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Lecture - 1 Classifications of Control Systems

The document classifies control systems based on several properties: 1) Whether the system is manual or automatic, with automatic systems using feedback to provide an output response based on an input signal. 2) Whether the system is open-loop or closed-loop, with closed-loop systems using feedback to reduce errors. 3) For closed-loop systems, whether feedback is positive or negative, with negative feedback typically making systems more stable. 4) Whether the system is linear or nonlinear in its input-output relationship. 5) Whether the system is time-invariant, meaning its parameters do not change over time, or time-variant. The course will focus on linear, time-invariant automatic control

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Ahmad AL-Bukhary
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861 views8 pages

Lecture - 1 Classifications of Control Systems

The document classifies control systems based on several properties: 1) Whether the system is manual or automatic, with automatic systems using feedback to provide an output response based on an input signal. 2) Whether the system is open-loop or closed-loop, with closed-loop systems using feedback to reduce errors. 3) For closed-loop systems, whether feedback is positive or negative, with negative feedback typically making systems more stable. 4) Whether the system is linear or nonlinear in its input-output relationship. 5) Whether the system is time-invariant, meaning its parameters do not change over time, or time-variant. The course will focus on linear, time-invariant automatic control

Uploaded by

Ahmad AL-Bukhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of Control Systems

Control System

Manual Automatic
closed-loop with
positive feedback
Open-loop Closed-loop
(Non-feedback loop) (feedback loop) closed-loop with
negative feedback

Nonlinear Linear Nonlinear Linear

Time variant Time invariant Time variant Time invariant

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1. Automatic Control System
What is Automatic Control ?
❑In general, it is not manual.
❑Automatic Control is a device (system) consists of number of
components connected together to perform a specific operation, in
which it provides a desired response (output signal) by controlling
reference data(input signal)
Input Output
Process

For example: manual and automatic


water level control system

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2. Open-loop and Closed-loop Systems

• Open-loop control system


Input Controlled Actuating Output
signal signal signal signal
Controller Actuator Plant

• Closed-loop control system


Input Error Controlled Actuating Output
signal signal signal signal signal
Controller Actuator Plant
+ _
Feedback signal Output signal
Sensor
Feedback
element

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2. Open-loop and Closed-loop Systems

Open-loop control system Closed-loop control system

Accuracy Inaccurate Accurate

Cost Less More

Design Simple Complicated

Feedback Not available Available

Error detector Not available Available

Reliability Not reliable Reliable

Stability Mostly stable Can be stable or unstable

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3. Closed-loop with Positive-feedback and Negative-feedback

• Closed-loop control system with negative feedback


Output
Input + Controller Actuator Plant
signal
signal
_
Feedback signal
Sensor

• Closed-loop control system with positive feedback


Output
Input + Controller Actuator Plant
signal
signal

+
Feedback signal
Sensor

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4. Linear and Nonlinear Systems

• A Control System is called linear when the output varies linearly with
the input.

Input u(t) Control Output y(t)


System

• A control system is called nonlinear when the relationship between


input and output is nonlinear relationship

Input u(t) Control Output y(t)


System

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5. Time-invariant and Time-variant Systems

• A system is called time invariant when its parameters do not change


with time.
• A system is called time variant when its parameters vary with time.

time invariant time variant

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Classification of Control Systems
In this course, we will study only linear time-invariant (LIT) automatic control systems

Linear Time-invariant (LIT) Control Systems


Control System

Manual Automatic
closed-loop with
positive feedback
Open-loop Closed-loop
(Non-feedback loop) (feedback loop) closed-loop with
negative feedback

Nonlinear Linear Nonlinear Linear

Time variant Time invariant Time variant Time invariant


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