EXERCISES FOR WEEK 15: INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS
Name : Tania Aulya Haris
NIM : 21018151
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Review of terms and concepts: nonverbal communication
1. Nonverbal communication is any communication that occurs between people by
means other than spoken or written words or sign language.
2. The study of communicating with body movements is called kinesics.
3. When we say there is a communicative “dance” that takes place, we mean that
highly patterned movement synchronized with speech.
4. Holding a finger up to the mouth to sign to someone to be silent is an example
of what type of kinesic behavior?emblem.
5. Describing a big fish that you had just caught by extending your arms out in
front of your body is an example of a(n) illustration.
6. Repeatedly tapping yourself with a pencil is a nonverbal act called a(n) adaptor.
7. The nonverbal behavior of shrugging the shoulders is a(n) emblem.
8. A smile would be called a(n) affect display.
9. The primary site for conveying emotion is the face.
10. There are four lines of evidence that point to the innateness of the production
of and reaction to basic facial expressions. They are cross-cultural evidence,
study of blind children, study of non-human primates, and brain imaging
studies.
11. Nonverbal behaviors that modulate the back-and-forth nature of speaking and
listening are called regulators.
12. adaptors are movements that function to satisfy personal needs.
13. The six basic emotions expressed by the face are happiness, fear, anger,
surprise, sadness, and disgust.
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14. What are the five functions of gaze and mutual gaze that we discussed in this
chapter? Regulating flow of communication, monitoring feedback, reflective
cognitive activity, expressing emotion, communicating relationship.
15. Of the five types of kinesic behavior discussed in the text, the type produced
most consciously is emblem and the type produced most subconsciously is
adaptor.
16. Grooming functions to remove debris from fur and to communicate In
nonhuman primates, it also figures into dominance patterns.
17. The system of nonverbal, but vocal, cues that accompany or replace language is
called paralanguage.
18. The study of the use of space in human interactions is called proxemics.
19. Among the group of Americans that Edward T. Hall studied, people got fidgety
if strangers came, on average, closer than 18 inches. The space from the
person’s body to this distance is called intimate distance and the area extending
all the way around the individual at this distance is called that individual’s
invisible wall.
20. We discussed the fact that some of the factors that determine what we think is
attractive are learned though the socialization process. What are some factors
that determine our judgment of beauty that are innate and the result of millions
of years of biological evolution?
Full lips, unblemished and smooth skin, lustrous hair, waist to hip ratio, body
symmetry.
21. Some factors of the physical or social environment that affect communication
are:
Colour, sound, lighting, objects and placement of objects in a room.
End-of-chapter exercises
1. Watch a television program with the sound off. What can be said about body and
facial movements that occur while the people on the screen are talking?
2. Play a recorded television program or movie with the sound off. Guess what
information is being conveyed or what the story is about. Now listen to the
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sound. Were you correct in your impressions of what was said? What type of
information were you most accurate in guessing? Specific information? Attitudes?
The nature of relationships? What other types of information did you perceive?
Explain your conclusions.
3. This exercise involves the score sheet reproduced after the last exercise. Watch
people talking in places where they may stay put for a time, such as a restaurant,
park, or social gathering. Can you see examples of emblems, illustrators, affect
displays regulators, adaptors, and other nonverbal behavior? Use the format of
the score sheet to collect your data. Record all of these kinesic behaviors that
you see and make note of their participants, and their meaning and context.
4. After you have done exercise number 3, answer the following questions.
a. Is there any difference in patterns of nonverbal behavior (type of behavior
used, frequency and intensity of behaviors, who initiates and closes an
interchange, and so on) when different mixes of the genders are interacting;
that is, one male with another male, one female with another female, two
males and one female, and so on?
b. What effect does the age of the interactants have?
c. What effect does the number of interactants have?
d. If you have done the exercise in different locations, can you see any
differences in the patterns of nonverbal behavior based on the setting?
e. What other observations and conclusions can you make on the basis of your
score sheets?
5. How do such things as music, color of the environment, furniture arrangement,
and architectural design influence human communication?
Answer : Music and the related arts–humanities, language, literature, art–all have great
potential for helping in the development of [skills to solve our resource problems]
and in promoting the kinds of attitudes that are the real heart of an environmental
ethic.
6. Ask ten or more people to characterize how various languages that they do not
speak sound to them as compared to English. That is, do these other languages
sound harsher than English, more monotone, more rapidly spoken, and so on?
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After you have collected your data, analyze it for the following: Are some
languages characterized similarly by most people in your sample? Do you think
that these characterizations are valid? How do you think such stereotyping
affects the listener’s perception of the people who speak various foreign
languages?
