Київський національний лінгвістичний університет

Self study
з дисципліни «Практична граматика англійської мови»

Виконавець :
Студентка групи Мла 08 -20
Хейлик Анастасія Олександрівна
Викладач :
доц. Соколець І.І

2021
An adjective is a word like quite , warm , delicious, romantic.

There are two places where we can use an adjective:

before a noun and after a linking verb .
We can use two or more adjective together.
We can put a word like very or quite before an adjective.
Very and quite are adverbs of degree.

We can use most adjective in both positions- before a noun or after a linking
verb . But a few adjective can go in one position but not in the other .

Ex.A p.247

Look at the picture and write a phrase with an adjective and noun .
Use these nouns: building , car, cat, chairs, musi, power, skirt, weather .

1. Modern chairs
2.A black cat
[Link] power
[Link] music
[Link] old car
6.A tall building

Ex.B p.247

Underline all the adjectives in this description of a hotel .

1. pleasant
2. ideal
3. quiet
4. short
5. popular
6. lovely
7. friendly
8. helpful
9. good
10. marvellous
11. excellent
12. local
Ex.C p.247

Look at the notes and write the song titles . Sometime the adjective comes before
the noun, and sometimes you need to use is or are .

[Link] world is asleep

2. My chief desire
3. My heart is content
4. The main thing to remember
5. The night is alive
6. Inner secrets
7. The only girl for me

We can use more than one adjective before a noun . There is usually one correct
order .

We use sometimes use two nouns together.

When we use another adjective as well , it comes before both the nouns. .

We order adjective according to their meaning. This is the normal order :

opinion, size , most other qualities, age , colour , origin , material, type , purpose.

We sometimes put commas between adjective in group 1-3 .

[Link].249

Describe the pictures . Use these words : boots, building , car, seat ,singer.

1. A small white car

2. An attractive old building
3. An expensive wooden opera singer
4. A famous Italian opera singer

Ex.B p.249

Write a list of things to be sold at an auction .

1. A lovely old glass vase

2. An attractive wall mirror
3 . A modern office desk
4 . Red metal kitchen chairs
5 . A splendid old model boat
6 . Valuable Australian postage stamps
7 . A small wooden coffee table

Ex.C p. 249

Look at each advertisement and write the information in single sentence .

1. This is a powerful Japanese business computer.

2 .This is an excellent small electric fire.
3 .This is a big new chocolate bar.
4 .This is a terrific American television comedy.
5 .These are stylish aluminium garage doors.
6 .These are wonderful modern sports shoes.
7 .This is a very good German mobile phone.

There are some adjective that we can use with the to talk about groups of people
in society, e.g the disabled, the blind .

These are some of the adjective and other words that we can use in a phrase
with the .

To do with social or economic position:

the rich , the starving , the strong , the homeless.

To do with physical condition or health :

the blind , the deaf , the sick , the living .

To do with age :
the old , the under - fives , the young .

When we mean a specific person or specific group of people, then we use man ,
woman , people , etc.

Ex A. p 251

Write in the missing words . Use the and these adjectives : homeless hungry,
old ,sick, unemployed , young.

[Link] hungry
[Link] homeless
3 .The sick
4 . The unemployed
5. The old

Ex B. p 251

Rewrite the sentences using a phrase with the and an adjective of the underlined
phrases .

1. We live near a special school for the deaf.

2 .The old soldiers were holding a service for the dead.
3 .The government should do more for the poor.
4 .I’m doing a course on caring for the mentally handicapped.

Ex C. p 251

Complete these sentences from a newspaper . Use the adjectives in brackets .

1 The sick
2 the young people
3 the unemployed
4 the poor
5 the old people
6 The homeless
7 the deaf

We use the word interesting when we say that something / someone is

interesting. That is, the object or person itself is unusual and attracts attention.

We use the word interested when we say that we are interested, that we like
something, and therefore we devote our time and our attention to it.

Ex A. p 253

What are they saying ? Put in the words ; depressing , exciting , exhausted ,
fascinating , interested .
1 exhausted
2 interested
3 fascinating
4 exciting

Ex B. p 253

Complete the conversation . Write the complete word in each space.

1 surprised
2 disappointing
3 puzzled
4 confusing
5 bored
6 interesting

Ex C. p 253

Complete the conversation using a word ending in - ing or -ed .

1 relaxing
2 annoyed
3 amused
4 interested
5 fascinating
6 thrilling
7 exhausting

We can use adverb in other ways. And adverb like really or very can be
combined with an adjective or another adverb .

We form many adverb from an adjective + ly . For example politely , quickly,

safely. But there are some specific spelling rules.
•We don’t leave out e ( nice-nicely)
•-y -ily after a consonant ( easy- easily )
• -le - ly ( possible -possibly )
• - ic - ically ( dramatic dramatically

Compare these two strictures :

Linking verb + adjective ( Tom was hungry )- an adjective can come after a
linking verb such as be .
Action verb + adverb ( Paul ate hungrily )- we use an adverb when the verb
means that something happens .

Some verbs like look, taste and appear can be either linking verbs or action
verbs.

Linking verb + adjective ( Mike looked angry )

Action verb + adverb( He looked cagily at the signature)

Ex A. p 255

This is part of a story about a spy called X. Put in adverbs formed from these
adjectives :bright, careful, fluent, immediate, patient, punctual, quiet , safe ,
secret , slow .

[Link]
2 .patiently
3 .immediately
4 .punctually
5. secretly
6. safely
7 .fluently
8 .carefully
9 .quietly

Ex B. p 255
Look at the information in brackets and put in the adverbs.
[Link]
2 .happily
3. automatically
4. publicly
5. enthusiastically
6 .reasonably
7. securely

Ex C. p 255
Decide what you need to [Link] your sentence with an adverb ending in -ly

1 United won the game easily.

2 I've checked the figures carefully.
3 Your dog barked at me very fiercely.
4 It's raining quite heavily (here)

Ex D. p 255
Choose the correct forms .

1 dark
2 terribly
3 badly
4 suddenly
5 quietly
6 unhappy
7 sadly
8 curious
9 foolishly

The ending-ly is the normal adverb ending. But a few adjective also end in -ly .
If we need to use an adverb we often choose another word of similar meaning.

We can use these words both as adjectives and as adverb: deep , fast , early ,
high , right , wrong .

In informal English, the adjective cheap, loud , quick , slow can be adverbs .

There are some pairs of adverbs like hard and hardly which have different
meaning.

Good is an adjective, and well is it’s adverb. The opposites are bad and badly .

Well can also be an adjective meaning “ in good health “, the opposite of ill.

Ex A. p 257

1 adjective
2 adjective
3 adverb
4 adjective
5 adverb
6 adverb

Ex B. p 257

1 hardly
2 nearly
3 long
4 late
5 fast
6 hard
7 wrong
8 straight

Ex C. p 257

B 1 bad
2 good
3 badly
4 well
5 ill

Test R:
Ex. A p 258
 1 freely
2 The young man
3 hungry 1
4 thoughtfully
5 right
6 fascinating
7 similar
8 well
9 the disabled
10 confused
11 scientifically
12 frightened

Ex. Bp 258

 1 This is a nice place.

2 I can’t find the large biscuit tin.
3 Tessa behaved in a silly way.
4 Your coffee is getting cold.
5 They live in a lovely old stone house.
6 This hospital is for the mentally ill.

Ex. Cp 258

1 expensive
2 nice
3 surprised
4 carefully
5 amusing
6 elderly
7 friendly
8 free

Ex. Dp 258
 1 The drink tasted strange.
2 Obviously, the sick need to be looked after.
3 The dog was asleep.
4 The young woman spoke politely.
5 The train arrived late.
6 The film ends dramatically.
7 Katherine shouted angrily.
8 Billiards is an indoor game.
9 The clown was amusing.
10 There was hardly any time left.

We form the comparative and superlative of short adjective and long adjective
in different ways.

One syllable adjectives ( e.g small , nice ) usually have the -er, -est ending .

But we use more , most before words ending in -ed

We also use more , most with three - syllable adjective and longer ones .

Some two syllable adjective have -er, -est , and some have more , most .

• Words ending in a consonant +-y have -er,-est

• Some words have -er,-est or most , more
• The following words have more , most
a) words ending in -ful or -less
b) words ending in -ing or -ed
c) many others , e.g afraid , certain , eager, famous

There are some special spelling rules for the -er and -est endings.
• -e - -er , est
• -y- -ire,-iest afer consonant
• words ending in a single vowel letter + single consonant letter - double the
consonant

Some adverbs have the same form as an adjective , e.g fast , hard , high, late .
They form the comparative and superlative -er -est

Many adverbs are an adjective + -ly

They form the comparative and superlative with more, most .

In informal English we use cheaper , cheapest , louder rather than more

cheaply, the most loudly

Note the forms sooner, soonest and more often, most often .

Good , well, bad , badly and far have irregular forms .

We can use elder, eldest + noun instead of older , oldest , but only for people in
the same family.

We use more, most and their opposites less and least to compare quantities .

Ex A. p 262

1 are more interesting

2 is higher
3 is more beautiful

Ex B. p 262

1 richest
2 most modern
3 greatest
4 most exciting
5 most popular
6 most successful
7 most attractive
8 happiest

Ex C. p 262
1 happier
2 faster
3 more helpful
4 lovelier
5 bigger
6 more restful
7 more modern

Ex D. p 263

1 more smartly
2 longer
3 more often
4 more carefully
5 earlier
6 louder

Ex E. p 263
1 worst
2 better
3 worse
4 best
5 furthest

Ex F. p 263
1 least
2 less
3 more
4 Most

Ex G. p 263
1 happier
2 smallest
3 best
4 shorter
5 most important
6 older
7 more exciting
8 most
9 wetter
10 lower
11 worse

There are a number of different sentences patterns with comparative an

superlative forms , older , than me , the sweetest man in the world

We often use a phrase with than after a comparative.

We normally use the before a superlative.

Note the pattern with one of .
After a superlative we can use in or of . We use in with places and with groups of
people ( team)
We often use a clause after a superlative.

We use as...as to say that things are equal or unequal .

In a negative sentence we can also use so..as , but this is less common than as...as
Note also the same as

Compare than me and than I am . Both are correct , and they have that same
meaning.

Ex. A p. 265
Comment on these situation. Write sentences with a comparative and than .

1 The church is older than the library.

2 Matthew is stronger than Daniel.
3 Harriet is taller than Mike.
4 Claire is more popular than Andrew.
5 Mark's car is bigger than Sarah's.

Ex. B p. 265
Write sentences from the notes . Use the superlative form of the adjective.

1 Friday is the busiest day

2 The Metropole is the nicest hotel in the town.
3 This watch is one of the cheapest watches you can buy.
4 This Beatles album is the best one they ever made.
5 Alan is the most successful salesman in the company.
Ex. C p. 265
Use the notes add sentences with isn’t as... as

1 Plastic isn't as strong as metal.

2 The stool isn't as comfortable as the armchair.
3 Swimming isn't as exciting as surfing.
4 The post isn't as quick as e-mail.

Ex. D p. 265
Choose the correct pronoun .
1 me
2 I am
3 me
4 he has

Less and least are the opposites of more and most . We use less with both long
and short words .

We can put a word or phrase ( much , far, a bit ) before a comparative to say
how much faster, cheaper, something is.

Before comparative we can use much , a lot , far, a bit.

We can also use no and any . No has negative meaning.
We can also any in negative and question and with if.

We use expression like faster and faster and more and more expensive to say tha
something is increasing all the time .
The form depends on whether the comparative is with -er or with more
We can also use less and less for something decreasing .

The faster, the better we use pattern to say that a change in one things goes with
a change in another .

Ex.A p267
Complete the sentences. Use less with these words : attractive, busy ,
convenient .

1 less painful
2 less busy
3 less convenient
4 less attractive
5 less seriously
6 less optimistic

Ex.B p267
Decide what to say . Use a phrase like a bit better or a lot colder .

1 Yesterday was a lot colder than today.

2 My coat is a bit longer than is fashionable.
3 I left work slightly earlier than usual this afternoon. 4 The shop is much more
expensive than the supermarket.
5 Is the new machine any more reliable than the old one

Ex.C p267
Complete sentences.

1 more and more difficult

2 more and more complicated
3 more and more
4 longer and longer
5 worse and worse

Ex.D p267
Complete each sentence using the information in brackets

1 the quieter the roads are.

2 the wider the choice is.
3 the more confused I get.
4 the more fluently you can speak.
5 the more crowded the beaches get.

Test S
Ex.A  p 268

1. more intelligent

2. cleaner

3. thinner
4. more carefully

5. worse

6 .later

7. longer

8. more useful

9. sooner
10. busier
11. more annoyed

12 more nervous

Ex. B p. 268

 1. funniest

2. most horrible

3. most recent

4. largest

5. most boring

6. farthest

7 .most helpful

8. most modern

9 .earliest

10. saddest

Ex. C p. 268

1. +

2 .the

3 .+
4. a

5 .so

6 .+

7. most

8 .+

9. of

10 .more

Ex. D p. 268

1 nicer

2 as

3 least

4 than me

5. in

6. bit

[Link]

[Link] easier

Ex. E p. 268
1. is bigger than the living room

2. fitter than I am

[Link] as big as

4. just get higher and higher

5 .is more expensive than

6 .is the least difficult

7. more and more excited

8 .most romantic story I’ve ever