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Engineering Methodology of Coordination Studies

It might easier to demonstrate proper time-current coordination by first describing what constitutes
poor time-current coordination. Poor electrical system coordination occurs when neither the branch-
nor the up stream feeder-circuit protective devices trip, resulting in electrical apparatus damage; and
when both protective devices trip after sensing a short-circuit on the load side of the branch circuit
protective device, thus isolating the entire feeder circuit and resulting in system outage in a wide area.
The properly coordinated system would ensure that the only the branch circuit protective device trips,
thus isolating only the branch circuit.

Preparing for Coordination

Device coordination cannot be reduced to a standardized procedure; rather, it requires the engineer’s
judgment based on numerous factors. However, certain preparatory steps should be taken, as
discussed in the IEEE Buff Book, IEEE Standard 242:
1. Build a one-line diagram and define the electrical characteristics of each component.

2. Perform a system load flow and short-circuit study. This provides you with the continuous and short-circuit currents typical of your system.

3. Gather the manufacturers’ published time/current characteristics, in the form of time/current plots, for each protective device in the system, or
at least in the branches to be coordinated.

Achieving Proper Coordination

When these preliminary steps have been taken, you are now ready to perform the coordination study.
If you are performing the coordination study by hand, you need to plot on pre-printed log-log paper
the fixed points associated with the system, such as transformer and motor full load currents and
available short circuit currents. Once you plot these fixed points, you then must plot the transformer
damage and motor starting curves. Usually you will know key time and current data points about
these devices, so you may use a straight or curved line to connect the key data points. Transformers
make the coordination process more complex in that all devices must be plotted relative to a single
voltage level. Thus device current values at one voltage level must be plotted at a different voltage
level, based on the transformer turns ratio. While working on a light table or against an open window,
you line up key grid coordinates, and trace the manufacturer’s TCC curve characteristics onto the pre-
printed log-log paper.

You achieve proper coordination by placing the protective devices on the grid to allow the full load
currents to flow but not damage the electrical apparatus. For example, a protective device on the
primary of a transformer must operate to protect the transformer from thermal and mechanical
damage, but allow the characteristic transformer inrush currents to flow. Thus, this protective device
must be plotted to lay to the left and below the transformer thermal and mechanical damage curve, but
to the right of the inrush current point.

____________________

See also

Introduction to CAPTOR TCC Study

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Introduction to CAPTOR and the TCC Drawing

The CAPTOR (Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting) Study module plots the
time-current coordination (TCC) characteristics of electrical component to ensure that they protect
electrical apparatus from damaging overload and short-circuit currents. The engineering procedure
remains the same: you still place motor lock rotor starting curves, thermal and mechanical damage
curves (for cables and transformers), and generator performance curves upon a log-log grid, and then
plot protective device TCC curves based on manufacturer specifications along with the starting and
damage curves; however, you use PTW instead of a light table. Think of it as an electronic light table,
but with complete functionality.

TCC Drawing

You use the TCC Drawing dialog box to run coordination Studies. This dialog box has two parts to it.
The left half of the dialog box displays data about the active component or protective device in the
form of tab pages. Like the Component Editor, you may only view one component or protective
device's data at a time. The right half of the dialog box displays all the curves within the TCC
Drawing. Like the One-Line Diagram, you do not have to display all the components and protective
devices in the Project, but only specific ones. Also like One-Line Diagrams, multiple TCC Drawings
may represent a single Project. You might have three different TCC Drawings open, each showing the
same protective device PD-0001. When you change PD-0001's data, the change will be reflected in all
three TCC Drawings, since all three represent the same Project.

Dialog Box Options:

TCC Device List box

This box lists the components in the TCC Drawing (that is, the components that you are
coordinating). The box also controls which component is the active component, as the active
component's data appears in the tab pages. The active component is that which appears in the box. To
make another component the active component, select it from the list.

Header Bar

To the right of the TCC Device List is the Header Bar, which displays the Library data assigned to the
active protective device. This area will initially appear blank, until you assign data to the device.

Tab Pages

The tab pages display data for the active component. There are three tab pages for any given
component or protective device. For help on a specific tab page in the TCC Drawing, use the Context
Sensitive Help pointer to click on the tab page.

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1) Cable, 2-Winding Displays identification and

Transformer, system data for the component.
Generator, Motor, or
Device (Name varies
with component)

2) Damage Curve, Displays all data related to the

Starting Curve, or component curve. Anytime data
Setting (Name varies is changed on this page, you
with component) must choose the Redraw
command to reflect the change
on the TCC Drawing.

3) Datablock Displays datablocks for the

component.
The tab pages work dynamically with the TCC Drawing as you coordinate components. Any changes
made directly to the Drawing will be reflected in the tab pages, and any changes made in the tab
pages (provided you choose the Redraw button) will be reflected on the Drawing.

TCC Drawing

The TCC Drawing displays the curves for the components and protective devices in the TCC
Drawing. The TCC Drawing works much like a One-Line Diagram with regard to zooming and
scrolling (except the Aerial View command, which is not applicable).

To create more room for coordination, you may want to toggle the Fixed Aspect Ratio off and then
drag the right border of the TCC Drawing viewport. By toggling it off, you will have more screen
area to use for coordination. Remember, however, that a true log-log representation of the
coordination Study is only achieved when the fixed aspect ratio is toggled on.

Using the Protective Device Library

2.1 General Library Usage

2.1.1 Editing an Existing Device

2.1.2 Adding a New Device

2.1.3 Copying an Existing Device

2.2 Segment Methodology

2.2.1 Fuse Curve segment type

2.2.2 Time-Current Points segment type

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2.2.3 Opening and Clearing Curve segment type

2.2.4 Time-Current Points with Multiple Curves segment type

2.2.5 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type

2.2.6 Pickup with Current Settings in Per Unit segment type

2.2.7 IEC LTPU segment type

2.2.8 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve segment type

2.2.9 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Bands segment type

2.2.10 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Adj. Tol. & Open-Clear Curve segment type

2.2.11 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band segment type

Using Fillet Radius

2.2.12 Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Settings in Seconds segment type

2.2.13 Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in Sec. segment type

2.2.14 (I^2-T)+Horizontal Delay with Open-Clear Time in Seconds segment type

2.2.15 T= AD/ (I/Ipu) ^N - C) + BD + K segment type

2.2.16 T= SM (A+B (I/Ipu -C) + D/(I/Ipu - C)^2 + E/(I/Ipu -C)^3) segment type

2.2.17 Fix Time Horizontal Line segment type

2.3 Using Functions

2.3.1 Functions Using CT Ratio

2.3.2 Functions Based on LTPU

2.3.3 Functions of the Pickup-with-Curve segments

2.4 Other Modeling Options

2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button

2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent

2.4.4 Modeling Curved Portions of Segments

2.5 Low-Voltage Breaker Examples

2.5.1 Static Trip

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Entering Static Trip Segments

2.5.2 Ground Fault

Entering Ground Fault Segments

2.5.3 Thermal Magnetic Molded Case

Entering Thermal Magnetic Molded Case Segments

2.5.4 Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Segments

Entering Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Segments

2.6 Motor Protective Device Examples

2.6.1 Motor Circuit Protector

Entering Motor Circuit Protector Segments

2.6.2 Motor Overload

Entering Motor Overload Segments

2.6.3 Static Motor Protector

Entering Motor Overload Segments

2.6.4 SEL Motor Relay (Overload)

2.6.5 SQUARE D Motor Relay (Overload)

2.7 Fuse Examples

Entering Fuse Curve Segments

2.8 Relay Examples

2.8.1 Electro Mechanical Relay

Entering Electro Mechanical Relay Segments

2.8.2 Electronic

Entering Electronic Relay Segments

2.8.3 IEC Type

2.9 HV/MV Breaker Examples

2.9.1 With Sensor Integral

2.9.2 Without Sensor Integral

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3.0 Specialty Device Examples

3.0.1 Recloser

Entering Recloser Segments

3.0.2 Specialty Device

3.1 Switches
3.1.1 No-load Break switch

3.1.2 Load-Break

3.1.3 Line Sectionalizer

3.1.4 Automatic Transfer Switch

2.1 General Library Usage

PTW allows you to edit existing devices in, and add new devices to, the Protective Device Library. A
working knowledge of the CAPTOR Library structure and knowledge about the specific protective
devices are required to modify the Library. Learning about the CAPTOR Library structure requires
fairly intensive effort; however, we recommend your doing so, because the more time you spend
tailoring the Library, the better it will serve your needs in the future. Think of the Protective Device
Library as a replacement for the "paper library" of TCC curves you may have amassed over the years.
Because it is in electronic form, it is easier to maintain and organize.

Important: Before making any changes to the Protective Device Library you should make a backup
copy of it; that way, if you regret any changes you made to manufacturer data you can recover the
original data. In addition, you should always make a backup copy of the Protective Device Library
you have customized. If the customized Library is lost or accidentally deleted, a current backup will
allow you to recover the lost data.

To make a backup copy of the Protective Device Library

1. (Be sure that PTW is not running). Using the Windows Explorer, copy the ptw.lib file, which is the Protective Device Library, from the ptw32
\lib folder to a temporary folder.

2. Rename the ptw.lib file while maintaining the .lib extension (for example, mydevice.lib).

3. Move the backup copy back to the ptw32\lib folder. When you make a backup copy of the Library you may store it in the same folder as your
current Library. In fact, unlike projects, numerous Libraries (with unique names) may all be stored within a single folder.

To make changes to a device category, you need to open that category. The Select a Device dialog
box provides a way to peer into the Library to select device characteristics. However, it does not
constitute an open Library. Use the Library command to open the Protective Device Library. Once the
Library is open, you may open the category type which you want to modify.

Tip: To narrow your search for protective devices (for example, to find all Westinghouse devices, or
to find all 600 V rated devices), you may run a query while the Library is open. (Select the Query
command from the Run menu). Be sure that the correct category you want to query is selected in the
category hierarchy tree. For example, if ptw.lib is selected, the whole Library will be queried; if

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Fuses is selected, both the Low-Voltage and High-Voltage sub-categories will be queried; and if
Low-Voltage is selected, then only the Low-Voltage subcategory will be queried.

2.1.1 Editing an Existing Device

When you see the list of devices, you may select a device for editing.

To edit an existing protective device

1. Select the device by clicking on it, then choose Edit from the Device menu. (You may also double-click on the device name.)

Once you have selected a device for editing, a set of tab pages containing the device's data will
appear.

Note: When entering fractions in the CAPTOR Library, if you want to enter a fraction with a leading
integer (for example, 1 1/3) you can enter it directly. However, if there is no leading integer (for
example, 2/3), be sure to precede the fraction by a zero and a space (as in 0 2/3).

2.1.2 Adding a New Device

You may also add a new device to the category.

To add a new protective device

1. Choose New from the Device menu. A new device with a generic name appears at the bottom of the device list.

Follow the directions listed in Section 2.1.1 Editing an Existing Device.

2.1.3 Copying an Existing Device

To copy an existing device

1. Select an existing device's name (do not double-click on it, or the device's data tab pages will open).

2. Choose Copy from the Device menu.

3. Choose Paste from the Device menu. The copied device will appear at the bottom of the device list.

Follow the directions listed in Section 2.1.1 Editing an Existing Device.

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Tip: If you want to copy a device from one Protective Device Library to another, you may do so
using these commands. Just copy the device from the source Library, switch to the destination
Library, and choose Paste. (Be sure both Libraries are open.)

2.2 Segment Methodology

Important: Manufacturers may provide information on the time-current coordination curves, and
additional information in their operations and maintenance technical manual. You must consult both
publications to accurately model a protective device. Additionally, CAPTOR's flexibility allows use
to use different segment types interchangeably for the same protective device. Therefore, there is no
single correct method for modeling protective devices. We recommend you adhere to the given
examples when possible, as they do provide a useable way to model.

All devices in the library are modeled using segments. For example, a typical static trip device would
be modeled with five segments: LTPU, LTD, STPU, STD, and Instantaneous. Likewise, an electro-
mechanical relay would be modeled with three segments: Tap block, Time Dial, and Instantaneous.
However, when you enter the devices into the Library, these segment names are user-definable, and
only represent a segment type which you assign to that segment name. Thus, there is a significant
difference between the segment name and the segment type.

The segment name, like a component name, is merely a user-definable label that has nothing to do
with PTW's calculations. By contrast, the segment type, like a component type, controls PTW's
calculations. For example, you could name a transformer component "Copper Cable." While the name
"Copper Cable" identifies that transformer erroneously, the misnomer is only a visual nuisance; PTW
still knows that component is a transformer (as evidenced by the component's correct transformer
symbol) in all its calculations and Studies.

The same is true of segments. When you assign a segment to a protective device in the TCC Drawing,
you are just picking the segment name, which merely represents the segment type. Rather, the
segment type identifies the mathematical properties and behavior of the segment.

For example, when you assign segment names such as LTPU (Long Time Pick Up) or STD (Short
Time Delay) to a protective device, you are merely picking labels which represent a segment type. In
the case of LTPU, it is actually segment type Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit that
makes the segment vertical. In the case of STD, it is actually segment type Delay Band (I ^ Slope -
T) with Open-Clear Time in Seconds that makes the segment angle down with a negative slope.

In fact, you could rename the segments "Segment 1," "Segment 2," and so on, but as long as you
assign the proper segment type to the segment name, the segment will behave as you expect it to on
the TCC Drawing. You may also have multiple segments of a type, as when an electro-mechanical
relay has three different tapblocks: Tapblock (Low), Tapblock (Medium), and Tapblock (High).

These are the segment types:

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1. Fuse Curve

2. Time-Current Points

3. Opening and Clearing Curve

4. Time-Current Points with Multiple Curves

5. Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit

6. Pickup with Current Settings in Per Unit

7. IEC LTPU

8. Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve

9. Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Adj. Tolerance & Open-Clear Curve

10. Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Bands

11. Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band

12. Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Settings in Seconds

13. Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in Seconds

14. (I^2-T)-Horizontal Delay with Open-Clear Time in Seconds

15. T= AD/ (I/Ipu) ^N - C) + BD + K

16. T= SM (A+B (I/Ipu -C) + D/(I/Ipu - C)^2 + E/(I/Ipu -C)^3)

17. Fix Time Horizontal Line

Not all segments are available for all protective devices. As shown in the following list, each type of
device allows certain segments.

LV Breakers

static trip 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17

ground fault 3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17

thermal magnetic molded case 3, 8, 9, 11

power circuit 10, 11

Motors

motor circuit protector 8, 11

motor overload 3

static motor protector 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, 17

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Fuses

low voltage 1

high voltage 1

Relays

electro mechanical 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, 17

electronic 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, 17

IEC type 2, 4, 5, 7, 12, 15, 16, 17

HV/MV Breakers

with sensor integral 3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 17

without sensor integral (none)

Specialty Devices

recloser 2, 5

specialty device 2

The following sections illustrate the functions of each segment type.

2.2.1 Fuse Curve segment type

This segment type models the segment using selected points. You supply the points' locations using
their location on the graph in amperes (X axis) and seconds (Y axis). You must select points carefully,
as CAPTOR models the segment's curvature based on them. See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved
Portions of Segmentsfor an explanation of how CAPTOR draws segments based on points.

Since this segment follows the points you select, it will follow whatever path you supply, be it
horizontal, vertical, or (more typically) curving down in an inverse time-current relationship. If you
supply points for the opening and the clearing curves, CAPTOR will fill in the space between them;
otherwise, if you only supply the opening points, a single line will be plotted.

For each cartridge size you supply one set of points which define that curve's shape. For that cartridge
size you may also supply multiple trip sizes, which will use that curve's shape but will be plotted at a
smaller current level. (The largest trip size uses the literal location of the points you supply, while the
smaller trip sizes determine their amperes (X axis) points based on the ratio of the largest trip size to
the smaller trip size. Therefore, the fuse curve is a function of the trip size.)

Available for Function

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Fuses
low voltage none
high voltage none

2.2.2 Time-Current Points segment type

This segment type resembles the Fuse Curve segment type in that CAPTOR models it using selected
points. See Section 2.2.1 Fuse Curve segment type. It differs from the Fuse Curve segment type in
two ways: it does not allow a tolerance band (only a single line will be plotted), and the segment
shifts left or right based on the function type you assign to it. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box.

Available for Function

Motors
static motor protector setting*full load amps
Relays
electro mechanical tap*CT ratio

tap*primary amps

tap*LTPU amps
electronic tap*CT ratio

tap*primary amps

tap*LTPU amps
IEC type tap*CT ratio

tap*primary amps

tap*LTPU amps
Specialty Devices
recloser setting*trip

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LPTU amps
specialty device current*full load amps

current entered in amps

2.2.3 Opening and Clearing Curve segment type

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This segment type resembles the Fuse Curve segment type in that CAPTOR models it using selected
points. See Section 2.2.1 Fuse Curve segment type. Its differs from the Fuse Curve segment type in
one way: the segment shifts left or right based on the function type you assign to it. See Section 2.3
Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box.

Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LPTU amps
ground fault setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LPTU amps
thermal magnetic molded current*trip
case
current*frame

setting in amps

current entered in
amps
Motors
motor overload current*full load amps
HV/MV Breakers
with sensor integral setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LPTU amps

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2.2.4 Time-Current Points with Multiple Curves segment type

This segment models a single line that is vertically adjustable. You only chose one set of amperes (X
axis) points, which are fixedthey determine the distance between the leftmost and rightmost points
of the line. You must choose a set of seconds (Y axis) points for each of the segment's settings. Since
the line for each setting follows the points you select, it follows whatever path you supply, be it
horizontal, vertical, or angular, although typically the line will slope down and to the right, either
straight or curved. See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved Portions of Segmentsfor an explanation of how
CAPTOR draws segments based on points. The Dial Value and Dial Desc cells are user-definable
descriptions; they are not used in PTW's calculations. The Dial Desc names are used when the Dial
Settings option button is set to Discrete, and the Dial Value names are used when the Dial Settings
option button is set to Continuous.

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

Motors
static motor protector current*full load amps
Relays
electro mechanical current*primary amps

current*CT ratio

current*LTPU amps

current entered in amps

electronic current*primary amps

current*CT ratio

current*LTPU amps

current entered in amps

IEC type current*primary amps

current*CT ratio

current*LTPU amps

current entered in amps

2.2.5 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type

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This segment type models a vertical segment with or without a tolerance band. You specify the
amperes (X axis) values, which determine the location of the segment (the Desc cells are user-
definable descriptions; they are not used in PTW's calculations.) You may also specify a tolerance in
pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information.

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. Also, for relays which are set as a function of the CT Ratio, a secondary current must also
be entered. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps
ground fault setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps
Motors
static motor setting*full load amps
protector
Relays
electro mechanical tap*CT ratio

tap*primary amps

tap*LTPU amps
electronic tap*CT ratio

tap*primary amps

tap*LTPU amps
IEC type tap*CT ratio

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tap*primary amps

tap*LTPU amps
HV/MV Breakers
with sensor integral setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps
Specialty Devices
recloser setting*trip

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps

2.2.6 Pickup with Current Settings in Per Unit segment type

This segment works exactly like the Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type
(see Section 2.2.5 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type) except that you
specify the pickup settings and separate current settings. This changes the location of the segment
because, as shown in the following table of functions, CAPTOR uses the product of the pickup setting
and the current setting as the plotting points.

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip pickup setting*current
setting*sensor

pickup
setting*currentsetting*frame

pickup setting*current
setting*plug

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2.2.7 IEC LTPU segment type

This segment works exactly like the Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type
(see Section 2.2.5 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type) except that you also
specify a single Secondary Current value, a single Rated Current value, and a single K Factor value.
These supplemental values change the segment's location because, as shown in the following table,
this segment's function uses the values in plotting the segment. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

Relays
IEC type plug*rated current*CT ratio*K

2.2.8 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve segment type

This segment type combines a vertical segment (with or without a tolerance band) with a downward-
sloping line (with or without a clearing curve). Data entry for the vertical portion of the segment
works exactly like the Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type (see Section
2.2.5 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type) Data entry for the downward-
sloping portion of the curve works exactly like the Opening and Clearing Curve segment (see
Section 2.2.3 Opening and Clearing Curve segment type)

There are two functions to select: one for the pickup portion and one for the curved portion. See
Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Pickup Function Curve Function

LV Breakers
static trip setting*sensor fixed

setting*plug normalized and track pickup

setting*frame current entered in amps

setting in amps

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setting*LPTU amps

setting*short time rating

ground fault setting*sensor fixed

setting*plug normalized and track pickup

setting*frame current entered in amps

setting in amps

setting*LPTU amps
thermal current*trip fixed
magnetic
molded case current*frame normalized and track pickup

setting in amps current entered in amps

current*LTPU amps
Motors
motor circuit tap in amps fixed
protector
normalized and track pickup

current entered in amps

HV/MV
Breakers
with sensor setting*sensor fixed
integral
setting*plug normalized and track pickup

setting*frame current entered in amps

setting in amps

setting*LPTU amps

2.2.9 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Bands segment type

This segment type works exactly like the Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve segment
type (see Section 2.2.8 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve segment type) except that you
may specify points for more than one curve portion, which makes the curved portion adjustable up or
down.

There are two functions to select: one for the pickup portion and one for the curved portion. See
Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the

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Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Pickup Function Curve Function

LV Breakers
power circuit setting*sensor fixed

setting*plug normalized and track pickup

setting*frame current entered in amps

setting*amps

setting*LTPU amps

setting*short time rating

2.2.10 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Adj. Tolerance & Open-Clear Curve segment

type

This segment type works exactly like the Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve segment
type (see Section 2.2.8 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Curve segment type) except that you
may specify a distinct tolerance for each setting, as opposed to applying a single tolerance percentage
to all the settings. Due to this, the width of the tolerance band changes with each setting.

There are two functions to select: one for the pickup portion and one for the curved portion. See
Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Pickup Function Curve Function

LV Breakers
thermal magnetic current*trip fixed
molded case
current*frame normalized and track pickup

setting in amps current entered in amps

current*LTPU amps

2.2.11 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band segment type

This segment type combines a vertical segment (with or without a tolerance band) with a horizontal
segment (with a fixed width). Data entry for the vertical portion of the segment works exactly like the

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Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type (see Section 2.2.5 Pickup (LT, ST,
INST) with Settings in Per Unit segment type) Data entry for the horizontal portion requires a single
opening and a single clearing time (in seconds). This horizontal portion does have a special feature
called fillet radius, for which you enter a single opening and a single clearing time. See Using Fillet
Radius, following.

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps

setting*short time
rating

setting*override rating
ground fault setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps
thermal magnetic molded current*trip
case
current*frame

setting in amps

current*LTPU amps
power circuit setting*sensor

setting*plug

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setting*frame

setting*amps

setting*LTPU amps

setting*short time
rating

setting*override rating
Motors
motor circuit protector tap in amps
HV/MV Breakers
with sensor integral setting*sensor

setting*plug

setting*frame

setting in amps

setting*LTPU amps

Using Fillet Radius

This feature allows you to model the rounded-off elements found on the horizontal band of some
protective devices. The Opening Time of the Fillet Radius controls the incurve of the opening time,
while the Clearing Time of the Fillet Radius actually adds an arced band to the clearing time. Refer to
the following pictures:

Opening and Clearing Opening Fillet Radius set

Fillet Radius set to 0 to .4

Clearing Fillet Radius set Opening and Clearing

to .4 Fillet Radius set to .4

2.2.12 Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Settings in Seconds segment type

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This segment type models a sloped segment with or without a tolerance band. For each setting you
specify a time (Y axis) in seconds, which determine the location of the segment (the Desc cells are
user-definable descriptions; they are not used in PTW's calculations.) You may also specify a
tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more
information.

You also need to enter a slope for the segment. To calculate the slope, just pick two points on the
segment, choose the Calculate button by the Slope box, and enter the points; PTW will calculate the
slope for you.

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps
ground fault 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps
Motors
static motor 6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU
protector Amps
Relays
electro mechanical 6.0 (or other multiplier)*CT
Ratio

6.0 (or other multiplier)*Primary

Amps

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps

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electronic 6.0 (or other multiplier)*CT

Ratio

6.0 (or other multiplier)*Primary

Amps

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps
IEC type 6.0 (or other multiplier)*CT
Ratio

6.0 (or other multiplier)*Primary

Amps

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps
HV/MV Breakers
with sensor integral 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps

2.2.13 Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in Seconds segment

type

This segment type works exactly like the Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Settings in Seconds (see
Section 2.2.12 Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Settings in Seconds segment type) segment type except
that you enter opening and clearing times (Y axis) in seconds for each setting, instead of entering a
single tolerance percentage for all the settings. Thus, each setting may have its own width of tolerance
band. In addition, the opening and the clearing may have their own slopes, instead of a single slope
for both. Calculate the opening slope by picking two points on the opening and using the Calculate
button just as you would for the Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Settings in Seconds segment type.
After that, calculate the clearing slope by picking two points on the clearing and using the Calculate
button.

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box.

Available for Function

LV Breakers

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static trip 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps
ground fault 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps
HV/MV
Breakers
with sensor 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor
integral
6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps

2.2.14 (I^2-T)+Horizontal Delay with Open-Clear Time in Seconds segment type

This segment combines a sloped and a horizontal segment into a single segment. This works well to
model a Short Time Delay (STD) segment combined with an segment. When the segment appears on
the TCC Drawing, it will initially appear with the segment set to In or Out based on your selection of
the Initially In or Initially Out option button.

You enter data for the portion of the segment just as you would for the Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with
Open-Clear Time in Seconds (see Section 2.2.13 Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in
Sec. segment type). For the horizontal portion you select an opening and a clearing time for each
setting. (The Desc cells are user-definable descriptions; they are not used in PTW's calculations.)

In addition to setting adjustments, this segment will shift to the left or right based on the function type
you select. See Section 2.3 Using Functions

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

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Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps

6.0 (or other multiplier)*1.0 Amp

ground fault 6.0 (or other multiplier)*sensor

6.0 (or other multiplier)*plug

6.0 (or other multiplier)*frame

6.0 (or other multiplier)*LTPU

Amps

2.2.15 T= AD/ (I/Ipu) ^N - C) + BD + K segment type

This segment plots a time curve governed by the listed equation, where T is time, D is the Dial
amount listed in the setting cell, and A, B, C, K, and N are the constants listed in their boxes. The
Desc cells are user-definable descriptions for the settings; PTW does not use these cells in its
calculations.

The static motor protector device allows a tolerance band; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance
Band in Percent for more information. The other protective devices will plot a single line.

The value in the Minimum Pickup box is a multiplier to determine at what point CAPTOR will begin
plotting the curve (CAPTOR multiplies the value in this box by the current to determine the Amperes
(X axis) point to start plotting). If you enter a value of 1.0, CAPTOR will plot the curve all the way to
the pickup. Typically manufacturers start plotting using a value of 1.05, so that if the pickup value is
10 A, the curve will be plotted beginning at , or 10.5 A.

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

Motors
static motor none
protector
Relays

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electro mechanical none

electronic none
IEC type none

2.2.16 T= SM (A+B (I/Ipu -C) + D/(I/Ipu - C)^2 + E/(I/Ipu -C)^3) segment type

This segment plots a time curve governed by the listed equation, where T is time, S is the Shifter
amount listed in the Shifter cell, M is the Multiplier amount listed in the Multiplier cell, and A, B, C,
D, and E are the constants listed in their boxes.

The static motor protector device allows this segment to have a tolerance band; see Section 2.4.3
Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. The other protective devices will plot a
single line.

The value in the Minimum Pickup box is a multiplier to determine at what point CAPTOR will begin
plotting the curve (CAPTOR multiplies the value in this box by the current to determine the Amperes
(X axis) point to start plotting). If you enter a value of 1.0, CAPTOR will plot the curve all the way to
the pickup. Typically manufacturers start plotting using a value of 1.05, so that if the pickup value is
10 A, the curve is plotted at , or 10.5 A.

See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

Motors
static motor none
protector
Relays
electro mechanical none
electronic none
IEC type none

2.2.17 Fix Time Horizontal Line segment type

This segment type models a horizontal segment only. You specify the seconds (Y axis) values, which
determine the location of the segment (the Desc cells are user-definable descriptions; they are not
used in PTW's calculations.)

The static trip, ground fault, and hv/mv breaker with sensor integral protective devices allow a
tolerance band; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. The
other protective devices will plot a single line.

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See Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box for information on the Initially Shown in TCC
check box. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for information on the
Discrete/Continuous option buttons.

Available for Function

LV Breakers
static trip none
ground fault none
Motors
static motor none
protector
Relays
electro mechanical none
electronic none
IEC type none
HV/MV Breakers
with sensor none
integral

2.3 Using Functions

Most of the segment types use a function of some kind. While some segment types use one function
that cannot be changed, most allow you to select a function. It is important that you understand how
functions work so that you will pick the correct one.

Important: A protective device's function(s) may not be immediately apparent. While it helps to
analyze the manufacturer data carefully, there simply may not be enough information in the available
material or catalog. If this is the case, you should contact the manufacturer directly to find out the
device's function(s).

The purpose of a function is to change the current level at which the segment will be plotted based on
the data it receives. In visual terms, a function literally moves the segment left or right depending on
the data it receives. This movement will occur in addition to any amperes (that is, left-right) or
seconds (that is, up-down) movement that you perform on a segment by adjusting its setting.

For example, when an LTPU segment type has a function of setting*sensor, the setting value you
enter will be multiplied by the sensor value to determine the actual pickup value where the LTPU will
be plotted. Therefore, if the setting value is 0.7, and the sensor value is 50.0, the LTPU will actually
plot at , or 35 amperes, not at the 0.7 amperes you entered in the Library; and if you change the sensor
value to 100.0, the segment will now move to or 70 amperes, even though you did not change the
setting of 0.7. If you instead set the LTPU as a function of setting*frame the segment will now move
left or right based on the selected frame size of the protective device.

Tip: If you want a pickup setting to plot using the exact values you have entered in the Library, you

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can use the setting in amps function. The segment will not move left or right because this is
essentially a "non-function," dependent only the setting values as they are entered.

Similarly, when an LTD segment type has a function of 6*sensor, the amperes (X axis) points will
change if you change the sensor value, thereby moving that LTD left or right, even though an LTD
will only move up or down when you adjust its setting. If you make the LTD a function of 6*frame,
the LTD will move left or right with the frame value.

Tip: Although most manufacturers provide data for static trip devices at a multiple of 6*, you may
find that 6* proves too difficult to use (that is, if it forces you to literally interpolate right off the
page). If so, you can type a lower value such as 3.

Most functions are self-explanatory, as their names are merely their mathematical function. However,
there are some functions that require further explanation.

2.3.1 Functions Using CT Ratio

Relays may be set as a function of the CT (current-transformer) ratio. When this function is chosen,
the pickup will be calculated using the secondary current that is typed in the Library, along with the
primary current which is typed in the TCC Drawing dialog box at the time of coordination.

2.3.2 Functions Based on LTPU

When a segment is set as a function of LTPU amps, it actually moves with the LTPU. Refer to this
example:

(Click here for example)

2.3.3 Functions of the Pickup-with-Curve segments

Those segments that combine a pickup portion with a curved portion actually have two functions that
you must select, one for each portion. The pickup portion's function works like those described earlier
in this section. The curved portion's function, however, determines how the curved portion of the
segment will move in relation to the pickup portion.

There are three function types for the curved portion: normalized and track pickup, fixed, and
current entered in amps. These functions determine how the curved portion will be drawn in
relation to the pickup portion when the pickup is moved.

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When set to normalized and track pickup, the curved portion will move with the pickup whereas
when set to fixed, the curved portion will not move with the pickup. Refer to the following pictures:

When set to "normalized and track pickup," whereas when set to "fixed" it will not move
the curved portion will move with the with the pickup.
pickup. . .

Note, however, that the curved portion and the pickup portion will still move as one cohesive segment
when the pickup's function is setting*sensor or setting*frame and the sensor or frame value is
changed.

The third function type, current entered in amps, is essentially a "non-function," plotting the curved
portion exactly as the points are given; even when the pickup's function is set to setting*sensor or
setting*frame and the sensor or frame value is changed, the curved portion will not move. Therefore,
if you use this function type, we advise that you set the pickup portion's function to setting in amps
also; otherwise, nonsense segments can result.

2.4 Other Modeling Options

2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button

When set to Discrete, the segment may only be set to the settings you have entered; when set to
Continuous, the segment may be set to any amount between the valid minimum and valid maximum
setting. If the manufacturer has only supplied you with a specified range (as opposed to settings
specified in per unit values), you should choose Continuous.

2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

When you enter a segment in the Library, you may opt whether or not to have it initially shown by
selecting or clearing the Initially Shown in TCC check box. When cleared, the segment will be hidden
when the curve first appears on the TCC Drawing. The segment will still be available to be added, but
will not initially appear when the curve first appears.

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For devices such as the static trip, it is doubtful that you will confuse anyone if you select a segment
as not initially shown. Since the segments follow one another in logical sequence, one can readily see
which segment comes next; if only the LTPU appears, for example, you know a LTD segment should
be added. Some devices, however, will contain several segments meant to be used one at a time, such
as including three different LTPU segments which represent different size tap blocks. When entering
these devices into the Library you should use the Initially Shown check box more prudently, because
shape of the curve changes profoundly depending on which segment you have chosen to be the first to
appear, as shown in the following picture:

(Click here for picture)

2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent

When a segment allows a tolerance band to be specified in pickup percentages, a band of which varies
with the setting value will be modeled. I you do not specify any tolerance in pickup percentages, the
segment will be a single line; otherwise the width of the tolerance band, and whether the tolerance
band straddles the setting value or lies to the right or left of the setting value will be determined by the
percentages. For example, tolerance band values of -10 and 10 cause it to straddle the setting, 0 and
20 cause it to lie to the right of the setting, and -20 and 0 cause it to lie to the left of the setting. Be
sure to include the minus sign(-) if you want to enter the low tolerance as below zero.

2.4.4 Modeling Curved Portions of Segments

CAPTOR has the ability to model any device characteristics which do not fit into the straight line
category. This capability permits the program to model overcurrent relays, molded case breakers,
fuses, ground fault devices and more. To do this, CAPTOR uses advanced curve-fitting methods to
generate smooth curves with a minimum number of data points.

In general, the less points you use, the more smooth the curve will be. For a single arc you only need
three data points.

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For a combination of multiple arcs with varying curvature, you will need more data points, as shown:

If the results of the modeling differ slightly from the published data, you can add additional data
points to force the curve to the published data. In general, however, you need not supply an excess of
points; rather, just supply the necessary points and let CAPTOR do the rest.

2.5 Low-Voltage Breaker Examples

2.5.1 Static Trip

Many types of low-voltage circuit breakers use solid-state electronics to control their time-current
characteristics. Equipment manufacturers have developed molded and insulated case circuit breakers,
low-voltage power breakers, and, more recently, fuses to operate with electronic sensor systems. To
model static trip devices properly you should understand the time-current characteristics of the
breaker.

Static trip breakers may have many combinations of operational features and these time-current
characteristics may be expressed as a function of the sensor (or plug), frame, or as a multiple of the
long time pick up and sensor (plug) or frame rating. CAPTOR models any combination of segments
as long as the following criteria are met for each device.

Each static trip device must have:

Long time pickup (LTPU)

Long time delay (LTD)

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Short time pickup (STPU)

--or--
Instantaneous pickup (INST)
--or--
both short time pickup and instantaneous

Each static trip device may also have:

Short time delay (STD)

Instantaneous short time i2t function

Instantaneous override feature

Note: Frequently, the electronics provide ground fault detection features. The ground fault features of
these devices may be modeled under Static Trip or separately under Ground Fault.

Often, the manufacturer provides a single protective device model with a large variety of available
features; in such cases, a consistent naming convention allows quick identification of the
manufacturer's model and specific features available.

Some static trip devices allow only factory pre-set, calibrated settings for the various operations
(discretely adjustable rotary switch); in some cases, the electronics will allow you to select a
continuous range of features (continuously variable potentiometer). Before attempting to model static
devices, you should get the manufacturer's catalog information and the published time current curves
related to the device.

To add a new Static Trip device or edit an existing Static Trip device, be sure that the device category
has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage. Once you have opened the Static
Trip category, follow these steps.

To add a new Static Trip protective device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each device may be divided into frame sizes each having different interrupting ratings and,
in some cases, different instantaneous override values as a function of the application voltage levels and frame sizes. Note that each row
contains data for a specific frame size. The Frame Description cells may contain any description you want, as they are not used in calculations;
they only provide descriptions for the frame sizes. You need to enter the individual Voltage Ratings and Frame Sizes, because PTW uses these
values for calculations.
If the breaker is furnished with an instantaneous override feature (which is a function of the frame size), enter the values kA Override data
fields. Note that the interrupting ratings and the override values are in thousands of amperes (kA). An interrupting rating of 85,000 amperes,
therefore, would be entered as 85 kA. The same holds true for the override values.
Some manufacturers provide an optional short-time rating for breakers, and this feature can be implemented as long as the short time ratings are
identified. Enter the short-time rating values in thousands of amperes. Normally, a breaker has either an instantaneous rating or a short-time
rating, but not both.

3. Switch to the Sensor tab page and type the various sensor options. Note that the colored, uneditable row lists the frame size for all the different
sensor options in that row.

4. Switch to the Plug tab page and type the various plug options. Note that the colored, uneditable row now lists the frame sizes and each frame's
sensor sizes for all the plug options in that row.

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5. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

6. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Static Trip Segments,
following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

7. Repeat step 6 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Static Trip Segments

Long Time Pickup (LTPU)also called Current Setting. This segment determines the current
value at which the breaker will trip for a sustained overload condition.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTPU or Current Setting. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is
not used in calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which you should use for most LTPU segments
as it provides a vertical segment with a tolerance band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. This trip rating is almost always a function of the sensor (setting*sensor), but can also be a function of the current
rating (setting in Amps) or frame size (setting*frame). See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the segment. If the LTPU is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values need to be
entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. The
published data indicates that for total clearing, the LTPU is 18 percent above the 1 per unit value. Therefore, we have entered the low tolerance
% as 0 and the high tolerance % as 18. Values of -10 percent low and 10 percent high, or 0 percent low and 20 percent high are common for
these values. Be sure to include the minus sign(-) if you want to enter the low tolerance as below zero.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box. Typically
static trip breakers include all its segments as initially shown.

Long Time Delay (LTD). All static devices modeled by CAPTOR must have a long time delay
(LTD).
a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTD. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in Seconds, which you should use for most LTD
segments as it provides a sloped-segment with a tolerance band.

c. Select a per unit multiplier. Usually the default of 6* works fine, but at times 6* proves too difficult to use (that is, if it forces you to literally
interpolate right off the page). If so, type a lower value such as 3.

d. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

e. In the Opening and Clearing columns, enter the opening and clearing times (in seconds) for each setting.
To determine the values for the opening and clearing times, examine the manufacturer's TCC at 6* (or your own multiple such as 3*) for each
point specified as an LTD setting. Some manufacturers specify the LTD values at the total clearing time, others use an average value, and in
some cases, the minimum opening time is used. At the 6* (or other) point, determine the time in seconds for minimum opening, and the time in
seconds for total clearing. Both opening and clearing points should be entered for each calibrated time setting.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in

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the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Enter the opening and clearing slopes for the segment. To calculate the opening slope, chose two points on the opening slope of the LTD
segment. Next, choose the Calculate button to the right of the Opening Slope text box. Enter the first point's amperes (horizontal) location in the
A1 box and its seconds (vertical) location in the T1 box. Enter the second point's amperes location in A2 and seconds location in T2. Choose
the Calculate button. The slope should be a negative number. If the slope seems correct, choose the OK button and the slope will appear in the
Opening Slope text box.
Follow this procedure to calculate the Clearing Slope.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.

Short Time Pick Up (STPU). Static breakers must have either a short time pickup (STPU) or
instantaneous operation. Many have both operations available. Some type of instantaneous (either
adjustable or fixed override) must be specified, however if the static breaker does not have a short
time pickup, you do not need to create this segment.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually STPU. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which you should use for most STPU segments
as it provides a vertical segment with a tolerance band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the segment. If the LTPU is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values need to be
entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered. Values of 2 pu
through 10 pu are typical.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. Values
of -10 percent low and 10 percent high are standard.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

Short Time Delay (STD). If a static trip breaker is furnished with a short time pickup (STPU), it
must also have either a short time delay (STD), an i2t function, or both.

without function

STD bands are not a function of the sensor, frame, or current because the STD band is by definition
horizontal (flat). It bears no relation to the current axis (the X axis).
a. Type a name for the segment, usually STD. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in Seconds.

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c. Select a per unit multiplier. For most STD segments, you should maintain the default of 0.

d. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

e. In the Opening and Clearing columns, enter the opening and clearing times (in seconds) for each setting.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Enter the opening and clearing slopes for the segment. Usually you will keep the default slopes of 0, as this segment is horizontal.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

with function (STD- ). In the short time operation, static breakers are often available with an inverse
time current function referred to as i2t. Not all short time inverse current functions follow exactly the
squared function which, on log-log paper, represents a straight line function with a slope of -2. The i2t
function on some breakers may vary as a function of the sensor rating, the frame size, or the trip
setting. It may also be set as a function of the LTPU.

You may combine an STD and an into a single segment, which may have the set to In or Out. The
following picture shows manufacturer data for this type of function.
a. Type a name for the segment; STD-I2T works well to describe its function. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention.
(This name is not used in calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. For an STD with an i2t function, use the (I^2-T)+Horizontal Delay with Open-Clear Time in Seconds segment type,
which allows you to combine a sloped segment and a horizontal segment into one.

c. Select the i2t function as Initially In or Initially Out. This determines whether that portion of the segment will appear when the curve first
appears.

d. Select a per unit multiplier. Usually the default of 6* works fine, but at times 6* proves too difficult to use (that is, if it forces you to literally
interpolate right off the page). If so, type a lower value such as 3.

e. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functionsfor more information.

f. In the I^2T Opening and I^2T Clearing columns, enter the opening and clearing times (in seconds) for each setting.
At the 6* (or other) point on the manufacturer's drawing, examine the intercept of the minimum opening time and the total clearing time of the
curve at its lowest setting. In the two cells to the right of your description (usually MIN), enter these time values. If the function is vertically
variable, the published curves will indicate the characteristics of the function at the maximum STD setting. In the two cells to the right of your
description (usually MAX), enter values of time for the minimum opening time and the maximum clearing time at the highest setting, again
using the intercept at the 6* (or other) point. It is important that the values be entered in the correct order. If the device has a fixed function
(only one band), enter the same set of points for both the Min. and Max. cells.

g. In the Delay Opening and Delay Clearing columns, enter the opening and clearing times for the STD portion of the segment.

h. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

i. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

j. Enter the opening and clearing slopes for the segment. If the curve follows the true definition, enter a value of -2 for both slopes. If the curve
does not have a slope of -2, choose two points on the minimum opening curve. Next, choose the Calculate button to the right of the Opening
Slope text box. Enter the first point's amperes (horizontal) location in the A1 box and its seconds (vertical) location in the T1 box. Enter the
second point's amperes location in A2 and seconds location in T2. Choose the Calculate button. The slope should be a negative number. If the
slope seems correct, choose the OK button and the slope will appear in the Opening Slope text box.
Follow this procedure to calculate the Clearing Slope. If the slope for the lower settings differs from the slope for the higher settings, you need
to create two static trip protective devices, one for the lower settings and one for the higher settings.

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k. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

Instantaneous (INST). The instantaneous pickup (INST PU) is the current value at which the breaker
will operate without intentional delay.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually INST. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. For most INST segments, you should use the Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band segment type because
it allows you to combine an adjustable vertical segment with a fixed horizontal band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. For most devices, the INST is a function of the sensor rating (setting*sensor), but can also be a function of the
current rating (setting in Amps) or frame size (setting*frame). See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the segment. If the INST is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values need to be entered.
However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. Values
of -10 percent low and 10 percent high are standard.

i. In the Delay Seconds boxes enter values (in seconds) for the opening and clearing times of the horizontal delay band portion of the segment.

j. If the device includes fillet radii, in the Fillet Radius boxes enter values (in seconds) for either the opening time or the clearing time, or both.
For more information on how the Fillet Radius works, see Section 2.2.11 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band segment type

k. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

2.5.2 Ground Fault

Ground fault devices consist of a current sensing mechanism (toroid sensor, current transformer, and
so on) and electronic circuits which compare the ground fault current and time. If the current exceeds
a pre-set value for a specified period of time, the electronics send a trip signal to a circuit breaking
device. In many cases, the electronics of a static breaker may contain similar features. These devices
are nearly always adjustable in the current range, and have pre-set, calibrated time settings.

To add a new Ground Fault device or edit an existing Ground Fault device, be sure that the device
category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage. Once you have opened
the Ground Fault category, follow these steps.

To add a new Ground Fault protective device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each device may be divided into frame sizes each having different interrupting
ratings and, in some cases, different instantaneous override values as a function of the application voltage levels and frame sizes.
Note that each row contains data for a specific frame size. The Frame Description cells may contain any description you want, as
they are not used in calculations; they only provide descriptions for the frame sizes. You need to enter the individual Voltage

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Ratings and Frame Sizes, because PTW uses these values for calculations.

3. Switch to the Sensor tab page and type the various sensor options. Note that the colored, uneditable row lists the frame size for all
the different sensor options in that row.

4. Switch to the Plug tab page and type the various plug options. Note that the colored, uneditable row now lists the frame sizes and
each frame's sensor sizes for all the plug options in that row.

5. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

6. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Ground
Fault Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

7. Repeat step 6 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Ground Fault Segments

a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTPU. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which you should use for most LTPU segments
as it provides a vertical segment with a tolerance band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the segment. If the LTPU is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values need to be
entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. We
have entered the low tolerance % as -22 and the high tolerance % as 0.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box
Typically ground fault devices include all its segments as initially shown.

Ground Fault Delay (GF Delay). This segment models the delay portion.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually GF Delay. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Delay Band (I^Slope-T) with Open-Clear Time in Seconds.

c. Select a per unit multiplier. Usually the default of 6* works fine, but at times 6* proves too difficult to use (that is, if it forces you to literally
interpolate right off the page). If so, type a lower value such as 3.

d. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

e. In the Opening and Clearing columns, enter the opening and clearing times (in seconds) for each setting.
To determine the values for the opening and clearing times, examine the manufacturer's TCC at 6* (or your own multiple such as 3*) for each
point specified as an LTD setting. Some manufacturers specify the LTD values at the total clearing time, others use an average value, and in
some cases, the minimum opening time is used. At the 6* (or other) point, determine the time in seconds for minimum opening, and the time in
seconds for total clearing. Both opening and clearing points should be entered for each calibrated time setting.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in

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the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Enter the opening and clearing slopes for the segment. Because the horizontal segment is flat, the slopes should be zero.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box

2.5.3 Thermal Magnetic Molded Case

Adjustable breakers typically have either a thermal or a magnetic long-time delay feature, and a
magnetic instantaneous trip feature which is adjustable as a function of the frame size, or more often,
of the trip rating of the device. Some circuit breakers are furnished with integral fusing (limiters) to
boost the interrupting ratings. Limiters are modeled by CAPTOR as fuses. If the breaker is furnished
with a limiter, you should plot the fuse along with the breaker.

To add a new Thermal Magnetic Molded Case device or edit an existing Thermal Magnetic Molded
Case device, be sure that the device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General
Library Usage

To add a new Thermal Magnetic Molded Case device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each row contains data for a specific frame size. The Frame Description cells
may contain any description you want, as they are not used in calculations; they only provide descriptions for the frame sizes. You
need to enter the individual Voltage Ratings, Frame Sizes, and Interrupting Ratings for each frame, because PTW uses these
values for calculations. Some devices also have a short-time rating and an override rating different from the interrupting rating if
the instantaneous setting is not specified; for these devices, enter the values in the Short Time (kA) and Override (kA) cells.

3. Switch to the Trip tab page and type the various trip options. Note that the colored, uneditable row lists the frame sizes.

4. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

5. Select a frame size for which you will add segments.

6. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Thermal
Magnetic Molded Case Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

7. Repeat step 5 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Thermal Magnetic Molded Case Segments

Long Time Delay (LTD). This segment determines the current value at which the breaker will trip
for a sustained overload condition.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTD. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Opening and Clearing Curve, which you should use for this type of device because it models a
curved delay band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. This is usually either a function of the frame (current*frame) or the trip (current*trip). See Section 2.3 Using

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Functions for more information.

d. Define the segment using points, giving points on the opening side (Opening Current and Opening Time columns) and clearing side
(Clearing Current and Clearing Time columns) of the curve in current (X axis) and seconds (Y axis). See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved
Portions of Segments for an explanation of how CAPTOR draws segments based on points. If the available data are not expressed in per unit
terms, they must be converted before entering them. For example, some manufacturers indicate the rating value at a one ampere value on the
TCC curve. Such data have already been converted to per unit by the manufacturer. In some cases, the data may be shown at a 100 ampere
(actually, a 100%) value. Divide all such values of current by 100 before entering the data. If the data are shown in actual amperes, divide the
data by the ampere rating of the frame size.
In selecting data points, you can achieve satisfactory results with four points spread out from the 1000 second intercept to the maximum
instantaneous current shown on the manufacturer's curves. Results can be improved by adding more points between the intercept of the
minimum instantaneous pickup point and the maximum pickup point. It is also necessary to select data points beyond the long time delay curve
in order to assure proper definition of the intercept points. Selecting these additional points will aid CAPTOR during interpolation for the
intercept of the instantaneous pickup and the long time delay.

e. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box
Typically, thermal magnetic molded case breakers include all segments as initially shown.

Instantaneous (INST). The following shows how to model an Instantaneous segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually INST. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Adj. Tolerance & Open-Clear Curve, which you should use for this
type of device because it models a curved delay band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. This usually either a function of the frame (current*frame) or the trip (current*trip). See Section 2.3 Using
Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and
maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

f. In the Tolerance Low and Tolerance High cells, enter values for the low- and high-tolerances (these determine the width of the tolerance
band). The tolerance bands are often different at the low setting and the high setting. Values of +/- 25% low and +/- 10% high are typical values
for the tolerance bands. Each setting may have its own tolerance band.

g. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Click the Opening-Clearing Curves button, and the Opening & Clearing Curve dialog box will appear. As with the LTD segment, define the
segment using points, giving points on the opening side (Opening Current and Opening Time columns) and clearing side (Clearing Current
and Clearing Time columns) of the curve in current (X axis) and seconds (Y axis). See the LTD segment for a complete description.
Often the manufacturer shows the device as opening without intentional delay; the low tolerance band for the instantaneous pickup is modeled
as a straight line at 0.01 seconds. In this case, define the clearing time at any three per unit values of current and a time of 0.01 seconds, as
shown in the example pictures. For the total instantaneous clearing amperes, enter no fewer than three, preferably five or six, data points to
model the maximum clearing curve in the instantaneous trip range.

j. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box
Typically thermal magnetic molded case breakers include all its segments as initially shown.

2.5.4 Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Segments

To add a new Power Circuit protective device or edit an existing Power Circuit protective device, be
sure that the device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage

To add a new Power Circuit protective device to the Library

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1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each row contains data for a specific frame size. The Frame Description cells
may contain any description you want, as they are not used in calculations; they only provide descriptions for the frame sizes. You
need to enter the individual Voltage Ratings, Frame Sizes, and Interrupting Ratings for each frame, because PTW uses these
values for calculations. Some devices also have a short-time rating and an override rating different from the interrupting rating if
the instantaneous setting is not specified; for these devices, enter the values in the Short Time (kA) and Override (kA) cells.

3. Switch to the Sensor tab page and type the various sensor options. Note that the colored, uneditable row lists the frame size for all
the different sensor options in that row.

4. Switch to the Plug tab page and type the various plug options. Note that the colored, uneditable row now lists the frame sizes and
each frame's sensor sizes for all the plug options in that row.

5. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

6. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Low-
Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

7. Repeat step 6 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Segments

LTPU w/ Delay. This segment combines a vertical segment with a sloped segment.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTPU w/ Delay. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used
in calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Open-Clear Bands, which you should use for this type of device
because it models a pickup with an adjustable curved delay band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and
maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

f. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. Values
of -10 and 10 are typical.

g. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Click the Opening-Clearing Curves button, and the Opening & Clearing Curve dialog box will appear. Define the first band using points, giving
points on the opening side (Opening Current and Opening Time columns) and clearing side (Clearing Current and Clearing Time
columns) of the curve in current (X axis) and seconds (Y axis). See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved Portions of Segments for an explanation of
how CAPTOR draws segments based on points.

In selecting the points for the per unit input for both the long time and the short time bands, the following suggestions will improve the quality
of the model CAPTOR will generate.

Always pick at least two (2) points at the beginning of the curve that come before the first level of pickup of the following trip function. For
example, for a long time delay followed by a short time pickup, select no fewer than two points below the lowest short time pickup point. If the
short time pickup is adjustable at 2X, then points at 1.0 and 1.75 pickup on the long time delay can be selected. Be sure that when a line is
drawn between these points, that it will not form a vertical line. CAPTOR will try (and fail) to find the intercept of two parallel lines if this is
done. The balance of the selected points should be selected evenly spaced to a point just past the end of the last setting of the following
function, in this case the short time pickup. We recommended that no fewer than five be used.

CAPTOR will normalize the per unit current values to the lowest per unit values indicated in the record. This means that the per unit values

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may start at any convenient point. For example, for the long time delay, reading directly from the manufacturer's drawing may indicate that for
the minimum opening time, the per unit value is 0.90. Use this value and continue to pick points directly from the manufacturer's drawing.

Continue this process for the other bands. Type a name for each band in the cell to the right of "Band 1," "Band 2," and so on. (These cells are
user-definable; they are not used in PTW's calculations.)

j. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically thermal magnetic molded case breakers include all its segments as initially shown.

STPU w/ Delay. Follow the same procedure as for the LTPU w/ Delay.

INST. This segment combines a vertical segment with a horizontal segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually INST. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band, which you should use for this type of device
because it models a pickup with a horizontal band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and
maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information. Values
of -10 and 10 are typical.

i. In the Delay Seconds boxes, enter values (in seconds) for the opening and clearing of the horizontal portion of the segment.

j. To model a fillet radius on either the opening or the clearing, or both, of the horizontal portion of the segment, enter values in the Fillet Radius
boxes. For an example of their usage, see Section 2.2.11 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band segment type.

k. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically thermal magnetic molded case breakers include all its segments as initially shown.

2.6 Motor Protective Device Examples

2.6.1 Motor Circuit Protector

Motor circuit protectors are magnetic-pickup-only breakers designed to trip when the inrush value of
a motor exceeds the normal starting values. The band width of these devices is seldom published;
however, you may model one if one exists. The instantaneous pickup values may vary among
manufacturers.

Limiters are modeled by CAPTOR as fuses. If the breaker is furnished with a limiter, you should plot
the fuse along with the breaker.

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To add a new Motor Circuit Protector device or edit an existing Motor Circuit Protector device, be
sure that the device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage.

To add a new Motor Circuit Protector device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each row contains data for a specific frame size. The Frame Description cells
may contain any description you want, as they are not used in calculations; they only provide descriptions for the frame sizes. You
need to enter the individual Voltage Ratings, Frame Sizes, and Interrupting Ratings for each frame, because PTW uses these
values for calculations. Some devices also have a short-time rating and an override rating different from the interrupting rating if
the instantaneous setting is not specified; for these devices, enter the values in the Short Time (kA) and Override (kA) cells.

3. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

4. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Motor
Circuit Protector Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

5. Repeat step 4 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Motor Circuit Protector Segments

TEC36003 and TEC36050. Each is a separate segment from the manufacturer's catalog.
a. Type a name for the segment; usually this is a catalog number, such as TEC36050. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's
convention. (This name is not used in calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band, which you should use for this type of device
because it models a pickup with a horizontal band.

c. Since only one pickup calculation is available, you have no option to pick another. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Tap (Amps) column, enter the settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum
and maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

f. In the Tap Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the
letter in the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the
manufacturer's conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. You may also specify a tolerance in pickup percentages; see Section 2.4.3 Specifying a Tolerance Band in Percent for more information.
Usually motor circuit protectors do not have a tolerance band.

i. In the Delay Seconds boxes, enter values (in seconds) for the opening and clearing of the horizontal portion of the segment.

j. To model a fillet radius on either the opening or the clearing, or both, of the horizontal portion of the segment, enter values in the Fillet Radius
boxes. For an example of their usage, see Section 2.2.11 Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Horizontal Delay Band segment type

k. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically for motor circuit protectors only one segment will be initially shown.

2.6.2 Motor Overload

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To add a new Motor Overload device or edit an existing Motor Overload device, be sure that the
device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage.

To add a new Motor Overload device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

3. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Motor
Overload Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

4. Repeat step 3 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Motor Overload Segments

MOL. This segment models an opening and clearing curve.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually MOL. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Opening and Clearing Curve, which you should use for this type of device because it models a
curved delay band.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Define the segment using points, giving points on the opening side (Opening Current and Opening Time columns) and clearing side
(Clearing Current and Clearing Time columns) of the curve in current (X axis) and seconds (Y axis). See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved
Portions of Segments for an explanation of how CAPTOR draws segments based on points. If the available data are not expressed in per unit
terms, they must be converted before entering them. For example, some manufacturers indicate the rating value at a one ampere value on the
TCC curve. Such data have already been converted to per unit by the manufacturer. In some cases, the data may be shown at a 100 ampere
(actually, a 100%) value. Divide all such values of current by 100 before entering the data. If the data are shown in actual amperes, divide the
data by the ampere rating of the frame size.

e. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically, thermal magnetic molded case breakers include all segments as initially shown.

2.6.3 Static Motor Protector

To add a new Static Motor Protector device or edit an existing Static Motor Protector device, be sure
that the device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage.

To add a new Static Motor Protector device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

3. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Static
Motor Protector Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

4. Repeat step 3 for each new segment you want to add.

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Entering Static Motor Protector Segments

LTPU. This segment creates a vertical segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTPU. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which you should use for this type of device
because it models a pickup.

c. Since only one pickup calculation is available, you have no option to pick another. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and
maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically static motor protectors include all segments as initially shown.

Time Dials. This segment models a curved segment with multiple settings.
a. Type a name for the segment, usually Time Dials. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Time-Current Points with Multiple Curves because it models a curved segment with multiple
settings.

c. Since only one pickup calculation is available, you have no option to pick another. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the dial setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Current column, enter one set of amperes (X axis) points, which are fixedthey determine the distance between the leftmost and
rightmost points of the line.

f. In the Time(s) columns, enter a set of seconds (Y axis) points for each of the segment's settings. Since the line for each setting follows the
points you select, it follows whatever path you supply, be it horizontal, vertical, or angular, although typically the line will slope down and to
the right, either straight or curved. See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved Portions of Segments for an explanation of how CAPTOR draws
segments based on points.

g. In the Dial Desc and Dial Value rows, enter the names for the settings. Both of these rows are just user-definable descriptions; they are not
used in PTW's calculations. The Dial Desc names are used when the Dial Settings option button is set to Discrete, and the Dial Value names
are used when the Dial Settings option button is set to Continuous. For both, you should follow the manufacturer's naming conventions.

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically static motor protectors include all segments as initially shown.

INST. This segment models a pickup.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually INST. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in

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calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which you should use for this type of device
because it models a pickup.

c. Since only one pickup calculation is available, you have no option to pick another. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and
maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically static motor protectors include all segments as initially shown.

Definite Time. This segment models a fixed horizontal line segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually Definite Time. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Fix Time Horizontal Line, which models a horizontal line segment.

c. Since only one pickup calculation is available, you have no option to pick another. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the settings in seconds for the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values need
to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically static motor protectors include all segments as initially shown.

2.6.4 SEL Motor Relay (Overload)

See 2.6.4 SEL Motor Relay (Overload) for more information

2.6.5 SQUARE D Motor Relay (Overload)

See 2.6.5 SQUARE D Motor Relay (Overload) for more information

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2.7 Fuse Examples

To add a Fuse or edit an existing Fuse, be sure that the device category has been opened, as described
in Section 2.1 General Library Usage.

To add a new Fuse to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Cartridge tab page and type Cartridge data. Each row contains data for a specific cartridge size. The Cartridge Description cells
may contain any description you want, as they are not used in calculations; they only provide descriptions for the cartridge sizes. You need to
enter the individual Voltage Ratings, Cartridge Sizes, and Interrupting Ratings for each cartridge, because PTW uses these values for
calculations. The cartridge size should equal the maximum trip size in the group, which you enter in the next step.

3. Switch to the Trip tab page and type the various trip sizes. Note that the colored, uneditable row contains the cartridge sizes. You may combine
several trip sizes under a common cartridge size provided that the curves are of the same shape. See Entering Fuse Curve Segments, following,
for more information.

4. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

5. Choose a Cartridge Size from the Cartridge Size List box and enter data points for it. See Entering Fuse Curve Segments, following, for
assistance with this step.

6. Repeat step 5 for each cartridge size.

Entering Fuse Curve Segments

This segment type models the segment wholly using selected points. You supply the points' locations
using their location on the graph in amperes (X axis) and seconds (Y axis). You must select points
carefully, as CAPTOR models the segment's curvature based on them. See Section 2.4.4 Modeling
Curved Portions of Segments for an explanation of how CAPTOR draws segments based on points.
You should test each cartridge size to verify the shape of the fuse curve, and move points or add more
points to force the curve to the desire shape.

Since this segment follows the points you select, it follow will whatever path you supply, be it
horizontal, vertical, or angular. You may include a tolerance band by supplying points for the opening
and the clearing curves; otherwise, if you only supply the opening points, a single line (that is,
without a tolerance band) will be plotted.

To save time entering data points, you may combine several trip sizes under a common cartridge size
provided that the curves are of the same shape. They must be shaped alike because each cartridge size
uses one set of data points for its shape (some manufacturers group differently-shaped curves under a
single cartridge size). For example, a manufacturer might group all the curves under one cartridge
size: 100A. However, if there are two distinct curve shapes within the group, in CAPTOR you must
divide them into two groups.

Note: Manufacturer's curves are typically plotted on log-log paper which can affect the appearance of
curves relative to each other. You should take this possible distortion into account when grouping
curves.

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While appearance is a good general indicator of curve groupings, appearance alone does not ensure
that the curves have the same curve shape characteristics and are shifted horizontally dependent on
the trip to cartridge ratio; in fact, many fuse curves appear deceptively similar when in reality they are
slightly different. Therefore, once these provisional groupings have been made, you should check
their suitability for grouping using the following test in CAPTOR.

To test curves' suitability for grouping

1. Verify that the trip sizes move left and right by their trip-to-cartridge ratio relative to the maximum trip size using the following equation:

where

Cartridge cartridge size;

Trip trip rating of the curve currently being tested;

Imt for a given time value, the corresponding current value of the maximum trip size fuse curve.
2. Compare the resulting value I to the actual current value of the trip size being tested, which is obtained from the manufacturer's curve.

3. If the values are equal, then the trip curve being tested may be grouped under the selected cartridge size. If the values are not equal, then assign
the curve its own cartridge size, or test the curve under a different cartridge size (family of curves).

Because fuse curves can be deceptively similar, it is recommended that this test be repeated at several
time values extending over the length of the curve to ensure that they are actually shifted by their trip-
to-cartridge ratio.

2.8 Relay Examples

2.8.1 Electro Mechanical Relay

An overcurrent relay is defined as any device, static or mechanical, which generates an inverse time
current characteristic and sends a trip signal to some type of interrupting device. These relays have
adjustable transformer taps to scale an input voltage from a current transformer(s) installed around the
bus or cable. These relays also have provisions to adjust the time values for pickup of the relay. Often,
an instantaneous relay is associated with the inverse time-current relay. The instantaneous relays also
have a provision for adjusting the pickup value; instantaneous relays have no provisions for time
adjustment.

The pickup value of a relay is defined by:

To add a new Electro Mechanical Relay or edit an existing Electro Mechanical Relay, be sure that the
device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage.

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To add a new Electro Mechanical Relay to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

3. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Electro Mechanical
Relay Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

4. Repeat step 3 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Electro Mechanical Relay Segments

LTPU. This segment creates a vertical segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTPU. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which models a pickup.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. If you set the pickup calculation to Tap*CT Ratio, type a value in the Secondary Current box. See Section 2.3.1 Functions Using CT Ratio for
more information.

e. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

f. In the Tap (pu) column, enter the per unit tap settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the
minimum and maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these
settings should be entered.

g. In the Tap Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the
letter in the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the
manufacturer's conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically relays include this segment as initially shown.

Time Dials. This segment a curved segment with multiple settings.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually Time Dials. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Time-Current Points with Multiple Curves because it models a curved segment with multiple
settings.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the dial setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. When set to Discrete, the segment may only be set to the settings you have
entered; when set to Continuous, the segment may be set to any amount between the valid minimum and valid maximum setting. If the
manufacturer has only supplied you with a specified range (as opposed to settings specified in per unit values), you should choose Continuous.

e. In the Current column, enter one set of amperes (X axis) points, which are fixedthey determine the distance between the leftmost and
rightmost points of the line. In the Time(s) columns, enter a set of seconds (Y axis) points for each of the segment's settings. Since the line for
each setting follows the points you select, it follows whatever path you supply, be it horizontal, vertical, or angular, although typically the line
will slope down and to the right, either straight or curved. See Section 2.4.4 Modeling Curved Portions of Segments for an explanation of how

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CAPTOR draws segments based on points.

It is recommended that for each calibrated time dial curve provided by the equipment manufacturer a set of data points be provided. At least
three points are required (5 to 6 are recommended) for each calibrated time dial.

f. In the Dial Desc and Dial Value rows, enter the names for the settings. Both of these rows are just user-definable descriptions; they are not
used in PTW's calculations. The Dial Desc names are used when the Dial Settings option button is set to Discrete, and the Dial Value names
are used when the Dial Settings option button is set to Continuous. For both, you should follow the manufacturer's naming conventions.

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically static motor protectors include all segments as initially shown.

INST (High). This segment models a pickup.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually INST (High). The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which models a pickup.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. If you set the pickup calculation to Tap*CT Ratio, type a value in the Secondary Current box. See Section 2.3.1 Functions Using CT Ratio for
more information.

e. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

f. In the Tap column, enter the per unit tap settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the
minimum and maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these
settings should be entered.

g. In the Tap Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the
letter in the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the
manufacturer's conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically relays include this segment as initially shown.

Definite Time. This segment models a horizontal segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually Definite Time. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Fix Time Horizontal Line, which models a horizontal line segment.

c. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

d. In the Setting column, enter the settings in seconds for the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values need
to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered.

e. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

f. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

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g. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically static motor protectors include all segments as initially shown.

2.8.2 Electronic

CAPTOR allows you to model "solid state" relays that represent time/current characteristics utilizing
an arithmetic equation.

Time characteristic curves follow a relation that can be expressed as shown:

where

D time dial setting (0.0 to 9.9);

M multiple of pickup;

A, B, C, N, and K constants defining the shape of the curve.

The constants are selected to provide a very close match to the characteristics of electromechanical
relays. The constants are provided by the relay manufacturer for each characteristic curve shape. The
following table lists typical values for various characteristic curve shapes.

Curve Constants
Type A B C N K
S 0.2663 0.03393 1.000 1.2969 0.028
L 5.6143 2.18592 1.000 1.0000 0.028
D 0.4797 0.21359 1.000 1.5625 0.028
M 0.3022 0.12840 1.000 0.5000 0.028
I 8.9341 0.17966 1.000 2.0938 0.028
V 5.4678 0.10814 1.000 2.0469 0.028
E 7.7624 0.02758 1.000 2.0938 0.028
B 1.4636 0.00000 1.000 1.0469 0.028
C 8.2506 0.00000 1.000 2.0469 0.028
F 0.000 1.00000 1.000 0.0000 0.000

S = Short Inverse

L = Long Inverse

D = Define Time

M = Moderately Inverse

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I = Inverse

V = Very Inverse

E = Extremely Inverse

B = BS142 Very Inverse

C = BS142 Extremely Inverse

F = Fixed Time

The Entering Electronic Relay Segments Section, following, will demonstrate how to enter the above
data into the segments.

To add a new Electronic Relay or edit an existing Electronic Relay, be sure that the device category
has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage.

To add a new Electronic Relay to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

3. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Electronic Relay
Segments, following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

4. Repeat step 3 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Electronic Relay Segments

Tap. This segment models a pickup.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually Tap. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which models a pickup.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. If you set the pickup calculation to Tap*CT Ratio, type a value in the Secondary Current box. See Section 2.3.1 Functions Using CT Ratio for
more information.

e. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

f. In the Tap column, enter the per unit tap settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the
minimum and maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these
settings should be entered.

g. In the Tap Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the
letter in the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the
manufacturer's conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").

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The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically relays include this segment as initially shown.

[S] Short Inverse

[L] Long Inverse
[D] Define Time
[M] Moderately Inverse
[I] Inverse
[V] Very Inverse
[E] Extremely Inverse
[B] BS142 Very Inverse
[C] BS142 Extremely Inverse
[F] Fixed Time
These segments all model curved segments based on the equation discussed in Section 2.8.2
Electronic. Data entry for all of these is exactly the same; you enter the constants in their cells based
on the table.
a. Type a name for the segment. For each curved segment, we recommend that you include the curve shape's letter along with a descriptive tag,
such as [S] Short Inverse and [L] Long Inverse. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. Since these curved segments are using equation modeling, you should use T=AD/((I/Ipu)^N-C)+BD+K.

c. Enter the manufacturer's constants in the A, B, C, K, and N boxes for that curve shape. These come from the table discussed in Section 2.8.2
Electronic.

d. In the Minimum Pickup box, type a multiplier to determine at what point CAPTOR will begin plotting the curve (CAPTOR multiplies the value
in this box by the current to determine the Amperes (X axis) point to start plotting). If you enter a value of 1.0, CAPTOR will plot the curve all
the way to the pickup. Typically manufacturers start plotting using a value of 1.05, so that if the pickup value is 10 A, the curve is plotted at , or
10.5 A.

e. Select the time dial option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

f. In the Dial column, enter the Time Dial values from the manufacturer. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and maximum values
need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings should be entered.

g. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

h. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

i. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box. You
should only choose one of these equation-based segments as initially shown, because the others act as alternate settings.

INST. This segment models an Instantaneous pickup. This segment is exactly like the Tap segment,
so follow the instructions listed for that segment.

Definite Time. This segment models a horizontal segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually Definite Time. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

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b. Select a segment type. This example uses Fix Time Horizontal Line, which models a pickup.

c. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

d. In the Setting (Sec) column, enter the seconds (Y axis) points for this horizontal segment. If the segment is continuous, only the minimum and
maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these settings
should be entered.

e. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

f. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

g. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically relays do not include this segment as initially shown.

2.8.3 IEC Type

This device closely resembles the Electronic relay. Refer to Section 2.8.2 Electronic.

2.9 HV/MV Breaker Examples

2.9.1 With Sensor Integral

This device closely resembles the low-voltage breaker. Refer to Section 2.5 Low-Voltage Breaker
Examples.

2.9.2 Without Sensor Integral

The device you enter in this category will only have description and frame data, as the trip curves will
be contained under the device that actually contains the sensor.

To add a new HV/MV Breaker (without Sensor Integral) or edit an existing HV/MV Breaker (without
Sensor Integral), be sure that the device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1
General Library Usage. Once you have opened the category, follow these steps.

To add a new HV/MV Breaker (without Sensor Integral) to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each row contains data for a specific frame size.

2.10 Specialty Device Examples

2.10.1 Recloser

A single device may be used to model all reclosers which have the same clearing time and response
time curves.

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To add a new Recloser protective device or edit an existing Recloser protective device, be sure that
the device category has been opened, as described in Section 2.1 General Library Usage. Once you
have opened the Recloser category, follow these steps.

To add a new Recloser protective device to the Library

1. Switch to the Device tab page and type device identification. For Max Voltage, type the device's maximum operating voltage.

2. Switch to the Frame tab page and type frame data. Each row contains data for a specific frame size. The Frame Description cells may contain
any description you want, as they are not used in calculations; they only provide descriptions for the frame sizes. You need to enter the
individual Voltage Ratings, Frame Sizes, and Interrupting Ratings for each frame, because PTW uses these values for calculations. Some
devices also have a short-time rating and an override rating different from the interrupting rating if the instantaneous setting is not specified; for
these devices, enter the values in the Short Time (kA) and Override (kA) cells.

3. Switch to the Trip tab page and type the various trip options. For reclosers, the trip rating equals the plug or coil rating of the recloser and may
be considered as the continuous current rating of the recloser. Note that the colored, uneditable row lists the frame size for all the different trip
options in that row.

4. Switch to the Trip Curves tab page.

5. Choose the New button in the lower-left corner to add a new segment. Since segment options vary radically, see Entering Recloser Segments,
following, for specific instructions on data entry for the segments.

6. Repeat step 5 for each new segment you want to add.

Entering Recloser Segments

LTPU. This segment models a vertical segment.

a. Type a name for the segment, usually LTPU. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in
calculations; it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Pickup (LT, ST, INST) with Settings in Per Unit, which models a pickup.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. Select the pickup setting option button as Discrete or Continuous. See Section 2.4.1 Discrete/Continuous option button for more information.

e. In the Setting column, enter the per unit settings for the pickup (vertical) portion of the segment. If the segment is continuous, only the
minimum and maximum values need to be entered. However, many devices with continuous settings have calibrated settings, and each of these
settings should be entered.

f. In the Desc column, enter the names for the settings. Some devices refer to their settings with letters ("a," "b," and so on); if so, type the letter in
the Description cells. Otherwise, just copy the setting value and use it as the description; however, you should follow the manufacturer's
conventions. (The description cells are not used in calculations; they only provide user-definable descriptions for the settings.)

g. Select a setting as the default setting. To do this, select the setting's description cell and choose the Default Setting command from the Device
menu (with Windows 95, you may use the right mouse button shortcut; see "Shortcut to Menu Commands" in Chapter 1, "CAPTOR Study").
The selected setting will now be the first setting that appears for the segment. If no setting is select as the default, the first setting will be used.

h. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically reclosers include this segment as initially shown.

[A] Recloser & other Reclosers. This segment models a curved recloser segment (two
examples shown).
a. Type a name for the segment. For each curved segment, we recommend that you include the curve shape's letter along with a descriptive tag,
such as [A] Recloser and [E] Recloser. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in calculations;
it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

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b. Select a segment type. This example uses Time-Current Points because it models a curved segment.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. In the Current and Time (Sec) columns, enter the amperes (X axis) points and the seconds (Y axis) points for the curve. See Section 2.4.4
Modeling Curved Portions of Segments for an explanation of how CAPTOR draws segments based on points.

e. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically reclosers protective devices have at least one recloser and one response initially shown.

[A] Response & others Responses. This segment models a curved response segment (two examples
shown).
a. Type a name for the segment. For each curved segment, we recommend that you include the curve shape's letter along with a descriptive tag,
such as [A] Response and [E] Response. The name should correspond to the manufacturer's convention. (This name is not used in calculations;
it only provides a user-definable description for the segment type.)

b. Select a segment type. This example uses Time-Current Points because it models a curved segment.

c. Select a pickup calculation. See Section 2.3 Using Functions for more information.

d. In the Current and Time (Sec) columns, enter the amperes (X axis) points and the seconds (Y axis) points for the curve. See Section 2.4.4
Modeling Curved Portions of Segments for an explanation of how CAPTOR draws segments based on points.

e. Select or clear the Initially Shown in TCC check box. For an example of its usage, see Section 2.4.2 Initially Shown in TCC check box.
Typically reclosers protective devices have at least one recloser and one response initially shown.

3.0 Specialty Device

This category acts as a catchall for those devices which do not fit any other category. To enter the
device, you should follow the instructions for the device which most nearly fits that device.

3.1 Switches

3.1.1 No-load Break switch: This switch is not intended to interrupt load current. An example would
be a motor disconnect switch. The motor must first be shut off using the motor controller (contactor)
before this switch can be thrown. The switch is installed within sight of the motor so anyone working
on the motor can visually verify that the motor has been de-energized.

3.1.2 Load-Break: This style of switch can be operated under normal load and is designed to break
the arc associated with the load current. It will not handle interrupting fault current though. I would
say most switches fall under this category. The GE type TC switch is an example of a load-break
switch.

3.1.3 Line Sectionalizer: I haven't had much experience with sectionalizer as they're typically used
by utilities. They are not designed to interrupt fault current and typically do not have a time-current
characteristic. They work in conjunction with recolosers to isolate the faulted portion of the power
system, allowing the recloser to close and supply power to the unfaulted portion of the system.
Cooper would probably be your best source of info on sectionalizers.

3.1.4 Automatic Transfer Switch: This device allows switching from a primary power source to a
secondary or tertiary power source and are employed in some electrical power distribution systems.

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Most often transfer switches can be seen where emergency power generators are used to back up
power from the utility source. The transfer switch allows switching from utility power to emergency
generator power. The switch is either a manual switch, an automatic switch or a combination of
manual and automatic. During a power outage, the transfer switches isolate the emergency circuits
from the utility line allowing for efficient operation of the generator without back feeding onto the
utility.

Automatic transfer switches continually monitor the incoming utility power. Any anomaly such as
voltage sags, brownouts, spikes or surges will cause the internal circuitry to command a generator
startup and then a transfer to the emergency generator when additional switch circuitry determines the
generator has the proper voltage and frequency. When utility power returns, or no other anomalies
have occurred for a set time, the transfer switch will then transfer, back to utility power and command
the

Importing DOS Projects and Libraries

The Import program converts your existing DAPPER for DOS Projects and Libraries, or CAPTOR
for DOS Projects, into Power*Tools for Windows files. The original DOS files will not be affected.

To run the Import program, click Start>Programs>Power*Tools for Windows>DOS Dapper

CAPTOR Project Import.

CAPTOR TCC command (Document menu)

Use this command to open or create a TCC Drawing. You can open as many drawings simultaneously
as you want.

Dialog Box Options:

TCC Name

Type or select the name of the TCC Drawing to open.

Open button

Opens the Drawing selected in the TCC Drawing name box.

New button

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Creates a new TCC Drawing. If you did not type a name in the TCC Name box, then a PTW-assigned
name (beginning with "TCC1.TCC," then TCC2.TCC," and so on) will be used.

Rename button

Uses the Rename TCC Drawing dialog box to choose a different name for the selected TCC Drawing.
(Note: You cannot rename a TCC Drawing while it is open.)

Delete button

Deletes the selected TCC Drawing. (Note: You cannot delete a TCC Drawing while it is open.)

New command (Component menu)

Use this command to add a new component to the current Project. The new component contains
default values, but is otherwise unconfigured, and unconnected to the power system.

Dialog Box Options:

From the Component Editor

You can create a new component in the Project at any time. When you add a new component to the
Component Editor, PTW automatically creates and adds the component to the Project. After you add
a new component, that component appears in the components box regardless of the component set
being displayed. New components have certain default data associated with them depending upon
type, and that you may want to edit based on the needs of the Project. To add a new component, either
click the appropriate button on the Toolbar, or use the Component>New command. PTW
automatically assigns a unique name to the component. This component name will appear next to the
symbol in the Components Box of the Component Editor. (For more information on the Components
Box, see Introduction to the Component Editor). You can change this component name at any time.
See Renaming a Component in the Component Editor.

From a One-Line Diagram

When you add a new symbol to a One-Line Diagram, you are really doing two things at once: creating
a component in the Project and placing an associated symbol on the One-Line Diagram to represent
that new component. Now that the new component exists, it is a discrete object like any other
component, meaning that the symbol can be removed from the One-Line Diagram without affecting
the component as it is stored in the Project.

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To add a new component to a One-Line Diagram, either click the type of component on the Toolbar
or use the Component>New command. Now move the pointer to the One-Line Diagram Viewport. A
shadow image of the symbol follows the pointer. Click the mouse button to place the symbol on the
One-Line Diagram and in the Project. (See Connecting and Disconnecting Components on a One-
Line Diagram for more help with this procedure.) PTW automatically assigns a unique name to the
component. This component name, which is is always visible on the One-Line Diagram, will appear
next to the symbol. To change the name of a component, use the Rename command.

Tip: To add several components of the same type, use the process described above, but before
clicking the mouse button, press and hold the shift key. After that, each click on the One-Line
Diagram adds a new component. When you are through adding the components, release the shift key.

From a Library

If the Cable Library, Transformer Library, or Motor Control Center Library is the active document,
this command will add a new component to the Library. See each Library for specific instructions on
usage.

From a TCC Drawing

If a CAPTOR TCC Drawing is the active window, the component you choose from this list box will
be added to the current Project and will appear in the TCC Device list box. A default name will be
assigned to the component.

Existing command (Component menu)

From a One-Line Diagram

When you place a symbol for an existing component on a One-Line Diagram, it does not change the
composition of the Project in any way. For example, say that you create a cable in the Component
Editor, and now you want to include it on a One-Line Diagram. When you place the symbol for that
cable onto the One-Line Diagram, you do not change the composition of the Project; you are simply
using the symbol as a link from the One-Line Diagram to the component, and as graphical
representation of that component.

To add symbols one at a time, use this command. To add several symbols at once, use the Expand
command from the Component menu.

From a TCC Drawing

Use this command to place existing component curves onto a TCC Drawing. This command opens

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the Insert Components dialog box which contains a list of all Project components. (If you choose a
component that is not relevant to the TCC Study, such as a Utility component or a Transmission Line
component, no tab pages will appear for that component).

Dialog Box Options

Components list box

Choose a component that exists in the active Project to add to the One-Line Diagram or TCC
Drawing.

Query button

Runs a query to narrow the list in the Components list box to only those matching specific criteria.
(For example, you could run a query to display only protective devices). For more information on
queries, see Query command.

See Also

Component Existing Dialog

Using the mouse pointer on TCC Drawings

Notice that as you move the mouse pointer over various objects, it changes shape. The shape of the
pointer indicates the kind of action you can take at that time. Refer to the following table:

When the it indicates

pointer looks this.
like this. . .
You may move
the segment
left or right to
adjust its
amperes
setting.

The segment
has reached the
minimum limit
of its valid
amperes
setting.

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The segment
has reached the
maximum limit
of its valid
amperes
setting.
You may move
the segment up
or down to
adjust its time
setting.
The segment
has reached the
maximum limit
of its valid
time setting.
The segment
has reached the
minimum limit
of its valid
time setting.
You may select
the curve (you
may also select
a curve's
associated
marker, such as
a transformer's
inrush
indicator, to
select the
curve).
You may move
the label or its
pointer.

____________________

See also

Changing Segments and Settings

Remove command (Component menu)

From a One-Line Diagram

Use this command to remove the selected component symbol(s) from a One-Line Diagram. Note that
this command does not remove the component from the Project --only the One-Line Diagram symbol
associated with the component is affected. This command is unavailable if no symbols are currently
selected.

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If you want to completely eliminate a component from a One-Line Diagram and the Project, use the
Destroy command. You can also remove (not Destroy) a group of connected components using just
the Collapse command.

From a TCC Drawing

Use this command to remove the component listed in the TCC Device list box from the TCC
Drawing. Note that this command does not remove the component from the Project --only the curve
associated with the component is affected.

If you want to completely eliminate a component from a TCC Drawing and the Project, use the
Destroy command.

Destroy command (Component menu)

From a One-Line Diagram or the Component Editor

If a One-Line Diagram or the Component Editor is active, this command completely deletes the
selected component(s) from the Project. Note that this command is permanent and irreversible; PTW
will confirm before destroying a component. This command is unavailable if no symbols are currently
selected.

If you just want to remove a symbol from a One-Line Diagram without changing the system
configuration, or affecting the contents of the Project, use the Remove command. You can also
remove (not Destroy) a group of connected components from a One-Line Diagram using just the
Collapse command.

From a Library

If the Cable Library, Transformer Library, or Motor Control Center Library is the active document,
this command will delete a component from the Library. See each Library for specific instructions on
usage.

From a TCC Drawing

If a CAPTOR TCC Drawing is the active document, this command completely deletes the component
listed in the TCC Device list box from the Project. Note that this command is permanent and
irreversible; PTW will confirm before destroying a component.

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Changing Segments and Settings

The tab pages (that is, the left half of the dialog box) and the TCC Drawing viewport (that is, the right
half of the dialog box) are dynamically linked, so you may adjust settings either using the tab pages
and choosing the Redraw command, or by dragging a curve using the mouse pointer. When you drag
a curve, the settings in the tab pages will update to reflect the adjustment. (To add or delete segments,
you must use the tab pages.)

Using the tab pages to coordinate curves

The check boxes indicate how many segments the curve has. The segment < > buttons scroll forward
to segments 6-10, if needed. The first column of segment list boxes indicate the segment type, and the
second and third columns indicate the segment setting(s). Only certain devices have a second setting--
for example, a static trip device whose Short Time Delay (STD) segment has an optional function.

To change a segment type

1. Click on a segment type box to the right of the segment number.

2. Select a different segment type from the list.

3. Redraw the curve using the Redraw command.

To change a segment setting

1. Click on a segment setting box to the right of the segment number.

2. Select a different segment setting from the list.

3. Redraw the curve using the Redraw command.

To add a segment
1. Click on a blank setting box that follows the last active segment.

2. Select a segment type from the list.

3. Redraw the curve using the Redraw command.

To delete a segment
1. (This procedure does not delete the segment from the Library, but merely removes the segment from the curve; the
segment will still be available to be added to the curve.) Click on the setting type box for the segment to delete.

2. Choose the Delete button at the bottom of the tab page.

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3. Redraw the curve using the Redraw command.

To insert a segment
1. Click on a setting box where you want to insert the segment.

2. Choose the Insert button at the bottom of the tab page.

3. Choose a segment type and segment setting for the newly-inserted segment

4. Redraw the curve using the Redraw command.

Using the TCC Drawing to coordinate curves

(The mouse pointer will indicate in which direction you may adjust the segment, and the status bar
will indicate the mouse pointers location). To move a segment, you place the mouse pointer over it
until the mouse pointer becomes the time or the amperes adjustment pointer. When this occurs, press
the left mouse button and, while holding it, drag the segment in the indicated direction. The tab page
settings will automatically change to reflect the new setting.

Go to Component Editor command (Window menu)

(From a One-Line Diagram)

This command takes the selected components on the One-Line Diagram to the Component Editor.
These components will appear in the One-Line/TCC subset. You must have components selected for
the command to be available.

(From CAPTOR)

The command takes all the components in the TCC Drawing to the Component Editor. These
components will appear in the One-Line/TCC subset.

(From TMS, HI_WAVE, or I*SIM)

The command takes all the motors in a Case to the Component Editor. (This command will only be
active when a Case or a component in the Case is highlighted.)

Print command (Document menu)

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Use this command to print a One-Line Diagram, TCC Drawing, or Report. This command presents
the Print dialog box, where you can specify the range of pages to be printed, the number of copies, the
destination printer, and other printer setup options.

Dialog Box Options:

Printer

This is the active printer and printer connection. Choose the Setup option to change the printer and
printer connection.

Setup button

Displays the Print Setup dialog box, so you can select a printer and printer connection. For One-Line
Diagrams, you should also set borders, margins, and tiling feature using the Print Layout command.

Print Range

Specify the pages you want to print:

All Prints the entire file.

Selection Prints the currently
selected text.
Pages Prints the range of pages
you specify in the From
and To boxes.
Copies

Specify the number of copies you want to print for the above page range.

Print Quality

Select the quality of the printing. Generally, lower quality printing takes less time to produce.

Collate Copies

Prints copies in page number order, instead of separated multiple copies of each page.

____________________

See also

Print Preview

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Introduction to Forms and Areas

Forms let you align Reports, TCC Drawings, One-Line Diagrams, and TMS Plots nicely on a single
page. This is essential for any consulting packets or reports that you have to print. You may also set
up special title blocks for TCC Drawings and One-Line Diagrams that include such information as the
file name and the date. You may even include bitmaps on the Form, if you have a company logo or
watermark that you'd like to include.

In technical terms, a Form is a printing template (that is, a set of instructions to your printer) which
designates certain areas on a page to include specific One-Line Diagram, Report, and TCC Drawing
documents so that you can print them on a single page. When you print using a Form, the Form
automatically inserts the correct document into the correct area, so that the paper comes from your
printer just as you formatted it. Once you have created a Form, you may save it and use it again; also,
you may create many Forms, each with its own format. Your printer treats the entire Form as a single
page, and prints it without any excess appearing on a second page.

The key to Forms is the designated areas. When you set up a Form, you allocate rectangular areas of
the page for one of the six document types: One-Line Diagrams, Reports, TCC Drawings, TMS Plots,
bitmaps, and Title Blocks. Of the six, only Title Blocks are not a document per se; you set up Title
Blocks when you create the Form. When you are ready to print using a Form, you choose the Form to
use and select which specific documents to use.

For example, you might print using Form portfolio, which you have set to place a Report aside a
One-Line Diagram. When PTW asks you to specify which Report and which One-Line Diagram
(within the active Project) to insert into those two areas, you might select ls.rpt and draw1.drw. The
next time you use Form portfolio, you might specify Report sc.rpt and One-Line Diagram
bldg5.drw. The Form is only a blueprint for the page's layoutit does not keep a specific document
in an area, but asks you each time you print using that Form which document of that area's type to
insert.

____________________

See also

Setting Up a Form

Printing Using a Form

Previewing a Form Before Printing

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