of the system before releasing the
air from the balloon?
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2. What did you observe after releasing the air from the balloon?
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3. What is the direction of the balloon compared to the direction of air coming out
from the balloon?
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4. How do their momenta compare after releasing the air?
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5. From your answer in Q4, how does the velocity of the air that is pushed out of the
rocket compared to the velocity of the balloon rocket?
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ACTIVITY 3: WHERE DO I BELONG?

Directions: Identify whether the following illustrations are examples of elastic or inelastic collision.
Put EC inside the boxes if it’s an example of elastic collision and IC if it’s inelastic collision.

1. 2. 3.
.

Source: https://www.vectorstock.com Source: https://www.dreamstime.com Source: https://www.istockphoto.com

4. 5.

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ACTIVITY 4: FILL ME UP!
Directions: Express your understanding of conservation of momentum by filling in the tables
below.

1. A baseball player holds a bat loosely and bunts a ball.

Object Before Collision After Collision

Bat 80 B.
Ball -40 10
Total A. C.

2. A Tomahawk cruise missile is launched from the barrel of a mobile missile

launcher. Neglect friction.

Object Before Collision After Collision

Missile 0 5000
Launcher 0 B.
Total A. C.

ACTIVITY 5: Why, Oh Why?

Directions: Analyze the illustration given below then answer the question on a separate sheet of
paper.

Source: https://iffmag.mdmpublishing.com

When fighting fires, a firefighter must use great caution to hold a hose that emits large
amounts of water at high speeds. Why would such a task be difficult?
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ACTIVITY 1: WHAT’S THE WORD?
ACTIVITY 1.2: UNRAVEL ME!
Collision
Constant Students’ answer may vary
Conserved
Inelastic
Elastic
ACTIVITY 3: WHERE DO I
ACTIVITY 2: BALLOON ROCKET BELONG?
Zero IC
Students’ answers may vary EC
Moves in opposite direction EC
The momenta are the same in magnitude IC
The velocity of the air is greater than that of EC
the balloon.
ACTIVITY 4: FILL ME UP!
1.
A. +40 (add the momentum of the bat & the
ball) ACTIVITY 5: WHY, Oh WHY?
B. 30 (the bat must have 30 units of The hose is pushing lots of water
momentum for the total to be +40) (large mass) forward at a high
C. +40(total momentum the same as before) speed. This means the water has
a large forward momentum. In
2. turn, the hose must have an
equally large backwards
A. 0 (add the momentum of the missile and the
momentum, making it difficult for
launcher)
the fight fighters to manage.
B. 5000 (the launcher must have -50 00 units
of momentum for the total to be + 0)
C. 0 (the total momentum is the same after as
it is before collision)
ANSWER KEY:
 REFLECTION:

I learned that
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I enjoyed most on
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I want to learn more on

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REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:

Alvarez, L. A. (2014). Science Learner's Module Grade 9. Pasig City,Philippines: Rex Bookstore.
Department of Education. (2013). Science Learner's Material (1st Edition). Philippines: Deped-
IMCS.
Department of Education. (2013). Science Teacher's Guide (1st Edition). Philippines: DepEd-
IMCS.
Conservation of Momentum with Examples. (n.d.). Retrieved from Online Physics Tutorials:
https://www.physicstutorials.org/home/impulse-momentum/conservation-of-momentum
Department of Education (2020). Science 9- Module 4: Conservation of Momentum. Department
of Education-Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula.
Department of Education (2020). Quarter 4, Wk 2-Module 2: Conservation of Linear Momentum
(1st Edition). Department of Education – Division of Iligan City.
Remysofia A. Borsong. Science-Grade 9 Quarter 4-LAS 4: Infer that the total momentum before
and after collision is equal. Department of Education-Region V.

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author/ Writer: Mary Francia S. Rico
Content Editor/Team Leader: Rosylin S. Loria
Language Editor: Lisa L. Peñaflor
Layout Editor: Marian C. Galoso
Education Program Supervisor: Jade O. Alberto, EdD