Name:   

Date:   

p
h a te

5
C

r
Data and Probability
Lesson 5.1  Average
Find the mean or average of each set of data.

The table shows the number of books Sophia borrowed

from the library in four months.

Number of Books Borrowed

Month March April May June
Number
12 10 8 14
of Books

1. Step 1   Find the total number of books.

1 1 1 5
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2. Step 2   Divide the total number of books by 4.

445

3. Step 3   Sophia borrowed an average of books every month.

Extra Practice 4A 79

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 Name:    Date:   

David has 5 sticks of different lengths.

4. Step 1   Find the total length of the 5 sticks.

in. 1 in. 1 in. 1

in. 1 in. 5 in.

5. Step 2   Divide the total length by 5.

455 in.

6. Step 3   The average length of the sticks is inches.

Find the mean or average.

7.

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The mean price of the sporting goods is $  .

80 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.1

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 Name:    Date:   

Find the mean or average.

8.

The average volume of the jugs is milliliters.

9.

The mean weight of the parcels is ounces.

10.
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

Jared’s average test score is points.

Extra Practice 4A 81

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 Name:    Date:   

Answer the questions.

The table below shows the ages of 4 students.

Students’ Ages
Name Age
Alisha 15
Daniel 12
Jose 16

Matthew 17

11. Which student is the same age as the average age?

12. Which student(s) is/are older than the average age?

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13. Which student(s) is/are younger than the average age?

82 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.1

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Solve.

14. The mean height of 3 boys is 150 centimeters. The mean height
of 2 girls is 145 centimeters. Find the mean height of the 5 students.

15. An average of 1,896 people visited a museum in each month of March and
April. Another 2,736 people visited the museum in May. What is the average
number of visitors at the museum for these three months?
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Extra Practice 4A 83

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 Name:    Date:   

16. The average number of red, blue, and green beanbags in a store is 136.
There are 30 more red beanbags than blue beanbags. There are 15
fewer green beanbags than blue beanbags. How many green beanbags
are in the store? Use bar models to help you.

17. Joleen’s total test score in English, math, and science is 264. She scores
1 point more in science than her average score and 5 points more
in math than in science. What is her score in English?

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84 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.1

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Lesson 5.2  Median, Mode, and Range

Find the median, mode, range, and mean of each set of data.

7, 4, 9, 5, 10, 3, 4

1. Order the numbers from the least to the greatest:

2. Median:

3. Mode:

4. Range:

5. Mean:

18 ft, 16 ft, 16 ft, 12 ft, 19 ft, 15 ft

6. Order the distances from the least to the greatest:

7. Median:
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8. Mode:

9. Range:

10. Mean:

Extra Practice 4A 85

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 Name:    Date:   

Find the median, mode, range, and mean of the set of data.

35 yd, 38 yd, 30 yd, 38 yd, 34 yd

11. Order the distances from the least to the greatest:

12. Median:

13. Mode:

14. Range:

15. Mean:

Find the range, mode, median, and mean.

The table shows the time it takes a group of students to travel to school.

Travel Time
Travel Time
10 15 20 25 30
(minutes)
Number
1 3 2 1 2
of Students

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

16. The range of the travel times is minutes.

17. The mode of the travel times is minutes.

18. The median travel time is minutes.

19. The mean travel time is minutes.

86 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.2

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 Name:    Date:   

Use the line plot to complete the table.

The line plot shows the number of goals scored by each player
in a soccer competition. Each ✗ represents one player.
✗
✗✗
✗✗ ✗
✗ ✗✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✗
✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✗ ✗✗
✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✗ ✗✗ ✗
✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✗✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗0 ✗1 ✗ 2
✗ 4
Goals Scored
✗ 5
✗ 6

0 1 2 4 5 6
Goals Scored

20. Goals Scored

Number
0 1 2 4 5 6
of Goals
Number
5
of Players
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

Complete. Use the data in the line plot or the table.

21. players were in the soccer competition.

22. The median number of goals scored is .

23. The mode of the set of data is .

24. The total number of goals scored is .

Extra Practice 4A 87

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 Name:    Date:   

Fill in the blanks. Use the data in the line plot.

The line plot shows the points scored by students in a test.

Each ✗ represents one student.
✗
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ 20 23 24 25
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Students’ Test Scores
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
0 1 2 4 5 6
Goals Scored
25. students took the test.

26. The mode of the set of data is .

27. The median of the set of data is .

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

28. The range of the set of data is .

29. The total number of points scored is .

30. The mean of the set of data is .

88 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.2

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 Name:    Date:   

Make a line plot to show the data in the table.

The table shows the foot length, in centimeters, of a group of students.

Foot Length
Length
14 16 18 20 22
(cm)
Number
3 2 2 4 1
of Students

31. Make each ✗ represent one student.

✗
✗
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ Foot✗Length (cm)

✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Complete. Use the data in your line plot.
0 1 2 4 5 6
32. There are Goals Scored
students.
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

33. The median of the set of data is centimeters.

34. The mode of the set of data is centimeters.

35. The range of the set of data is centimeters.

Extra Practice 4A 89

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 Name:    Date:   

Make a line plot to show the data in the table.

The school uses 8 buses. The table shows the number of students on each bus.

Number of Students on Each Bus

Number of Students 6 7 8

Number of Buses 3 2 3

36. Make each ✗ represent one student.

✗
✗
✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗ ✗ 6✗ ✗ ✗7 8
✗ ✗ Number
✗ of
✗ ✗ Students on
✗ Each Bus
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Complete. Use the data in your line plot.
0 1 2 4 5 6
Goals Scored
37. The median of the set of data is .

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

38. The mode of the set of data is .

39. The range of the set of data is .

40. Find the mean number of students who are on each bus.

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Lesson 5.3  Stem-and-Leaf Plots

Complete. Use the data in the stem-and-leaf plot.

The stem-and-leaf plot shows the time taken by 10 students to play

the same video game.

Video Game Times (min)

Stem Leaves
2 8
3 0 0 0 5 5 8
4 0 5
5 9
2 | 8 5 28

1. The median, the middle time, is minutes.

2. The mode, the most frequent time, is minutes.

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

3. The range of the times is minutes.

4. The outlier, the time farthest from the others, is minutes.

Extra Practice 4A 91

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 Name:    Date:   

Complete. Use the data in the stem-and-leaf plot.

The stem-and-leaf plot shows the heights of 8 children.

Heights of Children (in.)

Stem Leaves
2 4
3 0 3 4
4 2 5 5
5 9
2 | 4 5 24

5. The modal height is inches.

6. The median height is inches.

7. The range of the heights is inches.

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

8. The outlier is inches.

9. The mean height is inches.

92 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.3

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 Name:    Date:   

Complete. Use the data in the stem-and-leaf plot.

Nine motorists were surveyed to find the amount of money they spend every
month on gas.

Amount Spent on Gas ($)

Stem Leaves
20 5
26 4 8
27 5 5 6
28 4
29 2
30 9
20 | 5 5 205

10. The median of the set of data is $  .

11. The mode of the set of data is $  .

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

12. The range of the set of data is $  .

13. The outlier of the set of data is $  .

14. The mean of the set of data is $  .

Extra Practice 4A 93

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 Name:    Date:   

Make a stem-and-leaf plot to show the data.

The data shows the number of dogs walked by a pet service in 9 days.
10, 25, 32, 25, 27, 33, 26, 28, 28

15.
Number of Dogs Walked
Stem Leaves

| 5

Complete. Use the data in the stem-and-leaf plot.

16. The modes of the set of data are and .

17. The median of the set of data is .

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

18. The range of the set of data is .

19. The average of the set of data is .

20. The number of dogs walked was less than 30 on days.

94 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.3

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Lesson 5.4  Outcomes

Complete. Write more likely, less likely, certain, impossible,
or equally likely.

6 1

5 2

4 3

1. It is that the spinner will land on 6.

2. It is that the spinner will land on a number from 1 to 6.

3. It is that the spinner will land on a number less than 5.

4. It is that the spinner will land on 8.

5. It is that the spinner will land on an even or an odd number.

Write more likely, less likely, certain, impossible, or equally likely

for each of these statements.
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

6. I will go to college.

7. I will grow 5 inches this week.

8. My father is older than me.

9. A coin will land on heads when it is tossed.

10. A coin will land on heads or tails when it is tossed.

Extra Practice 4A 95

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 Name:    Date:   

Write the number of possible outcomes.

8 1
7 2
6 3
5 4
     

11. There are possible outcomes when a coin is tossed.

12. There are possible outcomes when the cube is tossed.

13. The spinner has possible outcomes.

Study the data in the table. Write more likely, less likely, certain,
impossible, or equally likely to describe each outcome.

Number of Caps in Three Boxes

Color of Caps Box A Box B Box C
Orange 9 0 6
Purple 3 8 6
Red 3 6 4

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

14. A purple cap is drawn from Box A.

15. An orange cap is drawn from Box B.

16. An orange or purple cap is drawn from Box C.

17. A green cap is drawn from Box C.

96 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.4

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 Name:    Date:   

Lesson 5.5  Probability as a Fraction

Find the probability as a fraction in simplest form.

1. Aleesha spins the spinner once. She wants to land on a number greater
than 4. What is the probability of a favorable outcome?

1
6 2
5 3
4

a. There are favorable outcomes.

b. There are possible outcomes.

c. Probability of a favorable outcome 5  

Aleesha spins the spinner again.

2. What is the probability that the spinner will land on 4?

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

3. What is the probability that the spinner will land on an even number?

4. What is the probability that the spinner will land on a number less than 5?

5. What is the probability that the spinner will land on a number less than 7?

Extra Practice 4A 97

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 Name:    Date:   

Find the probability of each outcome on the number line.

Write each probability as a fraction in simplest form.
Then describe the outcome as more likely, less likely, certain, impossible,
or equally likely.

0 1

A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 blue balls, 2 green balls, and 1 yellow ball.
Find the probability of drawing

6. a yellow ball:

It is that a yellow ball will be drawn from the bag.

7. a green ball:

It is that a green ball will be drawn from the bag.

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

8. a yellow ball or a green ball:

It is that a yellow or a green ball will be drawn

from the bag.

9. a green ball, a red ball, or a blue ball:

It is that a green, red, or a blue ball will be drawn

from the bag.
98 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.5

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 Name:    Date:   

Find the probability as a fraction in simplest form.

A set of 12 cards is numbered from 1 to 12.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Find the probability of drawing

10. a card greater than 7:

11. an odd number:

12. a card less than 10:

13. an even number:

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

14. a 1-digit number:

15. a 2-digit number:

Extra Practice 4A 99

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 Name:    Date:   

Draw.

A spinner has 8 equal parts. Four of the parts are green, 2 of the parts are purple,
and the last 2 parts are blue and red.

16. Draw the spinner with the correct colored parts.

Find the probability as a fraction in simplest form.

Find the probability of landing on

17. purple:

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18. green:

19. blue or red:

20. yellow:

100 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.5

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 Name:    Date:   

Lesson 5.6 Real-World Problems:

Data and Probability
Solve. Show your work.

1. In a basketball game, Miguel, Tony, Jason, and Finch scored an average

of 16 points. Jason scored 20 points and Finch scored 8 points.
How many points did Miguel and Tony score altogether?

2. Three dolphins are born at a zoo. The total weight of the baby dolphins
is 196 pounds. The first baby dolphin weighs 88 pounds. What is the
mean weight of the other two dolphins?
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

Extra Practice 4A 101

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 Name:    Date:   

3. Adrian, Dakota, and Calvin made an average of 52 snacks. Adrian and

Dakota made an average of 61 snacks. Dakota and Calvin made
an average of 44 snacks. How many snacks did each of them make?

4. A group of 100 students took a quiz. Their average score was 76 points.
If the average score for the boys was 80 points and the average score
for the girls was 70 points, how many girls participated in the quiz?

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 Name:    Date:   

Use the data to complete the table and the line plot.

5. Complete the table with the number of letters in each name.

Number of Letters
Name Number of Letters
Jessica
Brenda
Carl
Fiona
Jeremy
Barry
Nicole
Zoe
Ann

a. Make a line plot to show the data.

3 4 5 6 7
Number of Letters
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

b. Find the mode.

c. Find the range.

d. Find the mean.

e. Ann forgot to add her full name, Annemarie, to the set of data.
Does this change the mode, range, or mean?

Extra Practice 4A 103

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 Name:    Date:   

Solve. Use the data in the stem-and-leaf plot. Show your work.

The data shows the scores from a bowling tournament.

Bowling Scores
Stem Leaves
4 6
5 4
6 3
7
8 1 7 7
9 2 8
4 | 6 5 46

6. What is the modal score?

7. What is the median score?

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

8. What is the range of the scores?

9. What is the mean score?

10. Another player joins the tournament. The new mean score is 76.
What is the new player’s score?

104 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.6

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 Name:    Date:   

11. There are 20 students in a classroom. If students leave randomly, the

3
probability that the first student to leave the classroom is a girl is ​ _
5 ​.
How many girls are there?

12. A bag contains 3 red crayons, 2 blue crayons, 4 yellow crayons, and
3 green crayons. A crayon is drawn from the bag.
a. Find the probability that the crayon is a yellow crayon.
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

b. Find the probability that the crayon is a red or a green crayon.

Extra Practice 4A 105

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 Name:    Date:   

13. A parking lot has 20 vehicles in it. There are 8 cars, 4 buses, 6 motorcycles,
and 2 vans. The first vehicle that leaves the parking lot is a car.
If vehicles leave randomly, what is the probability that the second vehicle to
leave is a bus?

14. The mean of Susan’s math and science scores is 74 points. The mean
of her math and English scores is 83 points. How many more points did
Susan score in English than in science?

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106 Chapter 5  Lesson 5.6

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 Name:    Date:   

Put On Your Thinking Cap!

1. Mr. Peterson sells an average of 147 newspapers on each weekday, and
an average of 217 newspapers on each day of the weekend. What is the
average number of newspapers Mr. Peterson is able to sell on each day of
the week?

2. Pauline scores an average of 78 points on three tests. How many points

will Pauline need to score on her next test to raise her average score to
82 points?
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Extra Practice 4A 107

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 Name:    Date:   

3. Box B contains _​ 12 ​as many paper clips as Box A. Box C contains ​ _
2
3 ​as many
paper clips as Box B. The average number of paper clips in each box is 88.
How many paper clips are in Box A?

4. Mr. Clarkson and Ms. Rose had an average of $180. After Mr. Clarkson
spent $73 and Ms. Rose received $38 from her father, Mr. Clarkson had
1
​ _
4 ​as much money as Ms. Rose. How much money did each have at first?

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

108 Chapter 5  Put On Your Thinking Cap!

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 Name:    Date:   

5. Tracy, Joyce, Mark, and Sarah collect key chains. They have an average
of 68 key chains. Tracy has 78 key chains. Joyce has half as many key chains
as Mark. Sarah has 28 fewer key chains than the total number of key chains
that Joyce and Mark have. How many key chains does Mark have?

6. A group of students calculated their average score at a spelling bee.

They realized that if one of them scored 9 more points, their average score
would be 81 points. If one of them scored 3 points less, their average score
would be 78 points. How many students were in the group?
© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

Extra Practice 4A 109

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 Name:    Date:   

7. The mean height of Jason, Peter, and Edward is 145 centimeters. Jason is
7 centimeters taller than Peter. Peter is 10 centimeters taller than Edward.
What is each boy’s height?

© Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited.

110 Chapter 5  Put On Your Thinking Cap!

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