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Vector questions class 12
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VECTORS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
‘A quantity that has magnitude as well as direction is called a vector. It
is denoted by a directed line segment.
Two or more vectors which are parallel to same line are called collinear
vectors.
Position vector of a point Pla, b, ¢) w.r-t. origin (0, 0, 0) is denoted by
OB, where OB - ai'+ bj+ chk and |OP| - Ya* + b* +0.
If A(x,, Yj. 2) and B(x, Y>, Z,) be any two points in space, then
AB = (x2 x4) + (Yo ~ Yai + (22 ~ 21)k and
(ABI = (x2 ~ ¥1)* + (Ye ~ ¥1)* + (22 ~ 24)*-
If two vectors @ and B are represented in magnitude and direction by
the two sides of a triangle taken in order, then their sum a+b is
represented in magnitude and direction by third side of triangle taken in
opposite order. This is called triangle law of addition of vectors.
If @ is any vector and 2 is a scalar, then 4 @ is a vector collinear with
@ and |, al = ala
lt @ and 6 are two collinear vectors, then @ = 26 where 2. is some
scalar.
4, where 2 is a unit vector in
Any vector @ can be written as @
the direction of a. It @ and B be the position vectors of points A and B, and Cis any point
which divides AB in ratio m: n internally then position vector ¢ of point
mb + na
Cis given as If C divides AB in ratio m : n externally,
mb — na
then G =
The angles a, B and y made by r = ai + bj + ck with positive direction
of x, y and z-axis are called direction angles and cosines of these angles
are called direction cosines of 7 usually denoted as | = cos a, m= cos 8,
n= cos 7.
Also and P+ m+ 1?
The numbers a, 6, ¢ proportional to J, m, n are called direction ratios.
Scalar product of two vectors and b is denoted as 45 and is defined
as ab = |al|B| cos 0, where 0 is the angle between a and 5 (0<0 [abe ]=0
The scalar triple product of three vectors is zero if any two of them are
same or collinear.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1. What are the horizontal and vertical components of a vector a of
magnitude 5 making an angle of 150° with the direction of x-axis.
2. What is a < A such that la -x| = 1, where x =i - 2) + 2k?
3. When is
+lyl|?
4, What is the area of a parallelogram whose sides are given by
2i-j andi+ 5k?
5. What is the angle between @ and By If
a@- BD =8andla x |
6. Write a unit vector which makes an angle of 3 with xaxis and 5 with
Zaxis and an acute angle with y-axis.
7. If Ais the point (4, 5) and vector AB’ has components 2 and 6 along
axis and y-axis respectively then write point B. What is the point of tisection of PO nearer to F it positions of P and @
are 3] + 3) - 4k and gj + 8} - 10k respectively?
Write the vector in the direction of 2 + 3) + 23k, whose magnitude is
10 units.
What are the direction cosines of a vector equiangular with co-ordinate
axes?
What is the angle which the vector 3] - 6) + 2k makes with the x-axis?
Write a unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors
a) - 2) 4 k and - 2) + ] - 2h.
What is the projection of the vector 7 - j on the vector i + 2
= 2|B|=2V3 and @ 1 B, whatis the value of [a + 5 |?
For what value of 2, a =%/+)+4% is perpendicular to
D = 246) +3k?
Whatis [a],t(a + B).(a@-b)=3 and ofp
What is the angle between a and bit |a- b|=|a + B|?
In a parallelogram ABCD, AB = 2] —) + 4k and AC =] +] + 4k.
‘What is the length of side BC?
What is the area of a parallelogram whose diagonals are given by vectors
2i+ j- 2k and j. 287
Find | x'| if for a unit vector & (= a).(% + 2) = 12.
Ita and D are two unit vectors and a + Bis also a unit vector
then what is the angle between @ and Db?
It j, j, & are the usual three mutually perpendicular unit vectors then
what is the value of }.()< k)+ lx R)+ kj xi)?
What is the angle between x and y if x.y =|x x y|? Write a unit vector in xy-plane, making an angle of 30° with the +ve
direction of x-axis.
Ita, B and ¢ are unit vectors with a + b+ c¢ = 0, then what
isthe value of a. b+ b.c+c.a?
Ita and Bare unit vectors such that (a + 25) is perpendicular
to (5a - 40), then what is the angle between a and b 7?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
It ABCDEF is a regular hexagon then using triangle law ol addition prove
that :
“AB + AC + AD + AE + AF =3AD =-6A0
O being the centre of hexagon.
Points L, Mf, N divides the sides BC, CA, AB of a SABC in the ratios
1:4,3:2,3: 7 respectively. Prove that AL + BM + CN isa vector
parallel to CK where K divides AB in ratio 1: 3.
The scalar product of vector] + ) + & with a unit vector along the sum
‘of the vectors 2) + 4] = 5k and ai + 2] + ak is equal to 1. Find the
value of 2.
‘a, 6 and ¢ are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal
magnitude. Show that a+ b + ¢ makes equal angles with
a, Band © wh each angle a8 os (3).
= 4—jand p = 2/4] + 3k then express Pf in the form of
Bi + Be. where Pf, is parallel ta Gand Bi, is perpendicular a.
For any two vectors, show that [x B| = fa’? -(a- 5).
a sis jek D=i-j+2jand © = xis(e-2)) koe
lies in the plane of @ and B, then find the value of x.
Prove that angle between any two dagenss ofa cube is cos "( 1).
Let a & and ¢ are unit vectors such that a:b = a-c¢ = 0 and the
angle between B and ¢ iS 3. then prove that a = +2(5 x é).
Prove that the normal vector to the plane containing three points with
position vectors ‘B and ¢ lies in the direction of vector
BxG+Gxaiaxdb. then show that the area of
51. @,B,c are three vectors such that Bx ¢ = @ and
a
52. tH = 2-3), 8 =
+] Kang © =3f-k ma [SEE]
53. Find volume of parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are given by
vectors a = 2/4 3)4 4%, b -]42)-& and © = ai —j + 2k.
54. Find the value of 4 such that @ =7-j+k, D = 25+ 7- and
© = Al —] +28 are coplanar.
4, -3), (3, 2, -5) (-3, 8, -5) and (-3, 2, 1) HS bi!
ae
1 and yale pale ets
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a Sidi as
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Fol ly ds al
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a ag
