MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032)
Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)
NSCP 2015 422.6.4.1.1 For square or rectangular columns, concentrated loads, or
413.3 Shallow Foundations reaction areas, critical sections for two-way shear in accordance with
413.3.1.1 Minimum base area of foundation shall be calculated from Section 422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be permitted to be defined
unfactored forces and moments transmitted by foundation to soil or assuming straight edges.
rock or permissible bearing pressure selected through principles of 422.6.4.1.2 For a circular or regular polygon-shaped column, critical
soil or rock mechanics sections for two-way shear on accordance with Section 422.6.4.1 (a)
413.3.1.2 Overall depth of foundation shall be selected such that the and (b) shall be permitted to be defined assuming a square column of
effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 150 mm equivalent area.
413.2.7.1 Mu at the supported member shall be permitted to be 422.6.5.2 vc shall be calculated in accordance with Table 422.6.5.2.
calculated at the critical section defined in accordance with Table Table 422.6.5.2
413.2.7.1. Calculation of vc for Two-way Shear
Table 413.2.7.1
Location of Critical Section for Mu
Note: β is the ratio of long side to short side of column, concentrated
load, or reaction area and αs is given in Section 422.6.5.3
413.2.7.3 Circular or regular polygon-shaped concrete columns or
pedestals shall be permitted to be treated as square members of 422.6.5.3 The value of αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge
equivalent area when locating critical sections for moment shear and columns, and 20 for corner columns.
development of reinforcement
422.8 Bearing
413.3.2 One-way shallow foundations 422.8.3.2 Nominal bearing strength, Bn, shall be calculated in
413.2.1 The design and detailing of one-way shallow foundations, accordance with Table 422.8.3.2, where A1 is the loaded area and A2
including strip footings, combined footings, and grade beams, shall is the lower base of the largest frustum of a pyramid, cone, or tapered
be in accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of wedge contained wholly within the support and having its upper base
Sections 407 and 409 (Beams and One-way Slabs) equal to the loaded area. The sides of the pyramid, cone, or tapered
413.2.2 Reinforcement shall be distributed uniformly across entire wedge shall be sloped 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.
width of one-way footings Table 422.8.3.2
Nominal Bearing Strength
413.3.3 Two-Way Isolated Footings
413.3.3.2 In square two-way footings, reinforcement shall be
distributed uniformly across entire width of footing in both directions.
413.3.3.3 In rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed in
accordance with (a) and (b).
a. Reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed uniformly
across entire width of footing.
b. For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total 413.4 Deep Foundations
reinforcement, 𝛾𝑠 𝐴𝑠 , shall be distributed uniformly over a band width 413.4.1.1 Number and arrangement of piles drilled piers and
equal to the length of short side of footing, centered on centerline of caissons shall be determined from unfactored forces and moments
column or pedestal. Remainder of reinforcement shall be distributed transmitted to these members and permissible member capacity
uniformly outside the center band width of the footing where 𝛾𝑠 is selected through principles of soil or rock mechanics.
calculated by: 413.4.2.1 Overall depth of pile cap shall be selected such that the
𝟐 effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 300 mm.
𝜸𝒔 = 413.4.2.2 Factored moments and shears shall be permitted to be
𝜷+𝟏
calculated with the reaction from any pile assumed to be
(413.3.3.3)
concentrated at the centroid of the pile section.
where 𝜷 is the ratio of long to short side of footing
413.4.2 Pile Cap
422.5 One-Way Shear Strength
413.4.2.5 Calculation of factored shear on any section through a pile
422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without axial force, 𝑽𝑪 shall
cap shall be in accordance with (a) through (c)
be calculated by:
a. Entire reaction from any pile with its center located dpile/2 or more
𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀√𝒇′𝒄𝒃𝒘 𝒅 outside the section shall be considered as producing shear on that
(422.5.5.1) section;
422.6 Two-Way Shear Strength b. Reaction from any pile with its center located dpile/2 or more
422.6.1.4 Two-way shear shall be resisted by a section with a depth d inside the section shall be considered as producing no shear on that
and an assumed critical perimeter 𝒃𝒐 as defined in Section 422.6.4. section.
422.6.2.1 For calculation of 𝒗𝒄 and 𝒗𝒔 for two-way shear, d shall be c. For intermediate positions of pile center, the portion of the pile
the average of the effective depths in the two orthogonal directions. reaction to be considered as producing shear on the section shall be
422.6.4.1 For two-way shear, critical sections shall be located so that based on a linear interpolation between the full value at dpile/2
the critical perimeter bo is a minimum but need not be closer than d/2 outside the section and zero value at dpile/2 inside the section.
to (2) and (b):
a. Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reaction areas;
b. Changes in slab or footing thickness, such as edges of capitals, drop
panels, or shear caps.
MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032)
Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)
ANALYSIS OF ISOLATED SQUARE FOOTING FOOTING ON PILES
SITUATION. A column 450 mm x 450 mm square with fc’ = 28 MPa, SITUATION. A 450 mm x 450 mm column is supported as shown:
reinforced with 10 – 25 mm bars with fy = 350 MPa is supported by a
3 m x 3 m isolated spread footing. The column carries a dead load of
1000 kN and a live load of 750 kN. The allowable bearing pressure is
250 kPa. The base of the footing is 1.5 m below the grade. Assume
weight of soil is 16 kN/m3. The total depth of the footing is 600 mm
with concrete cover of 75 mm.
1. Investigate the adequacy of the dimension of the footing.
2. Determine the wide beam shear stress at ultimate loads.
3. Determine the punching shear stress at ultimate loads.
4. Determine the ultimate bending moment.
5. Determine if the footing is safe from the three modes of failure
The column carries the following service loads:
DESIGN OF ISOLATED SQUARE FOOTING DL = 1200 kN LL = 600 kN a = 0.6 m b = 1.2 m
SITUATION. A square footing is to support a 400 mm x 400 mm fc’ = 21 MPa fy = 415 MPa c = 1.8 m
column carrying 1500 kN live load and 1000 kN dead load. The d = 0.6 m
allowable soil pressure is 250 kPa. The bottom of the footing is situated 1. Determine the ultimate load per pile in kN.
1 m below the ground surface. Assume the average unit weight of soil 2. Determine the required effective depth of the footing.
and concrete is 19 kN/m3. For footing, use fc’ = 21 MPa and for column, 3. Determine the ultimate bending moment acting on both axes of the
use fc’ = 28 MPa. For all steel bars, fy = 414 MPa. footing.
1. Determine the dimensions of the footing.
2. Determine the effective depth of the footing.
3. Determine the number of 28 mm reinforcement.
4. Determine the number of 25 mm dowel at the base of column.
RECTANGULAR FOOTING
SITUATION. A 500 mm x 500 mm column carries a total dead load of
1000 kN and a total live load of 650 kN. The column is to be supported
by a rectangular spread footing having thickness of 675mm whose
width is limited to 3 m. The net soil bearing capacity of the soil is 210
kPa. For footing, use f’c = 21 MPa and for column, use f’c = 20.7 MPa.
Use fy = 414 MPa for all steel bars. Use 75mm concrete cover.
1. Determine the length of the footing.
2. Determine wide beam shear stress at the critical section.
3. Determine the punching shear stress at the critical section.
4. Design the reinforcements using 28 mm bars.
a. Determine the number of reinforcement along the long direction.
b. Determine the number of reinforcement along the short
WALL FOOTING
SITUATION. A 300 mm concrete wall supports a dead load of 250
kN/m and a live load of 150 kN/m. The allowable soil bearing pressure
is 200 kPa. There is a 0.60 m soil at the top of the footing with unit
weight of 16 kN/m3. Assume concrete weighs 24 kN/m3. The total
depth of the wall footing is 400 mm with 100 mm steel cover. Use fc’
= 21 MPa for concrete and fy = 415 MPa for all steel bars.
1. Determine the width of the footing.
2. Solve for the nominal shear stress acting on the footing.
2. Determine the spacing of 20 mm main reinforcements.
3. Determine the number of 12 mm temperature reinforcements.
