WOLLO UNIVERSITY

KOMBOLCHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF INFORMATICS
DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP REPORT
Hosting Company: Ethiopia custom commission authority (ECCA)

By:
ID Name
1565/09 Hikma Mohammed Endris
1487/09 Simret Endale
Submitted to: Mr Mohammed A. (Advisor)

Oct 1, 2019 - Jan 15, 2020

Declaration

We are here by declaring that the Industrial internship report was carried out and written by,
we under the guidance of MR Mohammed A Software Engineering Wollo University

Acknowledgement

Any accomplishment requires the blessing of the God. This work is not any different to that.
we also thanks we advisor MR Mohammed and from hosting company (Ethiopian custom
commishion authority (ECCA)) MS Hawa billal we advisor at company, MR Ljalem and all
of ECCA office workers in Kombolcha branch.

Executive summary

The Industrial Internship Program instituted by the Ethiopian custom commishion authority
aims at developing the skills of students to contribute to the development of the universities.
The executive summary gives an overview of we three months internship which includes the
activities, and experiences. Below is a summary of my experience. During we three months
internship in ECCA, we worked with the ECCA ’s office ict department workers.

we also assisted in organizing and coordinating activities for the company. Reflecting on we
experience at ECCA, the internship program has made immeasurable impacts in we aptitude
in varied fields such as: java programming, Organizational and intercultural competence,
network installation and configuration and computer maintenance. The internship program
has broadened we knowledge base, which was made possible through we participation in the
various workshops organized by the company and we interaction with participants at the
workshop. It has been a wonderful experience in ECCA and we recommend the company
organizes more of such programs and workshops to widen its sphere of operation. It will be
of much benefit to the company if it continues to create similar platforms for university
students as a way of building their capacity and bringing them to appreciate the software
engineering sector and share in the vision.

Table of Contents
Declaration............................................................................................................................................II
Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................................II
Executive summary................................................................................................................................II

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CHAPTER ONE1.
Background....................................................................................................................................... 5...5

1.1. History of ECCA .......................................................................................................................... 5

1.2. Main product or service of ECCA ............................................................................................... 6
1.3. Main customers or the end users of its product or services...................................................... 7
1.4. Overall organization and work flow........................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER TWO...................................................................................................................................... 9
2. The Overall Internship Experience.................................................................................................... 9
2.1. How we get into the company................................................................................................... 9
2.2. .The section of the company we have been working in.............................................................. 9
2.3. How does the work flow section look like................................................................................ 10
2.4. Tasks we have been executing?............................................................................................... 10

2.4.1. Networking..............................................................................................
..10 2.4.1.1. Physical components of network............................................................. 10

2.4.1.2. Network installation and configuration..................................................11

2.4.22.4.2. Computer Maintenance......................................................................12

2.4.2.1. Internal PC Components.......................................................................... 12

2.4.2.2. External Ports and Cables ........................................................................ 16

2.4.3. Business Application Development...........................................................17

2.5. Procedures we have been using while perform my task.......................................................... 18
2.6. .How good we have been in performing my task...................................................................... 22
2 .7.Challenge we have been facing while performing my
task ...................................................... 22
2.8. Measure we have taken in order to overcome challenges ...................................................... 23
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................. 24
3. Overall benefits we gained from internship.................................................................................... 24
3.1. What we gained in terms of improving practical skill .............................................................. 24
3.2. .What we gained in terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge............................................... 25
3.3. .What we gained in terms of improving interpersonal communication skill............................. 25
3.4. What we gained in terms of improving team playing skills...................................................... 26
3.5. What we gained in terms of leadership skill ............................................................................ 27
3.6. What we gained in terms of understanding about work ethics related issues .........................
30

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 3.7. What we gained in term of Entrepreneurship skills................................................................. 31
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................. 32
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR THE COMPANY......................................................... 32
4.1. Conclusion................................................................................................................................ 32
4.2. Recommendation..................................................................................................................... 33

III
 CHAPTER ONE

1. Background

1.1. History of ECCA

The Ethiopian Revenues and Customs Authority (ECCA) was established by the
proclamation No .587/2008 on 14 July 2008, by the merger of the Ministry of Revenue,
Ethiopian Customs Authority and the Federal Inland Revenue Authority for the purpose of
enhancing the mobilization of government revenues, while providing effective tax and
Customs administration and sustainability in revenue collection. The main objective of the
establishment of ECCA was to streamline the public revenue generation function by bringing
the relevant agencies under the umbrella of the central revenue collector body. This
structuring aimed at improving service delivering, facilitating trade, enforcing the tax and
customs laws and thereby enhancing mobilization of Government revenue in sustainable
manner.
A study called "Business Process Re-engineering" had taken place before the merger of the
foregoing administrations. The study was undertaken for a year and half beginning from
November 2007 by teams of officials selected from within the administration. The study has
looked into the selected key business processes and has come across inefficient organizational
structure and unnecessary complicated procedures that permitted insufficient service delivery.
The study has also indicated that there was corruption within the administrations and that
smuggling and tax evasion were serious problems. These problems have depressed the
attempt of the foregoing administrations to be successful in achieving their objectives.

Objective
To establish modern revenue assessment and collection system; and provide customers with
equitable, efficient and quality service, cause taxpayers voluntarily discharge their tax
obligations, enforce tax and customs laws by preventing and controlling contraband as well as
tax fraud and evasion, collect timely and effectively tax revenues generated by the economy,
provide the necessary support to regions with a view to harmonizing federal and regional tax
administration systems.

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Vision

 Be a leading, fair and modern Tax and Customs Administration in Africa by 2020 that will
finance Government expenditure through domestic tax revenue collection.

Mission

 ECCA will contribute to economic development and social welfare by developing a

modern Tax and Customs Administration that employs professional and highly skilled
staff who promote voluntary compliance amongst individuals and businesses, and take
swift action against those who do not comply.

 ECCA will understand its customers and their needs, treat them with trust and respect and
help them meet their obligations. We will act with integrity, transparency and
professionalism, and enforce customs and tax related laws. We will work closely with
stake holders and ensure the participation of women.

Core value

 Customer focused serviced delivery (trust, respect, protect, support)

 Protect the well being of the society
 Integrity and transparency
 Professionalism
 Collaborative working

1.2. Main product or service of ECCA

 E-tax
 Vehicle verification
 E-service
 Cs E-Cxs

 Revenue collection
 Reliable data and statistics
 Trade facilitation
 Process oriented management
 Enforcement and security

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1.3. Main customers or the end users of its product or services

The Ethiopian revenue and customs authority (ERCA) is the body responsible for collecting
revenue from customs duties and domestic taxes. In addition to raising revenue the ECCA is
responsible to protect the society from adverse effects of smuggling.

 IMPORTER
 EXPORTER
 UNIONS
 NON INDIVISUAL-federal tax payer
 INDIVISUAL-regional tax payer

1.4. Overall organization and work flow

The ECCA has its headquarters in Addis Ababa. It is led by a Director General who reports to
the Prime Minister and is assisted by five Deputy Director Generals, namely D/Director
General for Program Designing of Operation and Development Businesses; D/Director
General for Branch offices' Coordination and Support; D/Director General of Enforcement
Division; D/Director General, Corporate Functions Division; Change Management and
Support Sector; and Enforcement Sector. Each deputy director general oversees at least four
directorates. Both the Director General and the Deputies are appointed by the Prime Minister.

Directorates at the head office level

The ECCA , at the headquarters level, has 23 directorates, one for the list of the directorate.
As shown on the organizational chart, the directorate report to the deputy director generals
and a director heads each of them. Law Enforcement Directorate is just one of the directorates
ECCA has. To carry out its duties, the directorate is entrusted with broad powers. It
investigates customs and tax offences, institute and follow up criminal proceedings in courts
and this has resulted in the arrest and trials of hundreds of offenders and smugglers. The
directorate works in close collaboration with the federal police to prevent criminal offences
committed in violation of customs and tax laws.

Besides, the headquarters has the office of the director general which is led by a director and
comprises three positions, namely Tax and Customs Affairs, Strategic Intelligence Affairs,
and Communication and Human Resource Development Affairs.

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Branch offices
Apart from the foregoing directorates, the ECCA has 32 field offices, of which two of them
are coordination offices located outside of Ethiopia at the port of DjiboutWe and at the port of
Burbera Somalia. The primary function of the foregoing coordination offices are affording/
providing transit service for the goods imported into or exported from the country. However,
the latter coordination office is presently not operational. The 30 branch offices in Ethiopia
comprise 22 Customs Control stations, 50 Checkpoints and 153 Tax Centers. Tax Center
means a tax collection station administered under a branch office and located in the vicinity
of taxpayers while Customs Control Station means a station administered under a branch
office where customs formalities are complied with and collection of taxes and duties take
place on imported and exported goods; checkpoint is a place where customs examination is
conducted by machine and/or manually for the purpose of ascertaining that there is no
variation between the goods to be imported-exported and the goods specified in the customs
declaration.

Each branch office is directed by a manager who is accountable to the D/Director General for
Branch offices' Coordination and Support Sector.

CHAPTER TWO

2. The Overall Internship Experience

2.1. How we get into the company

As a rule of school of Technology at Wollo University the student has the right to elect the
place for internship program. This internship program is set to enhance the practical
education of the student. In case we elect the best company that provides sufficient work.
Since we have sufficient information about ECCA we have interested to be in this company.
As a result, the institute appreciates me to find the company nearby offering legal institutional
requesting letter to host me for required periods by assigning supervisors and making the
necessary follow up. By holding this letter we request ECCA office to host me.
ECCA office gave the positive answer to host me for the required period.

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2.2 .The section of the company we have been working in

From the explanation we got it from my supervisor, there are broadly three main departments
provided for students who come to work on their internship at ECCA. These departments
were the software department, responsible for different kinds of soft ware’s with their
different functions starting from collecting information what and how they work, and so on,
the hardware department, responsible maintaining different laptop desktops and so on, and
the third department was networking which worked on creating and controlling networks,
routing, working on the hardware related to networking.

The main purpose we have been there in ECCA is we was very interested to participate in all
tasks of ICT department that means the Network installation and configuration of the
companies, maintaining different laptops, desktops and software’s of the company. The main
activity given to me in the company is designing and installing network, this network is done
for different areas in ECCA’s office

And maintaining desktops in office and we will see and uses ECCA soft ware.

2.3. How does the work flow section look like

The ECCA ICT of Kombolcha branch is leaded by of ECCA ICT directorate. These offices
have different professionals. These employees (professionals) are the accessories of this
company.

ECCA ICT is the magnificent institution that provides inconvincible services for ECCA
communities

ECCA ICT is created to developed country based technologies. This ICT section facilitates
the utilization of computers to increase their productive activity, good governance and to
avoid wastage of a time. This section also gives basic computer skills how they use
computers, maintaining computers, automation and how to transfer information from one

5
section to another section by using networking. Most of the staffs in this section are graduates
in Computer Science and Information Technology.

2.4. Tasks we have been executing?

In this company we have been executing many tasks. We are executing three tasks:
 Physical components of network and Network Installation and Configuration
 Computer Maintenance
 business Application Development

2.4.1. Networking

2.4.1.1. Physical components of network

Network Devices

PhysicModems convert a computer’s digital data into a format that can be transmitted on the
ISP’s network Switches micro segment LANs by sending data only to the computer that
needs it.

Wireless access points (APs) connect wireless devices. Routers use IP addresses to forward
traffic to other networks.

In a home or small office, a route often includes a switch, a firewall, and an AP

Cables and Connectors

Coaxial and twisted-pair cables use electrical signals over copper to transmit data. Fiber-optic
cables use light signals to transmit data. These cables differ in bandwidth, size, and cost.

There are several types of coaxial cable: 10Base5 (thick net), 10Base2 (thin net), RG-59
(cable TV), RG-6 (better than RG-59)

Twisted-pair cables are terminated with an RJ-45 connector. Twisted-pair comes in two
types:

Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)

Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)

Fiber-optic cables are broadly classified into two types:

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Single-mode fiber (SMF) - Uses lasers to send a single ray of light that can travel hundreds of
kilometers.

Multimode fiber (MMF) - Uses LEDs to send multiple light signals that can travel up to 550
meters. Twisted-pair is the most popular type of cabling used in LANs today.

There are two different twisted-pair wiring schemes: called T568A and T568B.

Each wiring scheme defines the pin out, or order of wire connections, on the end of the cable.
Two types of cables can be created: a straight-through cable and a crossover cable.

A straight-through cable is the most common cable type. The wiring scheme is the same on
both sides.

A crossover cable uses both wiring schemes.T568A on one end of the cable and T568B on
the other end of the same cable.

2.4.1.2. Network installation and configuration

In network installation and configuration there are so many tasks being executed, among them
these are the list:-

 Crimping - Making different standard UTP cables for connecting same or different
devices with each other using tools like crimper. we develop cross over (for different
devices) and strait through (for the same devices) cables with different standards.
 Trunking-A trunk is used to hold many cables together, and used to move cables from one
place to another. In trucking we did my best to help my group mates. While working on
trunking the work will be based on the floor design.
 Punching-It is a task used to prepare nodes by punching the prepared cable in to the jack
using a tool called puncher and we did my best while punching. Other than preparing
nodes we made punching to prepare patch panels too, which used as a connector with
switch.
 LAN Cable installation
 Testing
Testing is done to check whether the cable crimp is correct or not.
 The Ping Command. Using the ping command is an effective way to test connectivity.
The test is often referred to as testing the protocol stack. We know how to test using a

7
 command ping. We can ping being in any device and by giving IP address of the device to
be tested for its correct combination. Testing Switch Connectivity Computer
Maintenance
 Window installation(Operating system) of Personal Computer Systems

2.4.22.4.2. Computer Maintenance

Personal Computer Systems
Cases and Power Supplies
· Cases- Provides protection and support for internal components.

-Should be durable, easy to service, and have enough room for expansion.

-The size and layout of a case is called a form factor.

· Power Supplies- Convert AC power from the wall socket into DC.

-Must provide enough power for the installed components and future additions.

2.4.2.1. Internal PC Components

Motherboards
- The motherboard is the main printed circuit board
- contain the buses or electrical pathways found in a computer. Buses allow data
totravel among the various components.

Accommodate CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat sink/fan assembly, BIOS chip, chip set,
sockets, internal and external connectors, various ports, and the embedded wires that
interconnect the motherboard components.

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Figure 1.motherboard

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is known as the brain of the computer. It is also referred to as the processor. The
CPU executes a program, which is a sequence of stored instructions. Two major CPU
architectures related to instruction sets:

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

Some CPUs incorporate hyperthreading or hypertransport to enhance the performance of

the CPU. The amount of data that a CPU can process at one time depends on the size of the
processor data bus. Speed of the CPU is measured in cycles per second-megahertz (MHz) or
gigahertz (GHz).

Over clocking is a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its original
specification.

The latest processor technology has resulted in CPU manufacturers finding ways to

incorporate more than one CPU core onto a single chip. Dual Core CPU - Two

cores inside a single CPU

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Triple Core CPU - Three cores inside a single CPU

Quad Core CPU - Four cores inside a single CPU

Hex-Core CPU - Six cores inside a single CPU

Octal-Core CPU - Eight cores inside a single CPU

Figure4 .CPU

Cooling Systems

Electronic components generate heat. Too much heat can damage components. A case fan
makes the cooling process more efficient.

A heat sink draws heat away from the core of the CPU. A fan on top of the heat sink moves
the heat away from the CPU. Fans can be dedicated to cool the Graphics-processing unit
(GPU).

Memory (ROM and RAM) Read-

only memory (ROM)

Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in
ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down.

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Random-access memory (RAM)

RAM is temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM
is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered
off.

More RAM means more capacity to hold and process large programs and files, as well as
enhance system performance.

Adapter Cards and Expansion Slots

Adapter cards increase the functionality of a computer by adding controllers for specific
devices or by replacing malfunctioning ports.

Examples of adapter cards:

Sound adapter and video adapter
USB, parallel, and serial ports
Network Interface Card (NIC),
wireless NIC, and modem adapter
Types of expansion slots:
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
PCI-Express
MinWe PCWe (laptops)

Figure 2.Adapter cards

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Storage Devices
Storage drives read or write information to magnetic storage media.
They may be fixed or removable.

The hard disk drive (HDD) is a magnetic storage device. The storage
capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB)

Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin magnetic platters and move the
drive heads.

Solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts, which results in faster access to data,
higher reliability, and reduced power usage.

A floppy disk drive (FDD) is storage device that uses removable 3.5 inch floppy disks that
can store up to 1.44 MB of data.

Video Ports

Connects a video system to an external display device such as a monitor or projector, Video
systems are often designed as an adapter card.

General Ports

Provide connectivity between the motherboard and various external devices such as printers,
external storage and video cameras.

2.4.2.2. External Ports and Cables

A video port connects a monitor cable to a computer. Video ports and connector types:

DVI, Display port, RCA, DB-15, BNC, RJ-45, MinWe HDMI, Din-6

Display cables transfer video signals from the computer to display devices. Display cable
types:

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High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), DVI, Video Graphics Array (VGA),
Component/RGB, Composite, S-Video, Coaxial, Ethernet,

Serial ports transmit one bit of data at a time.

A telephone cable (RJ11) is used to connect a modem to a telephone outlet.

USB is a standard interface for connecting hot-swappable peripheral devices to a computer.

Some devices can also be powered through the USB port.
FireWire is a high-speed, hot-swappable interface that can support up to 63 devices. Some
devices can also be powered through the FireWire port.

A parallel cable is used to connect parallel devices, such as a printer or scanner, and can
transmit 8 bits of data at one time.

We install operating system for different computers.

Installing different software

2.4.3. Business Application Development

In business application development team, especially we have participated how to develop
ECCA ’s software and how to use in ECCA ’s community, ECCA office to use so many soft
ware’s developing by head offices and head office to connect all of branch offices. .

ECCA soft ware’s are-

 ASYCUDA-Automated system for custom data

- To manage customs import& export data and to forward printed receipt to the customers 
ECMS-Electronic customs management system
- A system used to find, compare, retrieve and summit the value of commodity
 ECVS-Ethiopian custom valuation system
- A system used to find, compare, retrieve and summit the value of commodity
 TRDP-Trade’s risk data profile
-A system used to manage a risk level of custom documents 
Face vet-control flow of declaration
-A system control flow of declaration used to control the flow of customs declaration 
VDD-Valuation detail declaration

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 -A system used by the organization to enter or modify finding on a declaration 
TASS-Tax administration support system
-A a system used by the organization to control, follow up and manage lost receipt, cash
register machine and exchange information between head office and branch office  SIGTAS-
Standard integrated government tax administration system
-A system used to manage, follow up, estimate tax and create notice for internal tax
payers

 REPORT PORTAL-A system used to generate, combined report form all system as
graphics or other formats
 IBEX-A accounting system used to manage financial activities in the organization
 HRM-Human resource management system is a system used by organization to manage
employs information

Table 1.ECCA software programming language

Programming language Database Styling
1.java Oracle Css
2.php My sql bootstrap
3.javascript
4.visual studio
5.Ajax

2.5. Procedures we have been using while perform my task

While we was performing my task we draft the weekly schedule and in each day we was
taking notes on my notebook about new things we have seen. At the end of the week we
collect the notes and revise it to understand. The company were constructed and organized by
new technology so each and every device and application software are new for me and even
not well understood by the ICT workers, so in addition to collecting information from the
workers we was searching on Google and YouTube. There are two way accomplish my task
Work in networking and in software development

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Work in networking (local area network LAN)
I. Designing the offices. The designing of office Structures helps to know the amount of
consumption of materials and it makes our job very efficient.

II. Every Necessary toolkits, material or equipments are given to me by my advisor Ms

hawa and Mr. Seyfedin, These Necessary tools or toolkits are:-
 Cable
 Crimper
 RJ-45 ( modular connector used for Ethernet computer network cables)
 Tester
 12-port switch/24-port switch
 Wall outlet
 Flusher
 Driller
 Trunk
 Screw
III. Using every necessary material we are going to the practical work of the Network
installation and configuration in office.
IV. We will put the Switch on its best position
We realize that which place is comfortable and we select the best position that decreases our
consumption of material.
V. Trucking
Using our driller we can drill the wall and using screws us tight to the wall. This used to put
the cables inside the trunk.
VI. Crimping cable
Crimping cables is used to interconnect the Switch with the wall outlet.
VII. The crimped Cable will pass through Trunk
The reason why the cable passes through the trunk is to protect the cables from any damage
and to protect the bulky cables in the office.
VIII. If wall outlet is needed, Punching is to be done
Wall outlet is the main essential tools for Network installation and configuration process. It
helps to connect computers with the switch.
IX. Crimp Cables for the available Computers

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This is simply to interconnect the computers with the wall outlet.
VII. Testing
This phase is the essential phase of our job, because we are knowing whether we are correct
or not using this testing phase
VIII. Ping command
The ping command is used to know whether the computer available in the office is
interconnected or not. After all doing this the installation and configuration process will end.
In business application development case, procedures are
 applications in ECCA intranet network
 use soft ware’s by helping supervisors and other company works
-Because of security all persons don’t use company’s software
 We will searching in internate how to develop ECCA ’s software
 And we have learned the system

Work in software development-learning set up

Introduction we have to read more to understand what EJB is.

What is EJB? EJB stands for Enterprise Java Beans. EJB is an essential part of a J2EE
platform. J2EE platform has component based architecture to provide multi-tiered, distributed
and highly transactional features to enterprise level applications.EJB provides an architecture
to develop and deploy component based enterprise applications considering robustness, high
scalability, and high performance. An EJB application can be deployed on any of the
application server compliant with the J2EE 1.3 standard specification.

Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) is development architecture for building highly scalable and
robust enterprise level applications to be deployed on J2EE compliant Application Server
such as JBOSS, Web Logic etc. EJB 3.0 is being a great shift from EJB 2.0 and makes
development of EJB based applications quite easy.

Table 2 Type of EJB

Type Description

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 Session Bean Session bean stores data of a particular user for a single session.
It can be state full or stateless. It is less resource intensive as
compared to entity bean. Session bean gets destroyed as soon as
user session terminates.

Entity Bean Entity beans represent persistent data storage. User data can be
saved to database via entity beans and later on can be retrieved
from the database in the entity bean.

Message Driven Bean Message driven beans are used in context of JMS (Java
Messaging Service). Message Driven Beans can consumes JMS
messages from external entities and act accordingly.

Characteristics of Enterprise JavaBeans

 JavaBeans contain business logic that operates on enterprise data.

 A Java Bean’s life cycle (from object instantiation to destruction) is managed by a
container.
 JavaBeans support externalized configuration through deployment descriptors.
 Client access is mediated by the container.
 JavaBeans support transactions and security.

Environment setup
EJB is a framework for Java, so the very first requirement is to have a Java Development Kit
(JDK) Installed in your machine.
Table 2.System requirement
JDK 1.5 Or above.

Memory No minimum requirement.

Disk Space No minimum requirement.
Operating System No minimum requirement.
Table 3.Java installation
OS Task Command

Windows Open Command Console c:\> java –version

Linux Open Command Terminal $ java –version

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 Mac Open Terminal machine:~ Joseph$ java - version
Set JAVA Environment

Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to point the base directory location where Java
is installed on your system.

Table 4.Java environment

OS Output
Windows Set the environment variable JAVA_HOME to C:\Program
Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_21
Linux export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java-current
Mac export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/Home
2.6 .How good we have been in performing my task

Practical attachment is used to give students practical exposal of work in different

organization. During this period student is expected to attend the work of the organization
like any regular employee and perform any activities that the organization gives for him/her.
The organization also expected to make maximum effort to utilize the student’s knowledge
and skill. What we have done is really expressive what is my future; we are really proud that
we had got so many experiences from this internship program. During our stay in ECCA we
have got many invincible things for my future. we are lucky Nice in performing our tasks; do
you know why did we say this? Because we have got a nice Advisor sent by Dilla university
and plus Professional officer in ECCA office. My Advisor is communicating with me at any
time about what to do and what to add on my task. The Amazing thing is my Advisor of the
company MR SEFEDIN AND MS HAWA is good problem solver, professional, good
software developer.

2 .7.Challenge we have been facing while performing my task

Everywhere there is a challenge even the reason why we students learn is to solve a problem

18
(challenges) that come in our life, and also the word engineering by itself is a systematic way
of solving a problem. Internship gives me an experience and as well as challenges, we faced
challenges in my internship that we hadn’t anticipated. When we get an obstacle in front of
some situation we usually assume that it is a good chance to know about a new thing that
have to run smoothly and that the overall experience will offer what we hoped for increasing
my problem solving skills. In this case an opportunity to grow both personally and
professionally, we found our self-faced with challenges that we don’t feel able to handle
before intern. But the two important things to remember is to maintain professionalism and
always work to find that are mutually beneficial to all, which will help to solve the problems
we have faced.

Since we are a student, we was new for many things .Below we try to mention some of the
challenge that we have faced:
 Shortage of time: - The project was planned according to our internship period. But
before the end of internship time, the school announced to back to.
 Office division:-ECCA office divide to part Ethiopian ministry of revenue, and
Ethiopian custem commission by this division company’s worker not stable, ECCA
web site is busy because of update website.

2.8. Measure we have taken in order to overcome challenges

To overcome the above challenges we have studied hard using the resources from the internet
and from the system producer’s and we would like to thank we supervisor especially Ljalem
for his extreme support.

CHAPTER THREE

3. Overall benefits we gained from internship

Internship is one method of making opportunity for students to develop their potential and
explore general office experience as well as helps to know specific organization’s
arrangements which provide for me with valuable work experience (both practical and to
explore new ideas) and an opportunity to practice work before graduation. Internship
programs are also potentially valuable to organizations. While we participate in this
internship we expect that only practical and theoretical knowledge will be gained in the

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internship but after completing of the internship we was able to realize that we get so many
benefits. The major benefits that we get for the internship are classified and stated as below.

3.1. What we gained in terms of improving practical skill

In many developing countries the technological potentials are limited. The learning
curriculum to advance the technological potential is highly motivating but still main
governmental facility providers are working using manual systems which makes information
to be easily accessible by individuals and make the information doesn’t be easily findable.
The software development of staff develops software’s for higher governmental organizations
and give supports to use automatic systems and further to share information’s among the
organizations. As computer engineer the organization gives an opportunity to contribute in
improvement the countries technological potential. The company as a governmental
organization uses licensed and stable software’s to develop applications. Mostly the
organization considers the security of the developed systems so the all systems use three layer
structures. During the duration of the internship program there was an opportunity to map the
theoretical knowledge into practical skills and to face real world challenges that will occurred
in the feature besides learning the ideas in class.
What is involved in practical activities? When carrying out practical tasks in this
organization, we have to use these things mainly:
 Use the knowledge and skills your have learnt during class to complete tasks and solve
problems;
 Use common sense and know when to ask for help;
 Be safe, Be aware and follow health and safety policy and procedures;
 Follow instructions and complete the task in line with the instructions given;  Have the
confidence to take on practical tasks and responsibilities.

3.2 .What we gained in terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge

There are direct applications of the courses we was learned theoretically such as Net Beans
Software, oracle and when they come to practical manner they will be tailored, this helps to
clearly understand the mapping of theoretical knowledge into practical skills. This is the time
that we develop my practical knowledge since everything what we have learned during my
time at the university is theoretical and it is not industry based most of the things that we have

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learned are outdated and they are not specific this makes students like to be unfamiliar with
many concepts and it drags us down regarding the practical knowledge because my
knowledge that we have gained is not currently practical because the technology is changing
and we are not coping with the new innovations and this was a main problem for me and we
even barely know java. During the internship period there are totally new terms for me so we
read, browse, and watch video tutorials about the terms in order to develop the theoretical
knowledge to those particular parts that are new for me and further we ask my mentors if
there had challenges we faced. Or mentors were very open and friendly for me they help me,
instruct me and give to me some comments regarding my work. Due to this we was able to
develop my theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge.

3.3 .What we gained in terms of improving interpersonal communication skill

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another place.

Although this is a simple definition, when we think about how we may communicate the
subject becomes a lot more complex. There are various categories of communication and
more than one may occur at many time.

The different categories of communication are:-

 Spoken or verbal communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other

media.
 Non-verbal communication: body language, gesture, how we dress or act-even our scent.
 Written communication: letters, emails, books, Magazines, the internet or via other media.
 Visualizations: graphs, charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate
messages.

The process of interpersonal communication can’t be regarded as a phenomena which simply

‘happens’, but should be seen as a process which involves participants negotiating their role
in this process, whether consciously or unconsciously. Every member of the organization had
very good communicative skills. During the entire internship time we had a communication
between the mentors, supervisors, with other intern students that came from other universities
and even with each other besides learning the communicative skill in theory. Having good
communication skill makes easy to get information. we have developed the art of

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communication during my internship time. Actually this is the time that we face the real
world and the real world needs behavior as the main quality of a person the way you make
communication with others is the reflection of your personal behavior and good
communication is highly required.

During the whole internship period communication has been playing a great role for mine for
example if someone has bad communication skill how he/she is going to ask a question
regarding the project that he/she is performing and it is impossible to share experience from
other intern students if you don’t have a good communication skill. Communication only for
verbal communication for example if you take written communication it will help you greatly
in writing formal written request. And if you don’t have a skill in reading graphs, charts,
logos and maps it will cause problems reading, creating and understanding of reports that uses
different graphs and visualizations.

Communications Skills that are critically have improved are:

 Assertion skills-In this intern ship period we have develop verbal and non-verbal
communication behaviors. These behaviors enable for me to maintain respect, satisfy my
needs, and defend my rights without criticizing, manipulating, abusing, or controlling
others.
 Listening skills-To understand other person’s intension listening skill is very important.
In this period we have develop our listening skill in order to understand what is really
excepted from me and what others wants to tell me.
 Conflict-resolution skills-These skills enable me to resolve or manage conflicts
effectively.

3.4. What we gained in terms of improving team playing skills

Teamwork is the ability to work together towards common vision .The ability to direct
individual accomplishments towards organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows
common people to attain uncommon results.
In what way did we develop our team playing skill in Civil Service office?
 Avoid internal politics and be loyal to the team.
 Value interdependence as it is the most certain way of being a good team player and
remembers not to give up under dire circumstances but just to refocus on your thinking.

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 Get along with others and support them; recognize and accept their strengths and
weaknesses and you can then wear the mantle of a good team player.
Generally
 We realize that actively participate in team work has make some body know more and
increase personal confidence.
 We know that while working in team trying to create good team sprit always has
advantage for success.

 Working together to solve problems always develops friendship and this help to handle
problems easily.
 Always be honest and give appreciation to others help someone to have good relationship
with them.
 We tried to make good working atmosphere and create good will to make others share
their experience.

3.5. What we gained in terms of leadership skill

Two questions which are often asked are what exactly is a leader? And how is it different
from being a manager?
What is a Leader? And Leadership is not Management to find out more. Many people also
wonder if leadership can really be taught. People with vested interests (academics and those
offering leadership training or literature of some sort) are convinced that it can. Many
successful leaders, however, have never had any formal training. For them leadership is a
state of mind, and it is their personalities and traits that make them successful leaders.
Who did we consider to be a good leader?
May be it's a politician, a famous business person, or a religious figure.
Or maybe it's someone you know personally – like your boss, a teacher, or a friend.
You can find people in leadership roles almost everywhere you look.
However, simply having the responsibilities of a leader doesn't necessarily make a person an
effective leader. This is a shame because, with a little study, humility and hard work, all of us
can learn to lead effectively.

The main Leadership qualities we have developed from this organization:-

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 Integrity
 Honesty
 Courage
 Commitment
 Passion
 Confidence
 Positivity
 Wisdom
 Determination
 Sensitivity

Consider some of the following tips for how to become a better leader and think about ways
that you can implement these strategies in your daily life.
1. Learn more about your leadership style
Understanding your current leadership style is essential. What are your strengths? Which
areas need some improvement? One way to start assessing your skills is to take this
leadership style quiz to get a general idea of how you lead. Once you have completed the
quiz, read about the Major characteristics of your dominant style. Are these qualities helping
or hindering your leadership? Once you've determine which areas need some work, you can
begin looking for ways to improve your leadership abilities.

2. Encourage creativity
Intellectual stimulation is one of the hallmarks of transformational leadership. Followers need
to be encouraged to express their creativity. Effective leaders should offer new challenges
with ample support to achieve these goals. One way to foster creativity is to offer challenges
to group members, making sure that the goals are within the grasp of their abilities. The
purpose of this type of exercise is to get people to stretch their limits, but to not become
discouraged by barriers to success.

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3. Serve as a role model
Idealized influence is another of the four key components of transformational leadership.
Transformational leaders exemplify the behaviors and characteristics that they encourage in
their followers. They walk the walk and talk the talk. As a result, group members admire
these leaders and work to emulate these behaviors. If you want to become a better leader,
work on modeling the qualities that you would like to see in your team members.

4. Be Passionate
Would you look to someone for guidance and leadership if they did not truly care about the
goals of the group? Of course not! Great leaders are not just focused on getting group
members to finish tasks; they have a genuine passion and enthusiasm for the projects they
work on. Start by thinking of different ways that you can express your zeal. Let people know
that you care about their progress. When one person shares something with the rest of the
group, be sure to tell them how much you appreciate such contributions.

5. Listen and communicate effectively

Another important characteristic of transformational leadership involves a focus on providing
one-on-one communication with group members. Good leaders should express sincere care
and concern for the members of their group both verbally and nonverbally. By keeping the
lines of communication open, these leaders can ensure that group members feel able to make
contributions and receive recognition for their achievements.

6. Have a positive attitude

Transformational leaders have an upbeat, optimistic attitude that serves as a source of
inspiration for followers. If leaders seem discouraged or apathetic, members of the group are
likely to also become uninspired. Even when things look bleak and your followers start to feel
disheartened, try to stay positive. This does not mean viewing things through rosecolored
glasses. It simply means maintaining a sense of optimism and hope in the face of challenges.

7. Encourage people to make contributions

Let the members of your team know that you welcome their ideas. Leaders who encourage
involvement from group members are often referred to as democratic or participative leaders.
While they retain the final say over all decisions, they encourage team members to take an
active role in coming up with ideas and plans. Research has shown that using a democratic

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leadership style leads to greater commitment, more creative problem-solving and improved
productivity.

8. Motivate your followers

Transformational leaders also provide inspirational motivation to encourage their followers to
get into action. Of course, being inspirational isn't always easy. Fortunately, you don't need
motivational speeches to rouse your group members. Some ideas for leadership inspiration
include being genuinely passionate about ideas or goals, helping followers feel included in
the process and offering recognition, praise and rewards for people's accomplishments.

9. Offer rewards and recognition

A good leader knows that offering effective recognition and rewards is one of the best ways
to help followers feel appreciated and happy. It may also come as no surprise that happy
people tend to perform better at work. Leaders can help group members feel happier by
offering help, removing barriers to success and rewarding strong efforts.

10. Keep trying new things

Who says leadership is a one-way relationship? As you work toward honing your leadership
skills, don't forget to look to your followers for feedback an inspiration. Pay attention to the
things that have been effective in the past and always be on the lookout for new ways to
inspire, motivate and reward group.

3.6 What we gained in terms of understanding about work ethics related issues

Work ethics is a belief in the moral benefit and importance of work and its inherent ability to
strengthen character.

In order to achieve the missions of the organization the higher administrative of the
organization expects employees to develop certain desirable work ethics that will help them
to perform their jobs well so that the company can succeed. Some of these ethics include:-
 Motivation
 Loyalty
 Punctuality
 Honesty

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  Trustworthiness
 Dependability
 Reliability
 Initiative
 Self-discipline
 Accepting
 responsibility

With respect to work ethics related issues we have seen how workers struggle for fulfilling
their responsibility at work place, respecting their working time, respecting the order of the
organizations administrates, etc. and we see how the administrates take actions on those who
doesn’t respect the work ethics workers integrate us and they treated us as workers.

3.7. What we gained in term of Entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship has no definitive answers, but it can be seen as a collection of characters
that successful entrepreneur’s possess. Those characters are:
 Personal characteristics,
 Interpersonal skills,
 Critical and creative thinking skills and  Practical skills.

In my internship program Participating in an internship allows to me gain a better perspective

of post-graduation employment by applying the principles and theories we have developed in
the university. This practical application creates an easier transition for me to the working
world. Participating in this internship we realize that creativity and problem solving is one of
the starting points of entrepreneurs. This internship motivates us not to be employee because
it enables me to know more about my career, the real challenges, and way of business
establishment in this profession.

Entrepreneurship is an important tool that can take our country to the future that we dream.
As we all now currently in my country employment is the dream of so many youths that
graduates from different universities. It is good to be employed have a job and be settled but
it is not a permanent solution towards solving poverty if we want to be one the leading
economy in the world we need to step up and be entrepreneurs and create jobs for different
peoples, for example let say there are 1000 entrepreneurs and these entrepreneurs are going to

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create at least 1000 jobs which means 1000 peoples have been employed by entrepreneurs
and indirectly it means those 1000 employees has been reduced from governmental
employment and this also means there are 1000 free jobs that are waiting for employees. This
way we can crate endless free jobs

CHAPTER FOUR

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR THE COMPANY

4.1. Conclusion

When we conclude about ECCA , it is one of the large organizations in Ethiopia that is
exercising their role by working with the different section. It is also responsible for collecting
revenue from custom duties and domestic taxes. This organization has Good program
planning, has good governance and the effective use of training program.

Generally, the whole experience of working and learning at the same time in such
organization was great. And it is one we will never forget. The chance to interact and to
communicate (network) with people in computer technology at this level was a great
opportunity. The company allows to me use service cars as permanent worker and they
provide me computer and basic resources like documents to understand tasks performed and
their willingness to share their knowledge was unforgettable. we saw and learn many things
in this program that are tasks performed in real work and we have increased my practical
skills, team playing and communication skills. we also understand how much work ethics is
important. And we hope it will help me in the real work on the future.

We have been working in networking department, maintenance and business application

development of the company, which concerns about making and developing a network
infrastructure, From the department we have joined we know and work hard on the main
steps of network infrastructure development ,maintenance and business application
development on task we have been assigned. From the technical proposal and financial
proposal documents we understand what they are about and what they will include in their
content. Generally this internship programming is very interesting for me to improve our
future professional life. We have caught many experiences in terms of.
- Knowing the environment concerning my feature life.
- Work experience.

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 - Work ethics.
- Improving theoretical and practical skills.
- Interpersonal communication.
- Looking external business source.

4.2. Recommendation

As a company, the mission and vision are good but as we have observed that the person who
gives service and participation are limited because of security.

It’s very great opportunity to be in ECCA to know and get practical experience from the
working environment. There are a lot working areas which is helpful to develop our
theoretical knowledge with practical skills but according to the time given for the internship
program it’s almost impossible to be able to see all the working environments. we
recommend that it will be more satisfactory if the entrance and exit time be reviewed. The
working culture of ECCA is very appreciable in order to acquire new technologies.

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