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Sequential Logic Circuits Guide

1. Sequential logic circuits have memory and use state variables to store information about past inputs in order to determine future outputs. 2. The basic building block of memory is a bistable element like an SR latch or flip-flop that has two stable states. 3. Latches and flip-flops are controlled by input signals like S, R, D, and clocks to determine the next state, while registers are made of multiple flip-flops that share a common clock.

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Ben Gwen
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210 views12 pages

Sequential Logic Circuits Guide

1. Sequential logic circuits have memory and use state variables to store information about past inputs in order to determine future outputs. 2. The basic building block of memory is a bistable element like an SR latch or flip-flop that has two stable states. 3. Latches and flip-flops are controlled by input signals like S, R, D, and clocks to determine the next state, while registers are made of multiple flip-flops that share a common clock.

Uploaded by

Ben Gwen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 11

Sequential Logic Circuits


Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

Learning Outcomes
1. Discuss the importance of sequential logic circuits.
2. Examine the behavior of the building blocks of sequential circuits
3. Determine the future output of a latch or a flip-flop, given its input signals.
4. Differentiate synchronous from asynchronous sequential circuits.
Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

Sequential Circuits
• Has memory
• State variables – a set of bits containing all the information about the past that is
needed to explain the future behavior of a circuit
Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

The Building Block of Memory


• Bistable element – element with two stable states; building block of memory must
be bistable
• Two cross-coupled inverters have two stable states (bistable)
• A bistable element stores one bit
• Latches and flip-flops provide inputs to control the value of the state variable.
Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

SR Latch
• A simple sequential circuit
• Composed of two cross-coupled NOR gates
• S-set; R-reset inputs allow for the state of the latch to be controlled

Bistable states of SR latch Truth table of SR latch Graphical symbol of SR latch


Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

D Latch
• A refinement of the SR latch
• The data input controls what the next state should be; the clock controls when the
state should change
• When CLK = 1, the latch is transparent; when CLK = 0, the latch is opaque.

(a) D latch schematic, (b) D-latch truth table, (c) D-latch symbol
Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

D Flip-Flop
• Built from two back-to-back D latches
controlled by complementary clocks.
D flip-flop schematic
• Master-Slave relationship
• When CLK = 0, the master is transparent,
the slave is opaque; when CLK = 1, the
master is opaque, the slave is transparent.

D flip-flop symbols
Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

Registers
• A bank of flip-flops sharing a common CLK
input.
• 𝑁-bit registers require 𝑁 flip-flops
• Key building block of most sequential
circuits

A 4-bit register: (a) schematic, (b) symbol


Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

Enabled Flip-Flop
• D flip-flop with an Enable input
• Provides better control: data does not have to be loaded onto the flip-flop at every
clock edge.

Enabled flip-flop: (a, b) schematics, (c) symbol


Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

Resettable Flip-Flop
• D flip-flop with Reset input
• Used to reset all flip-flops in a system to a known state (say, 0).
• May be synchronously resettable (resets itself on the rising edge of CLK); may be
asynchronous (resets itself when RESET = TRUE)

Synchronously resettable flip-flop: (a0 schematic, (b, c) symbols


Week 11: Sequential Logic Circuits

Synchronous Logic Design


• Every circuit element is either a register or a combinational circuit
• At least one circuit element is a register.
• All registers receive the same clock signal.
• Every cyclic path contains at least one register

Flip-flop current state and next state


Thank You!

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