Seneca College - School of Information Technology Administration and Security
OPS245 – Open Systems Server – Summer 2022
Lab Logbook
Name: Darshit Parimal Patel
E-mail: [email protected]
Section: OPS245NFF
Due dates below are subject to confirmation by your professor:
Description Due Date Date Completed Checked By
Lab 1 May 24, 2022 May 23, 2022 Chris Johnson
Lab 2 June 5, 2022 Chris Johnson
Lab 3 June 19,2022 June 19,2022 Chris Johnson
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Course information:
Course homepage: https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/OPS245
Professor name: Chris Johnson
Professor email:
[email protected]Portable HDD/SSD Serial Number:
___________________________________________________________________
In addition to being your record of completing labs and assignments, this book is the only
form of notes you will be allowed to bring to the OPS245 quizzes, tests, and final exam.
You may only bring pages for labs and assignments you have completed to quizzes/tests,
and you may hand-write or type your notes. Use your own words for your notes.
You may not add additional pages or change the structure of this document in any way.
There are 22 pages. Print double-sided.
Do not disclose the notes in your lab logbook to other students.
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Lab 2 – Notes Name: Darshit Parimal Patel
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VM- Like an image that acts like physical machines. Major Screens in installing centos7-
1. Date and Time 2. Software Selection(Gnome Desktop) 3.Network and Hostname
4.Installation Destination Key Combinations- alt+ctrl+enter(between Full Screen Mode and)
alt+ctrl(returns to your host computer system). VMware Tools- Collection of utilities to help
improve the performance and efficiency of VM’s OS. Features-Faster Graphics, Sharing
folders between host and VM. Copying and pasting text between host and among VMs. Clock
synchronization among host and VM. Steps for setting SELinux to permissive mode- edit
the file using sudo /etc/selinux/config, set SELinux to permissive and save and the restart.
Check SELInux status- sestatus or getenforce. Software Update- sudo yum update.
Uname -rv – gives kernel version hostname-gives hostname rpm -q – displays package
installed on the system(options -a (all) -l(files) ). Ip address show- displays current address
ip route show-displays routing table nslookup- get default domain name server. Sudo-
gains temporary access of root user. Ps -ef – display a list of all currently running processes.
NIC MAC address- ipconfig, nslookup, ip address, iptables. Wget- command to download
on-line file. Command to install python- sudo yum install python3
Investigation 1:- (Part 1) Format SSD to use exFAT not NTFS. Create new VM and select
custom(advanced) and click next and select I will install OS later. On next screen select
LINUX as Guest OS and select CentOS 7 64-bit. Enter c7host for VM name and note the
location. Select 1 CPU and 4 Cores . Change memory to 8gb and then click next and use all
the default settings and the accept Create New Virtual Disk . Change disk size to 238gb and
then accept the default disk name and click next. On the right hand window click Edit virtual
Machine Settings. In setup dialog box, click options and click advanced option at the bottom
of the list. On the right hand side , under firmware type, select the radio button for UEFI. Then
click on the hard hardware tab , and then select the CD/DVD device and select the right side
select the radio button for the use ISO image file. Then specify the downloaded centOS7 full
install DVD. Click processor and click the check box to enable the Virtual Intel VT-X/EPT or
AMD-V/RVI. (PART 2- Install centos)- Select-Install centos7. Select language and then the
install summary will appear. DATE & TIME to Toronto. SOFTWARE SELECTION to Gnome
Desktop. NETWORK & HOSTNAME – select default ethernet connection and change setting
to ON and on bottom left cornet type hostname c7host. INSTALL DESTINATION- I will
configure partitioning. Add a new mount point select /boot/efi and type 2954 and standard
partition. Add /boot size 500 and default setting and file system as xfs. Another mount point /
30720 size and change file system type from xfs to ext4 and device type is set to LVM.
Repeat same for /home and size 40GiB. Add /var/lib/libvirt/images size 100GiB file system ext
4 and device type LVM. Add swap partition for 16GiB. Accept changes and begin installation.
(Part 3 completing the installation):-During installation create root password and regular
user account. Click user creation and enter full name, username and an appropriate
password. After reboot click on license not accepted and click finish configuration.
Investigation 2:- (Part 1) Disbale locked screen saver by following steps:- click on power
button at the top right hand corner and click settings icon click the power icon located in the
settings dialog box. Change amount of time in Power Saving section to NEVER or longer
period of time. (Part 2) Accessing administrative privileges. Issue the command whoami.
Now issue sudo whoami and the first time you will receive a warning. A installation file
called /var/log/anaconda/packaging.log is created. Issue more
/var/log/anaconda/packaging.log and the permission will be denied. Issue command sudo
more .var/log/anaconda/packaging.log and this time you will be allowed to view the contents
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Lab 2 – Notes Name: Darshit Parimal Patel
of file. You can make use of this file to determine how many packages have been installed by
this command:- sudo grep -I packaging /var/log/anaconda/packaging.log | wc -l. Part 3-
Turning of SELinux(Security Enhanced Linux) – Using elevated privileges edit the file sudo
vim /etc/selinux/config.Set SELinux to permissive and save. Restart VM and check status by
sestatus or getenforce. Part 4-Perform software updates- Use sudo yum update.
Difference between sudo -I and sudo- Sudo -I switched you to root user account and
requires the root account’s password. Sudo runs a single command with root privileges, it
doesn’t switch to the root user or require a separate root user password.
Benefits of using VM- Lower hardware cost.
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YUM is used for centOS install. Anaconda file is created by centOS installation program.
Install the yum-security plugin to limit nos. of software updates. Uses of VMs:-Network
Simulation-Connecting several VMs together to test network or a product. Penetration
testing:-Internet security testing for checking a computer can’t be hacked easily. Used for
development and testing of software.VM inside VMs called nested VM. Install kvm steps:-
Configure c7host to support nested nested VMs. Run updates on c7host. Install KVM
virtualization software. Remove firewalld and replace it with iptables. Reboot.
Virsh-perform various actions on logical domain. Sudo virsh shutdown vm(name of vm) for
shutting down vm. Rpm-allows to install pakages in centOS. Kickstart to install on large nos.
of computers. Steps for back up :- shut down all the centOS. Open new terminal in c7host
and us sudo /var/lib/libvirt/images/ . use sudo -i and enter password. Use cd
/var/lib/libvirt/images/ . make compressed backup of centos1.qcow2 , centos2.qcow2,
centos3.qcow2 one at a time.
qzip < centos1.qcow2 > ~dpatel412/backups/centos1.qcow2.gz ,
gzip < centos2.qcow2 > ~dpatel412 /backups/centos2.qcow2.gz
gzip < centos3.qcow2 > ~dpatel412 /backups/centos3.qcow2.gz. copy the backup files to
your windows host and the move it to USB drive or allow access to USB in c7host and then
copy paste it. Sudo virsh dumpxml centos3 > centos3.xml ti copy XML configuration. To
restore backup use gunzip command with elevated privileges decompress the qcow2 image
into /var/lib/libvirt/images directory. Use sudo virsh define centos4.xml command. To remove
vm entry use virsh undefined VM_name without .xml extension. Install Using kickstart:- copy
network url during installation. And then use the memory and storage given in instructions and
check customize configuration before install and then copy host configuration and apply and
begin installation. Click virt machine menu and shutdown-> force off and righ click on vm
name in virt-manager and select delet if your see bottom pane is dead and then repeat all the
steps.centos1:-Gnome desktop. Centos2:-command line interface only . centos3:-command
line interface only. configure vm for nested vms:- use elevated privileges to edit
/boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg. search for first occurrence of linux kernel boot command. Insert
boot option kvm-intel nested=1 and for amd kvm-amd nested=1. Save changes and reboot
issue cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested and Y should output.
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Lab 3 – Notes Name: _____________________
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Single user mode doesn’t provide networking, graphics, and logging into regular users but it
does let you log in as a root on the command line.Purpose—if you can’t login graphically to
c7host due to forgetting your password or c7host won’t boot up into graphical mode then
single user mode is used. An archive is a file that contains many other files in it. To extract
any file within an archive, it has to be extracted. A compressed file is created using a utility
that encodes the data in a regular file using clever math and algorithm to shrink the size. No
data is lost it requires extra processing to uncompress the file for normal use. To create
archive of files:- tar cvf /tmp/archive.tar /path/to/directory/you/are/archiving
-c –creates a new archive containing the following items . -v – produce verbose output. -f –
Write the archive to the specific destination. To restore archive tar xvf /tmp/archive.tar. -x –
Extract to the disk from archive. To compress file using gzip – gzip /path/to/file. To create
compressed file without overwriting the original-
gzip < /path/to/original > /path/to/destination.gz . To uncompress :- gunzip
/path/to/compressedfile.gz. gunzip < /path/to/compressedfile/gz >
/path/to/uncompressed/destination.The tar archive utility includes the ability to compress
the archive using (gzip) as command line option (using z option). Archive and compress:- tar
cvzf /tmp/archive.tar.gz /path/to/files. Unarchive and decompress:- tar xvzf /tmp/archive.tar.gz.
Use of tar is to download, unpack,and compile souce code in order to install a program.
Compiling source code was a traditional method of installing the program in UNIX/Linux.
Typical steps for installing software from source code:-
Download compressed source code from the internet. Decompress zipped source code.
Change pwd to the new directory with the source code. Compile source code:- ./configure &&
make .Resolving dependency issue. -Install dependent programs and libraries beforehand.
Install standard software development package berforehand yum groupinstall “Development
Tools” . Copy the compiled programs into system directories- make install(as root). Uses of
yum – yum install packagce-name yum groupinstall “Development Tools”
yum remove package-name yum info package-name yum localinstall /path/to/local/rpm-
file yum provides command. Yum command includes ways to manage repositories:-
yum repolist - Displays the repositories your system has access to.
Yum install epel-release- A common additional repository.. Yum clean all-remove temporary
files from package installs and refreshes the repo indexes. Steps to boot into single user
mode:- Launch VM. Open Virt machine and start c7host. Launch c7machine and login as
regular user. Boot centos1 when grub menu appears press letter e for edit and scroll to next
screen to linux/linux16/linux/efi command and typesingle as argument after quient and press
ctrl-x to boot. The system boot in text based mode enter root password. Use password to
reset regular user password or press ctrlc if u want to abort. Reboot.
To add the epel repository issue cmd sudo yum istall epel-release.
Souce code is text based list of commands and codes which are compiled an executed by the
user in computer.
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Assignment 1 – Notes Name: _____________________
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Assignment 2 – Notes Name: _____________________
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Assignment 2 – Notes Name: _____________________
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