i

LEVELS OF ORIENTAL HERBAL NUTRIENTS (OHN) AS NATURAL

PROBIOTICS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF
ZAMPEN NATIVE CHICKEN

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented to the Faculty of

School of Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental Studies
J.H CERILLES STATE COLLEGE
Mati, San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur

In Partial Fulfilment of
The Requirement for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(ANIMAL SCIENCE)

EDWARD JON L. HOFELINA

DARWIN R. BUYSER, JR.

JUNE 2022
 ii

ABSTRACT

EDWARD JON L. HOFELINA and DARWIN R. BUYSER JR., April 2022,”

LEVELS OF ORIENTAL HERBAL NUTRIENT (OHN) AS NATURAL
PROBIOTICS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ZAMPEN NATIVE
CHICKEN, School of Agriculture Forestry and Environmental studies J. H.
Cerilles State College, Mati, San Miguel Zamboanga del Sur. An Undergraduate
Thesis.

Thesis Adviser: JERRY B. SUPERALES PhD.

This study was conducted from November 01, 2021, until February 23, 2022 at
Don Jose, Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur covering a total of 116 days including the
brooding stage of the chicken, this study was conducted to determine the
potential effect of Oriental Herbal Nutrient on the growth performance of ZamPen
native chicken. The study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with four (4) treatments and three (3) replications, as follows; Treatment
1 (Control- pure water), Treatment 2 (10% of OHN/ 1L of water ), Treatment 3
( 15% of OHN/ 1L of water), Treatment 4 (20% of OHN/ 1L of water). It was found
starting from the first until eight weeks of the study, statistical analysis revealed
that only second week of gathering data in weekly water intake of the chicken
showed significant difference among treatments. Result revealed that T2 (10% of
OHN / 1L of water) got the highest result on the growth performance of ZamPen
Native Chicken with the total mean of 83.7 grams, while T1 and T2 obtained a
total mean of 77.7 and 71.3 grams respectively Treatment 4 obtained the lowest
growth performance of 70.8 grams. Return and investment (ROI) of ZamPen
native chicken shows that only treatment 1 had the highest result with 92%. The
result implies that the supplementing different levels of OHN had no impact on
the investment as such lowest profit were attained. However, result shows no
significant difference among treatment. As observe the trend of the result from
the start until the end of the study that no one from the rest of the Treatment used
 iii

in particular study could replace the pure top water on the growth performance of
ZamPen Native Chicken.

Keywords: Growth, Probiotics, Treatment, Water intake, Levels, OHN

 iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their warmest thanks to the

following persons who willingly helped and shared their brilliant ideas that made

this research paper possible.

JERRY B. SUPERALES PhD., thesis adviser, for his support in imparting

his ideas about the study and helping us with the materials needed;

EMELYN D. TORMES PhD. consultant, for sharing her suggestion,

knowledge, advices, and personal help to the researchers during the conduct of

the study.

Ms. NELMIE P. PONIO PhD. technical expert, for her comments and

suggestions to the manuscript which enabled the researchers to clarify certain

points; and

Mr. ARON LOUIE L. PALER, statistician, for giving his valuable time for

computing the data gathered and for showing humbleness, and for being

approachable; and

Dr. TEONITA VELASCO, Dean, for giving her valuable time to suggest

and gave reactions to the manuscript with humbleness.

The researchers were also grateful to their beloved parents, brothers,

sisters, relatives, friends, and to their special someone for the moral support

encouragement, inspiration, and kindness to start and pursue this study.

 v

To Almighty God, the creator of all things and source of wisdom, who

gives mind enlightenment, and for keeping the researcher to endured during the

work of this manuscript through the days despite the many sleepless nights,

tiredness, and discouragement.

 vi

DEDICATION

This study is highly dedicated to our precious Heavenly Father who is the

main reason why we stand still, amidst challenges that almost made us to give

up. We are very thankful for the knowledge and strength that only he can give.

Second, to our dearest parents, Mr. & Mrs. Buyser and Mr. & Mrs.

Hofeliña, who was always there to give their financial and moral support and for

giving us encouragement especially those times that we were down.

Lastly, to our research instructor, adviser, consultants, statistician, and

friends who shared their wisdom with us.

Mr. Darwin R. Buyser & Mr. Edward Jon L. Hofeliña

 vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
DEDICATION v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF APPENDICES
CHAPTER viii

1. THE PROBLEM 1
Introduction 1
Objectives of the study 4
Conceptual Framework 5
Statement of the Problem 6
Hypothesis 6
Significance of the Study 6
Scope and Limitation of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 7

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

Native Chicken 9
Poultry Industry 11
Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) 12

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14

Time and Place of the Study 14
Materials, Facility and other Equipment’s 14
Experimental Design and Treatments 15
 viii

Construction of Cages 15
Experimental Design and Layout of the Study 16
Procurement of ZamPen Native Chicken 17
Preparation in Making Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) 18
Distribution and Recognition of ZamPen native chicken 19
Feeding, Care and Management 19
Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) Administration 19
Data to be Gathered 20
Statistical Analysis 21

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 22

Observations 22
Average weekly weigh gain 23
Average weekly feed conversion efficiency 23
Weekly water intake of ZamPen native chicken 25
Return of Investment per Treatment 26

5. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 27

Summary 27
Findings 28
Conclusion 29
Recommendation 30

REFERENCES 31
APPENDICES 33
DOCUMENTATION 64
CURRICULUM VITAE 70
 ix

LIST OF APPENDICES
PAGE NO.
1. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 1 week 33
as supplemented with varying levels of OHN.

1a. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 2 weeks 34

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

2. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 3 weeks 35

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

2a. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 4 weeks 36

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

A. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 5 weeks 37

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

B. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 6 weeks 38

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

C. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 7 weeks 39

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

D. Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after 8 weeks 40

as supplemented with varying levels of OHN

E. Actual grand mean weight of the Zampen Native 41

Chicken from week 1 to week 8.

F. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 1 week on the 42

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

G. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 2 week on the 43

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

H. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 3 week on the 44

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

I. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 4 week on the 45

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
 x

Zampen native chicken.

J. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 5 weeks on the 46

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

K. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 6 weeks on the 47

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

L. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 7 weeks on the 48

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

M. Feed Conversion Efficiency of chicken within 8 weeks on the 49

different quantity of feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

N. Grand Mean of Feed conversion efficiency within the first 50

week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of
Zampen native chicken.

O. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 51

within first week on the growth performance of Zampen.
performance of Zampen native chicken.

P. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 52

within second week on the growth performance of Zampen

Q. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 53

within third week on the growth performance of Zampen.

R. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 54

within fourth week on the growth performance of Zampen.

S. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 55

within fifth week on the growth performance of Zampen.

T. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 56

within sixth week on the growth performance of Zampen.

U. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 57

within seventh week on the growth performance of Zampen.
 xi

V. Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient 58

within eighth week on the growth performance of Zampen.

W. Grand Mean of water intake of different levels of 59

oriental herbal nutrient on the growth performance
of Zampen native chicken.

Experimental Layout 60
The return of investment on this study 61
Cost and return analysis ROI 62
 xii

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1 Weekly weight gain of ZamPen Native Chicken 23
of supplemented with different levels of OHN.
1. Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) OF ZNC. 25
2. Weekly water intake (L) of ZNC with different 26
levels of OHN.
3. Return of investment per treatment. 27
 xiii

LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE PAGE
1. Conceptual framework 5
2. Experimental layout of the study 16
3. Return and investment of the study 27
 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Philippine native chicken is the common fowl found in the backyards of

most rural households and has been the main source of meat and eggs for

Filipino farmers (Landes et al., 2004; Chang, 2006; Dusaran & Pabulayan, 2015).

It comprised close to 60% of the total chicken population of the country. DOST-

PCAARRD,(2012), emphasize that native chicken has high adaptability on local

agro-climatic condition, hardiness, ability to utilize farm products resistance to

diseases and good breeder,,s and efficient foragers.

However, the business of growing native chicken is simplified by a number

of concerns related to production and marketing. Some of the issues related the

o production of native chicken include breeding and selection, the and

seasonality of feedstuffs (Rañola, 2007). Among the poultry products, above the

base year per capita production levels were noted for chicken (dressed) at 12.81

kilograms and chicken egg at 4.69 kilograms in 2017.

The important role of native chickens in the Philippine economy lies not in

their effect on the gross national income but in serving as a stable and reliable

source of protein food for the rural folks and as direct support for farmer’s

immediate needs (Lambio, 2000). Aside from this, native chickens being
 2

commonly raised in the countryside can adapt, survive and reproduce under

adverse conditions with marginal care and low production inputs.

In breeding indigenous/native breeds of chickens, genetic improvements

are made either through selection and crossbreeding by or employing both

(Padhi, 2016). These improvements through selection may be time-consuming,

but the improvement will be permanent cognizant of the fact that Philippine

chickens are mongrels, very slow growers, requiring 8 to 10 months before

reaching one kilogram in weight, and are poor egg layers (Perez, 2016).

The initial intervention to purify certain breeds of native chicken is seen as

a science and technology solution to improve the production efficiency of native

chicken (DOST-PCAARRD, 2017). The known documented strains of the

Philippine native chickens are Banaba from Batangas, Bolinao from Pangasinan,

Camarines from Bicol, Darag from Iloilo/Panay, and the Paraokan from Palawan.

These native chickens are a mixture of different breeds and are believed to have

descended from the domesticated red jungle fowl (Ulfah et al., 2016).

In the Zamboanga Peninsula, the purified Joloano strain from the

mongrel’s native chicken, locally termed as Zamboanga Peninsula (ZamPen)

native chicken, is seen by the DOST-PCAARRD as a new breed and emerging

as one of the best performing native chickens in the Philippines. In the

preliminary works of Narvaez and Castillo (2017), this new strain showed that the

average weight, percent viability, hen-day and hen-housed egg are higher

compared to other breeding stations with 80% fertility and hatchability, and 90%

survival rate.
 3

Another performance indicator to look into new strains is its feeding

(Rañola, 2007). According to Hussein (2014), feed cost in poultry operation

covers about 70-75% of the total cost of production. Feed costs have a major

impact on the profitability of poultry farm operations. Managing feed formulas for

accuracy is an important step in the poultry farm management to safeguard the

environment, and reduce operating costs (Hamra, 2010). Support beneficial

microflora in the intestine and inhibit the pathogen growth. They support the

immune system in general and increase growth rates in raising a poultry (Cyball,

2021).

The term probiotic is etymologically derived from the Latin preposition pro

(for or in support of) and the Greek word (biotic), which literally means “for life”.

The main postulated health benefits associated with probiotics include improving

the gut microflora balance, stimulating the immune reaction, producing different

antimicrobial substances, modulating the immune response, producing digestive

enzymes, and reducing cholesterol levels (Ramirez & Chavarin et al., 2013;

Smug et al., 2014)

Therefore, it is imperative to the study the influence of natural probiotic as

water supplement on the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

 4

Objectives of the study

The general objective of the study was to evaluate the effect and

performance of OHN as natural probiotics of ZamPen native chicken.

Specifically, it aimed to;

1. Determine which levels of OHN perform best on the growth performance

of ZamPen native chicken.

2. Evaluate the feed conversion efficiency and water intake of ZamPen

native chicken; and

3. Calculate the return of investment (ROI) of ZamPen native chicken as

supplemented with OHN.

 5

Conceptual Framework

This figure was drawn to determine what are the variables intervening the

dependent variables of the study.

Growth:
Zampen T1 - 100% pure water
-Weight
of the
Native
(Control) Zampen
Chicken
- Average Weekly
T2 - 10% of OHN / 1 liter of
gain
water. -Feed Conversion
Efficiency
T3 - 15% of OHN / 1 liter of
-Weekly Water
water. Intake

T4 – 20% of OHN / 1 liter of

water.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

 6

Statement of the Problem

The study was assessed the levels of natural probiotics on the growth

performance of ZamPen native chicken from birth to 16 weeks. Specifically, this

sought to answer the following questions:

1. What levels of OHN will give the highest weight gain of chicken?

2. What level of OHN gives the highest average daily gain and feed

conversion efficiency?

3. What is the effect of OHN on the water intake of ZamPen native chicken?

4. What treatment that will give the highest economic return of

investment?

Hypothesis

There were no significant differences among the treatments of ZamPen as

supplemented by different levels of natural probiotics.

Significance of the Study

The study was useful for the farmers who want to engage in ZamPen

production. It served as the benchmark for future researchers who want to

explore more about the effect of different levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)

on ZamPen production. This study helps meet the increasing demand of for

ZamPen products (Meat) in the Philippines.

 7

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study was limited only to the levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient as a

natural probiotic on the growth performance of ZamPen native chicken. The

study was focused on 84 ZamPen Native chickens that was distributed in 12

pens with 4 treatments. Treatment 1 was control, treatment 2 was 10% of OHN/

1liter of water, while treatment 3 was 15% of OHN / 1 liter of water, lastly

treatment 4 20% of OHN/ 1 liter of water. Specific parameters of growth

performance was among the data gathered.

Definition of Terms

The conceptual and operational definition was intended to provide the

readers better understanding of the important terms that occurred in the study.

Growth. It refers to a positive change in size, and/or maturation, often

over a period of time by supplementing different probiotics.

Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN). Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) is used

in natural, also known as organic, farming to restrain the growth of anaerobic

bacteria, which usually thrive without the presence of oxygen that can cause

diseases in plants.

Probiotic. Are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for you, especially

your digestive system. We usually think of these as germs that cause diseases.

But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad. Probiotics are often called

"good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy.
 8

Water Intake. It refers to a daily fluid (Total Water) define as the amount

of water consumed.

ZamPen Native Chicken. Is known for its tender meat, sweet flavour,

ability to grow faster than other native chickens in the Philippines.

Average Weekly Gain (AWG). Can be defined as the average amount of

the weight a market animal will gain each day during the feeding period.

Levels. Measure the applied treatment to the chicken.

 9

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter exhibits works that are related and show relevance to the

subject matter. The researchers gather facts and knowledge through looking into

book articles and internet. Also, by examining and searching for thesis and

dissertations that will lead and bring us information about my research problem.

Native chicken
Native chicken for the rural households are regarded as component of

security assets of the family wherein unexpected financial discomfort can be

attenuated by the cash earned from selling the flock. In this sector, minimal

inputs are required to rear the flock as compared to the capital-intensive

commercial sector (Lizada, [Link], 2013).

According to (Lambio, 2000), that the important role of native chickens in

the Philippine economy lies not on its effect to the gross national income but on

serving as a stable and reliable source of protein food for the rural folks and as a

direct support for their immediate needs. Aside from this, native chickens being

commonly raised in the countryside can adapt, survive and reproduce under

adverse conditions with marginal care and low production inputs.

One of the performance indicators to look into new native strains is

through to reduce operating costs and at the same time, safeguard the

environment. Enriched dried coconut (Cocos nucifera) dregs (EDCD) as feed

substitute for native chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) ZamPen strain diet was

evaluated in terms of its effect in the average gain weight (AGW), average daily
 10

gain in weight (ADG), average feed consumption (AFC), feed conversion

efficiency (FCE), feed cost per sew meat produced, and the return of investment

(ROI). The different levels of EDCD mixed with commercial grower crumble

(CGC) were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%. Feeds were mixed with water at 1:1 ratio and

administered as wet feeding in two feeding sets. The AGW, ADG, AFC, FCE of

birds fed with substituted ration (10%, 20%, 30%) were statistically comparable

with birds fed with 100% CGC. As the level of substitution increases, the level of

crude protein percentage decreases, thus FCE also decreases. However, as the

level of substitution increases, the AFC also increases. Finally, the ROI of birds

fed with substitution ration were comparable with birds fed with pure CGC. Based

on the result, EDCD can be substituted to as high as 30% since at this level, the

results of all parameters tested was comparable with the control treatment.

(Viliganilao, & Caitum,2019)

As organic livestock farming is still evolving, some research and

development (R&D) topics in the context of sustainable smallholder livestock

farming in the tropics are suggested for each of the foregoing issues or concerns.

(Orville L Bondoc, 2015). The gut is a fundamental organ system which makes

up two equally important functions, i.e., the digestion and host defence. To elicit

the well-functioning and healthy gut, the dynamic balance of gut ecosystem is of

importance. A wide range of factors related to diets and infectious disease

agents seem to affect this balance, and subsequently affect the health status and

production performance of the chicken. With the ban and/or reduction of the use

of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry production, the alternatives to

 11

AGP are needed especially to preserve the balance of gut microbiota in chicken.

This review provides a summary of the potentials and possible mechanisms of

action of some alternatives to AGP (referred as nutraceuticals) in improving the

gut microbial ecosystem and immune system as well as growth performance of

poultry ( Sugiharto, 2016 ). Feed additives are a group of nutrient and non-

nutrient compounds which helps in improving the efficiency of feed utilization and

thus reducing the high cost of feed. Now days, use of herbal feed additives are

gaining importance in poultry production due to ban on use of certain antibiotics

because of their harmful residual effects. Herb is defined as a flowering plant

whose stem above ground does not become woody and a plant when valued for

its medical properties, flavor, scent, or the like. (Vinus, et al. 2018)

Poultry Industry
A variety of synthetic feed additives including drugs and antibiotics are

used in poultry feeds to maximize the efficiency of production, product quality

and to control diseases (Bedford 2000; Whitehead 2002). Although the modes of

action of antibiotic growth promoters are not fully understood, the main effects

are thought to be mediated via the gut associated bacteria (Gaskins et al. 2002).

The poultry and pig industries are currently moving towards a reduction in

use of synthetic antibiotics due to public concerns regarding development of

antibiotic–resistant bacteria in humans (Barton 1998). In the European Union, the

use of antibiotic growth promoters as feed additives is now restricted. This

restriction, however, has resulted in an increased incidence of enteric disorders

such as necrotic enteritis in poultry. Use of herbal feed additive is gaining

 12

importance in animal production due to ban on use of certain antibiotics, harmful

residual effects and cost effectiveness. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and

highly available minerals as well as herbs can be seen as alternatives. Herbs,

spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. They can

stimulate feed intake and endogenous secretions or have antimicrobial,

coccidiostatic or anthelmintic activity. A major field of application of herbs is the

protection of animals and their products against oxidation.(T Suganya, et al

2016)

Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)

Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN), a fermented extract of herbs, is used in

Natural Farming to provide plants and soil microorganisms with micro-nutrients,

which may optimize their resilience to environmental stresses (wind, heat,

drought, etc.). OHN is a mixture of edible, aromatic herbs extracted with alcohol

and fermented with brown sugar. It is used to discourage the growth of

anaerobic, potentially pathogenic microbes and encourage beneficial aerobic

microbes in the soil and on plants. Herbs long recognized by many ancient

cultures as having such prebiotic properties include fresh ginger root (Zingiber

officinale), turmeric root (Curcuma longa), garlic cloves (Allium sativum), the bark

of Angelica acutiloba, licorice root (Glycurrhiza uralensis), and cinnamon bark

(Cinnamomum sp.) (Chow 2002, Sarker and Nahar 2004, Castleman. 2010, Naz

et al. 2010, Jayaprakasha and Rao 2011, Maekawa et al. 2013, Ming and Yin

2013, Yadav et al. 2013). These herbs are used in the creation of OHN
 13

Probiotics are defined as microbial food supplements which beneficially

affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. The probiotics

were improved feed conversion for the target species, reduced morbidity or

mortality and benefits for the consumer through improved product quality. In this

study, we found that a combination of probiotics with different mechanisms of

action could amplify the protective range of bio-therapeutic preparations and the

potentiated probiotics are more effective than their components separately.

Bacterial probiotics were effective in chickens, pigs and pre-ruminant calves,

whereas yeasts and fungal probiotics were given better results in adult

ruminants. Probiotics were enhanced the growth of many domestic animals

improved the efficacy of forage digestion and quantity and quality of milk, meat

and egg. Probiotics protected animals against pathogens, enhanced immune

response, reduced antibiotic use and shows high index of safety. The trend for

future could be focus on basic research to identify and characterize existing

probiotics strains, determine optimal doses needed for certain strain and asses

their stability through processing and digestion. (Hassan, et al., 2009).

 14

CHAPTER 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research was conducted in order to determine whether the Oriental

herbal nutrient (OHN) had the potential effect of improving the growth

development of ZamPen Native Chicken and playing a significant role in poultry

production.

Time and Place of the Study

The study was conducted at the Don Jose, Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur,

covering a total period of 4 months.

Materials, Facility and other Equipment’s

The study utilized the following materials and equipment: 84 straight-run

hardened ZamPen native chickens and 12 partitioned rearing pens to house the

experimental stocks Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) was prepared before the

study started. A digital weighing scale was used to determine the weight of the

chickens. Waterers and feeding troughs were provided in each pen for the water

and feed supply. Nipa, lumber, bamboo and net, and other materials was used in

constructing the house of the native chicken.

 15

Experimental Design and Treatments

The study was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)

with four (4) treatments, and three (3) replications. Eighty-four (84) heads of birds

were randomly distributed to twelve (12) pens with seven (7) per pen. The

varying treatments were as follows:

Treatment 1 - 100% Pure Water

Treatment 2 - 10% of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) / 1 L of water

Treatment 3 - 15% of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) / 1 L of water

Treatment 4 - 20% of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) / 1 L of water

Construction of Cages
A (2m x 3m) housing was made of local materials such as bamboo, nipa,

and round timber. The birds were allowed to range during daytime with an area

of 1m2/bird as recommended by the Philippine National Standard for Free Range

chicken and keep them inside the house at night. Each block was divided into

four pens with seven birds in each pen. Before the arrival of the birds, the cage,

drinking feeding trough and all other equipment used in the study were clean and

disinfected thoroughly. Twenty-five (25) - watts bulbs were provided in a coop as

the source of heat and light. During the brooding period, all treatments are

provided with a 25 watts bulb for 24 hours for proper temperature.

 16

Experimental Design and Layout of the Study

The layout of the experimental pens follows the layout and the design of

the housing experiment. There were three pens each pen will consist of four

cages a total of 12 randomly distributed to the different treatments. The treatment

was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Based on the condition,

the lay-out of the experiment with corresponding random assignment of

treatments was done as follows;

REPLICATION 1. T1 T2 T3 T4

REPLICATION 2.
T4 T3 T1 T2

REPLICATION 3.

Figure 2. Experimental Layout of the Study

 17

Procurement of ZamPen Native Chicken

Eighty-four (84) heads of Zampen Native Chicken were purchased from a

reliable source within the municipality of Dumingag, Dapiwak (JHCSC ZamP;en

Project), Zamboanga del Sur. Before the arrival of the chicks, brooding facilities

were prepared. Upon the arrival of the chicks, they had been given pure water to

prevent dehydration due to travel stress and were given a small number of feeds.

Brooding Management
The brooder was set up before the arrival of the chicks. It was thoroughly

cleaned and disinfected to prevent pests and diseases. The brooder have

enough lights to provide proper temperature of the chicks to avoid mortality.

 18

Preparation in Making Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)

This diagram shown the process of making Oriental herbal Nutrient as

water supplement for ZamPen Native Chickens.

Step 1: Skin the garlic and ginger (or any combination of herbs of your

choice)

and cut garlic cloves in half and slice ginger into quarter of an inch.

Step 2: Mix the sliced herbs with 1 litre of molasses. Cover the mixture

tightly

and seal the container with masking tape.

Step 3: Label the mixture with the name and the date of fermentation, then

leave it for 3-5 days. After the first stage of fermentation, open the

cover then add 2.2 liters of pure coconut vinegar.

Step 4: Cover the mixture again and seal it with masking tape, leave it for

10

days. After 10 days, extract the liquid to another container. Label it

‘first extraction. This is the only time you can use the mixture as

feed

for animals.

Step 5: After the first extraction, add 200 grams of chilli and 100 grams of
 19

panyawan, leave it for 10 days. After 10 days, proceed to the

second

extraction.

Distribution and Recognition of Zampen native chicken

The birds were distributed in every area and checked to make them free

from the diseases; after one month of brooding, the chicks were distributed to

their thriving pens. There were seven birds in each pen and individually tagged or

identified. Leg bands were prepared in each treatment with different colors for

proper identification. Color black leg band was for the control group, the color

blue was for the treatment 2, color yellow was used for the treatment 3, and

treatment 4 have a red color band.

Feeding, Care and Management

Before feeding waterers and feeders were cleaned to avoid contaminants

and other foreign organisms that may cause diseases to the birds. Feed must be

available at all times to the chicken. The chicken cages were constructed

properly to prevent the entry of a stray animals and pests that had the potential to

attack chickens. Each cage was implemented daily water in morning and

afternoon to maintain the moisture content and to obtain environmental

conditions. It was provided with clean waterers and feeders. Lastly, the proper

sanitation and cleanliness of cages and the surroundings was also maintained to

prevent possible disease incidence.

 20

Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) Administration

After 1 month of brooding the chicken, it was distributed to the different

cages. A 1 liter of water with different levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)

had been given. On the next morning the remaining diluted water had been

measured from each waterer to get the water intake per treatment and be

replaced with another one litter consumable for another day. Process had been

repeated daily until the study completed.

Data Gathered

1. Weekly weight gain (g) of the ZamPen – This was determined by weighing

the ZamPen before rearing an at one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4) weeks

after introducing it to its individual cages.

2. Average Weekly Weight (g) Gain of ZamPen Native Chicken - It was

determined by subtracting the present weight by previous weight of the

chickens per week.

AWG = Finish weight-Start weight

Age (days)

3. Average Weekly Feed Conversion Ratio – This was determined by

dividing the weight gain over the amount of feed consumed for the

particular week, as presented by the formula below as.

Feed Intake
Final Weight – Initial Weight
 21

4 Weekly water intake with Oriental Herbal Nutrient –This was determined

by measuring the remaining water, left in the waterer every morning. Data

was summarized in weekly bases.

5 Economic Return of Investment – The cost of producing ZamPen

supplement with varying levels of oriental herbal nutrient was recorded.

Net income and return on investment was used this formula:

Net Income = Total Sales-Total Expenses

Net Income
ROI = x 100
Total Expenses

Statistical Analysis

The data gathered were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in

Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Significant differences between

the four treatments was further determined through Turkey’s test.

 22

CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Observations

Care and management practices were implemented during the whole

duration of the experimental period. Weekly observations were noted from the

onset until the offset of the study. Before supplementing, the initial weight was

taken in every chicken for the growing stage. There were 84 heads of chickens

purchased from Municipality of Dumingag, Dapiwak (JHCSC ZamPen Project),

Zamboanga del Sur.

As observed, on the first week of giving a supplement to the chicken, it

was noticed that there were leftovers of Oriental herbal nutrients on the waterers.

Moreover after 2 weeks of supplementing, still selective drinking was often

observed especially those chicken in treatment 4 while the chicken in Treatment

2 and Treatment 3 are slowly adopted the formulated levels of Oriental Herbal

Nutrient.

Every week there were an increase of feed consumed. Weekly weight was

done and it shows that every chicken gained weight in every week. This is

because as the chicken grows older, the weight gain increases and the body

requirements for maintenance also increase. Feeds were given to chicken,

sometimes chicken does not consume all their water supplement in their waterer

because of environmental factors experienced. These include the bad weather

condition associated with thunder and strong winds.

 23

Average weekly weight gain

Table 1 shows the average weekly weight gain of ZamPen Native

Chicken (ZNC) applied with different levels of oriental herbal nutrient (OHN) as a

water supplement. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among

treatments in the first week to eight weeks. The computed f- value is less than

5% of the f- critical value level of significance. Treatment 2 (10% of OHN/ 1L of

water) is the highest result on the growth performance of ZNC with total mean of

83.7, while treatment 1 and treatment 3 obtained a total mean of 77.7 and 71.3

respectively, treatment 4 obtained the lowest total mean of 70.8. Moreover, the

result indicated that the four treatment were significantly the same and the null

hypotheses is accepted.

According to Philip, et al 2016 that the addition of 15ml OHN in the

drinking water of colored broilers resulted to better gain in weight and FCR

comparable to those given VMAP without affecting the feed and water intake of

the birds.

   

Week
Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Grand Mean

T1(water) 62.3 115.0 106.0 91.0 75.3 66.7 44.3 69.7 77.7

T2(OHN 5%)
50.7 100.3 103.3 78.0 85.3 87.7 76.7 78.7 83.7
(Per Liter)
T3(OHN 10%)
58.0 56.0 111.9 49.1 71.7 93.0 70.3 85.3 71.3
(Per Liter)

T4 (OHN 20%)
71.7 94.3 69.7 50.0 105.3 57.0 47.0 69.7 70.8
(Per Liter)

F-test ns ns ns ns ns ns Ns ns ns

CV (%) 35.41 30.48 40.32 32.66 24.94 26.61 41.51 26.24 7.56
 24

Table 1. Weekly Weight Gain of Zampen Native Chicken.

Average weekly feed conversion

Table 2 presents the average total feed consumption of ZNC

supplemented by the varying levels of oriental herbal nutrients (OHN). Statistical

analysis revealed no significant difference among treatments. As observed in

Table 2 showed that the, Treatment 1 (control) Treatment 2 (10%of OHN)

Treatment 3 (15% of OHN) and Treatment 4 (20% of OHN) in 1 Liter of water

show the same results in the average weekly weight gain of ZamPen native

chicken. This is in accordance with the study of Landuay et al (2020) that there is

no significant different effect on the weight gain of broiler chicken as

supplemented with OHN as a bio organic supplement

Week
Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Grand Mean

T1 (Control)
46.2 28.0 35.2 36.9 46.3 62.9 92.0 61.9 409.4

T2 (OHN 10%)
(Per Liter) 45.0 36.1 40.9 43.2 41.4 39.9 52.0 50.3 408.3

T3 (OHN 15%)
(Per Liter) 48.9 46.9 28.5 73.8 49.1 38.0 62.0 44.8 392.1

T4 (OHN 20%)
(Per Liter) 40.3 33.6 46.4 76.7 34.4 63.1 78.8 55.3 428.5

F-test ns ns ns ns ns ns Ns ns ns

CV (%) 21.6 21.66 50.88 51.56 23 33.47 34.68 32.12 10.05

Table 2. Weekly Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) of Zampen Native Chicken.

 25

Weekly water intake of ZamPen native chicken

Table 3 shows the weekly water intake (L) of ZamPen native chicken

applied with different levels of OHN as a water supplement. It was found out that

from the first week until eight weeks, statistical analysis revealed that only the

second week showed a significant difference with a coefficient variation of

10.41%. However, the rest of the week shown no significant differences among

Treatments.

In contrast to study of Philip R. et al. 2016 that 15 ml OHN as additive in

the drinking water for colored broilers can be used as alternative to VMAP.

Table 3. Weekly Water Intake (L) of ZamPen Native Chicken.

Week
Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Grand Mean

T1 (Control)
(Per Liter) 6.0 6.3a 6.3 6.5 6.9 7.0 7.0 7.0 53.1

T2 (OHN 10%)
(Per Liter) 6.3 6.8a 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 53.1

T3 (OHN 15%)
(Per Liter) 6.6 6.5a 6.2 6.8 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.9 53.4

T4 (OHN 20%)
(Per Liter) 4.6 4.5b 4.9 5.5 5.9 6.0 5.6 5.0 45.9

F-test ns ** ns Ns ns ns ns ns ns

CV (%) 18.3 10.41 15.12 15.23 10.04 6.29 9.08 13.85 12.26
 26

Return of Investment per Treatment

The return of investment (ROI) of the ZamPen Native Chicken

supplemented with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrients was presented in

figure 1. Treatment 1 had the highest return of investment with 92%, followed by

Treatment 3 with 86% and Treatment 2 with 76%, while Treatment 4 had the

lowest return of 73%. The result implies that the supplementing of different levels

of OHN had no impact on the investment as such lowest profits were attained.

Therefore, to observe the trend of the results no one from the rest of the

treatments used in this particular study could replace pure tap water.

Philip R. et al (2016) stated that the same level of OHN also resulted to

less cost per kilogram gain. Based on the prevailing prices of raw materials and

labor cost during the conduct of the study, OHN costs Php183.20 per liter. Based

on the average water intake of the birds, cost of OHN incurred from birds

given15ml, 30ml and 45ml OHN was Php22.41, Php44.90, and Php67.14 per

bird, respectively.
100%
90% 92%
80% 86%

70% 76%
73%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
T1 T2 T3 T4
 27

Figure 3. Return and Investment of the study

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
The study was conducted at Don Jose, Dinas Zamboanga del Sur from

November 01, 2021, until February 23, 2022. It aimed to determine the significant

effect of supplementing Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) on the growth

performance of ZamPen Native Chicken. It also aimed to assess which levels of

OHN show a higher effect on the growth performance of ZamPen and to

determine if there is a significant difference among the levels of OHN. Eighty -

four 84 heads of ZamPen native chicken were randomly distributed to 12 cages

with (7) birds per cage in four treatments laid out in Randomized Complete Block

Design (RCBD). The experimental layout per cage was thoroughly prepared with

3 replications. The cage’s size was (2m x 3m). The treatment was as follows:

Treatment – 1 control Treatment – 2 10% of oriental herbal nutrient per 1 liter of

water Treatment – 3 15% of oriental herbal nutrient per 1 liter of water Treatment

– 4 20% of oriental herbal nutrient per 1 liter of water were added in every

treatment as water supplement to ZamPen. The data revealed that

supplementing levels of (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) show no significant result in

terms of weight performance and feed conversion efficiency but in weekly water

intake of the chicken, it was found that starting the from first until eight weeks of
 28

the study, statistical analysis revealed that only the second week showed

significant differences among treatments.

At first sampling, 7 days after of experimentation, was observed the most

vigorous drinker is the treatment 2 which is supplemented with 10% of oriental

herbal nutrient (OHN) as water supplement.

After 14 days of experimentation, it was noted that the different percent of

OHN as a water supplement show different results particularly in the weekly

increase in the weight of the chicken in fact there was a remarkable increase in

their weight as they grow older.

It was also observed after 42 days of experimentation due to

environmental factors. There were some in the treatment that the chicken

become slower to drink. If the temperature is very high, they consume more

water mixed with OHN.

As observed the trend of the results from the start until the end of the

study is similar. That no one from the rest of the treatments used in this particular

study could replace the pure tap water.

Findings
The following are the finding of the study base on the problem prescribe

1. The effect of adding Oriental Herbal Nutrient as water supplement it was

found out in every treatment that Treatment 2(10% of OHN/ 1L of water) is

the highest result on the growth performance of ZamPen native chicken

with different levels of oriental herbal nutrients was not significantly

different among the four Treatments.

 29

2. The average total feed consumption of ZamPen native chicken

supplemented by varying levels of OHN statistical analysis revealed no

significant difference among the treatment

3. While the result of weekly water intake, it was found out that starting from

first week until eight weeks statistical analysis revealed that only second

week showed a significant difference with coefficient variation of 10.41%.

Therefore, none from OHN mixed with 1 L of water can replaced the

efficacy of pure water in terms of the weight of the chicken.

Conclusion
Based on the result, the researchers concluded that:

1. The growth performance of ZamPen native chicken as affected by Oriental

Herbal Nutrient as water supplement showed no significant differences.

ZNC which was given pure water as the control of the study has certified a

better result of increased weight gain in the chicken.

2. While there is a significant difference after 2 weeks of gathering data on

their weekly water intake with a coefficient variation of 10.41% but the rest

of the weeks showed no significant difference among treatments.

Therefore, the researchers have concluded that OHN doesn’t have

efficacy on the growth performance of ZamPen native chicken.

3. The result implies that the supplementing of different levels of OHN had no

impact on the investment as such lowest profit were attained.

Recommendation
 30

Based on the findings of the study, the following were hereby

recommended.

1. The big scale chicken raiser, using pure water was recommended due

to its effect in terms of the weekly gain in weight of the ZamPen.

2. Proper management should be observed properly to have successful

poultry farming.
 31

REFERENCES

Abuel-Ang, P. 2005. Philippines: Poultry and Products. Annual 2005. GAIN

Report Number RP5033. FAS, USDA. [Link].>Agrifood Consulting
International. 2006. “FAO Poultry <Http://[Link]/gainfiles/200509/

Alloui, M.N., Szczurek, W., & Swiatkiewicz, S., 2013. The Usefulness of
Prebiotics and Probiotics in Modern Poultry Nutrition: A Review/Przydatnosc
prebiotykow i probiotykow w nowoczesnym zywieniu drobiu-przeglad.
Annals of Animal Science 13 (1), 17

Bondoc O.L., [Link] Livestock Farming and Breeding toward Food

Security of Smallholder Farmers in the [Link] Asian Regional
Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture.

Chang, H.S.C 2007. Analysis of the Philippine chicken industry:

Commercial versus backyard sectors. Asian Journal of Agriculture and
Development 4 (1362-2016-107660), 41-56.

Chang, K.S.C., McGinn, J.M, Weinert, Jr. E., Miller, S.A., Ikeda, D.M. and
DuPonte, M.W., 2014. Natural Farming: Oriental Herbal [Link] of
Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Cooperative Extension Service,
Hilo, HI.

Farrell, D.2010. The role of poultry in human nutrition. School of Land, Crops
and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072,
Queensland, Australia

Dalal, V.R., Sheoran, N., Maan N.S.& Tewatia, B.S., 2018. Potential benefits of
herbal supplements in poultry fee. The Pharma Innovation Journal 7 (6),
651-6, 2018

Dusaran,R.N., Pabulayan R.A.V., 2012. Production practices of the native

chicken growers in Western Visayas. Central Philippine.

Bejar, F.R 2011 Respondents’ Preferences and Profitability of the Native and
Upgraded Chickens in Samar, Philippines. Department of Agriculture and
Related Programs,Northwest Samar State UniversitySan Jorge, Samar,
Philippines bejar_43@[Link]

Hamra C.F 2010, An Assessment of the Potential Profitability of Poultry Farms:

A Broiler Farm Feasibility Case Study

Landuay, R. D., Olaybar, B. B., Ramada, J. M., & Soriano, M. L. (2020). Feed
intake, growth and breast fillet sensory analysis of broiler chickens given
 32

drinking water with bio-organic supplements. Animal Biology & Animal

Husbandry, 12(1), 9-19

Livestock Research Division, 2016. Enhancing the potentials of the Philippine

Native Chicken through S&T. DOST-PCAARRD S&T Media Service

Omar, J. A., Hejazi, A., & Badran, R. (2016). Performance of broilers

supplemented with natural herb extract. Open Journal of Animal
Sciences, 6(1), 68-74.

Padhi, M.K. & Hanssen, S.A. 2016. Importance of Indigenous Breeds of Chicken
for Rural Economy and Their Improvements for Higher Production
Performance. [Link]

Philip, R. (2016). Growth Performance of Colored Broiler Given Different Levels

of Oriental Herbal Nutrients (OHN) (Doctoral dissertation).

Rañola, R.F. Jr., Lambio, A., Philippines Univ. Los Baños, College, Laguna
(Philippines) [2007]; Prospect for raising native chicken in the Philippines.
2007.

Sobayo, R.A., Okonkwo, I.J., Sanwo,K.A., Muhammad,S.B Oso,O.A.,

Eruvbetine,D., & Oguntona, E.B., 2018. Effect of natural plant; guinea hen
weed (Petiveria alliacea) parts on growth and carcass indices of finishing
broiler [Link] Agricultural Journal 49 (2), 152-160.

Sugiharto, S., 2016. Role of nutraceuticals in gut health and growth.

performance of poultry. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural
Sciences, 15 (2),99-111,

Suganya, T., Senthilkumar, S., Deepa, K., Muralidharan, J., Gomathi, G.,
Gobiraju, S. ,2016. Herbal feed additives in poultry. Int. J. Sci. Environ.
Technol 5 (3), 1137-45.

Tumampos, S., 2018. Zamboanga Peninsula native chicken gives new source of
livelihood.

Viliganilao, B.J.R. & Caitum, J.P.L. 2019. Utilization of enhanced dried coconut
dregs (EDCD) as feed substitute for ZamPen native chicken (Gallus gallus
domesticus) strain diet. Ciencia, 38, 86-96. [Available online:
[Link]/research_journal].

Wenk, C., 2003. Herbs and botanicals as feed additive in monogastric animals.
Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci., 16: 282289.
 33

APPENDIX A

Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after one week as

supplemented with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrients.

week 1            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 56 78 53 187.000 62.333

T2 12 68 72 152.000 50.667

T3 64 61 49 174.000 58.000

T4 78 55 82 215.000 71.667

Rep total 210.000 262.000 256.000      

Grand Total 728.000

Grand Mean           242.667

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 404.6667 202.3333 0.44 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 692.6667 230.8889 0.5 4.76 9.75

2769.333

Error 6 3 461.5556

3866.666

Total 11 7        

CV = 35.41%
 34

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX B

Actual weight (kg) of ZamPen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient.

week 2            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 73 121 151 345.000 115.000

T2 127 94 80 301.000 100.333

T3 51 58 59 168.000 56.000

T4 83 117 83 283.000 94.333

Rep total 334.000 390.000 373.000      

Grand Total 1097.000

Grand Mean         365.667

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 412.1667 206.0833 o.27 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 5695.5833 1898.5278 2.45 4.76 9.75

 35

Error 6 4457.1667 776.1944

Total 11 10764.9167        

CV =30.48%

ns = not significant

APPENDIX C

Actual weight (kg) of Zampen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient.

week 3            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 178 73 67 318.000 106.000

T2 143 40 127 310.000 103.333

T3 141 89 105.6 335.600 111.867

T4 50 81 78 209.000 69.667

Rep total 334.000 283.000 377.600      

Grand Total 1172.600

Grand Mean           390.867

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 6621.1267 3310.5633 2.13 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 3261.5567 1087.1856 0.7 4.76 9.75

Error 6 9313.1133 1552.1856

 36

Total 11 19195.7967        

CV = 40.32%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX D

Actual weight (kg) of Zampen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrients.

week 4            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 98 108 67 273.000 91.000

T2 97 79 58 234.000 78.000

T3 46 71 30.4 147.400 49.133

T4 53 26 71 150.000 50.000

Rep total 294.000 284.000 226.400      

Grand Total 804.400

Grand Mean           268.133

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 665.6267 332.8133 0.69 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 3915.64 1305.2133 2.72 4.76

9.75
 37

Error 6 2875.28 479.2133

7456.546
Total 11        
7

CV = 32.66%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX E

Actual weight (kg) of Zampen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrients.

week 5            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 64 97 65 226.000 75.333

T2 61 95 100 256.000 85.333

T3 55 93 67 215.000 71.667

T4 127 120 69 316.000 105.333

Rep total 307.000 405.000 301.000      

Grand Total 1013.000

Grand Mean           337.667

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01
 38

Replication 2 1704.6667 852.3333 1.92 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 2050.25 683.4167 1.54 4.76 9.75

Error 6 2660 443.3333

Total 11 6414.9167        

CV = %

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX F

Actual weight (kg) of Zampen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient.

week 6            

TREATMENT
I II III Total   Mean
S

T1 36 61 103 200.000 66.667

T2 87 89 87 263.000 87.667

T3 106 87 86 279.000 93.000

T4 47 70 54 171.000 57.000

Rep total 276.000 307.000 330.000      

Grand Total 913.000

Grand Mean           304.333

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

 39

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 367.1667 183.5833 0.45 5.14 10.92

2619.583
Treatment 3 0.45 4.76 9.75
3 873.1944

2460.166
Error 6
7 873.1944

5446.916
Total 11        
7

CV =26.61%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX G

Actual weight (kg) of Zampen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient.

week 7            

TREATMENT
I II III Total   Mean
S

T1 54 26 53 133.000 44.333

T2 105 50 75 230.000 76.667

T3 46 48 117 211.000 70.333

 40

T4 39 53 49 141.000 47.000

Rep total 244.000 177.000 294.000      

Grand Total 715.000

Grand Mean           238.333

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

1723.166
2
Replication 7 861.5833 1.41 5.14 10.92

2394.916
Treatment 3 1.3 4.76 9.75
7 798.3056

3670.833
Error 6
3 611.8056

7788.916
Total 11        
7

CV = 41.51%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX H

Actual weight (kg) of Zampen native chicken after one week as supplemented
with varying levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrient.
 41

week 8            

TREATMENT
I II III Total   Mean
S

T1 40 73 96 209.000 69.667

T2 73 102 61 236.000 78.667

T3 77 80 99 256.000 85.333

T4 74 78 57 209.000 69.667

Rep total 264.000 333.000 313.000      

Grand Total 910.000

Grand Mean           303.333

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 630.1667 315.0833 0.8 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 523 174.3333 0.44 4.76 9.75

Error 6 2376.5 396.0833

Total 11 3529.6667        

CV = 26.24%

ns = not

significant
 42

APPENDIX I

Actual grand mean weight of the Zampen Native Chicken from week 1 to week 8.

Grand Mean
           

TREATMENT
I II III Total   Mean
S

T1 599 637 504 1740 580.0

T2 705 617 660 1982 660.7
T3 586 587 613 1786 595.3
T4 551 530 543 1624 541.3

Rep total 2441.000 2371.000 2320.000      

Grand Total 7132.000

Grand Mean           2377.333

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 1845.1667 922.5833 0.46 5.14 10.92
Treatment 3 22246.6667 7415.5556 3.68 4.76 9.75
Error 6 12106.8333 2017.8056
Total 11 36198.6667        

CV = 7.56 %
ns = not
significant
 42

APPENDIX J

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 1            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 50.0 35.9 52.8 138.728 46.2

T2 233.3 41.2 38.9 313.399 104.5

T3 43.8 45.9 57.1 146.794 48.9

T4 35.9 50.9 34.1 120.953 40.3

Rep total 362.981 173.885 183.008      

Grand Total 719.874

Grand Mean           239.958

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

F-

SV DF SS MS value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 5689.6517 33368.2767 0.87 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 8032.0967 2677.3656 0.82 4.76 9.75

19646.528

Error 6 3 3274.4214

33368.276

Total 11 7        
 43

CV = 95.40%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX K

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 2            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 40.3 24.3 19.5 84.042 28.0

T2 40.3 31.3 36.8 108.301 36.1

T3 40.3 50.7 49.8 140.794 46.9

T4 40.3 25.1 35.4 100.824 33.6

Rep total 161.096 131.392 141.472      

Grand Total 433.960

Grand Mean 144.653

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 79.085 39.5425 0.66 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 1169.3492 389.783 6.49 4.76 9.75

 44

Error 6 360.3483 60.0581

Total 11 1608.7825        

CV = 21.66%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX L

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 3            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 17.3 42.2 46.0 105.465 35.2

T2 21.5 77.0 24.3 122.790 40.9

T3 21.8 34.6 29.2 85.617 28.5

T4 61.6 38.0 39.5 139.112 46.4

Rep total 122.286 191.823 138.876      

Grand Total 452.985

Grand Mean 150.995

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F
 45

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 659.52 329.76 0.89 5.14 10.92

176.001

Treatment 3 528.0033 1 0.48 4.76 9.75

368.907

Error 6 2213.4467 8

Total 11 3400.97        

CV = 50.88%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX M

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 4            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 32.9 29.8 48.1 110.732 36.9

T2 33.2 40.8 55.5 129.473 43.2

T3 70.0 45.4 105.9 221.273 73.8

T4 60.8 123.8 45.4 229.953 76.7

Rep total 196.808 239.773 254.850      

 46

Grand Total 691.430

Grand Mean 230.477

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 452.7017 226.3508 0.26 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 3780.98 1260.3267 1.43 4.76 9.75

Error 6 5298.505 883.0842

9532.186

Total 11 7        

CV = 51.56 %

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX N
Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 5            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 52.5 34.6 51.7 138.831 46.3

T2 55.1 35.4 33.6 124.050 41.4

 47

T3 61.1 36.1 50.1 147.369 49.1

T4 26.5 28.0 48.7 103.152 34.4

Rep total 195.130 134.137 184.137      

Grand Total 513.403

Grand Mean 171.134

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

264.850

Replication 2 529.7017 8 2.73 5.14 10.92

124.321

Treatment 3 372.9633 1 1.28 4.76 9.75

Error 6 581.1717 96.8619

Total 11 1483.8367        

CV = 23.00%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX O

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken
.
week 6            
 48

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 97.2 57.4 34.0 188.580 62.9

T2 40.2 39.3 40.2 119.786 39.9

T3 33.0 40.2 40.7 113.946 38.0

T4 74.5 50.0 64.8 189.283 63.1

Rep total 244.939 186.933 179.723      

Grand Total 611.595

Grand Mean 203.865

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

319.453

Replication 2 638.9067 3 1.1 5.14 10.92

580.298

Treatment 3 1740.8958 6 2 4.76 9.75

290.861

Error 6 1745.1667 1

Total 11 4124.9692        

CV =33.47 %
 49

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX P

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 7            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 67.4 140.0 68.7 276.087 92.0

T2 34.7 72.8 48.5 156.000 52.0

T3 79.1 75.8 31.1 186.075 62.0

T4 93.3 68.7 74.3 236.298 78.8

Rep total 274.538 357.313 222.609      

Grand Total 854.460

Grand Mean 284.820

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 2307.795 1153.8975 1.89 5.14 10.92

2833.686

Treatment 3 7 944.5622 1.55 4.76 9.75

 50

3658.598

Error 6 3 609.7664

Total 11 8800.08        

CV =34.68%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX Q

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 8            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 94.5 51.8 39.4 185.656 61.9

T2 51.8 37.1 62.0 150.807 50.3

T3 49.1 47.3 38.2 134.523 44.8

T4 51.1 48.5 66.3 165.858 55.3

Rep total 246.453 184.551 205.840      

Grand Total 636.844

Grand Mean 212.281

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F
 51

0.05 0.01

246.543

Replication 2 493.0867 3 0.85 5.14 10.92

157.907

Treatment 3 473.7225 5 0.54 4.76 9.75

290.746

Error 6 1744.48 7

Total 11 2711.2892        

CV =32.12%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX R

Feed conversion efficiency within the first week on the different quantities of
feeds to the growth performance of Zampen native chicken.

Grand Mean
           
TREATMENT
S I II III Total   Mean
T1 452.1 416 360.2 1228.3 409.4
T2 510.1 374.9 339.8 1224.8 408.3
T3 398.2 376 402.1 1176.3 392.1
T4 444 433 408.5 1285.5 428.5
Rep total 1804.400 1599.900 1510.600      
Grand Total 4914.900
Grand Mean 1638.300
 52

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 11342.765 5671.3825 3.35 5.14 10.92
Treatment 3 1995.7892 665.2631 0.39 4.76 9.75
Error 6 10172.6883 1695.4481
Total 11 23511.2425        

CV =10.05 %
ns = not
significant
 51

APPENDIX S

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 1            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 6.3 4.6 7 17.9 6.0

T2 6.3 7 5.7 19.0 6.3

T3 7 5.7 7 19.7 6.6

T4 3.7 3.6 6.5 13.8 4.6

23.30 20.90 26.20

Rep total 0 0 0      

70.40

Grand Total 0

23.46

Grand Mean           7

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

F-

SV DF SS MS value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 3.5217 1.7608 1.53 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 6.9667 2.3222 2.01 4.76 9.75

Error 6 6.9183 1.1531

 52

Total 11 17.4067        

CV = 18.30%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX T

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 2            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 6.7 5.3 7 19.0 6.3

T2 7 7 6.3 20.3 6.8

T3 7 5.5 7 19.5 6.5

T4 4.4 4.6 4.6 13.6 4.5

Rep total 25.100 22.400 24.900      

Grand Total 72.400

Grand Mean           24.133

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

F-

SV DF SS MS value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 1.1317 0.5658 1.43 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 9.2867 3.0956 7.84 4.76 9.75

 53

Error 6 2.3683 0.3947

12.786

Total 11 7        

CV=10.41

Significant

APPENDIX U

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 3            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 7 4.9 7 18.9 6.3

T2 6.9 7 6.5 20.4 6.8

T3 7 4.5 7 18.5 6.2

T4 5.1 5.2 4.4 14.7 4.9

Rep total 26.000 21.600 24.900      

Grand Total 72.500

Grand Mean           24.167

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F- Tabulated-F
 54

value

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 2.6217 1.3108 1.57 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 5.8825 1.9608 2.35 4.76 9.75

Error 6 5.005 0.8342

Total 11 13.5092        

CV = 15.12%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX V

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 4            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 7 5.6 7 19.6 6.5

T2 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T3 7 6.4 7 20.4 6.8

T4 5.4 7 4 16.4 5.5

Rep total 26.400 26.000 25.000      

Grand Total 77.400

Grand Mean           25.800

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

 55

F-

SV DF SS MS value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 0.26 0.13 0.13 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 4.1967 1.3989 1.45 4.76 9.75

Error 6 5.7933 0.9656

Total 11 10.25        

CV = 15.23%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX W

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 5            

TREATMENT

S I II III Total   Mean

T1 7 6.8 7 20.8 6.9

T2 7 7 6.9 20.9 7.0

T3 7 6.1 7 20.1 6.7

T4 4.9 7 5.8 17.7 5.9

Rep total 25.900 26.900 26.700      

Grand Total 79.500

Grand Mean           26.500

 56

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

F-

SV DF SS MS value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 0.14 0.07 0.16 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 2.2292 0.7431 1.68 4.76 9.75

Error 6 2.6533 0.4422

Total 11 5.0225        

CV = 10.04%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX X

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 6            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T2 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T3 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T4 5.4 7 5.7 18.1 6.0

Rep total 26.400 28.000 26.700      

Grand Total 81.100

Grand Mean           27.033

 57

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 0.3617 0.1808 1 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 2.1025 0.7008 3.88 4.76 9.75

Error 6 1.085 0.1808

Total 11 3.5492        

CV = 6.29%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX Y

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 7            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T2 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T3 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T4 4.7 7 5.2 16.9 5.6

Rep total 25.700 28.000 26.200      

Grand Total 79.900

Grand Mean           26.633

 58

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 0.7317 0.3658 1 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 4.2025 1.4008 3.83 4.76 9.75

Error 6 2.195 0.3658

Total 11 7.1292        

CV = 9.08%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX Z

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

week 8            

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T2 7 7 7 21.0 7.0

T3 7 6.6 7 20.6 6.9

T4 4 7 4.1 15.1 5.0

Rep total 25.000 27.600 25.100      

 59

Grand Total 77.700

Grand Mean           25.900

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F

0.05 0.01

Replication 2 1.085 14.2625 0.67 5.14 10.92

Treatment 3 8.3492 2.7831 3.46 4.76 9.75

Error 6 4.8283 0.8047

Total 11 14.2625        

CV = 13.85%

ns = not

significant

APPENDIX AA

Water intake of different levels of oriental herbal nutrient on the growth

performance of Zampen native chicken.

Grand Mean

TREATMENTS I II III Total   Mean

T1 55 48.2 56 159 53.1
T2 55.2 56 53.4 165 54.9

T3 56 48.8 56 161 53.6

T4 33.6 48.4 40.3 122 40.8

Rep total 199.800 201.400 205.700      

 60

Grand Total 606.900

Grand Mean           202.300

Summary table for analysis of variance (ANOVA)

SV DF SS MS F-value Tabulated-F
0.05 0.01
Replication 2 134.007 67.0033 1.69 5.14 10.92
Treatment 3 118.997 39.6656 1 4.76 9.75
Error 6 237.993 39.6656
Total 11 490.997        
CV = 12.26%
ns = not
significant

APPENDIX AB

EXPERIMENTAL LAYOUT

REPLICATION 1. T1 T2 T3 T4

.
 61

REPLICATION 2. T4 T3 T1 T2

REPLICATION 3. T2 T1 T4 T3

APPENDIX AC
Table 28: The return of investment on this study.

Gross Icome
TREATM No. of chickens Kilos per Total ROI
(200 per
ENTS per Treatment chicken Expences percentage
Kilo)
T1 18 Chickens 27 Kls. 5,400 5,808.00 92%
T2 19 Chickens 23 Kls. 4,600 6,020 76%
T3 19 Chickens 26 Kls. 5,200 6,020 86%
T4 16 Chickens 22 Kls. 4,400 6,020 73%

Rep. total     19,600    

 62

APPENDIX AD

Table 29: All expenses

Cost and return analysis ROI
Income Quantity Amount Total amount
Sale of the chicken 82 200/ kilo 19,600
Purchase chicken 90 80 / head 7,200
(Day old)      
Feeds 334 kls. 33 per kilo 11,022
Vitamins:      
Vetracine Gold 24 pcs. 24 each 576
Dextrose Powder 3 pcs. 90 each 270
B1B1 1 pc 260 each 260
Lasota 1 pc 230 each 230
Vaccine (bastonero) 3 pcs. 35 each 105
Electrical Equipment:      
 63

Bulb 3 pcs. 30 90
Poultry net 50 meters 21 / m 1,050
Treatment:
Garlic 1/2 kilo 160/ kilo 80
Ginger 1/2 kilo 180/kilo 90
Chilli 1/2 kilo 40/kilo 20
CVinegar 1 gallon 40 40
Gin 1 pc 225 225
Molasses 1 gallon 60 60
Beer 1 pc 120 120
Man Power 2 days  500/day  1000 
Construction of cages:
Nipa 50 pcs 500 500
Nail 1 kilo 80/kilo 80
Tire Wire 3pcs 50 each 150
Lumber (1x2) 20pcs (stick) 35 each 700
TOTAL:     23,868

ROI = 19,600.00
23,868.00

= 0.82 X 100
= 82 %

APPENDIX AE

DOCUMENTATION
Cage Layout and rearing
 64

Fermentation
 65

Procurement of chicks
 66

Releasing of chicken per pen

 67

Preparation of OHN
 68

Data gathering
 69

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Edward Jon Lamparas Hofeliña

Gender: Male
Home Address: Don Jose, Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur
Date of Birth: August 25, 1999
Place of Birth: Poblacion, Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of Father: Rolan Geñoso Hofeliña
Occupation: Government Employee Driver
Name of Mother: Marialyn Lamparas Hofeliña
Occupation: Government Employee

EDEUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Elementary: Baganian Peninsula Learning Center
Don Jose, Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur
Secondary: President Garcia Memorial Institute of Technology
Don Jose, Dinas, Zamboanga del Sur
Tertiary: J.H. Cerilles State College
Mati, San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur
Degree Course: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
Major Field: Animal Science
Thesis Title: Levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrients (OHN) as Natural
Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Zampen Native
Chicken.
 70

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Darwin Refolledo Buyser Jr.

Gender: Male
Home Address: Bagong Oroquieta, Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Date of Birth: September 28, 1999
Place of Birth: Bagong Oroquieta, Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Iglesia Filipina Idependente
Name of Father: Darwin Nano Buyser Sr.
Occupation: Farmer
Name of Mother: Barcelisa Refolledo Buyser
Occupation: House keeper

EDEUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Elementary: Bagong Oroquieta Elementary School
Bagong Oroquieta, Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Secondary: Guipos National High School
Poblacion, Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur
Tertiary: J.H. Cerilles State College
Mati, San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur
Degree Course: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
Major Field: Animal Science
Thesis Title: Levels of Oriental Herbal Nutrients (OHN) as Natural
Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Zampen Native
Chicken.