Chapter 2 l a lot

Chem)Ay

Acdls oand badeaAcddaaa 20u tahde amd

Claamae Has Colout blue [Link] ried
lae tesm hao been detaved om dha \atiauresd
acioludrhiolmnaam&ou Aoade Gneneally
acioli laaneaÄleaa eneinAaA hudangenlatoms
in Haeis fsmulae a a

Anocid ma [Link] a chemical Aubglance

uhichAelease eme o meie Hor H i o n
aquesu 38luim.

Loses are bitter and ahe haColeu eho ved

Dnuusctn blueGenesally baaesnae cna mo
nwdoxu CoH) grouhs key yduce hydaoxy
imA oH hen ditoledl im edes alla

Abase may be dened as a chemical 8ub&tance

ancinch eleanes ae ar mareoi ienilin aa e
NaOH KDH eBc

Add-Bale indicals Nadural sathetc materials

Lotnich indicate hs preenet ak imdieaier
actd obade a
Seludion ahe Callecl acid hase c

Siaphomdicated
LLm &olution 4t is pusple dye uahich LA exbacked
oo lichen, a þlamt belonging tohdhaaion
thallopayta
acid-Blue1itmw Red
Soluhom

Base> Kea tmus BLue

Solu on
 Phenelathaleio: s cololem nq gane
inocioic m e u t a l nedium but t e h
o pink in balie
medum
Achhyl9amge t a am crangeclouheddye
keebs -thik calaus inn He neutalnediwm anh.
[Link] nmediun the colaurahuindcdol becem2 JRd nd
asicmedium it chomgeato elloto
Red
Calobege uice 4 kour Colsu sMand ed
acidic
mediumbut
S babis 3
clhamgla tuo p0n f s i mMid
alkalime
uhmeic golutim dtJs elkouo cuRand ntng
OALgell os meutal madium ac
pllac 3ndhi bosic naidin eolow jmO
Me celow Chne
sgddih b&euen
olfactchy indicalos: hese
hes cdew lhamges n acideaAsChenical
a
uk
e baie
micn ,lamilla clove oil medu
Reoctions sh asid ea bajeitsiH
Add Metal Solt+ nactai
Ae na ctals ka Hydkngin
zinc Lead amd ak
ectLeitn
fohm alt. bases to ive s
Alumunium
aNaOH Zm
ayydicglnga a
lZm0, +H2
Sdiuum 2indau)
 Reactud ah ahaheomttollicloxd oih bole
Nan-metallie Oxidet Base>Salt wal
cO Ca(oH), CaCO Ho

Ho&thang ohe acidA bas LauliMA

Any aquesuus &oluthan, be id acdic, alkam
ndudral Lhaue but H and OH ion
he Aolubm uil be
ocdio alkalink depend
ia losg0 Concentra k
HAcale measuimaq hudrogeM n ComC
agolutuw CalLed pHAcale has bean olavela
pH 3cale oas given yoa Danikh
Sohensem he p Im bH 2tdmdA Chemikt
i emam me aning
r i Pte
Pocs
DH 8hould be thsught ot
blw 0- 14 Lohieh imdiceimply as a mumbe2
she acidic or baic
motw oa &elutim ugher tha hydssgen en
ConC lotoe & n i pH value
dic
notuue e e 4
matu2
incteasUA
im H 1e Neuhal in OH Tm
Kneleda8 CrC

PH=
me u' lonh megtie LogaAithm. da dh bose 10 o
CornCRdxolu he ccmCenbeatuos d
 LR&. bSodium 41udtoxidealuat
naakA eaP
4 sodium yela kle iLLNAaPes
Omd detrezgemta.
2 SodduLmhydaoxide uaed bel mmaking aAfida
bitocile Ribrea siuch-las yen)
3 u uitdthtpyepanothlem o 20da Xik
Camaixtuerusat Na@Hamd Ca0)
is us as a cleamking agant i achi
n a a d oaActal &hectat

3 Boking &oda (NaH COg

Hhe@hemucalsname a bakmg 3udands 2odhunm
ydiagen Carbenolese diwm bicasbeinat
NauH L0aySiCanila prepatd n30du
Nacl HO+ CO+ NH NHCtNaHCG
9inc giglkiy seurbli in luatesittcom
St i a muld mm Drsiaye
zeotuo toke place daln [Link]
Alaeate d dLsing
2
NaucOtHet Nac0t H,O+ C02

BeigalkalumetdA an imgedue
bot reictadlisex exces
eucid taath
imiqmacids
proidleA tamxach cund
( ) Hntiisusad2eliebtuaHOg-tHC Naclt HOt Cco2
9 La ked inseoda- acid4ase
Im onaakimg oxting uishes,
dko o bkmg X0s baking
n d milA pouodez aixtu
i a h maiha? ediale ad likR astos
 shen oaking PoulesAhid
[Link]
Co 90 seleaasd
N a H C
co tHDgediumAalkaacd
sRd CO caueo seadior cakes da a i
l ekeltaAtd
mhaklan9hemsautoma&pengy JRkugey

4)BleachingPotwduy Caoh
BleaclingPoLldeid Calcum c h l i d e .9t
poLadaz
allo knsun as ehleAdt a me. Bleachingen
chloáne
Com lbe erepatd loythL_adhm ah
dh slaked n CaCoH,

CaloHt CaOcl +H0

slid
Bleachisa poLDoleh ik ayellatanxh hile

UseA oBleachmng Pouole

i_an xidiking agen

S i sed fe demfechng danking walit fu
make itree frem gemi
LD ihe spaet mpestam use cb LReacung potwde Lsin
textile mduiky fon bleaching catlen amel inea
apesindastuor bleaching Lormod plulp
Laundh a bleachimg ashed elotthes

wlashing Soda Na, CO H,0

[Link] bende s sbtaned by heating [Link]
eadtlat Bodium Casbomale cutained bytht ab0
r0ce isaecatalised ege ueashmds0d
Nacogt 1OHo aC0 10 H Op
`oddum carbenat caled da ah
e
#Reaclumi
onotadeidsLdth onatal hujcdzagenca2kenal
daetak Cabermale4 t
Motal Cobomale Acid Salta HhO +CO
chal laydogem Casubenal A c i d Salt + Hot C2
M e t a

for ea ibian nihula2A

NaubCOAy
2 HL Nacl(oa Hh 94+CO,9
Nalcos ( HCLlaq) acLaa)HoD)[Link]
he eleased C0 q03 tuenAi m e ucatmilk
due dopeinnalA etCiaCo n

CaLoH oa+CO9 aCO2 (s)+HOL

en pasing excess COg the milkyshis ppit

Cacoa cCs) + H, o(+C0,tg) Ca(HCO)a )

Nedsolizauo 2eacthon
Hchoaical exn bluo am acid amda baoto Aa
2at amd oale 3 knobon o meutuliialkosLAdLn
n gtneal neutzAlaten 2xn Cam he Litten a
Base+ Acid Calt+ HO
NaoHa HCRa Nae Ha0

Keaciond o alal cxida wiHh acidu a

Mefal oxide acàd 3alttuT
CuO
Cobhes oiols
HCO Cucla H,o
 Leds e aock 3alteslsocmed uhan Seas o
oy [Link] agco duieal p . Rockal imined
i k e cenl
LKaelcdytbste
oolisedsalt is2odium chloide
wmixed ithia 2nmall ameumd op
edime Hhe pupa e addina
odine do prevend ARA
occu enee o a diseale knoum
as qou Lsea allHamilia
Ler al SediuLm lalLezide
t i s najs imgse alient elible elt
t u wSLd as o prLsevatis
Campouaada Lik NaDH, Bokimg soda (nlaHCD3)
Qond woln oda a oataonad l rom sacl
Sodiunaculeoide
44 s ed do melt ice em JailluatinS and
cold coumtaiesluing heau Anouo lal

2 Sodium Mydhoxide (Na OH): a

laoH k Conamml knmoum ad CaLustc Socla

Sodlium hydroxuid matufa dttwrad l electalsS
oomoquenA sekuhom oj Sodium chleide
Ccalled brine)chloine qas is given eht
AAOnede and laHlhogen qas a a
h cahcda
Kodium hudhoxde solutm fomed mea
Catheda 2Nla cLeag +2 H,o[)2Na0H a clty
T s pcmce iscaled
sllh Chlel-alkal e the product
*emed chlor o m chletint aleali for Sodium hynd
 Salls 2
Sallaat mesal00y [Link] uehich an
obtained atmeudiliiluon eadtun alwacidsan
Acid Basa Saltload d2
HCA
gytNa.oHa9, aclag H l
n acat salt Jlha cailucm L dezived frem
base amol amiom js delived om_acid
Salla
msstlag&oida uzith highnalting Poin
ahe

Shey a ssuble im ale

Dtezelbkpes d&al
NomalSalt NaNOg
in [Link] Salts NaHso
ii) Bosic Salls PlOH cL
Civ) Double 8alts FeSoy(NH2 O6H,o
Sats o a ae3 acid amd a Seng bàialo
meutroal unth pHvalue s
enhe o-her namd sels dh traacid
Rak base ae ecidic unth pH ua lue LeGnd
Omd Hhan
hei o9romg bae amd reak
acid a boic im matuwe
mee ha
AhpH Valu

1 Commem Salt ([Link]) Table gelt

i s okained bu neutaalätuen iaclan
Na
bl HCO i obtained Cma laxge acale po
2acooes
Lo CakolLa ole e{tem bom alueto he
Prebence [Link] is calles Rock Salt
3 3
 [Link] sGusiduatamces.n
h kettm bassisandlcsppet vessels ?
Cud i basically Ladhenacid Slmulasky
tni
[Link] kne ht
2act thu etalstta fefo Salti omd atzr
heekoi Cd amd AOwbkubatances.a Atoiad
inbiakdamd obhez vesLeLi, Alau acsel unll zaatt
Lzth the mmctaliame imay pmduca henme kalta
elnich ahe poigomsLu and hencuuid fo2 huma

C.2 A Leluduim ALadA t h cauuhud egg-Rhel

gie a aas thattuns wme wates, [Link]
he selutim comtains ?
nb t s theigad ealeeltusnselime atld ailkyh
90 js CasbomdioxideLEA htlcehed
20g ahelacaainCalciumiCaihonatajLshic
AADds Lith HCL da gi CoSat amd uaks
he eauathon
CocO3 ) 2HCa CaC2 HO CClg
sioml oia soludionleNaoH ia foumd to be
Caonletey [Link] y g mshia qiuen &elaien)
He J uretake 20m o hs same
Asuim NaoH, the amaunt HC&suhmhi
sam 2aludion os behese)Segured oneltsalikad
16m A& lo ml ob NaoH gelutim is
Coraplekely meutaalizaal by 8m d HCLAslui
16 H ul he Aagud tn meLutaauga
-20 o NaOt keluthn
 Qubuhy ola HO HNOg,eto gha achdlicdaede
m aqueka olutnLehil kolutini.s
Cenmpaumnds ike auleDhol ond gliucio
domotshow acidie chahacke?
Salutiam ike HCIP03 ekc3hot kao
acidicCloactesgLein laguegus 2olutims
CusteyCondan th dhactuen HTamd
pnoluiciyda0genim Ha n Audon
Lehaalas Asluluanu CampaumdA
SuchaA alcoheli and alucell olo nel Aorm
Omu uCh ims amd hemce doasiAhsD

CS Sh dses am
Conduuct
aqueobstution
eleeDacihabisal
am acu
faab An
ag. 8&olutom e an acio aondudn elecbic
a ocios olssoclat ita
hiudrogenJens(H
im_2olushanu9hAch id
delectádty Hrough 2Apongsiblfar Cnduch
he Aoui n
An.6a olutan oe gucoe
cdoatinaladucii