Polynomials Class 10 Important Questions
Very Short Answer Type
The graphs of y = p(x) for some polynomials (for questions 1 to 4) are given below. Find
the number of zeros in each case.
Question 1.
Answer:
There is no zero as the graph does not intersect the X-axis.
Question 2.
Answer:
The number of zeros is four as the graph intersects the X-axis at four points.
Question 3.
Answer:
The number of zeros is three as the graph intersects the X-axis at three points.
Question 4.
Answer:
The number of zeros is three as the graph intersects the X-axis at three points.
Question 5.
What will the quotient and remainder be on division of ax2 + bx + c by px2 + qx2 + rx + 5,
p ≠ 0?
Answer:
0, ax2 + bx + C.
Question 6.
If on division of a polynomial p(x) by a polynomial g(x), the quotient is zero, what is the
relation between the degrees of p(x) and g(x)?
Answer:
Since the quotient is zero, therefore
deg p(x) < deg g(x)
Question 7.
Can x – 2 be the remainder on division of a polynomial p(x) by x + 3?
Answer:
No, as degree (x – 2) = degree (x + 3)
Question 8.
Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are -3 and 4.
[NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Sum of zeros = -3 + 4 = 1,
Product of zeros = – 3 x 4 = -12
∴ Required polynomial = x2 – x – 12
Question 9.
If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 5x – 6 is 6 then find the other zero.
Answer:
Let α,6 be the zeros of given polynomial.
Then α + 6 = 5 3 ⇒ α = -1
Question 10.
If both the zeros of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c are equal and opposite in sign,
then find the value of b.
Answer:
Let α and -α be the roots of given polynomial.
Then α + (-α) = 0 ⇒ −ba=0 ⇒ b = 0.
Question 11.
What number should be added to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is the zero of the
polynomial?
Answer:
Let f(x) = x2 – 5x + 4
Then f(3) = 32 – 5 x 3 + 4 = -2
For f(3) = 0, 2 must be added to f(x).
Question 12.
Can a quadratic polynomial x2 + kx + k have equal zeros for some odd integer k > 1?
Answer:
No, for equal zeros, k = 0,4 ⇒ k should be even.
Question 13.
If the zeros of a quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c are both negative, then can we say a,
b and c all have the same sign? Justify your answer.
Answer:
Yes, because −ba = sum of zeros < 0, so that ba=0 > 0. Also the product of the zeros
= ca=0 > 0.
Question 14.
If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at only one point, can it be a quadratic
polynomial?
Answer:
Yes, because every quadratic polynomial has at the most two zeros.
Question 15.
If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at exactly two points, is it necessarily a
quadratic polynomial?
Answer:
No, x4 – 1 is a polynomial intersecting the x-axis at exactly two points.
Polynomials Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 1
Question 1.
If one of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 4x2 – 8kx – 9 is equal in magnitude
but opposite in sign of the other, find the value of k.
Answer:
Let one root of the given polynomial be α.
Then the other root = -α
Sum of the roots = (-α) + α = 0
⇒ −ba = 0 or −8k4 = 0 or k = 0
Question 2.
If one of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (k – 1)x2 + kx + 1 is -3 then find the value
of k.
Answer:
Since – 3 is a zero of the given polynomial
∴ (k – 1)(-3)2 + k(-3) + 1 = 0 :
⇒ 9k – 9 – 3k + 1 = 0 ⇒ k = 4/3.
Question 3.
If 1 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = ax2 – 3(a – 1)x -1, then find the value of a.
Answer:
Put x = 1 in p(x)
∴ p(1) = a(1)2 – 3(a – 1) x 1 – 1 = 0
⇒ a – 3a + 3 – 1 = 0 ⇒ 2a = -2 ⇒ a = 1
Question 4.
If α and β are zeros of polynomial p(x) = x2 – 5x + 6, then find the value of α + B – 3aß.
Answer:
Here, α + β = 5, αβ = 6
= α + β – 3αβ = 5 – 3 x 6 = -13
Question 5.
Find the zeros of the polynomial p(x) = 4x2 – 12x + 9.
Answer:
p(x) = 4x2 – 12x + 9 = (2x – 3)2
For zeros, p(x) = 0
⇒ (2x – 3)(2x – 3) = 0 ⇒ x = 32,32
Question 6.
If one root of the polynomial p(y) = 5y2 + 13y + m is reciprocal of other, then find the
value of m.
Answer:
Question 7.
If α and β are zeros of p(x) = x2 + x – 1, then find 1α+1β
Answer:
Here, α + β = -1, αβ = -1,
So 1α+1β=β+ααβ=−1−1=1
Question 8.
Given that one of the zeros of the cubic polynomial ax3 + bx2 + cx + d is zero, find the
product of the other two zeros.
Answer:
Let α, β, γ be the roots of the given polynomial and α = 0.
Then αβ + βγ + γα = c/a ⇒ βγ = c/a
Question 9.
If the product of two zeros of the polynomial p(x) = 2x3 + 6x2 – 4x + 9 is 3, then find its
third zero.
Answer:
Let α, β, γ be the roots of the given polynomial and αβ = 3
Then αβγ = −92
⇒ 3 x γ = −92 or γ = −32
Question 10.
Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given numbers as the sum and product of its
zeros respectively.
(i) −14,14
(ii) 2–√,13
Answer:
Let α, β be the zeros of polynomial.
(i) We have, α + β = −14 and αβ = 14
Thus, polynomial is
p(x) = x2 – (a + B) x + aß
Quadratic polynomial 4x2 + x + 1
(ii) We have, α + β = √2 and αβ = 13
Thus, polynomial is p(x) = x2 – (α + β) x + αβ
= x2 – √2x + 13 = 13 (3x2 – 3√2x + 1)
Quadratic polynomial = 3x2 – 3√2x + 1
Polynomials Class 10 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2
Find the zeros of the following quadratic polynomials and verify the relationship between
the zeros and the coefficients (Q. 1 – 2).
Question 1.
6x2 – 3 – 7x
Answer:
We have, p(x) = 6x2 – 3 – 7x
p(x) = 6x2 – 7x – 3
(In general form)
= 6x2 – 9x + 2x – 3 = 3x (2x – 3) + 1 (2x – 3)
= (2x – 3) (3x + 1)
The zeros of polynomial p(x) is given by
p(x) = 0) = (2x – 3) (3x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x=32,−13
Thus, the zeros of 6x2 – 7x – 3 are α = −32 and β = −13
Now, sum of the zeros = α + β = 32−13 = 9−26=76
Question 2.
4u2 + 8u
Answer:
We have, p(u) = 4u2 + 8u = p(u) = 4u (u + 2)
The zeros of polynomial p(u) is given by
p(u) = 0 ⇒ 4u (u + 2) = 0 .
∴ u = 0, -2
Thus, the zeros of 4u2 + 8u are α = 0 and β = -2
Now, sum of the zeros = α + β = 0 – 2 = -2
Question 3.
Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second polynomial by dividing the
second polynomial by the first polynomial:
(i) x2 + 3x + 1, 3x4 + 5x3 – 7x2 + 2x + 2 (ii) t2 – 3, 2t4 + 3t3 – 2t2 – 9t – 12
Answer:
(i) We have,
Clearly, remainder is zero, so x2 + 3x + 1 is a factor of polynomial 3x4 + 5x3 – 7x2 + 2x +
2
(ii) We have,
Clearly, remainder is zero, so t’ – 3 is a factor of polynomial 2t4 + 3t3 – 2t2 – 9t – 12.
Question 4.
If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2x2 – 5x + 7, find a polynomial
whose zeros are 2α + 3β and 3α + 2β.
Answer:
Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2x2 – 5x + 7
Let S and P denote respectively the sum and product of the zeros of the required
polynomial.
Question 5.
What must be subtracted from p(x) = 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 so that the resulting
polynomial
is exactly divisible by g(x) = 4x2 + 3x – 2?
Answer:
Let y be subtracted from polynomial p(x)
: 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 – y is exactly divisible by g(x)
Now,
∵ Remainder should be 0.
∴ 14x – 10 – y = 0 or 14x – 10 = y or y = 14x – 10
∴ (14x – 10) should be subtracted from p(x) so that it will be exactly divisible by g(x)
Question 6.
What must be added to f(x) = 4x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 so that the resulting polynomial is
divisible
by g(x) = x2 + 2x – 3?
Answer:
By division algorithm, we have
f(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x)
= f(x) – r(x) = g(x) × q(x) ⇒ f(x) + {-r(x)} = g(x) × q(x)
Clearly, RHS is divisible by g(x). Therefore, LHS is also divisible by g(x). Thus, if we add
–r(x) to f(x), then the resulting polynomial is divisible by g(x). Let us now find the
remainder when f(x) is divided by g(x).
∴ r(x) = -61x + 65 or -r(x) = 61x – 65
Hence, we should add –r(x) = 61x – 65 to f(x) so that the resulting polynomial is divisible
by g(x).
Question 7.
Obtain the zeros of quadratic polynomial 3x2 – 8x + 4√3 and verify the relation between
its zeros and coefficients.
Answer:
We have,
Question 8.
If α and β are the zeros of the polynomial 6y2 – 7y + 2, find a quadratic polynomial
whose zeros are 1α and 1β
Answer:
Let p(y) = 6y2 – 7y + 2
Question 9.
If one zero of the polynomial 3x2 – 8x + 2k + 1 is seven times the other, find the value of
k.
Answer:
Let α and β be the zeros of the polynomial. Then as per question β = 7α
Question 10.
If one zero of the polynomial 2x2 + 3x + λ is 1/2 find the value of and other zero.
Answer:
Let P(x) = 2x2 + 3x + λ
Question 11.
If one zero of polynomial (a2 + 9)x2 + 13x + 6a is reciprocal of the other, find the value of
a.
Answer:
Let one zero of the given polynomial be α.
Then, the other zero is 1/α
∴ Product of zeros = α × 1α = 1
But, as per the given polynomial product of zeros = 6aa2+9
∴ 6aa2+9 = 1 ⇒ a2 + 9 = 6a
⇒ a2 – 6a + 9 = 0) ⇒ (a – 3)2 = 0
⇒a–3=0⇒a=3
Hence, a = 3.
Question 12.
If the polynomial (x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x + 18) is divided by another polynomial (x2 + 5), the
remainder comes out to be (px +q). Find values of p and q.
Answer:
Let f(x) = (x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x + 18) and g(x) = (x2 + 5)
On dividing f(x) by g(x), we get
Now, px + 9 = 2x + 3 ⇒ p = 2,q = 3 (By comparing the coefficient of x and constant
term).
Polynomials Class 10 Extra Questions Long Answer Type 1
Question 1.
Verify that the numbers given alongside the cubic polynomial below are their zeros. Also
verify the relationship between the zeros and the coefficients.
x3 – 4x2 + 5x – 2; 2,1,1
Solution:
Let p(x) = x3 – 4 x2 + 5x – 2
On comparing with general polynomial px) ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, we get a = 1, b = -4, c = 5
and d = -2
Given zeros 2, 1, 1.
∴ p(2) = (2)3 – 4(2)2 + 5(2) – 2 = 8 – 16 + 10 – 2 = 0
and p(1) = (1)3 – 4(1)2 + 5(1) – 2 = 1 – 4 + 5 – 2 = 0
Hence, 2, 1 and I are the zeros of the given cubic polynomial.
Again, consider α = 2, β = 1, γ = 1
∴ α + 13 + y = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4
Question 2.
Find a cubic polynomial with the sum of the zeros, sum of the products of its zeros
taken two at a time, and the product of its zeros as 2, -7, -14 respectively.
Solution:
Let the cubic polynomial be p(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. Then
p(x) = a[x3 + (-2)x2 + (-7)x + 14] ⇒ p(x) = a[x3 – 2x2 – 7x + 14]
For real value of a = 1, p(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 7x + 14
Question 3.
Find the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 2x + 24, if it is given that the product of
its two zeros is 12.
Solution:
Let α, β and γ be the zeros of polynomial (fx) such that αβ = 12.
Now, α + β + γ = 5 α + β – 2 = 5
=α+β=7a=7–β
= (7 – β) β =12 ⇒ 7β – β2 – 12
= β2 + 7β + 12 = 0 ⇒ β2 – 3β – 4β + 12 = O
= β = 4 or β = 3
β = 4 or β = 3
∴ α = 3 or α = 4
Question 4.
If the remainder on division of x3 – kx2 + 13x – 21 by 2x – 1 is -21, find the quotient and
the value of k. Hence, find the zeros of the cubic poIyncmia1 x3 – kx2 + 13x.
Solution:
Let f(x) = x3 – kx2 + 13x – 21
Question 5.
Obtain all other zeros of 3x4 + 6x3 – 2x2 – 10x – 5, if two of its zeros
are 53−−√ and 53−−√.
Solution:
Question 6.
Given that √2 is a zero of the cubic polynomial 6x3 + √2x2 – 10x – 4√2, find its other
zeros.
Solution:
The given polynomial is f(x) = (6x3 +√2x2 – 10x – 4√2). Since √2 is the zero of f(x), it
follows that (x – √2) is a factor of f(x).
On dividing f(x) by (x – √2), we get
