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Effect

This document discusses the difference between the noun "effect" and the verb "affect" and provides examples of their usage. It also outlines common words and phrases used to express cause and effect in English, such as "due to", "because of", "as a result of", "because", and "since". These signal words or phrases are usually followed by either a noun to indicate the cause or a subject and verb to indicate the cause. Several examples are given to illustrate how to structure sentences to clearly show the cause and subsequent effect.

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Maulana Tri Wijayanti
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244 views9 pages

Effect

This document discusses the difference between the noun "effect" and the verb "affect" and provides examples of their usage. It also outlines common words and phrases used to express cause and effect in English, such as "due to", "because of", "as a result of", "because", and "since". These signal words or phrases are usually followed by either a noun to indicate the cause or a subject and verb to indicate the cause. Several examples are given to illustrate how to structure sentences to clearly show the cause and subsequent effect.

Uploaded by

Maulana Tri Wijayanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Effect

(noun) a change that is a result of an action or cause

 The snowstorm had an effect on his mood.

Affect

When effect is used as a verb, it is usually spelled with an a =


affect.

(verb) to produce an effect; to cause a change in something.


 The snowstorm affected his mood.

Talking about causes and effects in English

To express cause and effect in English, we us certain words and phrases.

 due to

 because of

 owing to

 thanks to

 as a consequence of

 as a result of

 because

 since

 as

 for

To express cause and effect, these words or phrases will either be followed by a noun or a verb.

Followed by a noun
These cause/effect phrases are followed by a noun or noun phrase.

 due to

 because of

 owing to

 as a consequence of

 as a result of

 thanks to

In the following examples, the noun or noun phrase will be underlined.

The cause always comes after the cause/effect signal word or phrase.

Signal word/phrase + Cause, + Effect

Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

Examples:

1. Due to John's laziness, he did not pass the English test.

 Signal phrase: Due to

 Cause: John's laziness

 Effect: He did not pass the test


2. He failed the test because of his bad study habits.

 Signal phrase: Because of

 Cause: His bad study habits

 Effect: He failed the test

3. As a result of the rain, we canceled the picnic.

 Signal phrase: As a result of

 Cause: The rain

 Effect: We canceled the picnic


4. David could not attend owing to his illness.

 Signal phrase: Owing to

 Cause: David's illness

 Effect: David could not attend

5. He was fired as a consequence of tardiness (being late).

 Signal phrase: As a consequence of

 Cause: Tardiness

 Effect: He was fired


Followed by a verb

These cause/effect signal words are followed by a subject + verb or verb phrase.

 because

 since

 as

 for

In these examples, the subject + verb or verb phrase is underlined.


The cause comes after the cause/effect signal word or phrase.

Signal word/phrase + Cause, + Effect


Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

Examples:

1. Because John was lazy, he did not pass the English test.

 Signal word: Because

 Cause: John was lazy

 Effect: He did not pass the test


2. He failed the test because he did not study well.

 Signal word: Because

 Cause: He did not study well

 Effect: He failed the test

3. The picnic was canceled since the rain was coming.

 Signal word: Since

 Cause: The rain was coming

 Effect: The picnic was canceled


4. David could not attend for he was ill.

 Signal word: For

 Cause: David was ill

 Effect: David could not attend

5. As he arrived late to work, he will be fired.

 Signal word: As

 Cause: He arrived
 Effect: He will be fired

Practice cause and effect signal words and phrases with these
activities: Hands-on Activities for Teaching English.

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