technical note

Philips Magnetic Products

3S3 a new Soft Ferrite for

EMI-suppression

Philips
Components
 3S3
a new Soft Ferrite
for EMI-Suppression

Contents
Introduction 3

Material specifications 4

Typical material curves 5

Application notes 6

Product range 15

1
Philips Magnetic Products
Our range of rods in 3S3 material

2
Philips Magnetic Products
3S3 - a new Soft Ferrite for EMI-Suppression under bias conditions

Philips Components introduces a new manganese-zinc This has now changed with the introduction of
(MnZn) soft ferrite. It suppresses RF interference up to PHILIPS' new 3S3 MnZn ferrite material.
frequencies of 1 GHz, even under bias conditions, thereby
matching the performance of nickel-zinc ferrite (NiZn) . According to EACEM, 3S3 is:
Up to now, the extremely high resistivity (105Ωm), which
avoids the induction of eddy currents, made NiZn ferrites
the only option for suppression at very high frequencies. • Cadmium free
However the presence of nickel, cadmium and cobalt (even • Nickel free
• Cobalt free
in a chemically non-active form) in NiZn soft ferrites is a
disadvantage. These heavy metals are a potential hazard to
the environment, their use is often discouraged for
environmental reasons. and has a very low Zn content.
MnZn ferrites are the usual alternative, mainly because they Precise control of material composition has resulted in an
present no hazard to the environment, and their high
permeability (up to 10000) gives them excellent low- increase in resistivity to a value of around 104 Ωm, very
frequency characteristics. Until now, however, low close to the standard NiZn grades and thus rivalling the
resistivity (1 to 10 Ωm) has limited their frequency of performance of NiZn in RFI-suppression up to 1 GHz.
operation to a maximum of 30 MHz.
Moreover, 3S3 has a high Curie temperature and high
saturation, which together with the high resistivity make
this grade an ideal replacement for NiZn ferrites in
suppression applications under high DC bias field
conditions.

3
Philips Magnetic Products
Material specification of 3S3
The following table shows the properties of the new grade 3S3 has been specially developed for applications under
together with those of 4B1 material. It is clear from these high DC bias or high temperature conditions, such as rods
data that 3S3 can compete with the NiZn grades over the for noise suppression chokes which are used in many
whole frequency range up to 1 GHz. industrial areas, e.g.:

• Automotive component industry

• Home appliances
• Electric tools

MATERIAL
PROPERTY SYMBOL UNIT CONDITIONS 3S3 4B1
Initial permeability µi 25°C; ≤10kHz; 0.1mT ≈ 350 ≈ 250
Flux density B mT 25°C; 10kHz;250A/m ≈ 300 ≈ 300
100°C; 10kHz;250A/m ≈ 250 ≈ 260
Typical impedance Z (1) Ω 25°C; 30MHz ≈ 40 ≈ 45
25°C; 100MHz ≈ 75 ≈ 80
25°C; 300MHz ≈ 115 ≈ 90
Resistivity ρ Ωm DC; 25°C ≈ 10 4 ≈ 105
Curie temperature Tc °C ≥ 110 ≥ 250
Density kg/m3 ≈ 4800 ≈ 4600

Characteristics refer to:

- A standard , non-finished, ring core of dimensions 25/15/10 mm for all properties except impedance.
- A bead of dimensions 5/2/10 mm on a short wire for impedance values.
Properties of other products made from this material grade may be different, depending on shape, size or finishing.

4
Philips Magnetic Products
Typical material curves

MBW196 MBW192
10 4 1000
3S3 3S3
µi
µ's , µ''s
800

10 3

µ's 600

µ''s 400
10 2

200

10 0
10 1 1 10 f (MHz) 10 2 50 50 150 T (oC) 250

Fig.1 Complex permeability as a function of frequency Fig.2 Initial permeability as a function of temperature

MBW219
MBW198
500 150
25oC 3S3
100oC
3S3
B
Z
(mT)
(Ω)
400

100
300

200
50

100

0 0
50 0 50 100 500 1000 1 10 102 f (MHz) 103
H (A/m)

Fig.3 Typical B-H loops Fig.4 Impedance as a function of frequency

5
Philips Magnetic Products
Application Notes
In the car industry, first FM radios (86-108 MHz) and To create a high impedance, the rod is wound over the full
later electronic control and management were introduced, length. The maximum number of turns follows from the
and thus EMI suppression became a critical issue. minimum wire diameter, given by the current rating.
DC commutator motors, like starter motors, window
screen wiper motors, cooling fans or electric windows, can The material must have a high Curie temperature
cause HF interference. The most important characteristic of (operating temperatures will exceed 100oC) and high
these motors is the high current they need (up to a few tens saturation. These two parameters, together with the high
of amperes!). resistivity, indispensable to avoid short-circuits when the
winding is directly on a non-coated rod, make 3S3 specially
Due to these high currents, ferrite beads and wideband suited for these automotive applications and also for
chokes would certainly saturate. Current compensated suppressing EMI in electric power tools.
chokes or iron powder ring cores require expensive winding
operations. A good solution is a ferrite rod with a solenoid An extra advantage of 3S3 rods is that they have a higher
winding directly on the core. The open magnetic circuit of mechanical strength, which considerably reduces the risk of
a rod has a low effective permeability with high current breakage of the core during winding and automatic
carrying capability, while the lower inductance is not a insertion.
problem since the frequency is very high.

Remark: Philips Components only supplies the ferrite core, not the winding.

6
Philips Magnetic Products
Test and measurement
The relevant parameters for EMI suppression differ The filter used for these tests is constructed according to
completely from those in an antenna rod application. VDE 0565 (Part 2/9.78) and DIN 57 565 (Part 2).
Inductance and Q-factor are not of interest, but impedance
(Z) or attenuation (insertion loss IL) at the EMI At RF frequencies, a ferrite choke shows a high impedance
frequencies are. Therefore, measurements are carried out which suppresses unwanted interference current. The
with an impedance analyser (Z) or a network analyser (IL). resulting voltage over the load impedance will be lower
If the test requires the application of a high bias current, a than without suppression component, the ratio of the two
power supply is needed, and also a special LC filter with 2 is called Insertion Loss. See figure 5:
functions:
The insertion loss is expressed as:

• To protect the measurement equipment from the DC IL = 20•log (E0/E)

current. IL = 20•log |ZG + ZL + ZS| / |ZG + ZL|
• To eliminate the influence of the power supply For a 50Ω/ 50Ω system:
impedance on the HF measurement.
IL = 20•log(1 + Z/100) dB
3S3fig5
Zs E = load voltage with inductor
I
Eo = load voltage without inductor

ZG ZL To express insertion loss in dB seems very practical

because interference levels are usually expressed in decibels
as well. But be aware! Insertion loss depends on source
interference Ui I and load impedance, so it is not a pure product parameter
source like impedance. In the application source and load are
seldom 50W fixed resistors. They might be reactive,
frequency dependent and quite different from 50W.

Conclusion:
I Insertion loss is a standardized parameter for comparison,
but it will not predict directly the attenuation in the
actual application.
ZG ZL

interference Ui IL
source

Z G = Generator impedance

Z s = Suppression impedance

Z L = Load impedance

Fig 5 Principles of EMI-suppression

7
Philips Magnetic Products
Example of an Insertion Loss specification

I DC = 0 I DC = 26 A
CONDITIONS IL CONDITIONS IL
50MHz, 25°C ≈ 20 dB 50MHz, 140°C ≈ 18 dB
100MHz, 25°C ≈ 28 dB 100MHz, 140°C ≥ 22.5 dB
200MHz, 25°C ≈ 29 dB 200MHz, 140°C ≈ 30 dB

Measured on ROD6.5/25-3S3 with 14 turns of diam. 1.6mm copper wire

0 3S3 fig6

IL
(dB)
- 10

26 A
- 20

- 30

- 40
0A

- 50
1 10 100 1000
f (MHz)

Fig. 6 Insertion loss of a choke consisting of a ferrite rod type ROD6.5/25-3S3 and 14 turns of ª 1.6mm copper wire under
various conditions, measured in a 50W /50W system

8
Philips Magnetic Products
Saturation and temperature
Choke design (ferrite rod and coil) should be such that for In the case of thicker wire and fewer turns, temperature is
the rated DC current the two major negative effects on its the limitation. DC currents are higher and dissipation due
attenuation are kept within limits. These effects are: to the resistance of the copper winding will heat up the
ferrite. This will decrease the saturation level and the
• Saturation impedance characteristics of the material. Z and IL curves
• Heating will start changing until an equilibrium temperature is
reached.
The cross-section (effective area) of the ferrite core is
inversely proportional to saturation current and directly
proportional to attenuation. And the larger the volume of These factors must be taken into account during the design
the rod, the longer it takes to heat it. of a choke. The application itself will determine the final
performance, because not in every case the DC current is
applied for a long time.
If the coil consists of thin wire and many turns, saturation
limits the performance. In this case current is not very high
and heating is not the real problem. Once the bias is on, For example, the motors of an electric window or sun roof
the change in Z or IL characteristics with respect to the are only working for a few seconds, so there is no time for a
non-magnetized state (0A) remains stable, This means, it serious temperature rise. But fuel pumps or some
does not matter how long the current is applied, since ventilators are continuously on, so temperatures can
temperature rise will be small and does not affect the become very high and stabilize at these levels.
behaviour of the choke.

The graphs on next pages show different impedance and

insertion loss characteristics for two choke designs,
measured in a 50Ω/50Ω system.

9
Philips Magnetic Products
Impedance and insertion loss versus frequency for a choke consisting of a ferrite rod ROD3/17-3S3 and 17 turns of
∅ 0.85mm copper wire under various conditions.

0 3S3 fig7
1 0 A (≈25˚C)
IL
(dB) 2 7 A (≈25˚C)
- 10
3 7 A ( ≈40 ˚C after 5 minutes)

- 20 Ferrite: ROD3/17-3S3

Coil: 17 turns, ∅ 0.85 mm

3
- 30
2
1

- 40

- 50
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.7 Insertion loss as a function of frequency

5 3S3 fig8

Z 1 0 A ( ≈25˚C)
(kΩ)
2 7 A ( ≈25˚C)
4
1 3 7 A (≈40˚C after 5 minutes)

3
2
3
Ferrite: ROD3/17-3S3

2 Coil: 17 turns, ∅ 0.85 mm

0
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.8 Impedance as a function of frequency

10
Philips Magnetic Products
Impedance and insertion loss versus frequency for a choke consisting of a ferrite rod ROD6.5/25-3S3 and 14 turns of
∅ 1.6mm copper wire under various conditions.

0 3S3 fig9
1 0 A (≈25˚C)
IL
(dB) 2 26 A (≈25˚C)
- 10
3 26 A ( ≈140 ˚C after 30 minutes)

3
- 20 2 Ferrite: ROD6.5/25-3S3

Coil: 14 turns, ∅ 1.6 mm

- 30

- 40
1

- 50
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.9 Insertion loss as a function of frequency

10 3S3 fig10

Z 1 0 A ( ≈25˚C)
(kΩ) 1
2 26 A ( ≈25˚C)
8
3 26 A (≈140˚C after 30 minutes)

6
2

4 Ferrite: ROD6.5/25-3S3

Coil: 14 turns, ∅ 1.6 mm

3
0
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.10 Impedance as a function of frequency

11
Philips Magnetic Products
Impedance and insertion loss versus frequency for a choke consisting of a ferrite rod ROD3/17-3S3 and 17 turns of
∅ 0.85mm copper wire under various conditions.

0 3S3 fig11
1 0 A (≈25˚C)
IL
(dB) 2 4 A (≈40˚C)

-10 3 6 A ( ≈40˚C)

4 7 A ( ≈40˚ C)

- 20

Ferrite: ROD3/17-3S3
4
- 30 Coil: 17 turns, ∅ 0.85 mm
1
2 3

- 40

- 50
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.11 Insertion loss as a function of frequency

5 3S3 fig12

Z 1 0 A ( ≈25˚C)
(kΩ)
2 4 A ( ≈40 ˚C)
4
3 6 A (≈40˚C)
1
4 7 A (≈40˚C)
3

Ferrite: ROD3/17-3S3
2
3
2 Coil: 17 turns, ∅ 0.85 mm
4

0
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.12 Impedance as a function of frequency

12
Philips Magnetic Products
Impedance and insertion loss versus frequency for a choke consisting of a ferrite rod ROD6.5/25-3S3 and 14 turns of
∅ 1.6mm copper wire under various conditions.

0 3S3 fig13
1 0 A (≈25˚C)
IL
(dB) 2 15 A (≈75˚C)
- 10
3 20 A ( ≈9 0˚C)

4 23 A ( ≈110˚C)
5 3
- 20
5 26 A (≈140˚C)
4

- 30 Ferrite: ROD6.5/25-3S3
2
Coil: 14 turns, ∅ 1.6 mm

- 40
1

- 50
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.13 Insertion loss as a function of frequency

10 3S3 fig14

Z 1 0 A ( ≈25˚C)
(kΩ)
2 15 A ( ≈75˚C)
8
1 3 20 A (≈90˚C)

4 23 A (≈110˚C)
6
2 5 26 A ( ≈140 ˚C)

4 Ferrite: ROD6.5/25-3S3

3 Coil: 14 turns, ∅ 1.6 mm

2
4

5
0
1 10 100 f (MHz) 1000

Fig.14 Impedance as a function of frequency

13
Philips Magnetic Products
Choke design
The function of these chokes is to suppress Electro Conclusions
Magnetic Interference (EMI) at certain frequencies in DC In a suppression choke made from a ferrite rod and
commutator motors. The most common frequency range is operating under bias conditions the performance is defined
50 to 200 MHz. For this purpose, it is necessary to achieve by a combination of all following parameters:
the maximum impedance or attenuation within that range.

The best solution is a rod with a single layer winding over

• Rod size
its full length. Additionally, a large DC current causes an
increase of temperature and/or a high premagnetization of • Material characteristics
• Wire diameter
the rod .

• Number of turns
Selecting the choke
From the application point of view, the thicker the rod, the
better it would be: the more cross section (effective area),
the less saturation and the more attenuation, and moreover,
the larger current it stands without heating up. But some
• DC current level
other considerations, as a limited space or low cost, make
the rod and coil selection a critical issue. • Duration of the DC current
Impedance and attenuation depend on the mechanical • Operating conditions (temperature)
• .....
dimensions of the rod, but hardly on the material
permeability at lower frequencies. Other material
parameters, like Curie temperature, resistivity and
saturation, are of importance. The main effects of DC current on the choke are saturation
and heating. Performance of the choke may change because
At higher frequencies the winding plays a major role. The of these effects.
performance is limited by the parallel capacitance of the
winding and not by the ferrite properties.

The DC current is given by the application. Starting from

this current and the duration of its application, a suitable
wire type should be chosen.

The maximum number of turns follows from the rod

length and wire diameter. Impedance (or attenuation) level
is proportional to the square of the number of turns.

14
Philips Magnetic Products
Product Range
The following standard rods will be available in the new grade 3S3.
Additional, customized, sizes can be manufactured upon request.

Type Number Diameter Length

(mm) (mm)
ROD2.2/16-3S3 2.2 - 0.2 16 ± 0.4

ROD2.5/20-3S3 2.45 - 0.2 20 - 0.8

RODR3/17-3S3-DL 3 - 0.05 17 ± 0.3

ROD3/20-3S3 3 - 0.3 20 ± 0.4

ROD3.3/17-3S3 3.3 ± 0.1 17 ± 0.3

ROD3.3/20-3S3 3.3 ± 0.1 20 + 0.4/ - 0.6

ROD4/20-3S3 4 - 0.3 20 ± 0.5

ROD5/14-3S3 5 - 0.3 14 - 0.8

ROD5/18-3S3-DL 5 - 0.05 18 ± 0.3

ROD5/20-3S3 5 - 0.3 20 ± 0.5

ROD5/25-3S3 5 - 0.3 25 - 1

ROD5/30-3S3 5 - 0.3 30 - 1.2

ROD5.3/18-3S3 5.25 - 0.3 18 ± 0.3

ROD5.3/35-3S3 5.3 - 0.3 35 ± 0.6

ROD6/25-3S3 6 - 0.3 25 ± 0.6

ROD6/30-3S3 6 - 0.3 30 ± 0.9

ROD6.5/25-3S3 6.5 - 0.3 25 ± 0.6

15
Philips Magnetic Products
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Tel. +64 9 815 4000, Fax. +64 9 849 7811 thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or
intellectual property rights.
Norway: Norsk A/S Philips, OSLO,
Tel. +47 22 74 8000, Fax. +47 22 74 8341 Printed in The Netherlands
Pakistan: Philips Electrical Industries of Pakistan Ltd., KARACHI,
Tel. +92 21 587 4641-49, Fax. +92 21 577 035/+92 21 587 4546 Document order number: 9398 083 37011 Date of release: 02/97

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