Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Significant number of students experience maltreatment around the world
that causes them to be less productive and to not participate in school. There are
some cases of different students’ being abused by classmates, schoolmates and
even teachers that affect not only their physical health but also their mental
condition. In Philippines, Department of Education (DepEd) issues the enclosed copy
of the policy and guidelines on protecting children in school from abused entitled “
DepEd Children Protection Policy”. It requires students to grow in a stable and safe
environment without any sign of concern and discomfort. Child Protection Policy
refers to programs, services, procedures and structures that are intended to prevent
different forms of abused. The constitution further provides that all educational
institutions shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity,
respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical
development of the country, teach the right and duties of citizenship, strengthen
ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline,
encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological
knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency (Article XVI, Section 3[2]). The policy
aims to protect the children from all forms of violence that may be inflicted by adults,
persons in authority as well as their fellow students including bullying. DepEd has
adopted the policy to provide special protection to children who are gravely
threatened by circumstances which affect their moral development over which they
have no control, and to assist the concerned agencies in their rehabilitation.
This research focused on the empowerment of children’s right and safety
inside the school. It can make sure that schools and communities protect all children
and prevent child maltreatment. It also aimed to protect girls and boys from violations
such as abuse, sexual exploitation, trafficking and work in hazardous conditions, as
well as harmful practices.
The aim of this study was to provide a management strategy to prevent child
abuse and protects children from unfair practices and processes. Peace and equity
must be present inside the school so that each individual will feel the comfort and
safety inside their molding place.
Republic of the
Philippines
Department of
Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Conceptual Framework
Respondents Profile
Age
Gender
Effects of Child Protection Policy
Proposed Activities to Overcome Problem
Figure 1
Paradigm of the Study
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The implementation of Child Protection Policy plays a vital role on the part of
students’ security. It has been considered one of the controversial issues since
students are well-secured. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of
implementing Child Protection Policy.
Specially, this research sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of random students in CCNHS
1.1. Age; and,
1.2. Gender
2. What are the effects of child protection policy to the random students of
CCNHS
3. What are the proposed activities to overcome the problems
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will valuable information that will be beneficial to the
following people:
Teachers. This study will provide data or more developed strategy that they
could use in giving proper discipline to learners inside the classroom. They may also
have a different outlook towards “Child Protection Policy” because of this study.
Students. The result of this study may help the students to have a school that
is free from ant kind of bullying and abuses in which they can build a good study
habit. They can also have a different outlook with the importance of sharing their
problems to others because of this study.
School Administrators. This may serve as a guide for School Administrators
on proper implementation of “Child Protection Policy” and help them in the innovation
of the policy.
Parents. This study gives knowledge to parents on how to handle and give
necessary actions to their children experiencing bullying and abuses. This also
provide explanation on the positive and negative effects of the policy to students that
they may use in proper handling to their children.
Community. This study may provide information of the implementation of
“Child Protection Policy” outside the schools so that the policy will be uphold within
the community. This also may give ideas to community workers on how to manage
cases that are under the said policy.
Republic of the
Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To provide the readers with clear understanding of this research, the following are
defied,
Child. This refers to any person below 18 years of age or those over but are
unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect,
cruelty, exploitation, and discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or
condition; (RA 7610). For purposes of this department order, the term also includes
pupils or students who may be eighteen (18) years of age or older but are in school.
Children in School. This refers to bona fade pupils, students or learners who are
enrolled in the basic education system, whether regular, irregular, transferee or
repeater, including those who have been temporarily out of school, who are in the
school or learning centers premises or participating in school sanctioned activities.
Pupil, student or learner. This means a child who regularly attends classes in
any level of the basic education system under the supervision and tutelage of a
teacher or facilitator.
School personnel. This means the person singly or collectively working in a
public or private school. They are classified as follows.
School head. This refers to the chief executive officer or administration of a
public or private school learning center.
Other school officials. This includes other school officers including teachers
who are occupying supervisory position or position of responsibility and are involved
in policy formulation or implementation in a school.
Academic Personnel. This includes all school personnel who are formally
engaged in actual teaching service or in research assignments either on a full-time
or part time basics as well as those who possess certain prescribed academic
functions directly supportive of teaching such as registrars, librarians, guidance
counselors, researchers and other similar persons. They may include school officials
who are responsible for academic matters and other school officials.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Other personnel. This includes all other non-academic personnel in the school
whatever may be the nature of their appointment and status of employment.
Child Protection Policy. This refers to programs, services, procedures and
structures that are intended to prevent and respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation,
discrimination and violence.
Parents. This refers to biological parents, step-parents, adoptive parents and the
common law spouse or partner of the parent.
Guardians of custodies. This refers to legal guardians, foster parents and other
persons including relatives or even non relatives, who have physical custody of the
child.
School visitors or guest. This refers to any person who visits the school and
has any official business with the school, and any person who does have any official
business but in found within the premises of the school. This may include those who
are within the school premises for certain reasons, e.g. students, teachers, catechist
service providers, supplier’s bidders, parents, and guardians of others children.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Child abuse. This refers to the maltreatment of a child whether habitual or not
which includes any of the following.
Discrimination against children. This refers to an act of exclusion, distinction,
registration or preference which is based on any ground such as age, ethnicity, sex,
sexual orientation and gender identity, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national, or social origin property, birth, being infected or affected by human
immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) being
pregnant, being a child in conflict with the law, being a child with disability or other
status or condition, and which has the purpose of effect of nullifying or impairing the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise by all persons, on an equal footing, of all rights
and freedoms.
Child Exploitation. This refers to the use of children for someone else’s
advantage, gratification or profit often resulting in an unjust, cruel and harmful
treatment of the child. These activities disrupt the child’s normal physical or mental
health, education, moral, social or emotional development. It covers situations of
manipulation, misuse, abuse, victimization, oppression or ill treatment.
Bullying or Peer abuse. This refers to willful aggressive behavior that is directed
toward a particular victim who may be out numbered. Younger, weak, with disability,
less confident or otherwise vulnerable.
Bullying. This is committed when a student commits an act or series of acts
directed towards another students, or a series of single acts directed towards several
students in school setting or a place of learning, which results in physical and mental
abuse, harassment, intimidation or humiliation. Such acts may consist of any one or
more of the following.
Other acts of abuse by a pupil, student or learner. This refers to other serios
acts of abuse committed by a pupil, student or learner upon another pupil, student or
learner of the same school, not falling under the definition of bullying in the preceding
provisions, including but not limited to acts of a physical, sexual, or psychological
nature.
Republic of the
Philippines
Department of
Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Corporal Punishment. This refers to a kind of punishment or penalty imposed
for an alleged or actual offense, which is carried out or inflicted, for the purpose of
discipline, training or control, by a teacher, school administrator, an adult, or any
other child who has been given or has assumed authority or responsibility for
punishment or discipline. It includes physical, humiliating or degrading punishment,
including.
Positive and Non-Violent Discipline of Children. This is a way of thinking and
a holistic, consecutive and pro-active approach to teaching that helps children
develop appropriate thinking and behavior in the short and long-term and fosters
self-discipline. It is based on the fundamental principle that children are full human
being with basic human rights. Positive discipline begins with the long-term goals or
impacts that teachers want to have on their student’s adult lives, and using everyday
situation and challenges as opportunities to teach life-long skills and values to
students.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Jay A. Yacat (2011), child protection in the Philippines: a situational analysis,
saving the children defines child protection as measures and structures to prevent
and respond to abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence affecting children in all
setting. The Philippines has been cited as possessing a remarkably strong legislative
framework that enables the passing of child protection laws and policies, both at the
national and local levels wherein it has been studied that Child Protection could lead
to ill-disciplined students and Filipino youth for it disturbs symptoms of inter-
generation problems in the erosion of adult authority. Certain groups of children will
require specific attentions, as their exposure to threats and abuses is high either
because they grow up in an unstable environment, with no sufficient protection
network or because the adults they deal with do not see their best as a top priority.
Bernadette J. Madrid et al (2009), child maltreatment prevention in the
Philippines situation: recommendation include conducting a national prevalence
study on child maltreatment; working with communities to increase their readiness
and capacity to implement a primary prevention program on child maltreatment and
identify a central body with the legal mandate children. A central government body
for the implementation of the framework to end violence against children and should
be given in legal mandate and resource to do so.
Alana James (2010). School bullying is a pervasive and most children will
probably experience it at some stage as a witness, a victim, or by being bully them.
Large scale surveys show that if happen across the world, through it can involve
different behaviors and help different meanings in different countries. Telling
someone usually help but this does depend upon how well it is acted upon by the
school. Training should be made available to teachers and other school staff in how
to recognize bullying, and how to intervene effectively it is very positive that the most
schools in the UK have an anti-bullying policy, but work is needed to ensure
consistency and comprehensives, so that all young people are afforded the same
protection from bullying. Further research is needed into the effectiveness of different
intervention.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Lynne Benson et al. (2006). In child safe organization, the child-safe organization
training program and toolkit provide a framework for development and practical
application of child protection policies within local organization that work with for
children. The training especially target grassroots and local organization which may
not have the benefit of policy department and in-house child protection specialist.
The most important factor to consider when organization develop policies and
guidelines ins the best interest of children. It is important that children rights are
respected in accordance with the United Nations convention of the right of the child
and national laws. Basic rights includes the right to protect from harm, the right to a
safe and appropriate environment, and the right to be listened and valued.
Seamus Dooley et al (2021). In guidance for media reporting on child abuse and
neglect. It is stated that sensitive and professional journalism is a key element in any
media strategy for improving the quality of reporting concerning human rights and
society. The daily challenge to journalist and media organizations is particularly felt
in coverage of children and their rights. It is hoped that these guidelines will become
useful references pint for journalist and public bodies when it comes to reporting on
cases of child abuse. More so media coverage play an important role in highlighting
issues and concern relating to child protection. However, this should always be
carried out in sensitive manner with the children involve and their family members in
mind.
Julie Des Lauriers (2007). The Child Protection System Response to Domestic
Violence. The Australian child protection policies analyzed all approach the issue of
co occurrent Domestic Violence and child maltreatment differently but all present DV
as a problem directly linked to child protection issues. Not all policies included a
generated analysis of DV use of gendered language also valued. Confidently and
safety of mothers, children, and workers should be the primary concern of all child
protection work and this should also be reflected in policies and procedures.
Supporting and empowering women should be the cornerstone of working with
abused mother as well as providing them with adequate resources for safety and
financial independence from the perpetrator of DV.
Devirah Daro, PH. D. (2011). Child maltreatment Prevention: Past, Present,
Future. Child abuse prevention efforts have grown exponentially over the past 30
years. Some of
Republic of the
Philippines
Department of
Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
this expansion reflects new public policies and expanded formal service such as
parent, education classes, support groups, home visitation programs and safety
education for children. Preventing Child Abuse is not simply matter of parents doing
a better job, but rather it is about creating a context in which “doing better” is easier.
It remains important to remind the public that the child abuse and neglect are serious
treats to a child healthy development and over violence towards children and a
persistent lack of attention to their care and supervision are unacceptable. When the
problem is owned by all individuals and communities prevention will progress, and
fewer children will remain at risk.
Freeman (1992:148) examined the child rights in terms of physical, social,
emotional, educational, health, security and development points of view and noted
that disintegration of family and social systems increased the problem of child rights
violation. The study revealed that the predominance of institution care had led the
families to seek institutionalization as an option for caring for their children in times of
crisis. The scholar suggested that the conditions experienced by many children
made it important that their rights should be taken seriously in modern society in
accordance with the resolutions of UN convention.
Goddard and Carew (1993:156) examined the child welfare practices from the
point of view of children and noted that Victoria had a unique system of child
protection called the “dual track system” under which both police and protective
services were authorized to receive reports of child abuse. The study revealed that
the system was widely known to be working badly and attracted judicial criticism.
The scholar suggested that various stakeholders of child rights protection should be
sensitized and actively involved in the mission.
Farmer and Owen (1995:133) examined the child protection practice with special
reference to private risks and public practice and noted that the evil and wickedness
of children was no respecter of boundaries deriving from class or background. The
media projected the image of an evil child on the basis of an understanding that the
absence of positive role models in the society aggravates the problem. The scholars
concluded that the new and negative image of children impacted deleteriously on
child protection practice.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Tomison (2995:360) examined the factors associated with child rights violation in
Australia and noted that children and young people in Australia readily embraced the
new communication technologies which had dealt with commonly recognized forms
of child maltreatment, sexual and emotional abuse. The scholar has suggested that
restriction of children’s access to offensive material on the Internet and other new
media regulation of the Internet industry.
Freeman (1996:149) examined the importance of a children’s perspective in
litigation and noted that children should be able to have their views heard in matters
affecting them and that these be given due weight. The scholar provide a sound
justification for an enhanced role for children in legal proceedings. The scholar
suggested that children and childhood should be reconceptualized in family and legal
policy so that it would become a common place for children to have a more active
role in decision making.
Mendes (1996:249) examined the conservation criticism of child protection with
special reference to Australia and noted that the characteristics of media campaigns
relating to child abuse were not fully and properly understood by the various
stakeholders due to absence of a body of authentic data. The scholar suggested that
appropriate policies and preventive strategies should be developed on the basis of
community consultation, research and reflection.
Egelund (1996:130) examined the work tools of child protection services which
influenced social work concerning child abuse on the basis of empirical evidence.
The study revealed that people-processing goal can be achieved by professional
diagnosis because of the complexity of family conflict. The scholar argued that the
treatment of families was politically determined and suggested that solutions should
be chosen within the narrow repertoire of legislative recommendation.
Pauline (1997:294) examined the views of children on child rights and noted the
United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child obliged the signatory nations to
treat children with dignity and respect. The scholar pointed out those civil societies
should enable the children to become responsible citizens who learn to respect and
listen to the views expressed by others. The scholar suggested that various
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
stakeholders of child right protection should primarily take into account the views of
the children before designing any intervention strategy.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
INTERPRETATION DATA, DATA ANALYSIS METHOD
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
Conclusion and Recommendation
The committee's conclusions are derived from our analysis of the research
literature and discussions with service providers in the workshops and site visits,
rather than from specific research studies. This analysis takes a client-oriented
approach to family violence interventions, which means that we focus on how
existing services in health, social services, and law enforcement settings affect the
individuals who come in contact with them.
1. The urgency of the need to respond to the problem of family violence and the
paucity of research to guide service interventions have created an environment in
which insights from small-scale studies are often adopted into policy and
professional practice without sufficient independent replication or reflection on their
possible shortcomings. Rigorous evaluations of family violence interventions are
confined, for the most part, to small or innovative programs that provide an
opportunity to develop a comparison or control study, rather than focusing on the
major existing family violence interventions.
This situation has fostered a series of trial-and-error experiences in which a
promising intervention is later found to be problematic when employed with a
broader and more varied population. Major treatment and prevention interventions,
such as child maltreatment reporting systems, casework, protective orders, and
health care for victims of domestic violence, battered women's shelters, and elder
abuse interventions of all types, have not been the subjects of rigorous evaluation
studies. The programmatic and policy emphasis on single interventions as panaceas
to the complex problems of family violence, and the lack of sufficient opportunity for
learning more about the service interactions, client characteristics, and contextual
factors that could affect the impact of different approaches, constitute formidable
challenges to the improvement of the knowledge base and prevention and treatment
interventions in this filed.
2. In all areas of family violence, after-the-fact services predominate over
preventive interventions. For child maltreatment and elder abuse, case identification
and investigative services are the primary form of
intervention; services designed to prevent, treat,
or deter family violence are relatively rare in
social service, health, and criminal justice
settings (with the notable exceptions of foster
care and family
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Samar
CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
preservation services). For domestic violence, interventions designed to treat
victims and offenders and deter future incidents of violence are more common, but
preventive services remain relatively underdeveloped.
The current array of family violence interventions (especially in the areas of child
maltreatment and elder abuse) is a loosely coupled network of individual programs
and services that are highly reactive in nature, focused primarily on the detection of
specific cases. It is a system largely driven by events, rather than one that is built on
theory, research, and data collection. Interventions are oriented toward the
identification of victims and the substantiation and documentation of their
experiences, rather than the delivery of recommended services to reduce the
incidence and consequences of family violence in the community overall. As a result,
enormous resources are invested to develop evidence that certain victims or
offenders need treatment, legal action, or other interventions, and comparatively
limited funds are available for the treatment and support services themselves—
situation that results in lengthy waiting lists, discretionary decision making processes
in determining which cases are referred for further action, and extensive variation in
a service system's ability to match clients with appropriate interventions.
Recommendations for Current Policies and Practices
It is premature to offer policy recommendations for most family violence
interventions in the absence of a research base that consists of well-designed
evaluations. However, the committee has identified two areas (home visitation and
family preservation services) in which a rigorous set of studies offers important
guidance to policy makers and service providers. In four other areas (reporting
practices, batterer treatment programs, record keeping, and collaborative law
enforcement approaches) the committee has drawn on its judgment and
deliberations to encourage policy makers and service providers to take actions that
are consistent with the state of the current research base.
These six interventions
were selected for particular
attention because (1) they are
the focus of current policy
attention, service evaluation,
and program design; (2) a
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
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CALBAYOG CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calbayog City Samar
sufficient length of time has elapsed since the introduction of the intervention to allow
for appropriate experience with key program components and measurement of
outcomes; (3) the intervention has been widely adopted or is under consideration by
a large number of communities to warrant its careful analysis; and (4) the
intervention has been described and characterized in the research literature (through
program summaries or case studies).
