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EFA - Module 2 r1

This document provides information on various types of wounds and injuries, signs of shock, burn treatment, lifting techniques, and bandaging. It describes closed wounds, abrasions, punctures, incisions, lacerations, and avulsions. It outlines symptoms of minor blood loss, moderate blood loss, and severe blood loss. Treatment for shock, positioning, monitoring, and transfer to a medical facility are discussed. First aid for thermal, chemical, and electrical burns, as well as burn rescue and treatment are covered. Proper lifting techniques, assisted walking, and various carries and drags are demonstrated. Different types of bandages and their applications are illustrated.

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Jerry Cañero
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
400 views57 pages

EFA - Module 2 r1

This document provides information on various types of wounds and injuries, signs of shock, burn treatment, lifting techniques, and bandaging. It describes closed wounds, abrasions, punctures, incisions, lacerations, and avulsions. It outlines symptoms of minor blood loss, moderate blood loss, and severe blood loss. Treatment for shock, positioning, monitoring, and transfer to a medical facility are discussed. First aid for thermal, chemical, and electrical burns, as well as burn rescue and treatment are covered. Proper lifting techniques, assisted walking, and various carries and drags are demonstrated. Different types of bandages and their applications are illustrated.

Uploaded by

Jerry Cañero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

Closed Wound
• Skin’s surface is not broken
• Tissue damage and any bleeding occur below
the surface.

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Sprain Contusion

Hematoma Ecchymosis
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Abrasion –wounds resulting from scraping off of
the skin and underlying tissues

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Puncture – wounds caused by pointed objects

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Incision – wounds caused by sharp objects

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Laceration – wounds that has jagged or irregular
edges

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Avulsion – wounds caused by forcible separation
or tearing of the tissues

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Symptoms are minimal
Up to 750 ml
•Pulse rate above 100/min
750 ml - 1,500 ml •Breathing above 20/min
•Anxiety and Restlessness

•Pulse rate above 120/min


•Breathing above 30/min
1,500 ml – 2,000 ml •Decreased Blood Pressure
•Skin is cool
•Confusion

•Pulse rate above 140/min


•Breathing above 30/min
More 2,000 ml •Very low unrecordable Blood
Pressure
•Skin is cool and white
•Unconsciousness
1. Direct Pressure/
Side Pressure

2. Elevation

3. Pressure Bandage

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


4. Tourniquet

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Ask patient to lean forward

Apply pressure over the soft part


of the nose

Apply cold compress over the


nose

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
PROCEDURE

1. Applies direct/side pressure over the bleeding


site
2. Performs elevation of the bleeding part
3. Applies pressure bandage over the injured part
4. Apply tourniquet

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


A continuous deterioration
of many body functions
due to failure to deliver
enough oxygen-rich
blood to the body’s
tissues and vital organs
after an injury or illness

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Pump Failure

Blood Loss

Vasodilation

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Cause
1. Cardiogenic Inadequate heart function.
2. Anaphylactic Allergy
3. Hypovolemic Blood or fluid los
4. Metabolic Excessive loss of fluid and
electrolytes due to vomiting,
urination, or diarrhea.
5. Neurogenic Damaged cervical spine
6. Psychogenic Temporary, generalized vascular
dilation
7. Septic Severe Bacterial Infection
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
1. Restlessness or irritability.
2. Altered level of consciousness.
3. Nausea or vomiting.
4. Pale, ashen or grayish, cool, moist skin.
5. Rapid breathing and pulse.
6. Excessive thirst

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


1. Unresponsiveness and Apathy
2. Eyes lack luster
3. Pupils are dilated
4. Mottled appearances
5. Low Blood pressure
6. Unconsciousness
7. Body temperature falls

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


1. Identify/Eliminate the Cause of Shock

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


2. Position Victim Comfortably

Elevate the lower extremities from 8-12


inches to improve blood circulation to
the brain

Elevate the upper part of the body for


difficulty of breathing

Recovery position

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


3. Maintain Normal Body Temperature

4. Monitoring Status (VS and LOC)

5. Transfer to Medical Facility if needed

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
PROCEDURE

1. Positions the victim based on the prescribed


shock condition of victim
2. Provides means to maintain body heat of the
victim
3. Monitors vital signs and level of consciousness
4. Endorses victim to medical personnel

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Thermal Burn

Chemical Burn

Electrical Burn

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Cool the burned area
with cold running water

Cover the burn loosely


with bandage

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


1. Flush the burn with
large amounts of cool
running water.
2. Remove
contaminated
clothes
3. Seek Medical
Attention

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


1. Make sure that the
scene is safe
2. Check for Breathing
and Pulse
3. Resuscitate if
needed
4. Treat Burn
5. Seek medical
attention

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Rescue
 a procedure of moving a
victim from unsafe place to a
safe place

Transfer
 a procedure of moving a
victim from safe place to a
much safer place

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


1. Legs should be shoulder-width apart,
back straight, head up, and shoulders
square.
2. If the victim is on the ground, lower
your body by bending your knees and
squatting down to the victim or
backboard.
3. Lift with palms facing upward, keeping
the weight to be lifted as close to your
body as possible.
4. Keep your arms straight and locked
into position.
5. Lift by straightening the leg not the
back

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


• Fire or danger of fire
• Explosion or danger of explosion
• Danger of electrocution
• Presence of chemical or gases that may
asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen
• Danger of drowning
• Being in a precarious situation when a victim may
be crushed by falling objects or collapsing structure
• Exposure to extreme weather conditions that will
worsen the condition of the victim

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


• Nature and severity of the injury
• Size of the victim
• Physical capability of the first aider
• Number of person and equipment
available
• Nature of evacuation route
• Distance to be covered
• Sex of the victim (last consideration)

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ONE –MAN ASSIST, DRAG AND CARRY

Assist to Walk Carry by Arms Packstrap Carry Fireman’s Carry

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Pick-a-Back Blanket Drag Underarm Drag

Clothes Drag Foot Drag Fireman’s Drag


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Hand as a Litter

Four-hand Seat
Chair as a Litter

Carry by Extremities
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Bearer’s Along Side Hammock Carry

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Military stretcher

Neil-Robertson stretcher
Basket stretcher

Scoop stretcher
Spine board stretcher

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


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ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
PROCEDURE

1. Identifies the lifting technique appropriate for the


victim and situation provided
2. Executes lifting techniques correctly
3. Observes proper body mechanics when lifting and
moving victim
4. Transfers victim to designated area
5. Keeps the victim safe and comfortable all
throughout the procedure

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Dressing - used over the wounds
to absorb blood and other fluids;
and to prevent infection.

Bandage - a clean cloth material


used to hold the dressing

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Open Phase Broad Cravat

Semi-Broad Cravat Narrow Cravat


Eye/Forehead Bandage Forearm/leg Bandage Palm Pressure

Ear, Cheek and Jaw Sprained Ankle


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
Top of the Head Face Bandage Hand Bandage

Chest/Back Bandage Arm Sling

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
PROCEDURE

1. Applies appropriate bandaging technique for


identified injury
2. Ensures that bandage is not too tight nor too loose
3. Finishes bandaging within the specified time frame
4. Handles the injured part carefully when doing
bandaging
5. Secures the bandage with pins or square knot

ELEMENTARY FIRST AID


Please click here to watch the video
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ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

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