Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D1

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITOL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN ENLISH 9
Third Quarter/ Week 5/ D1

OBJECTIVE: Determine the tone, mood, techniques, and purpose of the author. EN9LT-IIIg-2.11

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

LITERARY ELEMENTS: Unlocking Author’s Tone, Mood, Techniques, and Purpose

• Literary elements are the things that all literature—whether it's a news article, a book,
or a poem—absolutely have to have. Literary elements are the fundamental building blocks of writing, and
they play an important role in helping us write, read, and understand literature.

UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S TECHNIQUE

• The author’s technique is a technique in which an individual author uses in his writing.
• Here are the examples of the author’s techniques:
Tone It is the attitude of the author in writing the story.
Mood It is the atmosphere of the story.
Foreshadowing When the author signals an action that may occur later in the story.
Example: In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Romeo says he prefers to die
sooner than live without Juliet’s love: “Life were better ended by their hate,
Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love.”
Flashback When the author writes a scence that was set in an earlier time in the story.
Example: A man is about to give a speech to a large audience on biology.
Suddenly, he remembers playing with frogs and toads in his backyard as a
curious child. He smiles at the memory, and then begins to speak to the
audience about a new, groundbreaking finding about frogs.

In the given example, the flashback happens when the man remembers his
childhood. The flashback serves to reveal that the man had an early passion
for animals and has now, as an adult, made a fantastic discovery in that area
of science.
Imagery The mental picture created by the authors in their writing.
Examples:
• Imagery using visuals:
The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky in
beautiful and varied constellations which were sprinkled across the
astronomical landscape.
➢ In this example, the experience of the night sky is described in depth
with color (black as ever, bright), shape (varied constellations), and
pattern (sprinkled).

• Imagery using sounds:

Silence was broken by the peal of piano keys as Shannon began
practicing her concerto.
➢ Here, auditory imagery breaks silence with the beautiful sound of
piano keys.

• Imagery using scent:

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D1

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus wafting through the air, its
tropical smell a reminder that she was on vacation in a beautiful
place.

➢ The scent of hibiscus helps describe a scene which is relaxing, warm,

and welcoming.

• Imagery using taste:

The candy melted in her mouth and swirls of bittersweet chocolate
and slightly sweet but salty caramel blended together on her tongue.
➢ Thanks to an in-depth description of the candy’s various flavors, the
reader can almost experience the deliciousness directly.

• Imagery using touch:

After the long run, he collapsed in the grass with tired and burning
muscles. The grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on his brow.
➢ In this example, imagery is used to describe the feeling of strained
muscles, grass’s tickle, and sweat cooling on skin.

UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S TONE AND MOOD

• Mood and tone are two literary elements that help create the main idea of a story.

• The mood of a piece of literature is defined as the emotion or feeling that readers get from reading the
words on a page. It is a piece of writing that gives its general atmosphere While a story can have an
overall mood, it's more likely that the mood changes from scene to scene depending on what the writer is
trying to convey.

Examples: Here are some words that are commonly used to describe mood: (cheerful, reflective,
gloomy, humurous, romantic, mysterious, calm, hopeful, tense, lonely, or angry).

• Mood is often (and understandably) confused with tone, which is related but different in some ways.

• The tone refers to the way the author expresses his attitude through his writing, not its atmosphere. It can
change very quickly or may remain the same throughout the story.

Examples: Here are some words that are commonly used to describe tone: (positive, cautious,
humorous, affectionate, serious, sympathetic, sarcastic, formal, depressed, solemn, or excited).

UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

• When we talk about the author’s purpose, we are referring to the why behind their writing.
• The author’s purpose is the reason they decided to write about something in the first place.
TYPES OF AUTHOR’S PURPOSE AIM/OBJECTIVE
Persuade to convince the reader to agree with his/her point of view
Inform to provide lots of facts to inform
Entertain to amuse and delight
Explain to communicate through a method or a process
Describe to use words to describe something in more detail

REFERENCES:
Online References:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D1

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

TRY TO DISCOVER
A. Read each passage and decide if the mood given matches the passage. If not, give an
appropriate mood.

1. Asia’s Pop Star Royalty, Ms. Sarah Geronimo, arrived and the newsmen packed around the
car door to get a single glimpse of the famous singer.
Mood: Excitement
Yes or No? _______________________________________________________________

2. The man sat at his empty kitchen table to drink a single cup of tea and look at the dying
tree outside his window.
Mood: Angry
Yes or No? _______________________________________________________________

3. The student looked at the map and tried to control the pounding of his heart while he
attempted to find his way through the maze of streets to get back to the bus.
Mood: Calm
Yes or No? _______________________________________________________________

B. Identify the tone used in each sentence below. Choose your answer inside the box.
1. Jona stomped across the shop and screamed at the innocent shop assistant.
Tone:____________________________________

2. Carl was determined and focused, he was going to triumph in the pie eating contest.
Tone:____________________________________

3. The breeze whistled through the pretty town.

Tone:____________________________________

4. The theme park was full of excited faces, children skipped everywhere, darting to this
rollercoaster or that shop. Everything was just tacky and loud to me.
Tone:____________________________________

angry positive formal

relaxed excited irritated

C. Read the descriptions of each item and determine the author’s purpose in writing it (to
describe, to entertain, to explain, or to persuade).

1. An article about the conditions, causes, and effects of COVID-19 in the Philippines.
Author’s Purpose:____________________________________

2. A poem about why IPOD is the greatest consumer electronic device ever made.
Author’s Purpose:____________________________________

3. A pamphlet urging people not to eat animals or use products made by animals.
Author’s Purpose:____________________________________

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D1

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

Is today’s lesson clear to you? Let’s continue to find out the best way to determine the tone, mood,
techniques and purpose of the authors in writing different literary pieces.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1
• Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.

Comprehension Questions:
1. What is this piece all about? ___________________________________________________________
2. How does the author feel about this topic? ________________________________________________
3. In the poem, the mother compares her life to a_____________________________________________
4. The mother says she is________________________________________________________________
5. The mother's tone is best described as ___________________________________________________
6. The mother's dialect or manner of speaking makes the poem more _____________________________
7. What is the attitude of the author in writing this poem? ______________________________________
8. How does he use language to express his attitude? _________________________________________
9. Did the author use imagery in the poem? If so, write it on the blank.____________________________
10. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this piece? __________________________________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2
• A. Read the passages below and determine whether the author used a FORESHADOWING or
FLASHBACK technique.

1. "NOW, my dears," said old Mrs. Rabbit one morning, "you may go into the fields or
down the lane, but don't go into Mr. McGregor's garden: your Father had an accident
there; he was put in a pie by Mrs. McGregor."
~ Beatrix Potter from The Tale of Peter Rabbit ~
~ Beatrix Potter from The Tale of Peter Rabbit ~
Answer: _________________________________

2. “Life were better ended by their hate,

Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love”
~Romeo and Juliet:Act 2, Scene 2~
Answer: _________________________________
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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D1

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

3.
My name is Fabian Vas. I live in Witless Bay, Newfoundland. You would not have
heard of me. Obscurity is not necessarily failure, though; I am a bird artist, and have
more or less made a living at it. Yet I murdered the lighthouse keeper, Botho August,
and that is an equal part of how I think of myself.
I discovered my gift for drawing and painting birds early on.
~ Howard Norman’s novel :The Bird Artist~
Answer: _________________________________

4. The moon slips from its cerement, and my son, already disappearing into
a man, moves toward his bed for the night, wrapped in a towel
of lake scent.
My son rows toward me against the wind. For thirty-six years, he rows.
In 1986, he is born in Paris
~ Carolyn Forché’s poem : Blue Hour(An excerpt)~
Answer: _________________________________

5. “The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees…

Riding—riding—
The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door.”
~ The Highwayman (By Alfred Noyes) ~
Answer: _________________________________
GENERALIZATION
Literary elements are just like a house, the elements might be arranged slightly differently...but at the end
of the day, they're usually all present and accounted for. Literary elements aid in the discussion and
understanding of a work of literature as basic categories of critical analysis.

EVALUATION
• Read the poem inside the box then answer the questions on its right side.

1. All of the following are used by the persona to compare her heart to
EXCEPT:
A. apple-tree B. colorful life C. singing bird D. rainbow shell
2. What is the mood of the poem as suggested with the comparison
made by the heart?
A. amused B. cheerful C. humorous D. serious
3. To which is halcyon sea most likely refer?
A. deep sea B. beautiful sea C. peaceful sea D. territorial sea
4. What tone does the poem have?
A. excitement B. happiness C. nervousness D. sorrow
5. What is the purpose of the author in writing the poem?
A. to describe B. to entertain C. to explain [Link] inform
(6-10) Enumerate the imagery/imageries used by the author in the poem.

Prepared by: Karen V. Mortera

PASAY CITY EAST HIGH SCHOOL

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D2

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITOL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN ENLISH 9
Third Quarter/ Week 5/ D 2

OBJECTIVE: Judge the validity of evidence read. EN9LC-IVh-2.15

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

VALIDITY OF EVIDENCE—How to determine the validity of evidence?

Terms and concepts to know for this lesson:

• Validity- soundness and strength of argument. Is this evidence any good?

• Authority- power to inspire belief or weight of testimony. Does this person know what he or she is
talking
about?
• Audience- people who have read or will read a particular text, publication, or writer, considered
collectively. For whom did the author intend to read or view this source?

EVALUATING A SOURCE

• When we determine that a source is "good," we say that it has validity. But how can you determine if the
source you're consulting is valid? Here are the questions to consider:

1. Who is the author of the source? What are his or her credentials - is her or she a recognized expert
in the field? Are they representing an organization? If so, what is the organization's mission and
goals? If you're unsure, try doing a Google search on the author or their organization.
2. How did the source get its information? If the source includes references, look at a few of the
references - do they look like reliable sources of information? Does it look like the author is citing
the source correctly? Use your best judgment!
3. What if the source you've found doesn't have references? If a source doesn't include references,
see if you can fact check the information in other ways. For example, if you're looking at a news
article that quotes experts in a field, do a Google search of the expert's name and see what
information you can find on him or her.

TYPES OF SOURCES

• There are three (3) types of sources namely scholarly, trade, and popular

1. SCHOLARLY SOURCE- is written by an expert for other experts in the same field. Scholarly sources
typically include references to other sources, and are written with the assumption that the audience
already has significant background knowledge in the topic.

Example: EDITORIAL ARTICLE

Drugs and Alcohol

"Drugs are bad." It's an everyday saying that is said for a reason. Not only because
it tells somewhat of an "opinionated truth," if that exists, but to give a fine, general
description to one's temptational desire.
Evil was brought into the world by temptation. Are things such as alcohol and
smoking of no coincidence? Well, there just so happens to be a relation here. Many of us

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D2

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

are tempted everyday by something, however, this little circle of lure gets smaller, causing
you to submit your will into things like drugs and alcohol. With that, you can experience
a wonderful sensation, yet at the same time you have already disgraced yourself with a
bad choice.
This choice can lead to your very own fate – death. Human beings are mortal, and
strangely enough we find ways to kill ourselves. Drugs/alcohol top that list. Why do it if it
can take everything away from you? Your chances of experiencing death aren't that great,
but it can still take your life away, the one you live each and everyday. Drugs and alcohol
can destroy friendships, tear apart families, and most importantly, crush yourself by the
power of your very own mind, with the choice(s) you make. When you encounter
drugs/alcohol, glass does shatter.
Breaking the glass of your own life is incited by poor decisions like these. You
couldn't hit the pause button to your brain and think to yourself the consequences of your
actions – especially with dangerous substances such as these. Perhaps you have something
against yourself, something your holding back, or maybe you just had a conscious thought:
"What the hell? My life is worth risking." The only problem is, you have to wait an eternity
to find out if you were right. Make the smart choice.
[Link]

2. TRADE SOURCE- Trade sources, such as trade journals or trade magazines, are periodicals that
publish articles relevant to a particular field or industry. They are usually written by professionals
actively working in the field, or by journalists who have knowledge of the field. A trade source's
primary intended audience is working professionals.

Examples:

3. POPULAR
SOURCE- is written
by journalists for the
purpose of
entertaining or
informing the
general public. The
language used is
easily
understandable for
most people. Popular
sources are not
required to provide references or information about source material. Popular sources are reviewed by
editorial staff for format and style.

Examples:

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D2

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

TRY TO DISCOVER
• Read the following examples of VALID and INVALID sources.

1. VALID

Thesis Title: The Prevalence of Theoretical Behavior Change Components in the Top
Breast Cancer Websites to Encourage Detection or Prevention Behaviors and to Solicit
Donations
Researchers: Carolyn LaPlante and Samantha Munday
Advisers: Dr. Sandi Smith, Communication; Dr. Pamela Whitten, Telecommunication,
Information Studies, and Media
Abstract: The Internet has become a primary resource for the general public who seek
health information about a variety of topics, including breast cancer. This particular
research is part of a larger study which evaluated the use of basic design tenets and
theoretical behavioral change components in the top 157 breast cancer websites. Fourteen
components were taken from three behavioral change theories. The focus of this
particular project was to assess the use of these 14 theoretical components on breast
cancer websites as they persuade users towards prevention or detection behaviors…
[Link]

2. VALID

Peza Investment Pledges down 27%

By: Roy Stephen C. Canivel - Reporter / @roycanivel_inq
Philippine Daily Inquirer / 04:06 AM August 12, 2020
Investment pledges at the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (Peza) dropped 27
percent in the seven months to July to P52.01 billion from P71.21 billion a year ago as
the agency struggled to get new investors in the middle of a pandemic.
The latest figures came as the economy plunged into recession in the second quarter,
marking its worst drop on record after the gross domestic product fell by 16.5 percent.

3. INVALID
8 Reasons Why Palawan Should Be On Your Post-Quarantine Travel Bucket List
By Cielo Fernando| June 17, 2020
Don’t you just miss the excitement that comes with planning a trip, researching a
destination, exploring the unexplored, delving into sumptuous cuisines, and meeting new
people that traveling can only give?
While the idea of traveling is on pause right now, it wouldn’t hurt to think about our post-
quarantine trips. Perhaps, daydreaming about traveling again can help us get through
these hard times.
This could have been a perfect time to go island-hopping and discover the great
underwater world that the Philippines has to offer. And where else can we better
experience these than in Palawan?
[Link]
bucket- list/
Page 8 of 20
But more than these, what exactly about Palawan makes it so special than other destinations?
In this blog, we’ve rounded up eight reasons why you should visit Palawan after the
quarantine. At the end of it, you’ll understand why everyone keeps talking about Palawan.
 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-D2

Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

Is today’s lesson clear to you? Depending on your topic, any or all of these reliable source types might
be appropriate to use; these are valid evidences to support your argument. Let’s continue to find out
the best way to determine the validity of evidence using different reading materials.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1

• Identify whether the list of printed and online resources below is RELIABLE or NOT by
putting ✔ for reliable source or x unreliable source.

________ 1. books—authored, edited and published ________ 6. self-published sources

________ 2. personal websites ________ 7. scholarly articles
________ 3. PhD or MBA dissertations and ________ 8. blogs, tweets
research
________ 4. public library ________ 9. newspapers and magazines
________ 5. Wikipedia ________ [Link]

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2
• Determine if the quote below is from a reliable source or unreliable by answering the questions
below.

1. What is the quote all about?

_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the source of the information?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Is the source a major, well-known provider of news? How can you tell?
_____________________________________________________________________________
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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

4. Can you find information about the source such as staf f members’ name, a physical location, or
etc.? _________________________________________________________________________
5. Is there a date provided in the reading material? If so, what is the date?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you think the reading material is valid or not? How do you say so?
__________________________________________________________________________
GENERALIZATION
Determining the validity and reliability of sources is time-consuming and a little complicated at first, but the
more you practice, the better you become.

For all of the types of sources we’ve discussed, you need to determine a few things to decide whether to use
a source.

1. Author’s credentials: Does the author know his or her subject? Does the author have an advanced
degree? Is the author regarded as an expert in the field?
2. Bias: Is the source objective, presenting both sides of the argument, or does it take a firm stance on
one side of the issue?
3. Evidence: Can you tell where the author gets his or her facts? Does the author name specific
publications or Web sites where you can find the same facts?

EVALUATION

• Complete the chart below by writing the “Source” below into the “VALID” or “NOT VALID”
column. (10 pts.)

VALID NOT VALID

A study published in JAMA: A book from 1932 about A personal essay about the
Journal of the American cancer treatments for a paper benefits of tapeworms to lose
Medical Association. about 21st century medical weight.
techniques.

Online sources with an URL A website claims that United

that ends in html, which is the States is planning to invade
basic building blocks of web Canada, but you can’t find
pages. any other sources stating that
fact.

REFERENCE: Prepared by: Karen V. Mortera

Online References: PASAY CITY EAST HIGH SCHOOL
[Link]
[Link]
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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-03
Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITOL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN ENLISH 9
Third Quarter/ Week 5/ Day 3

OBJECTIVE: Determine the relevance and the truthfulness of ideas presented in the material
viewed/read. EN9VC-IVa-10
YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN FACT AND OPINION

Let’s take a look at defining these two important concepts:

• What is a fact? - A fact generally refers to something that is true and can be verified as such. That
is, a fact is something that can be proven to be true.

• What is an opinion? - An opinion refers to a personal belief. It relates to how someone feels about
something. Others may agree or disagree with an opinion, but they cannot prove or disprove it. This is
what defines it as opinion.

COMPARISON CHART OF FACT AND OPINION

IMPORTANCE OF DISTINGUISHING FACT FROM OPINION

• The ability to distinguish between fact and opinion helps students develop their critical and analytical skills
in both their reading and their listening.
• Fact and opinion are often woven together in texts and speeches. It is therefore imperative that students are
able to unravel the threads of what is true from what is mere belief if they are to successfully navigate the
deluge of media they will encounter in their lifetimes.
• Whether on the news, in advertising, or a history book, distinguishing between what is fact and what is
opinion is crucial to becoming an autonomous person with the critical abilities necessary to avoid being
manipulated easily.

EXAMPLES OF FACTUAL ARTICLES

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-03
Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

There exist several different (and usually good) reasons for becoming a vegetarian.
1.
While most people understand and accept the benefits of vegetarianism, the next section
will show the benefits to health and the environment. Looking first at the health
benefits, author Mary Krane Derr supports the idea that a vegetarian diet reduces the
risk of disease in an article entitled Health Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet. This type of
diet has a larger number of “phytochemicals,", which are naturally-occurring chemical
compounds found in plants that have many well-known antioxidants and other
properties believed to reduce the possibility of cancer. A vegetarian diet furthermore
reduces the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes,
obesity, dementia, and other serious illnesses. Without these diseases, people will be
healthier and enjoy longer lives.
[Link]

Early History of the Philippines

2.
The Philippine archipelago was settled at least 30,000 years ago, when migrations from
the Indonesian archipelago and elsewhere are believed to have occurred. Additional
migrations took place over the next millennia. Over time, social and political
organization developed and evolved in the widely scattered islands. The basic unit of
settlement was the barangay (a Malay word for boat that came to be used to denote a
communal settlement). Kinship groups were led by a datu (chief), and within the
barangay there were broad social divisions consisting of nobles, freemen, and
dependent and landless agricultural workers and slaves. Over the centuries, Indo-Malay
migrants were joined by Chinese traders. A major development in the early period was
the introduction of Islam to the Philippines by traders and proselytizers from the
Indonesian islands. By A.D. 1500, Islam had been established in the Sulu Archipelago
and spread from there to Mindanao; it reached the Manila area by 1565. In the midst of
the introduction of Islam came the introduction of Christianity, with the arrival of the
Spanish.
[Link]
EXAMPLE OF OPINIONATED ARTICLE
1.

What is it like to look at the very last of something? To contemplate the passing of a unique wonder that will
soon vanish from the face of the earth? You are seeing it.
It seems an image of human tenderness that Sudan is lovingly guarded by armed men who stand vigilantly
and caringly with him. But of course it is an image of brutality. Even at this last desperate stage in the fate of
the northern white rhino, Sudan is under threat from poachers who kill rhinos and hack off their horns to sell
them on the Asian medicine market – despite the fact that he has had his horn cut off to deter them.

Sudan doesn’t know how precious he is. His eye is a sad black dot in his massive wrinkled face as he wanders
the reserve with his guards. His head is a marvellous thing. It is a majestic rectangle of strong bone and
leathery flesh, a head that expresses pure strength. How terrible that such a mighty head can in reality be so
vulnerable. It is lowered melancholically beneath the sinister sky, as if weighed down by fate. This is the
noble head of an old warrior, his armour battered, his appetite for struggle fading.
[Link]

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 Module Code: PASAY-EN9-Q3-W5-03
Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

TRY TO DISCOVER
• Read the list of factual and opinionated statements. Be guided with the signal words used in
each statement.
FACTUAL STATEMENT OPINIONATED STATEMENT
1. The investigation demonstrated that with fewer cars on 1. Do you like looking at a smoggy
the road, there would be less air pollution and traffic view from a congested highway?
noise; therefore, the use of mass transportation should be How do you feel about fighting
encouraged. road hugs and bumper to bumper
2. Childhood obesity rates have increasing dramatically in traffic every day? Mass
recent years. According to the Centers for Disease 2. transportation is the solution to all
Control, in 2004, 18.8% of school-aged children were these problems. I think that rock
obese (!), versus 4% of children 30 years before in 1974. music is awful.
3. London is the best city in the world.
3. Scientists have recently discovered a vaccine for 4. He claimed that today seems hotter
COVID-19. than yesterday.
4. According to the results of the test, the effects of tobacco 5. Many scientists suspect that Many
smoke on the circulatory system include: raised blood scientists suspect that Venus has a
pressure and heart rate. stronger and thicker lithosphere
5. The annual report confirms that Meralco’s transition to than Earth.
renewable energy better support future generations.
• As you can see from the above sentence fragments, the language used to introduce a statement can be
helpful in indicating whether it is being framed as a fact or an opinion.

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

Is today’s lesson clear to you? It is essential for you to be able to accurately distinguish between fact
and opinion to avoid confusion in the ideas you heard, watched, or read. Let’s continue to find out
the best way to distinguish fact from opinion using different viewing materials.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1
• Read the article entitled, “What Happens To Your Body and Brain If You Don’t Get Sleep The
Human Body”. After reading it, analyze the truthfulness of the article by completing the task
below.
Matthew Walker: My name is Matthew Walker, I am a professor of neuroscience and psychology at
the University of California, Berkeley, and I am the author of the book "Why We Sleep."
We certainly know that a lack of sleep will actually prevent your brain from being able to initially
make new memories, so it's almost as though without sleep the memory inbox of the brain shuts down
and you can't commit new experiences to memory.
So those new incoming informational emails are just bounced, and you end up feeling as though you're
amnesiac. You can't essentially make and create those new memories. We also know that a lack of
sleep will lead to an increased development of a toxic protein in the brain that is called beta amyloid
and that is associated with Alzheimer's disease because it is during deep sleep at night when a sewage
system within the brain actually kicks in to high gear and it starts to wash away this toxic protein,
beta amyloid. So if you're not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer's-
related protein will build up. The more protein that builds up, the greater your risk of going on to
develop dementia in later life.
What are the effects of sleep deprivation on the body? Well, there are many different effects. Firstly,
we know that sleep deprivation affects the reproductive system. We know that men who are sleeping
just five to six hours a night have a level of testosterone which is that of someone ten years their
senior. So a lack of sleep will age you by almost a decade in terms of that aspect of virility and
wellness. We also know that a lack of sleep impacts your immune system. So after just one night of
four to five hours of sleep, there is a 70% reduction in critical anticancer-fighting immune cells called
natural killer cells. And that's the reason that we know that short sleep duration predicts your risk for
developing numerous forms of cancer. And that list currently includes cancer of the bowel, cancer of
the prostate, as well as cancer of the [Link] fact, the link between a lack of sleep and cancer is now
so strong that recently the World Health Organization decided to classify any form of nighttime shift
work as a probable carcinogen.
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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

So in other words, jobs that may induce cancer because of a disruption of your sleep rate rhythms.
We also know that a lack of sleep impacts your cardiovascular system because it is during deep sleep
at night that you receive this most wonderful form of effectively blood pressure medication.
Your heart rate drops, your blood pressure goes down. If you're not getting sufficient sleep, you're
not getting that reboot of the cardiovascular system, so your blood pressure rises. You have, if you're
getting six hours of sleep or less, a 200% increased risk of having a fatal heart attack or stroke in
your lifetime. There is a global experiment that is performed on 1.6 billion people twice a year and
it's called daylight saving time. And we know that in the spring, when we lose one hour of sleep, we
see a subsequent 24% increase in heart attacks the following day. Another question, perhaps, is what
is the recycle rate of a human being?
How long can we actually last without sleep before we start to see declines in your brain function or
even impairments within your body? And the answer seems to be about 16 hours of wakefulness. Once
you get past 16 hours of being awake, that's when we start to see mental deterioration and
physiological deterioration in the body. We know that after you've been awake for 19 or 20 hours,
your mental capacity is so impaired that you would be as deficient as someone who was legally drunk
behind the wheel of a car. So, if you were to ask me what is the recycle rate of a human being, it does
seem to be about 16 hours and we need about eight hours of sleep to repair the damage of wakefulness.
Wakefulness essentially is low-level brain damage. [Link]

Complete the task below.

1. Write the title of the article?
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the main idea of the article?
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Can you find facts in the article? List 5 facts about the article?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Can you find opinions in the article? List 3 opinions about the article.
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. Would you recommend this article to a friend? Why or Why not?
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. Do you think this article contains truthfulness of ideas? How do you say so?
_________________________________________________________________________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2

• Read the article entitled: “Effects of Junk Food On Health” and determine the relevance and the
truthfulness of ideas presented in it by completing the chart below. (10 pts.)

The high content of sugars, calories, flavors, and fats that contain junk food, have an impact on your health,
so we share five negative consequences for eating too much junk food.
1. Psychological problems. Consumption of sugars, flavors and fats can trigger such problems as attention
deficit, anxiety, individualism, lack of communication and frustration in children. According to the
Organization of Consumer Power, children who eat fast food have manifested greater emotional instability
and changes in their psychology.
2. Premature aging. The director of the Gold's Gym, says the consumption of junk food is one of the main
causes of premature aging because your dermis is not properly oxygenated by the saturation of fats and
artificial flavors.
3. Addiction. The Scripps Research Institute in Florida found that consuming junk food in large quantities
stimulates the brain's "pleasure center," resulting in compulsive behaviors and brain effects such as those
caused by drug use.
4. Death. Researchers at the School of Public Health found that people who consume junk food, even once
a week, increase their risk of dying from coronary heart disease by 20%
5. Extreme sadness. Research by The Public Hearth Nutrition notes that people who habitually consume
junk food are 51% more likely to develop depression. Do you know any other effects of junk food on
health? Tell us in the comments section below. [Link]

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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

GENERALIZATION
TRUTH lies at the heart of any inquiry. Knowledge must be truthful to gain validity and acceptance. But the concept of
truth remains a controversial and much-discussed topic among philosophers.
One should know the difference between fact and opinion.
FACTS are generally established truths, easily verified, and do not easily change from one situation to another.
OPINIONS on the other hand, are aware of bias or personal views of the person presenting it.
Note that BIASES are not necessarily errors in reasoning, but refer to tendencies or influences which affect the views of
people.
Examples:
[Link] women are no good at tech because they are women.
[Link] being poor is the poor person’s fault.

EVALUATION
• Do you know Manny Pacquiao? Think about him. Those thoughts will either be a fact or opinion.
A fact is something that can be proven as true while opinion is the way a person thinks or feels
about something. A person’s opinion may be different from another person’s opinion.
• In the FACT column below, write the facts that you know about Manny Pacquiao. In the
OPINION column, write your opinion about Manny Pacquaio.

FACT OPINION

Prepared by: Karen V. Mortera

REFERENCES: PASAY CITY EAST HIGH SCHOOL
Online References: [Link]
[Link]

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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITOL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN ENLISH 9
Third Quarter/ Week 5/ D 4

OBJECTIVE: Extract important information from argumentative text. EN9LC-IIIa-6.1

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT/ESSAY

• An argumentative text/essay is a type of essay that presents arguments about both

sides of an issue. It could be that both sides are presented equally balanced, or it could be that one side is
presented more forcefully than the other. It all depends on the writer, and what side he supports the most.

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT/ESSAY

1. Introduction: Attention Grabber / hook, Background Information, Thesis Statement

2. Body: Three body paragraphs (three major arguments)
3. Counterargument: An argument to refute earlier arguments and give weight to the actual position
4. Conclusion: Rephrasing the thesis statement, major points, call to attention, or concluding remarks.

TYPES OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT/ESSAY

1. Persuasive Essay- Persuasive essays present an argument and try to persuade the reader that one
side of the argument is better than the others. These types of argumentative essays should start out
by clearly stating the author's point of view and should use the evidence to support that point of
view throughout.
✓ Sample persuasive essay topics:
▪ Should soda be offered in school cafeterias?
▪ Do all students need to learn a foreign language?
▪ Do all students need to go to college?

2. Analytical Essay- The purpose of this type of essay is to analyze another author's argument. Major
elements of analysis include persuasiveness, evidence, clarity of writing, presentation and style.
✓ Sample analysis essay topics:
▪ Differences in communication between men and women.
▪ Describe the way horror movies and TV shows influence child psychology.
▪ Why do teenage girls idolize male celebrities?

3. Personal Essay- A personal argumentative essay does not need to rely on research in order to make
a case. This type of essay is based on opinion and personal taste, so the author must make a
compelling case based on his own subjective reasoning.
✓ Sample personal essay topics:
▪ A place where you would like to live your whole life.
▪ The biggest challenge you have overcome.
▪ The most unfortunate event ever happened to you.

FUNCTION OF ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT/ESSAY

• An argumentative essay presents both sides of an issue. However, it presents one side more positively or
meticulously than the other one, so that readers could be swayed to the one the author intends.
• The major function of this type of essays is to present a case before the readers in a convincing manner,
showing them the complete picture.

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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

EXAMPLES OF ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS:

Is it Right to Blame Social Media for the Use of Incorrect Grammar?
OMG and LOL have become a trend in the ways of communication of people, and they have been the
acronyms of the latest decade. The attraction of social media has expanded to a level that people are now
dependent on the internet to perform their everyday tasks, and they are creating a language of their own.
Since the birth of social media, it has been noticed that the younger generation is getting bad at grammar.
This particular issue is a serious problem as it is making an entire society to become unable to structure
coherent sentences which making upcoming generations dumb. People do not give any significance to
focus on their education and grammar while they are spending time on social media. As people find it a
trend to write and communicate colloquially while using social media, they are getting bad at grammar and
writing well-structured essays and sentences.
As most of the younger generation likes to spend time on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter,
Snapchat, Instagram, such platforms have become the source of their learning and practice. They choose
to write sentences with minimum words and words with minimum characters; their goal is to send their
message instantly. For instance, they use “u” instead of “you” and “r” instead of “are” to shorten the length
of words. Similarly, individuals create abbreviations for phrases like using “LMSO,” “OMG!” “WAU?”
which are referred to as “laughing my socks off,” “Oh my God!”, and “What about you?", respectively.
Moreover, while spending their time, they choose to communicate through modern techniques. Such
techniques goal to shorten their time of writing and still make their communication expressively strong.
Addition of emojis, GIFs, and stickers have created another level of social media communication. Even
though individuals communicate using short sentences, it is now observed that individuals use emojis, GIFs
and stickers more than they use actual words.
This advance way has entirely changed the way individuals use to connect with each other in emotional
as well as learning aspects. It is taking away academic learning and professional communication skills
from students and encouraging bad grammar in various aspects. As high school and college students spend
most of their time on social media platforms, they have started using the same language of slang in their
academic papers as well. So; there is no wonder why the younger generation is getting noticeably bad at
grammar. Parents, government, and educational institutes need to come up with a solution which can help
students get a strong grip on their grammar skills while using social media platforms.
[Link]

Why We Should Not Compare Ourselves with Others?

In our culture a lot of times people advise us to compare ourselves with others. "You should be like your
father," "You can win; the others aren’t as good as you," "You must be the best of your class," etc., and this
is not always the best way of thinking. There are many reasons to change this way of thinking and begin to
compare ourselves only with ourselves. This is the way it should be, and in this paper I will discuss some of
the most important reasons for this.
The first reason to avoid comparing yourself with others is that there will be always someone better than
you. It doesn’t matter in which aspect, but it is always true. Therefore, you could feel inferior to others and
maybe without a real reason. For example, you can be an incredible architect and the best of your
generation, and this can make you feel incredibly good, but if someday someone is better than you are, you
could feel sad although you are still the same incredible architect that you were before.
The second reason to elude this kind of comparison is that you will always find someone worse than you,
but as opposed to the first reason, this can make you feel better than the others, and this feeling can turn
into a horrible pride. For example, if you are the second best student of your class, and one day the very
best student leaves the school, you will then be the best one although you are still only as good as you were
before. These two first reasons leads us to a third one: If you want to be better than the others, you don’t
need to improve yourself; you only have to make the others look bad.
If I want to be the leader of the group, but you are the leader now, what I need to do is to make you look
like a traitor or stupid and then I can take your place. Then I will be better than you. A fourth reason to stop
comparing ourselves is that the one who compares him/herself with others is judging, and this doesn’t help
us develop as human beings. Nobody knows the internal reality of the other; nobody knows his/her story
and his/her most deep intentions, and when we judge it’s harder to accept the others.
The last but most important reason to avoid comparing ourselves with others is that when we do, we can be
tempted to copy them, to do the same things, and to act and think like them. The problem with this is that if
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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

we copy someone, we will never know who we really are and what we really want, and then we will never
grow spiritually. For all these reasons and because we are unique, we should not compare ourselves with
others, only with ourselves. The only comparison pattern that we really have is our consciousness. So, if we
use this pattern we will not feel less or more than others; we will not try to make others look bad; we will
not judge so much; and we will accept ourselves as we really are. In other words, we will live happier
[Link]

TRY TO DISCOVER
• Though all argumentative essays should discuss each side of the argument, different types of
argumentative essays dictate a different approach to presenting the information.
• Here are the examples of argumentative topics.

PERSUASIVE ANALYTICAL PERSONAL

Should soda be offered in school The balance between family life How you met your best friend?
cafeterias? and career.
Do all students need to go to The importance of art education. How you overcame a fear?
college?
Is online or homeschool an Why do people see nightmares? What makes your mom or dad
effective way to learn? special?
Why should you vote? Why do people become Your bravest moment.
alcoholics?
Should guns be allowed on How to stop selfie madness? A time when you felt out of place.
college campuses?
Many prisoners who enter the How to distinguish a good A special encounter with an
system are likely to have a high person from a bad one? animal.
recurrence of criminal activity.
What can be done to solve this?
Should women get guaranteed Various forms of addiction. Words of wisdom that hit home
maternity leave? and changed your way of
thinking.
Does social media improve or The impact of social networks on A time when you saw your parent
hurt our society? youth. cry.
With the rise in selfies and Are all groups or gangs dangerous The moment when you knew you
Instagram photo filtering apps, do to society? were grown up.
you think we have become a more
self-obsessed society?
Should pregnant women be How to protect your family from A disappointment you've
allowed to park in handicapped viruses? experienced.
parking spots?

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

Is today’s lesson clear to you? Let’s continue to find out the best way to understand and analyze
different types of argumentative text by extracting information from it.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1
• Identify whether each topic below is classified as analytical, persuasive, or personal
essay/text. On the blank before the number, write AN for analytical, PE for persuasive, and
PER for personal essay/text.
______ 1. Should pet owners be allowed to give up a pet they have adopted?
______ 2. Analyze the main character of the book.
______ 3. Why do people begin smoking and drinking alcohol?
______ 4. Are video games always bad for kids?
______ 5. Evaluate a movie that is based on a novel
______ 6. Do parrots really speak?
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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

______ 7. What do your parents not understand about you?

______ 8. Is a dog always at fault when it bites a person?
______ 9. Write about a challenge you’re facing right now—and what you plan to do about it.
______ 10. What period of school (elementary school, middle school, high school, or college) do you
feel is most important? Why?

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2
• Read the argumentative essay/text then complete all the questions below dealing with
argumentative terms.
Cause and Effect: Influence of Video Games to Children
Video games have been a part of children's life for the past few decades. It all started when Atari came up with its
first gaming console, which included a very simple game of tennis. The controller had just one stick and one button to
play with. Now, we have many different types of consoles available in the market with very complex games that requires
controllers with two or more sticks and a variety of buttons. Video games are almost second nature to the modern
children and they are more comfortable playing them. Playing video games can have many different effects (both
positive as well as negative) on children. Some of these effects include increasing hand-eye coordination and increasing
dexterity mental skills; a decreased interest in other activities such as studies and sports; and a very negative effect of
inducing violence.
One of the most positive effects of video games is increasing the dexterity of a child and improving his or her hand-
eye coordination. As mentioned earlier, the new video games that are coming out are extremely complex and they
involve the movement of many different kinds of sticks and buttons on the controllers. These can be very good for
children as they learn to make fast connections between what they see and what their hands and fingers are doing. This
allows them to think quickly and improves their reflexes. The newest games are very precision-based and it takes very
minute and accurate movements for the children to control the characters. This helps in making the children much more
adept at handling and operating real-life machinery and objects.
Another effect that playing videogames have on children is that they tend to get addicted to playing these games and
give them foremost priority. This takes the children away from their other responsibilities, such as doing house chores,
homework, and other physical activities. Children also end up spending more time playing videogames in front of
television screens than playing real and actual sports that involve physical exercise. This in turn can have many health-
related problems for the children, as they can get obese if they don't exercise and stay home playing video games. This
is perhaps the worst negative effect that videogames can have on children. Parents and educators all over the world are
concerned about this phenomenon and they are urging the children to not spend so much time playing video games.
Many new video game consoles, such as the new Nintendo WII, have come out with games that require users to actually
get up and move.
Many researchers have talked about the effects of viewing violence in the media and how it affects children.
Videogames takes this to another level, where the children are actually participating in being violent in the video games.
There are many game out there that allow the children to play arm bearing characters who can kill anyone that they
want, steal cars, and commit many different kinds of crime. These games can have negative implications on the children
as they get immune to the idea of committing crime and end up believing that it is all right. Research is still ongoing on
this negative effect and it has not entirely been proven or disproven as of yet.
We find that playing videogames can have various effects on the children, both positive as well as negative. Even
though the children can benefit by increasing their dexterity and improving their reflexes, the cost of them losing out
on their physical exercise and homework, as well as their becoming prone to violent acts, are way too much. It is
important that the parents and the educators take up this problem seriously and enable certain rules and regulations that
allow children to divide their time responsibly between playing videogames and completing their studies and other
responsibilities.
[Link]
1. What is the claim or argument being presented by the author in the given text?

2. Write three lines or text evidence that support the author’s argument.
a.) ________________________________________________________________
b.) ________________________________________________________________
c.) ________________________________________________________________
3. Is there trust, emotion, numbers, urgency used in the text? If yes, give the examples.
a.) Trust (yes/no) __________________________________________________________
b.) Emotion (yes/no)____________________________________________________

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Name : ____________________________________________________ Date : ___________________

Name of Teacher : ________________________________________ Section : ________________

c.) Numbers (yes/no)___________________________________________________

d.) Urgency(yes/no)_____________________________________________________
4. Write a short counterclaim or counterarguments to the author’s given claim

GENERALIZATION
• ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY is a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue.
• Though all argumentative essays should discuss each side of the argument, different types of
argumentative essays dictate a different approach to presenting the information.
• The major function of this type of essays is to present a case before the readers in a convincing
manner, showing them the complete picture.
• Types of argumentative essays include:
▪ persuasive- persuade the reader that one side of the argument is better than the others
▪ analysis- analyze another author's argument.
▪ personal- based on opinion and personal taste, so the author must make a compelling case
based on his own subjective reasoning

EVALUATION
• Read the argumentative essay/text and reflect on the test questions below. (10 pts.)

Put a Little Science in Your Life (by Brian Greene)

“When we consider the ubiquity of cellphones, iPods, personal computers and the Internet, it’s easy to see
how science (and the technology to which it leads) is woven into the fabric of our day-to-day activities. When
we benefit from CT scanners, M.R.I. devices, pacemakers and arterial stents, we can immediately appreciate
how science affects the quality of our lives. When we assess the state of the world, and identify looming
challenges like climate change, global pandemics, security threats and diminishing resources, we don’t
hesitate in turning to science to gauge the problems and find solutions.
And when we look at the wealth of opportunities hovering on the horizon—stem cells, genomic sequencing,
personalized medicine, longevity research, nanoscience, brain-machine interface, quantum computers, space
technology—we realize how crucial it is to cultivate a general public that can engage with scientific issues;
there’s simply no other way that as a society we will be prepared to make informed decisions on a range of
issues that will shape the future.”

• These two paragraphs present an argument about two scientific fields — digital products and
biotechnology. It has also given full supporting details with names.

1. What is the claim or argument being presented by the author in the given text?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the evidences that can support the author’s argument?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES: Online References: [Link]

Prepared by: Karen V. Mortera
[Link]
PASAY CITY EAST HIGH SCHOOL

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