Pabna UNIVERSITY
PABNA University OF
of SCIENCE
science &
& TECHNOLOGY
Technology
Department of Pharmacy
Assignment
on
VITAMINS
Course Title: Medicinal Chemistry-I
Course Code: BPH 2203
Submitted to,
Submitted by, G.M. Masud Parvez
Lecturer
MD. Raisul Islam Raza
Department of Pharmacy
Roll No.: 181307
Pabna University of Science & Technology
Reg. No.: 1135173
Session: 2017-18
2nd Year 2nd Semester
Department of Pharmacy
Pabna University of Science & Technology
Date of Submission: 05.12.2020
INDEX
Sl. No. Contents Page No.
01. Definition 01
02. Sources of Vitamins 02
03. Medicinal Uses of Vitamins 02
05. Diseases caused by deficiency of Vitamins 04
06. References 04
Page |1
Definition
Vitamins are the group of organic compounds which are essential for normal cell function,
growth, development and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because
they cannot be synthesized by the body.[1] Vitamins contained the essential building blocks of
life.
The term vitamin is derived from the Latin word ‘vita’ meaning ‘life’, which was coined in
1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who isolated a complex of micronutrients essential
to life, all of which he presumed to be amines.[2]
There are 13 essential vitamins. This means that these vitamins are required for the
body to work properly. They are:
Fat Soluble Vitamins are:
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol)
Vitamin E (Tocopherols)
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
Water Soluble Vitamins are:
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
[3]
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Page |2
Sources of Vitamins
Name of Vitamins Sources
Vitamin A Cod-liver oil, milk, eggs, sweet potatoes, carrots, leafy vegetables, and
fortified foods such as breakfast cereals.
Vitamin D Fortified milk, cheese, and cereals; egg yolks; salmon, cod liver oil.
Vitamin E Leafy green vegetables, almonds, hazelnuts, and vegetable oils like
sunflower, canola, and soybean
Vitamin K Leafy green vegetables like parsley, chard, and kale; broccoli, Brussels
sprouts, and cabbage; and fruits such as avocado. kiwi, and grapes.
Vitamin B1 Beans and enriched, fortified, or whole-grain products such as bread,
pasta, and cereals.
Vitamin B2 Milk, breads, fortified cereals, almonds, asparagus, dark meat chicken,
and cooked beef.
Vitamin B3 Poultry, fish, meat, whole grains, and fortified cereals.
Vitamin B5 Chicken, whole grains, broccoli, avocados, mushrooms.
Vitamin B6 Fortified cereals, fortified soy-based meat substitutes, baked potatoes
with skin, bananas, light-meat chicken and turkey, eggs, peas, and
spinach.
Vitamin B7 Whole grains, eggs, soybeans, fish and also produced in intestinal tract
by bacteria.
Vitamin B9 Fortified cereals and grain products; lima, lentil, kidney, and garbanzo
beans; and dark leafy vegetables.
Vitamin B12 Beef, clams, mussels, crabs, salmon, poultry, and fortified foods
Vitamin C Citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels
sprouts, red and green bell peppers, cabbage, and spinach.[4]
Medicinal Uses of Vitamins
Each of the vitamins listed below has an important job in the body. A vitamin deficiency
occurs when you do not get enough of a certain vitamin. Vitamin deficiency can cause health
problems.
Vitamin A helps to form and maintains healthy teeth, bones, soft tissue, mucous
membranes, and skin. Promotes good eyesight and normal functioning of the immune
system.
Page |3
Vitamin D is also known as the "sunshine vitamin," since it is made by the body after
being in the sun. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium. Calcium helps in the
normal development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones. It also helps
maintain proper blood levels of calcium and phosphorus.
Vitamin E is an antioxidant also known as tocopherol. It helps the body form red
blood cells and use vitamin K.
Vitamin K is needed because without it, blood would not stick together (coagulate).
Some studies suggest that it is important for bone health.
Vitamin B1 helps the body cells change carbohydrates into energy. Getting enough
carbohydrates is very important during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is also
essential for heart function and healthy nerve cells.
Vitamin B2 works with the other B vitamins. It is important for body growth and the
production of red blood cells.
Vitamin B3 helps maintain healthy skin and nerves. It also has cholesterol-lowering
effects at higher doses.
Vitamin B5 is essential for the metabolism of food. It also plays a role in the
production of hormones and cholesterol.
Vitamin B6 helps form red blood cells and maintains brain function. This vitamin
also plays an important role in the proteins that are part of many chemical reactions in
the body. The more protein you eat the more pyridoxine your body requires.
Vitamin B7 is essential for the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, and in the
production of hormones and cholesterol.
Vitamin B9 & Folic Acid (folate) works with vitamin B12 to help form red blood
cells. It is needed for the production of DNA, which controls tissue growth and cell
function. Any woman who is pregnant should be sure to get enough folate. Low levels
of folate are linked to birth defects such as spina bifida.
Vitamin B12, like the other B vitamins, is important for metabolism. It also helps
form red blood cells and maintains the central nervous system.
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that promotes healthy teeth and gums. It helps the body
absorb iron and maintain healthy tissue. It is also essential for wound healing.[3]
Page |4
Diseases caused by deficiency of Vitamins
Name of Vitamins Diseases
Vitamin A Deficiency may cause night-blindness and keratomalacia, an eye
disorder that result in a dry cornea.
Vitamin D Deficiency may cause rickets and osteomalacia, or softening of the
bones.
Vitamin E Deficiency is uncommon, but it may cause hemolytic anemia in
newborns. This is a condition where blood cells are destroyed and
removed from the blood too early.
Vitamin K Deficiency may cause bleeding diathesis, an unusual susceptibility to
bleeding.
Vitamin B1 Deficiency may cause beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Vitamin B2 Deficiency may cause ariboflavinosis.
Vitamin B3 Deficiency may cause pellagra, with symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis,
and mental disturbance.
Vitamin B5 Deficiency may cause paresthesia, or “pins and needles.”
Vitamin B6 Deficiency may cause anemia, peripheral neuropathy, or damage to
parts of the nervous system other than the brain and spinal cord.
Vitamin B7 Deficiency may cause dermatitis or enteritis, or inflammation of the
intestine.
Vitamin B9 Deficiency during pregnancy is linked to birth defects. Pregnant women
are encouraged to supplement folic acid for the entire year before
becoming pregnant.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency may cause megaloblastic anemia, a condition where bone
marrow produces unusually large, abnormal, immature red blood cells.
Vitamin C Deficiency may cause scurvy which leads to symptoms of weakness
megaloblastic anemia. [5]
References
[1].https://www.google.com/search?q=vitamins+definition&oq=vitamins+definition&aqs=ch
rome..69i57j0l7.9687j1j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
[2].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin#:~:text=The%20term%20vitamin%20is%20derive
d,he%20presumed%20to%20be%20amines.
[3]. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002399.htm
[4].https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/vitamin-mineral-sources#1
[5]. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/195878#quick_facts
