AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC & Brazil – samba in bossa nova

POPULAR MUSIC Argentina – tango

This is the reason for the existence of the
rich music and dance-like jazz, tango,
chacha, rumba, and paso doble
History
- Latin America is comprised of different
Characteristics:
regions such as the Caribbean Island,
• Conversation: " Call and response"
Mexico, and Central & South Americas
- A performance of voice interaction as an
which are of diversified cultures of
answer to the first chant.
Europeans, Moors, Mexicans, and other
tribes in Africa.
• Improvisation – Non-scripted ways of
- European Countries contributed religions
singing that allow for sincere conversations.
and languages like Spanish and
It is a framework where the artist has
Portuguese.
freedom in creating the musical mood.
- Their music is defined by their rhythms,
which they adapted from the elements of
• The voice as an instrument – It is the
Moorish music and other African and
manipulation of a freely controlled piece
Caribbean music in the slave trade from
where they can change the tone of voice,
1550 to 1880.
its tempo, the creation of moods, and even
- The enslaved Moors of North America in
changing the range and vocal power.
1776 were prohibited from playing drums,
but in the Congo Square in New Orleans,
• The instrument as a voice – the
Caribbean slaves were free to play their
instrument serves as a "singer" along with
drums for recreation and entertainment and
the performer.
also for communication. These were their
so-called “Talking Drums”
African music
- performed by replaying the traditional
• rich and diverse cultural heritage that
rhythms of Moorish and African Music
exists in hundreds of different languages.
through drum beats.
The music in Africa always has the
- 18th and 19th centuries: African music
technique of "call and response" in which
started through the spread, development,
a person leads by singing a phrase and is
and canonizing of the rhythm in the
followed and answered by a group of
Caribbean, and during this period another
singers.
art containing a rich mix of musical cultures
• They usually perform by singing and
was born in North America.
using percussion instruments played
- It included the incorporation of drums and
either by hands or with sticks, drums,
rhythms from Africa, and the use of cymbals
and others, and they use them also for
from India in combination with the harmony,
communication, to convey news, to
instruments, and the musical syncopation
teach, to tell a story, and for religious
which was called jazz. This developed a
purposes; this includes the Maracatu.
unique musical culture in Caribbean
countries and its influences include Latin
What is the African rhythm called
rhythms and dances like:
maracatu?
Cuba – hanabera and bolero
- The ceremony of the coronation of the Latin American Music
Black Kings in 1674 in Recife. • Influenced by the US and other countries
- It is performed when the Portuguese were in Europe like Spain and Portugal
still ruling in Brazil. About dedicating a king • Combination of four musical elements,
who will represent the African slaves to music style, cultural backgrounds,
their master where each king is a language, and geography
representative of a nation or tribe and • Musical styles: tango, bossa nova,
Maracatu Nação. merengue and salsa
- Considers Basque or Toque as a rhythmic • Genre: reggae, jazz, rock, and Latin pop
pattern used in Maracatu which uses the
Toada or the sing part in Maracatu. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
- It begins with singing from the leader then
followed by a response in chorus by the Bombo
subordinates. • Dual headed drum
- Today, it is known for a combination of • Made from a deep tree trunk with
music for professional ceremonies, theater, patches made up of calf or goatskin
and dancing. • Played with two sticks

Other Vocal Forms of African Music: Chajchas

• A rattle made up of dried
Blues hooves from sheep, llama, or goat
• Gloomy folk music of African-American • Worn with a wrist cloth bracelet
origin
• Usually twelve-bar order Zampoñas
• Developed in rural areas in US by the end • Panpipe-type of reed made from
of the 19th century pieces of bamboo that are tied
• Became popular during the migration of together.
African Americans in the 1940s
• Gave birth to rock and roll, and rhythm Charango
and blues. • Made from the shell of an armadillo
• One of the known: Bobby McFerrin • ten-string guitar instrument

Soul Quena
• Music that combines the basic rhythm • A flute that is made up of bones or
and blues, and gospel music Bamboos that have a vertical
• Characterized by vocal emphasis and an notched reed
emotional and improvised delivery
• Aretha Franklin, Marvin Gaye, Otis Cajon
Redding and James Brown • Rectangular box made of wood
• Used as a drum
• Used by tapping in the front while
the musician sits on it
Maracas rhythm and a combination of Cuba's
• Made of gourd-like coconut shells musical and dance traditions.
with beans, seeds, or small pebble
placed inside; played by shaking Foxtrot - a ballroom dance of two quick
slow steps and two quick steps and is
Claves executed alternately in 4/4 time signature.
• Pair of hardwood sticks
• Played by striking them What is jazz music?
together • Jazz is a type of music with an African
American origin that started in the early
LOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN 20th century with syncopated beats,
AMERICA improvised sounds and a regular and
forceful rhythmic pattern.
Cumbia - is a type of dance and music
• Woodwind instruments, piano, and
similar to salsa and uses instruments like
brasswind instruments are the instruments
accordions, guitars, and percussions.
that are commonly used in jazz.
• Jazz spans a period range of music from
Tango - a lively and spirited dance of two
ragtime to the present day and has proved
people; passionate and shows expression
to be very difficult to define.
and connection, and is performed in a
traditional or modern style.
What are the different types of jazz?
1. Ragtime Jazz - a piece of popular
Cha-cha – is a Latin American ballroom
American music from 1890 until 1915.
dance with the basic pattern of three steps
- has a steady syncopation and a melody
with a shuffle. It has a fast rhythmic
with a rhythmic pattern of two-four times.
pattern.
2. Big Band Jazz - a type of jazz music that
Bossanova - a style of music that was
originated in the United States and is
derived from samba, which is a piece of
associated with instruments totaling
original Brazilian music; that gives more
approximately 12 to 25 musicians.
emphasis on percussion and melody.
- This became popular in the late 19th
century.
Pasadoble - It is Spain's traditional
-Ragtime artists use an occasional
couple dance. It uses music that is
harmony and note that we call blues.
traditionally played in bullfighting.
3. Bebop - Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie
Reggae - a Jamaican form of music and
Parker introduced this kind of musical genre
dance with strong, accented, and
in the 1940s. It is performed by a smaller
supplementary beats. In the 1990s, it was
than a larger musician.
known as the ska and is a variation of
- The focus of this kind of music solo
rhythm and blues. The popular artist of this
musicians to show harmonic
genre was Bob Marley.
Jazz-Rock
Rumba - a kind of song and dance that
- sometimes called jazz fusion
originated in Cuba with percussive
- produced when the funk and RnB are - a do-it-yourself type of music of different
combined. music bands.
- very popular in the late 1960s till the early - its definition refers to its distinction from
70s. typical rock music, which is expressed by
- Jazz musicians are well known to be distorting the guitar sound in a different and
highly talented in improvising and defiant attitude.
modifying techniques in playing musical - For example: "Smell Like Teen Spirit" by
instruments. Nirvana, one of the most popular bands
- Wind and Brass instruments are with this kind of music.
commonly used for this type of music
4. Disco Music - the word disco derives
What is popular music? from the word "discotheque", which refers
• generic term for music of all ages that to the nightclubs people frequented in the
appeals to popular tastes, whereas pop 1960s and 1970s; music for dancing or
music usually refers to a specific musical for encouraging dance. Disco music is
genre. usually played and enjoyed in nightclubs
• age bracket and location are some of the where songs are mixed by DJs.
factors that determine what type of music is - One example is: "Get Down Tonight" by
popular among certain people. KC and the Sunshine Band.

Different types of popular music:

1. Ballad - a light, simple narrative poem
of folk origin, composed of short stanzas
and adapted for singing.
- a simple song, especially one of
sentimental or romantic character, having
two or more stanzas all sang to the same
melody.
- For example: "Maybe". composed by the
Neocolours band

2. Rock and Roll - started with pride in the

1950s, the characteristics of which are
simple melodies with accented beats.
- considered a combination of white
country music, rhythm, and blues, and is
of a twelve-bar structure with the music of
guitar, drums, and bass.
- example: "Jail House Rock" sang and
performed by Elvis Presley.

3. Alternative Music - started in the late

1980s and early 1990s.