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Tutorial Per Unit Systems

This document provides data on three power systems, including generator and transformer ratings and reactances. It asks the reader to: 1. Draw impedance diagrams for each system showing all impedances in per-unit values on specified bases 2. Determine generator EMF values and motor/load currents using the per-unit representations.

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Jacobeth Ntsatsi
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131 views2 pages

Tutorial Per Unit Systems

This document provides data on three power systems, including generator and transformer ratings and reactances. It asks the reader to: 1. Draw impedance diagrams for each system showing all impedances in per-unit values on specified bases 2. Determine generator EMF values and motor/load currents using the per-unit representations.

Uploaded by

Jacobeth Ntsatsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Per-unit system

Exercise 1

The line diagram of a three phase system is shown in Fig. 1. The manufacturer’s data for each
device is given:

T1 T2
1 2 3 4
Line1

G M
T3 T4
5 6
Line2
Load

Fig. 1: One lien model of the power system

G: 90 MVA 22 kV X=18%
T1: 50 MVA 22/220 kV X=10%
T2: 40 MVA 220/11 kV X=6%
T3: 40 MVA 22/110 kV X=6.4%
T4: 40 MVA 110/11 kV X=8%
M: 66.5 MVA 10.45 kV X=18.5%
The three-phase load at bus 4 absorbs 57 MVA at 0.6 power factor at 10.45 kV. Line 1 and
line 2 reactances are respectively 48.4 and 65.43 Ω.
1. Selecting a common base of 100 MVA and 22 kV on the generator side, draw the
impedance diagram with all the impedances including the load in per-unit values.
It is assumed that the motor operates at full load at 0.8 power factor lagging at terminal
voltage of 10.45kV.
2. Using the per-unit representation, determine the current in the motor, current in the load,
EMF of motor and EMF of the generator.
Exercise 2

T1 T2
G1 2 3 4
Line

G2
Load

Fig. 2: One line model of the power system

In the one line diagram of Fig. 2, each generator is rated at 200 MVA, 13.8 kV and has a
reactance of 0.85 pu and is generating 1.15 pu. Transformer T1 is rated at 500 MVA,
13.5/220 kV and has a reactance of 8%. The transmission reactance is 7.8Ω. Transformer T2
has a rating of 400 MVA, 220/33 kV and a reactance of 11%. The load is 250 MVA at 0.85
power factor lagging.

1. Convert all the quantities to a common base of 500 MVA and 220 kV on the transmission
line and draw the circuit diagram with values in pu.
2. Determine the EMF of each generator.

Exercise 3
Draw the impedance diagram of the electric power system of Fig. 3 showing all the
impedances in per unit on a 100 MVA base. Choose 20 kV as the voltage base for the
generator. The ratings of the different devices are

G1: 90 MVA 20 kV X=9%


T1: 80 MVA 20/200 kV X=16%
T2: 80 MVA 200/20 kV X=20%
G2: 90 MVA 18 kV X=9%
Line 200 kV X=120 Ω
Load 200 kV S= 48+j64 MVA

T1 T2
1 2
Line
G1 G2

Load
Fig. 3: one line diagram of the electric system

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