POLICE

PHOTOGRAPHY (PART II)

Allan lad Santos, Ms [Link]

 POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY

• BASIC CONCEPTS
• POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
• CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
• MUG SHOT PHOTOGRAPHY

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY

• Police Photography: The art and science

of taking photograph of crimes in progress,
crime scenes and evidences as part of the
police task for its presentation as evidence
in court.
Simply, it is the application of Photography
to Police work.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
USES OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN POLICE
WORK

• Identification
• Recording/preservation of evidence
• Discovering and proving of evidence
• Action of offenders
• Court exhibits

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
1. IDENTIFICATION

•Criminals (suspects,
accused, convicts,
releases)
•Missing persons
•Lost, stolen or damaged
property
•Civilians (applying for a
job, visas or clearances)

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 2. Recording of evidence

Crime scene
• Homicide/murder
• Robbery
• Traffic accidents
• Arsons or fires
• Objects of evidence
• Evidential traces
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
3. Discovering and proving of evidence
• Contrast control (use of filters, lighting techniques, proper films and
paper)
• Magnifications
[Link]- use of short focal length lenses and other
accessories (i.e. extension tubes, close up lenses) to take “close
up” photo of the subject.
[Link]- use of microscope for enlargement purposes
[Link]- reduction of images (microfilming)
• Invisible radiation:
1.X-rays- used for detection of injuries and contrabands
[Link] rays and Infra red- used to detect chemicals, alterations,
erasures and black out or night vision.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 4. Action of offenders

[Link]
[Link]-enactment/
reconstruction of
crimes and crime
scenes
[Link] trap or
entrapments
[Link]
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 5. Court exhibits

Court exhibits - the

production of photographs
for court presentations,
using the following methods.

[Link] enlargements
[Link] slides
[Link] pictures
[Link] photos
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
CASES INVOLVING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

• People VS. Sacab..Physical evidence is

evidence of the highest order. It speaks more
eloquently than a hundred witness.

• People VS. Uycoque & People VS

Nepomuceno Jr...Physical evidence is mute
but an eloquent manifestation of truth and
they rate high in our hierarchy of trustworthy
of evidence.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
• People VS. Sison...Photographs can be
identified by the photographer or by any
other competent witness who can testify to
its exactness and accuracy.

• Calde VS. CA...Autopsic preference is the

acquisition of knowledge from direct self-
perception or autopsy. It is one of the three
accepted sources from which a tribunal may
properly acquire knowledge for making its
decisions .
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 CRIME SCENE

• Crime Scene is a location at which an

offense was committed and where the
potential evidence of that crime may
exist.

• Methods in documenting crime scene

1. Note Taking
2. Sketching
3. Photography
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 Crime Scene Photography

Crime scene photographer has one primary

goal:

Provide visual documentation that is true and

accurate representation of the scene and
evidence

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Crime Scene Photography

Purpose of crime scene photography is to

visually record scene as you found it
Those photographs will be viewed by many
people
If pictures are not taken properly, valuable
evidence can be lost

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Why Take Photographs?
They become a permanent record of the scene
as it appeared when investigators were present
They serve as an aid to refresh the memory
They provide documentation of the crime or injury
Forensic scientists use them to perform
analyses and comparisons
Attorneys, judges, and juries use them as
visual aids before and during trial

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Suggested Equipment

35mm SLR camera

Spare batteries
One 28mm or 35mm lens for wide-angle shots
One 50mm lens for shots requiring normal view
• One 70mm lens for convenient close-ups or
distant shots
• One macro lens for close-up shots
• Or one telephoto zoom lens that combines
them all

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Suggested Equipment

One detachable electronic flash with 6-foot sync

cord
One or two rechargeable battery packs for flash
One tripod
One shutter release cable
Rulers and scales

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Suggested Equipment

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
METHODS OF PHOTOGRAPHING CRIME SCENE

• OVERLAPPING METHOD a method of taking a series

of photographs in a circular or clockwise direction,
overlapping each other slightly to show the entire
crime scene. If a single photograph cannot show
the entire crime scene, apply this method.

• PROGRESSIVE METHOD a method of taking crime

scene photographs starting from a fixed point,
photographing each piece of evidence from
general to specific as the photographer move
towards it , and progressively getting closer.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 How to Photograph Crime Scene

Simply stated, start with general photographs

and progress to specific photographs

This is best accomplished by photographing

the scene in three stages:

1. Over-all photographs (General View/Long-Range)

2. Mid-range photographs (Medium View/Mid-Range)
3. Close-up photographs (Close-up View/Close Range)

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
GENERAL VIEW

• The overall scene are fundamentally

taken to portray the areas as if a
person wiewing the scene is seeing it
from the standing position.

• To obtain this result, the

photographer takes the photograph
with camera at eye level.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 Over-All Photographs

Goal is to get as much information in one picture as

possible
They should be taken before anything in the scene is
moved or disturbed
They record the scene as it was found
They serve as a point of reference for mid-range and
close-up photos taken later
Image should be composed to view the scene all at
once, rather than focusing attention on one particular
aspect of it

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Methods for Taking Over-All Photos
EXTERIOR CRIME SCENE PHOTOS

• Move away from the scene and photograph

it from a distance
• Take photos all way around perimeter
• Include business names and signs
• Photograph nearby street signs, cross streets
• If scene is in a large open area, try to find
nearby recognizable landmarks such as hills,
trees, power poles
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 Method for Taking Over-All Photos

First lens of choice is 50mm

It most closely represents what the eye actually
sees

If you need a broader view, switch to a 28mm or

35mm lens
Remember – a wide-angle lens will distort the
image

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Method for Taking Over-All Photos

Note distortion in this photo

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Method for Taking Over-All Photos

Street
Street

House

Street

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Method for Taking Over-All Photos

INTERIOR CRIME SCENE PHOTOS

• Use of 50mm lens is always

preferable, but inside, a wide-angle
lens may be necessary
• Flash set to automatic usually works
well indoors

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Method for Taking Over-All Photos
Step inside the door and photograph the room in
overlapping segments

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Method for Taking Over-All Photos
Then repeat process from each corner of room, taking
a series of overlapping photos

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Method for Taking Over-All Photos

Turn camera sideways for

indoor overall photos

This will allow for an image

with a ceiling-to-floor
view

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 MEDIUM VIEW

• They are taken in manner which portrays the

scene from approximately 10 to 20 feet of
distance from the subject matter.

• In order that the viewer be permitted to

associate the crime scene with separate
areas of the scene photographed, these
areas should contain sufficient detail to
permit the viewer this association.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Medium or mid-range photographs help in
establishing locations of evidence within the
scene

They focus the attention of the viewer on an

object, but the camera is far enough away
to see other objects in the room

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 CLOSE-UP VIEW

• Normally taken approximately 5 feet or less

from the subject matter.

• The attention is directed to objects which

could not effectively be seen on the long-
range and mid-range photographs

• Take necessary extreme close-up shot of the

subject to show the extent of damage.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Close-up photographs define and give details to a
specific item of evidence

A good example of a close-up photograph would be

hair clinging to a table edge or a bullet graze in a wall

It is not always necessary to take close-up photos

For example: if there are 5 cartridge casings in a group

on the ground, all of same make and caliber, a close-
up of each one has little value

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Close-Up Camera Set-Up

Use macro (close-up) lens or 50mm lens

In extreme close-ups, depth of field is less than 6mm

(¼ inch) so you should use the smallest f-stop
possible

Use of automatic setting improves chances of

proper exposure

Be aware of where your flash is pointing; if possible,

use off-camera flash to direct flash onto subject

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Close-Up Camera Set-Up

Close-up with camera-mounted flash can result in flash

parallax

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Close-Up Camera Set-Up
Close-up with flash off camera results in good illumination of subject.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Systematic Approach

As you progress from over-all to mid-range to

close-up photographs, try to move through
the scene systematically and logically

Try to finish one room before you start the next

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Examples
Over-all
Mid-range

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Close-up Close-up
 Examples

Over-all Mid-range

Close-up

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Guidelines for Crime Scene Photography

Do not take photographs of

anything you do not want
the world to see

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Guidelines for Crime Scene Photography

In general, the majority of photographs should be

taken while standing in upright position with
camera at eye level
However, if you need to get down to take a picture,
do it
The crime scene and any evidence within the
scene should be photographed before anything
is moved or disturbed

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Guidelines for Crime Scene Photography

If a shot is important, take two or more

Vary your aperture and shutter speeds to try
different exposures
Trying different exposures is called bracketing

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Use of Evidence Markers

After over-all and mid-range photographs have

been taken, items to be collected as evidence
should be identified with the use of evidence
markers and photographed again with markers in
place

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Use of Evidence Markers
The number or letter assigned should be
unique to the item

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 PHOTO LOG/NOTE

• If possible, an assistant should follow

the photographer and record a written
log of photographs taken

• Accomplish photographers note

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 PHOTOGRAPHER'S NOTE

CASE NUMBER: SOCO 038-2017

TYPE OF CASE: Robbery with Homicide
LOCATION/ADDRESS: #13 Molave St., San Isidro, QC
DATE: 04 Feb 2017
TIME RECEIVED THE CALL: 1600H
TIME LEAVE THE BASE: 1605H
TIME ARRIVE CS: 1700H
INVESTIGATOR ON CASE: PO3 Juan Dela Cruz
VICTIM/WITNESS: ______________________
FILM USED: Kodak Colored 400 ASA, 36 EXP
NUMBER OF EXP: 24 shots
CAMERA USED: Nikon FM 10 SLR
WEATHER CONDITION: Hazy
CHAIN OF CUSTODY: Turned in to (name of person), (date & time)
ITEMS PHOTOGRAPHED: Itemized
TIME LEAVE THE CS: 2300H, 04 Feb 2017
TEAM COMPOSITION: Name of Team Members Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
SOCO FORM # 4 (RE SOCO REPORT NR: SOCO-038-17

SCENE OF THE CRIME EXAMINATION WORKSHEET

SPECIMEN ENTRIES-PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN

FRAME APERTURE SHUTTER SUBJECT LIGHTING REMARKS

NR SPEED
1-4 5.6 60 Coordination of SOCO T.L. With For Info
to the I.O.C. artificial light
5 5.6 60 Way to crime scene -do- -do-

6-35 5.6 60 Medium Shot of Evidence -do- -do-

in the Crime Scene
36-37 5.6 60 SOCO Team Searching -do- -do-
Possible Evidence
38-63 5.6 60 Overlapping Shot of the -do- -do-
Crime Scene
64-67 5.6 60 SOCO Team Final Search -do- -do-

68-71 5.6 60 The Crime Scene without -do- -do-

Terrorism Evidence
Investigation Course Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
 Use extra sheet if necessary
CAMERA USED: Nikon D90 FILM TYPE: ASA:
LENS USED: FLASH UNIT:
DEVELOPING TIME: DEVELOPED BY:
FIX TIME: LOCATION:
PRINT PAPER:
COMMENTS: DATE AND TIME:
PHOTOGRPAHER:
INCIDENT: TIME BEGAN;
REQUESTING PARTY: TIME ENDED:
OFFICERS ON CASE:
PLACE OF INCIDENT: LIGHTING CONDITION:

Prepared by: Certified and Corrected by: Noted by:

________________________ ______________________________ __________________________
Photographer Team Leader
Terrorism Investigation Course LessonChief SOCO
#15 – Crime Scene Photography
 Use of Scales

It is essential to put a scale next to

Bullet graze
Fingerprint
Bloodstain
Shoe print or tire track

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Use of Scales

It is best to place two

scales at a right angle
to each other around
the object

Focus on the object, not

the scale

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Use of Scales

• Camera should be placed at 90° to

scale and impression
• This way image will have minimum
amount of distortion

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Use of Scales

Pens, coins and

paper clips should
not be used as
scales

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Use of Scales

Fill picture frame

with item and
scale

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
Problem Photographs

To avoid glare while shooting toward

reflective surface, angle flash away from
camera
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 Problem Photographs

Red-eye occurs from

shooting flash directly
into retina of eye
Most cameras have red-
eye reduction setting

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 Problem Photographs
When using off-camera flash, make sure flash is not blocked
by intermediate object, such as door jam

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
CRIME SCENE
PHOTOGRAPHY

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 CRIME SCENE
CRIME SCENE is said to be a
"treasure island" in criminal
investigation. It is because
several pieces of evidence are
mostly found in the crime scene,
which are very relevant for the
solution of the crime.

CS is the venue or place where

essential ingredients of the
criminal act took place. It
includes the setting of the crime
and also the adjoining places of
entry and exit of both offender
and victim.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 TYPES OF CRIME SCENE

AS TO LOCATION

[Link] CRIME
SCENE
this crime scene entails
that the offneder
committed the crime in
an enclosed place.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

2. OUTDOOR CRIME
SCENE this crime
scene is located in an
open area. It could be
inside the vehicle,
airship and vessel.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

3. CONTINUING CRIME
SCENE this crime scene
has a mixed location from
indoor to outdoor or vice-
versa or the continuing
outdoor alone or from one
place to another of the same
jurisdiction, or from one
place crossing to another
area of jurisdiction.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 TYPES OF CRIME SCENE

AS TO TIME OF
COMMISSION

1. DAYTIME CRIME SCENE refers

to a crime scene committed from
sunrise to sunset

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

[Link]-TIME CRIME
SCENE refers to a crime
committed from sunset to
sunrise

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (CSI)

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

refers to a comprehensive inquiry of
a crime scene by conducting
systematic procedure of various
investigative methodologies which
involves recovery of physical
evidence and testimonial evidence
for the purpose of identifying the
witnesses, and arrest of perpetrators
for prosecution.

It technically commence upon the arrival

of the First Responder and
conclude with the lifting on the
security cordon and release of the
crime scene by the Investigator on
Case.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW WHEN CRIME
SCENE INCIDENT IS REPORTED

1. THE MEANS OF REPORT- either by personal appearance, phone or any

other means.

2. THE TIME OF REPORT- exact time of report, the hour and minute should
be recorded.

3. RECEIVER OF THE REPORT- identity of the one who received the report.

4. TIME OF DISPATCH- time when the desk officer dispatches the

investigator should also be recorded, the means of the investigator and the
means of transportation.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 DEBRIEFING OF INITIAL RESPONDER

1. What is the scope and nature

of the scene?

2. What actions or alterations had

been taken or noted by first
responder?

3. What are the status of involved

parties?

4. What level of security had been

established and what further
security actions are required?

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 WHAT ARE SCOPE OF THE
CRIME SCENE

1. Primary focal points

2. Avenues of entry and exit

3. Secondary scenes

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 THE SOCO TEAM AND ITS SPECIFIC
RESPONSIBILITIES

1. TEAM LEADER the one who directs the processing of

the crime scene

2. ASSISTANT TEAM LEADER the one who implements

or executes

3. PHOTOGRAPHER the one who takes photographs of

all pieces of evidence that are relevant to the crime
committed

4. SKETCHER the one who makes sketches of the

immediate, background and inside the scene of the
crime
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
5. MASTER NOTE TAKER one who writes down in short
hand all observations at the crime scene.

6. EVIDENCE MAN the one who is in charge in the

collection, preservation and tagging of the articles of
evidence found at the crime scene.

7. MEASURER one who makes all relevant measurements

of the scene.

8. SECURITY they are tasked to protect the crime scene

before, during and immediately after release of the crime
scene.

9. DRIVER any personnel assigned to operate mobile car

during response.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 EQUIPMENT USED IN CRIME SCENE
RESPONDING

1. SEARCHING TOOLS
Ex. flashlights, magnifier, etc.

2. SKETCHING INSTRUMENTS
a. measuring devices- compass, ruler, etc.
b. recording material- chalk, clipboard, etc.
c. collection of evidence- cutting fliers, knife, dropper,
forceps, fingerprint equipment, etc.

3. PRESERVING MATERIALS
a. container- bottles, envelopes, test tube, etc.
b. label and seal- gummed labes, sealing wax, grease
pencil, etc.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
SEARCHING TOOLS, SKETCHNG EQUIPMENT
AND PRESERVING MATERIALS

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 CONTAMINATION CONTROL

Once the crime scene team is confident of the scene

scope, the team should act to further isolate the crime
scene. Initial perimeters are often a single barrier
leaving little if any buffer between the crime scene and
the on-lookers.

SINGLE BARRIER PERIMETER

A single barrier is fine for initial purposes. It does not
provide sufficient buffer for long term scene effort.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 MULTI-LEVEL CONTAINMENT

1. INNER SCENE- the actual crime scene, where only

authorized investigators and crime scene technicians
operate.

2. WORKING AREA- an area surrounding the inner scene,

where other support police may enter, and equipment is
staged and evidence is brought to.

3. OUTER AREA- it is everything on the outside of the

second barrier, where on-lookers, media and others may
gather

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 THE ENTRY CONTROL LOG

TIME IN NAME/UNIT REASON AT SCENE TIME OUT

DIEGO, H.A. -
1750H SCENE PROCESSING 1823H
HOMICIDE

PEDRO, M.E.-
1759H SCENE EXAM 1845H
INVESTIGATOR

MARTIN, J. -
1800H SCENE PROCESSING 1854H
CS UNIT

INSP. RIVER, H. -
1817H UPDATE BY HOMICIDE
Lesson #151859H
– Crime Scene Photography
PIO
 CRIME SCENE TEAM APPROACH

1. BY AREA -single group of

investigators is responsible
for all activity in the scene.

2. BY FUNCTION -specific
groups are formed to
handle different scene
processing aspects. Ex.
photo team, sketch team,
latent team

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 MANAGING THE CRIME SCENE
1. Crime scene teams have to mann properly.

2. Different stages of the processing methodology demand different

levels of minimum manning.

3. Photography requires two individual such as one who operates the

camera and the other maintains the photo log and assists the first
one.

4. Sketch team requires three indivduals such as the measurer,

annotates the sketch and take notes.

5. Evidence collection team requires two individuals such one who

physically collects the items and the other maintains the evidence log.

6. Search team is a matter of circumstance, but always require a

minimum of two individuals. No two people perceive in the same way,
so two sets of eyes prevent items from being overlooked.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 INITIAL STEPS DURING
CRIME SCENE RESPONSE

1. Record the date, arrival time and weather condition

2. If an injured person is in the scene, arrange for medical attention,

identification and removal. The scene should not be disturbed only
to the extent necessary to have medical aid to the injured or to have
a doctor examined a deceased victim. Each alteration should be
accurately recorded.

3. If the offender is at the scene, apprehend him/her.

4. If the scene is not fully protected, ensure its protection by using other
policemen or other responsible person to keep witnesses, suspects,
and victims who are present from disturbing the scene.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
5. Determine and record the names of those persons at
the scene who may be witnesses, and separate them.
These persons shall be removed from the immediate
area of the scene as soon as practicable.

6. Conduct preliminary questioning of witnesses, suspects

and victims to determine in general the extent of the
incident.

NOTE: Those present within the immediate area of the scene should
only be the minimum number needed to assist the investigator. It
may be necessary to request other policemen or officials present to
refrain from examining or disturbing objects of the scene

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
CRIME SCENE INTEGRITY THREATS
1. ADDITION OF MATERIAL -Ex. shoe prints, fingerprints,
fibers and hairs, cigarette butts, etc.

2. DESTRUCTION OF MATERIAL -Ex. trampled dust

prints in the avenues of approach, bloodstain on the
victims clothing, loss of evidence on the perimeter of the
scene, loss of hair and fibers on the body, etc.

3. MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL -Ex. weapons moved away

from suicide victims, light sturned on or doors and
windows opened, staging actions by relatives, etc.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
CRIME SCENE PROCESSING METHODOLOGY

1. INITIAL NOTIFICATION
a. Who contacted?
b. What were they told of?
c. How did that individual come to know the info?

2. COORDINATION, ASSESSMENT AND TEAM CALL OUT

a. Is this my jurisdiction?
b. How complex is the scene?
c. What are needed?
d. Who are needed here?

3. CONDUCT INITIAL OBSERVATIONS conduct initial scan of the

scene, specifically look for the central theme items, victims, fragile
evidence, avenues of entry or exit, secondary scenes. Act on fragile
evidence immediately, take action before it is lost.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
4. DEAL WITH THE DECEASED
Check apparent deceased victims for signs of life.
Identify anyone who may have already examined
victims. Coordinate the ME for examination.

5. PHOTOGRAPH THE SCENE

Once "life-saving" or death verifying is complete, the
scene is stable, with no further reason to violate or alter
it. Photograph the scene as it is, with both still and
video.

6. DOCUMENT OVERALL OBSERVATIONS

An in-depth observation and description of the scene.
Requires a walk-through, but without altering anything
since sketching and mapping have not been completed.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
7. SKETCH THE SCENE
Create a rough sketch of the scene that includes room
and openings with dimension; furniture with
dimensions; evidence items, with fixing measurements
and support the actual sketch with written notes of
measurements.

8. CONDUCT A FIRST RE-CHECK

Up to this point all obvious evidence and scene
features have been noted, photographed and
[Link] re-check the scene to ensure that no
items or critical observations were overlooked.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
[Link] THE BODY
Release the body from the scene to appropriate
authorities. As it is moved examine the body, being sure
to: document all surfaces before post incident bleeding
occurs;check the body with an ALS for easily dislodged
hairs, fibers or other trace evidence;preserve fragile
evidence by bagging exposed hands or feet.

[Link] THE EVIDENCE

Collect all evidence items that were already located and
documented. Examine each item for additional trace
evidence.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
[Link] A SECOND CHECK
All known evidence has been safely containerized and
removed from the scene. Second recheck involves far
more intrusive actions including: Checking surfaces with
the ALS; fingerprinting walls and other scene surfaces;
and exploratory searches and movement of furniture.

12. CONDUCT A THIRD CHECK

Verify all areas of scene which were perhaps
overlooked. Conduct rechecks until these are negative.
This is a good time to review checklist. Conduct
extremely intrusive actions like chemical enhancement
of floors, bullet trajectory analysis.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
13. CHECK BEYOND THE SCENE
Check the scene perimeter and outlying areas to ensure
that no secondary scenes were overlooked. Good time to
follow blood trails, if present, using botrh visual and
chemical techniques.

14. CONDUCT AN ON-SITE DEBRIEFING

Before releasing the scene, spend a few moments with the
entire team reviewing and discussing the actions taken.
Make sure that no assignments were forgotten or
overlooked by the team. Check individual documentation to
ensure everyone is clear on directions and other scene
aspects.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
15. RELEASE THE SCENE
Release the scene to an appropriate individual. This can
only be done after you are confident that all activities are
complete. The only way back is with an additional search
warant. Remember, if you are unsure, it only takes
manpower to hold a scene.

16. PROCESS AND PACKAGE ALL EVIDENCE

On-scene collection may require temporary evidence for
the long term as soon as practical, which may include
drying of bloody objects. Check evidence vouchers
against scene documentation.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
17. CONDUCT A FORMAL DEBRIEFING
The debriefing should involve all available
parties including the Investigator, initial
responding officer, investigators and crime
scene technicians. Revisit basic information and
action taken. This briefing helps eliminate
investigative "red hearings" and focus
investigative efforts.(WPD Investigator's
Handbook, 2006.)

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
PNP OPERATIONAL
PROCEDURES
MANUAL
(2010)

[Link] briefing;
[Link] of preliminary survey;
[Link] of interview;
[Link] of narrative report;
[Link] team detailed search;
[Link] survey;and
[Link] the crime scene

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 CRIME SCENE RESPONDER'S SPECIFIC
FUNCTIONS, IOC/SOCO RESPONSIBILITIES
AND PROCEDURES

1. FIRST RESPONDER/S (FRs)

[Link] first police officers to arrive at the crime scene are the
FRs who are dispatched by the local police stations
concerned after receipt of incident report.

b. Immediately, the FR shall conduct preliminary evaluation

of the crime scene. This evaluation should include the scope
of the incident, emergency services required, scene safety
concerns, administration of life saving measures and
establishment of security and control of the scene.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
c. The FR is mandated to save and preserve life by
giving the necessary first aid measures to injured
and medical evacuations as necessary. The FR
shall likewise secure and preserve the crime scene
by cordoning the area to prevent unauthorized
entry of persons.

d. The FR shall take dying declaration of severely

injured persons if any.

e. The FR , upon arrival of the IOC shall turn-over the

crime scene. The FR shall prepare and submit CSI
Form 1"First Responders Report" to the IOC.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 2. INVESTIGATOR-ON-CASE/DUTY
INVESTIGATOR
• Upon arrival at the crime scene,
the OIC shall request for a briefing
from the FR and make quick
assessment of crime.

• At this stage, the IOC shall

assume full responsibility over the
crime scene and shall conduct a
thorough assessment of the scene
and inquiry into incident. If
necessary the IOC may conduct
crime scene search outside the
area where the incident happened
employing any of the various
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
search methods.
• Based on the assessment, if the IOC
determines that a SOCO team is required, he
shall report the matter to his COP and request
for a SOCO, otherwise the IOC shall proceed
with the CSI without the SOCO team and shall
utilize CSI Form 4 "SOCO Report Forms in
the conduct of CSI.

• The IOC may by himself if the situation so

demand, conduct CSI if, there is no Provincial
Crime Laboratory Office in the province. The
IOC must, however, ensure that the correct
procedures in the collection of evidence are
observed to ensure the admissibility of the
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
evidence. Terrorism Investigation Course
• The police station operation center, upon directive of the
COP, shall make the request for the SOCO team through the
Provincial/City Operation Center.

• It shall be the responsibility of the Provincial/City Operations

Center.

• Upon the arrival of the SOCO team, the IOC shall accomplish
the CSI Form 2 "Request for the conduct of SOCO" and
submit the same to the SOCO team leader. The SOCO team
shall not enter the crime scene unless the IOC makes the
official written request wherein he assures the SOCO team of
his presence and support.

• The IOC shall brief the SOCO team upon their arrival at the
crime scene and shall jointly conduct the preliminary crime
scene survey.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 3. SOCO TEAM
• The SOCO Team shall not join any
operation conducted by the local police or
accompany FRs or the IOC in going to the
crime scene. They will only respond upon
request through the Operations Center
and after the IOC has already made
proper assessment of the crime scene.

• Upon request of the SOCO, the SOCO

team shall then conduct the scene of the
crime operations which include among
other narrative description of the crime
scene.

• In case the SOCO team needs to

temporarily suspend the processing, the
Chief of Police shall be primarily
responsible and accountable for securing
the crime scene and ensuring its integrity
until the return of SOCO team.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
• After the termination of the SOCO, the SOCO
team shall brief the IOC on the initial result and
thereafter conduct the final crime scene survey
together with the IOC.

• The SOCO team shall accomplish the CSI Form

4 "SOCO Report Forms" and furnish the IOC of
copies of the same before leaving the crime
scene.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 4. RELEASE OF CRIME SCENE

• The IOC shall decide on the lifting of the security cordon

and the release of the crime scene upon consultation
with the SOCO team leader.

• The IOC shall accomplish the CSI Form 6 "IOC

Investigator's CSI Form" before the cordon shall be
lifted.

• The IOC shall ensure that appropriate inventory has

been provided by the SOCO team and shall only lift the
security cordon and release the crime scene ony after
completion of the documentation process.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
• The IOC or the COP shall turn-over the crime scene to
the owner of the property or where the crime scene is a
public place, to any local person in authority.

• The IOC as well as the SOCO team shall completely

fill-out the forms specified in this SOP. The IOC shall
accomplish and submit the investigators report with all
the required attachments to the COP within 2 working
days from the date of incidence.

• The CSI report shall be the first entry in the Case folder
for the investigation of the incident.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 STANDARD CSI FORMS
• CSI FORM 1 - "First Responder's Report Form" to be
accomplished by the FR, and should be signed by the
witness.

• CSI FORM 2 - "Request for the Conduct of SOCO" to be

accomplished by the IOC and submitted to the SOCO
team leader at the crime scene.

• CSI FORM 3 - "Turn-Over of Collected Evidence from

IOC to SOCO Team" to be accomplished by the IOC to
properly turn over to the SOCO team evidence custodian

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
• CSI FORM 4 - "SOCO Report Forms 1-4" a copy of the
said reports shall be provided to the IOC within 24hrs
after the release of the crime scene. The IOC may also
use the forms in the absence of SOCO team.

• CSI FORM 5 - "Release of the Crime Scene" shall be

accomplished by the IOC and witnessed by the SOCO
team leader and conformed by the owner of the property.
A copy of the crime release shall be provided to the
owner.

• CSI FORM 6 - "IOC Investigator's CSI Form" shall be

accomplished by the IOC at the On-Scene-Command
Post prior to the lifting of security cordon.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

 THE CRIME SCENE SEARCH PATTERNS

STRIP METHOD (Single type pattern movement)

DOUBLE STRIP METHOD (Double type pattern

movement)

SPIRAL METHOD (clock-wise or counter-clockwise

movement)

ZONE METHOD (quadrant movement)

WHEEL OR RADIAL METHOD (applied in a circular or

oval areas)
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 CRIME SCENE SKETCHING & ITS
TYPES
• SKETCH is graphic representationof the crime scene. With complete
measurements of the relative distances of relevant objects and
conditions obtaining therein.

TYPES

ROUGH SKETCH - made by the investigator at the crime scene which

is full of important details. Used as the basis for finished sketch.

FINISHED SKETCH - a sketch with a scale of proportion and drawn by

a draftsman. Both rough and finished are for courtroom presentation.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 CRIME SCENE SKETCHING

Rough Sketch
Final/Finished Sketch
Smooth/Refined
Sketch

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 THE CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION

PHYSICAL RECONSTRUCTION
reconstructing the crime based on the
physical appearance of the crime
scene mainly focused on the pieces of
physical evidence and accounts of
witnesses and suspects.

MENTAL RECONSTRUCTION
based on the physical reconstruction,
some conclusions could be formulated
taking into account all available pieces
of evidence.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 ISSUANCE/RELEASE OF
PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

• A written request addressed to the Director,Crime Laboratory is

required from the investigating units having jurisdiction over the
case prior to the release/issuance of photographic evidence.

• Upon receipt of the approved request, photographs and other

photgraphic evidence should be released within minimum
period of one day.

• Likewise, requests for court presentation should be attended

without delay.

• Photographer subpoenaed by court should personally print the

negatives as soon as possible and prepare the materials, photo
log and crime scene sketch for court presentation.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
 MUG-SHOT
PHOTOGRAPHY

Terrorism Investigation Course

 MUG SHOT PHOTOGRAPHY

MUG SHOT PHOTOGRAPHY a

photography applied in police
work, particularly in documenting
individual physical characteristics
for purposes of recognizing
individual's identity and peculiarity.

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 TAKING MUG SHOTS
• For taking of mug shots of suspect,
photograph the subject in front of the height
scale without footwear to determine his/her
exact height.

• Let the subject hold the case verifier.

• Mug shots should be done in six different

angles with the case number displayed at
each shot. Terrorism Investigation Course Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
 MUG-SHOT ANGLES

• Front View - Whole Body

• Front View - Half Body
• Right Side View
• Left Side View
• Quarter Right View
• Quarter Left View

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
THE HEIGHT SCALE

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course
 PROCEDURES ON MUG SHOT
PHOTOGRAPHY

WHOLE BODY BARE FOOTED HALF BODY FRONT

Terrorism Investigation Course VIEW
RIGHT SIDE VIEW LEFT SIDE VIEW
Terrorism Investigation Course
QUARTER RIGHT Terrorism Investigation Course
QUARTER LEFT
The Police Rouges Gallery and the
Composite Criminal Illustration

• Rouges Gallery - police record of

photographs of wanted criminals, convicted
persons, escapees, suspects and other
criminal law violators.

• Composite Criminal Illustration - the

compilation of facial features.
Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography
Terrorism Investigation Course
End of Presentation

Lesson #15 – Crime Scene Photography

Terrorism Investigation Course