Executive Post Graduate Diploma in Management
Term : 1
Subject:OBHRM
FACULTY: DR. RAMESH M SWAMY
Alliance University: Executive PGDM
Chapter 3
Personality,
Dr. Ramesh M Swamy
Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities
• personality
• perception
• attribution
• attitudes
• values
• ethics
Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities The Environment
• personality • organization
• perception • work group
• attribution • job
• attitudes • personal life
• values
• ethics
Variables Influencing
Individual Behavior
The Person
• skills & abilities The Environment
• personality • organization
• perception • work group
• attribution • job
• attitudes • personal life
• values
• ethics
Behavior
Interactional Psychology
Approach
The Person
• skills & abilities The Environment
• personality • organization
• perception • work group
• attribution • job
• attitudes • personal life
• values
• ethics
Behavior
B = f(P,E)
Definition of Personality
Personality - A relatively stable set of
characteristics that influences an
individual’s behavior
Personality Theories
Trait Theory - understand individuals by breaking
down behavior patterns into observable traits
Psychodynamic Theory - emphasizes the
unconscious determinants of behavior
Humanistic Theory - emphasizes individual
growth and improvement
Integrative Approach - describes personality as
a composite of an individual’s psychological
processes
Big Five Personality Traits
Extraversion Gregarious, assertive,
sociable
Agreeableness Cooperative, warm,
agreeable
Conscientiousness Hardworking, organized,
dependable
Emotional stability Calm, self-confidant,
cool
Openness to Creative, curious,
Experience cultured
Sources: P.T. Costa and R. R. McCrae, The NEO_PI Personality Inventory (Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment
Resources, 1992) and J.F. Salgado, “The Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Performance in the European
Community,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (1997): 30-43.)
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Locus of Control
Internal External
People and
I control what
circumstances control
happens to me!
my fate!
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Self-Efficacy - belief and expectations about one’s
ability to accomplish a specific task effectively
Sources of self-efficacy
Prior experiences
Behavior models (observing success)
Persuasion
Assessment of current physical & emotional
capabilities
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Self - Esteem
Feelings of Self Worth
Success tends Failure tends
to increase to decrease
self-esteem self-esteem
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Self - Monitoring
Behavior based on cues from people & situations
High self monitors Low self monitors
flexible: adjust act from internal
behavior according states rather than
from situational cues
to the situation and
the behavior of show consistency
others less likely to respond
can appear to work group norms
or supervisory
unpredictable & feedback
inconsistent
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Positive Affect - An individual’s
tendency to accentuate the
positive aspects of oneself, other
people, and the world in general
Negative Affect - An individual’s
tendency to accentuate the
negative aspects of oneself, other
people, and the world in general
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
A strong
situation can
overwhelm the effects
of individual personalities
by providing strong cues
for appropriate
behavior
Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Strong
personalities
will dominate
in a weak
situation
How is Personality Measured?
Projective Test - elicits an individual’s response to
abstract stimuli
Behavioral Measures - personality assessments that
involve observing an individual’s behavior in a
controlled situation
Self-Report Questionnaire - assessment involving an
individual’s responses to questions
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - instrument
measuring Jung’s theory of individual differences.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Based on Carl Jung’s work
People are fundamentally different
People are fundamentally alike
People have preference combinations for
extraversion/introversion, perception,
judgment
Briggs& Myers developed the MBTI to
understand individual differences
MBTI Preferences
Preferences Represents
Extraversion Introversion How one
re-energizes
Sensing Intuiting How one gathers
information
Thinking Feeling How one makes
decisions
Judging Perceiving How one orients to the
outer world
CASE STUDY DISCUSSED
1.Ela R Bhatt –The Gentle Revolutinary
2. Not your Stereotypical CEO
