REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON

__________ __________
MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
__________ __________

CAMEROON HIGHER NATIONAL

DIPLOMA TRAINING PROGRAM

Volume 6

TERTIARY SECTOR
(continuation and end)

September 2018
TERTIARY SECTOR

VOLUME 6
 H.E. PAUL BIYA
President of the Republic of Cameroon,

”We need to radically transform the image of higher education in Cameroon”

(10th February 2008)
 H.E. PHILEMON YANG
Prime Minister, Head of Government,

”In Higher Education, the Government is striving not only to increase

and diversify training offers for the Cameroonian youth,
but also to ensure quality, social relevance and professionalization
of teachings. Furthermore, it is providing better working
and living conditions to the members of the university community”

(26th November 2013)

 Prof. JACQUES FAME NDONGO
Minister of Higher Education,
Chancellor of Academic Orders
”We must translate into reality the new vision of the University
prescribed by the Head of State through far-reaching changes
that seek, amongst other things, the improvement of the quality
of university services in the areas of teaching and research,
to make our universities more attractive and competitive
at the national, sub-regional and international levels”
(Excerpt of the New Year Wishes Speech
at the University of Yaounde I, January 2010)
 FOREWORD

Since November 2015, the Ministry of Higher Education has undertaken a vast and
ambitious operation to review training programmes in the Brevet de Technicien Supérieur
(BTS) and Higher National Diploma (HND) cycles. This initiative was incumbent on us as a
categorical imperative since it became obvious that the programmes that were so far
implemented had become obsolete because of the exponential evolution of the labour market.
If we recall that the programmes in question dated, most of them, as far back as 2001
and that they were developped as institutions and fields of study were set up, one easily
understands why their review had become a must. Moreover, the advent of the BMD
introduced innovations in our training and certification process that needed to be taken into
account, especially as many BTS and HND holders now aspire to register in professional
Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees.
In order to reconcile this professional requirement with the legitimate need of students
to pursue their academic programmes, we requested the support of three main stakeholders :
representatives of the business world, teachers-experts from our universities and professional
schools, proprietors/proprietresses of Private Institutions of Higher Education.
These three major stakeholders had the opportunity to brainstorm during the two (02)
seminars we organized, the first took place on 28th November 2015 and the second on 16th
march 2018, at the National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaounde I. The programmes
that we are now putting at the disposal of the national university community is the fruit of
their deliberations.
We can thus note that, thanks to this brainstorming, new fields of study emerged,
others have been redesigned, while others have disappeared altogether, either because the
labour market was already saturated, or because they had become inoperative. Trainings
identified have been organized according to sectors of activity known to date : primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Within these sectors, they have been divided into training
areas, fields of study and specialties. We therefore have 7 major training areas, 21 fields of
study and 130 specialties. These training areas have been grouped in a programme-document
in 7 volumes, distributed as follows :
Volume 1 : Trainings of the Primary Sector (461 pages) ;
Volume 2 : Trainings of the Secondary Sector (356 pages) ;
Volume 3 : Trainings of the Secondary Sector (Continued) (514 pages) ;
Volume 4 : Trainings of the Tertiary Sector (627 pages) ;
Volume 5 : Trainings of the Tertiary Sector (Continued) (784 pages) ;
Volume 6 : Trainings of the Tertiary Sector (Continued) (572 pages) ;
Volume 7 : Trainings of the Quaternary Sector (246 pages).
The seven volumes put together make a total of three thousand five hundred and sixty
(3560) pages, preceded by a statutory instrument to determine the system of studies and
examinations of the Brevet de Technicien Supérieur.

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 All this arsenal is proof, if any were needed, that our educational and certification
system is resolutely embarked on the quest for its effectiveness and social relevance. It is
attentive to all innovations and adapts to the developments of our society.
Through this approach, we hope to meet the expectations of our partners and provide
the nation with skills that it needs to achieve her emergence by 2035.

Pr. Jacques FAME NDONGO

Minister of Higher Education,

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 SUMMARY

FOREWORD .............................................................................................. 2

DOMAIN : HEALTH

Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

NURSING.................................................................................................. 6

MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES ........................................................... 52

MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY ........................................................... 91

PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY ...................................................................... 138

DENTAL THERAPY .................................................................................. 186

DENTAL PROSTHESIS ............................................................................ 217

MIDWIFERY ........................................................................................... 248

OPTICIAN / CLINICAL OPTOMETRY ........................................................ 298

PHYSIOTHERAPY ................................................................................... 317

OPHTALMIC TECHNICIAN ....................................................................... 346

PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS ............................................................. 387

ULTRASONOGRAPHY .............................................................................. 432

NUTRITION AND DIETETICS .................................................................. 479

HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT ................................................................. 511

HEALTH SANITARY INSPECTOR .............................................................. 530

Page 4 of 572
DOMAIN
HEALTH

Page 5 of 572
Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty:
NURSING

Page 6 of 572
 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Nursing

1. The objective of the training

This training aims to put on the market in the employment of professionals able to
analyze a situation of health, to make decisions within the limits oftheir competence
and to conduct interventions alone or in a multidisciplinary team.

2. Required Skills
 Generic Skills
- Be responsible, reflexive and relational ;
- Have adequate gestures and capacities;
- Develop adequate interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to be able to
interact effectively with their patients, entourage and the health team
- Should be trustworthy and reliable;
- Have the capacity for critical thinking, analysis and questioning;
- Develop ethical values of a normal professional;
- Make thoughtful and informed decisions;
- Be able to act with autonomy and responsibility in his area ofcompetence.
- Master the computer tool and ICT

 Specific skills
- Evaluate a clinical situation and establish a diagnosis in the Nursing field;
- Design and lead a project of Nursing;
- Accompany a person in the performance of daily health care ;
- Implement the actions towards diagnostic and therapeutic purposes;
- Initiate and implement the educational, preventive, curative and
rehabilitative care;
- Communicate and conduct a relationship in a context of care;
- Analyze the quality of care and improve his professional practice;
- Be able to work with health information systems and related team;
- Organize and coordinate interventions among health caregivers;
- Be able to share knowledge and the skills with other health professionals.

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3. Career opportunities

- Public Service;
- Privatehospitals and clinics;
- NGO (Non-GovernmentalOrganizations);
- Self-employment;
- The agri-food sector.

Page 8 of 572
 4. Organization of teachings
Semester 1

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: NURSING

Course Number of hours Number
Course titles
Code L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy - Physiology I - Cell Biology -
NUS111 60 24 0 6 90 6
Histology - General Chemistry
Microbiology I: Bacteriology -
NUS112 30 12 0 3 45 3
Parasitology - Biochemistry
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Sociology - anthropology and
NUS113 50 20 0 5 75 5
medical psychology
The basis of the Science nurse I:
NUS114 Concepts and Theories in Nursing 44 10 0 6 60 4
Sciences
History of the Nursing profession (life
NUS115 36 5 0 4 45 3
cycle)
Clinical Internship I (Medicine –
NUS116 - - - - - 6
General Surgery)
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
NUS117 Functional French and English 30 6 0 9 45 3
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

Semester 2

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: NURSING

Course Number of hours Number
Course titles
Code L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
NUS121 Anatomy and Physiology II 50 20 0 5 75 5
Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology -
NUS122 40 16 0 4 60 4
Immunology)
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
The foundations of science Nurse II -
approach of Nursing care -
NUS123 50 20 0 5 75 5
Organization of Care targeted
transmissions - First Aid
Nursing care in medicine 1 - Ethics
NUS124 40 13 0 7 60 4
and Professional Ethics

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 Public health: Epidemiology -
NUS125 Demography - Environmental Health 30 10 0 5 45 3
and Health Promotion
NUS126 Medicine Course in paediatric I and II 0 0 70 20 90 6
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC3 credits 45 hours
Information and Communication
NUS127 30 10 0 5 45 3
Techniques - ICT
Total 240 89 70 51 450 30

Clinical internship
One month durind the academic year (240 hours =6CV, 1CV=40hours)
One month during holidays (240 hours =6CV, 1CV=40hours): Maternal and childcare

Semester 3

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: NURSING

Course Number of hours Number
Course titles
Code L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Applied Mathematics - Biostatistics -
NUS231 50 20 0 5 75 5
General biophysical and technology
NUS232 General pharmacology 40 16 0 4 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Nursing care in surgery and blood
NUS233 transfusion - Nursing in Pediatrics and 40 10 0 10 60 4
Child Care
Reproductive health: health mother -
child - Obstetrical care - care to
NUS234 40 16 0 4 60 4
women suffering from obstetric
pathologies gynecological
Medical pathologies - infectious
NUS235 diseases and zoonoses, pediatric 40 10 0 10 60 4
pathologies childhood
ClinicalInternship III( obstecrical care :
NUS236 - - 90 - 90 6
pre and post natal)
Transversals Courses10% (1course) 3 credits 45 hours
NUS237 Medical French and English 30 10 0 5 45 3
Total 240 82 90 38 450 30

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 Semester 4

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: NURSING

Course Number of hours Number
Course titles
Code L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Communication for behavior
NUS241 change(CBC) - Community Health - 30 20 0 10 60 4
Health and Development
Techniques of medical analysis laboratory
NUS242 25 20 20 10 75 5
- medical imaging techniques

Professional courses 70% (4 UC) 18 appropriation 270 Hours

Obstetrical pathologies
NUS243 40 15 0 5 60 4
gynecological
Emergencies - operative Block -
NUS244 25 15 5 45 3
Anesthesiology
Clinical Pharmacology - Nutrition and
NUS245 pathologies associated - Alternative 50 20 0 5 75 5
Medicine
NUS246 Clinical Internship (Surgical ward and lab) - - 90 - 90 6
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Civic education, Ethics and
NUS247 30 10 0 5 45 3
Initiation to research
Total 200 85 125 40 450 30

Semester 5

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: NURSING

Course Number of hours Number
Course titles
Code L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Medical pathologies - priority health
NUS351 40 15 0 5 60 4
programs in Cameroon - CCC III
The economics of health - Hospital
NUS352 management - system of health 50 20 0 5 75 5
information
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Mental Health - Nursing in psychiatry -
Nursing in geriatrics - Clinical
NUS353 35 20 0 5 60 4
Pharmacology 2 - Therapeutic
monitoring
NUS354 Nursing care in resuscitation - care to 20 5 0 5 30 2

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 persons with disabilities forces
NUS355 Internship of Community Health II 0 0 70 20 90 6
Clinical Internship (Intensive care –
NUS356 0 0 70 20 90 6
Neuro-geriartry)
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Medical Law - Health at Work - School
NUS357 30 10 0 5 45 3
Medicine
Total 175 70 140 65 450 30

Semester 6

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: NURSING

Course Number of hours Number
Course titles
Code L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Technical care of specific 1
NUS361 (neurology, ophthalmology, 30 0 40 5 75 5
Stomatology, Dermatology - ENT)
Techniques of specific care 2 -
NUS362 (Urology - Respiratory - Gastro- 20 0 35 5 60 4
enterology- cardiology)
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Implementation professional situation
NUS363 40 16 0 4 60 4
1 (MSP 1)
Implementation professional situation
NUS364 30 10 0 5 45 3
2 (MSP 2)
Implementation professional situation
NUS365 0 0 70 20 90 6
3 (MSP 3)
Drafting of the research project (work
NUS366 50 0 20 5 75 5
of End of Studies)
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
NUS367 Professional Ethics and Deontology 30 10 0 5 45 3
Total 200 36 165 49 450 30

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5. Courses content

NUS111: Anatomy-Physiology I/Cell Biology-Histology/General

Chemistry
 Cell Biology - Histology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Cell Biology and Histology

 The cell:
- Structure;
- Multiplication;
- Physiology;

 The tissue:
- Epithelial tissue;
- Connective tissue;
- Nervous tissue;

 Concept of genetics.

 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Nervous System
Histology of the central and peripheral nervous system;
 Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system: nervous influx,
transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse, driving plate),
arc reflex;
 Organization of the central nervous system and functional localization:
spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain, meninges and CSF;
 System Device nervous, cranial nerves, plexus;
 Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System

Endocrine pancreas;
 Thyroid: anatomy - Histology - physiology;
 Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
 Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology.
 System hypothalamo-pituitary;
 The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning

 The eye : the view;

 The ear: hearing and balance;
 Smell: Taste;
 Touch.

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 4. System Musculoskeletal
Ceos;
 The osteites;
 The osteomyelitis.
5. Digestive System

 General topography;
 The peritoneum;
 Main categories of foods :
- Energy needs;
- Animal heat.
6. Urinary system

 Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the

ureters, the urethra and bladder;
 Excretory Role of the skin.

 General Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Mixture and pure body
2. The major processes of immediate analysis
3. Simple body-to-body composed
4. Constitution of the material:atoms, molecules and ions
5. Chemical notation, symbol, Valencia, formula
6. The fundamental laws of Combinations: chemical equation, acids, bases,
salts, concept of PH, equivalent, nomenclature, redox, degree of
oxidation, catalysis.

NUS112: Microbiology I - Bacteriology - parasitology – Biochemistry

 Microbiology - Bacteriology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction to the Bacteriology

Place in the living world and ecological role of micro-organisms


(saprophytes, commensalism, symbiosis and pathogens).
2. General Bacteriology

 Structure of the bacterial cell, nutrition and growth, metabolism

(anaerobic, aerobic conditions, fermentation), reproduction and
genetics (genetic transfer, mutation), pathogenicity (notions of
virulence, toxin).
 BacterialEcology
 Role of the field, reference mechanism of the host against the
infection (Immunosuppression, opportunistic bacteria, nosocomial
infections).

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 3. Presentation of the bacterialsystematic
4. Study of the main species or bacterial groups pathogenic for man or likely
to be

 Staphylococci, Streptococci, pneumococci, gonococcus, (history,

habitat and epidemiology, fill pathogen, Bacteriological characters,
diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis).
5. Bacteriological techniques

 Basic Techniques (microscopic examinations, insulation and

identification), different types of levy in Clinical Bacteriology (technical
and transport), methods of sterilization and preparation of media of
cultures.
6. Procedures for the sending of samples and of bacterial strains
7. Techniques of conventional identifications (1st part).

 Parasitology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Systematic study of human parasites, few definitions and concepts prior,

mode of parasitism
2. Location of parasites
3. Epidemiology and evolutionary cycle
4. Parasitic disease: clinical description, pathology, defense of the body;
5. Prophylaxis (general and individual)
 Biochemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Generality : enzyme, vitamin, a hormone

2. Basic concept of clinical biochemistry General: definition of a metering
and exploration
3. Learning of normal and abnormal physiology of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins
4. Physiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical
interest: techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal
values of biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological
variations (1st part).

NUS113: Sociology -Anthropology and Medical Psychology

 Sociology - Anthropology and Psychology : 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Sociology – Anthropology

 Introduction to the Sociology ;

 Concept of anthropology and ethnology;

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  Evolution of life and of man in its dimensions biological, psychological
and social assistance;
 Culture and cultural PWnomena,
 The innate, the acquis, myths and beliefs;
 Cultural attitudes to health, disease, death;
 Medical practices of yesterday, today alternatives and traditional
medicine;
 Notions of group; social groups (family, working group, institution);
 Dynamics of small groups;
 Dynamics of Conflict (leaders);
 Communication and communication networks.
2. Psychology

 Introduction to Psychology
- The major stages of life;
- Emotional development, intellectual, psychomotor and
psychosocial of the individual;
- First Age, second age, age pre-school, school, adolescence,
adulthood, aging;
 The Body: Body schema and body image
 The Personality
- Dynamic aspect of the personality;
- The unconscious;
- Pulsion, refoulement;
- Motivation.

 Mechanism of defense and of adaptation

- Affective states : feeling - emotion - fear - anger - Distrust - a
concern - Lines and behavior - the different modes of
relationship;
- Social: educative - cooperative - of authority - of dependency -
of acceptance - of mothering;
- The relationship between careers - Treated: specificities.

NUS114: Basis of Science nurse I: Concepts and Theories in Nursing

Sciences

 Concepts and Theories in Nursing Sciences: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Clarification of concepts

- The health;
- The disease;
- Life;
- The death;

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 - The Continuum Health;
- Disease;
- The signs and symptoms;
- The need;
- The fundamentalneed;
- The concepts, the paradigm;
- The theories; - the models;
- The conceptualmodels.
2. The Theories in Nursing Sciences

 The approach of Suzanne Kerouac

- The School of needs;

- The school of the interaction;
- The School of desired effects; - the School of the promotion of
health;
- The School of the human being unitary.
 The thought of the autthors nursing

- Florence Nightingale;
- Hildegard PEPLAN;
- Martha Rogers;
- Gerthud UJHELY;
- Imogène King;
- Nancy Roper;
- Dorothy E. Orem;
- Myra Levine;
- Callista Roy;
- AffefMelles;
- Virginia Henderson;
- Dorothy E. Johnson;
- Marjory Gordon;
- MC Gill;
- Betty Neuman;
- PENDER;
- IDA Orlando;
- Joyce Travelbee;
- PARSE;
- Leninger;
- Laring Watson.
2. The Nursing care
- Toward a concept of Nursing;
- The categories and the components of care nurses.

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 3. The conceptual models in nursing

- Definition;
- Interest of conceptualmodels;
- Criteria for the choice of a conceptual model.
4. Study of the conceptual model of Virginia Henderson

- The components of the model:

 the basic needs;
 dependency, the independence;
 Source of the difficulty.
- Table of analyzes of Virginia Henderson:
- Collection of data following the model of the Virginia
Henderson.
5. Study of the conceptual model of Marjory Gordon

- Notions of 11 vital functions of the man;

- Mode of data collection according to the approach of Marjory
Gordon.

NUS115: History of the Nursing Profession (Life Cycle)

 History of the nursing profession : 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Health Among the primmitive peoples

- Before JC;
- In the middle Ages;
- Of the XV to the VIII th century;
- Since Florence Nightingale.
2. Currentorganization of Nursing
3. Role of the Nurse
4. History of the Nursing profession in Cameroon
5. The National Council of the order of professionals medico-sanitary
6. Overview On the other health professions
7. Presentation of the status of the body of the public health in
Cameroon.
 Life Cycle: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction to the growth and development

2. Prenatal stages, neonatal, childhood, adolescence and senescence
3. HumanGenetics
4. Inheritance and Counselling
5. The reproductive system of male and female infertility, male and
female, mammary glands and lactation.

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 NUS116: Clinical Internship I (medicine – General Surgery)

 Clinical internship I (Medicine – General Surgery): 6 credits (900 hours); P, SPW

1. Internship of nursing care in the service of medicine - Home - external
care
2. Internship of nursing care in surgery in the services of Surgery, Home -
external care
3. Internship of Nursing care in the paediatric services.

NUS117: Functional French and English

Objective: Upon completion of the course, the students should efficiently

communicate with his/her colleagues and the patient in English and in French.
Grammar, Conjugation, curriculum Vitae, Letter writing, reading Comprehension,
Listening comprehension.Tenses. Also, besides grammar, a special emphasis should be
placed on common vocabulary in the medical work.
Content:
- History and socio-cultural background of English in Cameroon
- Brief introduction to the structure of English
- Phoneme
- MorPWme
- Word
- Phrase
- Sentence
- Discourse
- Basic grammatic functionist
- Subject
- Object
- Grammatic categories: gender, personal number, count and non count
nouns
- Spelling and punctuation
- Word formation
- Collocations
- Prepositions
- Some confusable works
- Synonyms, autonyms
- Figure of speech
- Idiomatic expressions
- Reported speech
- Difference between British and American English (pronunciation, grammar
and vocabulary)
- Sound of English: in isolation and in connected speech
- Sentence stress and intonation

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 - Types of discourse: expository, descriptive, narrative
- Note taking ( in lectures, in meetings)
- Turn taking conversational English
- Basic techniques of reading
- Basic techniques of writing
- Formal and informal letters
- Application for a job
- Administrative letters
- Invitations
- Writing CV
- Writing minutes of meetings
- General characteristics of the language in accordance with the area of
specialization
- Technical writing
- Writing technical report
- Writing projects
- Writing technical instructions
- Summarizing documents
- Techniques in public speaking
- Techniques of negotiation
 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

Objective :
Ce cours de ―French‖ a pour but de former des locateurs compétents pour pouvoir
faire face à des situations courantes de communication en maîtrisant les différents
paramètres de l‘échange tels que le lieu, le temps, les interlocuteurs, les statuts de
locateurs, les affectivités etc. Il vise également à amener les apprenants à être
capable de comprendre et de produire à l‘oral comme à l‘écrit, des énoncés en
langue française sur des sujets variés touchant leur domaine de prédilection, dont la
médicine.
Indicative Content:
1. Vocabulaire
 Introduction générale: apprendre ou ne pas apprendre le français?
Pourquoi? Avantages et ouverture.
- Saluer; se présenter quelqu‘un
- Demander une information; demander quelque chose, les sons [ i ],
[ j ], [ y ], [ w ]; Demander une information, Proposer / accepter ou
refuser une proposition; Demander une information; [ m ], [n ], [ ] ,
Donner son opinion
- Exprimer ses préférences; les sons [ p ], [ b ]
- Préciser son identité; les sons [ i ], [ y ]
- S‘excuser et se justifier; le son [ r ], [ ], Dire l‘heure
- Parler de soi; les sons [ u ], [ i ], [ y ]; les sons [ ], [ a ]

Page 20 of 572
H

 Caractériser les lieux (ce qu‘on voit)

 Caractériser des personnes (ce que l‘on voit) Identifier et caractériser
des personnes
 Savoir téléphoner; communiquer, les sons [ e ], [ ε ], [ ə ], [ ø ]
 Exprimer ses besoins et ses goûts, ses préférences et les justifier les sons
[9 ], [ k ], [ ∫ ], [ З
 La négation; donner des ordres; répondre à des ordres.
 L‘interrogation; proposer, accepter / refuser une idée les sons [ ѕ ], [ z ],
[ t ], [ d ],
 Medical French (medical terminologies in French).
2. Grammaire

 Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés – présent,

passé composé ; imparfait, futur, conditionnel, et plus-que-parfait,
l‘impératif, l‘infinitif, voix passive ;
 De l‘adjectif : Qualificatif, possessifs, démonstratifs, interrogatifs,
numéraux, indéfinis ;
 Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ;
dénombrable, et non-dénombrable ;
 Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif,
indéfini ;
 De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment, où,
quand et pourquoi ;
 Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication
 Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion technique ;
 Communication orale courante ;
 Communication orale interactive
 De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative,
déclarative, exclamative et impérative ;
 Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
 synthèse d‘un long texte
 De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de rapport,
d‘une correspondance –d‘une lettre recommandation ou de
motivation, d‘une, demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande d‘explication,
d‘une réponse à une demande d‘explication, d‘un CV ;
 Gestion d‘une table ronde/discussion : La prise de notes, la prise de
parole
 Expressions figées

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NUS121: Anatomy and Physiology II

 Cardiovascular System: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The Heart
- Anatomy: configuring external and internal structure, histology of
the heart muscle;
- Physiology: automatism, revolution, noises of the heart, the
electrocardiogram.

2. The vessels

- Anatomy: arteries, veins: their structure, Anatomy of the large

and the small circulation;
- Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation and
capillary.
3. The blood
- The plasma and dissolved substances, figurative elements,
hematopoiesis, haemolysis; - Coagulation; - blood group.

4. The reticulo-endothelialsystem
- Rate, lymphatic, thymus.

 Respiratory system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Anatomy

- Upper airway (anatomy endoscopy and non-surgical), nasal

cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea;
- Bronchus, lungs, pleura, anatomy and histology.

2. Physiology of breathing
- Mechanisms for regulating nervous;
- Chemicalphenomena.

 Digestive system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. General topography; the peritoneum

2. The main categories of food

 Energy Needs;
 Animal heat.

 Genito-urinary system (woman-man): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the

ureters, the urethra and bladder
2. ExcretoryRole of the skin

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 3. Description anatomy and physiology of the genitalia of the Man and
the woman
NUS122: Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology - Immunology)

 Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology - Immunology): 4 appropriations (60

hours);L, T, SPW
1. Characterization and classification of viruses and fungi
2. Infection, pathogenicity, virulence, exotoxicines and endotoxicines
3. Immune system: components, mode of action in the face of the
antigen, active immunity, passive immunity, allergy.

NUS123: The Foundations of Science Nurse II - approach of Nursing care -

Organization of Care targeted transmissions- First Aid

 Approach of care: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Analysis and interpretation of results
2. The concept of nursing diagnosis
3. Nursing intervention
4. File of nursing care

 Planning care : 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The nurse throughout its activities, organizes and plans its actions in the
permanent concern of the rules of hygiene and asepsis, of the
economy and of the management of the stocks, the maintenance of
the equipment and of the professional ethics;
2. Development of the plan of care (following the approach);
3. Preparation: application, monitoring of medical prescriptions;
4. Nurse prescription according to its responsibilities;
5. Basic care ;
6. Implementation of written therapeutic, dated, signed;
7. Participation in the functional explorations;
8. Emergency care, medical care, pre and postoperative care;
9. Application of the rules of hygieno dietary-;
10. Monitoring of medical prescriptions and side effects;
11. Relationship with the patient and his entourage, psychological support,
IEC aid to the social support;
12. Execution of the administrative steps;
13. Oral transmissions and written of the actions undertaken in the folder of
the Nursing;
14. Evaluations and readjustment of the actions undertaken.

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  First aid: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The principles of first aid, injury, first aid in case of: accidents various
(fractures, sprains, hemorrhages, burns, suffocation, poisoning, bite of
beasts …)
2. Artificial Respiration
3. Cardiac massage
4. Transfer of injured.

NUS124 : Nursing care in medicine I - Ethics and Professional Ethics

 Care in Medicine: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Preparation of the patient's room

2. Rehabilitation of the bed, mode of installation of the patient
3. Hygiene, Comfort
4. Security and prevention of eschar
5. Organization of the truck
6. Technique of sampling, distribution of drugs
7. The protocols of the usual care (enemas, instillations, friction, massages
and usual bandages, held of the sheet of temperature and
transmission documents of care.

 Ethics and Professional Deontology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Theoretical Bases of the ethics and the deontology
2. Philosophical Foundations of medical ethics and care
3. Values, beliefs, cultures, religions, standards, deviances
4. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia,
confidentiality
5. The professionalsecrecy
6. Ethics in the daily practice of care (case study from professional
experience)
7. Right to the man
8. The right of the Child (child abuse)
9. The right of elderly persons, the Sick
10. Accompaniments of dying (palliative care)
11. The ethics of medical research and care, case study
12. Code of deontology of personal medico-sanitary.

NUS125: Public Health: Epidemiology - Demography - Environmental Health

and Health Promotion

 Epidemiology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Importance of the epidemiology, preventive care

2. Indices of community health in relation with the epidemiology

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 3. Analyticalmethods of demography
4. Program of investigation in Health
5. Epidemiological study of acute diseases and chronic conditions
6. Methodology and Statistics in the field of research
7. Analysis of the data
8. Introduction on the insects (brachycères, nematogeres, marangonins,
arachnids malacology)
 Demography: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition
2. Purpose
3. The concepts of demography
4. The characteristics of the population
5. Concept of Gender, ratio, increased age pyramid
6. Stratification of the population
7. Interpretation.

 Environmental Health: 1.5 credits (22.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Hygiene and Sanitation in the middle
 Personal hygiene
- Physical (clothing, cleanliness, sport);
- Mental (sleep, noise, addiction).
 Food Hygiene
- Food (balance, conservation);
- Drinking water (domestic treatment of drinking water);
- Addiction (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).
 Hygiene of the Environment
- Habitat (overcrowding, facilities, wastewater, waste);
- Collective facilities.
2. Hospital Hygiene

- Definition;
- Importance;
- Purpose;
- Individual measures;
- Collective measures Institutional and;
- The nosocomial infection:
 Definition;
 Contributing factors;
 Plan to Combat (organization of the fight);
 Hygiene of the patient (toilet, bed linen, etc.);
 Hygiene of the staff (held, hands);

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  Hygiene of care and of the equipment of care (asepsis, antisepsis,
decontamination, disinfection, methods and sterilization
procedures physical and chemical);
 Specific hygiene in the surgical blocks;
 Remediation of the hospital environment (water, waste, facilities);
 Regulation of the movement of patients and staff in the hospital
environment.
3. The promotion of health
- Health Promotion;
- Definition;
- Different aspects;
- Persons likely to participate;
- The techniques of communications.

NUS126: Medicine Course in paediatric II

 Medicine Course in paediatric II: 6 credit (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Assess the needs of the Sick
2. Formulate the Nursing Diagnosis
3. Develop the plan of care
4. Make a dailyassessment
5. Administer the drugs in the time
6. Fill and ensure the follow-up of the medical file
7. Implementation of the protocols of care
8. Participation in continuous training

NUS127: Information and Communication Techniques – ICT

 Techniques of Information and Communication 1
1. Concepts and architecture of computers
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint
 Technique of information and communication 2

1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name

to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet

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 3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires
12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

NUS231: Applied Mathematics -Biostatistics- General Biophysical and

Technology

 Applied Mathematics: 2crédist (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Descriptive statistics
-Variables;
- Organization of data;
- Description of data (tables and graphs);
- Statistical Measures (Position parameters - dispersal parameters);
- Representation of a distribution;
- Act of distribution (binomial act - act of fish - normal law).
2. Estimate
- Survey selection bias, raffle: the chance, random surveys, polls;
empirical
- Estimate of a parameter, estimate of an average unknown, an
estimate of the percentage unknown, risk of error, size of a
sample.

 Biostatistics : 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. 3e Part: statistical tests: Biostatistics (inferential)

- The principles of the tests; (Comparison test unto link test);

- Comparison tests (Z-test or test of the gap reduces, Test of T
Student- Test F of Fisher -Snedecor- chi-square test X² - Fisher
exact Test not parametric or test of row);
- Link test;
- X² test of independence - X² Test of trend - correlation test –
Regression

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 - Practical use of statistical tests

 Biophysics and technology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Atomic Structure
2. The types of radiation
3. Wave Optical
4. Geometricaloptics
5. Physiological Optical

NUS232 : General Pharmacology

 General Pharmacology: 4 credit (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definition, Origins of drugs
2. Studies of medicinalforms
3. The medical prescription: Writing and reading of a medical
prescription
4. Measuringequipment and dosage
5. Routes of administration of drugs
6. Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
7. Regulation and modalities of distribution of drugs
8. Classification of medicines, a concept of toxicity
9. Prescription and dispenNUSg of the drug to the hospital
10. Conservation and Monitoring
11. Drug intoxication

NUS233: Nursing care in surgery and blood transfusion - Nursing in

Pediatrics and Child Care

 Care in surgery: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definesurgery
2. Home and reception of the Sick
3. Installation of the sick

 Comfort Care
 Rehabilitation of the bed;
 Positions of the sick.
4. Prevention of pressure sores
5. The identification of equipment of surgery
6. Identification of antiseptic and disinfectant
7. The bandages and the different types of Bands
8. Maintenance of equipment of surgery
 Having served to a septic intervention;
 Having served to an intervention aseptic.
10. Washing of hands

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 11. The types of dressing

 Septic;
 Sterile.
12. Protocol of the steps of a bandage.
13. The sutures of wounds and lesions

 The different sutures.

14. The incisions
15. The plasters
 Blood transfusion: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The blood, hemostasis: the blood groups, the Cellular products and
products derived from blood
2. The modes of collection of blood, conservation of blood products
3. Transfusion technique: Check transfusion pre, install products, blood
transfusion safety, legislation relating to transfusion
4. The responsibility of the nurse vis-a-vis the blood transfusion
 Care in Pediatrics: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. General Care

- The nurse adapts its general knowledge to the specificities of the

child to its status, its environment. It organizes a climate of security
Parent - child unto caregiver.
2. Care in neonatology
- Support for the premature in an incubator and the new-born;
pathological
- Hygiene of reinforced care;
- Fight against the nosocomial infections;
- Monitoring and maintenance of the brooder;
- Prevention of complications, settings clinical signs;
- IEC with parents.
 Child care: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definitions
2. Issues of the national health strategy
3. Infant Development: Traction, awakening
4. Hygiene of the infant
5. Infant feeding (breast-feeding, weaning, diversified supply)
6. Vaccinations
7. Care Conceptualpre, prenatal, intra-partum, juvenile care and
adolescents

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 8. The standards of family planning services: contraception, national
strategy for the fight against AIDS/IST and opportunistic infections
fertility, infertility
9. IEC and education for family life

 Obstetrical care and gynecologic: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Prenatal Care
 Prenatal Consultation
- Monitoring of pregnancy;
- Search of edema, anemia, albumin, sugar;
- Psychologicalpreparation for childbirth;
- Preparation of the keychain of the mother and of the new-born;
- Care in case of vomming, threat of abortion, hemorrhage.

NUS234: Health of reproduction: maternal and child health - Obstetrical

care - care to women suffering from obstetric pathologies
gynaecological

 Family Planning (FP): 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Integration of the PF in the SSP

2. Nutritional surveillance of the mother and of the Child
3. Policy of breastfeeding
4. The standards of services of maternal and child health (MCH)
 Intrapartum Care: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Home and installation of the Nursing mother
2. Preparation of equipment
3. Monitoring the work (partogramme)
4. Normal delivrance
 Post-partum care to: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Care of the mother: vulva, perineum, breasts

2. Monitoring of the parameters and the risk of postpartum
 Care of new-born: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Immediate care: liberation of the respiratory tract, eyes, umbilical

cord, toilet
2. Search for obvious malformations

 Breast-feeding: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Within the new-born

2. Lactogenesis

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 3. Maintenance of the lactation
4. Benefits and contraindications to breastfeeding
 Artificial feeding: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Disadvantages of breastmilk substitutes

2. Food diagram, withdrawal, ablactation
3. At the time of taking care of a Nursing mother, the nurse directs its
actions on the IEC around the food hygiene, the rest of the mother
and the home to the new-born
 Gynecological Care: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Care are specific to gynecological pathologies, it is:

- The care pre and post-operative of the gynecological surgery Breast

and;
- Of the IEC, which will be oriented on the sexual education and on the
risks of infertilities, after the gynecological infections neglected?
NUS235: Medical Pathologies - Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses Pediatric
Pathologies Childhood

 Infectious diseases and parasitic diseases: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Infectious pathologies

• Respiratory System

- Tonsillitis;
- Tonsillitis;
- Diphtheria;
- Bronchitis;
- Whoopingcough;
- Pneumonia;
- Broncho-pneumonia;
- Pulmonarytuberculosis.
• Cardiovascular System
-The pericardites;
- The endocardites.
• Digestive System
Typhoidfever ;
-
- Bacillarydysentery;
- Cholera.
• Genitourinary System,

- IST / AIDS;
- The syphilis,

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 - The canker - Soft (chancrelle)
- The gonorrhea;
- Cystitis;
- The chlamydial infections.
• MusculoskeletaLealth

- RAA;
- The ostéites;
- The osteomyelitis.
• Otherinfectiousdiseases

- The tetanus;
- Rabies;
- The leprosy;
- The cerebrospinalmeningitis;
- The recurrentfevers;
- Brucellosis;
- The typhus exanthematic.
• The Viral Diseases

- The parotitis ourlienne;

- Influenza;
- The AIDS;
- Rubella;
- The varicella;
- The viral hepatitis;
- Yellow Fever.
2. ParasiticDiseases

- Malaria;
- The trypanosomiases;
- The amoebicdysentery;
- The trichomoniasisuro-genital;
- The Intestinal parasitoses:
 Ascaridiase;
 Pinworms;
 Trichuriasis;
 Anguillulose;
 Hookworm infections;
 Taeniases;
 Distomatoses;
- Other parasitoses:
o Filariases;

 The loase;

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  The dracunculiasis;
 Onchocerciasis;
 Filariasis to W. Bancroft;
o The schistosomiases;
o The intestinal flagelloses and uro-genital;
o Hydatique cyst;
o Toxoplasmosis;
o Leishmaniasis;
o The Gale.
 Infectious pathology localized: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, PW
- The wounds simple;
- Infectedwounds;
- The abscess (hot, cold, …);
- The Furuncle and Carbuncle;
- The paronychia;
- The myositis, and pyomyosites;
- The ulcer phagédénique;
- The phlegmon sheaths;
- The gas gangrene;
- The lymphangitis.
 Surgical pathologies: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, PW

- Fractures, dislocation, sprains, burns;

- The appendicitis, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, the anus
artificial, hernias, gastroduodenal ulcer punched, tumors, the
ectopic pregnancy.

 Pathologies by system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, PW

1. Neurological pathologies

- Neurological pathologies and pharmacology;

- Comas, hemiplegia‘s, paraplegia‘s, epilepsy, SEP, abuses of the
peripheral nerves (facial, sciatica), paralysis, brain tumor, cranial
trauma.
2. Digestive pathologies
- Colic hepatic impairment;
- Abscesses and fistulas.
3. Cardiovascular pathologies

- The main diseases of the pericardium, the endocardium,

myocardium, the pulmonary arteries;
- Infectious Diseases: genetic, degenerative diseases.
4. Urinary pathologies

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 - Nephrolithiasis;
- Urinary tract infection;
- Renalimpairment;
- Disorders of the Prostate;
- Renal tumors and visceral;
- Nephretiques colic.
5. Respiratory pathologies

- Main conditions of the pleura, pins, of the parenchyma, chest

trauma.
6. Endocrine pathologies

- Of the pituitary gland;

- Thyroid;
- Parathyroids;
- The adrenals, pancreas;
- The ovariestesticles;
- Diabetesmellitus, diabetesinsipidus;
- Hypo and hyperthyroidism;
- Endemic goitre;
- Cushing‘s disease;
- Addison‘s disease.

NUS236 Clinical Internship3 (Obstetrical : Pre and Post Natal)

 Clinical internship III: 6 credit (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Internship of nursing care at the obstetrical services: Pre and Post natal

NUS237: Medical French and English

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language and thus
enhance patient relationship as needed.
Content:
1. Grammar
2. Different parts of the human body
3. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
4. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
5. Drafting of reports
6. Documentation research
7. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
8. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
9. Drafting of researchtopics
10. Dissertation on the professional articles

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 11. Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
12. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
13. Hospitals
14. The Hardware
15. The staff
16. The Role
17. The pathologies
18. The drugs
19. The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
20. The dispensing of drugs

NUS241: Communication for Behavior Change (CBC) - Community Health -

Health and Development

 Communication for behavior change II: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Determination of the health problems of a community

2. Prioritization criterion

 Problems;
 Behaviors,
 Of the Forces.
3. Community balance
4. Development of a plan of action in community health
5. The techniques of communication

 The meeting;
 The group discussion;
 The brainstorming;
 The conference-debate;
 The maintenance;
 The counselling.

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  Community health: 2 credit (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The man, its physical environment

2. Evaluation of the actions of the improvement of the quality of the
Environment
3. Environmental factors affecting the health
 noise, gas; pollution, waste, air, water.
4. Analysis of the health situation of the community
5. Health of the Environment
6. waste management;
7. Controls of vectors;
8. water supply;
9. Hygiene of the power supply;
10. Relations environmental factors and rural exodus.
 Health and Development: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Concept of Public Health

2. History and Evolution
3. Reorientation of primary health care (central level, intermediate,
device, community participation, co-management, cost recovery,
essential drugs, minimum package of activities)
4. The principles of care in public health
5. Organization of health services in Cameroon.

NUS242: Techniques of Medical Analysis Laboratory - Medical Imaging

Techniques

 Laboratory Techniques: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Microbiological reminders
2. The microorganisms:
o Bacteria;
o Parasites;
o Virus;
o Fungi.
3. Appropriate tests for the implementation Evidence of microorganisms
4. The biological constants and their interpretation
5. The communication of the results of a laboratory exam.
 Medical Imaging: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Basic notions on the Radiation
2. Current Reviews and preparation of patients for a diagnostic radiology
3. Transit ulcer, barium enema, urography unto cholecystography,
arteriography, scannography
4. For adiagnosis by ultrasound

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 5. For a diagnosis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
6. For a diagnosis by radioactive iodine
7. Radiation protection for personnel and patients.

NUS243 : Pathologies Obstetric and Gynecological

 Obstetrical pathologies: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW

1.The obstetrics in its reports with the pathology medical-surgical
2. VoImming gravidiques and pregnancy
3. General classification of syndromes vasculorénaux-toxaemia of
pregnancy outside of the paroxysmal accidents
4. Eclampsia, haematomas retro-placental-apoplexy uteroplacental
5. Urinary Tract Infections
6. HearTHisease and pregnancy;
7. Anemia and hematologicalmalignancies
8. General infections and pregnancy: General Report Between General
infections and pregnancy, means of preventive treatment (vaccinations)
and curative treatment
 Gynecological pathologies: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The obstetrics in its reports with the Gynecologic Pathology: uterine

retroversion and pregnancy
2. Fibroid tumors of the uterus and pregnancy
3. Cysts of the ovary and pregnancy
4. Malformation utero-vaginal and pregnancy
5. Scaruterus and pregnancy
6. Cancer of the cervix and pregnancy
7. Infections of the genital tract and Pregnancy: genital track Bass,
endométrites, salpingites, Tuberculosis

NUS244: Emergencies - Operating Block – Anesthesiology

 Nursing care to emergencies: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Application of the general principles of nursing care to clients who need

the care medico-surgical specialties
2. The organization of the taking in charge of emergencies
 Nursing care to the block operator: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. The description of the operating block
2. The trim of the Surgeon
3. The washing of hands
4. The storage of equipment
5. Travel in the block; Neurosurgery
6. Evacuation of haematomaunder duraux
7. Extraduraux

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 8. Intra duraux, bypass CRL, cure of herniated disc
9. Bone transplantation
10. RDI
 Nursing care in anesthesia: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definitions
2. The various types of anesthesia :

 General anesthesias, by inhalation, by venous track;

 Local anesthesia, locorégionales;
 Spinal anesthesia;
 The various phases of anesthesia;
 Complications.
3. Pre care and postoperative

NUS 245: Clinical Pharmacology - Nutrition and pathologies assiocated -

Alternative medicine

 Clinical Pharmacology: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Drugs of infectious diseases

 The antibiotics;
 The sulfonamides;
 The antiseptics;
 The anti-TB drugs;
 The antivirals;
 The Pest Control;
 The antifungals.
2. The drugs in the pain and inflammation:
 Analgesics;
 The anti inflammatory drugs;
 Corticosteroids.
 Human Nutrition and pathologies associated: 2 credit (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Nutrition
 Science of nutrition;
 Classification of food;
 Digestion relationship / absorption;
 Quality of foodpremises;
 Selection and formulation of balanced feeds;
 Use of Food tables;
 Daily needs for nutrients and calories; - food and life cycle,
 Dietetics and supply in pathology;
 Case Study;
 Nutritionaldiseases.

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 2. Nutritional pathologies
 Avitaminosis;
 The Drip and hyperlipidaemias;
 Obesity;
 Kwashiorkor;
 Slump.

NUS246: Clinical InternshipIV (Surgical Ward and Lab)

 Clinical internship IV: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Internship of nursing care in surgical ward
2. Internship in the laboratory of medical analyzes
3. Internship of nursing in operating block

NUS247 Civic education, Ethics and Initiation to Research

 Ethics and Civic education: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T

The Concepts
• The citizen;
• The Nation;
• The State;
• Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
• The freedoms;
• The public service;

• Ethics;
• Ethics, Law and reason;
• Ethical Problem ;
• Ethics and management.
• Civics
• Deontology
• Moral consciousness
• The universal declaration of Human Rights
• Good governance in public services
• The importance of civics to the life of the nation
• Functions of the state and its citizens
• Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
• Relationship between morality, law and ethics
• Codes of ethics
 Initiation to research: 1 credits (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Research in nursing
2. Sources of knowledge
3. Methods of reasoning

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 4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports
9. Case practice: drafting of protocols of research

 Construction of a Research proposal: Background:

Literature review, formulating the problem statements, justification of studies,

objectives, framing the questions according to general and specific objectives; is
developing a testable hypothesis to achieve the objectives for quantitative research
selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable
project administration; Plans for dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring instruments
(reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality control of
measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements; the issue of
missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of hypothesis.
Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

NUS351: Medical Pathologies - Priority Health Programs to the Cameroon -

CBC III

 The health programs in Cameroon : 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Malaria
2. Tuberculosis;
3. River blindness; etc.
4. Vaccination and ENP
 CBC III (Communication for behavior change (III): 2 credits (30 hours); L,T, SPW

1. The educational program in health

- Definition ;
- The components;
- Elaboration.
2. Monitoring and motoring an educational program
- Definition;
- Principle;
3. The supervision of an educational program in health

- Definition;
▪ Supervision and motoring;
▪ Why the supervision?
▪ The steps of the Supervision;

Page 40 of 572
 ▪Supervision styles:
o Autocratic supervision;
o Anarchic Supervision,
o Democratic supervision;
▪ The benefits of the supervision.
4. The evaluation of a health program
- Definition;
- Type of Assessment;
- The components (criteria) of the evaluation process;

o The objectives;
o The impact indicators;
o The indicators of health coverage;
o Community participation indicators;
- Why assess;
- How to assess;
- Predictive Value and Program of struggle of a disease.

NUS352: The Economics of Health - Hospital Management System -Health

Information

 The economics of health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Basic concepts in health economics:
• The offer;
• The request;
• The financing of the health.
2. Concept of the market in health
• The supply of care;
• Request of care;
• Financing of care.
3. The funding to health
• Social protection;
• Pooling of the financing of the Health;
4. Financing of Health in Cameroon
• Community funding (CNPS, mutual health and system put in
place by the state for public servants);
• Non-Community funding (budget of the ministries concerned,
public health and other…);
• Bilateral and multilateral cooperation (NGOS, other donors …).
5. The Health Planning
6. Health system and theirassessment
• Effectiveness;
• Efficiency;

Page 41 of 572
 Cost;
•
• Effectiveness/efficiency;
• Cost / efficiency.
 Hospital management: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. HealthOrganization in Cameroon
-Mission of Health training on the national territory: health center,
district hospitals, hospitals, central and regional, general hospitals,
CHU, private hospitals and clinics laity and confessional, liberal
medicine;
- Hospital reform, interŔrelation with national organizations that
contribute to the health and the fight against poverty (other
government departments, donors, international organizations,
NGOS, associations).
2. Organization of health training, public and private

- Legislation which applies to health training;

- Economic and Financial Management;
- Workforce management, staff and the continuous training;
- Management of care and drugs.
 Health Information System: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definition
2. Goals
3. Statisticalelements
o Unit - Population, Sample ;
o Sources of statistical data;
o The statistical calculation.

4. The process of health information

o Collection of data;
o Media routing;
o Treatment (counting, grouping, presentation);
o Analysis and interpretation;
o Retro-information and decision-making.

NUS353: Mental Health - Nursing in psychiatry - Nursing in geriatrics -

Clinical Pharmacology 2 -Therapeutic Monitoring
 Mental health and Nursing care in psychiatry: 1 credit (15 hours); L,T, SPW

1. Worries and recklessness

2. Models of abnormalbehavior
3. Influence of the growth and development
4. Sociocultural practices and interpretation of mental health
5. Care of Persons of extinct mental pathologies

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 6. National Classification international and mental disorders
7. Specificbehaviors
8. Behavioral management
9. Role of the nurse
10. Legal coverage and preventive aspects of mental health

 Geriatrics and care for the elderly: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Psycho-social dimension of the geriatric patient
2. Geriatrics
- The types of aging;
- Aging of devices;
- The immune system;
- Nutritional problems of older persons;
- National Health Strategy in the field of policy of the elderly.
 Clinical Pharmacology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Classification of psychotropicdrugs
2. Neuroleptics
o Definition;
o Classification;
o Pharmacological effects;
o Side effects.
3. Tranquilizers
4. The antidepressants
5. Mechanism of action and IEC
o Chemotherapy;
o Antiinflammatory;
o Opioid Analgesics;
o Corticosteroids.
 Therapeutic monitoring: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The anti infectives

2. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory
3. Pest control the
4. AntituberculosisDrugs
5. The antifungal agents
6. The diuretics
7. The digitalis glycosides
8. The anticoagulants
9. The Antihypertensive agents
10. Anticancer
11. Psychotropic substances
12. Principles of surveillance
o Therapeutic effect (Effectiveness of Treatment):

Page 43 of 572
  Clinic;
 Biology;
 Paraclinical.
O Side effects:
 The route of administration;
 Intrinsic to medicine;
13. Advice to patients during treatment.

NUS354: Nursing care in resuscitation - Care to persons with disabilities

forces
 Resuscitation: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Pathophysiology of fluid and electrolyte balance

2. Acido-basic
3. Nutritionalstatus
4. Pathophysiology of collapse, the shock, burns, poisoning chemical and
drugs, coma; specialized nursing care
5. Implementation of quick action and conservatories
6. Preparation for and participation in the medical acts (intubation, trachea,
cardiac massage, central catheter, stomach washing, the restoration of
the blood volume)
 Care of Persons with Disabilities Special: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The deficiencies psycho-mental, behavioral and cognitive or (DPIC/C)

- Definitions;
- Aetiologies;
- Examples;
- Supported;
- Device to help.

2. Motor deficiencies
- Definitions;
- Aetiologies;
- Examples;
- Supported,
- Device to help.

3. Sensory Disabilities
- Definitions;
- Aetiologies;
- Examples;
- Supported;
- Device to help.

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 4. Visceral deficiencies
- Definitions;
- Aetiologies;
- Examples;
- Supported;
- Device to help.

5. Deficiencies of presentation
- Definitions;
- Aetiologies;
- Examples;
- Supported;
- Device to help.

6. Psychiatric disabilities
- Definitions;
- Aetiologies;
- Examples;
- Supported;
- Device to help;
- Antisme.

NUS355: Internship in Community Health II

 Internship Community Health II: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Integrate the community
2. Make a study of the mid
3. Do the Community balance
4. Highlight the priorityproblems
5. Prioritize the behaviors
6. Develop a program of activity
7. Run this program of activities
8. The assess

NUS356: Clinical Internship V (Intensive Care – Neuro-geriartry)

 Internship of clinical health V: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

 Internship in nursing:
- In Intensive Care;
- Neuro-geriartry;

NUS357: Medical Law - Health at Work - School Medicine

 Elements of labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The sources of laborl aw

2. The work contract

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 3. Collective labor relations

 The elements of health at work: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. General information
2. Ergonomics of the work station
3. Prevention of work accidents
4. Hygiene of workers and of premises,
5. Medical surveillance of workers unto vaccination
6. IEC on the use of protective equipment (rear window, gloves, helmets,
etc.)
7. Fight against alcoholism in the workplace.
 Elements of school medicine: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definition and purpose

2. Medical examinations and school medicine the physical and
psychological
3. The schooling of deficient, the disabled, children in difficulty
4. Control and Prevention of risks in the school environment
5. The schoolenvironment
o Standards for the construction and installation;
o Ergonomics of premises, the sanitary facilities;
o Hygiene of the premises, food hygiene canteens;
o The Infirmary in school environment;
o The IEC in the school environment.

NUS361: Techniques for Specific Care 1 (neurology, ophthalmology,

Stomatology, Dermatology - ENT)

 Techniques of specific care 1: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Nursing care in neurology

- Prevention of pressure sores;

- Participation in the laboratory examinations and functional
Explorations (lumbar puncture, electroencephalogram);
- Monitoring of specificparameters.
2. Nursing care in ophthalmology

- Cataract;
- Glaucoma;
- Strabismus;
- Wound of the cornea;
- Myopia;
- Astigmatism ;
- Presbyopia.

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 3. Nursing care in stomatology

- Decay;
- Abscesses;
- Pyorrhée;
- Gingivitis;
- Infection of the oral cavity;
- Neoplasia;
- Mouthulcers.
4. Nursing care in ENT

- The tonsils;
- Vegetation;
- Cancer;
- Tracheotomy;
- Otitis and surgery of the inner ear;
- Surgery of the larynx.

NUS362: Techniques of specific care 2 (Urology - Respiratory - Gastro-

enterology- cardiology)

 Techniques of specific care 2: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Nursing care for Urology disorders

- Bladderwashing;
- Bladdersurvey;
- Bladder instillation, monitoring of patients on dialysis.
2. Nursing care of disorders pneumologiques

- Aerosoltherapy;
- The humidifying;
- Postural drainage;
- Oxygen therapy,
- Pleural puncture,
- Pleural washing;
- Participation in reviews of functional exploration (saturation,
spirometer….).
3. Nursing care for gastro-enterologic

- Gestures of emergency ;
- Participation in reviews of functional assessments (ultrasound,
scintigraphy, electrocardiogram, explorers puncture).
4. Nursing care for cardiacdisorders

- Home;
- Gestures of emergencies;
- Fightagainst pain;

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 - The anguish ;
- Participation in the laboratory examinations and functional
Explorations (ultrasound, scintigraphy, electrocardiogram, punctures
explorers.);
- Application of specific treatments and their monitoring (pulse,
blood pressure, integuments, diuresis, weight, edemas….);
- IEC on the rules of hygiene of life (physical activity, sport), and
Dietetics (tobacco, alcohol, fats) in the prevention
of cardiovascular diseases.

NUS363 : Implementation in the Professional situation 1 (IPS 1)

 Implementation in the Professional Situation 1: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T,

SPW
1. Presentation of an approach to care or public health which will include
2. Elaboration of a project of care: capabilities expected during this first start in the
professional situation (IPS1)
• Collect the data according to the guide provided to the student or used
in the service
- Identify the person;
- Talk to her or his entourage ;
- Consult the service documents;
- Refer to the referring caregiver.
• Analyze the data

- Classifying the data according to a model;

- To establish links between the different elements.
3. Deduct the medical problems, nurses, psychosocial, of the patient

NUS364: Implementation in the professional situation 2 (IPS 2)

 Implementation in the professional situation 2: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Determination of objectives and / or the goals to achieve
2. Specify the actions to implement
3. Specify the means and / or the criteria to assess the achievement of
objectives
4. Readjust in case of non achievement of objectives, after having identified
the causes.

NUS365: Implementation in the professional situation 3 (IPS 3)

 Implementation in the professional situation 3: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Presentation of an approach to care or public health which will include

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 2. Elaboration of a project of care: capabilities expected during this first start in
the professional situation (MSP1)
• Collect the data according to the guide provided to the student or used
in the service
- Identify the person:
- Talk to her or his entourage;
- Consult the service documents ;
- Refer to the referring caregiver.
• Analyze the data
- Classifying the data according to a model;
- To establish links between the different elements;
- Deduct the medical problems, nurses, psychosocial of patient;
 Argue the projects of itselfdoes:
o Check the validity of the content that the student presents;
o Understand the choices made by the student in regard to the
regulation and / or the context;
o Identify the capacity of the student to mobilize its knowledge
and to establish links;
o Explain, through cause-effect relationships for example, the
links between problems and signs, problems and treatment;
drugs and side effects;
o Justify the choice of actions in the light of the problem and of
the possibilities of the structure;
o Evaluate the results obtained to wear of the criteria NUSce the
beginning of the taken in care;
 Organize the Care:
o Manage a group of sick and transImm the information relating
to their taking into care;
o Plan ;
 Achieve the Care:
o Have the ability to establish a relationship with the people
treated;
o Have the ability to inform and educate;
o Have the capacity to provide care techniques.

NUS366: Drafting of the Research Project (work of End of Studies)

 Drafting of the research project: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, PW

(It depends on the theme of work of the learner; it must be drafted in accordance
with the plan below)
1. Summary

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 2. Introduction: 2 pages maximum. The introduction, it is spring loaded to
the problematic
 One poses the question of research;
 It sets the Assumptions;
 On fixes the general objective;
 It sets out the specific objectives and sets out the plan.
3. Chapter I, II: The literature review (Review of the literature)
4. Chapter II, III: The methodology
5. Chapter III, IV: Presentation of the results and discussion

 Conclusion and Recommendations

NUS367: Professional Ethics and Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.
Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.

Health care Ethics

1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics
3. MLS Ethics
4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights
of The Elderly, Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards

Patient Rights:
10. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
11. Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
12. Code of ethics.
 HealthEmployee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law

Page 50 of 572
Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

Page 51 of 572
Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty:
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES

Page 52 of 572
 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Medical Laboratory Sciences

1. Objective of the training

This training aims to produce executives able to detect by laboratory tests, the various
pathologies that can affect the human body.

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills

- Receive or collect and check the biological sample and record the date,
time of collection, patient details, etc ;
- Prepare the analyzers, the reagents and the biological sample
(fractionation, distribution according to the type of analysis);
- Process the sample by centrifugation, dilution, heating, and monitor the
progress of the analysis and record the data;
- Compare the results of the analysis with previous results, minimum values,
maximum values and establish the report;
- Monitor the inventory status of consumables, establish replenishment orders
and arrange the equipment according to their validity date and storage
conditions;
- Check the operation of the analyzers, update the maintenance register
and inform in case of malfunction;
- Disinfect, decontaminate, tidy the workstation and equipment;
- Proceed with the evacuation and disposal of waste.
- Master the computer tool and ICT.

 Specific skills

- Perform biological analyzes on blood samples, secretions, tissues, urine,

stools, etc
- Conduct biological analyzes in anatomo-cytopathology, bacteriology,
Biochemistry, Parasitology, hematology, immunology / serology, virology;
- Check the feasibility of a biological sample and inform the patient about its
progress;
- Take a blood sample, monitor the patient's reactions and intervene as
needed
- Manage the stock of labile blood products in an establishment and supply
the units of care;
- Conduct training actions within an organization.

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3. Opportunities

- Public function;
- Hospitals and private clinics;
- NGO (Non Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- Agribusiness ;
- Occupational Medicine ;
- Research and training.

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty : Medical Laboratory Sciences
Code Hourly Volume Number
Courses titles Of
L T P SPW Total
Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Cell Biology and histology - Anatomy
MLS111 70 12 0 8 90 6
Physiology 1 -General Chemistry
MLS112 General Microbiology 1 - General
32 8 0 5 45 3
biochemistry
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Sociology and anthropology, Medical -
MLS113 Medical Psychology - Ethics and Medical 44 10 0 6 60 4
Ethics
MLS114 Life-cycle - Nursing - First Aid 42 8 6 4 60 4
MLS115 Physics- Mathematics - Biostatistics 40 14 0 6 60 4
MLS116 Clinical Internship 1(immersion) 0 0 70 20 90 6
TransversalsCourses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MLS117 Functional English/ Functional French 30 9 0 6 45 3
Total 258 61 76 55 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty : Medical Laboratory Sciences
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
MLS121 Anatomy and Physiology 2 - Organic
60 22 0 8 90 6
Chemistry
MLS122 General Microbiology 2 - General
28 6 6 5 45 3
Parasitology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
MLS123 Techniques in the laboratory 30 2 10 3 45 3
IEC 1- General hygiene and hospitable -
MLS124 62 14 0 14 90 6
Infectious and parasitic diseases
MLS125 General pharmacology - Nutrition -
34 6 0 5 45 3
Epidemiology
MLS126 Clinical Internship 2(immersion) 0 0 70 20 90 6
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MLS127 General Economy - Demography 30 7 0 8 45 3
Total 244 57 86 63 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty : Medical Laboratory Sciences

Hourly Volume Number

Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
IEC 2 - Health and Development -
Community Health / Biosecurity/Quality
MLS231 65 20 0 20 105 7
management (ISO9001) / Environmental
Management Sysem( ISO 1401)
MLS232 Initiation to research 20 4 0 6 30 2
Professional courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Clinical haematology 1 - Medical
MLS233 Entomology - Blood Transfusion/ Quality 40 10 15 10 75 5
Assurance
MLS234 Clinical Biochemistry 1 - Laboratory 30 6 20 4 60 4
MLS235 Clinical Bacteriology 1 - Laboratory 30 2 10 3 45 3
Internship of community health
MLS236 0 0 70 20 90 6
1/Hematology
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours

MLS237 Information and Communication Techniques 30 9 0 6 45 3

Total 215 51 115 69 450 30

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 Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty : Medical Laboratory Sciences
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Clinical Parasitology 1 - Medical Mycology -
MLS241 60 14 8 8 90 6
Immunology/serology
The economics of health - a priority program
MLS242 32 8 0 5 45 3
of health in Cameroon
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Clinical Bacteriology 2 - Clinical Biochemistry
MLS243 30 4 20 6 60 4
2 - Laboratory
MLS244 Clinical haematology 2 -The Laboratory 15 2 10 3 30 2
Clinical Internship
MLS245 0 0 70 20 90 6
3(parasitology/Immunology)
Clinical Internship 4(serology/
MLS246 0 0 70 20 90 6
Anapath/Histology
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
French and English for Medical profession and
MLS247 30 10 0 5 45 3
Law
Total 167 38 178 67 450 30

Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty : Medical Laboratory Sciences
Code Hourly Volume Number
Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total
Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
IEC3 - Health Information System - Health
MLS351 60 12 0 18 90 6
Management
MLS352 Rédactiondemémoire 15 0 0 30 45 3
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Clinical Parasitology 2 - Clinical
MLS353 40 8 45 12 105 7
Haematology 3 - Laboratory
Clinical Bacteriology 3 – Laboratory -
MLS354 25 4 10 6 45 3
Virology
MLS355 Analytical Chemistry - Laboratory 15 4 5 06 30 2

MLS356 Internship of community health 2 0 0 70 20 90 6

Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MLS357 Ethics and Civic education Law 30 9 0 6 45 3
Total 185 37 130 98 450 30

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Semester 6

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty : Medical Laboratory Sciences

Code Hourly Volume Number
Of
Courses Titles L T P SPW Total
Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Microbiology of the environment - Food
MLS361 50 16 0 9 75 5
Microbiology
MLS362 Histopathology –Human Cytology 40 12 0 8 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Clinical Biochemistry 3 - Clinical
MLS363 20 4 30 6 60 4
Parasitology 3 - Laboratory
MLS364 Molecular Biology 20 6 0 4 30 2
MLS365 Clinical Internship 5(Biochemistry) 0 0 70 20 90 6
MLS366 Clinical Internship 6(MycoBacteriology) 0 0 70 20 90 6
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MLS367 Professional Ethics &Deontology 10 0 15 20 45 3
Total 140 38 185 87 450 30

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5. Courses content
MLS111: Cell Biology and Histology - Anatomy Physiology 1 - General
Chemistry

 Cell Biology and histology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The cell
• Structure
• Multiplication;
• Physiology.
2. Thetissue
• Epithelial tissue;
• Connective tissue;
• Nerve tissue.
3. Concept of genetics

 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Nervous System
- Histology of the central and periphral nervous system;
- Physiology of the central and periPWral nervous system: nervous
influx, transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse,
driving plate); CRA reflex;
- Organization of the central nervous system and functional
localization: spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain, meninges
and CSF;
- System Device nePWws, cranial nerves, plexus;
- Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System
- Thyroid: anatomy histology unto unto physiology;
- Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
- Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology;
- System hypothalamo-pituitary;
- The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye: the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- The sense of smell;
- The taste;
- The touch.
4. System Musculoskeletal
- Ceos;

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 - The ostéites;
- The osteomyelitis.
 General Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Constitution of the subject, atoms, molecules and ions

2. Chemical notation, Symbol, Valencia, Formula
3. The major processes of immediate analysis
4. Simple body, body composed and mixing
5. The fundamental laws of Combinations: chemical equation, acids,
bases, salts, concept of PH, equivalent, nomenclature, redox, degree
of oxidation, catalysis

MLS112: General Microbiology I - General biochemistry

 General Microbiology I: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. History of the microbiology and classification of micro-organisms
2. Introduction to the bacteriology: place in the living world and
ecological role of micro-organisms, saprophytic, commensalism,
symbiosis and pathogens
3. General bacteriology: classification, structure of the bacterial cell,
nutrition and growth, metabolism (anaerobic, aerobic conditions,
fermentation), reproduction and genetics (gene transfer, mutation),
pathogenicity, notions of virulence, toxin
4. Bacterial Ecology: the role of the field, host defense mechanism
against infection (immunosuppression, opportunistic bacteria
nosocomial,)
5. Procedures for the sending of samples and of bacterial strains
 General biochemistry: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Generality: enzyme, vitamin, a hormone

2. Basic concept of clinical biochemistry General: definition of a
metering and exploration
3. Learning of normal and abnormal physiology of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins
4. Physiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical
interest: techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal
values of biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological
variations (1st part)

Page 59 of 572
MLS113: Sociology and Medical Anthropology- Medical Psychology - Ethics
and Medical Deontology

 Sociology and medical anthropology: 1 credit (15 hours) ; L, T, SPW

1. Evolution of the man in his environment, the origin of the culture, myth,
belief, religions
2. Cultural PWnomena in link with the dental problems
3. Cultural attitude in the face of the dental health, ethnology and ethno-
pharmacy
4. Medical practices of yesterday, today, medicine alternatives and
traditional medicines in link with the technical medical care and dental
health
5. Chinese medicine, medicinal plants, homeopathies, manual practices,
etc.
 Medical Psychology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Study: behaviors, customs, food habits, environment of the communities

2. Organizations of the company: men in society (definition of the man, the
individual, society), analysis of the life of a people
3. Professional Conduct of an agent of Health (laboratory technician):
professional ethics, professional conscience
4. Approach of the lines in relation to the attitudes of the communities
5. Application of the psychology of groups of health
 Ethics and medical deontology: 2 credits (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Civic training and ethics

- The citizen and the nation;
- The State;
- Public property and collective property;
- The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Problem of ethics;
- Ethics, Law and reasons;
- Management and ethics of responsibility;
- Ethics and management.

2. Ethics and Medical deontology

 Generality
- Ethics and Code of Conduct: Definition, theoretical basis;
- Values, beliefs, culture, religion, Standard and deviances;
- Respect for the life and the death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia;
- Professional secrecy (definition and scope)and confidentiality;
- Ethics in the daily practice of the techniques of medical analyzes
(study cases from professional experiences); - Code of Ethics of the
profession Laboratory Technician in Cameroon.

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  Professional Ethics
- Definition, purpose and importance of ethics for the laboratory
technician;
- Duty of health staff toward the hierarchical authorities, society, the
sick, the collaborators, the profession and itself;
- Right of the man (the child, the elderly and the patient);
- Right of health personnel: protection and compensation;
- Qualities of a good technician of medical analyzes: punctuality,
attendance, effectiveness, obedience and goodness;
- The sanction: legal, moral, happy, unhappy;
- The legal aspects of the profession, the protection of the Analytical
Report, Laboratory Manuals, the management of a laboratory and the
computerized system of the laboratory.

MLS114: Cycle of Life - Nursing - First Aid

 Life Cycle: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction: embryological Terms
2. Initial stages
3. Gamete
1St week of development;
-
- 2th week of development (the embryo didermique);
- 3th week of development (the trilaminar embryo).
4. Embryonic period (the 4th week at the 7th week)
5. Organogenesis and elements of teratology.
 Nursing: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. The injections

Intramuscular injections
-
- Injections intra-venous thromboembolism, Subcutaneous
Intradermal,
- Installation of an infusion
- Preparation of injection equipment
- Accidents and Incidents of injections
- Taken of the different parameters
- IEC
2. The usual dressings and bandage

Dry bandage: advantage and disadvantages technical unto unto


equipment - IEC
 Wet Dressings: advantage and disadvantages technical unto unto
equipment - IEC
3. Sterilization of equipment of care (decontamination, washing, cleaning)
4. Washing and techniques of washing of hands

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 - Practical work (06 hours)

 First aid Practice: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Knowledge of first aid: history, objectives, use of emblems
2. Volunteering : rights and duties of the rescuer, first-aid attendant's role
in the community
3. First relief to victims; general principles, clinical examination summary,
gestures and techniques of first aid
4. First Aid in case of accident various (fractures, sprains, hemorrhages,
burns, suffocation, poisoning, bite of beasts …)
5. Artificial respiration, heart massage and Transfer of injured.

MLS115: Physics - Mathematics – Biostatistics

 Physics: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- Wave Optical: electromagnetic wave, interference, diffraction, networks,
diffusion, and polarization.
- Geometrical optics: reflection, refraction, notion of objects and optical
images. Thin lenses. Dioptres plans and sPWrical.
- Physiological Optical: description of the eye. Accommodation.
Amétropies of the eye (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism). Visual acuity.
- Instrumental Optical: magnifying glass, microscope optical, electronic
microscope, etc.
- Corpuscular Optical: photoelectric effect, level of energy of atoms and
molecules.
- Absorption and emission of light: the act of Beer-Lambert, elementary
notion of spectroscopy.

 Mathematical: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- Analysis - function of a real variable: percentage, rates, proportions, Rule
of 3, equation 1 and 2nddegré, analysis and presentation of the functions,
derived and differential, development in series, a study of usual functions
(logarithm, exponential, power), graphic representation and application. -
Full calculation: method of integration, integration Digital.
- Differential Equation: 1st-order equation (separable variable,
homogeneous, linear); linear equations of the 2nd order, applications.
- Functions in several variables: derived partial and differential, calculation
of error, method of least square.

 Biostatistics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Descriptive statistics

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 - Descriptive statistics to one or two variables: measure of central
tendency and dispersion.
- Graphical representation, diagram of dispersion.
- Correlation coefficient.
- The right of regression.
- Contingency table.
- Probability: elementary notion, functions of density theoretical and
empirical, diagram quantile-quantile plots.
- Example of data in the sciences of life.

2. Estimate
- Survey selection bias, raffle: the chance, random surveys, polls;
empirical
- Estimate of a parameter, estimate of an average unknown, an
estimate of the percentage unknown, risk of error, size of a sample;
3. InferentialStatistics
- Inferential Statistics: simple random sampling.
- Central Liimm Theorem,
- Estimate of the average and the proportion for large samples.
- Experimental protocol simple.
- Tests of hypotheses on an average and on a proportion.
- Test of assumptions on a difference of two averages or of two
proportions for large samples.
- Practical use of statistical tests:
Comparison tests (Z-test or test of the gap reduces, Test of THeStudentŔ F-Test of Fisher
unto Snedecor unto Chi-square test X² - Fisher Exact Test test not parametric or test of
Row)
Link tests (test X² of independence unto X² Test of trend unto correlation test unto
Regression)
- Use of statistical software.

MLS116: Clinical Internship 1(Immersion)

 Clinical Internship 1: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS117 : Functional English/ Functional French

Objective: Upon completion of the course, the students should efficiently

communicate with his/her colleagues and the patient in English and in French.
Grammar, Conjugation, curriculum Vitae, Letter writing, reading Comprehension,
Listening comprehension.Tenses. Also, besides grammar, a special emphasis should be
placed on common vocabulary in the medical work.

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Content:
- History and socio-cultural background of English in Cameroon
- Brief introduction to the structure of English
- Phoneme
- MorPWme
- Word
- Phrase
- Sentence
- Discourse
- Basic grammatic functionist
- Subject
- Object
- Grammatic categories: gender, personal number, count and non count
nouns
- Spelling and punctuation
- Word formation
- Collocations
- Prepositions
- Some confusable works
- Synonyms, autonyms
- Figure of speech
- Idiomatic expressions
- Reported speech
- Difference between British and American English (pronunciation, grammar
and vocabulary)
- Sound of English: in isolation and in connected speech
- Sentence stress and intonation
- Types of discourse: expository, descriptive, narrative
- Note taking ( in lectures, in meetings)
- Turn taking conversational English
- Basic techniques of reading
- Basic techniques of writing
- Formal and informal letters
- Application for a job
- Administrative letters
- Invitations
- Writing CV
- Writing minutes of meetings
- General characteristics of the language in accordance with the area of
specialization
- Technical writing
- Writing technical report
- Writing projects

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 - Writing technical instructions
- Summarizing documents
- Techniques in public speaking
- Techniques of negotiation
 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

Objective :
Ce cours de ―French‖ a pour but de former des locateurs compétents pour pouvoir
faire face à des situations courantes de communication en maîtrisant les différents
paramètres de l‘échange tels que le lieu, le temps, les interlocuteurs, les statuts de
locateurs, les affectivités etc. Il vise également à amener les apprenants à être
capable de comprendre et de produire à l‘oral comme à l‘écrit, des énoncés en
langue française sur des sujets variés touchant leur domaine de prédilection, dont la
médicine.
Indicative Content:
1. Vocabulaire
 Introduction générale: apprendre ou ne pas apprendre le français?
Pourquoi? Avantages et ouverture.
- Saluer; se présenter quelqu‘un
- Demander une information; demander quelque chose, les sons [ i ],
[ j ], [ y ], [ w ]; Demander une information, Proposer / accepter ou
refuser une proposition; Demander une information; [ m ], [n ], [ ] ,
Donner son opinion
- Exprimer ses préférences; les sons [ p ], [ b ]
- Préciser son identité; les sons [ i ], [ y ]
- S‘excuser et se justifier; le son [ r ], [ ], Dire l‘heure
- Parler de soi; les sons [ u ], [ i ], [ y ]; les sons [ ], [ a ]

 Caractériser les lieux (ce qu‘on voit)

 Caractériser des personnes (ce que l‘on voit) Identifier et caractériser
des personnes
 Savoir téléphoner; communiquer, les sons [ e ], [ ε ], [ ə ], [ ø ]
 Exprimer ses besoins et ses goûts, ses préférences et les justifier les sons
[9 ], [ k ], [ ∫ ], [ З
 La négation; donner des ordres; répondre à des ordres.
 L‘interrogation; proposer, accepter / refuser une idée les sons [ ѕ ], [ z ],
[ t ], [ d ],
 Medical French (medical terminologies in French).
2. Grammaire

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  Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés – présent,
passé composé ; imparfait, futur, conditionnel, et plus-que-parfait,
l‘impératif, l‘infinitif, voix passive ;
 De l‘adjectif : Qualificatif, possessifs, démonstratifs, interrogatifs,
numéraux, indéfinis ;
 Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ;
dénombrable, et non-dénombrable ;
 Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif,
indéfini ;
 De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment, où,
quand et pourquoi ;
 Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication

 Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion technique ;

 Communication orale courante ;
 Communication orale interactive
 De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative,
déclarative, exclamative et impérative ;
 Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
 synthèse d‘un long texte
 De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de rapport,
d‘une correspondance –d‘une lettre recommandation ou de
motivation, d‘une, demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande d‘explication,
d‘une réponse à une demande d‘explication, d‘un CV ;
 Gestion d‘une table ronde/discussion : La prise de notes, la prise de
parole
 Expressions figées

MLS121: Anatomy and Physiology 2 - Organic Chemistry

 Anatomy and Physiology 2: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Cardiovascular System
 The Heart
- Anatomy: configuring external and internal structure, histology of
the heart muscle;
- Physiology: automatism, revolution, noises of the heart, the
electrocardiogram.
 The vessels
- Anatomy: arteries, veins: their structure, Anatomy of the large and
the small circulation;
- Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation and
capillary.

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  The blood
- The plasma and dissolved substances, figurative elements,
hematopoiesis, haemolysis; - Coagulation; - blood group.
 The reticuloendothelialsystem
- Rate, lymphatic, thymus.
2. Respiratory system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
 Anatomy
- Upper airway (anatomy endoscopy and non-surgical), nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea;
- Bronchus, lungs, pleura, anatomy and histology.

 Physiology of Breathing
- Mechanisms for regulating nervous;
- Chemical phenomena.
3. Digestive system
- General topography; the peritoneum
- The main categories of food
 Energy Needs;
 Animal heat.
4. Genito-urinary system
- Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the
ureters, the urethra and bladder
- Excretory role of the skin
- Description anatomy and physiology of the genitalia of the Man and
the woman

 Organic Chemistry : 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Fundamental Concepts
- Tetravalence of carbon;
- Carbon Chain linear cyclic;
- Concept of isometry;
- Nomenclature.
2. General concepts on
- The saturated hydrocarbons: methane;
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons: ethylene, acetylene;
- The aromatic hydrocarbons: chloroform;
- The halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons TRICHCMOROETHYLENE ;
- The alcohols methanol, ethanol;
- The PWnols;
- The aldehydes: formaldehyde;
- The ketones: acetone;
- The organic acids: acetic acids;
- The amines, methylamine;

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 - The acids: aniline.
3. Simple concepts on the compounds multifunctional: Acids Alcohols,
PWnol Acids, amino acids, etc.

MLS122: General Microbiology 2 - General Parasitology

 General Microbiology 2: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Presentation of the Yeast/fungi of medical interest
2. Structure and identification of the yeasts
3. The different types of parasites and their hosts
4. Identification, nomenclature and classification of parasites
 General Parasitology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Systematic study of human parasites, few definitions and concepts

prior, mode of parasitism
2. Location of parasites
3. Epidemiology and evolutionary cycle
4. Parasitic diseases: clinical description, pathology, defense of the
body. Prophylaxis
5. Classification of protozoa, of the PlatyhelmiNTDes, nematodes and
trematodes: signs and symptoms, diagnostic techniques, treatment
and prophylaxis
6.
 Practical work (06 Hours).
MLS123: Techniques in the laboratory

 Techniques in the laboratory: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Technology and instrument
- Generality;
- Presentation of the different devices on the medical analysis
laboratory;
- Study and application of the principles, techniques and basic
instruments used in the laboratory on the pipetting of precision,
scales, separation methods, microscopes, the PH-meter, type of
water and the preparation including the notion of glassware and
plastics;
- Safety in the laboratory.
2. The sampling techniques
- Concept of ethics relating to the collection;
- Hygiene of the levy, rule of aseptic;

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 Home of the patient, registration of the patient, compendium of
-
information clinic, assurance of compliance with the conditions prior to
the good realization of the levy and the review;
- Knowledge of laboratory examinations: the choice of the
appropriate equipment and conditions necessary prerequisites for a
good collection;
- Preparing the Work station and the sample collection equipment;
- Anatomical data-physiological and points of collection;
- The different types of removal of organic products and pathological
products: blood, cervico-vaginal uretral,, urine, pus and ulceration
sputum, skin, etc.
- The sampling techniques for the completion of the reviews current
and Special:Protocols, because of errors, security and prevention of
complications.
3. Work Practices (10 Hours)

MLS124: IEC 1- General hygiene and hospitable - Infectious and parasitic

diseases

 IEC 1: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Generality
2. Promotion of Health; definition, different aspects, persons likely to
participate unto the techniques of communications
3. The concepts of the IEC
4. Principles and methods of communication
5. Means and levels of communications
6. The methods of assessment of the nutritional status of populations 7.
Food ration of the different groups of individuals
 General hygiene and hospitable: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. General hygiene
- Personal hygiene and dress hygiene;
- Food hygiene and hygiene of the habitat.
2. Hospital hygiene
 General principles:
- Epidemiology;
- Sources and vehicles;
- Contaminants;
- Mode of transmission.
 Development of a hospital
- Monitoring and reporting of any infection;
- Removal of Contamination;

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 - Architectural consideration;
- Bacteriological control.
 Role of the bacteriologist in the fight against the hospital infection
- Personal hygiene and the collection, transport and treatment of
samples;
- Treatment of residues;
- Washing and sterilization of equipment;
- Collaboration with the other services;
- General hygiene of the service of medical analysis.
 Infectious and parasitic diseases: 3 credit (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Infectious Diseases
2. Infections Infectious Diseases
- The wounds simple;
- Infected wounds;
- The abscess (hot, cold, …);
- The Furuncle and Carbuncle;
- The paronychia;
- The myositis, and pyomyosites;
- The ulcer phagédénique ;
- The phlegmon sheaths;
- The gas gangrene;
- The lymphangitis.
• The generalized infections
- Septicemia;
- The infectious shock.
• Infectious Bacterial Diseases
 Respiratory device
- Tonsillitis; - Diphtheria;
- Bronchitis ;
- Whooping cough;
- Pneumonia;
- Broncho-pneumonia;
- The pulmonary tuberculosis.
 Cardiovascular System
- The péricardites;
- The endocardites.
 Digestive System
- Typhoid fever;
- Bacillary dysentery;
- The cholera.
 Genitourinary System,

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 - Aids/IST;
- The syphilis,
- The canker-Soft (chancrelle);
- The gonorrhea;
- - Cystitis;
- - The chlamydial infections.
 Musculoskeletal Health
- Ceos;
- The ostéites;
- The osteomyelitis.
• Other infectious diseases
- The tetasin;
- Rabies ;
- The leprosy;
- The cerebrospinal meningitis;
- The recurrent fevers;
- brucellosis;
- Louse-borne typhus.
• The Viral Diseases
- The parotitisourlienne;
- Influenza;
- The AIDS;
- Rubella;
- The varicella;
- The viral hepatitis;
- Yellow Fever.
2. Parasitic diseases
- Malaria;
- The trypanosomiases;
- The amoebic dysentery;
- Trichomoniasisuro-genital;
- The Intestinal parasitoses:
o Ascaridiase;
o Pinworms;
o Trichuriasis;
o Anguillulose;
o Hookworm;
o Taeniases;
o Distomatoses.
- Other parasitoses:
o Filariases:
▪ The loase;

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 ▪ The dracunculiasis;
▪ Onchocerciasis;
▪ Filariasis to W. Bancroft.
o The schistosomiases;
o The intestinal flagelloses and uro-genital;
o Hydatique cyst;
o Toxoplasmosis;
o Leishmaniasis;
o The Gale.

MLS125: General Pharmacology - Nutrition – Epidemiology

 General Pharmacology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition, Origins of drugs
2. Studies of medicinal forms
3. The medical prescription: Writing and reading of a medical
prescription
4. Measuring equipment and dosage
5. Routes of administration of drugs
6. Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
7. Regulation and modalities of distribution of drugs
8. Classification of medicines, a concept of toxicity
9. Prescription and dispensing of the drug to the hospital
10. Conservation and Monitoring
11. Drug intoxication
 Nutrition: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition, Origins of drugs
2. Science of nutrition
3. Classification of Food
4. Digestion relationship / absorption
5. Quality of local food
6. Selection and formulation of balanced feeds
7. Use of Food tables
8. Daily needs for nutrients and Calories
9. Food and life cycle
10. Dietetics and supply in pathology
11. Case Study
12. Nutritional diseases : voimming of the infant, acute diarrhea of the
infant, deshydration of the infant, chronic diarrhea, constipation and
the intestinal invagination in acute

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  Epidemiology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of the concepts and importance of the epidemiology,
preventive care
2. Indices of community health in relation with the epidemiology
3. Analytical methods of demography
4. Program of investigation in Health
5. Epidemiological study of acute diseases and chronic conditions
6. Methodology and Statistics in the field of research
7. Analysis of the data.

MLS126: Clinical Internship 2(Immersion)

 Clinical Internship 2: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS127: General Economy – Demography

 General Economy: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Facts and economic thoughts:

- The major facts of the economic history;
- The major schools of economic thought.
2. Markets and Prices
- The behavior of the producer: technology and cost of production,
supply function;
- Consumer behavior: a function of request;
- Analysis of the markets and price formation.
3. Currency and financing of the economy
- Creation and measurement of the currency;
- Monetary institutions and financial resources;
- Capital markets.
4. International economic relations
- Areas of economic exchanges;
- Specialization and international trade;
- International payment;
- European construction.
5. The economic policies
- The objectives: growth, employment, prices, external trade;
- The means: Policies fiscal, monetary, industrial and employment
policy and training.
6. Economic circuit and national accounting
- Institutional sectors, flow accounts, table (table of the whole
economic activity,Table Input/Ouputs, Table of Financial Operations),
aggregates and ratios;

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 - Evolution of the final consumption, gross fixed capital formation
(GFCF) and savings.
 Demography: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts Demographics

2. Definition
3. Purpose
4. The concepts of demography
5. The characteristics of the population
6. Concept of Gender, ratio, increased age pyramid
7. Stratification of the population.

MLS231: IEC 2 - Health and Development - Community Health

 IEC 2: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Determination of the health problems of a community
2. Prioritization criterion

 Problems;
 Behaviors;
 Of forces.
3. Community balance
4. Development of a plan of action in community health
5. The techniques of communication

 The meeting;
 The discussion of group;
 The brainstorming session;
 The conference-debate;
 The maintenance;
 The Counselling …
6. The principles of health promotion: Conference in Jakarta
7. The Ottawa conference
 Health and Development: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Public health concepts
- Definition of concepts;
- History and evolution;
- Determinants of Health - Health Indicators - risk factors.
2. Policy and the health system
- History and evolution of primary health care in Cameroon;
- The principles of care in public health;
- Strategy for the fight against poverty;
- Sectoral strategy for health;
- Organization of health services in Cameroon;

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 - Overview on the priority programs (ENP, malaria, AIDS, CGT, etc …);
- The objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS);
- The elements of social inequality in health (ISS);
- Reorientation of primary health care (central level, intermediate,
device, community participation, co-management, cost recovery,
essential drugs, minimum package of activities).

 Community health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The man, its physical environment
2. Evaluation of the actions of the improvement of the quality of the
Environment
3. Environmental factors affecting the health: noise, gas; pollution, waste,
air, water
4. Analysis of the health situation of the community
5. Health of the Environment
 Waste management;
 Controls of vectors;
 Water supply;
 Hygiene of the power supply;
 Relations environmental factors and rural exodus.

 Quality assurance
 Principle of assurancequality
- Introduction to quality assurance;
- Quality control in practice;
- Guide good execution of the Analyzes of Medical Biology
(G.B.E.A);
- ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
 Establishment of a policy of quality assurance in the laboratory
- Definition of the objective qualities;
- Choice of Indicators qualifications and the development of the
plan of action;
- Instrument panel;
- Management of the laboratory: planning the analyzes, material
management, stocks, the Workspace, metrology, maintenance of
equipment;
- Quality audit, archiving, and traceability.

MLS232: Initiation to research and biostatistics

 Research Project
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:

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 - Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and be able
to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and approaches in
qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through the use
of valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the research
questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for these in
selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate choice and
application of statistical testing to assess this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or group
research.
Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research: Purposiveness,
Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision, generalizability, objectivity);
Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories, deductive & inductive
reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions Elements of the Scientific
Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question, Hypotheses, Experiments,
Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and applied,
Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research, Conceptual
vs Empirical Research, Etc.

 Biostatistics I
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical information.
Content:
1. Introduction
2. Basic concepts in biostatistics
3. Sampling techniques and data collection
4. Variables (Qualitative and Quantitative)
5. Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
6. Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median,
standard deviations and standard errors.

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  Biostatistics II
Content
1. The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
2. Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution,
Chi squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
3. Errors in statistics

Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review, formulating the

problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the questions
according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable hypothesis to
achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical
considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable project administration; Plans for
dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring instruments
(reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality control of
measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements; the issue of
missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of hypothesis.
Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

MLS233: Clinical Haematology 1- Medical Entomology - Blood Transfusion

 Clinical haematology 1: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Hematopoiesis
 Presentation and description of the myeloid lineage and the lymphoid
lineage;
 Physiology and pathology of the Hematopoiesis.
2. Haematological techniques
 Venous sampling;
 Enumeration formed elements of blood: red blood cells, white blood
cells and blister card;
 Dosage of hemoglobin and hematocrit;
 Blood smears: mounting, panoptical staining of May GrunwaldGiemsa
and establishment of the leukocytic formula.
 Practical work (15 Hours)

 Medical Entomology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

 Medical Entomology and major diseases transimmted by insects;
 Classification, medical importance, geographic distribution, morphology
and diagnosis, Biology, cycle of transmission of the main pathogens and
struggle of:
- Arthropods : introduction, definition and distinction between immes
and insects ;

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 - The main dust immes :Ixodés (Argas) and Trobodidés (Sarcoptes and
Demodex);
- The Insects:tabanids (horse flies), sarcophagid flies(agents of
myases), Psychodides (phlebotomussp), Simulidés (black fly), Culcidés
(mosquitoes) and Muscidae (biting flies and flies cock-blowers);
- Other insects: Anoploures (lice), Hemiptera (bugs) and Aphaniptères
(chip).
• Malacologie: classification, medical importance, geographic
distribution, morphology and diagnosis, Biology, cycle of transmission of the
main pathogens and fight of the main shellfish.

 Blood Transfusion: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The blood, hemostasis: the blood groups, the Cellular products and
products derived from blood
2. The modes of collection of blood, conservation of blood products
3. Transfusion technique: Check transfusion pre, install products, blood
transfusion safety, legislation relating to transfusion
4. The responsibility of the Technician vis-a-vis the blood transfusion.

MLS234: Clinical Biochemistry 1 – Laboratory

 Clinical Biochemistry 1 - Laboratory: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Physiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical
interest: techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal
values of biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological
variations (2nd part)
2. Exploration of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes,
mineral ions and acid-base balance
3. Practical work (20 Hours)

MLS235: Clinical Bacteriology 1 – Laboratory

 Clinical Bacteriology 1 - Laboratory: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Presentation of the bacterial systematic
2. The study of bacteria of medical interest: the Coccigram positive, the
negative Coccigram and bacilli Gram positive (history, habitat and
epidemiology, fill pathogen, Bacteriological characters, diagnosis,
treatment and prophylaxis)
3. Bacteriological techniques: microscopic examinations, isolation and
identification of the products of Clinical Bacteriology (technical and
transport), methods of sterilization and preparation of media of cultures
4. Techniques of conventional identifications and generality on the
Enterobacteriaceae (1st part)
5. Work Practices (10 Hours)

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MLS236:Internshipof Community Health /Hematology

 Internship community health 1 : 6 credits (90 hours) ; P, SPW

MLS237: Information and Communication Techniques

 Techniques of Information and Communication 1

1. Concepts and architecture of computers

2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

 Technique of information and communication 2

1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name

to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires
12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

MLS241: Clinical Parasitology 1 - Medical Mycology - Immunology/serology

 Clinical parasitology 1: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The intestinal protozoa
 Generality/classification;

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  Rhizopods: Entamoebahistolytica and other amoebae;
 The flagellates: Trcichomonasintestinalis, Giadaintestinalis,
Chilomastixmesnii;
 Ciliates: Balandidium coli;
 Sporozoaires: generality, Isosporabeli, Cryptosporiumparvum, micro
sporidia.
2. The Tissue protozoa
 Sporozoaire: plasmodia, Toxoplasmagondii;
 Tissue flagellates: Trypanosomasp and Leishmaniasp;
 Techniques for completion of the reviews of bases in Parasitology;
 The helminthiasis infections (1st part).
3. Practical work (04 Hours)
 Medical Mycology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction on the mycology: definition and development of the

Mycology
2. Generality on the fungi : structure, nutrition and growth, reproduction,
pathogenicity, mode of contamination, the role of fungi in the states of
IMMunosuppression
3. The sampling techniques
4. Diagnosis of yeasts of medical interest: direct examination, culture and
identification
5. Diagnosis of dermatophytes: direct examination, culture and identification
6. Theoretical study of deep fungal infections
7. Antifungal agents: Classification and mechanisms of action
8. Antifongigramm
9. Practical work (04 Hours)
 Immunology / Serology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction to the immunology: organs and cells of the immunity
2. Description of the elements of the immune system
3. Description of the mechanisms of the immune response
4. Regulation of the immune response
5. Introduction to the techniques of diagnosis immunological: agglutination
reaction, etc.
6. Cell-mediatedimmune response: function of T cells, cells with the
Antigen,cell mediated cytotoxicity, central role of macrophages, the
lymphokines and cytokines produced by macrophages
7. The complement system: the different components, their role in the
activation reaction (track alternates and Track Classic); become the
activation
8. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC): origin and evolution of the
MHC; the MHC genes in their chromosomal context; biochemistry of the

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 molecules of Class I and Class II of the MHC; a function of molecules
invariant associated to the molecules HCMA class II in the presentation of
the Antigen
9. Techniques of typing of MHC; the MHC, and organ transplantation
10. Immunological techniques
11. Work Practices (10 Hours)

MLS242: The Economics of Health - The priority program of health in

Cameroon

 The economics of health: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Basic concepts in health economics: supply, demand, the financing of the
Health;
2. Concept of the market in health: the supply of health care; request of care;
financing of care;
3. The funding in health: social protection, pooling of the financing of the
Health;
4. Health Financing in Cameroon : Community funding (CNPS, mutual health
and system put in place by the state for public servants); non-Community
funding (budget of the ministries concerned, public health and other…);
bilateral and multilateral cooperation (NGOS, other donors, …);
5. The health planning;
6. Health system and their assessment: effectiveness, efficiency, cost,
effectiveness/efficiency, cost / efficiency.

 The priority Program of Health in Cameroon: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T,SPW

1. Program for the fight against malaria;

2. Program to combat tuberculosis;
3. The Onchocerciasis Control Program;
4. Vaccination and ENP;
5. etc.….

MLS243: Bacteriology clinic 2 - Clinical Biochemistry 2 – Laboratory

 Clinical Bacteriology 2: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, PW

1. Study of Enterobacteriaceae (suite and end)
2. Techniques of realization of bacteriological examinations with sensitivity
3. Work Practices (10 Hours)

 Clinical Biochemistry 2: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, PW

1. Exploration of the kidney functions, cardio-vascular, hepatic, pancreatic,
exploration of diabetes

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 2. Biochemistry of the urine
3. Quantitative analysis of proteins of the urine
4. Quantitative analysis of the uric acid
5. Practical work (10 Hours)

MLS244: Hematology Clinic2 – Laboratory

 Hematology clinic 2 - Laboratory: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Hemostasis and coagulation
- Definition, purpose, physiology and pathology of the primary
hemostasis, of the secondary hemostasis and fibrinolysis;
- Schema of the coagulation;
- The pathology of the primary hemostasis and the secondary hemostasis;
- Techniques for exploring the primary hemostasis, of the secondary
hemostasis and fibrinolysis.
2. Staining vital fresh blood
- Brilliant cresyl blue (alcoholic reticulocytes and body of Heinz); -
toluidine blue (granulations basophilic).
3. Global Test of hemostasis
- Bleeding time, time of coagulation, measure the resistance capillary
and prothrombin time;
- Time to Howells;
- Test to the heparin;
- Separate metering of the elements of the complex prothrombique; -
speed of sedimentation of the RBCS; - globular Resistance osmotic.
4. Practical work (10 Hours)

MLS245: Clinical Internship 3 (Parasitology/Immunology)

 Clinical Internship 3: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS246: Clinical Internship 4 (Serology/Anapath/Histology)

 Clinical Internship 4: 4 appropriations (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS247:French and English for Medical profession

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language and thus
enhance patient relationship as needed.
Content:
1. Grammar
2. Different parts of the human body
3. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care

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 4. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
5. Drafting of reports
6. Documentation research
7. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
8. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
9. Drafting of researchtopics
10. Dissertation on the professional articles
11. Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
12. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
13. Hospitals
14. The Hardware
15. The staff
16. The Role
17. The pathologies
18. The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine syste

MLS351: IEC3 - Health Information System - Health Management

 IEC 3: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The educational program in health

 Definition;
 The components;
 Development.
2. Monitoring and motoring an educational program
 Definition;
 Principle.
3. The supervision of an educational program in health
 Definition;
 Supervision and motoring;
 Why the supervision?
 The steps of the supervision.
 The styles of supervision:
- Autocratic supervision;
- Anarchic supervision;
- Democratic supervision.
 The benefits of the supervision.

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 4. The evaluation of a health program
 Definition ;
 Type of Assessment.
 The components (criteria) of the evaluation process:
- The objectives;
- The impact indicators;
- The indicators of health coverage;
- Indicators of community participation.
 Why evaluate?
 How to evaluate?
 Predictive Value and Program of struggle of a disease.
 Health Information System: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition;
2. Goals;
3. Statistical elements:
 Unit unto Population, Sample;
 Sources of statistical data;
 The statistical calculation.
4. The process of health information: - collection of data;
 Media, routing;
 Treatment (counting, grouping, presentation);
 Analysis and interpretation;
 Retro-information and decision-making.

 Health management: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Concepts
2. The Management Process
3. Health Organization in Cameroon
 Mission of Health training on the national territory: health center, district
hospitals, hospitals, central and regional, general hospitals, CHU,
private hospitals and clinics laity and confessional, liberal medicine;
 Hospital reform, inter Ŕrelation with national organizations that
contribute to the health and the fight against poverty (other
government departments, donors, international organizations, NGOS,
associations).
4. Organization of health training, public and private
 Legislation which applies to health training;
 Economic and Financial Management;
 Workforce management Workforce management, staff and the
continuous training;
 Management of care and drugs.
5. Mutual health.

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MLS352: Drafting of end of course research

 Drafting of end of course research: 3 credits (45 hours); L, SPW

It depends on the theme of work of the learner; it must be drafted in accordance

with the following plan:
1. Summary
2. Introduction: 2 pages maximum. The introduction, it is spring loaded to the
problematic
It raises the question of research;

 It sets the assumptions;
 It sets the general objective;
 It sets out the specific objectives and sets out the plan.
3. Chapter I, II: The literature review (Review of the literature)
4. Chapter II, III: The methodology
5. Chapter III, IV: Presentation of the results and discussion

 Conclusion and recommendations;

 Bibliography.

MLS353: Clinical Parasitology 2 - Clinical Haematology 3 – Laboratory

 Clinical parasitology 2: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Nematodes Intestinal disorders:
 Ascaris Lumbricoïdes,
 Trichuratricguira,
 EntorobiusVemicularis, Ankylostomaduodenale, Teniasp
2. Sanguicoles nematodes
3. Skin nematodes
4. Techniques for the identification of a parasitic
5. Techniques of concentration
6. Practical work (30 Hours)
 Clinical haematology 3: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Study of the pathological blood
- Anemia;
- The leukopenia;
- The leucocytoses;
- The polyglobulies;
- Hematological malignancies : general study of the malignant
cytology, classification, leucoses, malignant lymphomas and other
diseases of the system; - the myeloid leukemia;
- The lymphoid leukaemia.
2. Practical work (15 Hours)

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MLS354: Clinical Bacteriology 3 - Laboratory – Virology

 Clinical Bacteriology 3: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Revision of the Systematic Bacteriology;
2. Practical work (15 Hours)

 Virology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

3. Generality on the virus;
4. Classification and structures of the virus;
5. Presentation of some of the viral diseases;
6. Techniques for the identification of the virus.

MLS355: Analytical Chemistry – Laboratory

 Analytical Chemistry - laboratory: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- Generality: Definition, role, classification of methods of analyzes, steps of the

quantitative analysis, errors in the chemical analyzes (systematic error, random
error);
- Preparation of the sample for analysis: Sampling, sources of errors during the
decomposition/dissolution of samples, elimination of interference when a reaction;
- Analytical technique: titrimétriques method (principle, technical and
application); Techniques of titration acid/base (acidimétrie and alcalimétrie);
Techniques of titration by precipitation (argentimétrie and thiocyanométrie)
Techniques of titration complexométrique (chélatométrie); Method of titration by
(redox Manganimétrie, iodometric and chromatométrie); gravimetric analysis
(principle, technical and application).

MLS356: Internship in Community Health 2

 Internship community health 2: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS357:Ethics and Civic education and Initiation to research

 Ethics and Civic education: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T

The Concepts
• The citizen;
• The Nation;
• The State;
• Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
• The freedoms;
• The public service;

• Ethics;

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 • Ethics, Law and reason;
• Ethical Problem ;
• Ethics and management.
• Civics
• Deontology
• Moral consciousness
• The universal declaration of Human Rights
• Good governance in public services
• The importance of civics to the life of the nation
• Functions of the state and its citizens
• Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
• Relationship between morality, law and ethics
• Codes of ethics
 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law and sources
2. The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)
3. The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
4. The delegate of the staff, unions
5. Work accidents and occupational diseases
6. The hygiene and safety in the workplace
 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

Nature and function of the management of personnel, training and staff

development, supervision and evaluation of employees; assessment of jobs and
administration of salaries; trade union organizations and labor legislation, collective
bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to employees. Practical
application in industrial administration, public and the hospital.
 Civil law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

Society, ethics and the law; the foundation of the right and of the social life;
concepts of health and education; place of the body in moral and in law; the right
and duties of the individual and of the Community (right of patients, the rights of
the person and the health care system); privatization and publicisation of health,
respect for private life and social cost of health. Autonomy, participation, etc.

MLS361: Microbiology of the environment - Food Microbiology

 Microbiology of the environment: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction and concept

2. The main microorganisms: description and habitat, power pathogens,
epidemiology, higHCMighted and means of fight

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 3. Role of microorganisms in the cycle of nutrient inputs: Characteristics of
microbial ecosystems
4. Soil microbiology, aquatic environments, the air
5. The methods of analysis: microbial techniques, immunological techniques,
molecular techniques

 Microbiology of food: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Generality on the Microbiology of food

2. Microbiological Analysis of Foods
3. Principle, purpose and interpretation, multiplication factors of
microorganisms, infections of food origins
4. Techniques of Microbiological Analysis of Foods: cooked dishes, meat and
meat products, the product of the sea, milk and milk products, beverages
other than water
5. Techniques for the microbiological analysis of natural waters and intended
for human consumption: general methods of sampling and analyzes,
microorganisms indicators of pollution, pathogenic microorganisms

MLS362: Histopathology – Human Cytology

 Histopathology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Generality and general principles in anatomy and pathological cytology
2. Anatomy and Histology Normal: Female Genital Organs / endocrine
organs
3. Cytology breast pathology and of the genital tract of women
4. Normal smears / pathological smears and classification of Bethesda
5. Cervical cancers

 Human cytology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Cytology and cytopathologies of serosa (LCR, joint fluid and skin)

2. Tree broncho-pulmonary: Anatomy and normal histology, cytopathology
inflammatory, of dystrophic tumor and
3. Urinary system: anatomy, histology, cytology of the urine, inflammatory
tumor and
4. Typhoid, liver and the ganglion: anatomy and histology, cytology
inflammatory tumor and
5. Precancerous lesion
6. Study of the sperm analysis
7. Standard techniques / special techniques (IMMunohistochemistry, etc.)

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MLS363: Clinical Biochemistry 3 - Clinical Parasitology 3 – Laboratory

 Clinical Biochemistry 3: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Biochemical reviews concerning the hormones, vitamins and oligo-
elements.
2. Practical work (15 hours)

 Clinical parasitology 3: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- The techniques of concentration
- Practical work (15 Hours)

MLS364: Molecular Biology

 Molecular Biology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Structure, ownership and molecular characteristics of nucleic acids (DNA
and RNA)
2. Biosynthesis of nucleic acids
3. Biosynthesis of proteins
4. Introduction to the Genetics
5. Classical Genetics
6. Gene and transmission of genetic information
7. Use of Genetic Information
8. Mechanism of replication, mutation.

MLS365: clinical internship 5 (Biochemistry)

 Clinical Internship 5: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS366: clinical internship 6 (Mycobacteriology)

 Clinical Internship 6: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

MLS367: Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.
Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.
Health care Ethics
1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics

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 3. MLS Ethics
4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence,
Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The Concept
Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of The Elderly,
Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
1. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
2. Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional secrecy,
Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
3. Code of ethics.
4. Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
5. MLS and the law
Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination of
labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology

1. Objective of the training

Given the current complexity of radiodiagnostic and radiotherapy techniques
(computer science, quality assurance, etc.), on the one hand, and the requirements in
terms of radiation protection and health safety (determination of effective doses in
radiology, for example), on the other hand, It is necessary to set up a university level
training to meet the current needs of hospitals in qualified professionals. It is wise to
take into account, the phenomenon of staff turnover due to retirements and, to give
technical managers the possibility of continuing their studies in a rapidly expanding
field. This is the objective of the HND specialty Radiology and medical imaging.
2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible and reflective;
- Have gestural skills and interpersonal skills;
- Recognize your emotions and use them with the necessary professional
skills;
- Have proven trust and confidence;
- Have critical ability and questioning;
- Develop a professional ethic and normal;
- make thoughtful decisions;
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the well-defined fields of its
function;
- Track the inventory status of consumables, set up replenishment orders and
arrange equipment storage;
- Check the operation of the devices, update the maintenance register
and inform in case of malfunction;
- Master the computer tool and ICT.
 Specific skills
- Research and process scientific professional data;
- Perform medical imaging (conventional radiology, MRI, CT scan,
ultrasonography) diagnosis or pathology screening according to the
medical prescription;
- Be able to perform dosimetric calculations;
- Calculate the doses of radioactive products of a preparation according
to the treatment of a patient;
- Control the application of Quality-Safety and Environment procedures;

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 - Perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations using
radiographic techniques;
- Check the conformity of a sensitive equipment or installation;
- Perform CT examinations according to X-ray techniques;
- Perform mammography examinations using radiographic techniques;
- Be able to use ionizing radiation to destroy tumors or to intervene in
nuclear medicine.

3. Opportunities
- Public function;
- Hospitals and private clinics;
- NGOs (Non Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- Agribusiness ;
- Occupational Medicine ;
- Research and training.

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Chemistry - Physics Biology - Biochemistry -
MIT111 40 15 15 5 75 5
Microbiology
MIT112 Electronics – ECG - EEG 30 15 10 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
MIT113 Mathematics - Statistics 35 20 0 5 60 4
MIT114 Radiology Anatomy 30 15 10 5 60 4
Physics of Ultrasound, Physics of Magnetic
MIT115 Resonance, Physics of Radiation and Nuclear 40 15 15 5 75 5
Physics, General Anatomyand Physiology
MIT116 Clinical internship (immersion) - 60 15 75 5
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Methods of work -Bilingual training Information
MIT117 25 10 5 5 45 3
and Communication Technologies I (ICT)
Total 200 90 115 45 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Psychology and Relationship of Assistance -
MIT121 30 15 10 5 60 4
General hygiene
Care techniques-Nursing-First aid I-
MIT122 40 20 10 5 75 5
Epidemiology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Radiation protection and Biological effects
MIT123 30 15 10 5 60 4
of radiation
Ergonomics, General description of devices
MIT124 30 20 20 5 75 5
and technology
Practical work in Chemistry, Microbiology,
MIT125 40 15 15 5 75 5
Physics and Electricity
MIT126 Dosimetry and ultrasound Internship / / 45 15 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MIT127 French -Medical English 25 10 5 5 45 3
Total 195 95 115 45 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Pharmacology of radiology, contrast
MIT231 medium, Nuclear medicine and 40 20 10 5 75 5
Radiochemistry
Radiation protection and biological effects
MIT232 of ionizing radiation, Computer Science 30 15 10 5 60 4
applied to the imaging I
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Positioning and imaging techniques
MIT233 30 20 35 5 90 6
(IM2TECDOGY, IM2 TUrThEx, IM2TAUHGCC)
Recording techniques, processing and
MIT234 20 20 30 5 75 5
printing of images I (IM2TRTLM1)
MIT235 Hospital management 20 10 10 5 45 3
MIT236 MRI Internship and MRI ability / / 45 15 60 4
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MIT237 ICT II and Civic Education and Ethics 25 10 5 5 45 3
Total 165 95 145 45 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

MIT241 General pathologies - Hematology 40 15 15 5 75 5
MIT242 Care techniques – Nursing- First aid II 30 10 15 5 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Community Health, Computer Science
MIT243 30 15 10 5 60 4
applied to Imaging II
Quality control in conventional
radiology(ISO 9001), Environmental
MIT244 30 15 10 5 60 4
management system (ISO 1401) and the
patient protection
MIT245 Health Education and Life Cycle 30 20 5 5 60 4
Nuclear medicine and Scanner Internship
MIT246 / / 60 30 90 6
and aptitude
Transversals Courses10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MIT247 Initiation to research + Health Economics 20 10 10 5 45 3
Total 180 85 125 60 450 30

Semester 5
Field : Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology
Hourly Volume Number
CODE
Courses titles Of Credits
L T P PW Total
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
MIT351 Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health 30 15 10 5 60 4
Image positioning Techniques : Radio-
MIT352 40 15 15 5 75 5
conventional, Dosimetry, MRI - Pediatrics
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
MIT353 Special pathologies Pediatrics - ENT 45 20 20 5 90 6
Special Gynecological and
MIT354 30 15 10 5 60 4
Neurological Pathologies
Computer Science applied to the
MIT355 30 15 10 5 60 4
Imaging III
MIT356 Conventional Imaging Internship / / 45 15 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MIT357 Medical Law and Legal Environment 20 10 10 5 45 3
Total 195 90 120 45 450 30

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Semester 6
Field : Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Medical Imaging Technology
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses titles
L T P PW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Angiography, Interventional Radio and
MIT361 40 15 15 5 75 5
Endoscopy
MIT362 Specific Law and Organization of work 30 15 10 5 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
MIT363 Pediatric Imaging, Dosimetry 20 10 10 5 45 3
Internship special examinations and
MIT364 / / 55 20 75 5
Operating Room
MIT365 Emergency Imaging internship / / 55 20 75 5
MIT366 Professional internship / / 55 20 75 5
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MIT367 Professional Ethics &Deontology 20 15 5 5 45 3
Total 110 55 205 80 450 30

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5. Courses content

MIT111: Chemistry – Physics Biology- Biochemistry – Microbiology

 General Chemistry: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Atoms and Molecules

- Items unto the compounds- Mixtures unto Atomic Theory of Dalton unto
the molecules unto atomic mass and molecular mass unto Constitution of
the Atom unto the isotopes unto the mass spectrometer unto periodicity
and classification of elements unto metals and non-metals unto load of
the ions.
2. The electronic structure of the Atom
- Energy of ionization unto spectrum of rays of the Atoms - Atomic Theory of
Bohr unto atomic theory undulatory - quantum numbers unto rules of
Pauli and Hund unto electronic configuration of atoms unto atomic rays
and periodicity.
3. Chemical reactivity
- Chemical equations by group unto redox reactions unto Numbers of
oxidation and the weighting of the redox reactions unto combination
reactions unto the decomposition reactions unto a substitution reaction
unto reaction of double-displacement.
4. Quantitative aspects
- Mole and Avogadro's number unto stoichiometric coefficients in the
chemical equations unto stoichiometric balance unto limiting Reagents
unto performance of a reaction solutions unto molarity unto reaction in
solution and in the gas phase - precipitation reaction unto the rules of
solubility Réactions acid-base reaction unto of redox unto assays unto
preparations of solutions.
5. Chemical connections
- Ionic bindings: Definition, electronic configuration of ions, ionic crystal and
reticular energy covalent bonds: Models of Lewis, rule of the byte, formal
charges, hybrids of resonance, and exceptions to the rule of the byte,
Electronegativity, Polar Connections and dipole moments unto bond
energy.
6. Geometry of the molecules
- Prediction of the geometry of the molecules unto RPECV theory: "repulsion
of electronic pairs of the layer of Valencia" - Description of the 5
geometries.

7. Introduction to spectroscopic methods,

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 - Transmission and Absorption unto Law of Lambert-Beer unto notion of
spectrum unto diagram of a spectrophotometer unto Molecular
Spectroscopy UV unto visible.
8. Etas of light
- Solid, liquid and gas unto the intermolecular forces unto metal
connections.
9. Chemical equilibrium
- Dynamic balancing unto equilibrium constant unto balance sheets of
contents of equilibrated reactions unto reaction Quotient unto principle of
the Chatelier unto influence of temperature.
10. Speed of the reactions
- Speeds of the reactions at initial speeds unto the reactions of order a unto
the reactions of order two unto reaction mechanisms unto decisive step of
speed unto energy of activation unto equation of the Arrhenius unto
catalysis.
11. Acids and Bases
- Definitions unto ion product of water unto strong acids and low unto
acidity constant Ka and strength of an acid unto strong bases and low
Constant unto of basicity unto acid pairs-base combined unto Calculation
of pH of solutions of acids, bases unto buffers mixtures and the equation of
Henderson unto Hasselbach unto pH indicators unto titration of the acid
and base unto titration curve Equivalence and half equivalence.
12. Solubility and reaction of precipitation
- Products of solubility unto the common ion effect unto complexation
reactions and influence on the solubility unto reaction Quotient unto
selective precipitation unto sulphide separation unto separation of
hydroxides unto amphoteric hydroxides.
13. Introduction to spectroscopic methods
- Principle of the separation unto chromatography of absorption, of sharing,
of steric exclusion and ionic unto thin-layer chromatography unto High
Performance Liquid Chromatography unto gas chromatography.
14. Contrast products used in medical imaging
- Contrast Agents in radiology unto contrast agents in MRI unto
radiopharceutiques compound used in nuclear medicine.

 Organic Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction
- Tour of the horizon unto write of structure unto structural isomers unto
structural isomers unto Nomenclature unto the main functional groups.

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 2. Isometry
- Conformers and conformation of alkanes unto alkenes and isomeric cis or
trans unto Enantiomères unto chiral molecules and achirales unto
diastereomers.
3. Elements of reactivity of the main organic functions
- Low reactivity of alkanes unto Alkenes and Alkynes: Reactions of addition
unto Arènes substitution reactions unto classification of organic functions
by "groups of oxidation" - alcohols and other functions "+1" - aldehydes
and ketones: Reactions of addition unto carboxylic acids and other
functions "+3": substitution reactions.
4. Biological Substances
- Carbohydrates unto lipids unto amino acids and proteins unto nucleic
acids.

 General physics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

First part: Mechanical

1. IntroductiOn
- Measures unto vector algebras.
2. Static: body at rest
- Solid Body at rest unto fluids at rest: Hydrostatic.
3. Kinematics: movement of a hardware point
- Curvilinear Movement General unto a particular case of the curvilinear
movement: rectilinear movements, circular movements, periodic
movements unto theorem of Fourier unto relativity of movement.
4. Dynamic: relationship between movement and cause of the Movement
- Law of the conservation of the quantity of movement and its
consequences unto Dynamics of material point or of the solid in the
translation unto law of conservation of angular momentum and its
consequences unto the dynamics of a solid body mobile around a fixed
axis.
5. Work and energy
- Pulse unto Work power unto untoEnergie unto different forms of energy
unto units for the energy unto Basic Law: conservation of energy unto
Energie recoverable and non-recoverable unto expression of the kinetic
energy: energy of movement unto expression of the potential energy:
energy of position unto force, potential energy, field, potential: for the
gravitational force unto expression of the total energy for a particle unto
expression of the total energy for a solid in rotation around an axis unto
conservation of energy in the fluids (Bernoulli) unto applications of the
principle of conservation of energy and the amount of movement.

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Second part: Electromagnetics
1. Electrostatic
- Electrical interaction unto the charged particles: Law of the conservation
of the load unto Coulomb's Law unto Electric Field unto energy electrical
potential of a load unto electrical potential unto analogies between the
gravitational interaction and the interaction unto electrical conservation
of the electrical energy in an electric field - electrical power unto theorem
of Gauss for the electric field on the matter unto electrical capacity unto
capacitors.
2. Electrical Circuits in continuous current

- Ohm unto Pouillet unto origin of the electrical resistance in the conductors
unto conductors, insulators and semi-conductors unto Association of
resistors in series and in parallel unto Joule effect unto Electromotive Force
unto Association of generators unto Kirchhoff unto Thévenin.
3. Magnetism
- Magnetic interaction unto representation of the field created by a
permanent magnet unto theorem of Gauss for the magnetic field:
Characterization of the magnetic field unto action of a magnetic field on
a moving charge unto magnetic field creates by a moving charge unto
action of a magnetic field on an electrical current unto magnetic dipole
unto magnetic field produced by a current: act of an AMP unto Laplace
unto electromagnetic field depending on the time unto Law of Faraday-
Henry unto Effect of the magnetic field on the matter unto Summary of
laws of electromagnetism and Maxwell equations.
4. Electrical Circuits in alternating currents
- Auto induction unto the electrical circuits in non-stationary unto the
electrical circuits in stationary regime: series circuits and parallel circuits:
power in alternative current, resonance, Quality Factor of a resonant
circuit.
Third Part: Waves
1. Definition
- Elastic waves unto electromagnetic waves unto the wavefront unto
intensity of the wave unto principle of superposition unto airwaves
transverse and longitudinal.
2. Spread of the wave
- General equation of the wave propagation unto spread of harmonic
waves;
3. The properties of the waves
- Polarization unto Interference diffraction unto unto Dissemination unto
waves with interfaces: reflection, refraction, absorption.

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Fourth part: geometrical optics
1. Introduction
- The light is a radius unto element of visual photometry unto general
description for optical devices the Gaussian.
2. Reflection
- Laws of reflection unto reflection diffuse unto specular reflection unto
reflection on a flat surface unto Description of sPWrical mirrors unto
reflection on a sPWrical surface concave unto reflection on a surface
sPWrically convex unto aberrations of the sPWrical mirrors.
3. Refraction
- Laws of the refraction unto Refraction of a environment less refractile to an
environment more refractile unto Refraction of a environment more
refractile toward an environment less refractile: critical angle and total
reflection refraction unto to a flat interface unto refraction to a sPWrical
interface unto refraction to several sPWrical interfaces: Lenses unto
aberrations of lenses.
4. Optical Instruments
- Eye unto Magnifying Glass unto Microscope
 Biology-Biochemistry: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- Histology: description of the epithelia, connective tissues, cartilage tissue,

bone tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue, lymphoid tissues,
blood, Cytology;
- Description of a eukaryotic cell animal, cell division, reproduction,
biochemistry, classification and description of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, nucleotides and nucleic acids, elements of enzymology, DNA to
protein, glycolysis, catabolism of fatty acids, elements of MITunology,
description of the main actors of the MITune system and their roles of
defense against infectious agents, bases of the mechanisms.
 Microbiology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The microbial world and microbiology

- Micro-organisms to microbiology;
- The boundaries of the world; microbial
- The evolution of the microbial world;
- The border eukaryotic molecular / prokaryote; - the microbial kingdoms.
2. The micro-eukaryotic organisms
- Common characteristics;
- The algae unto characteristics most shared unto classification;
- Protozoa unto characteristics most shared unto classification;
- The fungi unto characteristics most shared unto vegetative growth unto
Reproduction Classification unto unto the yeasts.

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 3. The micro-prokaryotic organisms:
- Common characteristics;
- General Classification of bacteria;
- The archaea.
4. Viruses
- Common characteristics;
- Constituents;
- Classification criteria;
- Cycle of the viral infection;
- Integration within the cell genome;
- The Temperate bacteriophages;
- The oncogenic viruses;
- Culture and enumeration of virus.
5. Functional Anatomy of bacteria
- General characteristics;
- The Bacterial cytoplasm;
- The cytoplasmic membrane;
- The bacterial cell wall;
- The capsule;
- The bacterial spore;
- The Appendices external;
- The genetic heritage;
- Acquisition of genetic information.

6. Bacterial growth
- Bacterial multiplication;
- The growth of the population;
- Measurement of the growth of a population;
- Physico-chemical parameters affecting the multiplication.
7. Nutritional requirements of bacteria
- Source of energy;
- The nutrients;
- The culture media;
- Conservation of bacteria.
8. Metabolic Pathways of prokaryotes
- Metabolic pathways and energy;
- The APH and the NAD 3;
- The major stages of the metabolism;
- Re oxidation of coenzyme;
- Energy balance of catabolism;
- Photosynthesis.

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 9. Elements of bacterial systematic
- Organization of the Ranking;
- Difficulties related to the bacterial taxonomy;
- Classification criteria;
- Gram Eubacteria;
- Beyond the eubacteria commons.
10. The interactions micro-organisms /hosts
- Symbiotic associations;
- The interactions micro-organisms / human;
- The parasitism unto strategy of virulence;
- The physiological mechanisms of defense;
- The strategies of circumvention of the defenses of the host.
11. The strategies anti-microbial
- Sterilization, disinfection, antiseptic;
- Resistance to disinfection;
- Physical methods;
- Chemical agents septic anti and disinfectant unto the antibiotics; -
vaccine strategies.

12. The operation of the microbial world

- Fermentation and bioconversion;
- Industrial fermentation;
- The bioconversion;
- Micro-organisms and industrial activity.

MIT112: Electronics – ECG-EEG

 Electronic : 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

First part: General electronics

1. The signals and forms of waves encountered in electronics
- Harmonic signals, periodicals, touch, mundane- Fourier Transform.
2. The filters
- Passive filters of the first and second order;
3. The oscilloscope
- The different parts of the cathode ray tube (CRT) unto Creation modulation
and concentration of the harness unto Deviation horizontally and vertically
in a TRC unto the Post-Acceleration unto the screen unto the different
features of the oscilloscope: figures of Lissajous unto Scan in saw teeth unto
multitrace function.
4. The semi-conductors
- Driver insulating unto unto semi-conductor unto pn-junction.

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 5. The Diodes
- The semiconductor laser diodes ideal and actual unto Rectifiers diodes
unto other types of diodes: Zener, Del, photodiode, Varicap.
6. The transistors
- The transistors in the junctions unto the transistors to field effect - the MOS
7. Integrated circuits
8. The operational amplifiers
- Connections of the operational amplifier unto the ideal operational
amplifier unto the operational amplifier practice unto gain of an
operational amplifier unto Rejection of common mode unto spectral
response unto the slew rate unto inverting amplifier unto amplifier not
inverter unto unto Adder Subtractor Amplifier unto circuit to logarithmic
response unto circuit to answer anti-logarithmic unto multiplier Circuits unto
splitters Circuits unto integrators circuits.
9. Digital techniques
- The bases of the algebra of Boole unto the logical functions unto fundamental
Combinatorial logic unto the binary adders unto addition of two numbers to a bit
unto addition of two numbers to two bits unto addition of two numbers to n bits
unto multiplexers (MUX); MUX to two tracks, MUX to 4 tracks unto the Circuits
demultiplexers unto the binary comparators.

First part: applied to the imaging

1. The sensors in medical imaging,
- The sensors for the imaging by reflection unto the sensors for the imaging
by emission –
- The sensors of ionizing radiation for the imaging by emission and
transmission unto common characteristics of the detectors unto the
Detectors The more common of the imaging systems
2. The treatment of the analog signal
- Representation, modeling and classification of signals unto Fourier
Transform unto Properties its systems of transmission unto function of
dispersion unto convolution unto theorem of Plancherel unto transfer
function of modulation unto windowing and Filtering Modulation unto unto
noise.
3. Digital Signal Processing
- Scan unto Sampling Nyquist unto unto Shannon unto Quantification unto
transformed from Fournier discrete and Fast Fourier Transform unto digital
filtering.
4. Two-dimensional signals
5. Application
- Signal Processing with Matlab.

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 MIT113: Mathematics – Statistics

 Mathematics: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction
-Elements of algebra and trigonometry, reminders of algebra: inequality unto the
absolute values unto the Intervals unto equations and inequalities unto the coordinate
system unto analytical representation and graphical representation unto symmetry of
the Curves unto circles unto straight. Reminder of trigonometry: General unto
trigonometric functions unto identities.
2. Numerical Functions of real variable 1èere part
-General, Definitions, properties of functions: party to increase function or decreasing
unto periodic function. Operations on the functions: Sum unto Difference unto product
unto the quotient unto composition of functions unto reciprocal functions. The main
algebraic functions: ongoing functions unto linear functions unto Functions whole
powers and rational unto the functions Polynomials unto rational fractions
unto irrational functions.
3. Numerical Functions of real variable - 2e PART
- Transcendent function and their reciprocal.
o Trigonometric Functions Basic: sinus functions, cosinus, tangents and
their inverses,
o Trigonometric Function reciprocal: Arcos functions(x), arsin(x), arc
Tg(x), o logarithmic function and exponential: Definitions unto Loga
function(x), ax, ln(x), ex,
o Logarithmic calculation - Equations exponential and logarithmic;

5. Limits and continuity o Limits:

Definitions unto finite limits and infinite unto limit to the left unto limit to the right unto
the calculation techniques of limits to forms undetermined.
- continuity: Definitions unto continuity to the left unto continuity to the right unto
on an interval discontinuities unto theorem about continuity.
- bypass Definition: derived by a point unto derived to the left unto derived right
unto derived function.
- Research of the derived functions: logarithmic derivative unto increase and
differential.
6. Applications of the derivative.
- Theorem relating to the functions derivable unto study of the first derivative (direction
of variation of a function, maxima and minima, tangents) unto study of the second
derivative (points of inflection, concavity) unto asymptotes, comprehensive studies of
functions of one real variable unto optimization problems and put in equation unto
methods of Newton.
7. Primitivation

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- Primitive Function unto methods of primitivation (by decomposition, by the parties, by
change of variable) unto specific method (expression irrational, rational fractions of
trigonometric expression).
8. Integration
- Definition of the integral unto properties of the ultimate (formula of the average,
sharing of the interval of integration) unto Relationship Between primitives and integrals
unto calculations of areas (flat surfaces, integrals convergent or divergent).
Calculations of volumes (via the circular discs, via the cylindrical tubes)
9. Differential Equations
- Definitions unto differential equations of the first order (of the type y' = Φ(x), to
separable variables, homogeneous, linear). Differential equations of the second order
(of the type y'' = Φ(x), linear with constant coefficients).
10. Limited development of f(x)
- Formulas of Taylor and Mac Laurin unto Development of f(x) Following the powers of
x unto development of NUS (x), cos (x), arc NUS (x), arc cos(x), arc Tg(x), ln (1+x), ex,
Applications.

 Statistics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Initiation to the bases of the inferential statistics
2. Descriptive statistics
3. Concept of probability, conditional probability
4. The main laws of chance
5. Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis tests in large samples

MIT114: Radiology Anatomy

 Radiology Anatomy: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

The course of Radiological anatomy is based on the basic course of human Anatomy-
Physiology. For each structure described in the basic course, supplements of anatomy
description useful for understanding the radiological image, to the positioning of the
patient or to the execution of specific maneuvers are made. Throughout these
presentations, a particular effort is devoted to the understanding of the spatial
configuration of the organs and structures described. Few marks of anatomy
palpatoire are explained, so as to allow the correct positioning of the patient during
the radiological examinations. These marks are shown concretely through exercise
sessions of anatomy palpatoire, during which the students practice the a on the other
the identification of structures accessible to the palpitation. For each body and
structure, the image obtained in conventional radiology according to the implications
of the most traditional is described. Each time there is a place, the images recorded
by means of other techniques 'ultrasound, angiography, NMR, scintigraphy,…) are also
explained. The iconographic documents are viewed, so static or dynamic sequences
depending on the case, in the course of practical exercises conducted on computer

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screen. After examination by the students themselves, clichés and sequences are
projected on the big screen and are discussed under the direction of professor.

MIT115: Physical radiation of magnetic resonance of the Ultrasound and

nuclear physics, General anatomy and physiology

 Physical radiation of magnetic resonance of the Ultrasound and nuclear

physics: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction on the ionizing radiation

2. The X-RAYS
-Production of RX unto tube to RX - spectrum characteristic - Braking unto RX of high
energy unto quality of the radiation X unto mitigation of RX.

3. The radiation ionizations in Nuclear Medicine

-Constitution and dimension of the atomic nucleus unto classification and the
properties of the particles unto the nuclear forces unto Default of mass and energy
liaison of the nuclei unto natural and artificial radioactivity unto radioactive
disintegration unto Diagrams of radioactive families unto Artificial Nuclear Reactions
unto artificial radioactivity.
4. Interactions of ionizing radiation with matter
-Radiation directly and indirectly ionizing radiation unto the general aspect of the
interaction between 2 charged particles unto linear energy transfer (TEL) unto linear
density of ionization (DLI) unto interaction between electrons unto Contents unto
Interaction heavy charged particles unto Contents unto neutron Interaction unto
matter unto photon interaction unto matter linear absorption of photons.
5. Ultrasound
-The vibrations unto the airwaves Acoustic unto nature of its unto speed of sound unto
acoustic pressure unto Energy, power, PFD and acoustic intensity transported unto the
propagation of sound unto mitigation of its- Doppler Effect: fixed transmitter, mobile
receiver unto mobile transmitter fixed receiver unto reflection of a wave on a moving
barrier
- Ultrasound unto Definition Production unto unto explanation of the Piezo-electric
effect unto Diagnostic Applications of us unto therapeutic action of the US.
6. Nuclear magnetic resonance or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Magnetic moments and their behavior in a magnetic field- classic appearance
and quantum.
- The basic principle of the MRI - time in MRI - the fields in MRI -behavior in
magnetic moments in the magnetic fields.
- Magnetic Resonance - Action of the rotating field or the electromagnetic
wave equivalent relaxation - NMR signal,
- Spatial localization - coding of the space by the frequency - First coding or
selection of a cut - Locating a point on a cut

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 - Sequences of excitation used in imaging.

 Anatomy and Physiology general: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Osteology and arthrology
2. Neuro-anatomy and neurophysiology
3. Myology
4. Heart and blood vessels
5. Blood
6. Respiratory System
7. Digestive System
8. Immune System
9. Endocrine glands
10. Urinary system
11. The genital system (male and female)
12. Pregnancy
13. Growth
14. Senescence
MIT116: Clinical Internship (Immersion)
 Clinical Internship (Immersion)

MIT117: Methods of Work -Bilingual Training 1 - Techniques of

Information and Communication 1
 Methods of work: 1 credit (15hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts: Method, methodology, will, intelligence,

knowledge, namely, organization, ability, memory, concentration
2. Symptom of a poor organization - the organization of the office
3. The management of the time - Synthesis and note taking
4. Preparation of the body for optimal learning: the power supply, relaxation,
rest, physical and psychical
5. The organization of the work - the work environment
6. Reading: typologies, the taking of notes
7. Preparation for the review - the process of resolution of problems

 Bilingual training 1: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

French expression
1. Form of words in French
 Prefix,
 Radical;
 Root, suffix.
2. Explanation of words and group of words

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 3. Morphosyntax and rhetoric
 Components and structure of the sentence:
- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Composed sentence.
 Figures of style:
- Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.
4. Administrative and professional correspondence
 The different parts of a administrative correspondence and the
administrative style;
 Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).
5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance
 Application for employment;
 CV;
 Letter of motivation.
6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
 French composition: Reminder methodological and implementation;
 Contraction of text: methodological reminder and application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
 Identification of the factors in the situation of communication
(transmitter, receiver, code, channel, message, context);
 Situation of communication and verbal interactions;
 Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic, proxemics, MIMO-
gestural, etc.;
 Identification and handling of figures of expression and thought
metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.); etc.
8. Oral communication

 English Expression:

Introduction - Course Content - Syllabus - Importance of English - Style in

Business Writing - punctuation; capitalization - abbreviations.
The shares of Speech - Verbs - Question Words - Methodology: - of asking and
answering questions

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Economic Activities - Sectors of activity - Commerce and Trade Channels of
distribution - Essay writing -specialized shops - active voice and passive voice - direct
and indirect speech.
 Techniques of Information and the communication I: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P,
SPW

1. Concepts and architecture of computers

2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. The devices (printers, scanner, …)
7. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word

MIT121: Psychology and Relationship of Assistance - General Hygiene

 Psychology and relationship of assistance: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The experiences of Milgram

2. The relationship of care
3. Reflection: culture disease
4. The relationship of assistance
5. Brief overview of psychopathology
6. The death, mourning and the techno-scientific
 General hygiene and hospitable: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. General, Definitions, epidemiology, Flores, germs, commensals, pathogens

resistors, transmission route, Methods of Prevention
2. Antisepsis and disinfection, definitions, general principles, the main families
of antiseptics and disinfectants, main indications and applications
3. Sterilization and single-use material, definitions and general principles,
technical concepts, new technologies: Advantages and Limits, single-use
material benefits and limitations, European legislation
4. Asepsis, general principles, prevention of infections, from the surgical site,
urinary, related to the catheters, respiratory
5. Prevention of cross-transmission of infections, precautions standards,
hygiene of hands, different types of insulation, objectives, practical
achievements, surveillance, protective insulation
6. Hygiene of general services, waste management, maintenance of linen
7. Architecture, Design, situation in the hospital, ventilation, organization of
own circuits and sales, materials of completion

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MIT122: Care Techniques - Nursing - First Aid I, relationship,
communication with the patient, Epidemiology

 Techniques of care - Nursing - First Aid I: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Need to Move (manipulation of the bed, mobilization of the patient in
bed and out of bed, position of the latter, surveillance and treatment of
bedsores)
2. Need to eliminate (elimination digestive - establishment of the bowl of
bed, enemas, levies, care in case of diarrhea and constipation unto
urinary disposals unto observation of the bladder drainage continuous,
change of the bag collector or draining).
3. Need for clothing (dressing and stripping of the patient with apparatus)
4. Need to be clean (partial toilet or washboil)
5. Need to breathe (oxygen therapy or aerosoltherapy)
6. Need to Feed (installation of the patient for the meal, help to power,
observation of dehydration, nausea, vomiting)
7. Methods of investigations (statement of the temperature, blood pressure
and pulsations)
8. Monitoring (a patient plastered, post-operative, under infusion, of
operative wound). Monitoring and knowledge of the symptom of shock
9. Administration of Drugs (per-os, intramuscular, subcutaneous insulin-and
anti coagulants). Dilution of a drug in an infusion
10. Taking of blood and blood glucose levels at the end of the Finger
11. Dressing of a simple wound
 Communication Relationship with the patient: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Starting question: impact of the Universe hyper technicisé of medical

imaging on the human relationship with the patient
2. The rights of the Sick
3. The expectations of the patient
4. The home of the patient
5. The information for the patient
6. The most fragile patients
7. The assertiveness and interactions, relational
8. Reflection on the Exercise of the profession
 Epidemiology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition and generalities of epidemiology
2. Approaches in epidemiology
3. Interest of the epidemiology
4. The frequency measures of health PWnomena
5. Extent of morbidity and mortality
6. Epidemiological Tripod: the epidemiological chain
7. Epidemiological investigations and measures of association

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 8. Fight against an epidemic
9. Notions of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values
10. General prophylaxis of communicable diseases
11. Epidemiological surveillance and the PWnomena of mass.

MIT123: Radiation Protection and Biological Effects of Radiation

 Radiation and biological effects of radiation: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T,P,

SPW
1. Introduction to the dangers of ionizing radiation and to the protection
against ionizing radiation
Agencies at the origin of the Regulations - the international

recommendations - Community legislation - reminders on ionizing
radiation and on their interactions with matter - the protection against
ionizing radiation.
2. The quantities and units used in radiation protection

Types of exhibitions - radiation field, fluence, fluence rate - Energie


transferred, disseminated, absorbed - Kerma - absorbed dose -
relationship between the Dosimetric Quantities - equivalent dose -
Effective Dose - committed equivalent dose - the committed effective
dose -concepts of collective dose.
3. The Radio external exposure

Measurement of the external exposure - protection against external


exposure - the radioactive contamination - Contamination of the
Environment - Contamination of places of work - dermal
contamination.
4. The radio internal exposure

Quantification of the internal exposure - protection against the internal


exposure - internal contamination.
5. The detection of ionizing radiation

 Used dosimeters in radiation protection - General Principles - principle of

Individual dosimeters.

6. The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation

The physical interactions - the Radiochemical reactions - the molecular

lesions - the mechanisms of molecular lesions - the nature of the
molecular lesions - the cellular damage - cell death - neoplastic
transformation - hereditary effects - factors of cellular radiosensitivity -
the tissue injury - the pathological effects of ionizing radiation in humans
The deterministic effects - the stochastic effects.
7. The inventory of human exposures

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 The Human Exposure of natural origin - the medical exposure - the

exposure due to the nuclear test explosions. The exposure of industrial
origin - the exposure of domestic origin - the incidents and accidents of
exposure - the accidents of large scope - the incidents and accidents
of restricted scope - the contention of the accidents.
8. The legislation

MIT124:Ergonomics, General description of the devices and technology

 Ergonomics: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

• First part:
1. The manual taken;
2. The positions of the patient;
3. The maneuvers of handling;
4. Flipping and side to side movement;
5. Enhancement, transfer: "Wheelchair stretcher";
6. The chronology of the maneuvers of handling;
7. The material aid.
• Second part:

 General description of the devices and technology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P,

SPW

1. Part 1: Techniques using ionizing radiation (Rx, gamma radiation).

2. Part 2: Techniques without ionizing radiation (MRI).

MIT125:Work practices of chemistry, microbiology, physics and electricity

 The work practices of chemistry: 1.5 credits (22.5 hours); L, T, P, SPW

 Work microbiology practices: 1.5 credits (22.5 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Practical work physics and electricity: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

MIT126:Internship Dosimetry and ultrasound Internship

 Dosimetry internship: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

The reviews relate to different stages of the treatment in radiotherapy:
1. Know the different stages of processing;
2. Perform the quality control and the treatment plan in 2D and 3D ;
3. Illustrate the physical principles and the indices of quality and safety seen
during the course.
 Ultrasound internship: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
Discover and know the role of the technologist in ultrasound and ultrasound Doppler:
1. Put into practice the bases of the ultrasound and the physics of
ultrasound;

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 2. Know the equipment used;
3. Type of equipment (ultrasound, vascular ultrasound);
4. Settings (The types);
5. Equipment Annex (consoles of viewing and archiving); - the imaging
systems of reproduction (paper, films).
6. Know the techniques of examinations to know:
7. The different examinations performed;
8. The main indications (most common);
9. The different preparations;
10. Information to patients;
11. Learn how to prepare and have the patients for routine examinations;
12. Observe the various parameters, settings and necessary probes to
ultrasound Explorations (what frequencies used and why);
13. Recognize on the images obtained the hasnormalnatomie of
pathological anatomy.

MIT127: French - Medical English I

 French - Medical English I: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Grammar (identification for different partof speech, construction of tenses

concords)
2. Anatomy (naming of body parts especially the reproductive system)
3. Construction of medical terms (medical terminology including priority
health program, and their nomenclature in both language)
4. Translation of documents
5. Description of the health structure and component in both language
 Naming of instruments used in the hospital;
 Identification of personnel in the hospital (categories);
 Units and departments of the hospital.

MIT231: Radio pharmacology and product of contrast, nuclear medicine and

Radiochemistry

 Pharmacology radio and product of contrast: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Basic Concepts of Pharmacology;

2. Pharmacology;
3. Pharmacokinetics and toxicology;
4. Products of X-ray contrast, US, NMR;
5. Pharmacy radio: Radioactive kinetic, interactions matter and living,
radiobiology, radio toxicology, radiochemistry, radio pharmacy and
special general including insurance and quality control.

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  Nuclear Medicine and Radiochemistry : 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1st part: Apparatus in Nuclear Medicine
1. Reminders of physical principles;
2. Performance of the equipment;
3. Modality of use;
4. Quality checks;
5. Demonstration.
2nd part: The tracers in Nuclear Medicine
1. The main radio-isotopes and indications;
2. Preparation of radio-plotters;
3. Chemical aspects physiological and;
4. Review of the Isotopes used the most.
3rd part: Musculoskeletal System
1. The tracers
1. Implementation of the review and positioning;
2. Interpretation;
3. The main indications;
4. EndocrinePathologies, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal gland, uronephrologic
system genital and;
5. General principles of the Examinations uronephrologic;
6. Physiology of plotters.
2. Digestive System
1. Isotopic exploration of the function of gastric emptying;
2. Study of the hepatocyte function and bile;
3. The Respiratory tests;
4. Inflammatory and infectious diseases;
5. Principle of preparation of labeled cells;
6. Imaging and main indication.
3. Anatomy cardio-vascular
1. Principles and method of assessment of myocardial perfusion;
2. Study of the viability;
3. Evaluation of ventricular function.
4. Respiratory System
1. Study of pulmonary perfusion;
2. Study of the pulmonary ventilation.
5. Central Nervous System
1. Study of the Cerebral Perfusion and dynamic test;
2. Introduction to brain receptors;
3. The Principles of therapy per radionuclide;
4. The PET scan-principle and indication in oncology, cardiology and
neurology;
5. Patient preparation and practical realization;

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 6. Introduction to the isotopic techniques (non-PET) used in
oncologiescintimammographie-detection of sentinel node-scintigraphy of
hormone receptors.

MIT232 : Radiation- Protection and biological effects of ionizing

radiation, Computer science applied to the imaging I

 Radiation and biological effects of ionizing radiation: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T,

P, SPW
1. Introduction to the dangers of ionizing radiation and to the protection against
ionizing radiation
 Agencies to the origin of the Regulations unto the international
recommendations e Community legislation unto reminders on ionizing
radiation and on their interactions with matter unto the protection against
ionizing radiation.
2. The quantities and units used in radiation protection
 Types of exhibitions unto radiation field, fluence, fluence rate unto Energie
transferred, disseminated, absorbed unto Kerma unto absorbed dose unto
relationship between the Dosimetric Quantities unto equivalent dose unto
Effective Dose unto committed equivalent dose unto the committed
effective dose unto concept of collective dose.
3. The Radio external exposure
 Measurement of the external exposure unto protection against external
exposure unto the radioactive contamination unto Contamination of the
Environment unto Contamination of places of work unto dermal
contamination.
4. The radio internal exposure
 Quantification of the internal exposure unto protection against the internal
exposure unto internal contamination.
5. The detection of ionizing radiation
 Used dosimeters in radiation protection unto General Principles unto
principle of Individual dosimeters.
6. The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
 The physical interactions unto the Radiochemical reactions unto the
molecular lesions unto the mechanisms of molecular lesions unto the nature
of the molecular lesions unto the cellular damage unto cell death unto
neoplastic transformation unto hereditary effects unto factors of cellular
radiosensitivity unto the tissue injury unto the pathological effects of ionizing
radiation in humans The deterministic effects unto the stochastic effects.
7. The inventory of human exposures
 The Human Exposure of natural origin unto the medical exposure unto the
exposure due to the nuclear test explosions. The exposure of industrial origin
unto the exposure of domestic origin unto the incidents and accidents of

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 exposure unto the accidents of large scope unto the incidents and
accidents of restricted scope unto the contention of the accidents.
8. The legislation
 Computer science applied to the imaging I: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. General Presentation and history
2. The user (login, password)
3. The file system (tree, path, handling)
4. The protection of files
5. A text editor (vi)
6. The shells of command
7. The redirection
8. The tubes of communication

MIT233: Techniques of positioning and training of images I

 Techniques of positioning and training of images I: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, P, SPW

Ultrasound and Doppler, gyneco (IM2TECDOGY)
Emergencies, chest, ends (IM2 TUrThEx)
Abdomen, Uro-Hepato, Gastro, cardio, Brain - Neck (IM2TAUHGCC)
1. Ultrasound imaging and Doppler
2. Theoretical bases on the acquisition of information and the training of the image
accompanied by illustrations
3. Emergency action to be taken by the technologist in Imaging respond to
emergencies: Supported adapted to the patient, realization of the balance sheet
imaging with speed and efficiency, monitoring of vital signs, choice of supervisor,
limits of its actions on the ground and commitment of its responsibility
4. UroHepato strategies of exams Rx us - CT and MR in the urologic pathology and
hepatic, illustrated by the most common illnesses in these areas gastrotechniques,
products of contrast and drugs used for the achievement of the conventional
radiology of hypo pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, of the small intestine,
and Colon
5. Application of basic pathologies
6. Gyneco HysteroSalpingographie, radiological examination consisting of the
opacification of the genital tract women (uterus and fallopian tubes) - Breast
Health or breast imaging:
7. Achievement of a standard review of mammography. After a few words on the
breast cancer, its factors and risk, its clinical presentation, a description of the
clinical examination, reminder of the indications of the mammographic
examination, the modalities of the achievement of this review are described in
insisting on the technical requirements and the quality criteria

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8. Realization of additional shots made in mammography with description of the
technical realization of these different incidence (snapshot rolled, profile,
expansion, compressive centered, etc.)
9. The interest of the other reviews senologiques (ultrasound, scanner and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging)
10. Adaptation of the examination to some special clinical circumstances, requiring
dose modifications, the realization of clichés individuals (within inflammatory,
follow-up after treatment of breast cancer, followed after establishment of
prostheses, exploration in humans)
11. In Interventional breast health with a description of the different modalities,
information on the equipment, the technical realization under ultrasound control or
mammography and the technical realization under ultrasound control or
mammography and the indications (cytoponction to the fine needle, gaseous
kystographie, micro-biopsy, macro-biopsy, cutaneous Levy, scrapping and punch
biopsy, tracking galactogrophie pre-surgical, x-ray and ultrasound of exhibit
operative)
12. Technical chest of the x-ray and thoracic standard. Indications for the
achievement of the standard radiography of the thorax. Notions of chest
pathology

MIT234:Recording techniques, processing and printing of images1

(IM2TRTLM1)

 Treatment of Image 1: theoretical and practical aspects: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T,

P, SPW
1- Photometry
 Definition of the different quantities photometric: luminous power, light
intensity, luminance, illumination and exposure; - difference and links
between these sizes; - use of each magnitude.
2- Principle of photography by Radius X
3- The characteristics of the films contrast and gamma, grain and granularity,
sharpness and acutance, resolution and curve MTF (Modulation Transfer
Function), sensitivity and sensitometric curve
4- Composition of films for RX. Relationship between the composition of the
film and its characteristics
5- The different stages of development of the films for RX. The role of different
parameters of development: temperature of the baths, duration of
development, etc.
6- Sensitometric curve : sailing, characteristics of an emulsion under- or over-
exposed
7- The intensifying screens
8- The different types of screen-film combination

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 What torque to choose for what use? (Lung radios, the trunk, extremities, etc.).
The practical part consists of:
 The use of a software image manipulation (GIMP);
 The implementation in practice of the concepts studied in the first part.
 Treatment of Image 2: theoretical and practical aspects: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T,
P, SPW

1- The models of colors

 The RGB (Red Green Blue);
 CMY (cyan magneta yellow);
 YcbCr;
 HSV.
2- The image formats: BMP
 Description of the model;
 Structure of a file;
 Compression.
3- RLE: GIF
 Description of the model;
 Compression Algorithm, and LZW decompression;
 Structure of a GIF file;
 JPEG;
 Principle of the Encoding sampling and model of colors;
 cosinetransform discreet;
 Quantification.
4- Coding of Huffman: PNG
 Description of the model;
 Algorithm for compression and decompression LZ77: comparison
between the different formats.
NB: Each of the chapters is illustrated by practical exercises and complete by
achievement of a work of synthesis on the different formats of images.
 Scanner: 1 credit (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Principles of bases and sequential scanner

2. Helical scanner mono and multi strips
3. The quality factors of the image
4. Post processing of images
5. Strategies for the acquisition and use of the products of contrast

MIT235:Hospital management

 Hospital management: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Health Organization in Cameroon

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  Mission of Health training on the national territory: health center, district
hospitals, hospitals, central and regional, general hospitals, CHU, private
hospitals and clinics laity and confessional, liberal medicine;
 Hospital reform, interrelation with national organizations that contribute to
the health and the fight against poverty (other government departments,
donors, international organizations, NGOS, associations).

2. Organization of health training, public and private

 Legislation which applies to health training;
 Economic and Financial Management;
 Workforce management Workforce management, staff and the
continuous training;
 Management of care and drugs.

MIT236:Internship MRI and MRI Ability

 MRI internship and MRIAbility: 4 appropriations (60 hours); P, SPW

1. Understand (in collaboration with the TRM or the doctor radiologist) the
statement of the request for review:
2. Accommodate the patient and the support, explain the conduct of the
review and highlight the against-possible indications to the review
(essential);
3. Prepare equipment (antenna, containment,…) and argue the choice;
4. Put a infusion and inject the gadolinium by this infusion, choose the
protocol of the review;
5. Install the patient depending on the protocol chosen (ensure respect for
his person as well as to its comfort);
6. Practice routine examinations and learn to manage a program of patient;
7. Position the slices on the topogram and perform the necessary changes
as a function of the structure sought (number of slices, thickness,
dimensions, orientation, pre-saturation) and launch a sequence;
8. Apply all the principles of resonance acquired previously;
9. Recognize the main sequences used (ES/EG/IR/fast imaging);
10. Recognize the weighted images in T1 and T2;
11. Identify the key artifacts encountered (flows, movements …);
12. Best optimize the parameters of acquisition (acquisition time, matrix,
resolution);
13. Choose the correct Windows In contrast of images provided to the
radiologist;
14. Recognize on the images obtained, the normal anatomy of the
Pathological Anatomy;

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 15. Take in hand of patients unstable and work in a quick way and
effectiveness (AVC, patient of intensive care).

MIT237: Information andCommunication Technologies II and Civic

Education and Ethics

 Information and Communication TechnologiesII: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel

2. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint
3. Study of a software for the creation and querying databases (Microsoft
Access).

 Civic Education and Ethics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

Presentation of concepts:
 The citizen;
 The Nation;
 The State;
 Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
 The freedoms;
 The public service;
 Ethics;
 Ethics, Law and reason;
 Ethical Problem ;
 Ethics and management.
 Civics
 Deontology
 Moral consciousness
 The universal declaration of Human Rights
 Good governance in public services
 The importance of civics to the life of the nation
 Functions of the state and its citizens
 Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
 Relationship between morality, law and ethics
 Codes of ethics

MIT241: General pathologies - Hematology

 General pathologies: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction: The mechanism of the disease, clinical examination,

diagnostic value of the tests, Epidemiology
2. The water and electrolytes, acid-base balance
3. The disorders of the renal function

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 4. The cardiovascular system
5. The respiratory pathologies
6. General principles of oncology
7. The hematology
8. The Musculoskeletal System, rheumatology and traumatology
9. Endocrinology
10. Gastro-enterology, including diseases of the liver and gall bladder
11. Elements of clinical neurology

 Haematology: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

First part: Elements of Hematology
1. Peripheral blood
2. Composition
3. Haematological cells: description, role, duration of life, apoptosis,
4. Parameters of the blood cell count,
5. Hematopoietic organs and Associates
6. Marrow, thymus, Ganglia, lymphoid formations
7. Hematopoiesis
8. Transport of blood cells
9. Blood circulation,
10. Lymph circulation
11. Hemostasis
12. Immunohematology
13. Blood groups,
14. Application: Transfusion, tests pre transfusion.
Second part: diseases of the blood and medical imaging
1. Lymphoma
2. Myeloma
3. Thromboembolic disease
4. Infection: detection of infectious homes
5. Disease of the erythrocytes
6. Iron metabolism

MIT242:Techniques of care - Nursing - First Aid II

 Technical of care - Nursing - First Aid II: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
Introduction
1. The design of health and disease;
2. The Nursing;
3. Approach to a patient in its entirety.
1. Hospital hygiene
 Definition;
 Mechanism of infection; - Hygiene of the staff.

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2. Handling of Patients
 Definition;
 How to address the handling;
 The main techniques of handling used in a radiology service,
 Incidents, complications;
 Risk prevention, protection of the caregiver.
 Pharmacology
3. The Vital Signs
 The temperature is taken;
 The breathing;
 The extent of the arterial pulse;
 The measurement of the blood pressure.
4. The achievement of dressings
 The Bandage simple;
 The drainage of wounds and the dressing of in drain.
5. The intravenous fluids
 The puncture of blood and blood sampling;
 Placement of a track of entry periPWral venous;
 The preparation of infusions and the manipulations of drugs;
 The withdrawal of the infusion;
 The track central venous;
 The puncture of a port to cath with injection of drugs;
 The withdrawal of the needle placed in a port-a-Cath.
6. The administration of medication in intramuscular injection
 Definition;
 The location of the site of injection;
 The technical equipment;
 The complications, incidents.
7. The administration of medication subcutaneously
 Definition;
 The location of the site of injection;
 The Hardware
 Technique;
 The complications, incidents.

8. The rectal probe and the enema

 Definition;
 Elements to be taken into consideration for the administration of an
enema
 The hardware;
 Technique;

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  The complications, incidents.
9. The Oxygen Therapy
10. Acts of assistance when handling interventional techniques
 The preparation;
 The conduct of the review.
11. Management and Small maintenance of equipment, apparatus and products
12. Other types of equipment and definition of terms
13. Emergencies and reanimations
 The respiratory arrest,
 Cardio-respiratory arrest or ARCA,
 The anaphylactic shock,
Conclusion

MIT243:Community Health, Computer Science applied to the Imaging II

 Community health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts: health, community, community health, public
health, community diagnosis, community participation, health
development, relationship between health and development
2. Concepts on the promotion of health
3. Notions of needs and problems of public health
4. Concept of request/ supply of health care
5. Analysis of individual needs and the community
6. Study of the Determinants
7. Establishment of the profile of the community.
8. Methods and tools for data collection
9. Identification of key informants at the local level
10. Identification of priority problems in community health
11. Formulation of objectives
12. Identification of resources
13. Choice of strategies and interventions
14. Analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
15. Formulation of the program of intervention and Budgeting
16. Monitoring and Evaluation
 Computer science applied to the Imaging II: 2 credits (30 hours); L,T, P, SPW

1. Networks and Transmission

2. General introduction to telematics
3. Introduction to communication networks
4. The direct network (leased line)
5. The telephone network
6. The packet-switched network
7. The TCP/IP network

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 8. The network frame-relay
9. The ATM network
10. Concepts of local network
11. The requirements for the transmission of voice
12. The requirements for the transmission of the image fixed;
13. The requirements for the transmission of the moving image
14. The characteristics of the networks
15. The problem of the isochronism
16. Comparison of the networks and their ability to transmit the image DICOM
medical (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) is a standard
used in medical imaging
17. PACS (Picture Archiving Communication System) is an integrated system
of archiving and communication of medical images
18. Presentation of the Telemis software: software for secure distribution of
medical images
19. The medical record
20. The computer through the hospital

MIT244:Quality control in conventional radiology (ISO 9001)

Environemental management system (ISO 14001) and the patient
protection

 Quality Control: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Quality control to the patients:
 H. Michel
 Introduction to a quality approach;
 What is the quality;
 TQM/quality assurance;
 Home and patient satisfaction;
 Inquiry;
 Standards of home;
 Introduction to Quality Control: (quality of the treatment and safety of
the patient)(ISO 9001),
 In radiotherapy;
 In radiology.
2. Quality control In radiotherapy
 S. Vynckier;
 Importance;
 Recommendations;
 Quality control of devices of treatment;
 Quality controls; Mechanical
 Controls of dosimetric qualities;

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  Quality control systems for the planning;
 Quality control of scanners for use in radiotherapy; - dosimetry in vivo.
3. Quality control radiology
 J. Causing;
 Evaluation of doses to the patient;
 Medical exposures;
 The quantities used in patient dosimetry;
 Measurement and Calculation of patient doses;
 Ct scan;
 Barium enema;
 Interventional chest;
 Optimization of the dose to the patient;
 Reference level;
 Factors of optimization;
 Optimization of the dose and the quality of the image;
 Quality control.
4. The quality assurance
5. Legal aspect of quality control
6. Quality control in mammography
7. Criteria of Quality of image,
8. Criteria for acceptability of facilities
9. Environemental management system (ISO 14001)
10. The patient protection

MIT245:Education for the health and life cycle

 Education for Health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Context and Problem of education for the health
2. Definition of certain general concepts related to education for health
3. The communication process
 The barriers to communication;
 The channels of communications;
 The principles of good communication;
 Types of communication.
4. Techniques and strategies of communication
5. Objectives, goals and priorities of the Education for the health
6. Basic principles, levels of intervention of the communication
7. Methods : presentations, meetings, role play, case study, demonstration,
etc. their classification, criteria of choice
8. Means used in education for health: their classification, criteria of choice
9. Group Dynamics: JOHARI Window
10. Organization of an educational talk and its stages
11. Organization of a home visit is its steps

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 12. Layout of Tables during the sessions of the animation.
 Life Cycle: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction: embryological Terms
2. Initial stages
3. Gamete
 1St week of development;
 2th week of development (the embryo didermique);
 3th week of development (the trilaminar embryo).

4. Embryonic period (the 4th week at the 7th week)

5. Organogenesis and elements of teratology
6. Introduction to the growth and development
7. Prenatal stages, neonatal, childhood, adolescence and senescence
8. Human Genetics
9. Inheritance and Counselling
10. The reproductive system of male and female infertility, male and female,
mammary glands and lactation

MIT246: Nuclear Medicine Internship, Internship scanner and scanner

Ability

 Nuclear medicine Internship and internship scanner and scanner ability: 6

credits (90 hours); P, SPW
Preparation of the review:
1. Organize the unfolding of the working day
2. Search for the radiological data of the patient (comparative, reports,…)
3. Choose the protocol of the review
4. Perform the settings machines in function of the examination to be carried
out and the Protocol choice,
5. Check the facilities of emergencies in ensuring their proper functioning
6. Prepare the product of contrast and the Inject when this is necessary
7. Quote the emergency medicines and pharmaceutical products surge
capacity in explaining their function and dosage
8. With the patient ask a track venous and prepare an infusion. In the course
of the review:
9. Perform only the examinations regularly practiced in the service
10. Select and adjust the parameters of use and acquisition of each of the
devices used;
11. Adapt in function of the conduct of the examination (technical choices,
choice of medical equipment, attitude toward the patient…)
12. Choose the hardware correctly for single use, the use of economic manner
and handle in sterile way

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MIT247: Initiation to Research, GeneralEconomics

 Initiation to research: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction to the search

2. Approach of the research: construction of a hypothesis, experimentation,
validation, conclusion
3. Implementation of a research protocol
4. Bibliographical research
5. Ethics in Health Research
6. Critical reading of scientific articles
7. Drafting and scientific presentation
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports
9. Case practice: drafting of protocols of research
 Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review,
formulating the problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing
the questions according to general and specific objectives; is developing a
testable hypothesis to achieve the objectives for quantitative research
selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical considerations; Work plan: personnel;
timetable project administration; Plans for dissemination.
 Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring
instruments (reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers;
quality control of measurements; computerization, checking and validating,
measurements; the issue of missing observations, statistical summarization of
information; testing of hypothesis.
 Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.
 General Economics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. International economic relations

 Areas of economic exchanges;
 Specialization and international trade;
 International payment;
 Construction.
2. The economic policies
 The objectives: growth, employment, prices, external trade;
 The means: Policies fiscal, monetary, industrial and employment policy and
training.
3. Economic circuit and national accounting
 Institutional Sectors, flow accounts, table (table of the whole economic
activity, table input/ ouput, table of financial operations), aggregates and
ratios.
4. Evolution of the final consumption, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and savings.

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MIT351:Family planning, maternal and child health

 Family Planning (PF): 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Integration of the PF in the SSP

2. Nutritional surveillance of the mother and of the Child
3. Policy of breastfeeding
4. The standards of services of maternal and child health (MCH)
 Intrapartum Care: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Home and installation of the Nursing mother

2. Preparation of equipment
3. Monitoring the work (partogramme)
4. Normal issuance
 Post-partum care to: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Care of the mother: vulva, perineum, breasts

2. Monitoring of the parameters and the risk of posPHartum

 Care of new-born: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Immediate care: liberation of the respiratory tract, eyes, umbilical cord,

toilet
2. Search for Obvious malformations
 Breast-feeding: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Within the new-born

2. Lactogenesis
3. Maintenance of the lactation
4. Benefits and contraindications to breastfeeding
 Artificial feeding: 0.5 credit (7.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Disadvantages of breast milk substitutes

2. Food diagram, withdrawal, ablactation
3. At the time of taking care of a Nursing mother, the nurse directs its actions
on the IEC around the food hygiene, the rest of the mother and the home
to the new-born
 Gynecological Care: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

 Care are specific to gynecological pathologies, it is:

 The care pre and post operative of the gynecological surgery Breast and;
 Of the IEC, which will be oriented on the sexual education and on the risks
of infertilities, after the gynecological infections neglected.

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MIT352 : Techniques of image position: Radio-conventional, Dosimetry, MRI
– Pediatrics

 MRI - Pediatrics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

Practical modalities of realization of a MRI examination relative contraindications

and absolute, preparation of the patient; choice of hardware (antennas,
containment,…) Programming sequences and manipulation of the console,
reproduction, reconstruction and archiving of images. The Artifacts Arts facts
related to the patient artifact related to magnetic field, artifact related to
calculation of the image; interpretation of the signal and the contrast in the IRL; List
of Entities causing a high signal e, TI List of Entities causing a high signal in T2, list of
years causing a low signal in MRI contrast products in MRI. What product to use;
presentation of the different reviews in MRI modality and preparation MRI of the
brain RM spine MRI; Angio member cardiac MRI MRI abdomen, MRI pediatric;
quality of the MRI image; influence of the receiving equipment; influence of
geometric parameters influenced the parameters of pulse.

 Clinical MRI (IM2TECHTRM): 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

Sequences of pulses and weights, filling the space-k, acquisition parameters and
quality imaging, MRI angiography, diffusion imaging and infusion, functional
imaging (bold), Spectroscopy.
 Os and Positioning (IM2TECHRDC): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

Technique of correct positioning of the patient for each impact, implementation

adequate place of the equipment for the realization of the snapshot (TABLE, TUBE,
filters, collimation, chair or stretcher). Approach In free tube and on remote-
controlled table. Handling of the patient for the dynamic tests.Measures of
radiation protection for the patient and the technologist.Study of the imagery of
reference to identify the criteria for success.
Positioning
This course of practice positioning refers strictly to the theoretical course.

MIT353: Special pathologies Pediatric – ENT

 Special pathologies pediatric - ENT: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Pediatrics Neonatology
 Intrauterine life;
 The adaptation to the extrauterine life;
 The common ailments of the neonatal period; - Breastfeeding;
 The pain in the child.

2. The pathologies of the infant and the child

 Elements of pediatric gastroenterology;
 Spitting up and vomiting;

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  Tears of the infant;
 Abdominal pain acute of the child;
 Evaluation of the dehydration;
 Hirschsprung disease;
 Accidental ingestion of caustic soda;
 Mérycisme and anorexia;
 Celiac disease;
 Cystic Fibrosis;
 Intolerance to lactose ;
 Cow's milk protein allergy.
3. Infectious pathologies in the child
 The acute fever in children;
 The rash illnesses of the child;
 Meningococcemia;
 The other contagious diseases of childhood;
 The recommendations in the area of immunization diagram in the child.

4. The respiratory diseases in children

5. Sudden death and malaise of the infant
6. Nephrourology Pediatric
7. Haematological disorders
8. ENT.

MIT354: Special Gynecological and Neurological Pathologies

 Special neurological Pathologies: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Neurology
 Anatomy elementary neuroradiological;
 Traumatic pathology, tumor cells, inflammatory and infectious diseases,
vascular disease (including malformations) of the brain ;
 Traumatic pathologies, degenerative, metastatic and of the Bone
Spine;
 Semiology of basis of the spinal cord.
 Special gynecological Pathologies: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Gynecology :
 Summary of the theoretical and practical knowledge;
 Clinical cases concrete and algorithms of reflection diagnostic and
therapeutic treatment.

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MIT355:Computer science applied to the Imaging III

 Computer science applied to the Imaging III: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T,

P, SPW
1. Extension of the concept of signal to images
 General information on the major medical imagers;
 Main characteristics of medical images.

2. Introduction to the treatment of medical images

 The methods of filtration;
 Elements of Mathematical Morphology;
 Analyzes and segmentation.

3. The Algorithms for viewing

 Visualization of surfaces;
 Display of volumes;
 Animations.
4. Computer implementation
 Introduction to the coding and the transmission;
 Software integration.

5. Applications
Imaging to two dimensions;
 Imaging to three dimensions for the theoretical part, students participate in
the course given to Louvain la Neuve in the framework of the license in
medical biology.
 Practical exercises in direct link with the concepts views to the theoretical
courses are offered to students, they are to perform different treatments on
medical images anatomical and functional.

MIT356: Conventional ImagingInternship

 Conventional imaging Internship: 4 appropriations (60 hours); P, SPW

1. Understand the conventional imaging and its different aspects to the sides
of the diagnostic imaging (vascular, digestive, urologic, biopsies)
2. Describe the examinations performed
3. Accommodate the patient and the support according to the rules of
professional ethics and explain the conduct of the review by providing the
necessary information to the patient and his entourage
4. Install the patient depending on the protocol chosen (respect for the
person and its comfort), perform several acts nurses (tables and sterile
fields, hygiene, establishment of a infusion)

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 5. Define the protocol of the review and the modulate in function of a
possible specific request
6. Provide in a sterile manner, the equipment requested by the radiologist,
meet the requirements desired by the Radiologist (in the course of the
intervention)
7. Be familiar with the different catheters, bloating and introducers used their
dimensions
8. Maintain a follow-up contact with the patient during the examination, in
order to ensure its monitoring and, to the need to reassure
9. Respect and ensure respect for the rules of safety and radiation protection
10. Perform the acquisition of images
11. Recognize on the images obtained the normal anatomy of the
Pathological Anatomy;
12. Identify the key artifacts encountered
13. Interested in the Principle of operation of the equipment
14. Check the emergency installations in ensuring their good functional;
Ranger and clean the room after review,
15. Respect the rules of hygiene and eliminate waste in respecting the
environment

MIT357: Medical Law and LegalEnvironment

 Elements of labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. The sources of labor law
2. The work contract
3. Collective labor relations
 The elements of health at work: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. General information
2. Ergonomics of the work station
3. Prevention of work accidents
4. Hygiene of workers and of premises,
5. Medical surveillance of workers - vaccination
6. IEC on the use of protective equipment (rear window, gloves, helmets,
etc.)
7. Fight against alcoholism in the workplace
 Elements of school medicine: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definition and Purpose

2. Medical examinations and school medicine the physical and
psychological
3. The schooling of deficient, the disabled, children in difficulty
4. Control and Prevention of risks in the school environment
5. The school environment

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  Standards for the construction and installation;
 Ergonomics of premises, the sanitary facilities;
 Hygiene of the premises, food hygiene canteens;
 The Infirmary in school environment;
 The IEC in the school environment.

MIT361:Angiography and Interventional Radio and Endoscopy

 Angiography and Interventional Radio: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction radiological anatomy (Reminders), vascular pathology
2. Vascular Radiology
3. Vascular interventional radiology
4. Cardiology
5. Electrophysiology and manipulations
6. Interventional Neuroradiology
7. Interventional radiology non vascular
8. General Conclusions
9. Prospects for the future and critical analysis and invasive imaging non-
invasive, progress in non-invasive imaging of the Heart
10. Future of interventional radiology.

MIT362: Specific right and organization of work

 Specific right and organization of work: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW
First part:
1. Definitions : The law, ethics and ethics
2. The professional secrecy
3. The right and medical imaging
4. The point of view of "users"
5. Carers and cared: pluralism of cultures
6. Analysis of a clinical situation: the modesty

Second part:
1. Structure of the hospital and Organization Chart
2. The traditional theories of organization of work: classical theories, theories
humanists
3. The new forms of work organization
4. The versatility
5. The scheduling of work in a the imaging service
6. Practical organization in medical imaging in the short, medium and long term.
7. Elements of social right

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MIT363: Pediatric Imaging, Dosimetry
 Pediatric Imaging: 2 credits 30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Specific radiation protection and problematic to the pregnant woman

2. Technical and thoracic pathologies and upper airway
3. Techniques and traumatic pathology of the skeleton
4. Technical and digestive diseases
5. Technical and urinary pathologies

 Dosimetry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Description of the different detectors. dosimetric Description of the

dosimetric protocols
2. Description of the methods of planning a treatment therapeutic radio

MIT364: Special ExaminationsInternship and Operating Room

 Special examinations Internship and Operating Room: 5 credits (75 hours); P,

SPW

- Learn to return and to went out of the room of operation;

- Acquire the attitudes required in the district procedure;
- Meet the requirements of aseptic;
- Learn how to contribute to the use of medical imaging techniques in the
course of interventions;
- On the musculoskeletal system (Orthopedics);
- On the digestive system (endocrinology); - on the nervous system
(neurosurgery).
- The reviews relate the techniques of exploration which require very specific
conditions of aseptic and which can higHCMight specific pathologies
thanks to the arthrographie.
- Take charge of all the requirements of aseptic necessary for the
examination; this concerns:
 The preparation of the room and its storage compartment;
 The preparation of the equipment and products used for the review;
 The framework of the patient, preparation for the review, monitoring
and collaboration during the review, referral of the patient after the
review:
 Know and understand the pathologies sought; o know and understand
the basic of objective anomalies visualized.

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MIT365:Emergency imaging internship

 Emergency Imaging of Internship: 5 credits (75 hours); P, SPW

The peculiarity of the x-ray unit of emergencies wishes to its vocation for the reception
of emergencies. The objectives of the content are double:
1. The objectives of Behavior
- Be able to manage the fluctuations of the home of emergencies;
- Managing her stress faced with the problems of the trauma;
- Adapt to situations personal medical the patient; - to cope with the
requirements of the doctor.
2. The objectives of technical capacity
- Carry out the reviews in a manner that it does not start later (delivery of as
good quality as in a service of imaging);
- Ensure a secure job and take account of the measures of radiation
protection (pregnancy of the patient or of the mother);
- Know the special implications of the emergency room (in trauma);
- Know the gradations of procedures according to the state of the patient
and the priorities to grant them.

MIT366:Professional Internship

 Professional Internship: 5 credits (75 hours); P, SPW

1. Arrival and integration in the establishment
2. Working in a company
3. The holding of the Intern journal
4. The choice of the theme of work: in collaboration with mentors
professional academic and
5. Elaboration of the canvas of research
6. The resources to operate
7. The organization of work
8. Drafting of the report
9. Presentation of the report before a jury

MIT367: Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.

Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.

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Health care Ethics
 Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
 Bioethics
 MLS Ethics
 Moral Development
 Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
 Code of Ethics health workers.
 Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights
of The Elderly, Patients Rights
 Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
 Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
 Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
 Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
 Code of ethics.
 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law
Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY

Page 138 of 572

 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Pharmacy Technology

1. The objective of the training

This three-year specialty aims to train highly qualified pharmacy technicians who are
able to participate in the design, manufacture, administration and storage of drugs
under the direction of a pharmacist and provide high quality holistic pharmaceutical
care in various clinical, industrial and academic contexts at the local, national or
international level.

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible and reflective;Be proactive and able to take the initiative;
- Have interpersonal skills;Have organizational skills;
- Have proven trust and confidence;Have critical ability and questioning;
- Develop deontological and professional ethical values;
- Make thoughtful decisions;Compromise and listening skills;
- Have a good profile (dress and appearance);
- Have critical thinking skills;
- Be able to maintain professional and moral standards.
- Master the computer tool and ICT

 Specific skills
- Make supplies and deliveries of medicines;
- Read and interpret prescriptions accurately;
- Establish the validity of prescriptions;
- Demonstrate systematic distribution procedures;
- Evaluate the appropriateness of the prescribed drugs;
- Keep records in a convenient and efficient manner;
- Repackage and re-label appropriately distributed drugs;
- Evaluate signs, symptoms and history to distinguish manageable conditions
in the practice of pharmacy;
- Select and advise on the use of pharmacological and non-
pharmacological treatment strategies and options, including without
treatment;
- Apply first aid measures if necessary;
- Precisely calculate quantities of ingredients necessary for the preparation
of pharmaceutical products;
- Select and identify the ingredients for the preparation of the drug product;

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 - Apply the principles and techniques of formulation to the preparation of
pharmaceutical products;
- Ensure all drugs and chemicals are packaged, labeled and stored to
maximize stability and safety;
- Examine and evaluate the history of the consumer and prescription drugs;
- Apply the principales and techniques of formulation to the preparation of
pharmaceutical products;
- Ensure that everything is in accordance with local workplace policy and
professional conventions for product preparation;
- Prepare and maintain the appropriate product documentation;
- Apply the principles and techniques of sterilization and asepsis related to
the preparation of pharmaceutical products.

3. Opportunities
- Pharmacy technicians; Pharmacist Assistant;
- Pharmacist of hospitals;Pharmaceutical supplier;
- Work in the pharmaceutical industry or in the drug supply chain;
- Pharmacovigilance;Cosmetic industry;

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4. Organization of the Teachings
Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Pharmacy Technology
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Course Title
L T P SPW Total of credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy-Physiology I, Cell Biology,
PHT111 45 20 5 5 75 5
Histology and Embryology
Microbiology I - Bacteriology -
PHT112 35 15 5 5 60 4
parasitology - Biochemistry
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
General Chemistry I and General
PHT113 18 7 2 3 30 2
Biochemistry I
Sociology -Anthropology and Medical
PHT114 35 15 5 5 60 4
Psychology
General Pharmacology/Introduction to
PHT115 nursing I: General concepts-History-Theories- 50 25 10 5 90 6
Human Development
PHT116 Introductory Bloc Posting in a Hospital / / 20 70 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHT117 Bilingual Training and Functional Computer 30 10 3 2 45 3
Total 220 90 90 50 450 30

Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Pharmacy Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course Title
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PHT121 Anatomy and Physiology II 45 20 5 5 75 5
Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology -
PHT122 35 15 5 5 60 4
Immunology)
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
General Biochemistry II and General
PHT123 35 15 5 5 60 4
Chemistry II
Pharmaceutical Microbiologyand
PHT124 45 20 5 5 75 5
Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practice
PHT125 Nursing Care I 5 30 5 5 45 3
PHT126 Hospital Internship II / / 20 70 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHT127 French medical - medical English - ICT II 30 10 3 2 45 3
Total 205 80 135 30 450 30

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Semester 3

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Pharmacy Technology

Code Hourly Volume Number
courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PHT231 Physical Chemistry I, Organic Chemistry I 60 10 / 5 75 5
Physical Chemistry I: Practice, Organic
PHT232 / 20 35 5 60 4
Chemistry I: Practice
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Pharmaceutical I and Pharmacognosy I;
PHT233 45 20 5 5 75 5
Pharmaceutical I and Pharmacognosy I: Practice
PHT234 Clinical Pharmacology I
40 10 5 5 60 4
Clinical Pharmacology I: Practice
Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical
PHT235 45 15 10 5 75 5
Chemistry I: Practice
PHT236 Clinical Internship & Report(hospitals/drug
/ / 50 10 60 4
stores/quality control)
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHT237 ICT III, Introduction to Operational Research 30 10 0 5 45 3
Total 195 90 135 30 450 30

Semester 4
Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Specialty: Pharmacy Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total of credits

Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Pharmaceutical Analysis I, Pharmaceutical
PHT241 40 20 10 5 75 5
Analysis I: Practice, Organic Chemistry II
PHT242 Epidemiology, prophylaxis and Vaccinations 30 15 10 5 60 4
Professional Courses60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PHT243 Pharmaceutical II and Pharmacognosy II 30 15 10 5 60 4
Pharmaceutical II and Pharmacognosy II:
PHT244 40 20 10 5 75 5
Practice
Clinical pharmacology II, Clinical
PHT245 40 20 10 5 75 5
pharmacology II: Practice
PHT246 Community/Hospital Pharmacy Practice / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Biomedical Statistics and Information,
PHT247 30 5 5 5 45 3
Education and Communication
Total 160 65 200 25 450 30

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Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Pharmacy Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PHT351 Analytical Chemistry and Clinical Hematology 30 15 40 5 90 6
Health Information System and Health
PHT352 25 10 5 5 45 3
Economics
Professional Courses60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Pharmaceutical III and Pharmacognosy III,
PHT353 Pharmaceutical III and Pharmacognosy III: 40 15 30 5 90 6
Practice
Clinical pharmacology III, Clinical
PHT354 25 5 10 5 45 3
Pharmacology III: Practice
Pharmaceutical Chemistry III and
PHT355 25 5 10 5 45 3
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Practice
Clinical Internship & Research Project
PHT356 / / 70 20 90 6
Evaluation
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Medical Law , Occupational Medicine, Civic
PHT357 20 15 5 5 45 3
education and Ethics
Total 180 80 160 30 450 30

Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Pharmacy Technology
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
PHT361 40 20 15 5 90 6
Pharmaceutical Legislation
PHT362 Community Healthand Hygiene Sanitation 20 15 5 5 45 3
Professional Courses60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Pharmaceutical IV and Pharmacognosy IV,
PHT363 Pharmaceutical IV and Pharmacognosy IV: 40 20 28 2 90 6
Practice
Clinical Pharmacology IV, Clinical
PHT364 29 9 5 2 45 3
Pharmacology IV: Practice
PHT365 Pharmaceutical Chemistry IV 29 9 5 2 45 3
PHT366 Hospital Internship VI / / 70 20 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHT367 Professional ethics and deontology 29 14 / 2 45 3
Total 165 70 175 40 450 30

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5. Course content

PHT111: Anatomy-Physiology I, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology

 Cell Biology - Histology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Cell Biology and Histology

 The cell:
- Structure;
- Multiplication;
- Physiology;
 The tissue:
- Epithelial tissue;
- Connective tissue;
- Nervous tissue;
- Concept of genetics.

 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Nervous System
- Histology of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system: nervous influx,
transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse, driving plate), arc
reflex;
- Organization of the central nervous system and functional localization:
spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain, meninges and CSF;
- System Device nervous, cranial nerves, plexus;
- Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System
- Endocrine pancreas;
- Thyroid: anatomy - Histology - physiology;
- Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
- Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology.
- System hypothalamo-pituitary;
- The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye : the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- Smell: Taste;
- Touch.
4. System Musculoskeletal
- Ceos;
- The osteites;
- The osteomyelitis.
5. Digestive System
- General topography;

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 - Organization of the Nervous System
- Cells of the Nervous System
- Membrane potentials
- Propagation of an action potential
- Transmission of an impulse from cell to cell
- Integrating impulse transmission
- Chemical nature of neurotransmitters.
The Central Nervous System
- Telencephalon (Cerebral Cortex)
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Myelencephalon
- Ventricles and meninges of the Central Nervous System
- Spinal cord
The Periphral Nervous System
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves.

PHT112:Microbiology I - Bacteriology - Parasitology -

Objective: On successful completion of this course, student will be able to:
- Know the different associations of parasites with the human
- Know various characteristics and transmission techniques of parasites
- Learn basic techniques used to identify parasites
- Study the life cycles of some common parasites.

Content:
 Microbiology - Bacteriology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
 Introduction to the Bacteriology
- Place in the living world and ecological role of micro-organisms
(saprophytes, commensalism, symbiosis and pathogens).
 General Bacteriology
- Structure of the bacterial cell, nutrition and growth, metabolism
(anaerobic, aerobic conditions, fermentation), reproduction and genetics
(genetic transfer, mutation), pathogenicity (notions of virulence, toxin).
 Bacterial Ecology
- Role of the field, reference mechanism of the host against the infection
(Immunosuppression, opportunistic bacteria, nosocomial infections).
 Presentation of the bacterialsystematic
 Study of the main species or bacterial groups pathogenic for man or
likely to be
- Staphylococci, Streptococci, pneumococci, gonococcus, (history, habitat
and epidemiology, fill pathogen, Bacteriological characters, diagnosis,
treatment and prophylaxis).

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  Bacteriological techniques
- Basic Techniques (microscopic examinations, insulation and identification),
different types of levy in Clinical Bacteriology (technical and transport),
methods of sterilization and preparation of media of cultures.
 Procedures for the sending of samples and of bacterial strains
 Techniques of conventional identifications (1st part).

 Parasitology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Systematic study of human parasites, few definitions and concepts prior,

mode of parasitism
2. Location of parasites
3. Epidemiology and evolutionary cycle
4. Parasitic disease: clinical description, pathology, defense of the body;
5. Prophylaxis (general and individual)

PHT113: General Chemistry Iand General Biochemistry I

 General Biochemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Objective: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of the Biomolecules
that make up the living cell. It is limited at this level on the structural presentation of
Biomolecules their properties and how some of the Biomolecules are applied in
Chemical reactions that occur within the body.
Content:
1. Generality : enzyme, vitamin, a hormone
2. Basic concept of clinical biochemistry General: definition of a metering and
exploration
3. Learning of normal and abnormal physiology of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteinsPhysiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical
interest: techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal values of
biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological variations (1st
part)
 General Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Mixture and pure body
2. The major processes of immediate analysis
3. Simple body-to-body composed
4. Constitution of the material:atoms, molecules and ions
5. Chemical notation, symbol, Valencia, formula
6. The fundamental laws of Combinations: chemical equation, acids, bases, salts,
concept of PH, equivalent, nomenclature, redox, degree of oxidation, catalysis.

Page 146 of 572

PHT114: Sociology -Anthropology and Medical Psychology
 Sociology - Anthropology and Psychology : 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Sociology - Anthropology
 Introduction to the Sociology ;
 Concept of anthropology and ethnology;
 Evolution of life and of man in its dimensions biological, psychological
and social assistance;
 Culture and cultural PWnomena,
 The innate, the acquis, myths and beliefs;
 Cultural attitudes to health, disease, death;
 Medical practices of yesterday, today alternatives and traditional
medicine;
 Notions of group; social groups (family, working group, institution);
 Dynamics of small groups;
 Dynamics of Conflict (leaders);
 Communication and communication networks.
2. Psychology
3. Introduction to Psychology
 The major stages of life;
 Emotional development, intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial of
the individual;
 First Age, second age, age pre-school, school, adolescence,
adulthood, aging;
4. The Body: Body schema and body image
5. The Personality
 Dynamic aspect of the personality;
 The unconscious;
 Pulsion, refoulement;
 Motivation.
6. Mechanism of defense and of adaptation
 Affective states : feeling - emotion - fear - anger - Distrust - a concern -
Lines and behavior - the different modes of relationship;
 Social: educative - cooperative - of authority - of dependency - of
acceptance - of mothering;
 The relationship between careers - Treated: specificities.

PHT115:General Pharmacology/Introduction to nursing I: General concepts-

History-Theories-Human Development
 General Pharmacology: 4 credit (60 hours); L, T, SP
Objective
Content:
1. Definitions
2. Origin of drugs: Study of drug forms

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 3. Drug prescription: Writing and interpretation of prescriptions
4. Measuring instruments and dosage
5. Drug administration routes
6. Pharmaco-dynamics and Pharmaco-kinetic elements: :Liberation,
absorption, elimination, metabolism, interactions and side effects
7. Drug regulation and distribution conditions
8. Storage and monitoring
9. Arrangement of drug cupboards
10. Recognition of some common drugs
11. Drug poisoning

 Introduction to nursing I: General concepts-History-Theories-Human

Development

PHT116: Introductory Bloc Posting in a Hospital

Objective:
Content:
1. Admissions and discharge
2. Reception
3. Vital signs
4. History taking
5. Identification of basic equipment in the different departments
6. Laboratory

PHT117: Bilingual Training and Functional Computer

 Bilingual training 1: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
French expression
1. Form of words in French
 Prefix,
 Radical;
 Root, suffix.
2. Explanation of words and group of words
3. Morphosyntax and rhetoric
 Components and structure of the sentence:
- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Composed sentence.
 Figures of style:
- Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.

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 4. Administrative and professional correspondence
The different parts of a administrative correspondence and the
administrative style;
 Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).
5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance
 Application for employment;
 CV;
 Letter of motivation.
6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
 French composition: Reminder methodological and implementation;
 Contraction of text: methodological reminder and application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
Identification of the factors in the situation of communication

(transmitter, receiver, code, channel, message, context);
 Situation of communication and verbal interactions;
 Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic, proxemics, MIMO-
gestural, etc.;
 Identification and handling of figures of expression and thought
metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.); etc.
9. Oral communication

 English Expression:

Introduction - Course Content - Syllabus - Importance of English - Style in

Business Writing - punctuation; capitalization - abbreviations.
The shares of Speech - Verbs - Question Words - Methodology: - of asking and
answering questions
Economic Activities - Sectors of activity - Commerce and Trade Channels of
distribution - Essay writing -specialized shops - active voice and passive voice - direct
and indirect speech.
 Techniques of Information and the communication I: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P,
SPW

1. Concepts and architecture of computers

2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple

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 4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. The devices (printers, scanner, …)
7. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
8. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
9. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

PHT121: Anatomy and Physiology II

Objective: Among the basic sciences of medicine fundamental to the practice of all
branches, the most important are anatomy and physiology. Their studies have unique
applications to all branches of medicine and extracts pertinent to all branches are
higHCMighted.
 Cardiovascular System: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. The Heart
- Anatomy: configuring external and internal structure, histology of the heart
muscle;
- Physiology: automatism, revolution, noises of the heart, the
electrocardiogram.
2. The vessels
- Anatomy: arteries, veins: their structure, Anatomy of the large and the small
circulation;
- Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation and capillary.
3. The blood
- The plasma and dissolved substances, figurative elements, hematopoiesis,
haemolysis;
- Coagulation;
- Blood group.
4. The reticulo-endothelialsystem
- Rate, lymphatic, thymus.7
 Respiratory system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Anatomy
- Upper airway (anatomy endoscopy and non-surgical), nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea;
- Bronchus, lungs, pleura, anatomy and histology.

2. Physiology of Breathing - Mechanisms for regulating nervous; - chemical

phenomena.

 Digestive system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. General topography; the peritoneum

2. The main categories of food:

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  Energy Needs;
 Animal heat.
 Genito-urinary system (woman-man): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the

ureters, the urethra and bladder
2. ExcretoryRole of the skin
3. Description anatomy and physiology of the genitalia of the Man and
the woman.

PHT 122: Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology - Immunology)

 Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology - Immunology): 4 appropriations (60
hours);L, T, SPW

Objective: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of bacteria. Upon

successful completion of the course, the student should be able to:
- Have a general notion of bacteria
- Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to the human
- Know the interaction of host and bacteria that lead to infection
- Preliminarily identify and learn the basic techniques of culturing bacteria
Content:
1. Characterization and classification of viruses and fungi
2. Infection, pathogenicity, virulence, exotoxicines and endotoxicines
3. Immune system: components, mode of action in the face of the antigen,
active immunity, passive immunity, allergy

PHT123: General Biochemistry II and General Chemistry II

 General Biochemistry II
Content:
1. Nucleotides and Nucleic acids: General notion, structure and function
2. Enzymes, properties, classification, characteristics, mode of action
3. Vitamins: Characteristics and classification
4. Hormones: Classification
5. Mineral elements: Notion of Major and Minor elements
6. Metabolism: Definition, importance, type
 General Chemistry II
Content:
1. Organic Chemistry
2. Introduction to Carbon Chemistry
3. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene, halogens, alcohols and PWnols
4. Carboxylic acids and esters

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PHT124: Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Practice
 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 4

Objectives: This course is designed to give at students a general knowledge of

microbiology in relation to Pharmaceutical sciences and knowledge of the role of
microbes in pharmaceutical production, brewery and food industry.

Content:
TU1: Introduction to the scope of Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
TU2: Classification of various types of microbes
TU3: Microbial contamination in a pharmaceutical industry (small and large
scale production), the air, equipments, humans, raw materials etc.
TU4: Microbial Control methods (Disinfection and Sterilization)
- Disinfection, factors influencing disinfectants, dynamics of disinfection
disinfectants and antiseptics their evaluation, etc
- Sterilization, different methods, validation of sterilization methods &
equipments,.etc
- MicrobialQuality control methods (raw materials, finished goods, etc
- Sterility testing as per B.P
TU5: Microbial identification methods (growth media, Staining, biochemical tests
and techniques)
TU6: Microbes as sources of drugs (antibiotics, vaccins, microbes in
biotechnology etc)
TU7: Microbes in Food and Brewery industries
TU8: Microbial assays of antibiotics
TU9: Microbial spoilage and preservation of Pharmaceutical products:
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical
products, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage, preservation of
pharmaceutical products, evaluation of microbial stability of formulations.
TU10: Microbiological standardization of raw materials.

 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Practical

Exercises illustrating the course contents of theory including:

PU1: Introduction To different laboratory equipments, processes, techniques, etc
PU2: Disinfection: preparation of disinfectants/antiseptics for various purposes
PU3: sterilization methods (aseptic procedures, dry heat, moist heat,)
PU4: Preparation of various types of culture media.
PU5: Demonstration on culture techniques
PU6: Culturing of aerobic and anaerobic microbes.
PU7: Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms.
PU8: Sub culturing of microbes.
PU9: Identification and characterization of isolates (biochemical tests)

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 PU10: Staining methods: slide preparation, Grams and acid fast staining.
PU11: Sterility testing-different methods as per BP/USP
PU12: Microbial viable count in a pharmaceutical product and total count of
bacteria
PU13: Thermal death time determination.

PHT125: Nursing Care I

 Nursing Care I
Techniques of care - Nursing - First Aid I: 3 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
o Need to Move (manipulation of the bed, mobilization of the patient in
bed and out of bed, position of the latter, surveillance and treatment
of bedsores)
o Need to eliminate (elimination digestive - establishment of the baNUS
of bed, enemas, levies, care in case of diarrhea and constipation unto
urinary disposals unto observation of the bladder drainage continuous,
change of the bag collector or draining).
o Need for clothing (dressing and stripping of the patient with apparatus)
o Need to be clean (partial toilet or NUSk)
o Need to breathe (oxygen therapy or aerosoltherapy)
o Need to Feed (installation of the patient for the meal, help to power,
observation of dehydration, nausea, vomiting)
o Methods of investigations (statement of the temperature, blood
pressure and pulsations)
o Monitoring (a patient plastered, post-operative, under infusion, of
operative wound). Monitoring and knowledge of the symptom of
shock
o Administration of Drugs (per-os, intramuscular, subcutaneous insulin-
and anti coagulants). Dilution of a drug in an infusion
o Taking of blood and blood glucose levels at the end of the Finger
o Dressing of a simple wound

PHT126: Hospital Internship

 Hospital Internship

PHT127: French medical - medical English - ICT II

 Use of English and french
Content:
1. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
2. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
3. Drafting of reports

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 4. Documentation research
5. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories.

 French:
1. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
2. Hospitals
3. The Hardware
4. The staff
5. The Role
6. The pathologies
7. The drugs

 English:

1. Drafting of research topics

2. Dissertation on the professional articles
3. Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….

 Information and CommunicationTechnologies: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

Technique of information and communication 2
1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name
to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires
12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

PHT231: Physical Chemistry I, Organic Chemistry I

 Physical Chemistry I
Objectives:
Content:
 Behaviour of gases
TU1: Kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behaviour and explanation.

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  The liquid state
TU2: Physical properties (surface tension, parachor, viscosity, rheochor, refractive
index, optical rotation, dipole moment) and chemical constituents.
 Amorphous and crystalline solids
TU3: Geometry & symmetry of crystals, Millers indices, types of crystals, Physical
properties of crystals, crystal diffraction.
 Thermodynamics:
TU4: Fundamentals, first, second, third and zeroth law, Joule-Thompson‘s effect,
absolute temperature scale.
 Thermo chemistry
TU5: Definition & conventions, heat of reaction, heat of formation, heat of
solution, heat of neutralization, heat of combustion, Hess law of constant summation,
Bomb calorimeter, bond energies, Kirchhoff‘s equation.
 Solutions
TU6: Ideal and real solutions, solutions of gases in liquids, colligative properties.
PH: determination of PH buffers, theory of buffers.
TU7: Adsorption: Freurdlich and Gibbs adsorption Isotherms, Langmuir theory of
adsorption.
 Electro chemistry
TU8: Faraday‘s laws of Electrolysis, Electric conductance & its measurement,
molar & equivalent conductivity and its variation with dilution. KoHCMrausch law,
Arrhenius theory, degree of ionization & Ostwald dilution law. Transport number &
migration of ion, Hittorfs theoretical device, theory of strong electrolytes (Debye Huckle
theory).
 Chemical kinetics
TU9: Zero, first and second order reaction, complex reactions, elementary idea
of reaction kinetics, characteristics of homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid
base and enzyme catalysis.
 Phase equilibria
TU10: Phase, component, degree of freedom, phase rule (excluding derivation).
TU11: Cooling curves & Phase diagrams for one & two component system
involving eutectics, congruent & incongruent melting point (examples-water, sulphur,
KI-H2O, NaCI-H2O system).
TU12: Distribution law & application to solvent extraction.

 Organic Chemistry I

Objectives: On successful completion of this course, student will be able to:

- Identify functional groups of organic molecules and recognize the
occurrence of isomerism
- Distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds and describe the
shapes of simple covalent molecules
- Classify organic and inorganic reaction types

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 - Understand separation methods for simple mixtures
- Predict changes in reactions at equilibrium
- Understand the uses of ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy
Content:
 Basic Principles and Concepts of Organic Chemistry
TU1: Structure and Properties : Atomic Structure, atomic orbital, molecular orbital,
hybridization, sigma & Pi bond, covalent, electrovalent and co-ordinate bond,
inductive effect, resonance, Polarity of bonds and molecules, dipole moment,
resonance, inductive and electrometric effects, intra-molecular and intermolecular
hydrogen bonding, acids and bases.
 Classification & Nomenclature of organic compounds.
TU2: Isomerism, geometrical isomerism, Stereochemistry including optical activity,
stereoisomerism, specification of configuration and conformational analysis.
TU3: Important methods of preparation, reactions with special reference to
mechanism of the following classes of compounds: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes & dienes,
free radical substitution reaction, alkyI halides, Alcohols.
 Aromatic Compounds
TU4: Structure and resonance of benzene, aromatic character, mechanism of
electrophilic aromatic substitution, orientation effects in electrophilic substitution,
nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
Resonance, orientation of aromatic substitution, arenes, amines (aliphatic & aromatic),
PWnols, aryl halides.
 Stereochemistry
TU5: Stereoisomerism, optical activity, enantiomers, Diasteriomerism, mesostructures,
specification of R and S, D and L configuration, racemic modification and resolution of
recemic mixtures, conformational analysis, geometrical isomerism, it‘s nature of
formation, nomenclature of isomers and determination of configuration.
TU6: Preparation, properties and actions of PWnols, sulphonic acids and derivatives,
carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, amines, diazonium salts, aryl halides and ketones.
TU7: Poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Naphthalene, phenathrene and
anthracene.
TU8: Heterocyclic compounds: Study of fundamentals of heterocyclics,
nomenclature, methods of synthesis and important chemical reactions of the
following:
- Five -membered heterocycles: Furan, thioPWne, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole,
imidazole, pyrazole, triazole and tetrazole.
- Six-membered heterocycles: Pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine and
pyrones.
- Benz-fused heterocycles: Quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, acridines and
xathone.
- Modern concepts of rational drug design: a brief introduction.

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PHT232: Physical Chemistry I: Practice, Organic Chemistry I: Practice
 Practical Physical Chemistry

The practical aspect of this course shall include experiments on

PU1: Acid – base reactions – pH determinations, preparation of buffers etc.
PU2: Energy effects in chemical reactions.
PU3: Rates of chemical reactions.
PU4: Chemical equilibrium – reversible reactions.
PU5: Electrical conductivity of solutions.
PU6: Determination of melting points and boiling points.
PU7: Synthesis of Aspirin and other pharmaceutical bioactive substances.

 Practical Organic Chemistry

PU1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry laboratory techniques. Experiments in

simple qualitative analysis.
PU2: Nitration: Preparation of Nitrobenzene from Benzene.
PU3: Halogenation: Preparation of p-Bromo acetanilide from Acetanilide.
PU 4: Oxidation: Preparation of Benzoic acid from toluene or BenzylcHCMoride
PU5: Reduction: Preparation of m-Nitroaniline from m-Dinitro Benzene.
PU6: Etherification: Preparation of n-Butyl acetate from n-Butyl alchol.
PU7: Acetylation: Preparation of Acetanilide from Aniline.
PU8: Etherification: Preparation of β-Naphthyl methyl ether from β-Napthol.
PU9: Hydrolysis (Saponification): Preparation of Benzoic Acid from Methyl
Benzoate
PU10: Preparation of Benzoic acid from Benzamide.

PHT233: Pharmaceutical I and Pharmacognosy I

 Pharmaceutical I
Objective: This course is designed to:
- Enhance students‘ knowledge and skills in basic pharmaceutical
calculations
- Introduce the students to the principles of drug dispensing
- Introduce the students to the basic pharmaceutical operations.
Content
TU1: Introduction to pharmaceutics and Historical background Metrology
TU2: Imperial, metric and S.I., weights and measures, interconversion
TU3: Introduction to Dosage forms Classification of solids, semisolids and liquid
dosage forms, conventional and novel delivery systems.
TU4: Pharmaceutical Additives Acids, bases, buffers, antioxidants, water etc.
TU5: Pharmaceutically acceptable glass.
TU6: Diluents, vehicles, bases, solvents, organoleptic additives, surfactants,
polymers and their applications.

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 TU7: Size reduction and Size Separation ; Definitions, principles of size reduction,
objectives of size reduction, factors affecting size reduction; principles, laws
and factors affecting energy requirements, different methods of size
reduction, study of hammer mill, fluid energy mill and disintegrator. Various
methods and equipments employed for size separation e. g., sieving,
sedimentation, centrifugal elutriation, microscopic methods.
Mixing and Homogenization
TU8: Theory of mixing: solid-solid, solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and semisolid mixing. Study
of different types of mixers used in pharmaceuticals like planetary mixers, sigma mixers,
turbo dispensers, double cone mixers, Colloid mill, Triple roller mill.
- Clarification and Filtration
TU9: Definitions, theory and factors affecting filtration, types of filter media, filter
aids, and selection of filters. Equipments like gravity filter, pressure filter, vacuum filters,
filter press, leaf filters, continuous rotary drum filter, edge filter, sand filter, membrane
filters. Centrifugal type filters; batch, semi continuous & continuous type.
- Heat Processes
TU10: Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation, study of evaporating stills and
evaporating pans, heat transferring evaporators, vapor compression evaporators and
evaporation under reduced pressure.
- Distillation
TU11: Importance of distillation in Pharmacy, methods of distillation.
Brief introduction to freeze drying, sublimation, desiccation and exsiccation,
efflorescence and its importance.
- Extraction and Galenicals
TU12: Extraction processes and study of percolation and maceration and their
modifications, their applications in the preparation of tinctures and extracts.

 Pharmaceutics I Practical

PU1: Preparation of following classes of products involving the use of calculations

in metrology (at least 2 products from each category wherever applicable):
Aromatic waters, injections, solutions, spirits, glycerin, syrups, elixirs, lotions, mucilages
and liniments, suppositories, tablets, powders and capsules.
PU2: Demonstration of equipments (working procedure) for
- Size Reduction and size separation, Mixing and homogenization, Clarification
and filtration, Evaporation, Distillation and Percolation

 Pharmacognosy I

Objectives: After completing this chapter, the students should be able to;
- Describe the origin, chemistry, biosyNTDesis and pharmaceutical
importance of various classes of natural products including alkaloids,
carbohydrates, glycosides, acids, PWnolic compounds, fats and oils
etc.

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 - Identify plants based on their macroscopical and microscopic
characters.
- Identify the cell contents of plants
- Cultivate medicinal plants under appropriate conditions
- Collect, dry and preserve medicinal plant products.
- Prepare, extract and separate natural plant products.
- Differentiate between alkaloids, glycosides, fats & oils, terpenoids etc

Content:
TU1: Introductory Pharmacognosy: Historical development, modern concept
and scope of Pharmacognosy. Outline Significance of Pharmacognosy in various
systems of medicine.
Plant classification
Plant nomenclature and taxonomy
Vegetative anatomy of plants
TU2: Classification of crude drugs: Based on alphabetical, morphological,
pharmacological, chemical and taxonomical methods, official and unofficial drugs,
organized and unorganized drugs.
TU3: Definition of crude drug: Sources of crude drugs viz; Herbs, Animals,
inorganic matter, plant tissue culture and marine sources as well as the role of herbal
drugs in national economy.
TU4: Cultivation of herbal drugs: Factors influencing variability in drug activity,
type of soils, fertilizers, plant hormones and their applications, polyploidy, mutation and
hybridization in medicinal plants.
TU5: Production Factors: Factors involved in the preparation of herbal drugs for
market from cultivated and wild sources including collection, drying, storage and
transport methods.
TU6: Study of morphological and histological characters of crude drugs: Ergastic
cell inclusions, anatomical structures of bark, fruits, seeds and monocot and dicot
stems, leaves and roots.
TU7: Phytoconstituents of medicinal importance: Introduction, classification and
chemical tests of: Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, mono-, di- and tri-terpenes,
steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, PWnolic compounds, tannins, carotenoides,
alkaloids, iridoides and amino acids.
TU8: Principles of plant classification: Diagnostic features and medicinal
significance of important plants with special reference to:
- Algae: Rhodophyceae (Agar, Alginic acid, Diatoms, Carrageenan and
Cetraria).
- Fungi: Eumycetes (Ergot, Yeast, Mushrooms, Antibiotics, and Lycopodium).
- Gymnosperm: Pinaceae (Turpentine, Colophony), Gnetaceae (EPWdra).
- Angiosperm: Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae,
Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Apiaceae,

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 Leguminosae (Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae, Papilionaceae),
Papaveraceae, AcaNTDaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
- Pteridophytes: Male fern.
TU9: Techniques in microscopy

 Pharmacognosy I Practical
PU1: Microscopic preparation. Staining and surface preparation.
PU2: Microscopical studies of basic tissues, bark, stem (Dicot, Monocot), Root
(Dicot, Monocot), seed, leaf, fruits, trichomes, stomata, calcium oxalate crystals,
starch, pHCMoem fibres.
PU3: General chemical tests for alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, resins and proteins.
PU4: Study of diagnostic characters of families mentioned in the theory.

PHT234: Clinical Pharmacology I, Clinical Pharmacology I: Practice

 Clinical Pharmacology I
Objectives: At the end of this unit, the students will know:
- The treatment of the various infective organisms.
- Drug resistance
- Spectrum of activity of each drug
- Side effects/contraindications and management of toxic effects of each
class of drug.
Content:
TU1: Chemotherapy
General Principles of Chemotherapy, Sulfonamides, Cotrimoxazole, Quinolones,
Antibiotics – Penicillins, Cephalosporins, CHCMoramPWnicol, Tetracyclines,
Macrolides.
Chemotherapy of Parasitic infections, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Malaria, Fungal
infections, viral diseases, Introduction to Immunomodulators and Chemotherapy
of Cancer.
TU2: Pharmacology of Endocrine System
- Hypothalamic & pituitary hormones, Thyroid hormones & Thyroid Drugs,
Parathormone,Calcitonin & Vitamin D, Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents &
glucagon.
- ACTH & Corticosteroids, Androgens & anabolic steroids, Estrogens,
Progesterone &Oral Contraceptives, Drugs acting on uterus.
- Principles of Toxicology
Definition of poison, general principles of treatment of poisoning with
particular reference to barbiturates, opioids, organophosphorous & atropine
poisoning, Heavy metal Anatagonists.

 Clinical Pharmacology I Practicals

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 PU1: Students will study generic and proprietary drugs available in the local
hospital and community pharmacies used for the management of cancer as well as
bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic and protozoal infections. Emphasis will be laid on the
dosage form, route of administration, indications, contraindications, side effects,
interactions and also their generic and trade names.

PHT 235: Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I

Practice
Objective: The course gives the student an understanding of:
- The molecular basis of the discovery, design, synthesis and mode of action
of drugs;
- The physical and chemical properties of drugs in relation to drug action.
- Therapeutic uses of inorganic pharmaceuticals
Content
TU1: Introduction: Definitions, evolution and scope of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
TU2: Drug discovery, Design, development, Principles of drug discovery, sources
of drugs
TU3: Physiochemical properties of drugs and drug action
TU4: Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry: Optical, geometric and
bioisosterism of drug molecules and biological action.
TU5: Stereochemistry and drug action
TU6: Drug-receptor interaction including transduction mechanism and drug
receptor theories
TU7: Inorganic pharmaceuticals
- Major physiological ions, electrolytes used in replacement therapy,
physiological acids-base balance, electrolytes used in acid-base therapy,
electrolyte combination therapy.
- Essential and trace ions: Copper, zinc, iron, selenium, sulfur and iodine.
- Gastro-intestinal agents: Acidifying agents, antacids, protective and
absorbents, saline cathartics.
- Topical agents: Antimicrobials and astringents.
- Dental products: Anti-caries agents and dentifrices.
Miscellaneous Inorganic Pharmaceutical agents: Inhalants; respiratory stimulants,
expectorants and emetics, antidotes.

PHT236 :Clinical Internship & Report (Hospitals/Drug stores/Quality

Control)
Broad Objectives:
Having successfully gone through three semesters of studies and eight weeks of
clinical block posting on the general functioning of a community health institution, the
students have acquired appreciable knowledge in some aspects of pharmacy
management. Some of these aspects are;

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 - Drugs conservation,
- Interpretation of medical prescription,
- Drug repackaging and dispensing
Specific Objectives/ Content:
During this internship, students are expected to;
- Work practically on theoretical lessons in community/public hospitals by
visiting various units in the hospital setting.
- Gain more practical exposure on the above spects in different clinical
settings and pharmacies
- Build up team spirit.
- Proper drug dispensing
- Patient counseling
- The stock management cycle.

MIT237:Information and the communication

technologiesIII,Introduction to research
 Information and Communication Technologies III: 1 credit (10 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel

2. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint
3. Study of a software for the creation and querying databases (Microsoft
Access).

 Initiation to research: 1 credit (10 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction to the search
2. Approach of the research: construction of a hypothesis, experimentation,
validation, conclusion
3. Implementation of a research protocol
4. Bibliographical research
5. Ethics in Health Research
6. Critical reading of scientific articles
7. Drafting and scientific presentation

Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review, formulating the

problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the questions
according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable hypothesis to
achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical
considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable project administration; Plans for
dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring instruments
(reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality control of
measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements; the issue of
missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of hypothesis.
Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format

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 PHT241: Pharmaceutical Analysis I, Pharmaceutical Analysis I: Practice,
Organic Chemistry II
 Pharmaceutical Analysis I,
 Pharmaceutical Analysis I: Practice,
 Organic Chemistry II
PHT242: Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and Vaccinations
Objective:
Content:
TU1: Definition; Incidence, prevalence, morbidity, lethality, contagiousness,
attack rate, warning threshold, primary and secondary warning.
TU2: Epidemiological tripod
TU3: Epidemics, endemo epidemics, pandemics, demographic notions.
TU4: Prophylaxis: Definition, prophylactic measures, systemic reporting, early
screening, isololation, quarantine, rat extermination, desensitization, molluse control.
Disposal of waste water and human and animal refuse.Physical, chemical, and
radioactive pollution control; chemo-prophylaxis.
TU5: Immunization; Definition, classification, Expanded program on immunization:
origin, target population; Immunization strategies; Management of immunization
activities. Planning, organization, supervision, evaluation of immunization coverage;
Procurement and storage of vaccines, Monitoring of immunized population and IEC,
Cameroon vaccination schedule: New-born, pre-school age, adults.

PHT 243: Pharmaceutical II and Pharmacognosy II

 Pharmaceutics II

Objectives: This course is designed to:

- Enhance students‘ knowledge and skills in basic pharmaceutical
calculations
- Introduce the students to the principles of drug dispensing
- Introduce the students to the basic pharmaceutical operations

Content:
TU1: Introduction to unit operation and pharmaceutical engineering. Concept
and requirement, basic laws, materials and energy balances.
TU2: Conveying of Solids
Belt conveyors, chain conveyors, screw conveyors and pneumatic conveyors.
TU3: Pharmaceutical Plant Construction
Selection of materials for pharmaceutical plants, study of factors like physical,
chemical, mechanical and economical.Suitability of different materials for different
plants i.e. Ferrous metals -Cast iron, steel, stainless steel; Non-ferrous metals - copper
and alloys, aluminum and alloys, lead, tin, silver, nickel and alloys, chromium, zinc;

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Non-metals glass, stoneware, slate brick, concrete, asbestos, plastics, rubber, timber,
ceramics and enamel.
Corrosion: Types, causes, theories and methods of prevention of corrosion.
TU4: Environmental Pollution and safety hazards
Mechanical, chemical, electrical fire and dust hazards, safety requirements; fire
extinguishers; accident records.Environment control and effluent treatment.
TU5: Flow of fluids
Fluid static and dynamics, basic equations, laws of conservation in fluid flow.
Measurement of pressure: Manometers, Types of flow, Reynold's number and its
significance; distribution of velocities in a pipe; friction losses; pipe fittings and joints.
Measurement of fluid flow: Principle, and construction of venturimeter, orifice
meter, pitot tube, weirs, Rota meter, and positive displacement meter-current meter
and disc meter.
Flow controls: Plug cock, globe valves, gate valves, and water hammer,
unidirectional valves, automatic regulating valve.
Pumps: Reciprocating pumps, positive displacement pumps, rotary pumps -
volute and centrifugal pumps.
Blowers-Compressors, evacuators
TU6: Heat transfer
Modes of heat transfer; heat transfer coefficient; OHTC.Convection- concept of
film overall coefficient, evaluation of individual film coefficient. Radiation - Stefan
Boltzmann law; heating media, equipments, lagging.
Fuels-solid, liquid, gases.Steam as heating medium-properties and uses of steam,
steam traps, pressure reducing valve, steam heated heat exchanger, lagging,
condensation, heating by electricity.
TU7: Distillation
Theory of distillation, vapor liquid equilibrium relationship, volatility and relative
volatility, Azeotropic and zeotropic mixture, phase diagrams. Rectification and
construction of columns; molecular distillation; steam distillation; eNTDalpy composition
diagram and determination of number of theoretical plates; HEPH.
TU8: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Refrigeration: Theory of refrigeration, refrigeration current cycle and equipments
employed for large-scale refrigeration.
Air conditioning: Theory of air conditioning, application and types,
humidification and dehumidification, cooling towers.
Humidity: Determination methods, methods of increasing and decreasing
humidity. Application of humidity control in pharmaceutical industries.
TU9: Drying
Theory of drying - principles, equilibrium moisture content, rate of drying; drying
of dilute solutions and suspensions - drum dryer, spray dryer; drying of solids -
convection type, tray dryer, tunnel dryer, rotary dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum
dryer, oven dryer, freeze dryer, radiant heat dryers. Automation in drying process.
TU10: Autoclave Process Control System

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 Process variables, temperature, pressure, flow, level and vacuum and their
measurements. Elements of automatic process control systems. Elements of computer
aided manufacturing (CAM).
TU11: Crystallization
Characterization of crystals and factors affecting them, suppersaturation theory
and its limitations, nucleation mechanisms, crystal growth, study of various types of
crystallizer, tanks, agitated batch, Swenson Walker, single vacuum, circulating magma
and crystal crystallizer, cacking of crystals and its prevention.

 Pharmacognosy II

Objectives: The students will be required to know the various plant products, their
composition and their pharmacological action

Content:
TU1: Biosynthesis: Formation of primary and secondary metabolites. Study of
Calvin cycle, TCA cycle, Shikimic acid pathway, acetate hypothesis, isoprenoid
pathway.BiosyNTDesis of carbohydrates, lipids and volatile oils.
TU2: Resins: Study of drugs containing Resins and Resin Combination like
Podophyllum, Cannabis, Capsicum, Shellac, Asafoetida, Balsam of tolu, Balsam of
peru, Benzoin, Turmeric, and Ginger.
TU3: Volatile oils : General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants, Study of
volatile oils from Mentha, Coriander, Cinnamon, Jatamansi, Cumin, Black pepper,
Cassia, Lemon peel, Orange peel, Lemon grass, Citronella, Caraway, Dill, Spearmint,
Clove, Fene Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Chenopodium, Cardamom, Valerian, Musk,
Palmarosa, Gaultheria.
TU4: Phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants : Introduction to active
constituents of drugs : Their isolation, classification and properties with Qualitative
chemical tests of the following – Alkaloids, Saponins, flavonoids, glycosides
carbohydrates, fats and oil, terpenoids, acids, alcohols, Talc, Diatomite, Kaolin,
Bentonite, Gelatin and Natural colors.
TU5: Herbarium: Preparation of herbarium sheets and their importance in
authentication of plants.
TU6: Fibers: Study of fibers used in pharmacy such as cotton, silk, wool, nylon and
glass
TU7: Tannins: Study of tannins & tannin containing drugs like Gambier (Pale
Catechu), Black Catechu, Gall and Myrobalans. Utilization of aromatic plants &
desired products with special reference to Peppermint oil, Lemon grass oil &
Eucalyptus oil etc.Role of aromatic plants in national economy like in perfumery,
cosmetics etc.
TU8: Drugs of Animal origins: Shellac, cochineal, cantherides, spermaceti,
woolfat, lard, beeswax, honey, musk, lanolin, and gelatin.

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 TU9: Enzymes- Biological sources, preparation, characters and uses of Diastase,
Papain Bromalain, Yeast, Pancreatin, Urokinase, Pepsin, Trypsin, Pencillinase,
Hyaluronidase and Stryptokinase, etc.
TU10: Natural pesticides and Insecticides- Tobacco, Pyrethrum, Cevadilla, Neem,
Ryania Introduction to herbicides, fungicides, fumigants and rodenticides.

PHT244: Pharmaceutical II and Pharmacognosy II: Practice

 Pharmaceutics II Practical

Objective:
Content:
Experiments based upon theoretical portion preferably on the following:
PU1: Effect of thickness of filter media, hydrostatic pressure, size of filter media
etc. on filtration rate.
PU2: Rate of drying, equilibrium moisture content, determination of factors
affecting rate of drying.
PU3: Comparison of single stage and multiple stage extraction in solid-liquid
extraction.
PU4: Efficiency of a simple distillation unit and effect of insulating materials on the
efficiency.
PU5: Determination of efficiency of a steam distillation unit.
PU6: Determination of hardness of water.

 Pharmacognosy II Practical

PU1: Morphology of mentha, Lemongrass, Nutmeg and chenopodium.

PU2: Morphology of Turmeric, Ginger, Euncalyptus.
PU3: Morphology and microscopy of Coriander and Cinnamon.
PU4: Morphology and microscopy of Clove and to study its transverse section.
PU5: Study of Cotton, Silk and Wool along with their chemical Tests.
PU6: To study the morphology and chemical tests of Talc, Diatomite, and Kaolin
PHT245: Clinical Pharmacology II, Clinical Pharmacology II: Practice
 Clinical Pharmacology II

Objective: At the end of this unit, the students will have knowledge on:
- The various drugs of the autonomic various system like cholinergic and
anticholinergic drugs and their uses, adrenergic drugs and adrenergic
blockers and their uses.
- The dose, side effects, drug interaction and management of toxicity of
the drugs studied
Content:
TU1: Pharmacology of Autonomic Nervous System
- Cholinergic receptors, cholinergic drugs (parasympathomimetics,
cholinomimetics, and anticholinesterases).

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 - Anticholinergic drugs.
- Adrenoceptors, sympathomimetics, adrenoceptors blockers.
- Drugs action on autonomic ganglia (ganglionic stimulants, ganglion
blocking agents).
- Neuromuscular blocking agents and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
TU2: Autocoids
- Histamine, Antihistaminics.
- Serotonin, agonists and antagonists.
- Arachidonic acid metabolites.
- Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System, Plasmakinins, VIP, neurotensin,
substance P, PAF.
TU3: Drugs in Ocular Pharmacology
- Mydriatic and miotic agents and drugs used in glaucoma. Brief review of
pathology
 Clinical Pharmacology II Practical
PU1: Students will study generic and proprietary drugs available in the local
hospital and community pharmacies used for the management of the respective
disease conditions. Emphasis will be laid on the dosage form, route of administration,
indications, contraindications, side effects, interactions and also their generic and
trade names.

PHT246: Community/Hospital Pharmacy Practice

 Part I -Hospital Pharmacy
TU1: Status of health delivery systems in Cameroon.
- Definition and role of hospitals in the health delivery systems.
- Types of hospitals.
TU2: Hospital Pharmacy
- Definition, functions and objectives of hospital pharmacy.
- Location, layout and flow chart of material and men, personnel and
facilities required including equipments.
TU3: Drug distribution system in Hospitals
i) Out patients
ii) In patients: Detailed discussion of:
 Unit dose dispensing
 Floor ward stock system and satellite pharmacy services
 Central sterile services, bed side pharmacy
 Prepackaging.
TU4: Over the Counter (OTC) Drugs
- Its establishment, dispensing, personnel, space, equipment, apparatus and
other facilities required to achieve safe, efficient and speedy dispensing of
drugs.

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 TU5: Maintenance of records of issue and use of narcotics and dangerous drugs,
ward stock medicines and emergency drugs.
TU6: Medical Stores Objectives, layout facilities; procedures for procurement of
drugs and supplies from medical stores depot, manufacturer, distributor, local market,
procedure and limits of emergency purchase.
TU7: Pharmacy Therapeutics Committee.
- Constitution and functions of Pharmacy therapeutics committee.
- Hospital formulary system and its organization, functions and composition.
TU8: Drug Information service and drug information bulletin
TU9: Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals in hospitals
- Sterile Manufacturing: Large and small volume parenterals, facilities,
requirements, layout, production planning, manpower requirements.
- Non-sterile manufacture: Liquid orals, external bulk concentrates.
TU10: Surgical instruments, hospital equipments and health accessories:
Nomenclature and uses.
 Part II- Clinical Pharmacy
TU11: Introduction to clinical pharmacy practice
- Definition and scope, common daily terminology used in the practice of
medicine, functioning and working of clinical pharmacy unit, manpower
requirements.
TU12: Pharmacists and patient counseling including specific examples
TU13: Drug interactions of clinical important drugs
- Introduction and Definitions
- Mechanism of drug interactions, Drug - Drug Interactions with reference to
Analgesics, Diuretics, Cardiovascular drugs, Gastrointestinal agents,
Vitamins and Hypoglycemic drugs.
TU14: Compliance to treatment and role of pharmacist
- mpact of diseases on drug action
TU15: Drugs in clinical toxicity.
- General treatment of poisoning,
- Systemic antidotes.
- Treatment of poisoning due to insecticides,
- Heavy metals, narcotics, barbiturates
- Organophosphorous compounds
TU16: Pharmaco –economics.

PHT247:Biomedical Statistics, and Information, Education and

Communication
 Biomedical Statistics

Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical information.

Content:

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 - Variables (Qualitative and quantitative)
- Presentation of data: bar charts, pie diagrams, histograms and tables,
frequency and frequency distribution
- Summarization of quantitative and qualitative data: mean, median and
mode, standard deviations and standard errors, proportions etc
- The concept and principles of significance tests and confidence intervals
- Sampling
- Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution,
Chi squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
- Errors in statistics

 Information, Education and Communication

Definition of terms.
- Goals, objectives, priorities, basic principles, levels of intervention.
- Methods: classification, choice criteria, evaluation of population
knowledge, aptitude, attitude vis-à-vis health.
- New approaches and community involvement.
- Analysis of a community health situation: problems and resources.
- Formulation of educational objectives: choice of strategies, methods and
means.
- Drawing up of evaluation protocol.

PHT351: Analytical Chemistry and Clinical Hematology

Objective: This course is designed to give the student a background on analytical
methods used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality assurance of drugs.
Content:
1- Analytical Chemistry
TU1: Principles and methods of analysis
- Significance of qualitative analysis in quality control
- Techniques of analysis
- Types of error, precision and accuracy
TU2 : Gravimetric Analysis
- Precipitation techniques
- Solubility product
- Colloidal states
- Suppersaturation
- Coprecipitation, filtration papers, thermogravimetric curves
TU3 : Titrimetric Analysis
- Fundamentals of volumetric analysis
- Methods of Concentration expression
- Acid – base or Neutralization titrations

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 - Redox, Iodometric, precipitation, complexometric, potentiometric
titrations.
TU4 : Separation Techniques
i) Bulk separation eg filtration.
- Temperature dependent effects (distillation, evaporation, and drying)
- Solubility effects (solvent extraction, crystallization and precipitation)
- Ion exchange ( dialysis and lyophilization)
- Instrumental Separations
- Chromatographic Techniques e.g GC, HPLC, TLC etc
- Spectroscopic methods
 Pratical Training
PU1: Introduction to analytical tools, calibration of instruments
PU2: Standardization experiments
PU3: Titrimetric analyses
PU4: Experiments based on gravimetric analysis
PU5: Experiments on complexometric, redox titrations
PU6: Non-aqueous titrations using percHCMoric acid
PU7: Experiments on drug syntheses and purity determinations
2- Clinical Hematology
Objective:
- To familiarize students with basic notions of hematology and blood
banking
- To enable students know the hematological reactions to drugs
- To enable students understand the side effects of blood transfusion and
how to minimize these effects.
Content:
TU1: General notions of blood function and composition
TU2: Theoretical and practical aspects of laboratory diagnosis of primary
and secondary disorders of blood and blood forming organs including anaemia,
leukaemia and coagulation serum defects.
TU3: Haematologic reactions to drugs
TU4: Drug-induced hemolysis, immune haemolysis
TU5: Reactions primarily affecting granulocytes
TU6: Drug-induced thrombocytopenia
TU7: Other hypersensitivity reactions
- Lymphadenopathy and atypical lymphocytes
- Marked esinophilia
TU8: Physiology of haematopoiesis
TU9: Analysis of various blood parameters
TU10: Blood as a drug
TU11: Blood grouping and blood transformation.
TU12: Blood coagulation factors

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 TU13: Cameroon blood policy
TU14: The role of the laboratory in anticoagulant therapy.

PHT352: Health Information Systems and Health Economics

 Health Information Systems

Objective: The main objective of this course is to enable the student to be able to
Collect, summarize, analyze and present health information from an individual patient
and community, in a manner that it can be useful in taking important decisions on
individual patients and on the community and the health system.

Content:

TU1: Definition and goals.

TU2: Statistical elements: units, populations, samples.
TU3: Statistical sources; statistical calculations.
TU4: The Health Information Process.
TU5: Data collection, collection media, forwarding, treatment.
TU6: Analysis and interpretation; feedback and decision taking.
TU7: Computerization of Health information
TU8: Role of health information in health care management.

 Health Economics

Objective: The main objective is to enable students appreciate the economic

dimensions involved in the provision of efficient health care in a manner that it will be
effective, equitable, affordable and sustainable, to a vast majority of the population
at the same time minimizing all the available resources, especially when these
resources Are often limited and are in high competition with other aspects of social
life.

Content:
1. Basic concepts in health economics:
- The offer;
- The request;
- The financing of the health.
2. Concept of the market in health
- The supply of care;
- Request of care;
- Financing of care.
3. The funding to health

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 - Social protection;
- Pooling of the financing of the Health;
4. Financing of Health in Cameroon
- Community funding (CNPS, mutual health and system put in place by the
state for public servants);
- Non-Community funding (budget of the ministries concerned, public
health and other…);
- Bilateral and multilateral cooperation (NGOS, other donors …).
5. The Health Planning
6. Health system and theirassessment
- Effectiveness;
- Efficiency;
- Cost;
- Effectiveness/efficiency;
- Cost / efficiency.

PHT353: Pharmaceutical III and Pharmacognosy III,Pharmaceutical III and

Pharmacognosy III: Practice
 Pharmaceutical III

Objective: This course exposes the students to:

- The composition of dosage forms, the properties and characteristics of
ingredients used in the different pharmaceutical formulations
- Enhance students‘ knowledge and skills in basic pharmaceutical
operations (particle size reduction and separation, Mixing and
homogenization, Clarification and filtration, Extraction processes)
- Introduce the students to the various type of packaging materials, their
advantages, limitations and uses.
Content :
TU1: Capsules:
- Advantages and disadvantages of capsule dosage form
- Material for production of hard gelatin capsule, size of capsules,
- Methods of capsule filling, soft gelatin capsule shell and capsule content,
- Importance of base adsorption and minim/gm factors in soft capsule,
- Quality control, stability testing and storage of capsule dosage forms.
- Micro-encapsulation : Types of microcapsule, importance of
microencapsulation in pharmacy, microencapsulation by multi orifice
- Spray drying, spray congealing, polymerization, complex, formulation,
emulsion, air
- Suspension technique, coating pan and other techniques, evaluation of
micro capsules.

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TU2: Tablets:
- Formulation of different types of tablets, granulation technology on large-
scale by various techniques, physics of tablets making, different types of
tablet compression machinery and the equipments employed, evaluation
of tablets.
- Coating of Tablets: Types of coating, film forming materials, formulation of
coating solution, equipments for coating process, evaluation of coated
tablet. Stability kinetics and quality assurance.
- Approaches to Sustained and controlled release dosage forms. In-vitro
methods of evaluation.
- Formulation and evaluation of Ophthalmic, Nasal and Ear products.

TU3: Parenteral Products:

- Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection,
- Pyrogenicity, nonaqueous vehicles.
- Formulation details, containers and closures and their selection.
- Prefilling treatment, washing of containers and closures, preparation of
solution and suspensions, filling and sealing of ampoules, vial, infusion
fluids, lyophilization
- Preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large scale manufacture
and evaluation of parenteral products.
TU4: Surgical Products:
- Definition, primary wound dressing, absorbents, surgical cotton, surgical
gauzes etc,
- Bandages, adhesive type, protective cellulosic hemostasis, official
dressings, absorbable and non-absorbable sutures, ligatures and catguts.
- Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products: Packaging component types,
specifications and methods of evaluation, stability aspects of packaging
equipments, factors influencing choice of containers, legal and other
official requirements for containers, package testing.

 Pharmaceutics III Practicals

PU1: Preparation, Evaluation, Packing of the following dosage forms.

- Capsules : chlororamphénicol capsules IP
- Parenteral : Dextrose – NaCl IV infusion IP
- Parenteral : Metronidazole infusion
- Eye drops: chlororamphénicol eyedrop
PU2: Evaluation of Materials used in pharmaceutical packaging.

 Pharmacognosy III

Objective: At the end of this study, students will discover the biological sources of some
chemicals, how their presence is being tested, their uses, etc.

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Content :
TU1: Carbohydrates:
- Biological sources, chemical constituents, adulterants and uses of: Starches,
Acacia gum, Tragacanth, Sterculia, Guargum, Plantago, Pectin, Sodium
alginate, Agar, Baeland Honey.
TU2: Lipids:
- Biological sources, chemical constituents, adulterants & uses of: Arachis oil,
castor oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, chalmogra oil, shark liver oil,
cod liver oil, neem oil, kokum bitter, rice bran oil, guggul lipids.
TU3: Tannins
- Biological sources, chemical constituents, chemical test and uses of: pale
catechu, black catechu, Nutgalls, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula,
Terminalia arjuna.
TU4: Volatile oils
- Biological sources, chemical constituents, adulterants and uses of: Black
pepper, Turpentine, Mentha, Cinnamon, Cassia, Lemon peel, Orange peel,
Lemon grass, Citronella, Caraway, Dill, Spearmint, Clove, Anise, Star anise,
Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Palmarosa, Cardamom, Gaultheria.
TU5: Resinous drugs
- Classification, formation and chemical nature. Biological sources, chemical
constituents, identification test, adulterants and uses of: Benzoin, Peru
balsam, Tolu balsam, Colophony, Myrrh, Jalap, Colocynth, Ginger, Turmeric,
Capsicum, Cannabis, Podophyllum.
TU6: Glycosides
- Nature and classification. Biological sources, chemical constituents,
adulterants and uses of: Digitalis, strophathus, squill, oleander, cascara, aloe,
rhubarb, senna, quassia, quillaia, glycyrrhiza, ginseng, gentian, senega, ruta,
wild cherry, Bitter almond. Biosynthesis of Cardiac and anthraquinone
glycoside.
TU6: Alkaloids
- Biological sources, chemical constituents, adulterants and uses of:
Belladonna, Hyoscymus, Stramonium, Lobelia, Coca, Coffee, Tea, Cinchona,
Opium, Ipecac, Nux vomica, Ergot, Rauwolfia, Physostigma, Vinca, Veratrum,
EPWdra, Colchicum, Pilocarpus, Aconite, Solanum xathocarpum. Biosynthesis
of tropane, cinchona and opium alkaloids.

 Pharmacognosy III Practical

PU1: Identification of drugs studied in theory on the basis of morphological and

sensory characters.
PU2: Microscopy of: Quassia, Cinchona, Ipecac, Nux vomica, Rauwolfia,
Cinnamon, Caraway, Clove, Fennel, And Aconite.

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 PU3: Chemical tests of: Starches, Acacia gum, Tragacath, Cinchona, Ipecac,
Nux vomica, EPWdra, Colchicum.
PU4: Pharmacognosy tour for field identification of medicinal and aromatic
plants.
PU5: Preparation of herbarium sheets and monograph on one of the collected
plant during tour.

PHT354: Clinical Pharmacology III, Clinical Pharmacology III: Practice

 Clinical Pharmacology III

Objectives: At the end of this study, the students will be required to know;
- The drugs of the nervous system, their Mode of action, side effects,
interactions, toxicity and management
- Management of the various kinds of pains and other inflammatory
conditions.
- The various drugs that act on the cardiovascular system and the
combination therapy in the of drug toxicity.
- Treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular related diseases.
- The dose, side effects, drug interaction and management of toxicity of
the drugs studied
Content:
TU1: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System;
- Synaptic transmission in the CNS.
- General anaesthetics, Dissociative and neurolept- anaesthesia.
- Hypnotics; sedatives and Alcohol.
- Antiepileptics.
- Psychopharmacological agent.
- Antiparkinsonian drugs.
- Non-steroidal analgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic agents,
drugs used in gout.
- Narcotic analgesics, opiod pois oning and treatment.
- CNS stimulants and Nootropic agents.
- Local anaesthetics.
TU2: Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System
- Cardiac glycosides and positive ionotropic agents.
- Antiarrhythmic drugs.
- Antihypertensive drugs.
- Coronary vasodilators and drugs used in angina.
- Hypolipidemic drugs.
- Fibrinolytic agents.
- Nitric oxide.

 Clinical Pharmacology III Practical

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PU1: Stages of chlororamphénicol and ether anesthesia with and without
premedication.
PU2: Study of PWnobarbitone induced hypnosis (Demonstration).
PU3: Seminars on the drugs studied in theory.
PHT355: Pharmaceutical Chemistry III and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Practice III
 Pharmaceutical Chemistry III

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should understand the
- Chemistry (structure, physical and chemical properties)
- Structure activity relationships of drugs in relation to pharmacodynamic
and pharmacokinetic profile
- Sources/synthesis, classification and the application of drugs studied.
Content:
TU1: The cardiovascular system
- Cardiac glycosides and positive ionotropic agents.
- Antiarrhythmic drugs.
- Antihypertensive drugs.
- Coronary vasodilators and drugs used in angina.
- Hypolipidemic drugs.
- Fibrinolytic agents.
- Nitric oxide.
TU2: Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System
- General anesthetics
- sedative-hypnotics
- anticonvulsants
- antipsychotics
- anxiolytics
- antidepressants
- hallucinogens
- antiparkinson agents
- opiate analgesics
- nonopiate analgesics
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
- Drugs Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System: Local anesthetics,
skeletal muscle relaxants.
- Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System: Adrenergic agents,
antiadrenergic agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic and
antispasmodic agents, histamine and antihistamines.
 Pharmaceutical Chemistry III Practical

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 PU1: Studies of the synthetic and metabolic pathways of some of the drugs
studied in theory.

PHT356: Clinical Internship and Research Project Evaluation

 Clinical Internship

 Research Project Evaluation

PHT357: Occupationnal medicine, Civics education and Law

 Occupationnal medicine

 Civic Education and Ethics: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, sPW

 Concepts:
- The citizen;
- The nation;
- The State;
- Public goods - collective property;
- The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Problem of ethics,
- Ethics, Law and reason;
- Management and ethics of responsibility;

- Ethics and management

 Medical law
Objective: To know the components of medical law.
Content:
- Chapter one: criminal law
- Chapter two: criminal responsibility
- Chapter three: labour law
- Chapter four: some rights of the employee under the labour rule
- Chapter five: civil status registration
- Chapter six: right of women and children under the code
- Chapter seven: tort
- Chapter eight: inheritance, succession and wills
- Chapter night: introduction to human right
- Chapter ten: some international right instruments.

PHT361:Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Legislation

 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
 Pharmaceutical Legislation

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 Objective:
Content:
TU1: Historical Background of Drug legislation in Cameroon, Code of Ethics for
Pharmacists.
TU2: Role of the Cameroon Pharmacy association
TU3: Drug Laws (A detailed study: Case study (actual/simulated)
- Prevention of cruelty of animals act.
- Pharmacy Act 1948.
- Drugs and cosmetic Act 1940, Rules 1945.
- Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, and Rules there under.
- Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954.
- Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955, Rules 1976.
- Poison Act.
- Factory Act.
- Medical termination of pregnancy Act.
- The Drug (price control) order.
- The Insecticide Act.

PHT362: Community Health and Hygiene Sanitation

 Community Health

Objective: The students should be able to identify factors which influence the health of
the population and how to deal with them appropriately
Content:

TU1: Health Care

- Background of community health in Cameroon
- History and evolution of PHC in Cameroon
- Reorientation of PHC and its objectives / implementation in Cameroon.
 Man Power
 Other resources
 Alma-Ata declaration of PHC
 Lusaka Conference. Bamako initiative (implication in Cameroon)
 Organization and functioning
 Health coverage
 Community health
 Levels of health care:
 Central
 Intermediate and
 Peripheral levels.
 The Health District
 Health Area
 An integrated health center

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  Minimum package of activities of:
 An integrated health center
 A district hospital
 Principles of care in an integrated health center
TU2: Health care financing
 Co-financing
 Co-management
 Community participation
 Cost Recovery
 Essential drugs
 Intersectoral and multisectoral collaboration
 Dialogue structure
 Description
 Criteria for selecting members.
 Functions of a health community
 Group dynamics
 Leadership
 Motivation
 Supervision
 Meetings
Community survey/community study.
 Hygiene and Sanitation
Objective:
Content:
- Definition and objectives
- Microorganisms and infection
- Notions of general Epidemiology
- Field notions: Resistive, receptivity
- Personal hygiene
- Nutrition
- Environmental hygiene
- Hospital hygiene
- Nosocomial infections and infection control
- Nursing hygiene

PHT363: Pharmaceutical IV and Pharmacognosy IV,Pharmaceutical IV and

Pharmacognosy IV: Practice
 Pharmaceutical IV

Objective: This course exposes the students to;

- The composition of dosage forms, the properties and characteristics of
ingredients used in the different pharmaceutical formulations

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 - Enhance students‘ knowledge and skills in basic pharmaceutical
operations (particle size reduction and separation, Mixing and
homogenization, Clarification and filtration, Extraction processes)
- Introduce the students to the various type of packaging materials, their
advantages, limitations and uses.
Content:
TU1: Study of physical properties of drug like;
- Physical form
- particle size, shape, density, wetting, dielectric constant, Solubility,
dissolution and organoleptic properties and their effect on formulation,
stability and bioavailability.
TU2: Liquid Dosage Forms:
- Introduction, types of additives used in formulations, vehicles, stabilizers,
preservatives, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, solubilizers, colors,
flavours and others
- Manufacturing packaging & evaluation of clear liquids, suspensions and
emulsions.
TU3: Semisolid Dosage Forms:
- Definitions, types, mechanisms of drug penetration, factors influencing
penetration,
- Semisolid bases and their selection,
- General formulation of semisolids, clear gels & manufacturing procedure,
evaluation and packaging.
TU4: Suppositories:
- Ideal requirements, bases, manufacturing procedure
- Packaging and evaluation.
TU5: Pharmaceutical Aerosols:
- Definition, Propellants, general formulation
- Manufacturing and packaging methods, pharmaceutical applications.
TU6: Cosmetology and cosmetic Preparations:
- Structure of skin, formulation of cold cream, vanishing cream, and
cleansing cream, all purpose cream, protective cream, antiperspirants,
deodorant, face powder.
- Hair structure, Shampoos, Conditioner, Shaving and after shaving
products,
- Dentifrice & Mouthwash,
- Lipstick
- Nail lacquer.

 Pharmaceutics IV Practical

Preparation, evaluation, and packing of:

PU1Liquid Orals

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PU2: Solutions: Strong Sodium salicylate oral solution BP, CHCMoraLydrate oral solution
BP
PU3: Suspensions: Magnesium sulphate oral suspension BP Milk of magnesia IP,
Aluminium hydroxide gel IP
PU4: Emulsions: Liquid paraffin oral emulsion BP
PU5: Semi-Solids: Ointments: Salicylic acid ointment BP, Whitfield ointment BP,
Compound benzoic acid ointment
PU6: Preparation of cosmetic preparations
- Cold cream
- Cream shampoo
- Clear liquid shampoo
- Cleansing cream
- Protective cream, Sunscreen lotion, After shave lotion, Hand cream

 Pharmacognosy IV

Objectives: The students will be required to know;

- The various methods to isolate plant constituents
- The various plant products and their pharmacological action
- The different traditional medical systems
- The importance of traditional medicine
- Compare and contrast conventional and traditional medicine The uses
of various medicinal plants
Content:
TU1: Isolation Techniques
- General methods used for the isolation and characterisation of alkaloids,
lipids, glycosides, proteins, volatile oils, bioflavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and
resins. Application of Column, Paper, Thin Layer, Ion Exchange and Gel
chromatographic techniques, &partitioning methods for the isolation of
phytopharmaceuticals.
TU2: Plant Biotechnology
- Tissue culture, Nutritional requirements, Callus and suspension culture,
production of secondary metabolites, viz. Shikonin and Taxol.
- Biotransformation, immobilisation of cells and enzymes. Gene transfer in
plants, application of plant biotechnology.
TU3: Methods of adulteration
- Deterioration of herbal drugs by insect. Evaluation of drugs by organoleptic,
microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods. WHO guidelines.
TU4: Quality control and Standardization of herbal drugs
- Extractive values, ash values, chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPTLC
and HPLC) for determination of chromatographic markers, spectroscopic
techniques and assay methods. Determination of heavy metals in herbal
preparation and alcohol contents in Aristas and balsams.

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 - Quality control and rational use of herbal drugs as per WHO guidelines.
TU5: Traditional Medicine and some Herbal formulations
- Principles involved in Ayurveda, Sidha, Unani, Chinese and Homeopathic
systems of medicines, preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like Aristas,
Asava, Ghutika, Tailia, Churna, Avaleha, Ghrita and Bhasms; Unani
formulations like Majooms, Safoofs.
TU6: Herbal cosmetics
- Shampoos (soapnut), Conditioners, (Amla, Henna, Hibiscus, Tea), Hair
darkeners (Amla, Henna), Skin care (Aloe, Turmeric)
TU7: pharmacologically active drugs on the various systems of the bodye.g. on the
cardiovascular system, gastro intestinal and respiratory systems etc.
- Common names, sources, active constituents and uses of: Peppermint
(MeNTDa pepperita), Ginger ( Zingiber officinalis), Garlic ( Allium sativum),
Onion (Allium cepa), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Valerian (Valerian officinalis),
Artemisia (Artemisia annua), Chirata (Swertia chirata), Ginseng (Panax
ginseng), Saffron (Crocus sativa) etc
 Pharmacognosy IV Practical
PU1: Herbal formulation of Shampoos.
PU2: Preparation and evaluation of herbal drugs.
PU3: Identification of some traditional herbal drugs in the locality
PU4: Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography

PHT364: Clinical Pharmacology IV, Clinical Pharmacology IV: Practice

 Clinical Pharmacology IV

Objectives: At the end of this study, the students will know

- The management of acid related diseases and other illnesses of the gastro
intestinal tract
- The treatment of non-productive and productive cough
- The management of asthma
- Drugs used in treating anemia, mineral and vitamin deficiencies, and the
treatment of electrolyte imbalances.

Content:
TU1: Drugs Acting on Gastrointestinal System
- Purgatives.
- Antidiarrhoeal drugs.
- Antacids and treatment of peptic ulcers.
- Emetics and antiemetics.
- Prokinetic agents.
TU2: Drugs Acting on Respiratory System
- Expectorants.

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 - Antitussives, bronchodilators & other anti asthmatics
- Drugs used in common cold & nasal decongestants
TU3: Drugs Acting on the Blood and Blood Forming Agents
- Coagulants.
- Anticoagulants.
- Haematinics (iron, vitamin B12 and Folic acid).
- Plasma expanders.
- Diuretics
TU4: Psychopharmcological Agents:
- Antianxiety drugs- Diazepam, cHCMordiaze Poxide.
- Antidepressants – Imipramine, Amitriptyline Fluoxetine.
- Antispasmodic and Antiulcer drugs-Dicyclomine, Ranitidine, Omeprazole.
- Antipsychotic- Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol.
- Stimulants & Anoretics
- Sedatives, Hypnotics & Anesthetics
- Anti convulsant & anti parkinsonian drugs
TU5: Vitamins, macro & micro minerals
 Clinical Pharmacology IV Practical
Students will study drugs of the various systems and other drugs in this unit
(especially anti anemic, vitamins and macro minerals) available in the local hospital
and community pharmacies. Emphasis will be laid on dose, route of administration,
indications, contraindications, side effects, and also their generic and trade names.

PHT365: Pharmaceutical Chemistry IV

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should understand the
- Chemistry (structure, physical and chemical properties)
- Structure activity relationships of drugs in relation to pharmacodynamic
and pharmacokinetic profile
- Sources/synthesis, classification and the application of drugs studied.
Content:
TU1: Antihyperlipidaemics
TU2: The hormonal system
TU3: Inorganic pharmaceuticals
TU4: Radiopharmaceuticals

PHT366:Clinical Internship & Research Project Evaluation

Content:
While on the field for the last internship, students will be expected to carry out an
individual research based on the proposals they have submitted. Students will be
expected to defend their findings before the jury as a fundamental requirement for
the award of the Higher Professional Diploma in Pharmacy Technology.

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PHT367: Professional Ethics &Deontology
Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.
Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.

1. Health care Ethics

 Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
 Bioethics
 MLS Ethics
 Moral Development
 Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence,
Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
 Code of Ethics health workers.
 Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of
The Elderly, Patients Rights
 Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
 Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
2. Patient Rights:
 Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
 Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional secrecy,
Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
 Code of ethics.
 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law
3. Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
4. Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination of
labor contracts
5. Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights

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  Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
6. Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulate
 on of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
DENTAL THERAPY

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: DENTAL THERAPY

1. Objective of the training

The aim of this course is to develop basic orthodontic skills in dental therapy that will
meet the needs of orthodontic practice and the standards required by the Dental
Practice

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Possess the spirit of teamwork, especially in interdisciplinary situations and
to master the functioning of the Cameroonian health system;
- Be responsible and reflective;
- Recognize your emotions and use them with the necessary professional
skills;
- Have proven trust and confidence;
- Have critical ability and questioning;
- Develop ethical and a professional values;
- Possess interpersonal and marketing skills
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the well-defined fields of its
function.

 Specific skills

- Provide essential dental therapy in the absence of the dental surgeon;

- Assist the dental surgeon to carry out consultations and more
complicated procedures;
- Provide consultative, educational, research and other advisory services;
- Acquire the ability to adapt dental care to African conditions (the
Cameroonian context as well) by using his/her creativity to devise therapy
using local materials and to function comfortably in the African
(Cameroonian) sociological context;
- Demonstrate a basic ability to appropriately use orthodontic instruments
and equipment
- To provide a course of education and training that will enable dental
therapists to assist an orthodontist in the provision of treatment and
preventive services.
3. Opportunities
- Public function;
- Hospitals and private clinics;
- NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations);

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 - Self-employment;
- Occupational Medicine ;
- Research and training.

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Dental Therapy
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses titles L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy - Physiology 1Cell Biology-
DTH111 30 15 10 5 60 4
Histology - General Chemistry
Microbiology I - Bacteriology -
DTH112 60 5 5 5 75 5
parasitology - Biochemistry
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DTH113 Dental Histology and Embryology 50 20 15 5 90 6
DTH114 Dental, Oral anatomy and Physiology 20 15 5 5 45 3
Oral microbiology and asepsis
DTH115 Internship I hospital immersion/ Medical 40 15 30 5 90 6
Nursing Techniques
DTH116 Oral and Dental pathologies 25 10 5 5 45 3
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Medical law - French medical - Medical
DTH117 35 5 / 5 45 3
English - ICT
Total 260 85 70 35 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:Dental Therapy
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
DTH121 Anatomy and Physiology 2 30 15 10 5 60 4
General Pharmacology and Elementary
DTH122 40 15 15 5 75 5
Mathematics II
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DTH123 Operative Dentistry 25 15 15 5 60 4
DTH124 Oral Diagnosis and treatment planning I 40 15 15 5 75 5
DTH125 Restorative dentistry 40 15 15 5 75 5
Internship: Introductory Bloc Posting in
DTH126 / / 60 / 60 4
Hospital
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DTH127 Communication Sciences 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 205 80 135 30 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Dental Therapy
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
DTH231 Health Economics 40 20 10 5 75 5
DTH232 Health Information system 30 15 10 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DTH233 Science of Dental Materials 25 15 15 5 60 4
DTH234 Endodontics / Paedodontics 40 20 10 5 75 5
DTH235 Dental Ergonomics 30 15 25 5 75 5
DTH236 Internship : Clinical Practice-Bloc Posting II 0 0 60 0 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DTH237 Functional English and french 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 195 90 135 30 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Dental Therapy
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
DTH241 Community and Preventive Dentistry 40 20 10 5 75 5
DTH242 Health management 30 10 15 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DTH243 Periodontics / Periodontology 40 15 15 5 75 5
DTH244 Dental anaesthesiology 25 10 20 5 60 4
DTH245 Oral Hygiene and Dental caries 40 10 20 5 75 5
DTH246 Clinical Internship 3 / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DTH247 Functional French 25 10 5 5 45 3
Total 200 75 145 30 450 30

Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Dental Therapy
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Health Care Management and
DTH351 40 9 0 11 60 4
Administration
Structure, Function and Maintenance of
DTH352 50 12 0 13 75 5
Equipment
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Full DentureProsthodonticsand Partial
DTH353 20 15 35 5 75 5
Denture Prosthodontics
DTH354 Pediatric Dentistry 30 15 10 5 60 4
DTH355 Orthodontics 40 20 10 5 75 5
DTH356 Clinical Internship 4 / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Research and Biostatistics-Health Care
DTH357 20 10 10 5 45 3
Ethics
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

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Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Dental Therapy
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title Of Credits
L T P SPW Total
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and
DTH361 45 15 10 5 75 5
Immunization
DTH362 Nursing care Technics 30 10 15 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DTH363 Dental Radiology 20 10 25 5 60 4
DTH364 Oral and Dental Surgery 35 15 20 5 75 5
DTH365 Research Project 10 10 40 15 75 5
DTH366 Clinical Internship 5 / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DTH367 Civics and Ethics - ICT 25 10 5 5 45 3
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

DTH111: Anatomy - Physiology I - Cell Biology- Histology - General

Chemistry

 Cell Biology - Histology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Cell Biology and Histology
 The cell:
- Structure;
- Multiplication;
- Physiology;
 The tissue:
- Epithelial tissue;
- Connective tissue;
- Nervous tissue;
- Concept of genetics.
 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Nervous System
- Histology of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system: nervous influx,
transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse, driving plate), arc
reflex;
- Organization of the central nervous system and functional localization:
spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain, meninges and CSF;
- System Device nervous, cranial nerves, plexus;
- Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System
- Endocrine pancreas;
- Thyroid: anatomy - Histology - physiology;
- Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
- Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology.
- System hypothalamo-pituitary;
- The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye : the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- Smell: Taste;
- Touch.
4. System Musculoskeletal
- Ceos;
- The osteites;
- The osteomyelitis.
5. Digestive System

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 - General topography;
- The peritoneum;
- Main categories of foods :
 Energy needs;
 Animal heat.
6. Urinary system
- Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the ureters,
the urethra and bladder;
- Excretory Role of the skin.

 General Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Mixture and pure body

2. The major processes of immediate analysis
3. Simple body-to-body composed
4. Constitution of the material:atoms, molecules and ions
5. Chemical notation, symbol, Valencia, formula
6. The fundamental laws of Combinations: chemical equation, acids, bases, salts,
concept of PH, equivalent, nomenclature, redox, degree of oxidation, catalysis.

DTH112: Microbiology I - Bacteriology - Parasitology - Biochemistry

 Microbiology - Bacteriology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction to the Bacteriology

- Place in the living world and ecological role of micro-organisms
(saprophytes, commensalism, symbiosis and pathogens).
2. General Bacteriology
- Structure of the bacterial cell, nutrition and growth, metabolism
(anaerobic, aerobic conditions, fermentation), reproduction and genetics
(genetic transfer, mutation), pathogenicity (notions of virulence, toxin).
3. Bacterial Ecology
- Role of the field, reference mechanism of the host against the infection
(Immunosuppression, opportunistic bacteria, nosocomial infections).
4. Presentation of the bacterialsystematic
5. Study of the main species or bacterial groups pathogenic for man or likely
to be
- Staphylococci, Streptococci, pneumococci, gonococcus, (history,
habitat and epidemiology, fill pathogen, Bacteriological characters,
diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis).
6. Bacteriological techniques
- Basic Techniques (microscopic examinations, insulation and
identification), different types of levy in Clinical Bacteriology (technical

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 and transport), methods of sterilization and preparation of media of
cultures.
7. Procedures for the sending of samples and of bacterial strains
8. Techniques of conventional identifications (1st part).

 Parasitology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Systematic study of human parasites, few definitions and concepts prior,

mode of parasitism
2. Location of parasites
3. Epidemiology and evolutionary cycle
4. Parasitic disease: clinical description, pathology, defense of the body;
5. Prophylaxis (general and individual)
 Biochemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Generality : enzyme, vitamin, a hormone

2. Basic concept of clinical biochemistry General: definition of a metering
and exploration
3. Learning of normal and abnormal physiology of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins
4. Physiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical
interest: techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal
values of biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological
variations (1st part)

DTH113: Dental Histology & Embryology

Objective: At the end of this course, the dental therapy student should have studied
the notions on histology and embryology of the teeth and gums.
Contents:
- Development of the oral and facial region.
- Development of the face and palate
- Development of the teeth.
- Eruption and exfoliation of teeth.
- Enamel. Dentine, Pulp, Cementum, Periodontium, Periodontal ligament.
- Oral mucosa, Salivary Glands.

DTH114: Dental, Oral Anatomy & Physiology

Content:
1. Descriptive Anatomy:
- Deciduous teeth
- Permanent teeth
- Dento-osseous structures.
- Arrangement of the teeth

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 2. Head and Neck Anatomy:
- Anatomical nomenclature
- Regions of the head
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system.
- Blood supply
- Glandular tissue
- Nervous system
- Lymphatic system.

DTH115: Oral Microbiology & Asepsis and Internship I : Hospital

Immersion/Medical Nursing Techniques
 Oral Microbiology & Asepsis
Content:
1- Origin, development, and scope of microbiology: origin of microbiology,
development of microbiology, germ theory of disease, development of oral
microbiology, scope of microbiology.
2- General microbiology: bacterial cytology, bacterial physiology, bacterial
metabolism,
3- Infection and resistance: non acquired body defense, acquired body defense,
hypersensitivity,
4- Oral infection: the microbial flora of the oral cavity; streptococcus salivarius,
streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis, etc.
5- Infectious diseases: Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections, gram
negative cocci, corynobacterium etc.
6- Asepsis.
 Internship I: Hospital Immersion/Medical Nursing Techniques

DTH116: Oral and Dental Pathologies

Contents:
1. ODP Semiology
2. Developmental disturbances of aral and paraoral structures
3. Dental caries, pathology of the pulp and periapical tissue.
4. Pathology of the periodontium, oral, face and neck infections
5. Oro-dental radiodiagnosis,
6. Cysts of the oral cavity, pathology of the salivary glands
7. Oral malignancies.
8. Oral Manifestations of systemic Disease

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 DTH117: Functional English/ Functional French
Objective: Upon completion of the course, the students should efficiently
communicate with his/her colleagues and the patient in English and in French.
Grammar, Conjugation, curriculum Vitae, Letter writing, reading Comprehension,
Listening comprehension.Tenses. Also, besides grammar, a special emphasis should be
placed on common vocabulary in the medical work.

Content:
1. History and socio-cultural background of English in Cameroon
2. Brief introduction to the structure of English
3. Phoneme
4. MorPWme
5. Word
6. Phrase
7. Sentence
8. Discourse
9. Basic grammaticfunctionist
10. Subject
11. Object
12. Grammatic categories: gender, personal number, count and non count
nouns
13. Spelling and punctuation
14. Word formation
15. Collocations
16. Prepositions
17. Some confusable works
18. Synonyms, autonyms
19. Figure of speech
20. Idiomatic expressions
21. Reported speech
22. Difference between British and American English (pronunciation, grammar
and vocabulary)
23. Sound of English: in isolation and in connected speech
24. Sentence stress and intonation
25. Types of discourse: expository, descriptive, narrative
26. Note taking ( in lectures, in meetings)
27. Turn taking conversational English
28. Basic techniques of reading
29. Basic techniques of writing
30. Formal and informal letters
31. Application for a job
32. Administrative letters
33. Invitations

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 34. Writing CV
35. Writing minutes of meetings
36. General characteristics of the language in accordance with the area of
specialization
37. Technical writing
38. Writing technical report
39. Writing projects
40. Writing technical instructions
41. Summarizing documents
42. Techniques in public speaking
43. Techniques of negotiation

 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

Objective : Ce cours de ―French‖ a pour but de former des locateurs compétents pour
pouvoir faire face à des situations courantes de communication en maîtrisant les
différents paramètres de l‘échange tels que le lieu, le temps, les interlocuteurs, les
statuts de locateurs, les affectivités etc. Il vise également à amener les apprenants à
être capable de comprendre et de produire à l‘oral comme à l‘écrit, des énoncés en
langue française sur des sujets variés touchant leur domaine de prédilection, dont la
médicine.

Indicative Content:
1. Vocabulaire
A. Introduction générale: apprendre ou ne pas apprendre le français? Pourquoi?
Avantages et ouverture.
- Saluer; se présenter quelqu‘un
- Demander une information; demander quelque chose, les sons [ i ], [ j ], [ y
], [ w ]; Demander une information, Proposer / accepter ou refuser une
proposition; Demander une information; [ m ], [n ], [ ] , Donner son opinion
- Exprimer ses préférences; les sons [ p ], [ b ]
- Préciser son identité; les sons [ i ], [ y ]
- S‘excuser et se justifier; le son [ r ], [ ], Dire l‘heure
- Parler de soi; les sons [ u ], [ i ], [ y ]; les sons [ ], [ a ]
B. Caractériser les lieux (ce qu‘on voit)
C. Caractériser des personnes (ce que l‘on voit) Identifier et caractériser des
personnes
D. Savoir téléphoner; communiquer, les sons [ e ], [ ε ], [ ə ], [ ø ]
E. Exprimer ses besoins et ses goûts, ses préférences et les justifier les sons [9 ], [ k ], [
∫ ], [ З
F. La négation; donner des ordres; répondre à des ordres.
G. L‘interrogation; proposer, accepter / refuser une idée les sons [ ѕ ], [ z ], [ t ], [ d ],
H. Medical French (medical terminologies in French).
2. Grammaire

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 1. Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés – présent, passé
composé ; imparfait, futur, conditionnel, et plus-que-parfait, l‘impératif,
l‘infinitif, voix passive ;
2. De l‘adjectif : Qualificatif, possessifs, démonstratifs, interrogatifs, numéraux,
indéfinis ;
3. Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ; dénombrable,
et non-dénombrable ;
4. Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif, indéfini ;
5. De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment, où,
quand et pourquoi ;
6. Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication
7. Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion technique ;
8. Communication orale courante ;
9. Communication orale interactive
10. De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative, déclarative,
exclamative et impérative ;
11. Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
12. synthèse d‘un long texte
13. De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de rapport,
d‘une correspondance –d‘une lettre recommandation ou de motivation,
d‘une, demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande d‘explication, d‘une réponse
à une demande d‘explication, d‘un CV ;
14. Gestion d‘une table ronde/discussion : La prise de notes, la prise de
parole
15. Expressions figées

DTH121: Anatomy and Physiology 2

 Cardiovascular System: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- The Heart
16. Anatomy: configuring external and internal structure, histology of the
heart muscle;
17. Physiology: automatism, revolution, noises of the heart, the
electrocardiogram.
2- The vessels
18. Anatomy: arteries, veins: their structure, Anatomy of the large and the
small circulation;
19. Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation and capillary.

3- The blood
20. The plasma and dissolved substances, figurative elements, hematopoiesis,
haemolysis;
21. Coagulation;

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 22. Blood group.

4- The reticulo-endothelialsystem
23. Rate, lymphatic, thymus.

 Respiratory system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- Anatomy
24. Upper airway (anatomy endoscopy and non-surgical), nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea;
25. Bronchus, lungs, pleura, anatomy and histology.

2- Physiology of Breathing
26. Mechanisms for regulating nervous;
27. Chemical phenomena.
 Digestive system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- General topography; the peritoneum

2- The main categories of food:
 Energy Needs;
 Animal heat.
 Genito-urinary system (woman-man): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1- Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the ureters, the
urethra and bladder
2- ExcretoryRole of the skin
3- Description anatomy and physiology of the genitalia of the Man and the
woman

DTH122: General Pharmacology and Elementary Mathematics

 General Pharmacology: 4 credit (60 hours); L, T, SPW
1- Definition, Origins of drugs
2- Studies of medicinalforms
3- The medical prescription: Writing and reading of a medical prescription
4- Measuringequipment and dosage
5- Routes of administration of drugs
6- Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
7- Regulation and modalities of distribution of drugs
8- Classification of medicines, a concept of toxicity
9- Prescription and dispensing of the drug to the hospital
10- Conservation and Monitoring
11- Drug intoxication
 Elementary Mathematics II
Content:
1. Descriptive statistics
2. Introduction- The tally; Frequency table; pictograms

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 3. Central tendencies: The mean; the mode; the median.
4. Frequency distribution; Variability: Range; Mean and Standard
deviation.
5. Probability:
6. Basic definitions; the possibility space; Probability of an event; Compound
events
7. Diagrammatic representation – Contingency table – Probability laws.
8. Differential Calculus:
9. The derivative: Gradient of a straight line curves; Maxima and minima
Rate of change.
10. Applications in velocity and acceleration.
11. Integral calculus:
12. Integration as anti-differentiation – Constant of integration – Table of
integration – integration as area under a curve – the definite integral.
Applications.

DTH123: Operative Dentistry

Content:
1. Introduction, Nomenclature armamentarium
2. Principles of cavity preparation. Cavity preparation for amalgam
3. Cavity preparation for silicate cement, pulp protection, cavity liners and
cavity lining procedures.
4. Temporal restorations, the restoration with Amalgam
5. Cavity Restoration with Silicate Cement.

DTH124: Oral Diagnosis and Treatment Planning I

Contents:
1. History taking in dentistry
2. Bacteria infections in the mouth
3. Viral infections in the mouth
4. Oral candidiasis
5. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
6. Oral cancer
7. Abnormalities of the lips and tongue
8. Salivary gland disease

DTH125: Restorative Dentistry

Content:
1. What Is Restorative Dentistry?
2. Types of Dental Restoration
 Direct.
 Indirect.

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 3. Dental Restoration Costs and Insurance
4. Diagnostic and communication concepts
5. Principles of tooth preparation
6. Composite resins
7. Ceramic materials
8. The impression process
9. Contemporary adhesive cements
10. Esthetic post systems
11. Finishing and polishing esthetic
12. Restorative materials
13. Dental photography
14. Periodontal plastic surgery
15. Interdisciplinary implantology
16. Biomodification of tooth discoloration

DTH126: Internship:Introductory Bloc Posting in Hospital

Content :
1. Admissions and discharge
2. Reception
3. Vital signs
4. History taking
5. Identification of basic equipments in the different departments
6. Laboratory
7. etc

DTH127: Information and Communication Techniques

 Information and Communication Techniques 1

1- Concepts and architecture of computers

2- Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3- System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information and
its multiple
4- Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5- Study of an operating system
6- Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7- Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8- Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint
 Information and communicationTechniques 2

1- Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name to

a cell range)
2- Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet

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 3- Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency) and
automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS, Average, Sum,
if
4- Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5- Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6- Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7- Data entry and analysis
8- Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9- Presentation of the types of media and networks
10- Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11- Networks withoutwires
12- Learning of a software application
13- Numbering system
14- Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

DTH231: Health Economics

 Health Economics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
Objective: The main objective is to enable students appreciate the economic
dimensions involved in the provision of efficient health care in a manner that it will be
effective, equitable, affordable and sustainable, to a vast majority of the population
at the same time minimizing all the available resources, especially when these
resources Are often limited and are in high competition with other aspects of social
life.
1- Basic concepts in health economics:
- The offer;
- The request;
- The financing of the health.

2- Concept of the market in health

- The supply of care;
- Request of care;
- Financing of care.

3- The funding to health

- Social protection;
- Pooling of the financing of the Health;

4- Financing of Health in Cameroon

- Community funding (CNPS, mutual health and system put in place by the
state for public servants);
- Non-Community funding (budget of the ministries concerned, public
health and other…);
- Bilateral and multilateral cooperation (NGOS, other donors …).

5- The Health Planning

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 6- Health system and theirassessment
- Effectiveness;
- Efficiency;
- Cost;
- Effectiveness/efficiency;
- Cost / efficiency.

DTH232: Heath Information System

Objective: The main objective of this course is to enable the student to be able to:
Collect, summarize, analyze and present health information from an individual patient
and community, in a manner that it can be useful in taking important decisions on
individual patients and on the community and the health system.

Specific objectives:
- To assess and estimate (quantitatively and or/ qualitatively) the health problems
of a community.
- To learn about the sources of health information – their strengths and
weaknesses.
- To know the types of health information.
- To know the common tools for generating health information..
o At a community (population) level eg questionnaires.
o At individual patient level e.g history taking.
- The relevance of health information in health management and health policy
- To learn the different HIS in our communities

Content:
1- Definition and goals.
2- Statistical elements: units, populations, samples.
3- Statistical sources; statistical calculations.
4- The Health Information Process.
5- Data collection, collection media, forwarding, treatment.
6- Analysis and interpretation; feedback and decision taking.
7- Computerization of Health information
8- Role of health information in health care management
DTH233: Science of Dental Materials
Content:
1- Properties of Dental Materials.
2- Chemistry of setting, basic principles.
3- Technical considerations.
4- Impression compound.
5- Zinc oxide-Eugenol impression paste.
6- Reversible hydrocolloid impression.

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 7- Irreversible hydrocolloid impression
8- Synthetic resins, Denture Base Resins, Denture Cement Z-O-E
9- Denture silicate Cement, Dental porcelain.
10- Constitution of alloys, heat treatment, corrosion.
11- Dental amalgam alloys, abrasion and polishing
12- Root canal antiseptics, Iodoform powder, Acrylic resins

DTH234: Endodontics / Paedodontics

 Endodontics

Content:
1- Pulp Cavities of the Permanent Teeth;
2- Introduction: Maxillary first molar, Mandibular First Molar, Maxillary central
and lateral
3- incisors, Maxillary premolars, Mandibular premolar, maxillary second and
third molar,
4- Mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines.
5- Diseases of the Dental Pulp-Endodontics;
6- Introduction, classification of endodontic procedures
7- Etiology, histopathology, symptoms, diagnosis, and classification of
diseases of the pulp.
8- Techniques of opening and filling chambers and canals.
9- Technical procedures for opening canals.
10- Techniques for small canals and difficult cases.
11- Methods of filling canals.

 Paedodontics
Content:
1- Introduction principal aims of treatment
2- Treatment planning for children
3- The anxious child
4- The child with toothache
5- Abnormalities of the teeth
6- Anatomy of primary teeth(relevance to cavity design)
7- Local anaesthesia for children
8- Restoration of carioue deciduous teeth
9- Dental trauma-NAI, injuries to primary teeth, injuries to permanent teeth,-
crown/root fracture
10- Management of the avulsed tooth.

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 DTH 235: Dental Ergonomics

Objective:Providing equipment and instruments that adapt to the operator‘s fingers,

arms, shoulders, neck, shoulders, backs, legs and eyes, use a clinical assistance and
foot rest.
1- Introduction of principals of ergonomics
2- Discribing the dental clinics and the dental operatory architechture with
respect to the necessary motions and activities
3- Rational of space, time and time work: describing the anthropometric
characteristics, motion efficiency, acces to tools and instruments,
complementary of teams roles and infections control
4- Operator and environemental harmony establishmen: describing the
woorking prosture and stress free work.

DTH236 :Internship : Clinical Practice :Bloc Posting II

Content :
- Introductory posting in a hospital setting II: - Medical, Surgical,
Paediatric, Obstetric and Gynaecology, Laboratory, Pharmacy, etc
departments
- Write and present a clinical internship report

DTH237: French and Medical english

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language and thus
enhance patient relationship as needed.
Content:
1- Different parts of the human body
2- Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
3- Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
4- Drafting of reports
5- Documentation research
6- Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
7- Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
8- Drafting of research topics
9- Dissertation on the professional articles
10- Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
11- Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
12- Hospitals
13- The Hardware
14- The staff
15- The Role

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 16- The pathologies
17- The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs

DTH241: Community and Preventive Dentistry

Objective: This course focuses on the causes and prevention of dental caries and
periodontal disease, the prevention of sports injuries to the mouth, and the harmful
effects of smokeless tobacco. At the end of the course, the student will be able to
perform clinical preventive procedures for individual patients.

Course content:
- Concept of preventive dentistry
- Dental caries and periodontal disease.
- Oral health education and promotion.
- Smokeless tobacco
- Plaque, calculus and dental stains
- Plaque removal, diet and dental health, fluorides, and pit and fissure
sealants.
- Clinical preventive procedures: oral hygiene instruction, diet
education, topical fluorides, sealants.
- Public speaking.
DTH242: Health Management
 Health management
Content:
1- The Cameroon Health organization
2- Missions of health units in the National territory: Health centers, district
hospitals, Central hospitals, University teaching hospitals, private, lay, and
denominational hospitals and clinics,
3- Free medical practice
4- Stakes of the health sector strategy
5- Relationship with health, national and international poverty-control
organizations (other ministries, donors, international organizations, NGOs,
associations),
6- Organization of public and private health units.
7- Legislation applying to health units,
8- Economic and financial management

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 9- Management of personnel, staff planning, and in service training,
10- Management of nursing care and drugs.
11- The Cameroon Health organization
12- Missions of health units in the National territory: Health centers, district
hospitals, Central hospitals, University teaching hospitals, private, lay, and
denominational hospitals and clinics,
13- Free medical practice
14- Stakes of the health sector strategy
15- Relationship with health, national and international poverty-control
organizations (other ministries, donors, international organizations, NGOs,
associations),
16- Organization of public and private health units.
17- Legislation applying to health units,
18- Economic and financial management
19- Management of personnel, staff planning, and in service training,
20- Management of nursing care and drugs.

DTH 243: Periodontics / Periodontology

Content:
1- Introduction
2- Etiology and pathogenesis of POD
3- Clinical oral Examination
4- Diagnosis, Treatment planning, Prognosis
5- Bacterial plague and methods of control
6- Detection and removal of calculus in periodontal therapy.

DTH244 : Dental Anaesthesiology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to describe in detail
and demonstrate all dental anaesthesia procedures.

Content:
1- Pain: Basic concepts, pain perception, pain reaction, pain threshold,
anatomical basis of dental pain, current views.
2- The control of pain: general anaesthesia, local anaesthesia, local
anaesthesia and pregnancy, types of local anaesthesia.
3- Development of local aneathesia in dentistry.
4- Local anaesthetic solutions; potency and reliability, reversibility of action,
safety,
5- duration effect, rapidity of onset, sterility, shelf-life, lidocaine,
vasoconstrictors, other
6- constituents, metabolism and axcretion, mode of action of local
anaesthetic solutions,

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 7- effectiveness of local anaesthesia.
8- Equipment:
9- Fundamental techniques
10- Local anaesthesia in the maxilla, mandible
11- Diagnosis and Management od difficulties, complications and
Emergencies.

DTH245: Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries

 Oral Hygiene
Content:
- Summary of different brushing techniques
- Rolling Stroke Method – Vertical Action
- Vibratory Action

 Dental Caries
Content:
- Causes of dental caries;
- Etiology of dental caries;
- Pathogenesis of dental caries;
- Prevention of dental caries;
- Treatment of dental caries.

DTH246: Clinical Internship II

 Clinical Internship II

DTH247 Ethics and Civic Education and Medical Law

 Civic and moral education: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T
The Concepts
- The citizen;
- The Nation;
- The State;
- Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
- The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Ethics;
- Ethics, Law and reason;
- Ethical Problem ;
- Ethics and management.
- Civics
- Deontology

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 - Moral consciousness
- The universal declaration of Human Rights
- Good governance in public services
- The importance of civics to the life of the nation
- Functions of the state and its citizens
- Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
- Relationship between morality, law and ethics
- Codes of ethics
 Medical Law
Objective: To know the components of medical law.

Content:
- Chapter one: criminal law
- Chapter two: criminal responsibility
- Chapter three: labour law
- Chapter four: some rights of the employee under the labour rule
- Chapter five: civil status registration
- Chapter six: right of women and children under the code
- Chapter seven: tort
- Chapter eight: inheritance, succession and wills
- Chapter night: introduction to human right
- Chapter ten: some international right instruments

DTH351: Health Care Management and Administration

 Health Care Management

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course is to teach the general principles of management,
and to enable the students to apply these principles comfortably in managiong
various health problems at either the individual patient or community level.
Specific objectives;
1- To define management and trace is historical perspectives (know
Donabedian and Demian)
2- To learn about the health management cycle
3- To learn the different stages of the management cycle i.e.
 planning
 implementation
 monitoring and evaluation
 re-defining objectives
 assessment of the problems.
4- To learn about types of planning methods emphasis on:
 Strategic planning

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  Open systems planning
 Mixed planning,
 Incremental planning.
5- To learn about the advantages and disadvantages of planning.
6- To learn about types of evaluation.
7- To do special examples of health management e.g Drug management,
health systems management etc.

 Administration
Content:
- Definition
- Characteristics of an administrative document.
- Administrative letter writing
- Administrative documents
- Public and private administrative letter writing
- Pay voucher, labour contract.

DTH352: Structure, Function and Maintenance of Equipments

Objective: A Dental Therapist work alone for long periods of time, therefore emphasis is
placed on equipment maintenance and developing an understanding of how the
equipment operates in order to facilitate repairs.
Content: The Dental Clinic, Its instruments and equipment. Instruments: types,
identification, source of supply.
- The chair, function and accessories, Aspirating block and suction
machine, foot control.
- Air compressor and the use of compressed air dentistry
- Principles and operation of the dental unit
- The Air vacuum system in dentistry.
- Dental Hand pieces and the air/water syringe.
- Fibre Optic Lights
- Operation of auxiliary equipment including X-ray unit chemicals
- Weekly maintenance
- Ordering of replacement instruments, supplies and equipment.
- Packing of equipment.

DTH353: Full Denture Prosthodonticsand Partial Denture Prosthodontics

Content :
- Treatment planning
- Principles of complete denture prosthodontics
- Recording the occlusion for complete dentures
- Trial insertion of complete dentures
- Fitting complete dentures

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 - Denture maintenance
- Cleaning dentures
- Denture problems and complaints
Content:
- Treatment planning for partial dentures
- Principles of partial denture fabrication
- Components of partial dentures
- Partial denture design
- Clinical stages for partial denture
- Overdentures
DTH354: Pediatric Dentistry

 Pediatric Dentistry
Content:
- Introduction-principal aims of treatment
- Treatment planning for children
- The anxious child
- The child with toothache
- Abnormalities of the teeth
- Anatomy of primary teeth (relevance to cavity design)
- Local anaesthesia for children
- Restoration of carioue deciduous teeth
- Dental trauma-NAI, injuries to primary teeth, injuries to permanent
teeth,-crown/root fracture
- Management of the avulsed tooth.

DTH355: Orthodontics
Contents:
- Correct occlusion, the basis of orthodontics
- The etiology of malocclusion and associated maxillofacial deformities.
- Biologic problems pertaining to orthodontic treatment.
- Orthodontics appliances.
- The use of differential and optimum orthodontic forces.
- Diagnosis and assessment of treatment requirements. Treatment.
- Treatment of class III malocclusion.

DTH356: Clinical Internship IV

 Clinical Internship IV

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DTH357: Research and Biostatistics
 Introduction to research
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and
be able to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and
approaches in qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through
the use of valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the
research questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for
these in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate
choice and application of statistical testing to assess this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or
group research.
Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research: Purposiveness,
Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision, generalizability, objectivity);
Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories, deductive & inductive
reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions Elements of the Scientific
Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question, Hypotheses, Experiments,
Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and applied,
Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research, Conceptual
vs Empirical Research, Etc.
 Biostatistics I
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical information.
Content:
1. Mathematics
- Percentages, rates, proportions, simple and compound interest,
discount
- The electronic calculator
2. Basic Algebra
- Algebraic expressions

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 - Functions
- Linear and Simultaneous Equations
- Graphs of Functions
- Quadratic Equations
- Arithmetic and Geometric progressions
3. Biostatistics
- Introduction
- Basic concepts in biostatistics
- Sampling techniques and data collection
- Variables (Qualitative and Quantitative)
- Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, Bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
- Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median,
standard deviations and standard errors.

 Biostatistics II
Content
- The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
- Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-
distribution, Chi squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests
etc.
- Errors in statistics

DTH361: Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and Immunization

Definition:
Incidence, prevalence, morbidity, lethality, contagiousness, attack rate, warning
threshold, primary and secondary warning.

 Epidemiological tripod
- Epidemics, endemo epidemics, pandemics, demographic notions.
 Prophylaxis
- Definition, prophylactic measures, systemic reporting, early screening,
isololation, quarantine, rat extermination, desensitization, molluse
control.
- Disposal of waste water and human and animal refuse.
- Physical, chemical, and radioactive pollution control; chemo-
prophylaxis.

 Immunization
- Definition, classification,
- Expanded program on immunization: origin, target population;
- Immunization strategies; Management of immunization activities.

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 - Planning, organization, supervision, evaluation of immunization
coverage;
- Procurement and storage of vaccines,
- Monitoring of immunized population and IEC,
- Cameroon vaccination schedule: New-born, pre-school age, adults.

DTH362: Nursing care Technics

Content :
- General introduction
- Patient reception, records and patient room.
- Clerking (history taking)
- Preparation of the room, patients bed; description, types of beds, bed
making,
- Personal hygiene. Prevention of bed sores, position in bed, care of the
bed.
- Taking of vital signs

DTH363: Dental Radiology

Content:
- Basic principles of x-ray generation and image production.
- Patient management, Intraoral radiographic technique
- Radiation protection. Accessory radiographic techniques, darkroom.
- Film mounting and normal radiographic anatomy.
- Radiographic interpretation.

DTH364: Oral and Dental Surgery

Content:
- Scope and objectives
- Principles of surgery, History and examination
- Aseptic techniques
- Inflammation Repair and infection, the armamentarium
- Principles of teeth extraction and flap operation.
- Multiple extraction, Complication to exodontias and transplant.
- Surgical correction of bony anomalies
- The maxillary sinus, Cyst of the oral cavity
- Salivary glands: anatomy, development and diseases
- The TMJ

DTH365: Research Project

This aspect of the programme which leads unto the conduct, writing and presentation
of a research thesis in the final examination, drills the students on the following areas:

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 - The research process: - irritation, developing a research proposal,
developing research tools, conduct of research, data analysis;
- Report writing ;
- Literature review ;
- Presentation of research findings ;
- Validity and reliability in research ;
- Critical reading of research work.

DTH366: Clinical Internship V

 Clinical Internship V

DTH367: Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.

Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.

Health care Ethics

 Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
 Bioethics
 MLS Ethics
 Moral Development
 Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
 Code of Ethics health workers.
 Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights
of The Elderly, Patients Rights
 Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
 Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
 Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
 Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
 Code of ethics.
 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law

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 Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

Page 216 of 572

Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Spéciality :
DENTAL PROSTHESIS

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Dental Prosthesis

1. The objective of the training

The aim of thistrainingis to provide studentswith skills which enable them to realize or to
fabricate dental prosthetics such as crowns, dentures and veneers.

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible, reflexive and relational;
- Have adequate gestures and capacities;
- Develop adequate interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to be able to
interact effectively with their patients, entourage and the health team
- Should be trustworthy and reliable;
- Have the capacity for critical thinking, analysis and questioning;
- Develop ethical values of a normal professional;
- Make thoughtful and informed decisions;
- Be able to act with autonomy and responsibility in his area
ofcompetence.
- Master the computer tool and ICT

 Specific skills

- Perform maintenance treatment for clients with removable dental

prostheses
- Insert and issue a completed removable dental prosthesis
- Evaluate a removable dental prosthesis at try-in stage
- Construct and insert an implant retained overdenture
- Conduct dental prosthetic examination and develop treatment plan

3. Opportunities
- Public function;
- Private Dental Offices;
- Dental Schoolsand Manufacturers;
- Self-employment;
- Dental Laboratories

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4. Organization of the Teachings
Semester 1
Field :Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: DENTAL PROSTHESIS
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy and Physiology 1- Cell Biology-
DPR111 30 15 10 5 60 4
Histology - GeneralChemistry
Microbiology I - Bacteriology -
DPR112 45 15 10 5 75 5
parasitology - Biochemistry
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DPR113 Hygiene and Sanitation 35 10 10 5 60 4
DPR114 Peadiatric Dentistry 20 10 25 5 60 4
DPR115 Oral Microbiology and Asepsis 35 15 20 5 75 5
DPR116 Oral and Dental Pathologies 35 15 20 5 75 5
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DPR117 Functional English-Functional french 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:DENTAL PROSTHESIS
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
DPR121 Anatomy and Physiology 2 55 17 4 14 90 6
General pharmacology and drug
DPR122 30 6 9 45 3
administration
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DPR123 Partial Prosthodontics 25 15 15 5 60 4
DPR124 Dental Implantology 40 15 15 5 75 5
Medico-Sanitary Techniques and First Aid/
DPR125 40 15 15 5 75 5
Clinical Pharmacology1
DPR126 Internship: Hospital immersion / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Information and Communication
DPR127 30 10 5 45 3
Technology
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

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Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: DENTAL PROSTHESIS
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course Title
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

DPR231 Nutrition 40 20 10 5 75 5
DPR232 Health Information System 30 15 10 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DPR233 Science of Dental Materials 25 15 15 5 60 4
DPR234 Materials for Dental Prosthethics 40 20 10 5 75 5
DPR235 Maxillofacial Prosthesis 30 15 25 5 75 5
DPR236 Clinical Practice I / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DPR237 French and Medical English 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: DENTAL PROSTHESIS
Hourly Volume Number
Code Course title
L T P SPW Total of credits
Fundamental Courses30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
DPR241 Community And Preventive Dentistry 40 20 10 5 75 5
DPR242 Health Economics 30 10 15 5 60 4
Professional Courses60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DPR243 Dental Ceramics 35 15 20 5 75 5
DPR244 Dental Anaesthesiology 30 10 15 5 60 4
DPR245 Veneer Placement 35 15 20 5 75 5
DPR246 Clinical Internship II / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DPR247 Ethics Civic Education and Medical Law 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

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Semester 5
Field:Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: DENTAL PROSTHESIS
Hourly Volume Number
Code CourseTitle
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental Courses30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Health Care Management and
DPR351 30 10 15 5 60 4
Administration
Structure, Function and Maintenance of
DPR352 40 10 20 5 75 5
Equipment/ Dental prosthesis ergonomics
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DPR353 Orthodontic and Pedodontics Prosthetics 20 15 35 5 75 5
DPR354 Complete Dentures 30 15 10 5 60 4
DPR355 Orthodontics Appliance Construction 40 20 10 5 75 5
DPR356 Clinical Internship III / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DPR357 Research and Biostatistics 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: DENTAL PROSTHESIS

Code Hourly Volume Number

Course title
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and
DPR361 45 15 10 5 75 5
Vaccination
DPR362 Restorative Dentistry 30 10 15 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
DPR363 Dental Radiology 20 10 25 5 60 4
DPR364 Oral and Dental Surgery 35 15 20 5 75 5
DPR365 Removable Partial Dentures 10 10 40 15 75 5
DPR366 Clinical Internship IV / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
DPR367 Professional ethics and Deontology 25 5 10 5 45 3
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

DPR111: Anatomy and Physiology 1 Cell Biology- Histology - General

Chemistry
 Cell Biology - Histology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Cell Biology and Histology
 The cell:
- Structure;
- Multiplication;
- Physiology;
 The tissue:
- Epithelial tissue;
- Connective tissue;
- Nervous tissue;
- Concept of genetics.

 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Nervous System
- Histology of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system: nervous influx,
transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse, driving plate),
arc reflex;
- Organization of the central nervous system and functional localization:
spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain, meninges and CSF;
- System Device nervous, cranial nerves, plexus;
- Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System
- Endocrine pancreas;
- Thyroid: anatomy - Histology - physiology;
- Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
- Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology.
- System hypothalamo-pituitary;
- The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye : the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- Smell: Taste;
- Touch.
4. System Musculoskeletal
- Ceos;
- The osteites;
- The osteomyelitis.
5. Digestive System

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 - General topography;
- The peritoneum;
- Main categories of foods :
 Energy needs;
 Animal heat.
6. Urinary system
- Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the
ureters, the urethra and bladder;
- Excretory Role of the skin.
 General Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- Mixture and pure body

2- The major processes of immediate analysis
3- Simple body-to-body composed
4- Constitution of the material:atoms, molecules and ions
5- Chemical notation, symbol, Valencia, formula
6- The fundamental laws of Combinations: chemical equation, acids, bases,
salts, concept of PH, equivalent, nomenclature, redox, degree of
oxidation, catalysis.

DPR112: Microbiology I - Bacteriology - Parasitology - Biochemistry

 Microbiology - Bacteriology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- Introduction to the Bacteriology

- Place in the living world and ecological role of micro-organisms
(saprophytes, commensalism, symbiosis and pathogens).
2- General Bacteriology
- Structure of the bacterial cell, nutrition and growth, metabolism
(anaerobic, aerobic conditions, fermentation), reproduction and
genetics (genetic transfer, mutation), pathogenicity (notions of
virulence, toxin).
3- Bacterial Ecology
- Role of the field, reference mechanism of the host against the infection
(Immunosuppression, opportunistic bacteria, nosocomial infections).
4- Presentation of the bacterialsystematic
5- Study of the main species or bacterial groups pathogenic for man or likely
to be
- Staphylococci, Streptococci, pneumococci, gonococcus, (history,
habitat and epidemiology, fill pathogen, Bacteriological characters,
diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis).
6- Bacteriological techniques

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 - Basic Techniques (microscopic examinations, insulation and
identification), different types of levy in Clinical Bacteriology (technical
and transport), methods of sterilization and preparation of media of
cultures.
7- Procedures for the sending of samples and of bacterial strains
8- Techniques of conventional identifications (1st part).

 Parasitology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- Systematic study of human parasites, few definitions and concepts prior,

mode of parasitism
2- Location of parasites
3- Epidemiology and evolutionary cycle
4- Parasitic disease: clinical description, pathology, defense of the body;
5- Prophylaxis (general and individual)

 Biochemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1- Generality : enzyme, vitamin, a hormone

2- Basic concept of clinical biochemistry General: definition of a metering and
exploration
3- Learning of normal and abnormal physiology of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins
4- Physiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical interest:
techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal values of
biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological variations (1st
part)

DPR113: Hygiene and Sanitation

Objective: To give a general notion on personal, environmental and hospital hygiene
with emphases on preventive precautions.
Content:
- Definition and objectives
- Microorganisms and infection
- Notions of general Epidemiology: Pathogenic agents, ways of
penetration of germs.
- Transmission mode- Reservoirs of germs.
- Field notions: Resistive, receptivity
- Vector agents, Notions of host, final host
- Personal hygiene (cleanliness, clothes, sport) – Hand washing.
- Food hygiene (balance, conservation---)
- Environmental and household hygiene
- Hospital hygiene: -habitat (over population, waste water, garbage)
- Waste disposal.

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 - Mental (sleep, noise, addictions alcohol, tobacco, drugs.)
- Water and drinks (domestic treatment of water).
- Nosocomial infections and infection control
- Nursing hygiene.

DPR114: Peadiatric Dentistry

Content:
- Introduction-principal aims of treatment
- Treatment planning for children
- The anxious child
- The child with toothache
- Abnormalities of the teeth
- Anatomy of primary teeth (relevance to cavity design)
- Local anaesthesia for children
- Restoration of carioue deciduous teeth
- Dental trauma-NAI, injuries to primary teeth, injuries to permanent
teeth,-crown/root fracture
- Management of the avulsed tooth.

DPR115: Oral Microbiology & Asepsis

Content:
1- Origin, development, and scope of microbiology: origin of microbiology,
development of microbiology, germ theory of disease, development of oral
microbiology, scope of microbiology.
2- General microbiology: bacterial cytology, bacterial physiology, bacterial
metabolism,
3- Infection and resistance: nonacquired body defense, acquired body
defense, hypersensitivity,
4- Oral infection: the microbial flora of the oral cavity; streptococcus salivarius,
streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis, etc.
5- Infectious diseases:Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections, gram
negative cocci,
6- Corynobacterium etc.
7- Asepsis.

DPR116: Oral and Dental Pathologies

Contents:
- ODP Semiology
- Developmental disturbances of aral and paraoral structures
- Dental caries, pathology of the pulp and periapical tissue.
- Pathology of the periodontium, oral, face and neck infections

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 - Oro-dental radiodiagnosis,
- Cysts of the oral cavity, pathology of the salivary glands
- Oral malignancies.
- Oral Manifestations of systemic Disease

DPR117: Medical Law - Medical French - Medical English - ICT

 Functional English/ Functional French
Objective: Upon completion of the course, the students should efficiently
communicate with his/her colleagues and the patient in English and in French.
Grammar, Conjugation, curriculum Vitae, Letter writing, reading Comprehension,
Listening comprehension.Tenses. Also, besides grammar, a special emphasis should be
placed on common vocabulary in the medical work.

Content:
- History and socio-cultural background of English in Cameroon
- Brief introduction to the structure of English
- Phoneme
- MorPWme
- Word
- Phrase
- Sentence
- Discourse
- Basic grammaticfunctionist
- Subject
- Object
- Grammatic categories: gender, personal number, count and non count
nouns
- Spelling and punctuation
- Word formation
- Collocations
- Prepositions
- Some confusable works
- Synonyms, autonyms
- Figure of speech
- Idiomatic expressions
- Reported speech
- Difference between British and American English (pronunciation, grammar
and vocabulary)
- Sound of English: in isolation and in connected speech
- Sentence stress and intonation
- Types of discourse: expository, descriptive, narrative
- Note taking ( in lectures, in meetings)
- Turn taking conversational English

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 - Basic techniques of reading
- Basic techniques of writing
- Formal and informal letters
- Application for a job
- Administrative letters
- Invitations
- Writing CV
- Writing minutes of meetings
- General characteristics of the language in accordance with the area of
specialization
- Technical writing
- Writing technical report
- Writing projects
- Writing technical instructions
- Summarizing documents
- Techniques in public speaking
- Techniques of negotiation

 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

Objective : Ce cours de ―French‖ a pour but de former des locateurs compétents pour
pouvoir faire face à des situations courantes de communication en maîtrisant les
différents paramètres de l‘échange tels que le lieu, le temps, les interlocuteurs, les
statuts de locateurs, les affectivités etc. Il vise également à amener les apprenants à
être capable de comprendre et de produire à l‘oral comme à l‘écrit, des énoncés en
langue française sur des sujets variés touchant leur domaine de prédilection, dont la
médicine.
Indicative Content:
1. Vocabulaire
 Introduction générale: apprendre ou ne pas apprendre le français? Pourquoi?
Avantages et ouverture.
- Saluer; se présenter quelqu‘un
- Demander une information; demander quelque chose, les sons [ i ], [ j ], [ y
], [ w ]; Demander une information, Proposer / accepter ou refuser une
proposition; Demander une information; [ m ], [n ], [ ] , Donner son opinion
- Exprimer ses préférences; les sons [ p ], [ b ]
- Préciser son identité; les sons [ i ], [ y ]
- S‘excuser et se justifier; le son [ r ], [ ], Dire l‘heure
- Parler de soi; les sons [ u ], [ i ], [ y ]; les sons [ ], [ a ]
 Caractériser les lieux (ce qu‘on voit)
 Caractériser des personnes (ce que l‘on voit) Identifier et caractériser des
personnes
 Savoir téléphoner; communiquer, les sons [ e ], [ ε ], [ ə ], [ ø ]

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  Exprimer ses besoins et ses goûts, ses préférences et les justifier les sons [9 ], [ k ], [
∫ ], [ З
 La négation; donner des ordres; répondre à des ordres.
 L‘interrogation; proposer, accepter / refuser une idée les sons [ ѕ ], [ z ],[ t ],[ d ],
 Medical French (medical terminologies in French).
2. Grammaire
 Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés – présent, passé
composé ; imparfait, futur, conditionnel, et plus-que-parfait, l‘impératif,
l‘infinitif, voix passive ;
 De l‘adjectif : Qualificatif, possessifs, démonstratifs, interrogatifs, numéraux,
indéfinis ;
 Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ; dénombrable, et
non-dénombrable ;
 Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif, indéfini ;
 De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment, où, quand
et pourquoi ;
 Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication
 Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion technique ;
 Communication orale courante ;
 Communication orale interactive
 De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative, déclarative,
exclamative et impérative ;
 Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
 synthèse d‘un long texte
 De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de rapport,
d‘une correspondance –d‘une lettre recommandation ou de motivation,
d‘une, demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande d‘explication, d‘une réponse
à une demande d‘explication, d‘un CV ;
 Gestion d‘une table ronde/discussion : La prise de notes, la prise de
parole
 Expressions figées

DPR121: Anatomy and Physiology 2

 Cardiovascular System: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. The Heart
 Anatomy: configuring external and internal structure, histology of the
heart muscle;
 Physiology: automatism, revolution, noises of the heart, the
electrocardiogram.
2. The vessels

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 Anatomy: arteries, veins: their structure, Anatomy of the large and the

small circulation;
 Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation and capillary.
3. The blood
 The plasma and dissolved substances, figurative elements, hematopoiesis,
haemolysis; - Coagulation; - blood group.
4. The reticuloendothelialsystem
 Rate, lymphatic, thymus.

 Respiratory system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Anatomy
 Upper airway (anatomy endoscopy and non-surgical), nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea;
 Bronchus, lungs, pleura, anatomy and histology.

2. Physiology of Breathing
 Mechanisms for regulating nervous; - chemical phenomena.

 Digestive system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. General topography; the peritoneum

2. The main categories of food
3. Energy Needs;
4. Animal heat.
 Genito-urinary system (woman-man): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the ureters, the
urethra and bladder
2. ExcretoryRole of the skin
3. Description anatomy and physiology of the genitalia of the Man and the
woman

DPR 122: General Pharmacology and Drug Administration

Content:
- Definitions
- Origin of drugs: Study of drug forms
- Drug prescription: Writing and interpretation of prescriptions
- Measuring instruments and dosage
- Drug administration routes
- Pharmaco-dynamics and Pharmaco-kinetic elements: :Liberation,
absorption, elimination, metabolism, interactions and side effects
- Drug regulation and distribution conditions
- Storage and monitoring
- Arrangement of drug cupboards

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 - Recognition of somecommon drugs
- Drug poisoning

DPR123: Partial Prosthodontics

Content:
- Partially edentulous epidemiology, physiology, and terminology.
- Consideration for managing partial tooth loss
- Classification of partially edentulous arches
- Biomechanics of removable partial dentures
- Major and minor connectors
- Denture base considerations
- Principles of removable partial denture design
- Surveyingpreparation of mouth for removable partial dentures
- Preparation of abutment teeth
- Impression materials and procedures for removable partial dentures
- Support for the distal extension denture base
- Occlusal relationships for removable partial dentures
- Laboratory procedures
- Initial placement, adjustment, and servicing of the removable partial
denture
- Relining and rebasing the removable partial denture
- Repairs and additions to removable partial dentures
- Interim removable partial dentures
- Removable partial denture considerations in maxillofacial prosthetics

DPR124: Dental Implantology

Content:
This course aims to:
 Develop your skills to successfully diagnose and plan dental treatment for
patients based around dental implants
 Help you understand surgical techniques appropriate for the placement of
implant components in the dento-alveolar tissues, immediately post-extraction,
delayed placement and in augmented tissues
 Teach you to design, plan and undertake restorative procedures and to take
appropriate records for the restoration of placements with a wide range of
implant-supported prostheses
 Develop your skills in managing and maintaining clinical cases of a range of
complexity for patients restored with dental implants
 Teach you to manage the treatment of patients with complications arising from
the use of dental implants – both iatrogenic and pathogenic.

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 o What are Dental Implants?
o Types of dental implantation
o Endosteal implants
o Subperiosteal implants
o Oral Care Specifics to Implants
 An overview of the implant process
o Assessment and treatment planning:
o Implant placement:
o Integration period:
o The restorative phase:
o Maintenance:
Bone grafting
Different implant procedures
Dental implant maintenance

DPR125: Medico Sanitary technics and first aids/Clinical PharmacologyI

 Medico Sanitary technics and first aids
Content:
- General introduction
- Patient reception, records and patient room
- Clerking (history taking)
- Preparation of the room, patient‘s bed: description, types of beds, bed
making
- Personal hygiene, prevention of bed sores, position in bed, care of the
bed
- Taking of vital signs
- Definition and objectives
- Microorganisms and infection.
- Notions of general Epidemiology
- Field notions: resistance, receptivity
- Personal hygiene
- Nutrition
- Environmental hygiene.
- Hospital hygiene.
- Nosocomial infections and infection control
- Nursing hygiene.
 Clinical Pharmacology
Clinical Pharmacology: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Drugs of infectious diseases
 The antibiotics;
 The sulfonamides;
 The antiseptics;
 The anti-TB drugs;

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  The antivirals;
 The Pest Control;
 The antifungals.
2. The drugs in the pain and inflammation:
 Analgesics;
 The anti inflammatory drugs;
 Corticosteroids.

DPR126: Internship : Hospital Immersion

 Hospital Immersion

DPR127: Information and Communication Technology

 Techniques of Information and Communication 1

1. Concepts and architecture of computers

2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

 Technique of information and communication 2

1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name

to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires
12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

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DPR231: Nutrition
Content:
- The place of nutrition in Public Health problems.
- Types of nutrients and their functions
- Dietary planning
- Methods of evaluation of nutrient value
- Factor influencing nutrient availability, consumption and utilization.
- Nutrition and nutritional diseases
- Malnutrition
- Evolution of illness and nutrition
- Infant Nutrition
- Nutritional status of the pregnant and lactating woman.
- National and international organizations in charge of food and nutrition.
- Under nutrition
- Individual, family and community nutrition.

DPR232: Health Information System

Objective: After going through the course, the students should be able to:
- Define the main Concepts and Terminologies used in Health
Management Information Systems.
- Describe the various components of a health information system
- Know the different sources and type of data for a health Information
system.
- Undertake Health Data Management to provide health information
capable of guiding the planners and stakeholders in health care delivery
system.
- Understand the foundational basis for the National Health Management
Information System Policy
- Describe Project cycle, Monitoring tools and Evaluation of health projects
and programs.

Content:
Introduction: Definition of Concepts and Terminologies-data, information,
management, health, system, health system, health information, health information
system.
Determinants of health: Socio-economic Situations, Demographic Situation,
Epidemiological Situation, Health Resources, Human Capital, Health Services, Sectoral
Situations: Education, Agriculture, Mineral Resources, Water Resources, Transport, etc.
Components of health information systems: Health information resources, Health
Indicators, data management, information product, Disease surveillance, monitoring,
evaluation.

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 Health Data Management (Data management cycle (Data collection, Analyses,
Reporting, Dissemination, Data use): Characteristics of good Data , Types and Sources
of Health Data, Methods of Data Collection & some Standard Forms for Health
information , Challenges of Health Data Collection, Basics of Data Processing and
Analysis (computer –based & paper-based).
National Health Management Information Systems: Challenges and strategies
Monitoring and Evaluation: Programme cycle; Characteristics of Health
programme monitoring system (Data collection, Analyses, Reporting, Dissemination.
Data use).

DPR233: Science of Dental Materials

Contents:
1. Properties of Dental Materials.
2. Chemistry of setting, basic principles.
3. Technical considerations.
4. Impression compound.
5. Zinc oxide-Eugenol impression paste.
6. Reversible hydrocolloid impression.
7. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression
8. Synthetic resins, Denture Base Resins, Denture Cement Z-O-E
9. Denture silicate Cement, Dental porcelain.
10. Constitution of alloys, heat treatment, corrosion.
11. Dental amalgam alloys, abrasion and polishing
12. Root canal antiseptics, Iodoform powder, Acrylic resins

DPR234: Materials for Dental Prosthetics

Choosing a material for prosthetic dental reconstructions depends on careful
consideration of the benefits, advantages, and disadvantages associated with this
choice:
- Base metals: Nickel–chromium (Ni-Cr), Cobalt–chromium (Cr-Co), Titanium
(Ti)
- Noble metals: Gold-platinum-palladium (Au-Pt-Pd), Gold-palladium-silver
(Au-Pd-Ag), Gold-palladium (Au-Pd), ilver-palladium (Ag-Pd)
- Ceramics: Feldspathic, Feldspathic with lithium disilicate, Aluminized
ceramics, Zirconia, Yttria-stabilized zirconia
- Cements: Zinc phosphate, Glass ionomer, Resin-modified glass ionomer,
Resin cements,
- Properties and processing of precious metal alloys for biomedical
applications
- Understanding dental implants
- Customized craniofacial implants: Design and manufacture

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 - In Vivo Exploration of Robust Implantable Devices Constructed From
Biocompatible 3C–SiC
- Modelling fracture processes in orthopaedic implants
- Characterization and antifungal activity of the modified PMMA denture
base acrylic
- Surface Complexation Modelling

DPR 235: Maxillofacial Prosthesis

Content:
1. Types of maxillofacial defects
- Congenital
- Acquired
- Developmental
2. Types of Maxillofacial Prosthesis
- Extra-oral (Craniofacial)
- Intra-Oral (Stomatognathic)
- Combination
3. Indications of Maxillofacial Prosthesis
- After surgical intervention
- After trauma
- Congenital defects
- Acquired defects
- Prosthetic Vs. surgical rehabilitation
4. Stomatognathic structures
- Problems associated with maxillofacial defects
- Treatment of maxillary defects
- Management of patient for Maxillofacial Prosthesis
- Intra oral prostheses
- Types of Obturator and its function
- Different obturator bulb designs

DPR236 : Clinical Practice I

 Clinical Practice I

DPR237: French and English for Medical profession

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language and thus
enhance patient relationship as needed.

Content:
- Grammar

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 - Different parts of the human body
- Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
- Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
- Drafting of reports
- Documentation research
- Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
- Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
- Drafting of researchtopics
- Dissertation on the professional articles
- Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
- Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
- Hospitals
- The Hardware
- The staff
- The Role
- The pathologies
- The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs

DPR241: Community and Preventive Dentistry

Objective: This course focuses on the causes and prevention of dental caries and
periodontal disease, the prevention of sports injuries to the mouth, and the harmful
effects of smokeless tobacco. At the end of the course, the student will be able to
perform clinical preventive procedures for individual patients.
Content:
- Concept of preventive dentistry
- Dental caries and periodontal disease.
- Oral health education and promotion.
- Smokeless tobacco
- Plaque, calculus and dental stains
- Plaque removal, diet and dental health, fluorides, and pit and fissure
sealants.
- Clinical preventive procedures: oral hygiene instruction, diet education,
topical fluorides, sealants.
- Public speaking.

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DPR242: Health Economics
Objective: This course is an introduction to Health Economics.
It is meant to give Health science students basic principles regarding economics
and its application to the health sector.
• This course focuses on issues relating to scarcity in the allocation of health
resources
• It exposes students to basic theoretical and conceptual frameworks from
economics that enable them to analyze the functioning of a health system
critically.
• Importantly, they will learn how to apply economic theories of demand, supply,
and markets.
Content:
Unit 1. Introduction to Health Economics:
Definition of basic concepts: Health, Healthcare, Economics, Efficiency, Scarcity,
Health Economics, opportunity cost, etc
Unit 2. Basic concepts of supply and demand analysis:
Definition of Demand and supply, Demand curve, supply curve, Market Equilibrium
Elasticity of demand & supply.
Unit 3 Health care market:
General features of the health Care: Perspectives of Health, Distinctive characteristics
of the health Care services, Equity and health care, Demand for health care, Supply of
health care, Health and Economic Development
Unit 4. Cost Concepts & Economic Evaluation:
Definition of Cost, Types of costs, Types of Economic Evaluation
Unit 5. Health Care Financing & Resource Allocation:
Definition of the health sector Financing, Factors influencing health care Financing,
Sources of National Health care financing systems. Barriers to access of heath care.
Unit 6 Resource allocation:
Definition, Reasons for resource allocation in health care, Rationing in health care:
Ethics and levels of rationing - Ethical theories: Utilitarian, Deontological, Rawlsian,
Implicit and explicit rationing, Efficiency& Equity in resource allocation, Levels of
resource allocation:
Unit 7 Macro- allocation (global, National, Allocating resources to healthcare versus
other social needs. Allocating resources within the healthcare sector, Micro: Allocating
resources among individual patients.
Factors Complicate Ethical Resource Allocation Decisions
Unit 8 The Role Of Government In Health: Problems of health policy & possible strategies.
• Approaches to allocation: Need based analysis, economic evaluation analysis,
• Other countries‘ approaches: Oregon Health Plan
• New Zealand, UK,

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 DPR 243: Dental Ceramics
Content:
- Scope and objectives
- Principles of surgery, History and examination
- Aseptic techniques
- Inflammation Repair and infection, the armamentarium
- Principles of teeth extraction and flap operation.
- Multiple extraction, Complication to exodontias and transplant.
- Surgical correction of bony anomalies
- The maxillary sinus, Cyst of the oral cavity
- Salivary glands: anatomy, development and diseases
- The TMJ
- Fractures of the jaws.

DPR244 : Dental Anaesthesiology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to describe in detail
and demonstrate all dental anaesthesia procedures.
Content:
- Pain: Basic concepts, pain perception, pain reaction, pain threshold,
anatomical basis of dental pain, current views.
- The control of pain: general anaesthesia, local anaesthesia, local
anaesthesia and pregnancy, types of local anaesthesia.
- Development of local aneathesia in dentistry.
- Local anaesthetic solutions; potency and reliability, reversibility of action,
safety,duration effect, rapidity of onset, sterility, shelf-life, lidocaine,
vasoconstrictors, otherconstituents, metabolism and axcretion, mode of
action of local anaesthetic solutions,effectiveness of local anaesthesia.
- Equipment:
- Fundamental techniques
- Local anaesthesia in the maxilla, mandible
- Diagnosis and Management OD difficulties, complications and
Emergencies.

DPR245: Veneer Placement

Content:
Definition,
Dental Veneer Placement
- Active periodontal disease
- Occlusal imbalances
- Other active pathologies
Veneer preparation
- Providing sufficient thickness for the structural integrity of the PLV
- Providing optimal clearance in relation to the opposing dentition

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 - Accommodating space for the new morphology
- Accommodating for a shift in the midline
- Accommodating for change in tooth inclination
- Removal of decay
Temporization
Cementation
Complication of dental veneer placement
- Dislodgement of the PLV owing to bond failure
- Fracture of the PLV due to occlusal interference, bruxism, trauma, and/or
excess unsupported porcelain (>2 mm)
- Discoloration of margins
- Recurrent decay
- Occlusal interferences

DPR246: Clinical Internship II

 Clinical Internship II

DPR247: Ethics and Civic Education and Medical Law

 Civic and moral education: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T
The Concepts
• The citizen;
• The Nation;
• The State;
• Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
• The freedoms;
• The public service;

• Ethics;
• Ethics, Law and reason;
• Ethical Problem ;
• Ethics and management.
• Civics
• Deontology
• Moral consciousness
• The universal declaration of Human Rights
• Good governance in public services
• The importance of civics to the life of the nation
• Functions of the state and its citizens
• Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
• Relationship between morality, law and ethics
• Codes of ethics

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  Research Project
 Initiation to research: 1 credit (15hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. In Health Research
2. Sources of Knowledge
3. Methods of Reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports
9. Case practice: drafting of protocols of research

 Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review, formulating

the problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the questions
according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable
hypothesis to achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection,
referencing, etc.; Ethical considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable
project administration; Plans for dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring instruments
(reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality control of
measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements; the issue of
missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of hypothesis.
Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

DPR351: Health Care Management and Administration

 Health Care Management

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course is to teach the general principles of management,
and to enable the students to apply these principles comfortably in managiong
various health problems at either the individual patient or community level.
Specific objectives;
1- To define management and trace is historical perspectives (know
Donabedian and Demian)
2- To learn about the health management cycle
3- To learn the different stages of the management cycle i.e.
 planning
 implementation
 monitoring and evaluation
 re-defining objectives
 assessment of the problems.

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 4- To learn about types of planning methods emphasis on:
 Strategic planning
 Open systems planning
 Mixed planning,
 Incremental planning.
5- To learn about the advantages and disadvantages of planning.
6- To learn about types of evaluation.
7- To do special examples of health management e.g Drug management,
health systems management etc.

 Administration
Content:
- Definition
- Characteristics of an administrative document.
- Administrative letter writing
- Administrative documents
- Public and private administrative letter writing
- Pay voucher, labour contract.

DPR 352: Structure, Function and Maintenance of Equipments/Dental

Prothesis Ergonomics
1- Structure, Function and Maintenance of Equipments
Objective: A Dental Therapist work alone for long periods of time, therefore emphasis is
placed on equipment maintenance and developing an understanding of how the
equipment operates in order to facilitate repairs.
Content: The Dental Clinic, Its instruments and equipment. Instruments: types,
identification, source of supply.
1. The chair, function and accessories, Aspirating block and suction
machine, foot control.
2. Air compressor and the use of compressed air dentistry
3. Principles and operation of the dental unit
4. The Air vacuum system in dentistry.
5. Dental Hand pieces and the air/water syringe.
6. Fibre Optic Lights
7. Operation of auxiliary equipment including X-ray unit chemicals
8. Weekly maintenance
9. Ordering of replacement instruments, supplies and equipment.
10. Packing of equipment.

2- Dental prosthesis ergonomics

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DPR353: Orthodontic and Pedodontics Prosthetics
Content:
- Treatment planning for partial dentures
- Principles of partial denture fabrication
- Components of partial dentures
- Partial denture design
- Clinical stages for partial denture
- Overdentures

DPR354: Complete Dentures

Content:
- Treatment planning;
- Principles of complete denture prosthodontics;
- Recording the occlusion for complete dentures;
- Trial insertion of complete dentures;
- Fitting complete dentures;
- Denture maintenance;
- Cleaning dentures;
- Denture problems and complaints.

DPR355: Orthodontic Appliance Construction

Content:
Definition,
- Types of Orthodontics Appliance
- Removable Appliance
- Functional Appliance
- Fixed Appliance
Component of removable Appliance
- Active component and types
- Retentive component and types
- Anchorage and types
- Baseplate and types
Type of case and indication

DPR356: Clinical Internship III

 Clinical Internship III

DPR357: Research and Biostatistics

 Introduction to Research
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:

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  Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and be able to
apply them
 Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and approaches in
qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
 Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through the use of
valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
 Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the research
questions.
 Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
 Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for these in
selection of study design.
 Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate choice and
application of statistical testing to assess this.
 Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or group
research.
Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research: Purposiveness,
Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision, generalizability, objectivity);
Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories, deductive & inductive
reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions Elements of the Scientific
Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question, Hypotheses, Experiments,
Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and applied,
Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research, Conceptual
vs Empirical Research, Etc.

 Biostatistics I
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical information.
Content:
Mathematics
- Percentages, rates, proportions, simple and compound interest, discount
- The electronic calculator
Basic Algebra
- Algebraic expressions
- Functions
- Linear and Simultaneous Equations
- Graphs of Functions
- Quadratic Equations

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 -Arithmetic and Geometric progressions
Biostatistics
- Introduction
- Basic concepts in biostatistics
- Sampling techniques and data collection
- Variables (Qualitative and Quantitative)
- Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
- Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median,
standard deviations and standard errors.
Biostatistics II

Content
- The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
- Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution,
Chi squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
- Errors in statistics

DPR361: Epidemiology, Prophylaxis and Vaccination

Definition:
Incidence, prevalence, morbidity, lethality, contagiousness, attack rate, warning
threshold, primary and secondary warning.
Epidemiological tripod
Epidemics, endemo epidemics, pandemics, demographic notions.
Prophylaxis
Definition, prophylactic measures, systemic reporting, early screening,
-
isololation, quarantine, rat extermination, desensitization, molluse control.
- Disposal of waste water and human and animal refuse.
- Physical, chemical, and radioactive pollution control; chemo-prophylaxis.
Immunization
- Definition, classification,
- Expanded program on immunization: origin, target population;
- Immunization strategies; Management of immunization activities.
- Planning, organization, supervision, evaluation of immunization coverage;
- Procurement and storage of vaccines,
- Monitoring of immunized population and IEC,
- Cameroon vaccination schedule: New-born, pre-school age, adults.

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 DPR362: Restorative Dentistry
 Restorative Dentistry
Content:
- What Is Restorative Dentistry?
- Types of Dental Restoration
 Direct.
 Indirect.
- Dental Restoration Costs and Insurance
- Diagnostic and communication concepts
- Principles of tooth preparation
- Composite resins
- Ceramic materials
- The impression process
- Contemporary adhesive cements
- Esthetic post systems
- Finishing and polishing esthetic
- Restorative materials
- Dental photography
- Periodontal plastic surgery
- Interdisciplinary implantology
- Biomodification of tooth discoloration

DPR363: Dental Radiology

Content:
- Basic principles of x-ray generation and image production.
- Patient management, Intraoral radiographic technique
- Radiation protection. Accessory radiographic techniques, darkroom.
- Film mounting and normal radiographic anatomy.
- Radiographic interpretation.

DPR364: Oral and Dental Surgery

Content:
- Scope and objectives
- Principles of surgery, History and examination
- Aseptic techniques
- Inflammation Repair and infection, the armamentarium
- Principles of teeth extraction and flap operation.
- Multiple extraction, Complication to exodontias and transplant.
- Surgical correction of bony anomalies
- The maxillary sinus, Cyst of the oral cavity
- Salivary glands: anatomy, development and diseases
- The Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ).

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DPR365: Removable Partial Dentures
Content:
- The basic objectives of prosthodontics treatment
- Consequences of tooth lost
- Classification of partially edentulous arches
- Requirement of an acceptable method of classification
- Designing bracing and stability
- How to counteract lateral shifting
- Components of RPDs
- Mandibular labial bar
- Complete palatal coverage
- Rests and rest seats
- Denture base

DPR366: Clinical Internship IV

DPR367: Professional Ethics and Déontology

Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.

Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.

Health care Ethics

 Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
 Bioethics
 MLS Ethics
 Moral Development
 Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
 Code of Ethics health workers.
 Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights
of The Elderly, Patients Rights
 Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
 Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards

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Patient Rights:
 Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
 Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
 Code of ethics.
 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law
Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
MIDWIFERY

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Midwifery

1. Objective of the training

The HND specialty Midwifery aims to train of occupational health with a mission to
accompany the pregnant women throughout their pregnancy, the establishment of
the diagnosis until the day of the delivery, to animate the sessions of preparation for
childbirth and ensure only the childbirth, to deal with the new-born and if necessary to
perform the gestures of resuscitation and monitor the recovery of the mother. The
midwife ensures the gynecological of women (prescription and install contraceptives,
perineal reduction and drug IVG).

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible, reflexive and relational ;
- Have adequate gestures and capacities;
- Develop adequate interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to be able to
interact effectively with their patients, entourage and the health team
- Should be trustworthy and reliable;
- Have the capacity for critical thinking, analysis and questioning;
- Develop ethical values of a normal professional;
- Make thoughtful and informed decisions;
- Be able to act with autonomy and responsibility in his area
ofcompetence.
- Master the computer tool and ICT

 Specific Skills
- Ensure the family planning with women wishing to maternity leave;
- Driving a prenatal consultation;
- Organize and facilitate a collective meeting in preparation for the birth
and the kinship;
- Ensure an emergency consultation for abdominal pain during the 3rd
quarter of pregnancy;
- Take charge of the pregnancy as soon as the design up to the issuance
and after childbirth;
- Diagnose and monitor the work, achieve the birth and monitor its suites;
- Diagnose and take charge of the hemorrhage of the grant (beyond the
immediate posPHartum period);
- Practice the clinical examination of the mother and of the new-born;
- Achieve a consultation of contraception and gynecological and
prevention;
- To achieve a neonatal resuscitation of the new-born.

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3. Outlets
- Public Service;
- Private hospitals and clinics;
- NGO (Non-Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- The agri-food sector;
- Occupational Medicine;
- Research and Training;
- PMI.

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:Midwifery
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy physiology 1 - Embryology -
MID111 55 17 4 14 90 6
Biology of Reproduction
MID112 Childcare - Nutrition - Dietetics 30 6 9 45 3
Professional Courses60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
History of the profession of midwifery -
MID113 Ethics and Professional Conduct health - 55 17 4 14 90 6
Basic nursing
Professional legislation - national health
MID114 30 6 9 45 3
system / Health Policy - Microbiology
General pharmacology - Hematology -
MID115 55 17 4 14 90 6
General Pathology
Psychology-sociology - Education for
MID116 30 6 9 45 3
Health - Prevention of Infections
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Methods of work - Official Language 1 -
MID117 Techniques of Information and 30 6 9 45 3
Communication 1
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:Midwifery
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy and Physiology 2 - Semiology -
MID121 55 17 4 14 90 6
Special pharmacology
Laboratory Techniques - Biochemistry -
MID122 30 6 9 45 3
Parasitology/Mycology
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Pregnancy /prenatal monitoring-childbirth in
MID123 40 9 11 60 4
Summit Presentation - Follow-up post natal
Communication for development-education
MID124 30 6 9 45 3
for family life -basic care at birth/neonatology
Primary Health Care - Nursing/midwifery
MID125 neonatal/base - hygiene and sanitation/First 50 12 13 75 5
Aid
MID126 Clinical Internship 1 90 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MID127 Approach to Care - Kind - Human Rights 30 6 9 45 3
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:Midwifery
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
MID231 Other varieties of childbirth 20 5 0 5 30 2
Dystocia - obstetric pathologies - obstetric
MID232 66 21 3 15 105 7
complications
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Methods of Research -Statistics - Advanced
MID233 40 9 0 11 60 4
Nursing
Epidemiology- Demography-community
MID234 30 6 0 9 45 3
health
Pediatrics - Vaccination - Advanced
MID235 50 12 0 13 75 5
techniques in Obstetrics
MID236 Community Practicum 0 0 90 0 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Medical English/medical French 1- Techniques
MID237 24 12 0 9 45 3
of Information and Communication 2
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Medical And Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Midwifery
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 uc) 9 credits 135 hours
MID241 Gynecology - Obstetrical Care 40 10 0 10 60 4
Pediatrics/neonatology/pathologies new-
MID242 46 16 3 10 75 5
born - gynecological pathologies
Professional courses 60% (4 uc) 18 credits 270 hours
MID243 Analgesic in Obstetrics - Communication 40 10 0 10 60 4
MID244 PTME - AIDS/IST 40 10 0 10 60 4
MID245 Obstetrical pathologies 35 13 4 8 60 4
MID246 Clinical Internship 2 0 0 90 0 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MID247 Family planning, initiation to research 26 11 3 5 45 3
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:Midwifery
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anthropology - reproductive health and
MID351 40 9 0 11 60 4
sexual law - Toxicology
Anesthesia - Resuscitation -
MID352 50 12 0 13 75 5
Infertility/Infertility
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Pregnancy Association and pathology
MID353 50 5 0 5 60 4
PEG
Gynecology and gynecological
MID354 10 2 0 3 15 1
pathologies
MID355 Emergencies obstetric and neonatal 10 2 0 3 15 1
Put in the situation maternity - Community
MID356 0 0 180 0 180 12
Practicum
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Civic education and ethics - Official
MID357 30 7 0 8 45 3
Language
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

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Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:Midwifery
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Gerontology/geriatrics + IEC 3 -
MID361 Administrative Writing - 50 18 3 13 90 6
Psychiatry/Psychopathology
Medical imaging - Quality Assurance -
MID362 30 6 0 9 45 3
Entrepreneurship
Professional Courses60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
The economics of health - Drafting of
MID363 30 7 0 8 45 3
memory
MID364 Imci 30 6 0 9 45 3
Follow-up to the work and obstetrical
MID365 20 5 0 5 30 2
maneuver
Internship (MSP maternity) - Internship (MSP
MID366 0 0 150 0 150 10
pediatrics)
Common Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
MID367 Professional Ethics and Deontology - ICT 30 7 0 8 45 3
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

MID111: Anatomy physiology 1 - Embryology - Biology of Reproduction

 Anatomy Physiology -1: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Nervous System
- The organization of the nervous system: central nervous system, periPWral
nervous system, autonomic nervous system (the systems parasympathetic
and sympathetic);
- The structure of the nervous tissue;
- The nerve endings; - the operation of neurons; - the reflexes.
2. The Endocrine System
- The hormones;
- Thyroid and parathyroid glands;
- The pituitary and hypothalamus;
- The adrenal glands;
- The pancreas.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye: the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- The sense of smell;
- The taste;
- The touch.
 Embryology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
- Fertilization unto implantation of clavage unto the training of the
blastocysts;
- Development of the trophctoderm (syncitio and cytotrophoblast, gaps
and chorionic villus sampling primary, secretion of HCG), the inner cell
mass (training of the endodermis primitive and of the epiblast) and the
umbilical vesicle (parietal endoderm and yolk sac secondary);
- Formation of the primitive line;
- Training of primordial slips: endodermis unto mesoderm - neural plate or
neurectoderme;
- Cerebral growth-caudal fin;
- Evolution of the mesoderm: formation of blood vessels - the allantois;
- Evolution of the villus choriale;
- The channels of Müller and Wolf;
- Evolution and Fate of embryonic slips: endodermis, mesoderm and
ectoderm;
- Sex determination.

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 Biology of Reproduction: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Define the concepts of gene, allele, dominance, recessiveness,

codominance, PWnotype, genotype, mutation, deletion
2. Location of the genetic information
3. Structure of DNA
4. Transmission of genetic information in the course of the cellular division
5. The expression of genetic information in the cell
6. Organization Organs protectors of gametes: testis and ovary (annotated
diagram)
7. The meiosis
8. The oogenesis
9. The spermatogenesis
10. The fertilization
11. Early embryonic development and implantation.

MID112: Childcare - Nutrition - Dietetics

 Child care: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition and goals of childcare

2. Physiology of the new-born
3. Assessment of the state of health of the new-born
4. Welcome and review of the new-born
5. Daily pec of the Child
6. Accompanying the parents
7. Monitoring of the growth of the Child: staturo curve-weight
8. Monitoring the development of the Child: awakening psycho-emotional
9. Immunization of the new-born and child: vaccination schedule
10. Supply of the new-born: breastfeeding and artificial
11. Milk and dairy products
12. The nutritional needs
13. Baby food

 Nutrition: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Knowledge of the food

- Definition of concepts related to the Nutrition: Nutrition, food, nutrients,
dietetics, metabolism, synthesis, nutritional needs, and food ration;
- Classification of foods.

2. Nutritional Needs
- Nutrients and their role;
- Nutritious principles;
- Daily Intakes recommended on the basis of the factors that influence
(age, sex, physiological state namely pregnancy, breastfeeding, etc.,
physical activity and pathological state);

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 - Types of needs of the organization;
- Relationship food (balanced diet, varied diet).
3. Assessment of the Nutritional Status
- Techniques for the assessment of nutritional status;
- Assessment of the nutritional status of an individual and a community;
- Definition of the monitoring of the growth;
- Construction of a curve of growth;
- Main indicators of nutritional status;
- Analysis and interpretation of data collected on the nutritional status.

4. Nutritional pathologies
- Different nutritional pathologies;
- Classification of pathologies by deficiency, by excess and by disorders of
the behavior;
- Sign, symptom and diagnostics means clinical and biological;
- Measure of prevention and treatment (make reference to the national
programs implementation in Cameroon in the field).
5. Essential actions in Nutrition
- What is the essential actions in nutrition (NEA);
- What are the NEA;
- Optimum breastfeeding during the first six months of life:

 Supplementary feeding optimal at from six months and

continuation of the maternal supply up to the age of two years
and beyond;
 Optimum Power for sick children and those severely malnourished
 Prevention of vitamin A, anemia and iodine deficiency;
 Optimal nutrition of pregnant women, lactating women and
HIV/AIDS.
6. Sanitary Safety of Food
- Personal hygiene, environmental and food;
- Quality of foodstuffs;
- Legal framework applicable to foodstuffs.
 Dietetics : 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Food for future parents: Example: choice of the sex for him-for it
2. Power supply for Pregnant Woman: needs, vitamin and mineral
supplements, food and products to avoid, increase of the consumption of
certain foods depending on the case.
3. Power supply for breastfeeding women
4. Malnutrition and nutrition
5. Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition
6. Food Allergies and nutrition - Parenteral and enteral feeding
7. Various childhood regimes depending on the case

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MID113: History of the profession of midwifery - Ethics and Professional
Deontology health - Basic nursing
 History of the profession of the Midwifery: 1 credit (15 hours) ; L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of the concepts of occupation and profession, profession of the

Sage-Femme
2. The historyof the profession of the Sage-Femme
3. The Profession of Sage-Femmeen America, in Europe and in Africa
4. Special feature of the training in Cameroon
5. The skills of the Cameroonian Sage-Femme
6. The field of exercise of the Sage-Femme in Cameroon
7. The exercises in the profession of the Sage-Femme: The quality approach
8. The role, the function of the Cameroonian Sage-Femme
9. The qualifications of the Sage-Femme/ care in obstetrics
10. The concept of professional responsibility: legal responsibility, field of the
legal responsibility, criminal liability, civil liability, contractual responsibility
11. The profile of career and professional mobility of the Cameroonian Sage-
Femme
12. The conditions for the exercises of the Sage-Femme in Cameroon: the
normative framework (the Act)
13. The dynamic professional: the associations of the Sage-Femme, the order of
the Sage-Femme.
 Ethics and Professional Deontology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Ethics
1. Definition of concepts: the concept of the human person, ethical,
moral, professional ethics, life, dead.
2. Human dignity, the dignity of the embryo
3. Concept of stigma and discrimination in the health care system in the
context of HIV and other chronic conditions
4. The concept of value and value-system
5. The systems of values and the exercise professional: the Sage-Femme
face at the request of the IVG, ethical considerations during the
neonatal resuscitation, the ethical aspect of motor disabilities of brain
origin; the active and passive euthanasia
6. The concepts of informed consent and confidentiality
7. Notion of coaching and palliative care
8. Medical developments, technological and regulation of practices
9. The test of the dilemmas as professional under
10. The professional conscience
 Professional Ethics
1. Definition of concepts;

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 2. The general duties of the Sage-Femme: duty vis-a-vis itself, of its
brothers and sisters, of the other corps of the concept of professional
misconduct.
 Basic nursing: 4 credit (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts in Nursing

2. Prior to any care: before the care, during the care, after the care
3. The folder of care
4. The House of the patient
5. The rehabilitation of the bed
6. Prevention of pressure sores
7. Administration of Medication
8. Hygienic Care: toilet
9. Vital signs: TA, pulsation, T°, FR, etc.
10. The prenatal consultation; BDCF, surveying, HU, CA, etc.
11. The techniques of parenteral injections: IM, IV, intravenous infusion,
blood transfusion
12. The bandages
13. The dressings
14. Use of material of Care: Pool bed, urinal, bladder of ice, bouillotte,
spittoon, thermometer, device to TA, scales, spacer, meter ribbon.

MID114: professional legislation - national health system / Health Policy –

Microbiology
 The professional legislation: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Generality and fundamental principles (public law, private)

2. Concept on the courts in Cameroon
3. The legislation of work in the public and the private sector
4. The unions and associations (right to strike)
5. Concept on the contract for the travails and collective agreement
6. The sanctions in the Professional plan of the Council of the order of the
professions of Nursing, Sage-Femme and Technicians medico-sanitary
7. Administrative acts: the declaration of pregnancy, the certificate of
pregnancy, the declaration of birth
 National System of Health / Health Policy: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts: health system, health policy

2. Schematic representation of a health system
3. History and evolution of health systems in Cameroon
4. Description of the national health system in Cameroon: concept on the
decisions of the conferences of Lusaka and Bamako, basic elements of
the reorientation primary health care, health pyramid and its components,
the national health system in Cameroon with the unit of integration,

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 principles of care as defined by the reo. S.S.P, structure of the health
district with its minimum package of activities, concept of role, concept of
the financing and management of activities, concept on the recovery of
costs, concept on the essential drugs and generic, concept is based on
the document a sectoral strategy Health , basic concept on the strategy
paper for growth and employment, basic concept on the Poverty
Reduction Strategy Paper, a concept on the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGS), a concept on social inequality, the servicing of the health
district: steps, a concept on the priority program of health in Cameroon:
justification of a health program, components of a program, Determinants
The success Of health programs.

 Microbiology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction to the microbiology
- History (work of Louis Pasteur and concept of the disease);
- Definition of Microbiology;
- Different branches of the microbiology (bacteriology, parasitology,
mycology, virology).
2. General Bacteriology/virology: Bacteria
- General Concept on the bacteria (definition and generality, bacterial
structure);
- Bacterial physiology;
- Antigenic Constitution of the bacteria;
- Bacterial nutrition;
- Growth of bacteria ;
- Respiratory mode (aerobic, anaerobic, fermentation);
- Host relationship bacteria;
- Classification of bacteria depending on the relationship with the Host:
symbiotic bacteria, commensal, pathogens (Specific, opportunistic);
- Mode of transmission;
- Concept of pathogen and pathogenicity: virulence, toxin production;
- Host Defense Mechanism (agency) against the bacteria: natural
immunity, immunity artificial or gained;
- Concept on the classification of bacteria (depending on the form,
identities based dyes, according Prévot).
3. The virus: the virus definition - Viral structure - classification of viruses
4. Means of fight against microorganisms: asepsis unto antisepsis unto
disinfectant sterilization unto unto concepts on antibiotics (definition and
classification).

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MID115: General Pharmacology - Hematology - General Pathology
 General Pharmacology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of the concepts of the Pharmacology: medication, active
principle, excipients, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacovigilance, drug dependence, pharmacogenetics, concept of
target, carrier, adverse effect.
2. Definition and Origin of the drugs
3. Different types of molecules used in therapy
4. The different forms of the drug
5. The risks of the drug (adverse reactions, drug interactions, drug
dependence)
6. Drug Nomenclature
7. Order and rule of prescription of drugs (types of orders, classification of
medicines, drugs listed, drugs not listed, the right of substitution)
8. Prescription in specific populations: the renal impairment, the pregnant
woman, the child, the elderly person
9. Self-medication and dangers of drugs
10. Molecular mechanism of action of drugs
• Concept of pharmacological target (Membrane receptors and
intracellular, carriers, ionic channels);
• Classification of medicines in function of their target;
• Physiological reminder and classification of different types of membrane
receptors.
11. Pharmacological analysis of the interaction between a drug and its target
• Concept of affinity and of activity - Types of Interaction (agonist,
antagonist, partial agonists, inverse agonists);
• Establishment of the pharmacological profile of a drug;
• Concept of desensitization, hypersensitivity, dependence, tolerance;
• Concept of interaction between drug and ionic channels voltage-
dependent (dissociation kinetics).
12. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of drugs
• Definition and Purpose of the pharmacokinetics;
• Steps of the pharmacokinetics of a drug (ADME);
• Mode of administration of the drugs (Advantage and disadvantage of
each track);
• Influence physiological and pathophysiological on the
pharmacokinetics of drugs.
13. Concepts of Pharmacodynamics
• Definition and Purpose of the pharmacodynamics;
• Concept of therapeutic margin;
• Dosage adjustment: choice of the best dose;
14. Therapeutic risk during pregnancy and lactation.

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 Haematology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction to the Hematology and immunohematology: Definition and
General Information
2. Concept on the blood: definition, composition
3. The figurative elements of the blood
• The erythrocytes: origin (according to erythropoiesis), numeration,
morphology, biochemical composition and enzymatic, physiology, role
in the organization;
• Leukocytes: origin (according granulopoïèse), numeration, morphology,
classification, physiology, role;
• Platelets: origin (according thrombopoïèse), numeration, morphology,
physiology, role, hemostasis and coagulation.
4. Immunohematology: the blood groups in the ABO system, in the Rhesus
system, intérêTHe their determination
5. Pathology of the blood and anomalies
• Erythrocyte pathology: anemia, polycythemia, sickle cell anemia;
• Granulo pathologies monocytic-: Neutropenia, polynucléose,
eoNUSophilia, leukemia acute myeloid;
• Lymphoid pathologies: Lymphoid leukemia Acute and chronic,
anomalies (lymphopénies) during the course of the HIV infection;
• Platelet pathologies: thrombocytopenia, anomalies of hemostasis and
coagulation, haemophilia.
6. Methods of exploration/means of biological diagnosis
• Blood Count (NFS) or CBC;
• Rate of hémoglobineŔHématocrite -speed of sedimentation (VS);
• Bleeding time (TS) and of coagulation (TC);
• Test of Emmel and electrophoresis of hemoglobin;
• Determination of blood groups -Compatibility Test (cross match).
 General Pathology: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Pathologies medico-surgical procedures of the digestive tract
- Definition of concepts;
- Pathophysiology;
- Etiology;
- Semiology : Symptom and clinical signs;
- Paraclinical examinations;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Evolution and complications;
- Treatment: medical, surgical, preventive;
- Role of the Sage-Femme / care in obstetrics.
2. Bacterial diseases
- Definition of concepts;

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 - Epidemiology (etiology: causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode
of transmission);
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Biological examinations;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- Role of the Sage-Femme/ care in obstetrics.
3. Cardiovascular diseases
- Definition of concepts;
- Epidemiology (etiology: causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode
of transmission);
- Pathophysiology;
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Paraclinical examinations;
- Different clinical forms;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- Role of the Sage-Femme/ care in obstetrics.
4. The pathologies of the blood
- Definition of concepts;
- Epidemiology (etiology: causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode
of transmission);
- Pathophysiology;
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Paraclinical examinations;
- Different clinical forms;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Evolution and complications;
- Conduct;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- Role of the Sage-Femme/ care in obstetrics.
5. Pathology endocrine Medical
- Definition of concepts;
- Epidemiology (etiology : causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode
of transmission);
- Factors favoring;
- Pathophysiology;
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Paraclinical examinations;
- Different clinical forms;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;

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 - Evolution and complications;
- Conduct - curative treatment and preventive measure; - Role of the
Sage-Femme/ care in obstetrics.
6. Surgical pathologies of the Musculoskeletal System
- Definition of concepts;
- Epidemiology (etiology : causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode
of transmission);
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Paraclinical examinations;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- The role of the Midwife/ care in obstetrics.
7. Viral diseases
- Definition of concepts;
- Epidemiology (etiology: causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode
of transmission);
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Phase: incubation, invasion, state;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Biological review;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- Role of the Sage-Femme/Maieutician;
8. Pathologies medico-surgical procedures of the Genitourinary
System
- Definition of concepts;
- Pathophysiology ;
- Etiology: causal agent and Factors Favoring/mode of transmission);
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Paraclinical examinations - positive diagnosis and differential;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- Role of the Sage-Femme/Maieutician.
9. Parasitic Diseases
- Definition of concepts;
- Epidemiology (etiology: causal agent, agents vector, the host, the
evolutionary cycle and the factors favoring/mode of transmission);
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign ;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Biological review;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;

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 - Role of the Sage-Femme/ care in obstetrics.
10. Pathologies broncho-pulmonary
- Definition of concepts;
- Etiology: causalet agent the factors favoring/mode of transmission);
- Pathophysiology;
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- The different clinical forms;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure;
- Role of the Sage-Femme/Maieutician.
11. Surgical pathologies of the skin and underlying tissues
- Definition of concepts;
- Etiology: causal agent and the factors favoring/mode of
transmission)
- Pathophysiology;
- Semiology: symptoms and clinical sign;
- Positive diagnosis and differential;
- Paraclinical examinations;
- Evolution and complications;
- Curative treatment and preventive measure; - Role of the Sage-
Femme/Maieutician.

MID116: Psychology-sociology - Education for Health - Prevention of

Infections
 Psychology-sociology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Generality: definition of psychology, sociology and anthropology

2. Evolution of the man in its cultural environment: cultural phenomenon in
link with the fertility, birth, maternity, cultural attitudes to the illness, death
and bereavement
3. The main mechanisms of defense: mounting, regression, refoulement,
sublimation, projection, displacement, rationalization
4. Relationship between midwifery and women/children: asymmetric
relationship, emphatic relationship, conflictual relationship
5. The Physiological factors of the good home and impact in patients
 Education for Health: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Context and Problem of education for the health
2. Definition of certain general concepts related to education for health
3. The communication process
 The barriers to communication;
 The channels of communications;
 The principles of good communication;
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 Types of communication.
4. Techniques and strategies of communication
5. Objectives, goals and priorities of the Education for the health
6. Basic principles, levels of intervention of the communication
7. Methods: presentations, meetings, role play, case study, demonstration,
etc. their classification, criteria of choice
8. Means used in education for health: their classification, criteria of choice
9. Group Dynamics: JOHARI Window
10. Organization of an educational talk and its stages
11. Organization of a home visit is its steps
12. Layout of Tables during the sessions of the animation.

 Prevention of Infections: 1 credit (15 hours) ; L, T, P, PW

1. Definition of concepts: host, germ, tank, transmission, nosocomial
infection;
2. Mechanism of nosocomial infections: infectious agents involved, modes of
transmission and risk factors, types of risks linked to the sick and to care,
location of nosocomial infections
3. Prevention of nosocomial infections
4. Standard precautions: hygiene of hands, techniques of hand washing,
personal protective equipment
5. Measure In the event of an accident of exposure to blood
6. Additional precautions: insulation
7. Maintenance of the environment: waste management, hygiene of the
premises, and treatment of medical devices: Decontamination,
Sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis.

MID117: Methods of work -Bilingual training 1 - Techniques of Information

and Communication 1
 Method of work: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of concepts: Method, methodology, will, intelligence,
knowledge, namely, organization, ability, memory, concentration
2. Symptom of a poor organization - the organization of the office
3. The management of the time - Synthesis and note taking
4. Preparation of the body for optimal learning: the power supply,
relaxation, rest, physical and psychical
5. The organization of the work - the work environment
6. Reading: typologies, the taking of notes
7. Preparation for the review - the process of resolution of problems
 Official Language 1: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, PW

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 1. Grammar (identification for different partof speech, construction of
tenses concords)
2. Anatomy (naming of body parts especially the reproductive system)
3. Construction of medical terms (medical terminology including priority
health program, and their nomenclature in both language)
4. Translation of documents
5. Description of the health structure and component in both language
 Naming of instruments used in the hospital;
 Identification of personnel in the hospital (categories);
 Units and departments of the hospital.

 Techniques of Information and Communication 1: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Concepts and architecture of computers
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

MID121: Anatomy and physiology 2 - Semiology - Special pharmacology

 Anatomy physiology 2: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Cardiovascular system (1 Credit)
- The heart;
- The general circulation;
- The different parts of the circulatory system (arteries, system door,
the veins, the pulmonary circulation);
- Verification of the effectiveness of the Movement: blood pressure,
pulse.
2. The respiratory system (0.5 credit)
- Descriptive anatomy and appliquéedes respiratory tract;
- Mechanism of the ventilation.
- The respiratory échangesgazeux;
- Lesmodifications of the respiratory system during pregnancy.
3. The digestive system (0.5 credit)
- Descriptive anatomy of the digestive system;
- The bodies annexs to the digestion - The mechanism of digestion; -
The Digestive changes during the course of thepregnancy.
4. Urinary system (0,5crédit)
- Anatomy of the kidney;

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 - Schematic and functions of the various parts of the 2 types of
nephron;
- Mechanism of production of urine (glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, tubular secretion);
- Anatomy and Physiology of the ureters of the bladder and the
urethra ;
- Physiological changes of urinary system during the pregnancy.

5. The genital system (0.5 credit)

- Anatomy of the genital system the masculine and the feminine and
the glandesannexes;
- Physiology of the semen: sperm analysis;
- Physiology of the genital system masculine: spermatogenesis;
- Physiology of the genital system female: oogenesis, ovarian cycle,
hormonal regulation of the ovarian cycle, menstrual cycle, effects of
estrogen and progesterone, the sexual response of the woman; -
anatomy physiology of the breast.
6. Osteology, Arthropologie and general Myology (1 credit)
- The OS and the skeleton;
- The Joints - The musculature;
- The basin at the woman.

 Semiology: 1 credit (15 hours) ; L, T, P, SPW

 Definition, etiology, sign and symptom of a few affection of:
- The Respiratory System
- The urinary tract
- The circular device
- The Digestive System
- Nervous System
- Sense Organs
- Dermatology
- Musculoskeletal Health
- Genitourinary
 Special pharmacology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The anti-infective drugs: Antibiotics, antituberculosis drugs, pesticides

antivirals
2. The drugs in the central nervous system: analgesics, anaesthetics,
antiepileptics, psychotropic drugs, the antiparkinsonian
3. The drugs in the vegetative nervous system: drugs of the sympathetic
system and parasympathetic system
4. The drugs in the cardiovascular and renal: the antihypertensive agents,
diuretics, normolipémiants, plasma and its fractions

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 5. The drugs in inflammation and tissue reactions: The antiinflammations,
medicines of the gout, antihistamines
6. The medicines of the digestive system: drugs of the intestine, stomach,
liver, bile, antiemetics, products of contrast used in digestive Radiology
7. The medicines of the respiratory: antitussives, expectorants, the respiratory
analeptiques, medicines of asthma, the Asphyxiation
8. The hormonal drugs and vitamins: drugs of diabetes, peptide hormones
and steroids, contraceptiques, vitamins
9. The drugs of coagulation disorders: anticoagulants, antiplatelet medicinal
products, modifiers of fibrinolysis, hemostatic the
10. The drugs used during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
MID122: Techniques in the laboratory - Biochemistry -
Parasitology/Mycology
 Laboratory Techniques: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• Levy (variable depending on the areas of activities in the
laboratory), collection and transmission of biological samples.
• Methods of essential basic biological diagnostic in:
- Clinical Bacteriology: examinations direct microscopic (State Fees
and after staining of gram) of genital secretions, urinary, LCR, etc.
- Haematology: blood count (NFS), speed of sedimentation (VS),
haemoglobin, hematocrit, test of Emmel, bleeding time (TS), activated
clotting time (TC).
- Immuno-hematology: determination of blood groups (in the ABO
system and RH), test of compatibility (pourprévenir accidents of the
blood transfusion).
- Clinical Biochemistry:
 Biochemical test quick (albumin, sugar, Ph, etc.);
 Urinary biochemistry: Proteinuria, glucosuria, bile pigments, ketone
bodies;
 Biological diagnosis of pregnancy.
- Parasitology/clinical Mycology
 Parasitic Coprologie KOAP"";
 Blood Parasitology: drop thick, thin smears;
 Parasitology cutanéo dermal-: skin biopsy exangue (ECB);
 Parasitology genito-urinary tract: trichomonas, Schistosoma.
 Mycology: review direct microscopic of mycological levies
- Immuno-Serology: VDRL, PHHA, Widal and Felix, ASLO, screening of
HIV, HSV and chlamydia.
- Basic concept on the approach-quality, hygiene and safety in the
laboratory.

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 Clinical Biochemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction to the biochemistry (general and clinical): definition and
General Information
2. Concept on the living matter
3. Definition and chemical composition (water, organic molecules, elements
minerals and oligo-elements, nucleic acids, enzymes)
4. Biochemical constituents of biological fluids of the body
 Urine: normal constituents and abnormal: proteins (albumin),
carbohydrates (glucose), ketone bodies, salts and bile pigments,
sediment and calculations, nitrogenous constituents (mineral ions, Na+,
K+), blood, leukocytes;
 Blood: fluid compartments (plasma, serum), proteins, (urea, creatinine,
bilirubin), carbohydrate (glucose), mineral ions (Na+, K+), lipids
(cholesterol, triglycerides), serum enzymes (AST, ALT, PAL, CAP,
Gamma GT); The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): protide, carbohydrate,
cHCMoride.
5. Physiological mechanisms of the major constituents or biochemical
parameters
 Carbohydrate: The oses (Classification), the structure and
the properties of the glucose, the metabolism and the role of glucose;
 Lipids: main groups, metabolism and the role of cholesterol and
triglycerides;
 Proteins: structure and classification, metabolism and the role of the
protein.
6. Metabolic pathologies: quote a few metabolic pathologies
7. Biological examinations or means of biological diagnosis)
 Qualitative test: (biochemical test fast for research in the urine:
 Albumin, sugar, keto body, pigments and bile salts and for the
diagnosis biology of the pregnancy);
 Assay (quantitative test) in the blood: glucose (blood glucose), urea,
creatinine, bilirubin, transaminases, cholesterol, triglycerides, ions
minerals (ionogramme) and in the CSF.
 Parasitology/Mycology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction to the parasitology and mycology: Definition and General
Information
2. Parasites of medical interest: general notions on the parasites (definition:
parasite and parasitism, classification: nomenclature and systematic
(taxonomy) of human parasites classified into four group: Protozoa:
sporozoaire or coccidia, rhizopods, flagellates, ciliates. The helminthias :
némathelminthes: classes of nematodes oviparous and viviparous,
Platyhelminthes: classes of trematodes and cestodes, arthropods (insects
and mites vectors), mollusc, annelids, micromycètes (fungi):

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 Microscopic fungi:
 Epidemiology and parasitic cycle;
 Host-parasite relationship and pathogenicity;
 Means of pest control: community distribution of treatments and nets,
anti-vector, health education, construction of wells and latrines,
access to drinking water.
3. To quote a few parasitic diseases and their techniques for diagnosis:
 Protozoa: anguines (malaria, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiases),
intestinal (amoebiasis, giardiasis, coccidioses), uro-genital
trichomoniasis (uro-genital), dermal ( cutaneous leishmaniasis);
 Helminthias infections: intestinal (bilarziosis or schistosomiases,
pinworms), hookworm, Trichuriasis, ascaridiose, teaniase, anguillulose,
blood (filariasis), mucocutaneous (onchocerciasis), uro-genital
(schistosomiasis or bilarzia) ;
 Pathologies due to arthropods: Gale or scabiose (dermal dermatosis)
due to a mite vector, Sarcoptes scabiei;
 Pathologies due to micromycètes (microscopic fungi):
 Fungal infections.
4. The fungi of medical interest
 General concepts on the microscopic fungi (or fungi):
 Definitions, generality (morphology, mode of reproduction and
transmission, pathogenic role);
 Classification of some fungal diseases (mycosis) and their microscopic
fungi responsible: quote a few pathologies without developing the
disease;
 Mycosis dermatophyte or gastroenteric infections or dermatophytosis:
Moth, onyxis of hands and feet, etc. fungi responsible: Trichophyton,
Microsporum, Epidermophyton;
 Mycosis to yeast or yeast infections: intertrigo to Candida or genital
candidiasis, agent responsible for Candida albicans;
 Other mycosis: mycosis or oral candidiasis: responsible agent Candida
albicans, Mycosis to filamentous fungi contaminants aspergillosis
(agent responsible Aspergillus fumigatus), Mycosis atypical or
inclassées: Pneumocystoses (pathogen Pneumocystisjioveci formerly
Pneumocystiscarinii).

MID123: Pregnancy/prenatal monitoring-childbirth in Summit Presentation -

Follow-up post natal
 Pregnancy: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Physiological Reminder - Menstrual Cycle - Fertilization
2. The embryonic development and placental
 Period of pre-implantation;
 Period of post implantation;
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  The circulatory system of the placenta;
 Cell differentiation;
 Leshormones of pregnancy.
3. The physiological changes of the maternal organism
 Changes cardio-vascular disease;
 Immune changes;
 The changes of hemostasis;
 Endocrine Changes;
 Changes in the digestive system;
 Respiratory changes;
 Integumentary Changes - Changes hematological
 Changes in the urinary system;
 Modifications of the genital system.
4. The changes psychical and psychological
5. The positive diagnosis and differential of the pregnancy and the
beginning: signs and manifestations of the pregnancy, interrogation and
clinical examinations, complementary examinations Hygiene of the
pregnancy: bodily hygiene, dress hygiene, food hygiene

 The follow-up: Prenatal 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Prenatal consultations refocused - Diagnostics of pregnancy
2. Definition of prenatal care refocused
3. The goals of the refocused prenatal -The components of prenatal care
4. The objectives of the antenatal monitoring
5. Pace of prenatal consultations
6. First Consultation - Following Consultation
7. Systematic bias - biological balance of the pregnancy
8. Plan for the preparation of normal childbirth
9. Review of a pregnant woman in the vicinity of the term.

 Delivery in the presentation of the Summit: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of the presentation of the Summit
2. The different varieties of the presentation of the Summit (OIDA, OIGA,
OIDP, OIGA, OP)
3. The diagnosis of the presentation of the Summit - the differential diagnosis
4. The delivery in the presentation of the summit, prior varieties, varieties after
5. Description of the maneuver of Leopold
6. Mechanism of the delivery in the presentation of the Summit: Synclitisme
and Asynclitisme, commitment, expulsion, decent and rotation of the
head in the birth of the Summit
7. The practical conduct of the delivery in the summit presentation
8. The issuance: spontaneous, GAPHA, artificial
 Follow-up post natal: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of the concept followed post natal

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 2. Classification of the period post natal
3. Monitoring post natal
4. Post-natal consultations
5. Surveillance in the delivery room
6. Monitoring of uterine involution
7. The risquesmaternels in post partum
8. Prevention and Screening of phlebitis
9. The lactation and monitoring, breast care
10. Education and counseling focused on potential problems
11. The suites of normal layers
12. Supervision and care in the suites of layers
13. The composition of foods for the mother and hygiene of the mother and
baby
14. List of drugs that the mother must take or not take
15. Establishment of the list of vaccines for the baby
16. Physiology of the return of layers
17. Importance of breastfeeding intensive
18. Family planning in post partum

MID124: Communication for development-education for family life -basic

care at birth/neonatology
 Communication for Development: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of concepts: communication for development, planning,
organization, direction, control and coordination
2. Principles of the communication and different applications
3. Why the approach to communication for development?
4. The objectives of the communication for development in Cameroon
5. Participatory Communication for Development
6. Process of change of behavior
7. The planning process of interventions in information education and
communication - Design Phase: analysis of the situation, fault finding
possible community
8. Techniques of approach to know the community
 Data Collection - Analysis and interpretation of data;
 Practical illustration of the analysis and interpretation of data;
 Finding-analysis of the situation;
 Identification of health problems and choice of priority problems;
 Formulation and analysis of the priority problems in view of the
determination of the causes and predisposing factors, facilitating and
strengthening.
9. Formulation of objectives of the communication program
10. Communication Plan

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  Education for family life: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of concepts: kinship responsible, family (family form, functions of
the family: socialisation and procreation)
2. Reminder anatomy and physiology of male and female
3. Transformation associated with puberty
4. Contraception
5. Risk behaviors and high risk
6. Consequence of Risk Behaviors
7. Dimensions of the sexuality: biological, psychoaffectif social and
8. Strategies for the prevention of STIS AND HIV and other deviant behavior
9. Definitions: Stigma, discrimination
10. Solidarity with the people affected and infected with HIV/AIDS
11. Other mechanisms for the fight against stigma and discrimination and
other deviant behavior.
 Basic care at birth/neonatology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. The care of personal hygiene
2. Period of reactivity - Apgar score
3. The reactions to the Birth: adaptation of the respiratory system,
cardiovascular system, system hepatic impairment, the gastrointestinal
system, adaptation of the renal system, adaptation immunological.
4. The care at birth: Tracks upper air, the umbilical bandage, care of the
eyes, the weighing and surveying, toilet, dressing, the identification
5. The first reviews: the general condition of the Child, the screening of
malformations, the neurological examination
6. Interventionsessentielles of care: the prevention of infections, the thermal
protection, breastfeeding early, immunization, vitamin K1
7. Parent-Child Relationship
8. Preparation of the ouPHut: the Declaration of the birth

MID125:Primary health care – nursing care/Obstetric/ neonatal/of basis -

Hygiene and Sanitation/First Aid
 Primary Health Care: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Generality on the health, disease, the development: social and
community level
2. Definition of concepts: primary health care: what are they?
3. Which offers primary health care? The characteristics of care
4. Community Health
5. Community Cooperation
6. The primary health care (PHC) conference in Alma Ata
7. Declaration of the Alma Ata Conference
8. Description of the 08 components of primary health care
9. Essential drugs and primary health care
10. Concept of reference and against Reference

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 11. Description of the decisions of the Bamako Initiative (IB) and the Lusaka
conference
12. Criterion of success of the IB

 Nursing care / Obstetric /Neonatal of basis: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts: nursing, obstetrical care, neonatal care base,
asepsis, disinfectant, Sterilization
2. Practice the asepsis.
3. Nursing in New-born
4. Needs and nursing care of the new-born at risk: premature, small
weight, children big for the term of the pregnancy, child of diabetic
mother, child of surrogate mother of HIV, parent of a new-born in high risk
5. Nursing care in case of complications in the newborn (asepsis, respiratory
distress, neonatal jaundice, hemolytic disease, neonatal anemia,
infection, viral haemorrhagic disease)
6. Nursing care in cases of congenital anomalies and management risks of
family trauma
7. Nursing care in the mother - Monitoring of the mother
8. Nursing care in isolation in box -Nursing record
 Hygiene and Sanitation: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. General information on the hygiene
2. Areas of hygiene: personal hygiene, food hygiene, hospital hygiene,
environmental hygiene
3. General principles of hygiene
4. Definition and objectives of the Remediation
5. Sanitation System - Field of sanitation
6. Obstacle related to hygiene and sanitation in the Middle hospital care
 First aid: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. The first care according to the type of disaster
2. Transport of evacuees.
3. Knowledge of first aid: history, objectives, use of emblems
4. Volunteering: law and duties of the rescuer, first-aid attendant's role in the
community
5. First Aid to the victims: general principles, clinical examination summary,
gesture and techniques of first aid
6. Principle of first aid

MID126: Clinical Internship 1

 Activities: 6 credits (90 hours); P

1. Nursing care in the admission of the Nursing mother

2. Nursing care during labor
3. Organization of a spontaneous childbirth
4. Role of the Sage-Femme in delivery room/work

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 5. Role of the Sage-Femme during normal work : partogramme and GAPHA
6. Medical interventions
7. Care in post partum immediate of the mother and the Newborn
8. Home of the new-born - Apgar score -care of the Umbilical Cord
9. Eye care - physical examinations of the new-born by the Sage-Femme
10. Identification of the new-born- folder of nursing care.
11. Surveillance of the mother - Mother-Child Relationship

MID127: Approach of care - Kind - Human Rights

 Approach of care: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Concept of the person in its entirety

2. Definition of concepts: conceptual model, professional role of the
midwives/maieutician, Diagnosis of care
3. Concept of problems: real, potential
4. Types and choice of conceptual models
5. Description of the steps of the process of care: stages of data collection
6. Data analysis and interpretation, planning, implementation of
interventions and evaluation
7. Concept of formulation of the diagnostics of care

 Kind: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Concept and terminology: kind, socialization, stereotype, discrimination

2. The biological sex - The Social Sex or Gender -Organizations and
Conferences framework for the promotion of the kind: the Beijing
Conference
3. The Different Approaches Gender: Equality of man-woman, equity of
man-woman, parity of man-woman - Evolution of the concept of gender
4. A few manifestation of discrimination based on the Gender: Equality
economic, social, cultural, political- Kind and MDG 3
5. Gender Approach and Development - Care related to the approach
Gender and Health
6. The "woman empowerment "- The violence based on gender.
 Human rights: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Define the concepts: right, duty, Public Law, Private Law

2. General concepts on the right
3. The sources of the law: direct and indirect sources
4. The international and regional legal instruments of human rights:
 The Declaration of Human Rights (article 25);
 The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (article 33) ;
 European Social Charter (Article11);
 Pace International relating to economic, social and cultural rights
(Article 12);

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 African Charter of Human Rights and the rights of peoples;

 United Nations conferences on the Rights of women;
 The Fundamental Rights of Man;
 Health as a human right;
 Challenges Strategies to promote health.
5. Law in reproductive health
 State of places of rights in reproductive health;
 Reproductive right/Maternity - HIV/AIDS and human right.
6. The frequent sprains to rights in relation dereproduction

MID231: Other varieties of childbirth

 Other varieties of birth: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Childbirth in the cephalic presentations other than the summit:
Occipitopostérieur, Bregma, front face
2. Childbirth in presentation of seat
3. Childbirth in transverse positions and oblique (Presentation of the
Shoulder).
MID232: Dystocia - Obstetric Pathologies - Obstetric Complications
 Dystocia: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Dynamic dystocia or Mother tongues: Abnormalities of the uterine

contraction; Anomalies of the cervical dilation.
2. Dystocia mechanical:
 Related to the Fetus: Anomalies of positions - Anomalies of
presentations - anomalies related to the development of the fetus -
anomalies related to fetal annexs;
 Related to the mother or anomalies of the basin- Tumors pelvic
(previa).
3. Complications of dystocia:
 Maternal complications;
 Fetal complications.
4. Conduct before each type of dystocia:
 Conduct preventive;
 Curative conduct.

 Obstetrical pathologies: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Bleeding in early pregnancy: abortions/pregnancy stopped, ectopic

pregnancies, diseases trophoblast gestationnelles (pregnancy môlaire,
choriocarcinoma)
2. Bleeding at the end of pregnancy: placenta previa, haematoma
placental retro; - Hyperemesisgravidarum

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 3. Fetal pathology: intra-uterine growth retardation, suffering fetal (acute
and chronic), small birth weight, macrosomia, threat of premature birth,
prolonged pregnancy-post-term, fetal death in utero, multiple
pregnancy
4. Pathology of fetal annexs: pathology of the membranes and the
amniotic fluid premature rupture of the membranes, polyhydramnios,
oligohydramnios, Chorioamnionitis adhesions, amnion flanges
5. Pathology of the umbilical cord: Anomalies of length (brevity, excess
length)
6. Anomalies of the position of the Cord: circulars, straps, nodes,
procidentia, latérocidence, presentation of the Cord - Anomalies of
insertion

 Obstetric complications: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Fever in the beginning of the work - syndrome of pre-rupture
2. Bleeding during the work: placenta previa- Placentae Placenta
3. Uterine rupture - hypertensive diseases and pregnancy
4. The pre-eclampsia
5. Hypoglycaemia in the course of the work - suffering acute fetal
6. Procidentia of the Cord - The eclampsia
MID233: Methods of research - Statistics - Advanced Nursing
 Methods of the research: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The epistemological foundations in research:

- Facts as elements of departure of the research;
- The objectives of the research;
- A few key concepts in research;
- Approaches to research;
- Methods in research;
- Scope of the research;
- Importance of the research;
- How to determine the research themes;
- Ethical issues in research;
- Practical advice for the drafting of a memory.
2. Framework of the project
- Theme;
- Introduction;
- General interest;
- Specific interest in the discipline;
- Problem;
- Problematic;
- Question of research;
- Objectives;

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 - Methodological approach;
- Conclusion;
- Bibliography.
3. Framework of the Protocol
- Theme;
- Background / justification of the study;
- Problem;
- Problematic;
- Question of research;
- Assumptions;
- Objectives;
- Conceptual framework;
- Theoretical Framework;
- Methodology (place, type of search, search method,
population, technical collection, collection tool, ethical
considerations);
- Budget/ funding;
- Calendar of activities.
4. Framework of the memory
- Theme;
- Executive Summary;
- Dedication;
- Acknowledgments;
- Abbreviations, acronyms and abbreviations;
- List of figures;
- List of tables;
- Executive Summary;
- Abstract;
- Introduction;
- Context of the study ;
- Problem;
- Problematic;
- Research questions;
- Assumptions;
- Objectives;
- Conceptual framework;
- Theoretical Framework;
- Methodology;
- Presentation of the results;
- Summary and discussion;
- Conclusion and suggestions;
- Bibliography - Table of Contents unto Annexs.

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 Statistics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition of the concepts of base (population, statistical unit,
character, variable, table statistics)
2. Statistics varied uni
 Graphic representations (diagram in stick, pipe organ, sector);
 Digital description (mean, mode, median proportion, cumulative
frequencies growing and decreasing, variance, standard
deviation).
3. Statistics varied bi
 Graphic representations (diagrams juxtaposed, stacked);
 ODigital description (average marginal, marginal frequency); o
Association between variables (cloud of points, contingency table,
correlation coefficient, covariance);
 Analytical Adjustment (linear regression by least square without
tests of significance, Mayer).
4. Elements of statistics-mathematical (test of comparison of average,
test of comparison of proportion, test of independence of KHI-two)
5. Practice Elements of investigations (Elements of Sampling,
development of questionnaires, data collection, data processing
informatics and statistics of data)
 Advanced nursing practice: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Bladder catheterization
2. Aseptic Collection of urine, blood for blood culture
3. Gastric conduit
4. Stomach washing
5. Establishment of an indwelling catheter in a peripheral vein,
establishment of a catheter in a central vein, establishment of a
umbilical arterial catheter, installing a nasogastric tube, methods of
administration of liquids by the parenteral route, lumbar puncture
6. Blood transfusion
7. Nursing care pre, PER and post-operative
8. Suturing wounds and ablation of the Son
9. Dressing With drainage
10. Care of the burned
11. Maintenance of the incubators and the hardware
12. Nursing in New-born/ premature in the brooder
13. Nursing care post-partum at mother-child pair
14. Nursing care to the patient in a state of disorder of conscience
15. Nursing records

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MID234: Epidemiology - Demography - Community Health
 Epidemiology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition and generalities of epidemiology
2. Approaches in epidemiology
3. Interest of the epidemiology
4. The frequency measures of health PWnomena
5. Extent of morbidity and mortality
6. Epidemiological Tripod: the epidemiological chain
7. Epidemiological investigations and measures of association
8. Fight against an epidemic
9. Notions of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values
10. General prophylaxis of communicable diseases
11. Epidemiological surveillance and the PWnomena of mass.

 Demography: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Notions of demography
2. Social and political significance of the demographic facts on the
health
3. Fundamental areas of the Demographic Analysis
4. Demographic Dimensions
5. Structures and demographic phenomena
6. Sources of demographic information
7. Demographic indicators
8. A measure of the state of health of the population
9. Causes of the deterioration of the health of populations
10. Prevention in public health

 Community health: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition of concepts: health, community, community health, public

health, community diagnosis, community participation, health
development, relationship between health and development
2. Concepts on the promotion of health
3. Notions of needs and problems of public health
4. Concept of request/ supply of health care
5. Analysis of individual needs and the community
6. Study of the Determinants
7. Establishment of the profile of the community.
8. Methods and tools for data collection
9. Identification of key informants at the local level
10. Identification of priority problems in community health
11. Formulation of objectives
12. Identification of resources
13. Choice of strategies and interventions

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 14. Analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
15. Formulation of the program of intervention and Budgeting
16. Monitoring and Evaluation

MID235: Pediatrics - Vaccination - Advanced techniques in Obstetrics

 Pediatrics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Infectious pathologies in Pediatrics
 Viral infections: -HIV and interpretation of the diagnostic test of HIV
among the child
 Viral Meningitis -viral Encephalopathies -Enteroviruses …;
 Bacterial infections: aseptic meningitis, meningococcemia,
tuberculous meningitis, scarlet fever, tetanus;
 Parasitic Infections: Trichomonas intestinal, malaria, pediculosis;
 Infections of the ENT sphere: acute otitis media, chronic otitis media,
sinusitis in the child, acute nasopharyngitis, amygdalites acute or
chronic, acute angina epistaxis.
2. Fever in the child
3. Osteo infections joints
4. Reflux esophageal gastro
5. Hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus
6. Constipation
7. Purpura of the Child
8. Dysphonia
9. Congestive heart failure of the Child
10. Dehydration
11. Diarrhea Acute or chronic,
12. Malabsorption syndrome
13. Invaginations acute intestinal
14. Intestinal obstruction
15. Epilepsy
16. Autism
17. Diabetes of the Child
18. Convulsions of the Child
19. Dizziness
20. Disorders of the language.

 Vaccination: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. General information on the vaccination
2. The objectives of the expanded program of immunization (EPI)
3. Classification of vaccines
4. Epi target diseases
5. Estimate of needs for vaccines
6. Management of stocks of vaccines

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 Follow-up to the use of vaccines
7.
8. Schedule of vaccination of the ENP
9. Vaccine strategies
10. Planning and organization of a day of vaccination
11. Vaccination in the adult and the young child - Management of the
chain of cold
12. Security and quality of vaccines - Safety of Injections
13. Monitoring aefis (MAPI)
14. Safe Disposal of Waste
15. Management of side effects of the Vaccines
16. Maintenance of the chain of cold
17. Communication in the area of immunization
 Advanced Techniques in obstetrics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Test of work (test of basin)/ TEST OF scar
2. Induction/ stimulation of work
3. Episiotomy
4. Instrumental birth: Obstetric Suction Cup - Forceps
5. Version:, cephalic, podalique external and internal, mixed and
intervention of the Midwives
6. Monitoring By monitoring Continuous fetal
7. Cesarean section in labor (cesarean delivery of emergency)
8. Planned cesarean section
9. Obstetrical maneuvers:
 Dystocia shoulders: maneuver of Mac Roberts, maneuver of
WOODREVERSE, maneuver of JACQUEMIER, maneuver of Gaskin,
maneuver of COUDER, maneuver of WOOD or RUBIN, maneuver of
LETELLIER;
 Delivery by headquarters: Method of VERMELIN, maneuver of
BRACHT, maneuver of MAURICEAU, maneuver of LOVSET, maneuver
of SUZOR, maneuver of KRISTELLAR, maneuver of MAURICEAU-
SMELLIE-VEIT, maneuver of DEMELIN.
MID236 : Community Practicum
 Community internship: 6 credits (90 hours); P

MID237: Medical English/French medical - ICT 2

 Medical English/French medical 2: 1.5 credits (22.5 hours); L, T,P, SPW

1. Semiology of the genital apparatus English/French

2. Physiology of the Pregnancy - Prenatal Consultation
3. Signs and symptoms of common pathologies in gynecology and obstetrics
4. Medical history and an assessment of needs: Dialog - Conversation
5. Drafting of reports (transmission, custody, activity)

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 6. Specific instruments used in gynecology and obstetrics
 Technique of the information and of the communication 2: 1.5 credits (22.5
hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name
to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)

MID241 : Gynecology - Obstetrical Care

 Gynecology : 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. The organs of the female genital tract: vulva, clitoris, large lips, small lips,
vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, glands of Skene, a gland of
Bartholin…
2. Physiology of the genital tract of the woman: Crisis neonatal genital,
childhood not reached puberty, normal menstrual cycle, puberty, adult
woman, menopause,
3. Consultation in Gynecology : Interrogatoireet general clinical examination
4. Gynecological examination itself
5. The complementary examinations: VIA/VILI (screening of cervical cancer)
–Échography Coelioscopy- smear cervico-vaginal - Colposcopy -
Hysterosalpingography - Scanner - Magnetic Resonance Imaging -
Hysteroscopy - hormonal assays.
 Obstetrical care: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Nursing care in the admission of the Nursing mother

2. Physiology of the work
3. Induction of Labor
4. Phases of the labor and delivery
5. Assessment of the status of the mother and the Fetus
6. The different stages of the work
7. Nursing care during labor
8. The role of the Midwife during work: use of the partogramme
9. Complications of labor and delivery

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 10. Organization of a spontaneous birth: practice of the GAPHA
11. Practice of the PTME during childbirth and the postpartum period
12. Home of the new-born and immediate care: Apgar score, resuscitation;
care of the cord and eyes, measurements, injection of vitamin K
13. Physical examination and neurological of the new-born in the search of
the Anomalies
14. Mother-child relationship
15. Diagnosis and support for the hemorrhage of the immediate pospartum:
taking of vital parameters, uterine revision, bimanual compression of the
uterus, compression of the aorta, artificial issuance, repair of tears in the
maternal genital tract, use of utérotoniques
16. Supported the shock
17. Strategy for the prevention of posPHartum hemorrhage
18. The role of the Midwife/Maieutician in operating block: physical
preparation, psychological, home of the new-born, resuscitation
19. Suites of layers normal and pathological
20. Follow-up to the post-partum: CPON, vaccination, PF

MID242: Pediatrics/neonatology/pathologies new-born –

gynecologicalPathologies

 Pediatrics/neonatology/pathologies new-born: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Respiratory distress of the new-born o score of Silverman
2. Clinical Review of the new-born
3. Monitoring of the growth of the new-born
4. Neonatal Resuscitation
5. Follow-up of the new-born in the course of his stay in the Maternity
6. New-born of small Weight: premature and hypotroph
7. Supply of the mother and the Newborn
8. Support for new-born of HIV-positive mother to HIV and viral hepatitis -
neonatal jaundice
9. Neonatal tetanus (reminder)
10. Haematological diseases of the Newborn
11. Neonatal infections
12. Neonatal asphyxia - neonatal seizures
13. Hemorrhage cranial intra
14. Congenital Malformations: Congenital Heart Defects Cyanogen unto -
cyanogenic non
15. Malformations of the uro-genital
16. Abnormalities of the nervous system: hydrocephalus - microcephaly,
 Spina bifida… malformations of the musculoskeletal system:
Omphalocelecephalhematome …

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 17. Malformation of the respiratory system
18. Malformation of the digestive system:
 Stenosis of the Esophagus - congenital megacolon;
 Anal imperforate… - obstetrical trauma: bump sero blood--
Fractures - nerve lesions: elongation of the brachial plexus…
19. Surgical emergencies orthopaedic and of the new-born
20. Communication with the mother (advice on hygiene, the supply of the
new-born and the mother, the vaccination and follow-up visits in relation
to certain local customs)
21. Organization of the transfer and home of the new-born

 Gynecological pathologies: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Gynecological semiology: pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, bleeding
2. Disorders of the sexuality: vaginismus, dyspareunia, frigidity, libido
3. Disorders of the menstrual cycle: dysmenorrhea, irregularity of the cycle,
hypo or hyperménorrhée, oligo or Polymenorrhea, pollakiménorrhée,
spanioménorrhée, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, Metro-menorrhagia,
amenorrhea (primary, secondary)
4. Genital infections Low: bartholinite, vulvite, vaginitis
5. Genital infections High (inflammatory diseases) Pelvic
6. Congenital malformation of the genital apparatus
7. Genital prolapse
8. Dysplasia of the Cervix
9. Voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP)/ medical interruption of
pregnancy
10. Endometriosis - Fibroid tumors of the uterus -ovarian cysts
11. Pubertal disorders: early puberty, late puberty
12. The trauma of the genital tract: obstetric fistula
13. Infertility of pair.

MID243: Analgesic in obstetrics - Communication

 Analgesic in obstetrics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition and physiology of the pain of labor
2. Factors that influence the perception of pain
3. Mechanisms, routes of transmission and factors modulating the pain of the
work: Evolution of pain during the course of the stages of the work -
Integration of the nociceptive message
4. Impact maternal and fetal pain during the course of the work:
 Effects on the mother;
 Effects on the uterine activity and the conduct of the work
 Effects on the fetus.
5. Methods of obstetric analgesia: Epidural analgesia, association
rachianalgésieanalgésie epidural, block cervical para

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  Pharmacological bases and systemic therapeutic: the
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics of analgesia,
analgesics most used, their mode of action, monitoring of the
epidural analgesia during the work;
 Therapeutic bases non pharmacological: psychological
methods, psychoprophylactiques, physical methods,
stimulation of circuits of inhibition, and the methods
«obstetrical".
 Communication: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Reminder on the generalities of the communication
2. Verbal communication and non-verbal communication
3. Different media in communication
4. Principles of effective communication
5. Main techniques of interpersonal influence
6. Intervention in a crisis situation, ethical dilemmas
7. Axioms of the communication - typology of the communication
8. Forms of interpersonal communication
9. Definition and general information on the technique of the listening
10. Framework of the REDI (report building, exploration, decisionmaking and
implementing the decision) - A Few tracks facilitating the animation of a
group.
MID244 : PTME - AIDS/IST
 PTME: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction on HIV and AIDS
2. Comprehensive approach to the reduction of HIV infection in the mother,
the infant and the child
3. Specific interventions for the prevention of the transmission of HIV from
mother to child: (antenatal care: option B+, counselling, pre-test and post-
test and put the mother under treatment, hygiene of life and food)
4. Specific actions for the prevention of HIV during labor and childbirth
5. Specific actions for the prevention of HIV in the posPHartum period - care
post-natal of infants exposed to HIV
6. Infant feeding in the context of HIV infection
7. Reference and cross-reference in the PTME
8. Prevention and Treatment of opportunistic infections
9. Psychosocial support community and
10. Stigma and discrimination in relation with the PTME
11. Security and supportive care in the workplace
12. Role of Service Providers

 Aids/IST: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Introduction on HIV and AIDS

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 2. Comprehensive approach to the reduction of HIV infection in the mother,
the infant and the child
3. Specific interventions for the prevention of the transmission of HIV from
mother to child: (antenatal care: option B+, counselling, pre-test and post-
test and put the mother under treatment, hygiene of life and food)
4. Specific actions for the prevention of HIV during labor and childbirth
5. Specific actions for the prevention of HIV in the pospartum period
6. Post-natal care of infants exposed to HIV
7. Infant feeding in the context of HIV infection
8. Reference and cross-reference in the PTME
9. Prevention and Treatment of opportunistic infections
10. Psychosocial support community and
11. Stigma and discrimination in relation with the PTME
12. Security and supportive care in the workplace
13. Role of Service Providers
MID245: Obstetric pathologies
 Obstetric pathologies: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. The complications of childbirth:

 Tears vulvopérinéales;
 Tears of the vagina;
 Tears of the COL;
 Uterine ruptures;
 Accidents traumatic urinary during childbirth;
 Amniotic fluid embolism.
2. Complications of the issuance:
 Placental retention;
 Hemorrhages of the issuance;
 Placenta acreta/increta/percreta;
 Uterine inversion.
3. Complications of suites of layers:
 Puerperal infections: endometritis, thrombophlebitis
- Puerperal psychosis;
 Breast complications and anomalies of the breast-feeding.

MID246:Clinical Internship 2
 Activities: 6 credits (90 hours); P

1. Physiological changes of pregnancy: genital tract, respiratory system,

cardio-vascular system, gastrointestinal system, urinary system, skin,
skeletal system, metabolism, endocrine system.
2. Emotional changes and psychological: ambivalence, body image,
emotional instability.

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 3. Symptoms and signs of pregnancy
4. The pregnancy tests: biological and immunological
5. Prenatal consultations refocused(CPNR) - Purpose of the CPNR - Calendar
of CPNR - Assessment of risk factors - Review of the pregnant woman -
complications of pregnancy - detection and early treatment of diseases -
Assessment of fetal condition - Plan of preparation for childbirth -
Measures of prevention - Teaching of signs of danger - Prenatal Balance
Sheet
6. Items in the folder of the CPNR, education of the health of the Pregnant
Woman: needs and care of the pregnant woman (breast care, travel, rest
and physical exercises, alcohol, tobacco, drugs, medicines, nutrition,
immunization, hygiene of life, usual ailments, sexuality, family planning,
sanitation).
MID247: Family Planning, Initiation to research
 Family planning: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Brief reminder on the anatomy and physiology of the female genital organs and
the male
2. General information on contraceptive methods
3. Components of family planning
4. Eligibility Criteria
5. Counselling According to the method lulled/REDI
6. Balance sheet for the prescription of methods
7. The prevention of infections
8. Contraceptive Technologies: mode of action, advantages and disadvantages -
hormonal methods:
 Barrier methods (mechanical and chemical);
 Natural methods and surgical methods;
 Iuds
 Contraception in specific situations.
 Initiation to research: 1 credit (15hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. In Health Research
2. Sources of Knowledge
3. Methods of Reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports
9. Case practice: drafting of protocols of research

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Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review, formulating the
problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the questions
according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable hypothesis to
achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical
considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable project administration; Plans for
dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring instruments
(reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality control of
measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements; the issue of
missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of hypothesis.
Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

MID351: Anthropology - Reproductive health and sexual law - Toxicology

 Anthropology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Concept of anthropology and ethnology
2. The customs and cultural PWnomena
3. The innate unto the acquis unto myths and beliefs
4. Cultural attitudes to health, disease, death
 Reproductive health and sexual right: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition
2. Sexual and Reproductive Health
3. Convention on the Rights of the Child
4. The strategies laid down for the Reproductive Health:
 Medical objectives;
 The breeding system;
 Pregnancy and childbearing;
 Family planning;
 Hiv/aids;
 Abortion;
 Female circumcision and genital mutilation.
 Toxicology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition
2. Classification of Drugs
3. Tobacco, Alcohol: effect on the reproduction on the health and
pregnancy
MID352 : Anesthesia - Resuscitation - Infertility/Infertility
 Anesthesiology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Introduction to the anesthesia
2. Definition
3. History of the anesthesia
4. The Pain

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 5. Characteristic of Anesthetic drugs
6. Status of the patient before anesthesia
7. The 10 golden rules of anesthesia
 Preparation of the patient to the anesthesia and choice of
the anesthetic protocol
 Preparation of the anesthetic equipment;
 Position of the patient on the operating table and its
physiological implications;
 Stages of the anesthesia: premedication unto Induction unto
maintenance;
 Monitoring of the anesthetic alarm clock;
 A few techniques: local anesthesia regional and- general
anesthesia.
 Resuscitation: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in adults and the child (Neonatal)
2. The detection of signs of sudden cardiac arrest
3. Aid to the vital functions
4. Basic gestures of survival
 Infertility/Infertility: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Infertility
- Generality - Definition
- Examination for the Torque - in humans - among the woman -
Clinical examinations in man - in women - Complementary
examinations:
 Exploration of the ovulatory cycle;
 Hystérographie;
 Sperm analysis - Spermocytogramm;
 Hormonal exploration;
 Test post coïtal.
- Etiology of the infertility of couples in humans;
- Among women.
2. Infertility
- Definition;
- Causes;
- Treatments.

MID353: Association pregnancy and PEG pathology

 Association pregnancy and PEG pathology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, PW
1. Pregnancy and Parasitic Diseases
- Helminthiasis infections;
- Malaria; - Toxoplasmosis; - Etc.
2. Pregnancy and infectious diseases
- Syphilis unto TBC;

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 - Rubella;
- Aids - other infections.
3. Pregnancy and Heart Disease
- Congestive heart failure;
- Anemia.
4. Pregnancy and diabetes

MID354 : Gynecology and Gynecological pathologies

 Gynecology and gynecological pathologies: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
- Gynecological examinations
- Sexuality
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Salpingites
- Genital ulcers
- Aids/ist
- Contraception
- IVG
- Infertility in the Couple
- Agp
- Genital bleeding
In women
- Pelvic Ch
- Primary aménorrhées
- Secondary aménorrhées
- Menopause
- Prolapse/EU
- Pelvic swelling
- Fibroma
- Ovarian cyst
- Screening for cancers
- Benign pathologies of the neck of the uterus
- Cervical Cancer
- Cancer of the endometrium
- Cancer of the Ovary
- Benign pathology of the breast
- PEG of the victims of sexual abuse
MID355 : Emergencies Obstetric and Neonatal
 Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Supported the shock

2. Support for complications of pregnancy and childbirth
3. Support for the new-born
4. Care of the post partum

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MID356: Implementation maternity situation - Community Internship
 Implementation maternity situation: 6 credits (90 hours);P
- The Evaluation Internship at the service maternity.
 Community internship: 6 credits (90 hours); P
- Adopt a systematic vision of the work in community health, and in
particular a multidisciplinary vision and centered on the population;
- Acquire the necessary know-how to the realization and the
evaluation of health interventions community;
- The course of learning in the community will be carried out in
combination with the realization of the memory.
MID357: Civics and ethics - Official Language
 Civic education and ethics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Presentation of concepts:
- The citizen - the nation - the State,
- Public property unto collective property,
- The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Problem of ethics,
- Ethics, Law and reason;
- Management and ethics of responsibility;
- Ethics and management;
- Civics
- Deontology
- Moral consciousness
- The universal declaration of Human Rights
- Good governance in public services
- The importance of civics to the life of the nation
- Functions of the state and its citizens
- Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
- Relationship between morality, law and ethics
- Codes of ethics

 Bilingual Training: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- How to write a test results;
- How to describe the various collection of sample.
- The pathologies by systems
▪ Urinary system;
▪ Cardiovascular System;
▪ Digestive system;
▪ Endocrine system;
- The dispensing of drugs

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MID361: Gerontology/geriatrics + IEC 3 - Administrative Writing
Psychiatry/Psychopathology
 Gerontology/psychiatry: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Psycho-social dimension of the geriatric patient
2. Geriatrics
 The types of aging;
 Aging of devices;
 The immune system;
 Nutritional problems of older persons;
 National Health Strategy in the field of policy of the elderly.
 Administrative writing: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. The letter
2. The waybill
3. The Account-rendering - the report
4. The Administrative Note - The Telegram
5. The periodic parts unto the Member Ŕsituation unto Questionnaire 6. The
various administrative printed
 Psychiatry/psychopathology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Worries and recklessness
2. Models of abnormal behavior
3. Influence of the growth and development
4. Sociocultural practices and interpretation of mental health
5. Care of Persons of extinct mental pathologies
6. National Classification international and mental disorders
7. Specific behaviors
8. Behavioral Management
9. Role of the Nurse
10. Legal coverage and preventive aspects of mental health

MID362: Medical Imaging - Quality Assurance - Entrepreneurship

 Medical Imaging: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Basic notions on the Radiation

2. Current Reviews and preparation of patients for a diagnostic radiology
3. Transit ulcer, barium enema, urography unto cholecystography,
arteriography, scannographie
4. For a diagnosis by ultrasound
5. For a diagnosis by nuclear magnetic resonance (MR)
6. For a diagnosis by radioactive iodine
7. Radiation protection for personnel and patients
 Quality assurance: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Standardized definition - What is the quality
2. The Quality Assurance - Why a quality system

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 3. Followed by a quality system? See a Total Quality
4. The certifications and standards, the purpose of a quality system
5. The cost of the quality approach unto Conclusion

 Entrepreneurship: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definitions and theoretical aspects of entrepreneurship
2. Start a Business
3. The keys to success in entrepreneurship
4. Business Plan (Business Plan)
5. Formalities of creation of a company in Cameroon.

MID363: The Economics of Health - Drafting of memory

 The economics of health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
- Basic concepts in health economics: supply, demand, the financing of the
Health;
- Concept of the market in health: the supply of health care; request of care;
financing of care.
- The funding in health: social protection, pooling of the financing of the Health;
- Health Financing in Cameroon : Community funding (CNPS, mutual health
and system put in place by the state for public servants); non-Community
funding (budget of the ministries concerned, public health and other…);
bilateral and multilateral cooperation (NGOS, other donors, …)
- The health planning;
- Health system and their assessment: effectiveness, efficiency, cost,
effectiveness/efficiency, cost / efficiency.

 Drafting of Memory: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

It depends on the theme of work of the learner; it must be drafted in accordance with
the following plan:
• Executive Summary;
• Introduction: 2 pages maximum. The introduction, it is spring loaded
to the problematic:
- The question of research,
- It sets the assumptions;
- It sets the general objective;
- It sets out the specific objectives and sets out the plan;
• Chapter I, II: a review of the literature (literature review);
• Chapter II, III: The methodology;
• Chapter III, IV: Presentation of the results and discussion;
• Conclusion and Recommendations;
• Bibliography.

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MID364 : IMCI
 IMCI : 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Evaluate and classify the sick child aged 2 months to 5 Years

 Evaluate and classify the sick child
 When a child is brought to the Health Center
 The general signs of danger
 The cough and breathing difficulties
 Diarrhea - Fever - the affection of the Ear
 Malnutrition and anemia - immunization status - Other Problem
2. Evaluate and classify the infant patient age from 1 week to 2 months
 View the whole of the assessment and the classification
 Assess and classify the sick infant
3. Determine the Treatment
 Order of priority of the Treatments
 Determine the pre-treatment urgent transfer
 Determine the treatment of patients who do not need to be taken to
hospital for emergency care
 Treat the child or infant sick
 Overview of the different types of treatments
 The emergency hospitalization
 Appropriate medicines to be administered by the oral route
 Treatment of infections Local
 Treatment of diarrhea -vaccinations
4. Communicate and advisor
 To know how to communicate
 Teach to administer a drug by oral route at home
 Teach to treat local infections at home
 Advise the mother in case of problems of breastfeeding
 Advise the mother about the supply of her child
 Indicate to the mother when it is necessary to bring the child back to
the health center and how it must protect its own health
5. Ensure follow-up care
 The care of follow-up given to the sick child
 Follow-up care given to the infant ill.

MID365: Follow-up to the work and obstetrical maneuver

 Follow-up to the work and obstetrical maneuver: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Dystocia shoulders
2. Maneuver of MAC ROBERT
3. Maneuver of WOOD REVERSE
4. Maneuver of JACQUEMIER
5. Maneuver of GASKIN
6. Maneuver of COUDER

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 7. Maneuver of LETELLIER
8. The historical maneuvers: Ribemont Dessaignes - Zaratte- Zavanelle
9. Presentation of the seat
 Method of VERMELIN;
 Maneuver of BRACHT: Indication - technique;
 Maneuver of MAURICEAU: Indication - technique;
 Maneuver of LOVSET: Indication - technique;
 Other maneuvers: maneuver of Suzor - KRISTELLAR (MAURICEAU-
SMELLIE-VEIT) - DEMELIN.

MID366: Internship (MSP maternity) - Internship (MSP pediatrics)

 MSP Maternity: 5 credits (75 hours); P, SPW
 MSP Pediatrics: 5 credits (75 hours); P, SPW

MID367: Professional Ethics and Deontology - ICT

 Medical English/medical French: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those values
and obligations which practice in the profession.

Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of the
patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes, patient
reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical jurisprudence, lab
practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties, organization of
Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.
Health care Ethics
 Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
 Bioethics
 MLS Ethics
 Moral Development
 Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
 Code of Ethics health workers.
 Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights
of The Elderly, Patients Rights
 Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
 Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
 Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia

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  Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
 Code of ethics.
 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law
Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

 Information and Communication Technologies: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Initiation to a database management software
2. Numbering System
3. Initiation to PowerPoint
4. The Internet

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Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty:
OPTICIAN / CLINICAL OPTOMETRY

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Optician / Clinical Optometry

1. Objective of the training

The HND specialty Optician aims to train professionals to combat the low vision and
avoidable blindness. These professionals are responsible for correcting visual defects
with glasses and administering emergency eye care.

2. ResearchSkills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible and reflective;
- Have gestural skills and interpersonal skills;
- Recognize your emotions and use them with the necessary professional
skills;
- Have proven trust and confidence;
- Have critical ability and questioning;
- Develop an ethical and a professional normal;
- make thoughtful decisions;
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the well-defined fields of its
function;
- Master the management (financial, stock, human resources), marketing
and standards opposite the regulations in force for the best monitoring of
activities in law firms;
- Being able to communicate easily both in writing and orally;
- Master the computer tool and ICT.

 Specific skills
The control of refraction (visual examination)
- Adapt the prescription and establish the formula of the optical
equipment;
- Propose and evaluate solutions (in terms of compensation protection Ŕ
performance ...);
- Perform visual examination and low vision tests;
- Find an anomaly and refer to another health professional;
- Communicate, ensure and develop relations with health professionals.
Sales Technician - Marketing
- Welcome, inquire about needs and provide information;
- Prepare the sale;
- Analyze the morphology, the posture, the face of the client;

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 - Analyze the visual needs of the client (prescription use customer's
wishes);
- carry out the preliminary tests, put in condition of use and take the
measurements (spectacles, specific equipments);
- Design the equipment (glasses, specific equipment);
- Propose and choose the equipment (glasses, specific equipment);
- Write the execution sheet;
- Perform the preliminary tests, put in condition of use and take the
measures (low vision, contact lenses);
- Propose, advise and sell optical instruments (visual aids, microscopes,
binoculars,telescopes, terrestrial and astronomical spectacles);
- Propose, advise and sell accessories and optics maintenance products.
Equipment mounting technique
- Knowledge of workshop equipment;
- Composition and characteristics of the grinding wheels;
- Characteristics of the different types of grinding wheels (hand grinding
wheels, creasing machines, grinding machines, automatic grinding
wheels);
- The different programs for cutting glasses;
- Food ;
- Water circuit ;
- Waste disposal ;
- Precautions for use;
- Routine maintenance and consumables.
Centering and focusing glasses
- Centering mode (manual-pointing engraving Ŕ automatic;
- References according to glasses;
- References according to the measurements;
- Transcription of measures;
- Fixing the glass;
- Choice of the adapted support.
Drilling - notching
- Different types of drills;
- Position of the holes notching;
- Fixing systems.
Assembly of glasses
- Preliminary checks;
- Axing, horizontality of the glasses;
- Condition of the frame (meniscage);
- Choice of material adapted (to the type of frame and the type of
glasses).

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 Rebuilding
- Following a protocol adapted to the frame and glasses;
- According to the recommendations requested (pre-adjustment);
- Prepare the equipment for delivery.
Repair, Maintenance
- Metal frames;
- Plastic frames;
- Ice frames (Nylon, breakthrough).

3. Opportunities
- Public function;
- Hospitals and private clinics;
- NGOs (Non Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- Occupational Medicine ;
- Research and training

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Specialty: OPTICIAN / CLINICAL
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences
OPTOMETRY
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
OPT111 Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye I 54 18 13 5 90 6
OPT112 Mathematics-physical-chemistry 30 10 0 5 45 3
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
General knowledge on the
OPT113 45 15 10 5 75 5
profession, Care Primary Ocular
OPT114 Geometrical optics and Physics I 30 10 0 5 45 3
Optometry the theoretical and the
OPT115 30 13 13 4 60 4
practical
Internship of impregnation in a
OPT116 2 weeks 90 6
cabinet of optics
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
OPT117 Bilingual Training 28 8 5 5 45 3
Total 218 72 135 25 450 30

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Semester 2
Specialty: OPTICIAN / CLINICAL
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences
OPTOMETRY
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
OPT121 Physics II and Chemistry II 40 10 6 4 60 4
OPT122 Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye II 45 15 9 6 75 5
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
OPT123 General Optical and geometric II 30 9 3 3 45 3
OPT124 Study of the optical systems 40 10 6 4 60 4
OPT125 Knowledge of teachingmaterials 48 15 7 5 75 5
OPT126 Internshipadvancedacademic 2 weeks 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
OPT127 First Aid and Eye care of emergency 30 9 3 35 45 3
Total 233 68 124 25 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:OPTICIAN /CLINICALOPTOMETRY
Hourly Volume Number
Code courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 Courses) 9 credits 135 hours
OPT231 Eye Care Primary 36 12 8 4 60 4
Consultation and Review of
OPT232 45 15 9 6 75 5
objective view
Professional Courses 60% (4 Courses) 18 credits 270 hours
OPT233 Review of subjective view I 45 15 9 6 75 5
OPT234 Hygiene and Public Health 18 6 4 2 30 2
OPT235 Review of subjective view II 35 20 15 5 75 5
Practice of consultation of mass
OPT236 2 weeks 90 6
(school-village)
Transversals Courses 10% (1 Courses) 3 credits 45 hours
Education on ethics, citizenship, and
OPT237 30 9 3 3 45 3
ICTS
Total 219 72 132 27 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:OPTICIAN / CLINICAL OPTOMETRY
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Eye Care developed, Review of
OPT241 50 19 12 9 90 6
subjective view III
OPT242 Mathematics-physical-chemistry 30 7 2 6 45 3
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
OPT243 -Optical contact, objective Refraction 45 15 9 6 75 5
OPT244 Low Vision 18 6 4 2 30 2
OPT245 Reviewadvanced subjective 27 15 30 3 75 5
OPT246 Professional practice 2 weeks 90 6
Transversals Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Introduction to Research and
OPT247 30 9 3 3 45 3
Biostatistics
Total 200 71 150 29 450 30
Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences SPECIALTY:OPTICIAN /CLINICAL OPTOMETRY

Hourly Volume Number

Code Courses titles
of credits
L T P SPW Total
Fundamental Courses30% (2 Courses) 9 credits 135 hours
Economy and Management of
OPT351 50 12 10 3 75 5
company I
Economics and BuNUSess
OPT352 45 8 4 3 60 4
Management II
Professional Courses 60% (4 Courses) 18 credits 270 hours
Research and presentation of the
OPT353 28 2 30 2
Protocol
Follow-up of the research and field
OPT354 2 weeks 75 5
work I
Follow-up of the research and field
OPT355 2 weeks 75 5
work II
OPT356 AcademicInternship 2 weeks 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 Course) 3 credits 45 hours
Teaching of Languages and
OPT357 26 3 10 6 45 3
acquisition of competence in ICT
Total 121 51 264 14 450 30

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Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: OPTICIAN/ Clinical OPTOMETRY

Hourly Volume Number

Code Courses titles
of credits
L T P SPW Total
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 Courses) 9 credits 135 hours
Research and presentation of the
OPT361 28 2 30 2
Protocol
OPT362 Research To define 105
Professional Courses 60% (4 Courses) 18 credits 270 hours
OPT363 Professional internship I 2 weeks 75 5
OPT364 Professional internship II 2 weeks 75 5
OPT365 Professional internship III 2 weeks 75 5
OPT366 Project Defense To define 45 3
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 Course) 3 credits 45 hours

OPT367 Professional Ethics and Deontology 30 9 3 3 45 3

Total 30 37 378 5 450 30

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5. Courses content
OPT111: Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye I
 Anatomy and Physiology of the eye: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. General Biology
2. Microbiology
3. Anatomy
4. Physiology I
5. Physiology II
6. Anatomy
7. Mathematics
8. Physical
9. Chemistry

OPT112: Mathematics - Physics I - Chemistry

 Mathematics: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Physics I: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
OPT113: General knowledge on the profession-Eye Care Primary
 General knowledge of the profession: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• History of the profession
 Eye care: primary 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• Pathology of the eye
OPT114: Geometrical Optics and Physics II
 Geometricaloptics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• General Optical
 Physics II: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• GeometricI
OPT115: Optometry the theoretical and the practical
 Optometry theoretical and practice: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• Optometry I (general and theoretical)
• Optometry II: practice

OPT116: Internship of impregnation in a cabinet of optics

 Internship of impregnation in a cabinet of optical: 6 credits (90
hours); L, T, P,SPW
 Immersion internship I (impregnation)

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OPT117: Bilingual training I and ICT I
 French expression: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Form of words in French

 Prefix, radical;
 Root, suffix.
2. Explanation of words and group of words
3. Morphosyntax and rhetoric

 Components and structure of the sentence:

- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Sentence composed.
 Figures of style:
- Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.
4. Administrative correspondence and professional
• The different parts of a administrative
correspondence and the administrative style
• Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).
5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance
• Application for employment;
• CV;
• Letter of motivation.
6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
- French composition: Reminder methodological and
implementation;
- Contraction of text: methodological reminder and
application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
• Identification of the factors in the situation of
communication (transmitter, receiver, code, channel,
message, context);
• Situation of communication and verbal interactions;

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 • Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic,
proxémiques, MIMO-gestural, etc.;
• Identification and handling of figures of expression
and thought metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.).

 Techniques of Information and Communication 1: 1 credit (15

hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Concepts and architecture of computers

2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program,
software, drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the
information and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

OPT121: Physical III and Chemistry II

 Physics III: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

 Chemistry II: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

OPT122: Anatomy and physiology of the Eye II

 Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye II: 5 credit (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Anatomy and Physiology II (eye)

OPT123:General Optical and geometric II

 General Optical and geometric: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

OPT124: Study of optical systems

 Study of optical systems: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Physiological Optical
OPT125: Knowledge of teaching materials
 Knowledge of teaching materials: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Instrumentation and Measurement I
2. Study, realization, maintenance of equipment

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OPT126 : Internship advanced academic
 Academic Internship advanced: 6 credits (90 hours) ; L, T, P, SPW

OPT127 First Aid and Eye care of emergency

 First Aid and Eye care of emergency: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
First Aid and care
OPT231: Eye Care Primary
 Eye care: primary 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. General pharmacology
2. Ocularpharmacology

OPT232: Consultation and Review of objective view

 Consultation and Review of view Objective: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T,
P, PW
 Pathology of the eye and correction II
OPT233:Examination of view subjectif I
 Review of subjective view I: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Methodology of optometry I
OPT234: Hygiene and Public Health
 Hygiene and public health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Initiation to public health
OPT235: Examination of subjective view II
 Review of subjective view II: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Methods of optometry II
OPT236: Practice of consultation of mass (school-village)
 Practice of consultation of mass (school-village): 6 credits (90
hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Internship of Community Health I
OPT237: Civic Education and ethics- ICT II
 Civic Education and Ethics: 1 credit (15 hours); L, SPW
The Concepts
o The citizen - the nation - the State,
o Public property unto collective property,
o The freedoms;
o The public service;
o Problem of ethics,

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 o Ethics, Law and reason;
o Management and ethics of responsibility;
o Ethics and management;
o Civics
o Deontology
o Moral consciousness
o The universal declaration of Human Rights
o Good governance in public services
o The importance of civics to the life of the nation
o Functions of the state and its citizens
o Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
o Relationship between morality, law and ethics
o Codes of ethics

 Technique of the information and of the communication 2: 2 credits (30

hours);L, T, P, SPW

1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a

name to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce,
frequency) and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and
NB.If.ENS, Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis

OPT241:Eye care developed, Review of subjective view III

 Eye Care advanced: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• Pathology of the eye
• General hygiene and clinic
• Quality assurance
 Review of subjective view III: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

OPT242 :Mathematics II - Physical IV – Chemistry II

 Mathematics II: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Physical IV: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Chemistry II: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
OPT24:Optical Contact, Objective Refraction
 Optical contact, refraction Objective: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Method of optometry III (contactology)
OPT244: Low Vision
Objectives
1- Review of a View
• Carry out a review of view to a subject of 08years and more
• Achieve a ophthalmoscopy of basis
• Achieve a refraction and prescribe corrective lenses
• Achieve a skiascopie
• Refer the patient
2- Eye Care Primary
• Acquire the specific knowledge of certain diseases of the eye and
Annex (pathology)
• Acquire the concepts of Eye Care Primary (SOP)
• Be able to run programs for the screening of refractive errors
• To be able to refer a patient
3- Workshop mounting
• Check the characteristics of the lenses to fit
• Master the use of instruments and ophthalmic optics
• Carry out the assembly of the optical equipment or low vision
• Check the equipment Optical Vision or low vision

 Initiation to research: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

 Initiation to the research methodology
OPT245:Examination advanced subjective
 Subjective review advanced: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Method of optometry IV
OPT246 :Professional Practice
 Professional practice: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, P, SPW

OPT247: Introduction to Research and Biostatistics

 Introduction to Research

Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:

 Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and be able

to apply them
  Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and approaches in
qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
 Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through the use
of valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
 Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the research
questions.
 Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
 Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for these in
selection of study design.
 Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate choice and
application of statistical testing to assess this.
 Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or group
research.
Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research: Purposiveness,
Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision, generalizability, objectivity);
Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories, deductive & inductive
reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions Elements of the Scientific
Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question, Hypotheses, Experiments,
Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and applied,
Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research, Conceptual
vs Empirical Research, Etc.

 Biostatistics I
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical information.

Content:
1. Introduction
2. Basic concepts in biostatistics
3. Sampling techniques and data collection
4. Variables (Qualitative and Quantitative)
5. Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
6. Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median, standard
deviations and standard errors.
  Biostatistics II
Content
1. The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
2. Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution, Chi
squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
3. Errors in statistics
OPT351:Economy and Management of company I
 Economy and Management of company I: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Economics and management of the Cabinet of optician I
o Sale
 Welcomecustomers
 Read and interpret an order
 Propose an equipment adapted to the morphology and
the needs of the customer
 Perform a measurement socket (PDM)
 Establish a quote respecting the regulation
 Sell, Deliver and provide the advice of use and
maintenance of the equipment delivered or purchased.
o The management
 Create a cabinet of optics and a unit of refraction
 Ensure effective financial management
 Ensure the management of stocks
 Ensure the Management of Human Resources
 Write a report of activity
o Maintenance of equipment
 Diagnose and ensure the maintenance of base and the
distribution of technical equipment: the refer to
specialists.

OPT352:Economics and Business Management II

 Economics and Business Management II: 4 credit (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Economics and management of the Cabinet of optician II
o Communication
 To be able to communicate with its partners (customers,
suppliers, banks, administration) in French and in English.
 Control of the ethics, ethics and the law relating to the
profession
 Mastery of the NICT
  Research and writing of the activity reports, coaching
internships and the follow-up of drafting of memories
(Initiation to research, drafting of protocols)

OPT353: Research and presentation of the PROTOCOL I

 Research and presentation of the Protocol: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Drafting of the research protocol and presentation
OPT354: Follow-up to the research and field work I
 Follow-up of the research and field work I: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Collection of data
OPT355:Follow-up of the research and field work II
 Follow-up of the research and field work II: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Collection of data
OPT356:Academic Internship
 Academic Internship: 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 InternshipCommunityHealth II
OPT357:Teaching of languages and acquisition of competence in ICT
 ICT III: 1 credits (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1.Definition of the concepts of the computer network

2. Presentation of the types of media and networks
3. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
 French -English related to the profession: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language and thus
enhance patient relationship as needed.

Content:
1. Grammar
2. Different parts of the human body
3. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
4. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
5. Drafting of reports
6. Documentation research
7. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
8. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
 9. Drafting of researchtopics
-Dissertation on the professional articles
Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
-Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
-Hospitals
-The Hardware
-The staff
-The Role
-The pathologies
-The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs

OPT361:Research and presentation of Protocol II

 Research and presentation of the Protocol II: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Drafting of the Research Protocol II and presentation

OPT362:Research
 Research : 7 credit (105 hours) ; L, T, P, SPW
 Drafting the Memorandum

OPT363: Professional Internship I

 Professional internship I: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Implementation professional situation I
OPT364:Professional Internship II
 Professional Internship II: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Implementation professional situation II
OPT365:Professional Internship III
 Professional Internship III: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Implementation professional situation III

OPT366: Project Defense

 Thesis Defense : 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
 Thesis defense of the brief
OPT367: Legislation, Professional Conduct and Deontology
 Legislation, professional ethics and ethics: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
• Right linked to the profession
• Professional code of conduct and ethic
Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those
values and obligations which practice in the profession.
Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of
the patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes,
patient reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical
jurisprudence, lab practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties,
organization of Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.
Health care Ethics
1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics
3. MLS Ethics
4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence,
Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of
The Elderly, Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
1. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
2. Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional secrecy,
Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
3. Code of ethics.

 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners

 MLS and the law

Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights

Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
  Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination of
labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

Rappel

Description of Units of Teaching

Stains grouping the various units of teaching

1- Review of View (optometry)

2- Eye Care Primary (anatomy and physiology of the eye, physics,
mathematics, chemistry, general biology, pharmacology, optical
contact)
3- Fitting Workshop (Study, realization of equipment)
4- Sale (Communication and Marketing : supplies of equipment)
5- Management (economics and buNUSess management)
6- Maintenance of equipment (instrumentation and measurement)
7- Communication (teaching of languages and ICT)
8- Research and drafting of reports of internships, protocols and memory
(introduction or initiation to research)
Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
PHYSIOTHERAPY

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Physiotherapy

1. The objective of the training

The objective of the training is to give the student knowledge to ensure the
rehabilitation of people suffering from physical paralysis, respiratory problems or
rheumatism and trauma.

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills

- Be responsible, reflexive and relational ;

- Have adequate gestures and capacities;
- Develop adequate interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to be able to
interact effectively with their patients, entourage and the health team
- Should be trustworthy and reliable;
- Have the capacity for critical thinking, analysis and questioning;
- Develop ethical values of a normal professional;
- Make thoughtful and informed decisions;
- Be able to act with autonomy and responsibility in his area
ofcompetence.
- Master the computer tool and ICT

 Specific skills

- Perform manual or instrumental actions of rehabilitation, which aim to

prevent the alteration of functional abilities, to contribute to their
maintenance and, when they are altered, to restore or to supplement;
- Adapt to the evolution of science and technology;
- Know the laws of mechanics applicable to the human being;
- Master health policy and evolution as well as the issues of the sectoral
health strategy in Cameroon and health legislation;
- Perform physiotherapy techniques,taking into account the
psychological, social, economic and cultural characteristics of each
patient's personality;
- Communicate to other health team any information likely to be useful
for the establishment of the medical diagnosis or the adaptation of the
treatment according to the state of health of the person and its
evolution;
- Be able to perform sport related physiotherapy techniques.

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3. Opportunities

- Public function;
- Hospitals and private clinics;
- NGO (Non Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- Sport and physical education;
- Occupational Medicine.

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: PHYSIOTHERAPY
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Cell Biology - Histology - Anatomy
PHY111 75 20 / 10 105 7
Physiology I
Neurophysiology - Physiology - General
PHY112 20 5 / 5 30 2
Chemistry
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Psychology - Sociology - general
PHY113 anthropology - History of the 30 24 / 6 60 4
Physiotherapy
General methodology of the
PHY114 35 25 / 15 75 5
physiotherapy and rehabilitation I
Infectious and parasitic diseases (including
PHY115 55 15 / 5 75 5
zoonoses)
Motor activities and adaptation including
the
PHY116 40 15 / 5 60 4
Psychomotricity - Ethics and Professional
Deontology
Transversals Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHY117 Bilingual training - NICT I 25 5 10 5 45 3
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: PHYSIOTHERAPY
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PHY121 Biomechanics - anatomy physiology II 60 20 5 5 90 6
General pharmacology and clinical
PHY122 30 10 / 5 45 3
pharmacology
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PHY123 Law related to the profession 20 5 / 5 30 2
Epidemiology - Bio statistics - Health and
PHY124 70 20 / 5 105 7
Development
PHY125 Nursing care and first aid 20 5 16 4 45 3
PHY126 Clinical Internship I / / 60 / 60 4
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHY127 Civic Education and Ethics 30 10 / 5 45 3
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: PHYSIOTHERAPY
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Anatomy physiology III - Chemistry
PHY231 60 20 / 10 90 6
physiology
PHY232 Mineral chemistry - Organic Chemistry 30 10 / 5 45 3
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PHY233 Psychology applied to physiotherapy 20 8 / 2 30 2
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
PHY234 Methodology II - Elements of didactics and 60 20 / 9 90 6
methodology of motor activities
Special pathologies and specific
PHY235 40 15 / 5 60 4
physiotherapy I - IEC 2
PHY236 Clinical Internship II / / 60 30 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHY237 Medical English/medical French 2- ICT II 30 10 / 5 45 3
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: PHYSIOTHERAPY
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
General Economy - Hospital management
PHY241 70 15 / 5 90 6
- Initiation to research
PHY242 Priority Healthprograms 36 4 / 5 45 3
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PHY243 Special methodology of physiotherapy I 30 10 0 5 45 3
Special pathologies and specific
PHY244 40 / 25 10 75 5
Physiotherapy II
PHY245 Special pharmacology of Physio II 40 10 / 10 60 4
PHY246 Community internship I / 0 70 20 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PHY247 Medical Law 30 10 / 5 45 3
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: PHYSIOTHERAPY
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Neurophysiology - Human and Special
PHY351 Metabolic I 55 5 20 10 90 6
- Health Economics
Human Neurophysiology, the physiology
PHY352 25 5 10 5 45 3
of movements
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PHY353 Special methodology of physiotherapy 20 0 20 5 45 3
PHY354 Special gynecological Pathology 30 0 10 5 45 3
PHY355 Community Internship 2 / / 70 20 90 6
PHY356 Clinical Internship 3 / / 70 20 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Information and Communication
PHY357 30 10 / 5 45 3
Technology 3
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

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Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: PHYSIOTHERAPY
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PHY361 Professional project 55 10 / 10 75 5
PHY362 IEC 3 - Health Promotion 30 10 / 20 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PHY363 Apparatus and prosthesis in physiotherapy 30 / 25 5 60 4
Professional situation related to special
PHY364 / / 55 5 60 4
pathologies I
Professional situation related to special
PHY365 / / 55 5 60 4
pathologies II
PHY366 Clinical Internship 4 / / 70 20 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Initiation to research,
PHY367 30 10 / 5 45 3
Medical functional French / English
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

PHY 111: Cell Biology - Histology - Anatomy Physiology I

 Cell Biology - Histology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Cell Biology and Histology

 The cell:
 Structure;
 Multiplication;
 Physiology;

 The tissue:
 Epithelial tissue;
 Connective tissue;
 Nervous tissue;
- Concept of genetics.

 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Nervous System
- Histology of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system: nervous
influx, transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse,
driving plate), arc reflex;
- Organization of the central nervous system and functional
localization: spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain,
meninges and CSF;
- System Device nervous, cranial nerves, plexus;
- Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System
- Endocrine pancreas;
- Thyroid: anatomy - Histology - physiology;
- Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
- Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology.
- System hypothalamo-pituitary;
- The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye : the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- Smell: Taste;
- Touch.
4. System Musculoskeletal
- Ceos;

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 - The osteites;
- The osteomyelitis.
5. Digestive System
- General topography;
- The peritoneum;
- Main categories of foods :
 Energy needs;
 Animal heat.
6. Urinary system
- Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the
ureters, the urethra and bladder;
- Excretory Role of the skin.

PHY 112: Neurophysiology - Physiology - General Chemistry

 Neurophysiology - Physiology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Cell homeostasis
2. Concept of electrophysiology
3. The action potential and mechanism of the nerve conduction
velocity
4. Study of contractile tissue, neuromuscular transmission
5. Mechanism of the facilitation and the inhibition in synaptic the
central nervous system
 General Chemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Mixture and pure body
2. The major processes of immediate analysis
3. Simple body unto the compound body
4. Constitution of the subject, atoms, molecules and ions

PHY 113: Psychology - Sociology - General anthropology - History

ofthe Physiotherapy
 Introduction to Psychology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Study behavior, custom, food habits, environment of the communities
2. Organization of the company: men in society (definition of the man,
the individual, society), analysis of the life of a people
3. Professional Conduct of an agent of Health (physiotherapy):
professional ethics, professional conscience
4. Approach of the lines in relation to the attitudes of the communities
5. Application of the psychology of health groups

 Sociology - Anthropology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Introduction to Sociology

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 2. Concept of anthropology and ethnology
3. Evolution of life and of man in its dimensions biological, psychological
and social assistance
4. Culture and cultural PWnomena
5. The innate, the acquis, myths and beliefs
6. Cultural attitudes to health, disease, death
7. Medical practices of yesterday, today alternatives and traditional
medicine
8. Notions of group; social groups (family, work group, institution)
9. Dynamics of small groups
10. Dynamics of conflict (leaders)
11. Communication and communication networks
 History of the Physiotherapy: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Physiotherapy in the 17th century
2. The physiotherapy and its evolution up to our days
3. The design of the physiotherapy in Asia, in Europe, in America
4. The physiotherapy, its evolution in Cameroon

PHY 114: General methodology of the Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation I

 General methodology of the physiotherapy and rehabilitation: 5 credits (75
hours); L, T, SPW
1. Humanist approach of the patient
2. Palpation and tactile perception
3. Elements of the clinical examination of the patient
4. Massage
5. Specific methodology of research in physiotherapy: Introduction to
Climate The 2D, 3D related to the human body. Different methods of
relaxation

PHY 115: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (including zoonoses)

 Infectious and parasitic diseases: 5 credits (75 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Parasitic diseases

- The helminthiases infections;

- Onchocerciasis;
- Malaria;
- Trypanosomiasis;
- The amoebic dysentery;
- The Gale;
- The bilarziosis.

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 2. Infectious Diseases
- The gonorrhea;
- Cholera;
- The cerebral meningitis-spinal;
- Measles;
- The tetanus;
- The trachoma;
- Tuberculosis;
- The yellow fever;
- Diphtheria;
- The concepts of food poisoning;
- Bacillary dysentery;
- The leprosy;
- Polio;
- The jaundice;
- Pneumonia;
- The kwashiorkor;
- Anemia;
- The rheumatism;
- Bronchitis and cough;
- The varicella;
- The malnutrition;
- Stomatitis;
- The otitis;
- The conjunctivitis;
- Cystitis;
- The communicable diseases (and compulsory declaration).

PHY 116: Motor activities and adaptation including the psychomotricity -

Ethics and Professional Deontology
 Motor activities and adaptation including the psychomotricity: 2 credits
(30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Fundamental gymnastics and soft gymnastics
2. Psychomotricity
3. Implementation Physical Condition
4. Swimming
5. Initiation to the basketball
6. Handling
 Ethics and Professional Deontology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Theoretical Bases of the ethics and the Ethics

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 2. Philosophical Foundations of medical ethics and care
3. Values, beliefs, cultures, religions, standards, deviances
4. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia,
confidentiality
5. The professional secrect
6. Ethics in the daily practice of care (case study from professional
experience)
7. Right to the man
8. The right of the Child (child abuse)
9. The right of elderly persons, the Sick
10. Accompaniments of dying (palliative care)
11. The ethics of medical research and care, case study
12. Code of deo of personal medico-sanitary

PHY 117: Bilingual training – ICTS I

 English and French expression: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Form of words in French
 Prefix, radical;
 Root, suffix.
4. Explanation of words and group of words
5. Morphosyntax and rhetoric
 Components and structure of the sentence:
- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Sentence composed.
 Figures of style:
- Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.
4. Administrative correspondence and professional
• The different parts of a administrative correspondence and
the administrative style
• Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).
5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance
• Application for employment;
• CV;
• Letter of motivation.

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 6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
- French composition: Reminder methodological and
implementation;
- Contraction of text: methodological reminder and
application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
• Identification of the factors in the situation of
communication (transmitter, receiver, code, channel,
message, context);
• Situation of communication and verbal interactions;
• Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic,
proxémiques, MIMO-gestural, etc.;
• Identification and handling of figures of expression and
thought metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.).

 Technique of the information and of the communication 1: 1 credit (15 hours);

L,T, SPW
1. Concepts and architecture of computers
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program,
software, drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the
information and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

PHY 121: Biomechanics - Anatomy Physiology II

 Biomechanical : 2 credit (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
- General information;
 Kinematic: ostéocinétique, arthrocinétique;
 Kinetic;
- Dynamic;
- Static, etc.
- The levers.

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  Anatomy Physiology II: 4 credit (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Anatomy and Physiology of the cardio-vascular system

- The heart: anatomy (configuration external and internal
structure, histology of the heart muscle). Physiology (automatism,
revolution, heart sounds, electrocardiogram).
2. The vessels
- Anatomy of the arteries and veins: their structure;
- Anatomy of the large and the small circulation;
- Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation
and capillary.
3. The blood
- Plasma and dissolved substance;
- Figurative Elements;
- Hematopoiesis, hemolysis, blood group;
- The coagulation;
- The transfusion;
- The reticuloendothelial system: Spleen, lymphatic, thymus.
4. Respiratory System
- Anatomy: upper airway (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea);
- Bronchi, lungs, pleura: anatomy and histology;
- Physiology of the respiratory health: mechanism for
regulating nervous and chemical PWnomena.
5. Digestive System
- General topography of the peritoneum;
- The main categories of food;
- Energy needs, animal heat;
- Mouth, salivary gland, pharynx, esophagus (Anatomy and
Physiology)
- Anatomy physiology of the stomach, duodenum, small
intestine, colon and rectum; - Liver: anatomy, liver and nutrition,
liver and blood, antiseptic function; - bile, exocrine pancreas.
PHY 122: General Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology
 General Pharmacology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. General information
2. Definition
3. Classification of Drugs According to: their pharmaceutical form,
their origin, pharmacodynamics
4. Routes of administration of drugs
5. Fate of the drug in the body

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 6. Mode and variation of action of drugs
 Clinical Pharmacology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Modifyer of growth and metabolism: Hormones, Vitamins,
the regulators or modifiers of the blood glucose and diuretics
2. The drugs of infectious diseases: antibiotics, sulphonamides,
antiseptics and antituberculosis drugs
3. Pest control the
4. The antifungal agents
5. Analgesics
6. The anti-inflammatory drugs
7. Corticosteroids

PHY 123: Law related to the profession

 Law related to the profession: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Company
2. Ethics and Law and Social Life
3. The concepts of health and education
4. Place the body in the moral and in law
5. The right and duties of the individual and of the Community (right of
patients, the rights of the person and the health care system)
6. Privatization and publicisation of Health
7. Respect for private life and social cost of the health
8. Autonomy
9. Participation, etc.

PHY 124: Epidemiology - Bio statistics - Health and Development

 Epidemiology: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Importance of the epidemiology, preventive care
2. Indices of community health in relation with the epidemiology
3. Analytical methods of demography
4. Program of investigation in Health
5. Epidemiological study of acute diseases and chronic conditions
6. Methodology and Statistics in the field of research
7. Analysis of the data
8. Introduction on the insects (brachycères, nématogeres,
marangonins, arachnids malacologie)
 Bio statistics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Descriptive statistics
- Descriptive statistics to one or two variables: measure of
central trends and dispersal;
- Graphical representation, scatter diagram;

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 - Correlation coefficient;
- Regression line;
- Contingency table;
- Probability: elementary notion, functions of density theoretical
and empirical, diagram quantile-quantile plots.
- Example of data in the sciences of life.
2. Inferential Statistics
- Inferential Statistics: simple random sampling;
- Central Limit Theorem;
- Estimate of the average and the proportion for the large
samples;
- Experimental protocol simple;
- Tests of hypotheses on an average and on a proportion;
- Tests of hypotheses on a difference of two averages or of two
proportions for large samples.
- Use of a statistical software.
 Policy and Health System (PSS): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Concept of public health, history and the Revolution, reorientation
of primary health care (central level, intermediate, device,
community participation, co-management, cost recovery, essential
drugs and minimum package of activity), the principles of care in
public health
2. Organization of health services
3. The Servicing of health districts
4. Management of a health training
5. Overview on the priority programs (ENP, malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis).

 Information, Education and Communication (IEC): 1 credit (15 hours); L, T,

SPW
1. The concepts of the IEC
2. The methods of assessment of the nutritional status of populations
3. Food ration of the different groups of individuals

PHY 125: Nursing Care and First Aid

 Nursing: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
- Elements of Approach of care: Models of Virginia Henderson;
- Care in medicine and care in surgery:
 Comfort care,
 Administration of Drugs;
 Taken settings;
 The antiseptics;
 The materials and instruments of surgery ;

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  The sterilization;
 Dressings and sutures.

 First aid: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

- The principles of first aid;
- Injuries;
- First Aid in case of:
 Fracture,
 Hemorrhage,
 Sprains,
 Burns;
 Asphyxiation,
 Poisoning;
 Bite of beast, etc.
- Cardiorespiratory massage.
PHY 126: Clinical Internship I
 Clinical internship 1: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

PHY 127: Civic Education and ethics and Initiation to Research

 Civic Education and Ethics: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW

- The citizen - the nation - the State,

- Public property unto collective property,
- The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Problem of ethics,
- Ethics, Law and reason;
- Management and ethics of responsibility;
- Ethics and management;
- Civics
- Deontology
- Moral consciousness
- The universal declaration of Human Rights
- Good governance in public services
- The importance of civics to the life of the nation
- Functions of the state and its citizens
- Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
- Relationship between morality, law and ethics
- Codes of ethics

 Research Project

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  Initiation to research: 1 credit (15hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Research in Physiotherapy
2. Sources of Knowledge
3. Methods of Reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature
review, methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports

Case practice: Drafting of protocols of research

Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review, formulating the

problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the questions
according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable hypothesis
to achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection, referencing, etc.;
Ethical considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable project administration; Plans
for dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring
instruments (reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality
control of measurements; computerization, checking and validating,
measurements; the issue of missing observations, statistical summarization of
information; testing of hypothesis.
Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

PHY 231: Anatomy physiology III - Chemistry Physiology

 Anatomy physiology III: 4 Appropriations (60hours); L, T, SPW
1. Musculoskeletal System
- Musculoskeletal system: the bone and its structure, different types of
bone parts - cartilage - joints.
- The muscular system: histology and physiology of striated muscle and
smooth muscle
2. Urinary system
- Macroscopic anatomy
- Renal physiology.
- The Genital system
- The genital system female: bone basin, articulation, genital organs
internal, genitals external, ovaries and menstrual cycle.

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 - The genital system masculine: testicles (anatomy, histology, endocrine
function), track excretory and glands annexs, vas deferens, seminal
vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, glands of cut, penis and semen.

 Physiological Chemistry: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Flow of Genetic Information: DNA replication, transcription, translation. -
Structure and role of proteins
2. Regulatory proteins, receiver, etc.
3. Regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and
amino acids.

PHY 232: Mineral Chemistry - Organic Chemistry

 Mineral chemistry: 1.5 credit (22.5 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Fundamental Concepts
- Tétravalence of carbon
- Carbon Chain linear cyclic,
- Concept of isometry
- Parts List
2. Simple concepts on the compounds multifunctional: Acids Alcohols,
phenol Acids, amino acids, etc.
 Organic Chemistry: 1.5 credit (22.5 hours); L, T, SPW
General concepts on:
- The saturated hydrocarbons: methane;
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons: ethylene, acetylene;
- The aromatic hydrocarbons: cHCMoroform;
- The halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons trichlorethylene ;
- The alcohols methanol, ethanol;
- The phnols;
- The aldehydes: formaldehyde;
- The ketones: acetone;
- The organic acids: acetic acids;
- The amines, methylamine;
- The acids: aniline.

PHY 233:Psychology applied to Physiotherapy

 Applied psychology to the physiotherapy: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Motivation to short and long term
2. Study of emotions and emotional reactions in a situation of
physiotherapy
3. Patient Relationship unto physiotherapy
4. Psychology of the disabled

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 5. Psychomotricity
6. Foundation of the psychomotricity
7. Body Diagram
8. Spatializer
9. Organization-temporal.

PHY 234: Physiotherapy and rehabilitation Methodology II - Elements of

materials and methodology of motor activities
 Methodology of physiotherapy and rehabilitation II: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T,
SPW
1. The theory and practice of articular mobilizations (members and spine)
2. Methodology of the CCA (muscle, articular, functional, quality of life)
3. Methodology of the physiotherapy and rehabilitation (of muscle
strengthening and stretching and postures)
4. Mechanical adjuvants in physiotherapy (mécanothérapie)
5. General principles of rehabilitation
 Elements of materials and methodology of motor activities: 3 credits (45
hours); L, T, SPW

6. Didactic concepts of basis

7. Fundamental Positions - Movements
8. Description of exercises unto practical aspects of presentation of the
exercises and correction: work with video and autocorrection

PHY 235: Special Pathologies and Specific Physiotherapy I - IEC 2

 Special pathologies and specific physiotherapy I: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T,
SPW
1. Pathology respiratory Special
- Physiological reminder of the complications respiratory functional with means
of assessment and therapeutic opportunities, including using the
physiotherapy;
- Review of major respiratory syndromes and the respiratory pathology
common, the emphasis being on the Diseases obstructive and restrictive.
2. Special pathology cardiac vascular and
- Disease of the Heart and Vessels General characteristics, methods of
diagnosis, treatment principles;
- Importance of the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease.
3. Neuromuscular, including seminars
- Affection of the muscle and of periphral nerve;
- Spinal cord injury trauma or other;

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 - Consequences of the lesions of the central nervous system interesting;
- Brain structures and cerebellar;Overview of the development of the engine of
the infant and its implications in the genesis of the Cerebral Palsy.
 IEC 2: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, PW
1. Review of problems of community
2. Prioritization of problems
3. Planning Execution unto
4. Communication technologies
5. Health Promotion

PHY 236: Clinical Internship II

 Clinical internship

PHY 237: Medical English - Medical French -

 English and French: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Conversation in English and French language specific to the care
2. Translation of medical terms, of the medical prescription, technical
data sheets and protocols, notices of dispenNUSg medicines
3. The parts of the human body
4. The bodies
5. The different systems
 English and French: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

- The human body

1. The pathologies by systems
 Urinary system;
 Cardiovascular System;
 Digestive system;
 Endocrine system;
2. The dispensing of drugs
 English and French: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
-The course consists of two parts: The first is devoted to the revision of the key
elements of the English grammar and french ; the second part consists of thematic
units which are aimed at the control of these structures by means of activities
focused on the oral expression.

PHY 241: General Economy - Hospital management

 General Economics: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. International economic relations
 Areas of economic exchanges;
 Specialization and international trade;

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  International payment;
 Construction.
2. The economic policies
 The objectives: growth, employment, prices, external trade;
 The means: Policies fiscal, monetary, industrial and employment
policy and training.
3. Economic circuit and national accounting
 Institutional Sectors, flow accounts, table (table of the whole
economic activity, table input/ ouPHut, table of financial operations),
aggregates and ratios.
4. Evolution of the final consumption, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
and savings.

 Hospital management: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Health Organization in Cameroon
 Mission of Health training on the national territory: health center,
district hospitals, hospitals, central and regional, general hospitals,
CHU, private hospitals and clinics laity and confessional, liberal
medicine.
 Hospital reform, inter relation with national organizations that
contribute to the health and the fight against poverty (other
government departments, donors, international organizations, NGOS,
associations);
2. Organization of health training, public and private
 Legislation which applies to health training;
 Economic and Financial Management;
 Workforce management Workforce management, staff and the
continuous training;
 Management of care and drugs.

PHY 242: Priority Health Programs

 Priority Health programs: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Malaria, tuberculosis, river blindness; etc.
2. The educational program in health
- Definition;
- The components;
- Preparation;
3. Monitoring and motoring an educational program
- Definition;
- Principle;
4. The supervision of an educational program in health
- Definition;

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 - Supervision and motoring;
- Why the supervision?
- The steps of the Supervision;
- The styles of supervision:
- Autocratic supervision;
- Anarchic supervision,
- Democratic oversight;
- The benefits of the supervision.
 Vaccination: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Public Health, Individual, Community
2. Education, information, teaching, learning
3. Health, disease
4. Quality of Life, mode of life
5. Prevention, health promotion, health education
6. Logic of health, model of health, behavior;
7. Approach by problem, by situation
8. Axiological dimension, theoretical, methodological of the EPS
9. Health Analysis, Needs, context, of situation
10. Intervention, evaluation, research
11. Normative schedules, encouragement, by emergence, etc.

PHY 243: Special Methodology of Physiotherapy I

 Special methodology of physiotherapy I: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Respirology
2. Orthopedic
3. Traumatology
4. Rheumatology
5. Neurology
6. Depth Question of Rehabilitation
7. Psychiatry
8. Uro-gynecology
9. Vascular (arterial, venous and lymphatic)
10. Oncology including palliative care

PHY 244: Special pathologies and specific Physiotherapy II

 Pathology abdominal special: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
- Description of the main diseases of the digestive tube, with
reminder of anatomy and pathophysiology, as well as the notions
of Semiology and therapeutic attached to it.
 Pathology and functional rehabilitation surgical special of the child: 1
credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Traumatology

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 2. Bone Infections (osteomyelitis)
3. Pathology of the Hip (dislocation, spur physiology, Legg-Calvé-
Perthes)
4. Pathology of Engineering (diseases of growth,
génuvalgum/valgum, subluxation, influence of sport)
5. Pathology of the foot (positional foot, foot Bot, hollow foot, Flat
Foot)
6. Inequality of length (origin and treatment)
7. Pathology of the upper member (obstetric paralysis, congenital
malformations)
8. Pathology of the vertebral column (scoliosis, kyphosis,
spondylolysis)
 Pathology Medical special of the child: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. The Pediatrics of is the medicine of the child. That is to say the
science of the development of the Healthy Child and ill, often linked
to the confrontation between a genetic program and its physical
environment social and
2. As regards the pathology, the course is specifically oriented
toward the disorders of growth and puberty, the risks related to the
environment, obesity, respiratory, neuromuscular, Diabetes
 Special pathology rheumatic disease, physio Technical, including
elements radiological and practical work of physio technique: 2 credits (30
hours); L, T, SPW
1. The various physical methods used for therapeutic purposes (to
the exclusion of the radiotherapy): electrotherapy, use of
electromagnetic waves, vibrothérapie, Hydrotherapy including the
pélothérapie
2. The rheumatic pathology: Infectious arthritis and inflammatory,
arthropathies, degenerative diseases (osteoarthritis, articular
rheumatism, tendonitis, bursitis, etc.), bone diseases (osteoporosis,
ostéornalacic, Paget; etc.)
PHY 245: Special Pharmacology of Physiotherapy II
 Special pharmacology of physiotherapy II: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L,
T, SPW
1. The medicines of the inflammation
 Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal;
 Anti-inflammatories steroidal;
 Antibacykinines;
 Antileucotriennes;
 Aspirin;

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  The paracetamol;
2. The other painkillers

PHY 246:Community Internship I

 Community Internship I : 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW

PHY 247: Medical Law

 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law
and sources
2. The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)
3. The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
4. The delegate of the staff, unions
5. Work accidents and occupational diseases
6. The hygiene and safety in the workplace
 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Nature and function of the management of personnel, training and staff
development, supervision and evaluation of employees; assessment of jobs and
administration of salaries; trade union organizations and labor legislation,
collective bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to
employees. Practical application in industrial administration, public and the
hospital.
 Civil law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Society, ethics and the law; the foundation of the right and of the social life;
concepts of health and education; place of the body in moral and in law; the
right and duties of the individual and of the Community (right of patients, the
rights of the person and the health care system); privatization and publicisation
of health, respect for private life and social cost of health. Autonomy,
participation, etc.
PHY 351: Neurophysiology - Human and Special Metabolic I - Economics
Health
 Neurophysiology Human metabolic Special: 4 appropriations (60
hours) ; L, T, P, SPW
1. The different floors of the shaft digestive, and its glands Annexs, are
analyzed on the plan of the traction, of metabolic exchange processes
and coordination a hormonal
2. The functions of the kidney (filtration, reabsorption, secretion,
concentration of the urine, acidification of the urine) are studied
 The economics of health: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

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 1. Basic concepts in health economics: supply, demand, the financing of
the health
2. Concept of the market in health: the supply of health care; request of
care; financing of care
3. The funding in health: social protection, pooling of Health financing
4. Health Financing in Cameroon : Community funding (CNPS, mutual
health and system put in place by the state for public servants); non-
Community funding (budget of the ministries concerned, public health
and other…); bilateral and multilateral cooperation (NGOS, other
donors, …)
5. The Health Planning
6. Health system and their assessment: effectiveness, efficiency, cost,
effectiveness/efficiency, cost / efficiency

PHY 352: Human Neurophysiology including the Physiology of Movements

 Human Neurophysiology including the physiology of movements: 3 credits
(45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Nervous content and mechanisms for integration in the central nervous

system
2. Tracks ascending and descending
3. Sensory Receptors, including the mechanisms of translation
4. Organization of the traction and the role of the Cerebellum
5. Sensory organs
6. Cognitive and driving memories

PHY 353: Special Methodology of Physiotherapy

 Special methodology of Physiotherapy: 3 credits (45 hours); L, P, SPW

PHY 354: Special Gynecological Pathology

 Special gynecological pathology : 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Reproductive Endocrinology, puberty, pregnancy, menopause

2. Physiology of pregnancy, fertilization, post-partum
3. The pain in the course of the work and its treatment
4. Affection gynecological surgical stress urinary incontinence of

PHY355 : Community Internship II

 Community Practicum 2: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

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PHY356:Clinical Internship III
 Clinical Internship 3: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

PHY 357: Information and Communication Technology 2

 Information and Communication Technology 2 : 3 credits (45hours)
1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a
name to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce,
frequency) and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and
NB.If.ENS, Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Telemedecine
9. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
10. Presentation of the types of media and networks
11. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
12. Networks withoutwires
13. Learning of a software application(Microsoft PowerPoint)
14. Numbering system
15. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

PHY 361: Professional Project

 Project Mentee: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW

It depends on the theme of work of the learner; it must be drafted in

accordance with the following plan:
1. Summary
2. Introduction: 2 pages maximum. The introduction, it is spring
loaded to the problematic
- One poses the question of research,
- One fixes the Assumptions;
- One fixes the general objective;
- It sets out the specific objectives and sets out the plan.
3. Chapter I, II: The literature review (Review of the literature)
4. Chapter II, III: The methodology
5. Chapter III, IV:
- Presentation of the results and discussion

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 - Conclusion and recommendations;
- Bibliography;
- Annexs.

PHY 362:IEC 3 - Health Promotion

 General hygiene: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
- Bodily hygiene;
- Dress hygiene;
- Food hygiene;
- Hygiene of the habitat.
 Hospital hygiene: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. General principles
- Epidemiology;
- Sources and vehicles;
- Contaminant agents;
- Mode of transmission.
2. Development of a hospital
- Monitoring and reporting of any infection;
- Removal of Contamination;
- Architectural consideration;
- Bacteriological control.
3. Role of the bacteriologist in the fight against the hospital infection
- Personal hygiene;
- Collection;
- Transport and treatment of samples;
- Treatment of residues;
- Washing and sterilization of equipment;
- Collaboration with the other services;
- General hygiene of the service of medical analysis.
 IEC III: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

 Health Promotion: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Health
2. Education for health and health promotion
3. Evolution of Concepts
4. A Determinant of Health
5. Approach to health promotion 'Fall of Ottawa)
6. Health education
7. Health education
8. Education for Health
9. The levels of action for health promotion

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 10. The implementation of the actions of health promotion
11. Evaluation of health promotion.
PHY 363: Apparatus and Prosthesis in Physiotherapy
 Apparatus and prosthesis in Physiotherapy: 3 credits (45 hours); L, P, SPW

1. Prostheses senior members and lower limbs and orthotics

2. Apparatus for the disabled and their revalidation

PHY 364: Implementation professional situation related to special

pathologies I
 Implementation professional situation related to special pathologies I: 4
credits (60 hours); P, SPW

PHY 365: Implementation professional situation related to special

pathologies II
 Implementation professional situation related to special pathologies II: 4
credits (60 hours); P, PW

PHY 366: Clinical internship IV

 Clinical internship 4: 6 credits (90 hours); P, SPW

PHY 367: Professional Ethics and Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know those
values and obligations which practice in the profession.

Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse, rights of

the patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics, etiquettes,
patient reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical
jurisprudence, lab practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties,
organization of Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.

Health care Ethics

 Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
 Bioethics
 MLS Ethics
 Moral Development
 Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
 Code of Ethics health workers.

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  Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child,
Rights of The Elderly, Patients Rights
 Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
 Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
 Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
 Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
 Code of ethics.
 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
 MLS and the law
Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee,
termination of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health
practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
OPHTALMIC TECHNICIAN

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Ophthalmic Technician

1. The objective of the training

The mission of this program is to train highlyy qualified ophthalmic technicians

capable of providing holistic high quality ophthalmic assistance in diverse clinical
and academic settings locally, nationally and internationally.

2. The powers sought

 Generic skills
- Be responsible and reflexive;
- Have empowered gestural and capabilities; relational
- Recognize its emotions and be able to use with the acquired
professional necessary;
- Have a trust and a proven insurance;
- Have the critical capacity and questioning;
- Develop an ethics and a normal professional;
- Makethoughtfuldecisions;
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the fields of well delimited its
function.

 Specificskills
- Provide primary vision care ranging from sight testing and correction to
the diagnosis and management of vision changes
- Practice optometry technology, which primarily involves performing eye
exams and vision tests
- Detect certain eye abnormalities and prescribing and dispensing
corrective lenses
- Assist the ophthalmologists and eye surgeons

3. OUTLETS
The ophthalmic technicians will be able to work in:
- Eye Clinics
- Optometry Department
- Refraction centers and academic settings etc.

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4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ophthalmic Technician
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy-Physiology I /Cell Biology -
OTE111 30 15 10 5 60 4
Histology
Microbiology I : Bacteriology-Parasitology
OTE112 40 15 15 5 75 5
/General Chemistry & Biochemistry
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Fundamentals of Nursing I : Overview-
OTE113 45 15 10 5 75 5
Concepts-History-Theories
Social Sciences I : Medical Sociology,
OTE114 45 20 5 5 75 5
Anthropology & Psychology
OTE115 Human Development Across The Life Span 40 10 5 5 60 4
OTE116 Clinical Placement I / / 60 / 60 4
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
- ICT I
OTE117 25 5 10 5 45 3
Functional English and french
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty:OphthalmicTechnician
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
OTE 121 Anatomy-Physiology II 45 20 5 5 75 5
Microbiology II: Virology-Mycology-
OTE 122 35 15 5 5 60 4
Immunology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Fundamentals Of Nursing III: Nursing
OTE 123 35 15 5 5 60 4
Sciences and First Aid
Public Health: Epidemiology-
OTE 124 Demography-Environmental Sanitation & 35 10 10 5 60 4
Health Promotion
OTE 125 Medical Nursing I 40 10 5 5 60 4
OTE 126 Clinical Placement II / / 90 / 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
OTE127 Professional Ethics And Deontology 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

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 Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ophthalmic Technician
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Ocular Anatomy & Physiology- Theory &
OTE231 45 15 10 5 75 5
Practical
General Pharmacology
OTE232 30 15 10 5 60 4
Clinical Pharmacology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Visual Optics I- Theory & Practical, Lighting
OTE233 50 20 15 5 90 6
& The Eye- Theory & Practical
OTE234 Clinical Refraction I- Theory & Practical 25 10 5 5 45 3
Ophthalmic & Optical Instrumentation &
OTE235 40 10 20 5 75 5
Procedure I- Theory & Practical
OTE236 Clinical Placement III(optician shop) / / 60 / 60 4
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
OTE237 - French and English for Medical Profession 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ophthalmic Technician
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles Of
L T P PW Total Credit
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
OTE241 Physical Optics- Theory & Practical 35 15 5 5 60 4
Ocular Pathology And Microbiology-
OTE242 Theory & Practical, Geometrical 45 15 10 5 75 5
Optics- Theory & Practical
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
OTE243 Visual Optics II- Theory & Practical 45 20 5 5 75 5
OTE244 Clinical Refraction II- Theory & Practical 35 15 5 5 60 4
Ophthalmic & Optical Instrumentation
OTE245 25 10 5 5 45 3
& Procedure II- Theory & Practical
Clinical Placement IV
OTE246 15 10 60 5 90 6
Introduction to Operational Research
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
OTE247 BiostatisticsI-Health Information Systems 30 8 4 3 45 3
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

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 Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ophthalmic Technician

Code Hourly Volume Number

Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
OTE351 Ocular Disease I (Anterior Segment Disease) 35 15 5 5 60 4
Binocular Vision & Ocular Motality, Health
OTE352 45 15 10 5 75 5
Care Management
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
OTE353 Contact Lens I- Theory & Practical 35 15 5 5 60 4
Ophthalmic Lens & Dispensing Optics- Theory
OTE354 35 15 5 5 60 4
& Practical
Low Vision Aids & Visual Rehabilitation-
OTE355 35 15 5 5 60 4
Theory & Practical
OTE356 Clinical Placement V (optical department) / / 70 20 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Medical Law, Legal and Occupational
OTE357 30 5 5 5 45 3
Health BiostatisticsII
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

Semester 6

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ophthalmic Technician

Code Hourly Volume Number

Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Ocular Disease II (Posterior &Neuro-Eye
OTE361 25 10 5 5 45 3
Disease)
Health Economics, Systemic Condition & The
OTE362 55 20 10 5 90 6
Eye
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
OTE363 Contact Lens II- Theory & Practical 35 15 5 5 60 4
OTE364 Public Health & Community Optometry 35 15 5 5 60 4
Applied Optometry &Orthoptics- Theory &
OTE365 35 15 5 5 60 4
Practical
OTE366 Clinical Placement VI (operational research) / / 70 20 90 6
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Ethics & Civic Education,
OTE367 25 10 5 5 45 3
Research Project
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

OTE111: Anatomy-Physiology I/Cell Biology-Histology

Content:
Cell structure and function
Physiology of the muscles and nerve: Physiology of muscles function; Types of
contractions, all or none principle; Muscle tone, fatigue, Nerve cell and Electro-
Physiology; Degeneration of nerve; Reaction of Degeneration.
Physiology Of Blood And Cvs: Composition of blood, formation and function of red
blood corpuscles; Types of contractions, all or none principle; Formation & function
of leucocytes; The Plasma Proteins; Blood Groups; Heart vessels & Cardiac Muscles;
Blood pressure, and factors maintaining and affecting circulations.; Cardiac cycle
and ouPHut, electro- cardiogram; Coagulation of blood and Reticuloendothelial
system.
Respiratory System: Mechanism of respiration- internal and external; Nervous control
of Respiration; Factors affecting respiration; Capacity and lung volumes (vital
capacity, tidal air, residual air, reserve air, minimal air etc); Transport of gases and
hypoxia.
Introduction to Anatomy, terms and terminology; Regions of Body, Cavities and
systems; Surface anatomy – musculo-skeletal, vascular, cardiopulmonary system;
General Embryology
Musculoskeletal system: Connective tissue & its modification, tendons, membranes,
special connective Tissue; Bone structure, blood supply, growth, ossification, and
classification; Muscle classification, structure and functional aspect; Joints –
classification, structures of joints, movements, range, limiting factors, stability, blood
supply, nerve supply, dislocations and applied anatomy
Upper extremity: Bony architecture; Joints – structure, range of movement; Muscles –
origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply; Major nerves – course, branches and
implications of nerve injuries; Development of limb bones, muscles and anomalies
Lower Extremity: Bony architecture; Joints – structure, range of movement; Muscles –
origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply; Major nerves – course, branches and
implications of nerve injuries; Development of limb bones, muscles and anomalies
Spine and thorax: Back muscles - Superficial layer, Deep muscles of back, their
origin, insertion, action and nerve supply; Vertebral column – Structure &
Development, Structure & Joints of vertebra; Thoracic cage
Head and neck: Cranium; Facial Muscles – origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply;
Temporo mandibular Joints – structure, types of movement
Cardiovascular system: Circulatory system – major arteries and veins of the body,
structure of blood vessels; Heart structure, positions, chambers, valves, internal &
external features; Blood supply to heart; Conductive system of heart; Lymphatic
system; Circulation, structure & functions; Lymph nodes
Respiratory system: Structure of upper and lower respiratory tract; Thorax: Pleural
cavities & pleura; Lungs and respiratory tree; Heart and great vessels; Diaphragm

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OTE112: Microbiology I: Bacteriology-Parasitology / General Chemistry &
Biochemistry

 Bacteriology-Parasitology
Objectives: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of microorganism.
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be able to:
- Have a general notion of Microorganisms;
- Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to humans;
- Differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotes;
- Perform Preliminary basic laboratory techniques for identifying
Microorganisms.

Content:
- General introduction to microbiology
- Importance of Microbes
- Cell types: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- History of Development of MCB
- Structure and Function of a Composite Bacteria cell
- Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
- Criteria used for classification of Microorganisms
Parasitology:
Introduction to Parasitology
- Definition of some terminologies used in Parasitology
- Transmission and diseases caused by parasites
- Classification and characteristics of parasites
- Life cycles of some parasites (aetiologic agent, mode of transmission,
infective and diagnostic stages)e.gEntamoebahistolytica, Giardia
lamblia, Trichomonasvaginalis, Leishmaniaspp, Trypanosomaspp,
Malaria parasite,Ascarislumbricoides, Hookworms, Taeniaspp,
Schistosomaspp
- Quality assurance in the Parasitology laboratory
- Basic techniques used in the identification of parasites
Introduction to the laboratory
- levels of laboratories
- laboratory safety
- First Aid in the laboratory
Introduction to Haematology
- Overview
- Red blood cell Indices
- White blood cell Indices
- Blood groups and Transfusion
- ABO blood group system

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 - Rhesus Factor
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate
Introduction to Medical Parasitology
- Definition of basic terminologies in Parasitology
- Host/ Parasite Interactions
- Routine stool examination
- Examination of Malaria parasite
Introduction to Clinical Chemistry
- Specimen collection and processing
- Explanation of clinical Chemistry results: Blood sugar, heart disease risk,
Iron status, Kidney Function tests, Electrolytes, Acid-base balance, Bone
metabolism, Lipid panel, Liver Function tests, Cancer screening, Thyroid
function and Urinalysis
Introduction to Bacteriology
- Bacterial structure
- Bacteria cell shape and arrangement
- Laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoeae
- Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis
- Laboratory diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections
- Laboratory examination of V/S and U/S

 General Chemistry & Biochemistry

Objectives: The student should be able to:
- Describe the role of chemistry in modern life;
- Define some of the physical properties of drugs, e.g., solubility, melting
point, boiling point and acid–base properties;
- Explain the terms pH, Pka, buffer and neutralization.
Atomic structure and bonding:
- Describe the fundamental concepts of atomic structure;
- Explain various aspects of chemical bonding;
- Discuss the relevance of chemical bonding in drug molecules and
drug–receptor interactions.
Contents: Physical Chemistry
 General introduction: Role of chemistry in modern life.
 Atomic Structure: orbital‘s and electronic configurations
- Aufbau principle.
- Pauli exclusion principle
- Hund‘s rule
- Hybridization
 Atomic Structure and Bonding
- Describe the fundamental concepts of atomic structure.
- Explain various types of chemical bonding.
- Electronegativity and chemical bonding

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 - Bond polarity and intermolecular forces.
- Understand the significance of chemical bonding in drug-receptor
interactions.
 General Review of the Periodic Table
- Periodic Law
- Alkali metals (group I)
- Some medical uses of group I elements.
- Alkaline-earth metals (group II)
- Some medical uses of group I elements.
- The transition elements
- Medical uses of some transitional elements.
- Halogens (group VII)
- Medical effects of halogens.
- Isotopy
- The mole concept
- Using moles to balancing & write equations
- The empirical & molecular formulas of compounds
- Allotropy
- Alloy
- Absorption & emission spectra
- Radioactivity and Radiations
 Acids and Bases
 Volumetric analysis
Organic Compounds:
- Carbohydrates: Classification, types and functions
- Lipids and membranes: definitions, types, chemistry, nomenclature
properties and classification
- Amino acids and Proteins: definitions, types, chemistry, properties, notion
of peptide basics.
- Structural levels of Proteins, biological functions.

OTE113: Fundamentals of Nursing I: Overview-Concepts History-Theories

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should master the concepts and
understand the evolution of nursing;
Content:
I. Clarification of concepts
- Health,
- Sickness ;
- Life,
- Death,
- The health continuum ;
- Signs and sickness;

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 - Need ;
- The concept of paradigme,
- Theories ;
- Modeles,

II. History of the nursing profession.

Objective: To understand the steps of the evolutive process of nursing,
Content:
- Health in primitive cultures;
o Before christ ;
o Middle age,
o Florence Nightingale‘sera ;
- Organisation nursing ;
- Role of the nurse;
- History of nursing in Cameroun.
- National order of paramedical personnels.
- View of the other professions.

OTE114: Social Sciences I: Medical Sociology, Anthropology & Psychology

 Objective:
- To outline key ideas about dysfunctional patterns of behavior.
- To discuss maladjusted responses resulting from defects in personality
development and suggest ways that nurses can help.
 Content:
- Introduction to psychology
- Major steps of life:-
- Emotional, Intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial evolution of the
individual: First age, second age, preschool, school, adolescence,
adulthood, aging.
- Body structure and body image
- Personality
- Dynamic aspects of personality, unconscious, instinct, repression,
motivation.
- Defense mechanism and adaptation.
- Emotional states: Feelings, emotions, fear, anger, distrust, anxiety.
- Comportments and behaviors.
- The different modes of relationship: social, educational, cooperative,
authority, dependency, acceptance, mothering.
- Evolution of life and of the human being in his psychological dimensions.
- The doctor – patient relationship: specificities.
 Sociology:
- Introduction to sociology

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 - Concept of group: Social groups (family, work groups, institution).
- Dynamics of small groups
- Dynamics of conflicts: Leaders
- Communication and communication networks
- Evolution of life and the human being in his social dimensions.
 Anthropology / Ethnology
- Notions of anthropology and ethnology
- Anthropology, ethnology
- Customs and cultural PWnomena
- The innate and the acquired myths and beliefs
- Cultural attitudes to health, illness, death.

OTE115: Human Development Across The Life Span

Objective: To outline key ideas about dysfunctional patterns of behaviour.
To discuss maladjustive responses resulting from defects in personality development
and suggest ways that nurses can help.
Content:
- Introduction to psychology;
- Major steps of life;
- Emotional, Intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial evolution of the
individual; First age, second age, preschool, school, adolescence,
adulthood, aging;
- Body structure and body image ;
- Personality ;
- Dynamic aspects of personality, unconscious, instinct, repression,
motivation;
- Defense mechanism and adaptation;
- Emotional states: Feelings, emotions, fear, anger, distrust, anxiety;
- Comportments and behaviours;
- The different modes of relationship: social, educational, cooperative,
authority, dependency, acceptance, mothering;
- Evolution of life and of the human being in his psychological dimensions;
- The doctor – patient relationship: specificities.

OTE116: Clinical Practice I (Immersion)

OTE117: Functional English and French

 English and French expression: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Form of words in French
 Prefix, radical;
 Root, suffix.

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 2. Explanation of words and group of words
3. Morphosyntax and rhetoric
 Components and structure of the sentence:
- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Sentence composed.
 Figures of style:
- Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.
4. Administrative correspondence and professional
- The different parts of a administrative correspondence and
the administrative style
- Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).
5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance
- Application for employment;
- CV;
- Letter of motivation.
6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
- French composition: Reminder methodological and
implementation;
- Contraction of text: methodological reminder and
application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
- Identification of the factors in the situation of
communication (transmitter, receiver, code, channel,
message, context);
- Situation of communication and verbal interactions;
- Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic,
proxémiques, MIMO-gestural, etc.;
- Identification and handling of figures of expression and
thought metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.).

 Technique of the information and of the communication 1: 1 credit (15

hours); L,T, SPW
1. Concepts and architecture of computers
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers

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 3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

OTE121: Anatomy and Physiology II

Among the basic sciences of medicine fundamental to the practice of all branches,
the most important are anatomy and physiology. Their studies have unique
applications to all branches of medicine and extracts pertinent to all branches are
higHCMighted.
Nervous system: Classification of nervous system; Nerve – structure, classification,
microscopy with examples; Neurons, classification with examples Simple reflex arc;
Parts of a typical spinal nerve/Dermatome; Central nervous system – disposition,
parts and functions; Cerebrum; Cerebellum; Midbrain & brain stem; Blood supply &
anatomy of brain; Spinal cord- anatomy, blood supply, nerve pathways; Pyramidal,
extra pyramidal system; Thalamus, hypothalamus; Structure and features of
meninges; Ventricles of brain, CSF circulation; Development of nervous system &
defects; Cranial nerves – (course, distribution, functions and palsy); Sympathetic
nervous system, its parts and components; Parasympathetic nervous system
Sensory system: Structure and function of- Visual system; Auditory system; Gustatory
system; Olfactory system; Somato sensory system
Digestive system: Parts of digestive system; Abdominal cavity – divisions; Muscles of
abdominal wall; Liver; Pancreas; Spleen; Alimentary canal; Gall bladder; Intestine
(small & large)
Urinary and Reproductive system: Urinary system; Pelvic floor, innervations; Kidney,
Ureter, bladder, urethra
Genital system – male and female; Reproductive system of male; Reproductive
system of female
Endocrine system: Pituitary gland; Thyroid; Parathyroid.
Digestive System: Introduction to digestive system, Alimentary functional anatomy;
The salivary glands; The stomach and its secretion; The bile; The small intestine;
Digestive processes and functions of liver; Absorption, Metabolism, Basal
Metabolism, Food requirements; Metabolism.
Endocrine system: Physiology of the endocrine glands (pituitary, pineal body,
Thyroid, Para thyroid, adrenal, gonads, thymus and pancreas etc.).
Physiology of urogenital system: Physiology of kidney and urine formation;
Constituents of normal urine etc; Kidney function tests. Miscellaneous aspects renal
physiology, Micturition, Male and female reproductive organs.
Skin: The skin structure and its function; Temperature regulation.

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Nervous system: Reflex arc; Physiology of the central nervous system; Posture,
locomotion and Equilibrium; Reflexes; Physiology of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system; Sensory system and receptors; Motor areas,
descending and ascending tracts; ANS; Reticular formation Cerebrum, Cerebellum,
basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, CSF and Blood brain barrier; Neuro
Muscular Junction

OTE 122: Microbiology II (Virology-Mycology-Immunology)

Objective: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of
microorganism. Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be
able to:
- Have a general notion of Microorganisms
- Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to humans
- Differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotes
- Perform Preliminary basic laboratory techniques for identifying
Microorganisms
Cultivation of bacteria
Types of culture media
Bacteria growth: Batch and Continuous systems, various phases of a bacteria
growth curve
Microbial growth requirements: Physical requirements (Oxygen, temperature etc.),
Chemical requirements (Nitrogen, Carbon etc.) and Growth factors (Vitamins,
amino acids, pyrimidine and purine bases)
Introduction to viruses, General characteristics of viruses, General structure and
functions of the various parts of a virus, Classification of viruses: In terms of nucleic
acids, morphology, and Viral replication: adsorption, penetration, uncoating etc.
Terminologies related to the control of microbial growth (sterilization, disinfection,
bacteriostatic, bactericidal etc.)
Introduction to Mycology
- Beneficial and harmful importance of Fungi
- General characteristics of Fungi
- General life cycle of fungi
- Sexual and Asexual reproduction in fungi
- Types of Mycoses
- Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoses

OTE123: Fundamentals of Nursing Sciences II: Nursing Sciences & First Aid
Objective: The student should understand the nursing process;
 Content:
1. The nursing process
- Analysis and interpretation of results.
- The concept of nursing diagnosis;
- The nurses intervention;

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 - The nursing care plan and register;
 Nursing care Planification
2. First Aid
First aid.Definition, concept of first aide, hemorrhage (bleeding), fainting,
choking and drowning,
Shock and electrocution, coma (unconsciousness) and heat stroke (sun burn),
fractures, sprains and strains and dislocations, poisoning, animal bites and insect
stings,

OTE124: Public Health: Epidemiology-Demography-Environmental

sanitation& Health Promotion.
Objective: To master of the elements of public health related to
epidemiology, demography the environment and health promotion.
 Content
 Epidemiology
Epidemiology method, health measurement, epidemiological data, measurement
of epidemiological frequency, prevalence, incidence, associated impact of
epidemiology, precise and validation of epidemiology, precise problem of sample
collection.
 Demography
Definition, goal of demography, notion of demography, characteristic of the
population, notion of type of demography, ratio, ascending pyramid of age, stratify
population, interpretation.

OTE125: Medical Nursing I

Objective: To take care of patients in a medical ward, bearing in mind the
ethics and the deontology of the profession.

 Content
1. Medical Nursing
- Clerking
- Guidelines for collecting history
- Importance of health history
- Components of health history taking
- Physical examination (PE)
- Importance of physical examination
- Guidelines for carryout a PE
- Techniques for carrying out a PE
- Vital signs
- Importance of vital signs
- Recording PE and principles guiding recoding of PE
- Guidelines for vital signs

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 - Technique
a) Temperature
- Clinical thermometer
- Sites for temperature assessment
- Few keys features surrounding temperature
b) Pulse
- Assessing pulse (radial)
- Pulse characteristics
c) Respiratory Rate
- Dyspnea
d) Arterial Blood Pressure (BP)
- Assessing BP
- Drug administration
- General rules for administering medication
- Principles of administering medication
- Maintaining safety in drug administration
- Calculating drug doses
- Medication errors
- Routes and techniques of drug administration
- Enteral routes
- Parenteral routes
- Details on routes of drug administration:
 Oral medications
 Injectable
 Intra- muscular routes
-Sites identification
a) buttocks
b) Thigh
c) The upper arm
- Subcutaneous route (procedure)
- The IV route

OTE126: Clinical Practice II

OTE127: Civics Education and Ethics –Research Project

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should acquire basic knowledge on
civics and ethics applicable by the citizen in his daily life and at his job site and
master law related in medicine.
 Civics Educationand Ethics
 Content
1. Concepts:
- The citizen - the nation - the State,
- Public property unto collective property,

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 - The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Problem of ethics,
- Ethics, Law and reason;
- Management and ethics of responsibility;
- Ethics and management;
- Civics
- Deontology
- Moral consciousness
- The universal declaration of Human Rights
- Good governance in public services
- The importance of civics to the life of the nation
- Functions of the state and its citizens
- Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
- Relationship between morality, law and ethics
- Codes of ethics

 Research Project
 Initiation to research: 1 credit (15hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. In Health Research
2. Sources of Knowledge
3. Methods of Reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports
9. Case practice: drafting of protocols of research

 Research Project
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for
these in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate
choice and application of statistical testing to assess this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or
group research.

Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review, formulating

the problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the questions
according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable hypothesis to
achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical

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considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable project administration; Plans for
dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring
instruments (reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality
control of measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements;
the issue of missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of
hypothesis.

Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

OTE231: Ocular Anatomy & Physiology- Theory & Practical
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ocular
anatomy & physiology that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this
program.
Content:
Anatomy: Embryology –ocular, Orbit, Cornea, Lens, Zonules, Uveal Tract & its
vascular supply, Vitreous, Sclera, Anterior chamber and its angle, Retina & its
vascular supply, The Ocular motor system, The pupillary &ciliary muscle, The
lachrymal appears, Anatomy of the Ocular Adnexa & glands
Physiology: Cornea, Uveal tissue, Lens, Aqueous humour, Vitreous Humour,
Retina, Optic Nerve, Ocular Circulation, Protective Mechanism of the eye, The
ocular motor system, Intraocular pressure, Pupil, Accommodation, Color vision,
Geneculate cortex, Visual perception, Physiology of vision- Visual acuity, Contrast
Sensitivity, Light & Dark adaptation, Binocular vision, Electrodiagnostic tests – ERG,
EOG, VER

OTE232: General Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology

Objective: At the end of this unit, the students will know the principle of drug
action and rational of use in treating diseases, drug resistance, spectrum of activity
of each drugs treated, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of
classes of drugs treated.
Content:
- Fundamental concepts and Terminology
- Introduction (Branches of pharmacology)
- Principles of pharmacokinetics
- Principles of pharmacodynamics
- Chemotherapeutic Agents (Antibiotics and Antineoplastics)
- Brief bacterial morphology and Antibiotic resistance
- General features of Antimicrobials
- Beta lactams
- Classes/ Drug examples, mode of action,
- Effects ofCephalosporins and penicillins
- Tetracyclines Classes/ Drug examples, mode of action,

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- Effects and Precautionary measures.
- Aminoglycosides Classes/ Drug examples, mode of action,
- Effects and Precautionary measures.
- Macrolides Classes/ Drug examples, mode of action,
- Effects and Precautionary measures.
- Sulphonamides Classes/ Drug examples, mode of action,
- Effects and Precautionary measures.
- Fluoroquinolones Classes/ Drug examples, mode of action,
- Effects and Precautionary measures.
- Anti- tubercular drugs
- Drug examples,
- Mechanism of action
- Effects and Precautionary measures.
- Drugs for treating leprosy
- Antiviral Drugs
- Pathophysiology and treatment of common viral infections like;
- Viral Hepatitis, herpes zoster, HSV-1, Influenza, etc
- HIV Morphology and Essential stages in viral replication which act as
drug targets.
- Anti-retroviral drugs
- Anti-Fungal Drugs - Common fungal infections.
- Anti-Fungal drugs (Polyenes, Azoles, Allylalanines, Antimetabolites, etc)
- Antiparasitic Drugs Introduction and classification of agents.
- Amoebic dysentery
- Toxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
- ANTDelmiNTDes: Nematode, Trematode&Cestode infections
- Malaria: Mode of action /effects of drugs used in the treatment of;
blood/tissue Schizonts, hypnozoites,
- Chemical disinfectants, antiseptics and Preservatives.
- Principles of Toxicology: Definition of poison, general principles of
treatment of poisoning with particular reference to oral and systemic
poisoning.
- Cancer therapy the cell cycle
- Cell cycle specific agents:
- Antimetabolites: - indications mode of action
- Effects and Precautionary measures for;
- Pyrimidine, purine and folic acid Antagonists
- Mitotic Inhibitors: indications, mode of action
- Effects and Precautionary measures for;
- Plant alkaloids antibiotics and Topoisomerase inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Non-Specific Drugs (cytostatic agents)
- Revision of previous work
- Indications, mode of action

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 - Effects and Precautionary measures for; alkylating agents, intercalating
agents
- Hormones and their Blockers.
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics ofEstrogens, Androgens,
Corticorsteroids, Progestazens, etc.
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Cytostatic agents
- Diminished cellular uptake, increased syNTDesis of P-glycoprotein,
- Diminished bio activation of a pro-drug,
- Change in site of action, Damage repair, etc.
OTE233: Visual Optics I- Theory & Practical / Lighting &The Eye- Theory &
Practical
 Visual Optics I- Theory & Practical
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of visual optics
that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Review of Geometrical Optics: From Geometrical Optics. Schematic and
reduced eyes and their properties.Optical constants of the eye and their
measurement.Purkinje images.Corneal curvature and thickness.Keratometry and
pachometry.Indices of aqueous and vitreous. Optical Defects of the Eye- Shape of
Cornea, Shape & RI of the lens, Optical axis, Visual axis (angle alpha, Fixation axis
(angle gamma), Aberration of the Optical system of eye, Depth of focus, Diffraction
& resolving power. Emmetropia and ametropia, Axial versus sPWrical ametropia,
Myopia Hypermetropia (Hyperopial) Astigmatism. Accommodation- possible
mechanism of accommodation- Schiener disc experiment- theories of
accommodation- modern theory- changes in the lens during accommodation- the
amplitude of accommodation- the measurement of the amplitude n of
accommodation- depth of field, luminance and blur tolerance- amplitude of
accommodation versus age. Presbiopia-near vision addition- estimate of addition-
unequal near vision addition- effect of changing the spectacle distance –
hypermetropia and accommodation.

 Lighting & The Eye- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of lighting &
the eye that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Eye and Vision: Spectroradiometric curve- Vλ -λ curve- photopic and scotopic
vision CIE standard observes.
Photometricquantities and units- Luminous Flux, Lumen- Illuminance, lux
Luminousintensity, Candela – Luminance, Candela/m2. Inverse square law and
Cosine law of illumination (Illuminance)
Photometry- LumerBrodhum photometer, Guild Flicker photometer- Photocells photo
multipliers – photodiodes-noise in physical photometers. Determination lighting of
Polar curve of lamps.

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Calculation- Application of inverse square law and Cosine law- Matt surfaces-
Lumen method of lighting design – utilization factor, light loss factor, Glare and glare
index- disability glare- discomfort glare- control of glare- contrast
Light sources- Special energy distribution- luminous efficacy- color rendering
properties- Flicker contracts- Daylight, its properties- color lamp – Incandescent
.lamps - low pressure Hg-lamps- High pressure Hglamps- Low-pressure NA- lamp- High
pressure NA-lamps- Typical applications.
Lighting Installation- Luminaries their design function up lighting – down lighting
mounting position- Choice of lighting equipment- lighting system management.
Recommended level of illuminance for various including those in optometry and
ophthalmology driving etc.
VDU- Design of work station – Flicker color contrast- Regulations regarding the use of
VDU.
Eye Protectors- their constructions standard relating to eye protection

OTE234: Clinical Refraction I - Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of clinical

refraction that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Ophthalmic Case Historian: Demographic data, chief complaints, secondary
complaints, ocular history, medical history, drugs and medications, family ocular
history, family medical history, social history, review of system, few example of history
writing.
Recording Visual Acuity: Distance – Snellens and log MAR. near-points/‘M‘/RS, use of
Baily-lovie word reading chart.
Objective Refraction: Streak Retinoscopy – all procedures to use streak
retinoscope; static and dynamic retinoscopy, different methods of dynamic
retinoscopy – MEM, Nott‘s, Sheard‘s, Low and high neutral, Bells, Cross, Taits. Other
methods of retinoscopy-Radical, near (Mahandra), Chromoretinoscopy, String
Lensbar, use of objective and autorefractor.
Subjective Refraction: Monocular Distance – Classic fogging, testing of
astigmatism under fog fixed astigmatic dial (clock dial), rotary astigmatic dial,
combination of fixed and rotary dial (Fan and Block test), J.C.C. Duochrome or
Bichrome, Binocular balancing – alternate occlusion, prism dissociation, dissociated
duochrome balance, Borish dissociated fogging, equalization
Binocular Distance – T.I.B. (Turville Infinity Balance), Polarized – Target and polarized
filter, fogging.
Near subjective refraction.
Cycloplegic refraction, cycloidemia, sudden unfogging, Borish delayed sPWrical
end point, pinhole estimation of refractive error, stenopaic slit refraction,
measurement of vertex distance, distometer, use of subjective autorefractor.
Different methods of measuring amplitude of accommodation.

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Correction of Presbyopia – Different methods of stimulation of tentative presbyopic
addition – amplitude of accommodation, J.C.C., NRA-PRA balance, Bichrome, Plus
Build-up, based on age,
Dynamic retinoscopy. Occupational consideration, finalization of odd for near and
intermediatedifferent options of correction.
Measurement of IPD and significance.
Final discussion with the patient.
Writing prescription of power and counseling

OTE235:Ophthalmic& Optical Instrumentation & Procedure I- Theory &

Practical
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ophthalmic &
optical instrumentation & procedure that will help the students meet the ultimate
objectives of this program.
Content:
Detailed study of the Principles of operation, types, optical properties,
constructions, adjustments and applications of the following Instruments and
Devices:
- Binoculars, telescopes and projectors.
- Simple and Compound Microscopes (with Huygens and Ramsden Eye
pieces and oil immersion objectives).
- Spectrometer.
- Radiuscope
- Retinoscopes
- Standard Tests Charts.
- Autorefractometer- subjective and objective types
- Opthalmoscopes- direct and indirect types.
- Refractometers- Auto refractors, Dioptron
- Slit lamp Biomicroscope
- Keratometer
- Lensometer
- Trial case lenses-best forms.
- Trial frame design.
- Cross cylinder.

OTE236 : Clinical Practice III(Optician shop)

OTE237: French for Medical Profession/English for Medical Profession/ICT 2

 French and English 3 credits (45 ours)
Objective: To develop communication skills in French language and English
and thus enhance nurse patient relationship as needed.

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Content:
1. Grammar
2. Different parts of the human body
3. Conversation in French as specific to health care
4. Conversation in English as specific to health care
5. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol
forms, drug dispensation notices
6. Drafting of reports
7. Documentation research
8. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French and English language.
9. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
- Drafting of researchtopics
- Dissertation on the professional articles
- Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
- Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
- Hospitals
- The Hardware
- The staff
- The Role
- The pathologies
- The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs

 Technique of information and communication 2

1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a
name to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce,
frequency) and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and
NB.If.ENS, Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires

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 12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

OTE241 :Physical Optics- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of physical optics

that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Dual nature of light- Simple harmonic motion- differential; Simple harmonic
waves- mathematical representation; Super position of simple harmonic waves.
HUYGENS‘ Principle – laws of reflection and refraction at plane and sPWrical
surfaces. Wave velocity & group velocity; determination of velocity of light (any one
method.)
Interference: Coherence; path and phase difference; Theory of interference
fringesintensity distribution infringes; Young‘s double slit experiment- Fresnels‘ biprism,
Lloyds‘ error experiments; visibility of fringes.
Interference in thin films due to reflected and transmuted light- Interference in
wedge Shaped films; Newton‘s ring experiment ; Color of thin films; Thin film
antireflection wating and filters.
Diffraction: Diffraction by single slit; double slit, multiple slit- grating, circular
aperture – amplitude & intensity distribution (final expressions only). Circular
aperture- airy pattern, resolution by circular apertures. Diffraction grating- reflection,
traasnussion , amplitude & phase gratings(definitions in brief). Grating dispersion
&dispersue power, spectral resolution; zone plates.
Polarization & Crystal Optics: Concept of polarization , linear , circular ,
elliptical polarization (qualitatively), Plane of polarization & vibration, degree of
polarization, polarizes, analyzers, Production of polarized light, birefringence,
calculate crystal , veal prism, Wallaston prism , retarders - full, half & quarter wave
plates, analysis of light of unknown. Polarization.Linear Scattering- Raleigh
&Mce.Principles of LASERs. Holography – basic principle; simple experimental
arrangement, some applications.

OTE242: Ocular Pathology and Microbiology- Theory & Practical /

Geometrical Optics- Theory & Practical

 Ocular Pathology and Microbiology- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ocular
pathology and microbiology that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives
of this program.
Content:
Structure & function of immune system – Structure and function of thymus,
spleen & red bone narrow- Immunity & its types , plasma proteins & immune

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reaction, cells involved in immune system. Humoral immunity theories of antibodies
formation.Structure & function of lymph nodes. Structure & function of thymus,
spleen & red bone narrow. Non specific immunity, Antibody mediated immunity,
specific immunity, cell modified immunity, Active immunity, Passive immunity.
The acute inflammatory reaction – changes in acute inflammation, changes
in the calibre of the blood vessels, changes in blood flow, changes associated with
exudation. Local sequelae of acute inflammation. The chemical mediators of acute
Inflammation & Repair: inflammation. Role of the mast cell in inflammation.Role of
the platelets in inflammation. Chronic inflammation – cause, classification, general
features. Source of infection.Transmission of organisms to the body.Wound infections.
Wound healing. Immuno-pathogenesis – type I, II, III & IV hypersensitivity. Mechanism
of autoimmunity.Organ specific & non organ specific auto immune disease.The
HCMA system – histocompatibility complex.Pyogenic & bacterial infection.Gralt
rejection-basic outline.
Disorder of growth – metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia.Circulatory disturbances –
thrombosis, infarction, ischemia, embolism.Degeneration (calcification).
Bacteria: Cell structure, elementary idea about classification and
morphological basis. Staining reactions: Gram staining, spore staining, acid fast
staining. Bacterial growth: nutritional requirements, physical factor affecting, culture
media, and growth curve. Elementary idea about bactericidal agents: PWnol,
alcohol.
Sterilization (principles, types & methods).Pasteurization. Antibiotics: Bacteriostatic
and bactericidal effects.
Virus: elementary knowledge of viral-morphology, viral genome and
classification, viral replication. Herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, miscellaneous viruses,
human immunodeficiency viruses.
Microbial growth & death, Laboratory culture, host pathogen interactions,
antimicrobial chemotherapy, pathogenic mechanisms common to external ocular
infections process – clinical pathology.
Physiology, pathology, treatment & epidemiology of infectious diseases caused by
bacteria, virus, fungi & parasitic organisms with emphasis to disease with ocular
manifestations & infectious eye diseases in hot climate as in Cameroon. AIDS & eye.

 Geometrical Optics- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of geometrical

optics that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
What is light- dual nature- particle & wave nature, speed, wave length &
frequency of light?
Fermats‘ principle- laws of relation & refraction at a plane surface using Fermats‘
principle.
Snells‘ law, relative and absolute refractive indices, total internal reflection and

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Critical angle, refraction by plane parallel slab of glass; molecular basis of
reflectively (basic index).
Geometrical path length & optical path length of rays, Concept of wave
fronts & rays, concept of vergence /divergence, convergence.
Refraction by sPWrical surfaces- convex & concave, Derivation of vergence
equation, focal points, deportee power, image point, lateral & axial magnification,
simple numerical.
Thin Lens- shapes, derivation of lens makers‘ formula, thin lens vergece equation,
equivalent focal length of two thin lenses separated by a distance & placed in
contact, lateral magnification of thin lenses in contact, simple numerical, concept
of reduced systems.
Thick Lens- Cardinal Points& planes, front & back vertex power, matrix theory in
paraxial Optics to locate positions of cardinal planes. Different types of aberrations
& their effects.
Prism- Dispersion of prism, reflecting prisms, prisms diopters.
Geometrical theory of optical fibers.Uses of optical fibers.

OTE 243: Visual Optics II- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of visual optics

that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Correction of ametropia
Correction of myopia- spectacle refraction (F) – ocular refraction (K) – Relationship
between F and K. correction of hypermetropia- the effect of vertex distance
change. Correction of ametropia with Thick lenses.Some problems involving K.
Clear and blurred images in the reduced and simplified schematic eyes.The visual
axis. Pupil size and blur disc diameter. Depth of field .retinal image size in
uncorrected reduced eye.Spectacle magnification in reduced and corrected
eyes.Nodal points and clear image size.Retinal images with a near object.Spectacle
magnification in near vision.The simple magnifier.Relative spectacle
magnification.Correction of sPWrical ampetropia with contact lens.Spectacle
magnification with a contact lens.
Ammetropia in the actual human eye.The growth of the human eye in
emmetropia.SPWrical ametropia in adult eye.Genetic aspects of refractive error.
Summary of the causative factors involved in ametropia. Progressive
myopia.Juvenile stress myopia.
Aphakia.Reflective error in aphakia.The retinal image size in aphakia.Correction of
aphkia by a contact lens.Use of an intracocular implant.Power of the implant and
retinal image size.Clinical aspects of aphakia.
Astigmatism.Oblique astigmatism.Astigmatism in the reduced eye.The retinal images
of point and extended objects.Classification of astigmatism.Correction of
astigmatism by sPWro- cylindrical, toric and contact lenses.

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Retinoscopy – principle and use. Clinical recording of standard of vision-visual
acuity.
Review of subjective refractive methods. Problem of review of objective refractive
methods Crosscylindrical method of detecting astigmatism
Eye as an imaging instrument.Schematic eyes.Diffraction and the eye.Image
formation in wave optics.
Aberrations of the lens and cornea.Chromatic aberration of the eye.Optical
performance of the eye.Total performance of the eye.Variation of visual
performance with focus. Contrast sensivity of the eye.

OTE244 :Clinical Refraction II - Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of clinical

refraction that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
- Assessment of children Vision &Paediatric evaluation, diagnosis &
management.
- Strabismus &Aniblyopia.
- Non- StrabismicBiuoculan Disorders.
- Neuro- Optometric Rehabilitation.
- Evaluation, Diagnosis & Optometric management of children with
mental retardation C.P. Dyslexia, Multiple Sensory Motor Handicap.
- Visual Disorders in senior citizens, evaluation, diagnosis+ management.
- Sports vision.
- Refraction in special cases (pseudophakia, aphakia, irregular corneal
astigmatism, coloboma of iris, choroids, retina, nystagmus, post R.K.,
PRK, LASIK)
- Congenital cataract, glaucoma.
- Patient with low vision.
- Patient with anisometropia (Anisokonia)
- Monocular & binocular subjective refraction.

OTE245: Ophthalmic & Optical Instrumentation & Procedure II- Theory &
Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ophthalmic

& optical instrumentation & procedure that will help the students meet the ultimate
objectives of this program.
Content:
- Principles, clinical use (methods) & significance of following instruments:
- Tonometer – Principles, types, clinical importance as a routine
procedure (application)
- Pachometer – Principles, types, clinical importance

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 - Devices for color vision testing – CS testing / Glare testing.
- Ultrasonography – (A scan, B scan) – Principles and application.
- F.F.A – Principles and demonstration of film.
- PAM – Principles and importance.
- Perimeter – Basics of perimetry – Humphray instruments, automated
perimetry – basics, types (names), interpretation of normal Glaucoma
Field of Definition.
- LASER – Introduction – Einstein co-efficient, population inversion.
- Different types of LASER (mention) – Excimer, Lasik
- Nd-yag, Argon, Diode, He-Ne gas LASER, Xenon.
- LASER safety, Ophthalmic LASER application (Argon, Yag).

OTE246: Clinical Practice IV and Introduction to Operational Research

Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:

- Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and be
able to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and
approaches in qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through the
use of valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the research
questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for these
in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate choice
and application of statistical testing to assess this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or group
research.

Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research:
Purposiveness, Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision,
generalizability, objectivity); Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories,
deductive & inductive reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions
Elements of the Scientific Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question,
Hypotheses, Experiments, Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:

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 Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and
applied, Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research,
Conceptual vs Empirical Research, Etc.

OTE247: Biostatistics I - Health Information Systems

 Biostatistics I
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical
information.
Content:
 Mathematics
1. Percentages, rates, proportions, simple and compound interest, discount
2. The electronic calculator
Basic Algebra
1. Algebraic expressions
2. Functions
3. Linear and Simultaneous Equations
4. Graphs of Functions
5. Quadratic Equations
6. Arithmetic and Geometric progressions
 Biostatistics
1. Introduction
2. Basic concepts in biostatistics
3. Sampling techniques and data collection
4. Variables ( Qualitative and Quantitative)
5. Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
6. Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median, standard
deviations and standard errors.
 Health Information System
Objective: After going through the course, the students should be able to:
- Define the main Concepts and Terminologies used in Health Management
Information Systems.
- Describe the various components of a health information system
- Know the different sources and type of data for a health Information system.
- Undertake Health Data Management to provide health information capable
of guiding the planners and stakeholders in health care delivery system.
- Understand the foundational basis for the National Health Management
Information System Policy
- Describe Project cycle, Monitoring tools and Evaluation of health projects and
programs.
Content:

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 Introduction: Definition of Concepts and Terminologies-data, information,
management, health, system, health system, health information, health information
system.
Determinants of health: Socio-economic Situations, Demographic Situation,
Epidemiological Situation, Health Resources, Human Capital, Health Services,
Sectoral Situations: Education, Agriculture, Mineral Resources, Water Resources,
Transport, etc.
Components of health information systems: Health information resources, Health
Indicators, data management, information product, Disease surveillance,
monitoring, evaluation.
Health Data Management (Data management cycle (Data collection, Analyses,
Reporting, Dissemination, Data use): Characteristics of good Data , Types and
Sources of Health Data, Methods of Data Collection & some Standard Forms for
Health information , Challenges of Health Data Collection, Basics of Data Processing
and Analysis (computer –based & paper-based).
National Health Management Information Systems: Challenges and strategies
Monitoring and Evaluation: Programme cycle; Characteristics of Health
programme monitoring system (Data collection, Analyses, Reporting, Dissemination.
Data use)

OTE351: Ocular Disease I (Anterior Segment Disease)

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ocular

disease that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Anterior segment ocular diseases involving orbit, eyelids, adnexa, conjunctiva,
cornea, urea, sclera, anterior chamber, iris and lens. Symptomatology, clinical signs,
diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, systemic disease relationships and
treatment of degenerative, infections and inflammatory conditions affecting these
structures.
Disease of the Lids – Congenital Deformities of the Lids .Oedema of the
Lids.Inflammatory Conditions of the Lids.Deformities of the Lid Margins.Deranged
Movement of the Eyelids. Neoplasm‘s of the Lids. Injuries of the Lids.
Diseases of the Lachrymal Apparatus-. Dry Eye. Disease of the Lachrymal
Gland.Disease of the Lachrymal Passages.Operations for Chronic Dacryocystitis.
Disease of the Conjunctiva- SubconjunctivaLaemorrhage Infective
Conjunctivitis.Follicular Conjunctivitis.Granulomatous Conjunctivitis.Allergic
Conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis Associated with Skin conditions. Degenerative
conditions of the Conjunctiva. Vitamin- A Deficiency. Cysts and Tumours of the
Conjunctiva.ConjunctivalPigmentation.Injuries of the Conjunctiva.
Disease of the Cornea –Congenital Anomalies.Inflammation of the Cornea
(Keratitis).Superficial Keratitis.Deep Keratitis.Vascularisation of Cornea.Opacities of
the Cornea.Keratoplasty.Corneal Degenerations.Corneal Dystrophy‘s.Corneal

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Pigmentation.Corneal Injuries.Refractive Corneal Surgery. Corneal Ulcer
(Bacterial,Viral,Fungal)
Disease of the Sclera- Episcleritis.Scleritis.Staphyloma of the Sclera. Blue Sclerotic
Scleromalacia Performs. Nanophthalmos.Injuries of the Sclera.
Disease of the Iris.-. Congenital Anomalies.Inflammations (Anterior Uveitis).Specific
Types of Iriodocyclitis.Degenerations of the Iris.Cysts and Tumours of the Iris.Injuries of
the Iris.
Disease of the Celery Body- Inflammations of the Celery Body.Purulent Iriodocyclitis
(Panophthalmitis).Evisceration.Sympathetic Opthalmia.Vogt- Koyanagi – Harada
Syndrome.Tumours of the Celery body.Injuries of the Celery body.
Glaucoma- .Formation of Aqueous Humor.Drainage of Aqueous.Intraocular Pressure
(IOP).Ocular Rigidity.
Tonography..Developmental Glaucoma (Buphthalmos).Primary Narrow Angle
Glaucoma. Primary
Open Angle Glaucoma. Normotensive Glaucoma.Ocular Hypertension.Secondary
Glaucoma.
Surgical Procedures for Glaucoma (Steps Only), YOGPI, trabeculectomy.Laser
Procedure in Glaucoma.
Artificial Drainage Devices in Glaucoma Surgery (Molteno).
Disease of the Lens- Congenital Malformations.Cataract.Congenital and
Developmental Cataract.Senile Cataract.Traumatic Cataract.Complicated
Cataract.Secondary Cataract.After Cataract.Dislocation of the Lens.
SurgicalProcedures for Removal of the Lens (Operative Steps Only).
Phacoemulsification (ICCE, ECCE, IOL).Small Incision Cataract Surgery (Manual
Phaco).Intraocular Lens Implantation-AC+PC, IOL.

OTE 352 :Binocular Vision & Ocular Mortality, Health Care Management
 Binocular Vision & Ocular Mortality
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of binocular
vision & ocular motality that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this
program.
Content:
Grades of binocular vision-simultaneous perception (first grade of binocular
vision), fusion, and steropsis (third grade of binocular single vision). Advantages of
binocular vision.Visual direction and the horopter_visual direction, corresponding
point and normal retinal correspondence, horopter, physiologic diplopia. Binocular
fusion-panum‘sarea,fixationdisparity,theories of binocular fusion,synergy hypothesis
of panum,local sign hypothesis of hering,eye movement hypothesis of
helmholts,suppession hypothesis of du tour and verhoeff,physiologic basis of fusion.
Dihoptic stimulation-depth with fusion and depth with diplopia, diplopia without
depth, retinalrivary and suppretion, binocularlusure.Stropsis-physiologicalbasis of
stereopsis, local and global stereopsis and fusion, stereopsis acuity neurophysiology
of stereopsis.

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Depth perception-steropsis,nonstereoscopiccluestoyhe perception of depth under
binocular condition,monocular clues (non stereoscopic clues to spetial orientation)-
parallactic movements, linear perspectiveoveriay of contours,sizedistance from
horizon ,distribution of higHCMights, shadow, shades and light .aerial
perspective,influence of accommodation and convergence on depth perception,
conclusion. Integration of the motor and sensory system into binocular vision.
Binocular defects: Binocular optical defects-anisometropia-vision in anisometropia,
treatment, Binocular optical defects-aniseikoniasymtoms, clinical investigatoin,
treatment. Binocular muscular co-ordination-orthophoria-binocular vision.
Binocular muscular anomalies-heterophoria-the causes of imbalance, exophoria,
esophoria, hyperphoria, cyclophoria, symptoms of heterophoria,
treatment.Binocular muscular anomalis-heterotropia—the vision in concomitant
strabismus, treatment. Binocular muscular co-ordination-convergence-voluntary and
reflex convergence, reflex convergence, the measurement of convergence, the
relation between accommodation and convergence, binocular accommodation,
fatigue of convergence. Binocular muscular anomalies-anomalies of convergence
and other reading difficulties—insufficiency of convergence, convergence excess,
the ophthalmologist and the reading ability of children.

Binocular Vision Test:

Test for simultaneous macular perception, test for fusion, test for stereopsis-
synoptophore or stereoscope test, vectograph test, titmus stereo
test,randomdotsterogramtest,simple motor task test based on stereopsis.
Eye movements: the orbit anatomy of the extraocular muscles. Interactive
dynamics of orbital mechanisms & brain stem neurophysiology – out line of extra
ocular muscle control. Extra ocular muscles-their function & nerve supply. Mechanics
of actions of extra ocular muscles -cross sectional area of muscle, length of
muscle.Arc of contact, muscle plane, Muscle axis of rotation.
Physiology of ocular movement – Basic Kinematics, ( position of gaze, Fick‘s axes)
Ocular movements - Monocular Movements ( Adduction, Abduction, supraduction,
Infraduction, Incycloduction, excycloduction). Binocular Movements –VERSIONS-
(saccadic & pursuit movement, position maintenance movements, stabilization
movements & their characteristics). VERGENCES – (Convergence, divergence,
vertical vengeance), Supra nuclear control of eye movements.( the superior colliculi,
the occipital cortex, the psycho optical reflexes & fixation.
Oculomotor system: vestibular – ocular reflexes, optokinetic reflexes. Diagnosis
& clinical aspects of ocular anomalies & disorders.
Converge through a spectacle lens. Prismatic effects in spectacle lenses.

The Cameroon Health organization

Missions of health units in the National territory: Health centers, district hospitals,
Central hospitals, University teaching hospitals, private, lay, and denominational
hospitals and clinics,

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Relationship with health, national and international poverty-control organizations
(other ministries, donors, international organizations, NGOs, associations),
Economic and financial management.Management of personnel, staff planning,
and in service training, Management of nursing care and drugs.
- Legislation applying to health units
- Economic and financial management
- Management of personnel, staff planning, and in service training,
- Management of nursing care and drugs.
- Characteristics of an administrative document, Administrative letter writing.
- Report writing, Forwarding slip and Forwarding letter
- Public and private administrative letters and The memorandum
- Administrative note, various administrative forms, the pay voucher.
- Status of the staff of the Ministry of Public Health and Higher education
- Trade unions and Associations: the right to strike.

OTE353: Contact Lens I - Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of contact lens that
will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
- Contact lens history & development. Benefits of contact lens over spectacle.
Manufacturing methods-spin cast, Lethe cut, Cast modeling.
- Slit lamp Examination technique
- Corncal topography- Keratometry& Extended Keratometry
- Contact lensoptics-Contact lens& spectacle lens. Back vertex calculation.
Contact lens & Tear lens system.
- Classification of contact lens & its material (soft&RGP); Material property.
- Contact lens terminology. RGP & soft lens design. FDA classification of contact
lens material.
- Patient selection & prescreening. Indications & contra indications of contact
lens.
- Soft sPWrical contact lens fitting &Assesment.
- Soft contact lens case & maintenance.
- SPWrical RGP contact lens fitting & assessment.
- RGP contact lens care & maintenance.

OTE354: Ophthalmic Lens & Dispensing Optics- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ophthalmic
lens & dispensing optics that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of
this program.
Content:
Ophthalmic lens:
Characteristics of lenses: Introduction. SPWrical lenses. Plano-
cylindricallenses.SPWro-cylindricallenses.Designation of lens power.Power of

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lenses.Transposition. Write the prescription. Base curve of sPWrical lens.Base curve of
cylindrical single vision lens.Aberration of lens.Prism prescription.Prism effects in a
lens.Neutralization.
Spectacle lenses: Characteristics of lens materials. Specific gravity
(weight).Refractive index.Abbe number.Impact resistance. Scratch resistance.
Curve variation factor.
Current materials: Crownglass. CR-39. High –index glass. High –index plastic. Poly
carbonate.Photo chromatic materials.
Lens types: Single vision lens. Bi-focal lenses. Tri-focal lenses. Vocational &
occupational multifocal progressive lenses.
Introduction of bi-focal lenses: History of bi-focal lenses. Modern bi-focal
designs.Types of bi-focal designs.Glass tri-focal lenses.Invisible multi-focal Double
segment lens.Plastic bi-focals.
Opthalmic lens coating: Anti-reflecting coatings. Special notes concerning
anti-reflecting coatings.Protective coating, color coating.
Absorptive lenses: Classification of lens tints. Chemical that produces color & assist in
absorptive characteristics of glass lenses. Effect in prescription on lens
color.Availability of tinted lenses.
Impact resistant lenses: Types of impact resistant lenses. Plastic lenses. Impact
resistant Dress-Eye wear lenses. Tempered glass lenses.Types of impact resistant
lenses most beneficial of specific patients.
Lens for special uses: Fresnel lenses. Thinlite lenses. Lenses for the Aphakic
patient. AsPWric lenses.
Lens surfacing & quality. Principles of lens surface generation. Glass
assessment.Faults in lens materials & lens surface.Inspection of lens quality.
Basics of dispensing:
Spectacle frame
Current frame materials: Plastics, Metals
Frame types: Combination of frames, Half-eye frames, Mounts, Nylon-cord
frame, Special purpose frames.
Frame measurements: The boxing system, the datum system, Comparison of
the two systems, Lens position, and Segment specification
Frame Selection: Fashion, Function, Feel, Conflicting needs, Price, Standard
alignment
Lens Selection: Ground rule for selection, Selection criteria
Facial Measurement: The PD, Visual axes, Measuring inter papillary distance,
Using PD ruler, Common difficulties in measuring PDs, Measuring monocular PD,
Measuring near PD
Measuring heights: Single vision, Multi focal, Bi-focal, Progressive
Pediatric Dispensing: The changing image of spectacle, Age differences,
Frame Selection, Technical Criteria, Fashion criteria, some tips on selection, Lens
Selection, Technical criteria, communicating with kids, the kids‘ corner, Facial
measurement of the kids, PDs, Centers, Bi-focals

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 Dealing with problems: Dealing with clients, Common client problems, dealing
with professional colleagues, dealing with the laboratories
Special needs dispensing: Occupational dispensing, Hazards in the work
place, Occupational health safety legislation, Common hazards.
Eye protection: Industrial eye protection, Sport, Standards covering eye
protection, Lens materials & impact resistance, Frame & eye protection.
OTE355: Low Vision Aids & Visual Rehabilitation- Theory & Practical
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of low vision aids &
visual rehabilitation that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this
program.

Content:
- Definition-old, new, proposed
- Grades of low vision
- Statistics/ Epidemiology
- Relation between disorder, impairment & handicapped
- Low vision optics
- Magnification-relative distance/ relative size/ approach/angular Optics of
Galilian&Keplarian telescope- advantage/disadvantage, significance of exit
& entrance pupil.
- Optics of spectacle magnifier/ determination/ calculation/
disadvantage/advantage.
- Optics of stand magnifier, significance of equivalent viewing distance &
calculations.
- Telescope- distance/ near/ telemicroscope/ monocular/ binocular/ bioptic.
- Determination of decentration of lenses /prism/calculation/Lebenson‘s
formula/simple diotric formula.
- Hand held magnifier-illuminated/ non-illuminated.
- Spectacle magnifier / half eye/ prism correction/ bar magnifier/ CCTV/
magni-cam/ low vision imaging system or V-max / contact lens & IOL
telescope.
- Low vision examination: Task/ Goal oriented history-medical/ visual/
psychological history/ task analysis/ mobility/ distance vision/ near vision /
daily living/ illumination/ work &school. Visual acuity measurement-distance/
near/ use of log MAR chart (distance& near)/ light house, picture chart/ visual
field/ Amsler chart/ contrast sensitivity/ overview of glare testing. Low vision
refraction.
- Assessment & prescription of low vision devices-optical/ non-optical/
rehabilitation services. Non- optical devices-pen/umbrella/ boldline note
book/ illumination/ letter writer/ environmental modification/ signature guide/
needle threader/ eccentric viewing strategies.
- Overview of Rehabilitation Services:- definition/ implementation/ vocational
guidance/ educational guidance/ mobility & orientation training / special

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 teacher/ special school/ Braille system/ integrated system/referral center-
activity/ support/ loan.
- Overview of systematic / retinal diseases in relation to low vision:-
acromatopsia/ LMBB, syndrome/ labers congenital anomaly/ down
syndrome/ retinitis pigmentosa/ diabetic retinopathy/ optic atrophy/ albinism/
aniridia.
- Counseling of low vision patient/ parents/ guardians/relatives.

OTE356: Clinical Internship V(Optical department)

OTE357: Medical Law and Biostatistics II

 Medical Law
Objective: To know the components of medical law.
Content:
- Chapter one: criminal law
- Chapter two: criminal responsibility
- Chapter three: labour law
- Chapter four: some rights of the employee under the labour rule
- Chapter five: civil status registration
- Chapter six: right of women and children under the code
- Chapter seven: tort
- Chapter eight: inheritance, succession and wills
- Chapter night: introduction to human right
- Chapter ten: some international right instruments
Biostatistics II
Content
1. The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
2. Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution, Chi
squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
3. Errors in statistics
OTE361: Ocular Disease II (Posterior &Neuro-Eye Disease)
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of ocular
diseases that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
Diseases of the Vitreous Humor- Congenital Anomalies.Vitreous Opacities. Hereditary
Vitreo – Retinal Degeneration‘s. Vitreous Haemorrhage .Detachment of Vitreous
Humor.Vitreous Surgery.
Methods of clinically assessing the posterior segment (direct & indirect
opthalmoscopy)
Disease of the Retina- Congenital & Dev. Defects.Inflammation of the Retina
(Retinitis).Retinal Vasculitis .Oedema of the Retina.Haemorrhage of the
Retina.Vascular Occlusion.Retinal Arteriosclerosis.Retinopathies.Retinal

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Telangiectasis. Degeneration‘s of the Retina. Detachment of the Retina.Surgical
Procedures for Retinal Detachment .Tumours of the Retina. Phakomatoses, Injuries of
the Retina.
Disease of the Optic Nerve- Congenital Anomalies.Papilloedema.Inflammation of
the Optic Nerve (Optic-Neuritis).Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy.Optic
Atrophy.Tumours of the Optic Nerve.Injuries of the Optic Nerve.
Symptomatic Disturbances of Visual Function – Visual Field
Defects.Amblyopia.Amaurosis.Night Blindness.Day Blindness.Defects in Color
Vision.Congenital Word Blindness.Malingering.
Neuro –eye disease: Evaluation of optic nerve disease. Clinical features of optic
nerve dysfunction. Optic disc changes.Optic atrophy.Special
investigation.Classification of optic neuritis.Optic neuritis and demyelination.
Systemic features of multiple sclerosis, Special investigation. Optic neuritis.Other
causes of optic neuritis; Parainfectious optic neuritis.Infectious optic neuritis.Non-
arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.Arteritic anterior ischaemic optic
neuropathy. Clinical features of giant cell arteritis. Special investigation.Arteritic
anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.Leber hereditary optic neuropathy; hereditary
optic atrophies; Kjer syndrome.Behr syndrome. Wolfram syndrome; Alcohol-tobacco
amblyopia; Drug-induced optic neuropathies; PAPILLOEDEMA: Raised intracranial
pressure - Causes. Hydrocephalus. Systemic features. Clinical features of
papilloedema. Differential diagnosis. CONGENITAL OPTIC NERVE ANOMALIES:
Without neurological associations, with neurological associations, Optic disc
coloboma. PUPILLARY REACTION: Applied anatomy. Abnormal pupillary reactions;
NYSTAGMUS: Classifications and Causes; SUPRANUCLEAR DISORDER OF EYE
MOVEMENTS: Conjugate eye movements, Supranuclear gaze palsies; III, IV and VI
THIRD NERVE DISEASE: Applied anatomy and Clinical; DISORDERS OF CHIASM,
DISORDERS OF RETROCHIASMAL PATHWAYS AND CORTEX, OCULAR MYOPATHIES
AND RELATED DISORDERS, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

OTE362: Health Economics, Systemic Condition &The Eye

 Health Economics
Objective:
- This course is an introduction to Health Economics.
- It is meant to give Health science students basic principles regarding
economics and its application to the health sector.
- This course focuses on issues relating to scarcity in the allocation of health
resources
- It exposes students to basic theoretical and conceptual frameworks from
economics that enable them to analyze the functioning of a health system
critically.
- Importantly, they will learn how to apply economic theories of demand,
supply, and markets.

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 Content
Unit 1. Introduction to Health Economics:
Definition of basic concepts: Health, Healthcare, Economics, Efficiency, Scarcity,
Health Economics, opportunity cost, etc
Unit 2. Basic concepts of supply and demand analysis:
Definition of Demand and supply, Demand curve, supply curve, Market Equilibrium
Elasticity of demand & supply.
Unit 3Health care market:
General features of the health Care: Perspectives of Health, Distinctive
characteristics of the health Care services, Equity and health care, Demand for
health care, Supply of health care, Health and Economic Development
Unit 4. Cost Concepts & Economic Evaluation:
Definition of Cost, Types of costs, Types of Economic Evaluation
Unit 5. Health Care Financing & Resource Allocation:
Definition of the health sector Financing, Factors influencing health care Financing,
Sources of National Health care financing systems. Barriers to access of heath care.
Unit 6 Resource allocation:
Definition, Reasons for resource allocation in health care, Rationing in health care:
Ethics and levels of rationing - Ethical theories: Utilitarian, Deontological, Rawlsian,
Implicit and explicit rationing, Efficiency& Equity in resource allocation, Levels of
resource allocation:
Unit 7 Macro- allocation (global, National, Allocating resources to healthcare versus
other social needs. Allocating resources within the healthcare sector,
Micro: Allocating resources among individual patients.
Factors Complicate Ethical Resource Allocation Decisions
Unit 8 The Role Of Government In Health: Problems of health policy & possible
strategies.
• Approaches to allocation: Need based analysis, economic evaluation
analysis,
• Other countries‘ approaches: Oregon Health Plan
• New Zealand, UK,

 Systemic Condition & the Eye

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of systemic
condition & the eye that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this
program.
Content:
Arterial Hypertension and the eye.Diabetes mellitus and the eye.Heart disease
& the eye.Neoplasia and the eye.Eye and connective tissue disease.Diagnosis,
complications, clinical features, Thyroid disease involving eye.Tuberculosis involving
the eye. Tropical Disease and the Eye: Leprosy, Syphilis, Malaria; Vitamin deficiency
and the eye; Neurological disease and the eye: Classification of neurological

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diseases. Demyelinating diseases, Visual pathway lesions, Papiloedema.Genetic
disorders and the eye.Phacomatoses& the eye.

OTE363: Contact Lens II- Theory & Practical

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of contact lens
that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this program.
Content:
- Contact lens fitting in astigmatism.
- Contact lens fitting in keratokoOTE.
- Contact lens fitting in children.
- RGP lenses – low D.K. and high D.K. lenses.
- Instructions regarding handling and care of lenses.
- Cosmetic and prosthetic contact lenses.
- Extended wear lenses versus Daily wear
- Disposable lenses
- Contact lens – Toric, Bifocal, Multifocal.
- Therapeutic lenses / Bandage lenses.
- Contact lens solutions – principle of action, compositions
- Ordering contact lenses – writing prescription to the lab.
- Contact lens – modifications of finished lenses (RGP).
- Checking the parameters.
- Recent advances in contact lenses.
- Follow up examinations
- Contact lens complications and their management.
- Prosthetic eye fitting procedures & conformers.

OTE364: Public Health & Community Optometry

Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of public
health & community optometry that will help the students meet the ultimate
objectives of this program.
Content:
- Concept of public health.
- Principles of primary, secondary and tertiary care.
- Planning of health services.
- Health economics
- Health manpower development-Basic O.T Practices, Familiarity with use
of Operating Microscope
- NPCB and refractive blindness – optometrist‘s role as primary health
care provides.
- Health cares insurance including role of PHA.
- Ocular emergencies – Foreign body, Eye Pain, Watering, Injuries-
perforating, non perforating& chemical.

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OTE365:Applied Optometry &Orthoptics- Theory & Practical
Objective: The objective of this course is to provide knowledge of applied
optometry &orthoptics that will help the students meet the ultimate objectives of this
program.
Content:
- Demonstration of following Orthoptic instruments/methods and their
uses – Prism Bar, Synoptophore, Maddox Wing, Maddox Rod, Red Green
Goggles, RAF Gauge, Cover test, Hirschberg test, Krimsky test, Diplopia
charting, Visuoscopy, Accommodative flipper
- Orthoptic Investigative & Therapeutic Procedure.
- Case records.
- Case Handling

OTE366: Clinical Internship VI / Operational Research II

 Operational Research II
Content:
Research strategies and design: Descriptive study designs: types of descriptive
studies (case report, case series & cross sectional, ecological) and their application,
strengths and limitations;
Case seriesExperimental versus observational strategies; Analytical
Observational studies (cross sectional, cohort and case studies); Analytical
interventional studies (Experiments and Quassi experiments: clinical trials
Data collection methods & Techniques/Tools: Types of data in health research,
sources of data, qualitative & quantitative methods: interviews (structured, semi-
structured, unstructured); Focus groups, surveys, etc. Questionnaire Design;
Definition, types of questionnaires, format, Language and wording style, Sequencing
of questions, coding response to questions, length of questionnaire, general lay
out;etc.

OTE367: Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know
those values and obligations which practice in the profession.
Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse,
rights of the patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics,
etiquettes, patient reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical
jurisprudence, lab practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice,malpractice,
civic duties, organization of Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal
Law,etc.
Content:
Ethics for laboratory students
1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics

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 3. MLS Ethics
4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence,
Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of
The Elderly, Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
o Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners
o MLS and the law
C Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights
Law
o Sources of law
o Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
o The concept of legal personality
o Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
o Criminal responsibility
o The court and their jurisdictions
o Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee,
termination of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics

1. The objective of training

The mission of this program is to train qualified prosthetics and orthotics technicians
capable of providing holistic high quality prosthetics and orthotics services in diverse
clinical and academic settings locally, nationally and internationally. Our aim
therefore, is geared towards training young men and women who have the
vocation embedded in them and are ready to earn a living and also to save lives.
2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible and reflective;
- Have gestural skills and interpersonal skills;
- Be able to communicate easily both in writing and orally;
- Recognize your emotions and use them with the necessary professional
skills;
- Master the computer tool and ICT;
- Have proven trust and confidence;
- Have critical ability and questioning;
- Develop an ethical and a professional normal;
- make thoughtful decisions;
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the well-defined fields of its
function.
 Specific skills
The student should be able to:
- Fabricate and make custom fitting of artificial limbs and orthopedic
braces;
- Handle patient Assessment, formulation of the orthotic/prosthetic
treatment plan, implementation of the treatment plan, and perform the
necessary procedures to deliver the appropriate orthotic/prosthetic
services including fabrication;
- Follow-up treatment plans, provide continuing patient care and
periodic evaluation to assure/maintain/document optimal fitness and
function of the orthosis/prosthesis;
- Master the health policy and evolution as well as the issues of the
sectoral health strategy in Cameroon and health legislation;
- Draw instruments and their uses.
3. Outlets
- Rehabilitations centers,
- Clinics/hospitals

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 - Public function;
- Hospitals and private clinics;
- NGO (Non Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- Occupational Medicine
4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics
CODE Hourly Volume Number
Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total
Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Anatomy-Physiology I /Cell Biology –
PRO 111 45 20 5 5 60 4
Histology
PRO 112 Microbiology I : Bacteriology-Parasitology 35 15 5 5 75
5
/General Chemistry & Biochemistry
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Fundamentals of Nursing I : Overview-
PRO 113 35 15 5 5 60 4
Concepts-History-Theories
Social Sciences I : Medical Sociology,
PRO 114 45 20 5 5 75 5
Anthropology & Psychology
Fundamentals Of Nursing II: Human
PRO 115 30 5 5 5 45 3
Development Across The Life Span
PRO 116 Clinical Placement I(immersion) / / 70 20 90 6
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
- Bilingual training
PRO 117 25 5 10 5 45 3
- ICT I
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PRO 121 Anatomy-Physiology II 45 20 5 5 75 5
Microbiology II: Virology-Mycology-
PRO 122 35 15 5 5 60 4
Immunology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Fundamentals Of Nursing III: Nursing
PRO 123 45 20 5 5 75 5
Sciences and First Aid
Public Health: Epidemiology-
PRO 124 Demography-Environmental Sanitation 30 5 5 5 45 3
& Health Promotion
PRO 125 Medical Nursing I 35 10 10 5 60 4
PRO 126 Clinical Placement II(immersion) / / 70 20 90 6
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
- French and English for Medical
PRO 127 Profession II 30 6 9 45 3
- ICT II
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PRO 231 Material And Workshop Technology 45 20 5 5 75 5
Applied Mechanics & Strength of
PRO 232 35 15 5 5 60 4
Materials
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PRO 233 Engineering Drawing 25 10 5 5 45 3
PRO 234 Biomechanics – I 25 10 5 5 45 3
Prosthetics Science- I, Orthotics Science –
PRO 235 55 10 20 5 90 6
I
Clinical Placement III(rehabititations
PRO 236 / / 70 20 90 6
centers)
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
PRO 237 Professional Ethics and Deontology 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total
Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Fundamentals Of Electricity &
PRO 241 35 15 5 5 60 4
Electronics
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation,
PRO 242 45 20 5 5 75 5
Orthopaedics & Amputation Surgery
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PRO 243 Biomechanics - II 45 20 5 5 75 5
PRO 244 Prosthetics Science- II 35 15 5 5 60 4
PRO 245 Orthotics Science – II 25 10 5 5 45 3

- Clinical
PlacementIV(rehabilitations
PRO 246 centers) / / 70 20 90 6
- Introduction to Operational
Research
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
- Biostatistics I
PRO 247 25 10 5 5 45 3
- Health Information Systems
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

Semester 5
Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics

CODE Hourly Volume Number

Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
PRO 351 P & O Workshop Management 35 15 5 5 60 4
Mobility & Rehabilitation Aids, Health Care
PRO 352 50 15 5 5 75 5
Management
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PRO 353 Biomechanics – III 35 15 5 5 60 4
PRO 354 Prosthetics Science- III 35 15 5 5 60 4
PRO 355 Orthotics Science – III 35 15 5 5 60 4
PRO 356 Clinical Placement V (rehabilitation center) / / 70 20 90 6
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Medical Law, Legal and Occupational
PRO 357 30 5 5 5 45 3
Health and Biostatistics II
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

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Semester 6

Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Prosthetics and Orthotics

Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Prosthetics Clinical Practice, Orthotics Clinical
PRO 361 10 15 60 5 90 6
Practice,
PRO 362 Health Economics 30 5 5 5 45 3
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
PRO 363 Computer in Prosthetics and Orthotics 35 15 5 5 60 4
PRO 364 Prosthetics Science- IV 35 16 4 5 60 4
PRO 365 Orthotics Science – IV 35 16 4 5 60 4
Clinical Placement VI(determined by the
PRO 366 / / 70 20 90 6
title of project)
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Ethics & Civic Education
PRO 367 25 10 5 5 45 3
Research Project
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

PRO111: Anatomy and Physiology I -Cell Biology - Histology

 Anatomy Physiology -1: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Nervous System
- The organization of the nervous system: central nervous system,
periPWral nervous system, autonomic nervous system (the systems
parasympathetic and sympathetic);
- The structure of the nervous tissue;
- The nerve endings; - the operation of neurons; - the reflexes.
2. The Endocrine System
- The hormones;
- Thyroid and parathyroid glands;
- The pituitary and hypothalamus; - the adrenal glands; - the
pancreas.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye: the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- The sense of smell;
- The taste;
- The touch.

PRO112: Microbiology I: Bacteriology-Parasitology / General Chemistry &

Biochemistry
 Bacteriology-Parasitology

Objective: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of microorganism.

Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be able to:
 Have a general notion of Microorganisms
 Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to humans
 Differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotes
 Perform Preliminary basic laboratory techniques for identifying
Microorganisms

Content:
General introduction to microbiology
- Importance of Microbes
- Cell types: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- History of Development of MCB
- Structure and Function of a Composite Bacteria cell
- Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
- Criteria used for classification of Microorganisms
Parasitology:
Introduction to Parasitology

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  Definition of some terminologies used in Parasitology
 Transmission and diseases caused by parasites
 Classification and characteristics of parasites
 Life cycles of some parasites (aetiologic agent, mode of transmission, infective
and diagnostic stages)e.gEntamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia,
Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmaniaspp, Trypanosoma spp, Malaria
parasite,Ascarislumbricoides, Hookworms, Taeniaspp, Schistosoma spp
 Quality assurance in the Parasitology laboratory
 Basic techniques used in the identification of parasites
Introduction to the laboratory
 levels of laboratories
 laboratory safety
 First Aid in the laboratory
Introduction to Haematology
 Overview
 Red blood cell Indices
 White blood cell Indices
 Blood groups and Transfusion
 ABO blood group system
 Rhesus Factor
 Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate
Introduction to Medical Parasitology
 Definition of basic terminologies in Parasitology
 Host/ Parasite Interactions
 Routine stool examination
 Examination of Malaria parasite
Introduction to Clinical Chemistry
 Specimen collection and processing
 Explanation of clinical Chemistry results: Blood sugar, heart disease risk,
Iron status, Kidney Function tests, Electrolytes, Acid-base balance, Bone
metabolism, Lipid panel, Liver Function tests, Cancer screening, Thyroid
function and Urinalysis
Introduction to Bacteriology
 Bacterial structure
 Bacteria cell shape and arrangement
 Laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoeae
 Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis
 Laboratory diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections
 Laboratory examination of V/S and U/S

 General Chemistry and Biochemistry

Objective: The student should be able to;
- Describe the role of chemistry in modern life;

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 - Define some of the physical properties of drugs, e.g., solubility,
melting point, boiling point and acid–base properties;
- Explain the terms pH, Pka, buffer and neutralization.
Atomic structure and bonding:
-Describe the fundamental concepts of atomic structure; explain
various aspects of chemical bonding;
- Discuss the relevance of chemical bonding in drug molecules and
drug–receptor interactions.
Content: Physical Chemistry
 General introduction: Role of chemistry in modern life.
 Atomic Structure: orbitals and electronic configurations
- Aufbau principle.
- Pauli exclusion principle
- Hund‘s rule
- Hybridization
 Atomic Structure and Bonding
- Describe the fundamental concepts of atomic structure.
- Explain various types of chemical bonding.
- Electronegativity and chemical bonding
- Bond polarity and intermolecular forces.
- Understand the significance of chemical bonding in drug-
receptor interactions.
 General Review of the Periodic Table
- Periodic Law
- Alkali metals (group I)
- Some medical uses of group I elements.
- Alkaline-earth metals (group II)
- Some medical uses of group I elements.
- The transition elements
- Medical uses of some transitional elements.
- Halogens (group VII)
- Medical effects of halogens.
- Isotopy
- The mole concept
- Using moles to balancing & write equations
- The empirical & molecular formulas of compounds
- Allotropy
- Alloy
- Absorption & emission spectra
- Radioactivity and Radiations
 Acids and Bases
 Volumetric analysis

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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS:-
 Carbohydrates: Classification, types and functions
 Lipids and membranes: definitions, types, chemistry, nomenclature properties
and classification
 Amino acids and Proteins: definitions, types, chemistry, properties, notion of
peptide basics.
 Structural levels of Proteins, biological functions.

PRO113: Fundamentals of Nursing I : Overview-Concepts-History-Theories

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should master the concepts
and theories in nursing and the nursing process.
Content:
1. Concepts and theories in nursing sciences
2. Clarification of concepts
- Health,
- Sickness ;
- Life,
- Death,
- The health continuum ;
- Signs and sickness;
- Need ;
- The concept of paradigme,
- Theories ;
- Modeles,
3. Theories in nursing sciences
a. Suzanne KEROUAC’sapproach
- Schoolneed;
- School of interaction.
- School of desiredneeds.;
- School of health promotion;
- School of the uniqueness of the human being.
- A view of Nursing authors
 Florence NIGHTINGALE ;
 Hildegarde PEPLAN,
 Martha ROGERS
 Gerthud UJHELY,
 Imogène KING,
 Nancy ROPER,
 Dorothy E. OREM
 Myra LEVINE ;
 Callista ROY ;
 Affef MELLES,

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  Virginia HENDERSON,
 Dorothy E. JOHNSON,
 Marjory Gordon ;
 MC GILL ;
 Betty NEUMAN,
 PENDER,
 IDA Orlando,
 Joyce Travelbee ;
 PARSE ;
 Leninger ;
 Laring WATSON ;
4. Nursing care
1. Concept of nursing Science;
2. Types and nature of nursing care
5. Conceptual notions in nursing:
 Definition ;
 Importance of nursing concepts ;
 Criteria of choice of concepts in nursing.

6. Virginia HENDERSON’s concepts

1. Components of models
a. Fondamental needs ;
b. Dependance, independance ;
c. Sources of difficulties
2. Virginia HENDERSON‘sanalysis table
3. Virginia HENDERSON‘s model of data collection
7. MARJORY GORDON’s model
1. The 11 vital functions of man;
2. MARJORY GORDON‘s model of data collection.

PRO114: Social Sciences I : Medical Sociology, Anthropology & Psychology

Objective:
- To outline key ideas about dysfunctional patterns of behavior.
- To discuss maladjusted responses resulting from defects in personality
development and suggest ways that nurses can help.

Content:
- Introduction to psychology
- Major steps of life:-

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 - Emotional, Intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial evolution of the
individual: First age, second age, preschool, school, adolescence,
adulthood, aging.
- Body structure and body image
- Personality
- Dynamic aspects of personality, unconscious, instinct, repression,
motivation.
- Defense mechanism and adaptation.
- Emotional states: Feelings, emotions, fear, anger, distrust, anxiety.
- Comportments and behaviors.
- The different modes of relationship: social, educational, cooperative,
authority, dependency, acceptance, mothering.
- Evolution of life and of the human being in his psychological dimensions.
- The doctor – patient relationship: specificities.
Sociology:
- Introduction to sociology
- Concept of group: Social groups (family, work groups, institution).
- Dynamics of small groups
- Dynamics of conflicts: Leaders
- Communication and communication networks
- Evolution of life and the human being in his social dimensions.
Anthropology / Ethnology
- Notions of anthropology and ethnology
- Anthropology, ethnology
- Customs and cultural PWnomena
- The innate and the acquired myths and beliefs
- Cultural attitudes to health, illness, death.

PRO115: Fundamentals of Nursing II: Human Development Across The Life

Span
Objective: At the end of this course the student should:
- Understand the evolution of nursing;
- To master the life cycle of from birth to death.

Content:
1- History of the nursing profession.
Objective: To understand the steps of the evolutive process of nursing,
Content:
- Health in primitive cultures;
o Before Christ ;
o Middle age,
o Florence Nightingale‘sera ;
- Organisation nursing ;

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 - Role of the nurse;
- History of nursing in Cameroun.
- National order of paramedical personnels.
- View of the other professions.
2- Life Span and Human Growth and Development
 Prenatal care and development
 Newborn to two years
 three to five years
 Six to ten years
 care and protection of children
 eleven and nineteen years
 twenty to thirty-nine years
 forty to sixty five years
 career preparation
 opportunities in education and training

PRO116: Clinical Placement I(Immersion)

PRO117: Bilingual training, ICT I

 English and French expression: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Form of words in French
 Prefix, radical;
 Root, suffix.
2. Explanation of words and group of words
3. Morphosyntax and rhetoric
 Components and structure of the sentence:
- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Sentence composed.
 Figures of style:
- Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.
4. Administrative correspondence and professional
- The different parts of a administrative correspondence and the
administrative style
- Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).

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 5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance
- Application for employment;
- CV;
- Letter of motivation.
6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
- French composition: Reminder methodological and implementation;
- Contraction of text: methodological reminder and application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
- Identification of the factors in the situation of communication
(transmitter, receiver, code, channel, message, context);
- Situation of communication and verbal interactions;
- Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic, proxémiques,
MIMO-gestural, etc.;
- Identification and handling of figures of expression and thought
metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.).

 Technique of the information and of the communication 1: 1 credit (15

hours); L,T, SPW
1. Concepts and architecture of computers
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information and
its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system
6. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
7. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
8. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

PRO121: Anatomy and Physiology II

 Anatomy physiology 2: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Cardiovascular system (1 Credit)
- The heart;
- The general circulation;
- The different parts of the circulatory system (arteries, system door, the
veins, the pulmonary circulation);
- Verification of the effectiveness of the Movement: blood pressure,
pulse.
2. The respiratory system (0.5 credit)
- Descriptive anatomy and appliquéedes respiratory tract;

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 - Mechanism of the ventilation.
- The respiratory échangesgazeux;
- Lesmodifications of the respiratory system during pregnancy.
3. The digestive system (0.5 credit)
- Descriptive anatomy of the digestive system;
- The bodies annexs to the digestion - The mechanism of digestion;
- The Digestive changes during the course of thepregnancy.
4. Urinary system (0,5crédit)
- Anatomy of the kidney;
- Schematic and functions of the various parts of the 2 types of
nephron;
- Mechanism of production of urine (glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, tubular secretion);
- Anatomy and Physiology of the ureters of the bladder and the
urethra ;
- Physiological changes of urinary system during the pregnancy.
5. The genital system (0.5 credit)
- Anatomy of the genital system the masculine and the feminine and
the glandesannexes;
- Physiology of the semen: sperm analysis;
- Physiology of the genital system masculine: spermatogenesis;
- Physiology of the genital system female: oogenesis, ovarian cycle,
hormonal regulation of the ovarian cycle, menstrual cycle, effects of
estrogen and progesterone, the sexual response of the woman; -
anatomy physiology of the breast.
6. Osteology, Arthropologie and general Myology (1 credit)
- The OS and the skeleton;
- The Joints - The musculature; - The baNUS at the woman.

 Semiology: 1 credit (15 hours) ; L, T, P, SPW

 Definition, etiology, sign and symptom of a few affection of:
- The Respiratory System
- The urinary tract
- The circular device
- The Digestive System
- Nervous System
- Sense Organs
- Dermatology
- Musculoskeletal Health
- Genitourinary.

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PRO 122: Microbiology II (Virology-Mycology-Immunology)
Objective: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of
microorganism. Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be
able to:
- Have a general notion of Microorganisms
- Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to humans
- Differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotes
- Perform Preliminary basic laboratory techniques for identifying
Microorganisms
Cultivation of bacteria
Types of culture media
Bacteria growth: Batch and Continuous systems, various phases of a bacteria
growth curve
Microbial growth requirements: Physical requirements (Oxygen, temperature etc.),
Chemical requirements (Nitrogen, Carbon etc.) and Growth factors (Vitamins,
amino acids, pyrimidine and purine bases)
Introduction to viruses, General characteristics of viruses, General structure and
functions of the various parts of a virus, Classification of viruses: In terms of nucleic
acids, morphology, Viral replication: adsorption, penetration, uncoating etc.
Terminologies related to the control of microbial growth (sterilization, disinfection,
bacteriostatic, bactericidal etc.)
Introduction to Mycology
- Beneficial and harmful importance of Fungi
- General characteristics of Fungi
- General life cycle of fungi
- Sexual and Asexual reproduction in fungi
- Types of Mycoses
- Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoses

PRO123: Fundamentals of Nursing III: Nursing Sciences and First Aid

Objective: The student should understand the nursing process;
Content
1- The nursing process
o Analysis and interpretation of results.
o The concept of nursing diagnosis;
o The nurses intervention;
o The nursing care plan and register;
Nursing care Planification
2- First Aid
- Definition, concept of first aide, hemorrhage (bleeding), fainting,
choking and drowning,

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 - Shock and electrocution, coma (unconsciousness) and heat stroke
(sun burn), fractures, sprains and strains and dislocations, poisoning,
animal bites and insect stings,

PRO124: Public Health: Epidemiology-Demography-Environmental

Sanitation & Health Promotion
Objective: To master of the elements of public health related to
epidemiology, demography the environment and health promotion.
Content:
 Epidemiology: 1 credit (15hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Importance of the epidemiology, preventive care
2. Indices of community health in relation with the epidemiology
3. Analyticalmethods of demography
4. Program of investigation in Health
5. Epidemiological study of acute diseases and chronic conditions
6. Methodology and Statistics in the field of research
7. Analysis of the data
8. Introduction on the insects (brachycères, nematogeres, marangonins,
arachnids malacology)
 Demography: 0.5 credit (7,5hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Definition
2. Purpose
3. The concepts of demography
4. The characteristics of the population
5. Concept of Gender, ratio, increased age pyramid
6. Stratification of the population
7. Interpretation

 Health Promotion:0.5 credit (7,5 hours); L, T, P, SPW

- Health Promotion;
- Definition;
- Different aspects;
- Persons likely to participate;
- The techniques of communications.
 Environmental Health: 1 credits (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Hygiene and Sanitation in the middle
 PersonaLygiene
- Physical (clothing, cleanliness, sport);
- Mental (sleep, noise, addiction).
 Food Hygiene
- Food (balance, conservation);
- Drinking water (domestic treatment of drinking water);
- Addiction (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).

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  Hygiene of the Environment
- Habitat (overcrowding, facilities, wastewater, waste);
- Collective facilities.
2. Hospital hygiene
- Definition;
- Importance;
- Purpose;
- Individual measures;
- Collective measures Institutional andthe nosocomial infection:
o Definition;
o Contributing factors;
o Plan to Combat (organization of the fight);
o Hygiene of the patient (toilet, bed linen, etc.);
o Hygiene of the staff (held, hands);
o Hygiene of care and of the equipment of care (asepsis,
antisepsis, decontamination, disinfection, methods and
sterilization procedures physical and chemical);
o Specific hygiene in the surgical blocks;
o Remediation of the hospital environment (water, waste,
facilities);
o Regulation of the movement of patients and staff in the
hospital environment.
3. The promotion of health
- Health Promotion;
- Definition;
- Different aspects;
- Persons likely to participate;
- The techniques of communications.

PRO125: Medical Nursing I

Objective: To take care of patients in a medical ward.
1. Content:
a) Clerking
- Guidelines for collecting history
- Importance of health history
- Components of health history taking
- Physical examination (PE)
- Importance of physical examination
- Guidelines for carryout a PE
- Techniques for carrying out a PE
- Vital signs
- Importance of vital signs

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 - Recording PE and principles guiding recoding of PE
- Guidelines for vital signs
- Technique
b) Temperature
o Clinical thermometer
o Sites for temperature assessment
o Few keys features surrounding temperature
c) Pulse
 Assessing pulse (radial)
 Pulse characteristics
2. Respiratory Rate
 Dyspnea
3. Arterial Blood Pressure (BP)
- Assessing BP
- Drug administration
- General rules for administering medication
- Principles of administering medication
- Maintaining safety in drug administration
- Calculating drug doses
- Medication errors
- Routes and techniques of drug administration
- Enteral routes
- Parenteral routes
- Details on routes of drug administration
 Oral medications
 Injectable
 Intra- muscular routes

- Sites identification
a) Buttocks
b) Thigh
c) The upper arm
- Subcutaneous route (procedure)
- The IV route

PRO126: Clinical Placement II (Immersion)

PRO127: French and English for medical profession II – ICT II

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language
and thus enhance patient relationship as needed.
Content:
1. Grammar
2. Different parts of the human body

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 3. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
4. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol
forms, drug dispensation notices
5. Drafting of reports
6. Documentation research
7. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
8. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
9. Drafting of researchtopics
10. Dissertation on the professional articles
11. Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
12. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
13. Hospitals
14. The Hardware
15. The staff
16. The Role
17. The pathologies
18. The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs
 Technique of information and communication 2
- Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a
name to a cell range)
- Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
- Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce,
frequency) and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and
NB.If.ENS, Average, Sum, if
- Creation of graphics from statistical tables
- Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
- Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
- Data entry and analysis
- Definition of the concepts of the computer network
- Presentation of the types of media and networks
- Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
- Networks withoutwires
- Learning of a software application
- Numbering system
- Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

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PRO231: Material and Workshop Technology
Objective: Students would have competence in practicing effectively and safely
within a workshop environment. They will be able to explain the important properties
of various types of materials and have knowledge of essential workshop safety.
Content:
Material Science
Metal & Alloys: Fundamentals of metals and alloys both ferrous and nonferrous.
Properties, testing and inspection of metals and alloys, heat treatment of
metals.Powder metallurgy, surface coating of metals.
Wood: Wood, types, seasoning, preservation, lamination properties and adhesives
for wood.
Wood work: Introduction to Wood, wood work and wood working tools. Pattern
making and making of various kinds of joints.
Leather: Leather, types, tanning, preservation, lamination, properties and adhesives
for leather.
Fabric: Fabric types, properties, utilization, selection and quality control.
Polymers & composite materials: Introduction to Plastics, type of plastics and
molecular structures. Relationship of properties to structures. Monomers, Polymers,
additives, Mechanical properties, effect on properties of method of production.
Fabrication processes, Effects of fabrication, process, micro structural changes,
shrinkage and other degradation during processing, environmental effects.
Thermoforming plastics, their fabrication process, thermosetting plastics and
fabrication process
Composite materials and their uses-Resin: Acralyic and Polyster. Elastomers, H.D.P.E.
PP, PP-CP, Visoelastic behaviour of plastics. Introduction to fiber reinforced plastics.
Introduction to and their processing especially various techniques of moulding and
lamination.Joining of plastics, welding, adhesives and their effect on structure and
plastics properties.
Foams: Different types of foams used in P&O especially Latex, Polyurethane,
polyethylene and other kind of rigid/semi rigid/ flexible foams. Plaster of Paris &
Silicon and its application procedure in Prosthetic & Orthotic techniques

Workshop Technology
General: Introduction to bench work, hand tools, measuring tools and instruments.
Equipment for mass production, introduction to lathe machine and its operation,
milling machine and its operations, tooling, attachment, Shaping machine and its
uses.Grinding machine, Drilling Machine Abrasive machine etc. Special tools and
equipment used in fabrication of orthoses and prostheses.
Compressors, Vacuum Pumps and Dust Collection Equipments
Cutting Tools (Chisels, Saws and Metal Cutters)
Pneumatic Tools
Power Cutting tools

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Workshop Safety & Hazards and Care
Mechanical working of metals such as steel and aluminum.
Fundamental of riveting, soldering, brazing and welding.
Workshop Technology Practical Practice: Practical work on workshop practices.
Practical training on lathes, Drilling Machine (Bench and Pedestal), Grinding
Machine, Router, hot air oven, sanding machine, heat gun, pneumatic machines
and other machines.Practical work on various materials and tools and its use in
prosthetics & Orthotics.

PRO232: Applied Mechanics & Strength of Materials

Objective: The students will be able to demonstrate an ability to understand
and utilize the mechanical principles and other concepts of strength of material.
Content:
General Mechanics: Definition of Mechanics, Foundation material on Units,
dimensional homogeneity, scalar and vector quantities, Co-ordinate systems,
Newton‘s laws. Resolution and summation of forces and moments in two and three
Dimensions, equivalent force systems, free body diagrams, equations of Equilibrium,
plans and space frame analysis. Parallel and non- parallel Forces, torque.Linear and
angular motion, uniform acceleration, friction, inertia, moment of inertia, dynamic
equilibrium (translation/rotation), Energy, momentum.
Simple stress & Strain: Definition of stress and strains, factor of safety stress,
modulus of elasticity, longitudinal strain and internal strains. Possion‘s ratio etc. stress
and strain curve, statement of formulae relating between different modules, simple
problems to understand the above principles of composite bars-formula relating to
loads and strains in individual members simple to understand the above relations.
Mechanics Practical
General: Practices on parallel and non-parallel forces, torque. Linear and angular
motion, uniform acceleration, friction, inertia.
Design concept: Buckling, theories in failure, fatigue and stress concentrations,
connections, Shear force and bending moment diagrams, centroids, 2nd moment
of area and mass, theorem of parallel axes, bending stress, torsional stress of circular
shafts, combined axial and bending stresses. Combined and torsional stresses,
combined axial bending torsional stresses. Open and closed helical springs and
beam deflection.
Control systems: Introduction to control theory and its applications in Prosthetics and
Orthotics.
Ecogonomics with applied mechanics
General: Introduction to definition and scope in modern industrial social studies on
Machine or man oriented topics. Displays devices for transmitting information from
machine to man.Controls in information from man to machine. Safety factors,
Pollution, noise, fumes, atmosPWric pollution if motion study in relation to Ergonomics
principles.

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PRO233: Engineering Drawing
Objective: The course is designed to assist the students to acquire an
introduction to concepts of drawing instruments and their uses, general principles
and the basic elements of technical drawing.
Content:
Introduction: Drawing instruments and their uses. Sizes and layout of drawing
sheets.Item references on drawings and item lists.Planning on assembly.
General Principles: Folding of Drawing prints Scales. Plain and diagonal, Lines,
Letterings.General principles of presentations. Section and other conventions
Conventional representations circle, Tangent Ellipse. Cycloised Involute of circle.
Fundamentals: Dimensions on technical drawings. Indications of linear and
angular tolerance on technical drawings.Orthographic projections of points, lines,
simple objects and combinations.Isometric views, Auxillary view, Drawing of screw
thread form Bolts Screws and Screw joints, weld and welded joint dimentioning and
sketching of P & O components/ parts, pulley shaft, coupling, etc.
Design: Design calculations and its applications for Prosthetics & calculation
Orthotics devices.
General Sketching: Sketching for preparing assembly, workshop drawing.
Various parts and Components used in prosthetics and orthotics, Basic idea of
design analysis, itemisation empiricism, approximation and syNTDesis. Detail
diagrams of all kind orthoses, prostheses and mobility aids.
Practical: All kinds of engineering drawing practice.

PRO234: Biomechanics I
Objective: The understanding of Bio-mechanical principles of Prosthetics and
Orthotics will be the foundation of the work of the students. It is essential to have a
sound theoretical knowledge of the subject and students are able to demonstrate
the rigorous application of these principles to practical P&O situations and in the
analysis of those situations.

Content:
Basic Concepts in Biomechanics: Kinematics and Kinetic. Types of Motion, Location
of Motion, Direction of Motion, Magnitude of Motion, Definition of Forces, Force of
Gravity, Reaction forces, Equilibrium, Objects in Motion, Force of friction, Concurrent
force systems, Parallel force systems, Work, Moment arm of force, Force
components, Equilibrium of levers
Joint structure and Function: Joint design, Materials used in human joints, General
Properties of connective tissues, Human joint design, Joint function, Joint motion
Biomechanics of normal foot, pathological foot, foot arches, normal and surgical
foot wear.
Human Movements: Normal gait: general features of gait, gait initiation, kinematics
and kinetics of gait, energy requirements, Pathological gait
Introduction to EMG studies and recording EMG

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Joint Force Analysis: Body segment parameters, joint forces during swing and stance
phase, force analysis on foot and ankle joint, knee joint and Hip joint.
Human locomotion and Gait analysis: Introduction to different ways to do gait
analysis by using force plate/TV analysis/ electromyography studies, energy studies,
gait repeatability, variation due to age, variation due to footwear,
Orthoses/Prostheses. Trans Femoral Amputee, gait analysis and deviations, gait
variations due to alignment or pathological conditions.
Biomechanics of Symes prosthesis, partial foot prosthesis, below knee (Trans tibial)
prosthesis.

PRO 235: Prosthetics Science I, Orthotics Science I

 Prosthetics Science I
Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Prosthetic Science course. The student will be required to acquire and
comprehend the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this
effectively in clinical practice.
Content:
Introduction: Introduction to Prosthetics, definitions of various terminologies,
Historical development in Lower Extremity Prosthetics in India and abroad.
Prosthetic Feet: Various types of Prosthetic feet. Conventional foot. Rocker, SACH
foot, modified SACH Foot. Jaipur Foot, Seattle foot, Flex foot, Quantum foot, Peg
Roelite foot, Carbon copy foot, Comparatives studies of prosthetic feet. Single axis,
Double axis, Multi-axial foot, other kinds of feet etc. Heel Height adjustment,
Adjustable ankle, various kinds of ankle mechanisms.
Partial Foot: Various types of Partial foot prosthesis. Biomechanics of Partial foot
prosthesis, Prescription Principles, Materials used for partial foot prosthesis, various
cast techniques of Partial foot prosthesis, Fabrication Technique for partial foot
prosthesis.
Syme‘s: Various types of Symes Prosthesis, Prosthetic components, Prescription
criteria, Principles. Materials used for Symes prosthesis, casting techniques. Cast
modification. Fabrication Technique for Symes (P.T.B. type) prosthesis.Fabrication
Technique for conventional Symes prosthesis.
Trans Tibial: Various types of trans-tibial prostheses including Jaipur limb & ICRC
technology, Prosthetics Components – both conventional and modular. Trans-tibial
Prosthetic Prescription Criteria and principles. Materials used in Trans-tibial Prosthesis.
Measurement and casting techniques for Trans-tibial prosthesis. Cast modification.
Fabrication techniques for trans-tibial prosthesis. Fabrication Technique for trans-tibial
Conventional Prosthesis – both Open and close ended socket, Different types of
socket designs – PTB, PTS, PTBSC, PTB-SCSP, Different types of suspension.
Gait Deviations and Analysis: Person with Chopart, Symes, and Trans-tibial
prosthesis. Check-Out Procedures with Chopart, Symes & Trans-tibial prosthesis.
Prosthetics Practical: Fabrication of Partial foot prosthesis, Chopart Prosthesis,
Symes and various types of Tran‘s tibial prosthesis using different technology.

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  Orthotics Science I
Objectives: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the
Practical part of the Orthotic course. The student will be required to acquire and
comprehend the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this
effectively in clinical practice.

Content:
General: Introduction to Orthotics, definitions of various terminologies, History
of Orthoses in India and abroad. Various materials used in Orthotics.
Different types of Orthoses: Users/Client‘s assessment and prescription criteria,
Measuring and casting, cast modification, three point force system, fabrication,
fitting, aligning, checking out and finishing of the following devices:
Shoe Modification: Medial/Lateral raise (Inside /outside shoe), M.T. Bar (Inside /
Outside shoe), Arch support, Meta tarsal pad, Calcaneal heel wedge, Heel raise,
Thomas Heel, Heel pad for Calcaneal spur, ‗T‘ strap (Medial and lateral), Fixation of
stirrup plate in shoes/ Sandal, Various types of Arch Supports – flexible/semi
rigid/rigid/custom moulded, SMO-Custom moulded Supra malleolar orthosis. Various
types of Foot Orthoses for diabetic feet and other sensory deficiencies.
AFO (Ankle foot orthosis): Conventional AFO-, Plastic AFO (custom moulded),
Articulated A.F.O & various types of ankle joints
Club foot Orthosis: Orthotic management of CTEV, Ankle support
Orthotic management of Anesthetic Foot.
Orthosis for the management of fracture below knee.
Practical: Different types of foot Orthoses, Shoe modifications, and all types of
Mechanical Ankle Joint, conventional & Custom molded (A.F.O.) and fracture
Orthosis for below knee.

PRO236 : Clinical Placement III (Rehabilitation centers)

PRO237: Civic Education, Ethics and Research Project

 Ethics Civic Education
Content:
 Concepts:
o The citizen - the nation - the State,
o Public property unto collective property,
o The freedoms;
o The public service;
o Problem of ethics,
o Ethics, Law and reason;
o Management and ethics of responsibility;
o Ethics and management;

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 o Civics
o Deontology
o Moral consciousness
o The universal declaration of Human Rights
o Good governance in public services
o The importance of civics to the life of the nation
o Functions of the state and its citizens
o Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
o Relationship between morality, law and ethics
o Codes of ethics

 Research Project
Description
This course focuses on providing an introduction to research methods and
designs relevant to health science undergraduate students. This course will focus on
experimental and non-experimental, and quantitative and qualitative research
methods. It will equip students with the practical basic research skills necessary for
their identifying a researchable problem, critical literature review, research proposal
formulation, data collection/analysis and Report writing within the healthcare field.
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:
 Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for these in
selection of study design.
 Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate choice
and application of statistical testing to assess this.
 Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or group
research.
Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review,
formulating the problem statements, justification of studies, objectives, framing the
questions according to general and specific objectives; is developing a testable
hypothesis to achieve the objectives for quantitative research selection,
referencing, etc.; Ethical considerations; Work plan: personnel; timetable project
administration; Plans for dissemination.
Data collection and management: Design and Pretesting of measuring
instruments (reliability and validity of instruments);training of interviewers; quality
control of measurements; computerization, checking and validating, measurements;
the issue of missing observations, statistical summarization of information; testing of
hypothesis.

Analysis & presentation of Results; Report writing and format.

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PRO241 : Fundamentals of Electricity and Electronics
Objective: The student will have knowledge of basic principles of electricity
and electronics with particular reference to applications in prosthetics, orthotics and
workshop practice.
Content:
Basic Concepts: Introduction to SI System of units, charge, current, resistance,
potential differences, electromotive force, Energy power, Voltage and current
Relationship, energy storage, DC circuits, AC circuits, sine wave, Frequency, Period,
phase, RMS value, inductive and capacitive reactance.
Resistors: Resistors sensitive to temperature, strain and light, Resistors in series
and in parallel.
Transformers: Principle of the transformer, voltage, turns and current ratios.
Semi Conductors: Outline Concepts of semiconductors and insulators.
Conduction in intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors.
Amplifiers: Amplifiers as a system element. Operational amplifiers and their
ideal characteristics.The small single equivalent circuit having a controlled source.
Voltage and current gain, the decibel power gain, Noise and drift voltages, Source
in amplifiers and bio-systems.
Feed Back: The general Feedback equation, Feedback Voltage series,
negative feedback and loop gain, loop gain Accuracy, input resistance, ouPHut
resistance, band width of noise. Feedback as a control mechanism in the wider
sense, Positive feedback – instability and self-oscilation in amplifiers and oscillatiors.
Measurements: Electronics measuring instruments..Summary of recording
instruments. Concepts of resolution and accuracy applied to digital and analogue
instruments. Transducers for temperature, light, pressure, sounds, description,
specification and use in circuit.
Myoelectrodes: Technology of metal and metal paste electrodes, the
equivalent circuit between electrodes, stability, source of unwanted voltage
electrode systems. Other types of myoelectrodes micro electrodes, implanted
electrodes, comparison with surface electrodes.Sensors, microprocessors etc.
Electrical Safety: Description of single phase and three phase supply system
and voltage involved. Function of line, natural and earth in single phase system.
Current practice in pin connection and colour codes.Simple safety procedure to be
taken when servicing equipment.Effect on safety of fault conditions.Fuses,
Conductors and earth leakage detectors – miniature circuit breakers (MCB).
Voltage regulators integrated circuits.
Bio-Electricity: Biological Potentials, Muscle action potentials, Electro-myography
and Myo-electricity

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PRO242: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics & Amputation
Surgery
 Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Objectives: The course is designed to assist the students to develop
understanding of the health and socio-economic context of people with disabilities
in the community and their role and the role of CBR and introduce different
members of the clinic team and theoretical principles of rehabilitation.
Content:
Part I: Psychology, Sociology and vocational
Disability & development:
Background to social, political & economical issues in India & other low-income
countries.Affected on poor who live in rural & urban areas. Disability & women
introduction to community based rehabilitation as compared to the existing medical
model & its function. Introduction to impairment, disability & handicap. Introduction
to disability issues, Government schemes & initiatives, legislation, local resources
available & referral. Income generation schemes, purpose of Sanghas / group of
PWDs. Access, Adaptation & changes of environment where people live or work,
PWD Act.
Psychology: introduction to psychology, outline of psychology & the
individual, behavior, intelligence & abilities, learning & remembering, psychological
development, cognitive process, personality, moral development, psychological
aspect of disability. The role of the family, child with the disability, parent of the
disable child. Acceptance of several disabled persons, social- sexual relationships,
independence living.
Sociology: introduction to sociology & outline of society, definition, outline of
social works, nature of social organization, non –governmental organization & its role
in prosthetics & orthotics, structure & function of social institution, village as
community, social changes, social problems, social welfare, vocational rehab. ,
Employment, self-employment, removing environmental barriers, recreation for the
disabled, community welfare organization, social welfare programs, professional &
social work in medical setup, M.S.W in rehabilitation, practical & environment
difficulties of patient in use of appliance, outline of educational aspect, job analysis,
job placement.
Community Based Rehab. : What is CBR & its need- what way it is different that
IBR , simple knowledge about other disabilities, its prevention & its management ,to
where to refer ,when to refer, role of other professionals in CBR, early identification &
early intervention , how to work as a team in CBR /IBR structure , simple techniques
to make CBR activities more purposeful.
Part II: PMR Medical Aspects (Specific disorders), Physiotherapy, Occupational
Therapy
General: introduction to health cares system, rehab. In health care,
rehab.Under various ministries, introduction to Institution Based Rehab. (IBR) and
Community Based Rehab. (CBR).Prosthetics & orthotics in CBR & role of CBR worker

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in P&0. Introduction to general medicine & disease, chemical & physical agent
causing diseases, outline of metabolic disorders e.g. Diabetes mellitus, deficiency
diseases e.g. Vit.D deficiency & Vit. C deficiency.
Specific disorders : periPWral nerve injury , poliomyelitis ,cerebral palsy ,
muscular dystrophy, club foot, spina bifida ,hemiplegia, spinal cord injury (
paraplegia / quadriplegia) , tuberculosis & perthes disease, leprosy , burns, Erb‘s
palsy ,tumors- malignant & benign.
Sports injuries: introduction to sports injuries, common sports injuries & other
management, mechanism of injury to hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, wrist & hand
in various sports & outline of their orthotic management.
Rehab. Therapy: introduction to physiotherapy & occupational therapy, child
development in brief- milestone & delayed milestone, assessment procedure,
evaluation of muscle power, range of motion, checking of joint stability, checking of
pelvic tilt, use of Goniometer, checking of muscular atrophy/ dystrophy, functional
assessment which includes ADL, stretching, strengthening, breathing exercises,
therapy at post – surgical stage (re- educating the muscle, maintaining ROM,
preventing.
Stump care & care of non-amputated limb, exercise through games involving
parent & guardians, pop bandage application for temporary splinting &correction
of simple deformity, stump bandaging application etc.
Physical medicine & Rehab. : Concept of total rehab. , Rehab. Team & role of
each of the member of the team, introduction to physical medicine, principles of
clinical examination, diagnosis & treatment, different aspect of physical medicine &
rehab. , Rehab. Aspect of visually handicapped, hearing handicapped & mentally
retarded.
Practical: practical aspects of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, physical
medicine & rehab.

 Orthopaedics & Amputation Surgery

Objective: In this unit the students learns about the various orthopedic
conditions in detail with review of the disabling conditions. It also covers the various
common surgical techniques and its influences in the orthotics and prosthetics fit
and design.
Content:
Orthopaedics
General: introduction, principles of Orthopaedics, fracture & types of management.
Inflammation: outline of Inflammation, osteomyelitis, and inflammation of joint.
Rheumatoid arthritis,, infective arthritis , tuberculosis arthritis ,osteoarthritis, ankylosing
spondylitis, arthritis of hemophilic joints, neuropathic joints, inflammation of tendon
sheath & bursae, contractures , posture etc. metabolic diseases of bones e.g.
Rickets , osteomalacia , gout, scurvy, etc poliomyelitis & all its effect.

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 Spine: outline of torticolis, cervical rib, spina bifida, spondylolisthesis, scolosis-
all types, kyposis, lordosis, spondylosis, prolapsed of intervertebebral disc.
Hip: outline of dislocation (congenital, traumatic, pathological, paralytic & spastic),
coxa-vara, and coxa-valga.
Knee: outline of meniscal tears, dislocation of patella, genu valgus, genu
varum, genu recurvatum, ligamentous injuries.
Ankle & foot: outline of sprain ( acute & chronic) ,CTEV ,calcaneo-varus & pes
valgus, hallux valgus & varus , calcaneal spurs , metatarsalgia, planter fascitis ,
anesthetic feet , bunion.
Shoulder: outline of recurrent dislocation, bicipital tendonitis & periarthritis.
Elbow: outline of cubitus varus& valgus, Madelung‘s deformity, tennis elbow,
Volkmann‘s contracture, Dupuytren‘s disease, claw hand, De- quervain‘s disease &
claw hand.
Wrist & hand: tenosynovitis, mallet finger. Carpal tunnel syndrome.
Amputation surgery:
General: indication / causes , general principles , types of amputation .i.e
Guillotine , Flap, osteoplastic Myoplastic , osteo-myoplastic ,individual preparation
for prosthesis, ideal stump, preoperative & post-operative prosthetic management
techniques in general.
Amputation: amputation surgery in lower & upper limb , amputation in special
circumstances , like in infant & children , congenital limb deficiencies & its universal
classification , ischemic limbs , elderly persons & malignancy.
Orthopaedic practical:
General: demonstration of different condition & relevant X- ray films, how to read
from X-ray, its simple assessment & p&o management techniques.

PRO 243: Biomechanics II

Objective: The understanding of Bio-mechanical principles of Prosthetics and
Orthotics will be the foundation of the work of the students. It is essential to have a
sound theoretical knowledge of the subject and students are able to demonstrate
the rigorous application of these principles to practical P&O situations and in the
analysis of those situations.
Content:
Through knee Biomechanics: Through knee Prescription Principles, socket
biomechanics and alignment techniques.
Trans Femoral Prosthetics Biomechanics: General Socket biomechanics, Trans
Femoral socket biomechanics and analysis of socket forces. Analysis of Trans
Femoral Prosthetic components.
Gait deviation: Gait deviation while using while using Foot Orthoses (FO), Ankle
Foot Orthoses (AFO) and trans-tibial prostheses.
Above knee Orthotics Biomechanics: Biomechanical principals of various kinds
of above knee Orthosis especially Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis and Floor Reaction
Orthosis. Biomechanics of HKAFO especially to prevent scissoring. Three/ four/five

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point force system. KAFO and HKAFO gait deviations due to alignments or
pathological conditions. Gait analysis of KAFOs and HKAFOs with various types of
crutches.
Combined and torsional stresses, combined axial bending torsional stresses. Open
and closed helical springs, beam deflection. Design test
standards/materials/Philadelphia Loads/ISO. Design calculations for P&O
devices/BIS.

PRO244 : Prosthetics Science II

Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Prosthetic Science course. The student will be required to acquire and
comprehend the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this
effectively in clinical practice.
Content:
Knee Joints: Different types of Endoskeletal and exoskeletal knee joints - Single
axis knee joints, Polycentric knee joints, Free knee, Constant friction knee joints,
Variable friction Knee joint, microchip control knee, hydraulic knee joint, swing Phase
control knee joints, Stance Phase control knee joints etc.
Hip Joints: For above knee as well as for hip disarticulation/ hemi- pelvictomy –
all types of hip joints especially single axis and Swivel type.
Through Knee Prosthesis: Various types of through knee prosthesis - Through
knee prosthetic Components. Materials used for through knee prosthesis. Casting
techniques for through knee prosthesis, Cast modification, Fabrication Techniques of
through hip prosthesis, through knee Gait analysis and deviations, through knee
Check-out Procedures.
Trans Femoral Prosthesis: Types of Trans Femoral Prosthesis. Trans femoral
Prosthetic Components. Trans Femoral Socket designs. Casting and measurement
techniques, Cast modification, Fabrication techniques of Trans Femoral socket.
Various types of suspension used in Trans Femoral Prosthesis
Endoskeleton/modular: all common types, Trans Femoral Gait Analysis, Trans
Femoral Check-out Procedures.
Prosthetics Practical: Fabrication of all types of above Knee prosthesis and
through knee prosthesis.

PRO245: Orthotics Science II

Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Orthotic course. The student will be required to acquire and comprehend
the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this effectively in
clinical practice.
Content:
Above knee Orthotics: Types of knee & Hip joints

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 Orthotics Components: Prescription principles of various types of Knee
Orthoses (KO), Knee Ankle foot Orthoses (KAFO), Hip Knee Ankle foot Orthoses
(HKAFO). RGO & ARGO Orthoses
All types of K.A.F.O., H.K.A.F.O. FRO, RGO & ARGO etc. and also Orthoses for
management of C.D.H., C.P., Paraplegics, and Legg Calve perthes diseases, Spina
Bifida, Leprosy and Hemiplegia etc.
Fabrication: Cast and measurement techniques, appropriate selection of
materials and components, cast modification, fabrication and alignment technique,
using of different technologies – its advantages and disadvantages,
Accommodation of limb length discrepancy while designing orthosis, Gait analysis
and check out procedures.
Practical: Orthoses in Lower Motor Neuron Disorders, Orthoses in Upper Motor
Neuron Disorders, various types of knee Orthoses, Weight relieving orthosis, Floor
reaction orthosis, Toronto Brace, Low cost Orthoses, Bilateral H.K.A.F.O, Orthoses in
Arthritis, Orthoses in Fractures, Orthoses in Hemophilia, Orthoses in Progressive
Muscular Dystrophy, Orthoses in Juvenile Disorders etc.

PRO246: Clinical Placement IV (Rehabilitation center), Introduction to

Operational Research
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:

- Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and

be able to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and
approaches in qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through
the use of valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the
research questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for
these in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate
choice and application of statistical testing to assess this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or
group research.

Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.

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 Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research:
Purposiveness, Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision,
generalizability, objectivity);
Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories, deductive & inductive
reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions
Elements of the Scientific Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question,
Hypotheses, Experiments, Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and
applied, Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research,
Conceptual vs Empirical Research, Etc.

PRO247: Operational Research II, Biostatistics and Health Information

System
 Operational Research II
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences and
be able to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and
approaches in qualitative and quantitative research methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature through
the use of valid resources, and thereby provide informed opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and apply
appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve the
research questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control for
these in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the appropriate
choice and application of statistical testing to assess this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or
group research.

Content:
Research strategies and design: Descriptive study designs: types of descriptive
studies (case report, case series & cross sectional, ecological) and their application,
strengths and limitations;
Case seriesExperimental versus observational strategies;
Analytical Observational studies (cross sectional, cohort and case studies);
Analytical interventional studies (Experiments and Quassi experiments: clinical
trials

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 Data collection methods & Techniques/Tools: Types of data in health research,
sources of data, qualitative & quantitative methods: interviews (structured, semi-
structured, unstructured); Focus groups, surveys, etc.
Questionnaire Design; Definition, types of questionnaires, format, Language
and wording style, Sequencing of questions, coding response to questions, length of
questionnaire, general lay out; etc.
 Biostatistics I
Objectives: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical
information.
Content:
Mathematics
1. Percentages, rates, proportions, simple and compound interest, discount
2. The electronic calculator
Basic Algebra
1. Algebraic expressions
2. Functions
3. Linear and Simultaneous Equations
4. Graphs of Functions
5. Quadratic Equations
6. Arithmetic and Geometric progressions
Biostatistics
1. Introduction
2. Basic concepts in biostatistics
3. Sampling techniques and data collection
4. Variables (Qualitative and Quantitative)
5. Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
6. Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median, standard
deviations and standard errors.
 Health Information System
Objective: After going through the course, the students should be able to:
- Define the main Concepts and Terminologies used in Health
Management Information Systems.
- Describe the various components of a health information system
- Know the different sources and type of data for a health Information
system.
- Undertake Health Data Management to provide health information
capable of guiding the planners and stakeholders in health care
delivery system.
- Understand the foundational basis for the National Health Management
Information System Policy

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 - Describe Project cycle, Monitoring tools and Evaluation of health
projects and programs.

Content:
Introduction: Definition of Concepts and Terminologies-data, information,
management, health, system, health system, health information, health information
system.
Determinants of health: Socio-economic Situations, Demographic Situation,
Epidemiological Situation, Health Resources, Human Capital, Health Services,
Sectoral Situations: Education, Agriculture, Mineral Resources, Water Resources,
Transport, etc.
Components of health information systems: Health information resources,
Health Indicators, data management, information product, Disease surveillance,
monitoring, evaluation.
Health Data Management (Data management cycle (Data collection,
Analyses, Reporting, Dissemination, Data use): Characteristics of good Data , Types
and Sources of Health Data, Methods of Data Collection & some Standard Forms
for Health information , Challenges of Health Data Collection, Basics of Data
Processing and Analysis (computer –based & paper-based).
National Health Management Information Systems: Challenges and strategies
Monitoring and Evaluation: Programme cycle; Characteristics of Health
programme monitoring system (Data collection, Analyses, Reporting, Dissemination.
Data use)

PRO351: P & O Workshop Management

Objective: Students would have an understanding of the planning,
construction, human management, store management and safety of the workshop.
Content:
Introduction: principle of administrative & management structure, industrial
management, definition of organization, type of organizational set up, workshop
administration & management.
Man management: introduction, discipline, security, distribution of work, work
sheet, time sheet & staff welfare.
Store purchase: Store & Store organization, inventory control, purchase
organization, introduction to cost accounting, use of computer for effective Store
management.
Safety: industrial accidents, safety & hazards.
Planning: planning of prosthetic & orthotics workshop, all types of various
scale, workshop layout, plan layout, costing, billing, documentation especially
development of recording system to manage individual records.
Construction: construction, ventilation, electrification, colour scheme, lighting,
sanitary convenience, further expansion & accessibility of prosthetic & orthotic
workshop & fitting.

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 Practical: either to design & develop a workshop or to carry out a project for
layout of a workshop for prosthetic & orthotics work or workshop of similar nature.

PRO 352 :Mobility & Rehabilitation Aids, Health Care Management

Objective: Students would learn about the use of various types of mobility aids
required by PWDs and related analysis of the gait pattern.
Content:
Mobility & walking aids: canes, walking sticks, crutches- axillary, elbow &
forearm support, different types of walking frames, walker & their attachment,
parapodium & David Hart Walker.
Developmental aids : bio mechanics of different kind of developmental aids ,
normal mile stone & delayed mile stone , measurement techniques , fabrication of
box seat , special chair with or without table / tray , standing / tilting frame , low level
cart , prone board & various developmental & educational toys , maximum use of
appropriate technology while making developmental aids .
Moulded seats: bio- mechanics, prescription criteria, cast & measurement
techniques, cast modification & fabrication of moulded seats with inside or out side
posting, use of different materials & technologies to fabricate the same, suspension
or right kind of strapping.
Wheel chair : different types , prescription criteria , measurements techniques ,
wheel chair modification & maintenance according to individual‘s need , various
attachment of the wheel chair , motorized wheel chair , tricycle & motorized tricycle
, scooty, different types of cushion & its fabrication techniques .
Gait Training with crutches: training with various walking aides & that to
different ways, installation / fabrication of parallel bars & transition from parallel bars
to walker then to crutches or sticks.
Self help devices: special gadgets for prehension & to assist in activities of
daily living.

PRO353: Biomechanics III

Objective: The understanding of Bio-mechanical principles of Prosthetics and
Orthotics will be the foundation of the work of the students. It is essential to have a
sound theoretical knowledge of the subject and students are able to demonstrate
the rigorous application of these principles to practical P&O situations and in the
analysis of those situations.
Content:
Tissue mechanism: study of mechanical characteristics & function of bones,
skins, ligaments, cartilage & muscle.
Spinal bio mechanics: motion of the spine , bio mechanics of different region
in spinal column , bio mechanics inter vertebral disc , lumbar spine loading , during
normal activities & effects of orthoses on this load , bio mechanical principle of
spinal orthosis,Bio mechanics of corsets, cervical / thoraco / lumbar / sacral spinal

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orthoses. Bio mechanics of scoliosis correction using different technologies &
especially using spinal orthoses.
Upper limb : grasp pattern , grasp force , mechanical replacement of hand
function , augmentation of deficient hand function , upper limb prosthetic socket
bio mechanics –all types , orthoses bio mechanics ,application of external power ,
myo electric control of external power & usage of devices .
Control systems: introduction to control theory, application in prosthetic &
orthotics of functional electrical stimulation (FES), hybrid orthoses, myo electric & bio
fed back.
Design concept –I: buckling, theories in failure / fatigue / stress concentration,
connection, fluid mechanism & beam deflection.
Design concept –II: shear force & bending moment diagrams, centroids, 2nd
moment of area & mass, theorem of parallel axes, bending stress, torsional stress of
circular shaft, combine axial &bending stresses. combine & torsional stresses ,
combine axial bending torsional stresses , open & close helical spring ,beam
deflection , design test standards / material / Philadelphia loads/ ISO , design
calculation for p&o devices .
Practical: different ways of design test, use of FES & myo electric control
systems in P&O devices.

PRO354: Prosthetics Science III

Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Prosthetic Science course. The student will be required to acquire and
comprehend the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this
effectively in clinical practice.
Content:
Upper Limb: Grasp patterns, grasp forces, mechanical replacement of hand
function, augmentation of deficient hand function, upper limb prosthetic socket
biomechanics – all types.
Control systems: Introduction to control theory, application in Prosthetics of
functional electrical stimulation (FES), myoelectric and bio-feedback.
Upper limb prosthetics: Historical development in Upper Limb Prostheses –
India and abroad, Upper Extremity Prosthetics Components - Terminal devices, Wrist
units, Elbow units, Shoulder units, Harnessing systems in Upper extremity prosthesis.
Partial Hand: Both cosmetics and functional types which also includes silicon
prostheses. Cosmetic hand gloves and fingers.Devices for augmentation of function
and cosmesis for partial hand amputation and finger amputation.
Wrist Disarticulation: Prescription Criteria, Types of prosthesis – Components,
Socket Shape, Clinical Considerations, Casting and measurement techniques, Cast
modifications, Fabrication techniques, alignment techniques, Harnessing and
suspension mechanisms, Fitting, donning and doffing techniques. Check out
procedures, Testing and Training.

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 Trans Radial: Prescription Criteria, Types of Trans Radial prosthesis –
Components, Types of Socket which includes Self suspending, flexible/rigid socket or
combination of both, Clinical Considerations, Casting and measurement
techniques, Cast modifications, Fabrication techniques – single wall and double
wall, alignment techniques, Harnessing and suspension mechanisms, Control system
– body powered and externally powered, Fitting, donning and doffing techniques.
Check out procedures, Testing and Training.
Trans Humerus: Prescription Criteria, Types of Trans Humeral prosthesis which
also includes Elbow Disarticulation prostheses – Components, Different types of
Elbow Mechanisms. Types of Socket which includes Self suspending, flexible/rigid
socket or combination of both, Clinical Considerations, Casting and measurement
techniques, Cast modifications, Fabrication techniques – single wall and double
wall, alignment techniques, Harnessing and suspension mechanisms, Control system
– body powered and externally powered, Fitting, donning and doffing techniques.
Check out procedures, Testing and Training.
Shoulder Disarticulation: Prescription Criteria, Types of prosthesis both
cosmetics and functional, Components, Different types of Elbow and Shoulder
Mechanisms. Types of Socket, Clinical Considerations, Casting and measurement
techniques, Cast modifications, Fabrication techniques, alignment techniques,
Harnessing and suspension mechanisms, Control system – body powered and
externally powered, Fitting, donning and doffing techniques. Check out procedures,
Testing and Training.
Prosthetics Practical: Fabrication of prosthesis for partial hand amputation or
congenital absence, through wrist prosthesis, Below Elbow prosthesis, Above Elbow
prosthesis, Shoulder Disarticulation prosthesis, Elbow Disarticulation prosthesis –
preferably using various available technologies.

PRO355: Orthotics Science III

Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Orthotic course. The student will be required to acquire and comprehend
the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this effectively in
clinical practice.
Content:
Upper Limb: Orthosis biomechanics, application of external power,
myoelectric control of external power and usage of devices.
Control systems: Introduction to control theory, application in Orthotics of
functional electrical stimulation (FES), hybrid Orthosis.
Upper Limb Orthotics: Objectives of splinting and principles. Types &
classification of Orthoses.Biomechanical principal of all types of upper limb
Orthotics. Material used and its advantages and disadvantages. All types of Hand
Orthoses, Wrist Hand Orthoses, Elbow Orthoses, and Shoulder Elbow Wrist Hand
Orthoses & Pelvic Shoulder Elbow Wrist Hand Orthosis. Measurement/casting and

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Fabrication of P.S.E.W.H.O, S.E.W.H.O, Elbow Orthoses, Elbow Wrist and Hand
Orthoses, Elbow braces etc.
Immobilization/ mobilization, Appliances for flail elbows:
Measurement/casting and Fabrication of Shoulder Orthoses, The shoulder joint
braces and splints, Abduction splints and braces, Traction splint of Humerus, All types
of Shoulder Elbow Wrist and Hand Orthoses which also includes both body powered
and externally powered. All types of fracture Orthoses, Temporary splinting, Feeder
and other assistive appliances.
Orthotics Practical: Fabrication of at least 5 types of splints belonging to each
group.

PRO356: Clinical Placement V (Rehabilitation center)

PRO357: Medical Law, Legal and Occupational Health and Biostatistics I

 Medical Law
Objective: To know the components of medical law.
Content:
- Chapter one: criminal law
- Chapter two: criminal responsibility
- Chapter three: labour law
- Chapter four: some rights of the employee under the labour rule
- Chapter five: civil status registration
- Chapter six: right of women and children under the code
- Chapter seven: tort
- Chapter eight: inheritance, succession and wills
- Chapter night: introduction to human right
- Chapter ten: some international right instruments
 Biostatistics I
Content
1. The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
2. Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution, Chi
squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
3. Errors in statistics.

PRO361: Prosthetics Clinical Practice, Orthotics Clinical Practice

 Prosthetics Clinical Practice
Objectives: The student will have experience in the clinical environment of
supplying prostheses and orthoses to patients undergoing treatment.
Content:
Direct Service: In this period each trainee will be in touch directly with the
persons with disabilities under supervision of the Instructor/Demonstrator. She/he
would do all the necessary work from start to the finish for fittings of suitable

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prostheses. Each person fitted with prostheses has to be documented/ recorded
well and to be presented in the clinics in front of Rehabilitation team and other
trainees. Besides fitting, trainee would also work with other rehabilitation team
members to understand ―Total Rehabilitation‖.
 Orthotics Clinical Practice
Objective: The student will have experience in the clinical environment of
supplying prostheses and orthoses to patients undergoing treatment.
Content:
Direct Service: In this period each trainee will be in touch directly with the persons
with disabilities under supervision of the Instructor/Demonstrator. She/he would do all
the necessary work from start to the finish for fittings of suitable prostheses. Each
person fitted with prostheses has to be documented/ recorded well and to be
presented in the clinics in front of Rehabilitation team and other trainees. Besides
fitting, trainee would also work with other rehabilitation team members to
understand ―Total Rehabilitation‖.

PRO362: Health economics

Objective: This course is an introduction to Health Economics.
It is meant to give Health science students basic principles regarding
economics and its application to the health sector.
 This course focuses on issues relating to scarcity in the allocation of health
resources
 It exposes students to basic theoretical and conceptual frameworks from
economics that enable them to analyze the functioning of a health system
critically.
 Importantly, they will learn how to apply economic theories of demand,
supply, and markets.
Content:
Unit 1. Introduction to Health Economics:
Definition of basic concepts: Health, Healthcare, Economics, Efficiency, Scarcity,
Health Economics, opportunity cost, etc
Unit 2. Basic concepts of supply and demand analysis:
Definition of Demand and supply, Demand curve, supply curve, Market Equilibrium
Elasticity of demand & supply.
Unit 3Health care market:
General features of the health Care: Perspectives of Health, Distinctive
characteristics of the health Care services, Equity and health care, Demand for
health care, Supply of health care, Health and Economic Development
Unit 4. Cost Concepts & Economic Evaluation:
Definition of Cost, Types of costs, Types of Economic Evaluation
Unit 5. Health Care Financing & Resource Allocation:

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 Definition of the health sector Financing, Factors influencing health care Financing,
Sources of National Health care financing systems. Barriers to access of heath care.
Unit 6 Resource allocation:
Definition, Reasons for resource allocation in health care, Rationing in health
care: Ethics and levels of rationing - Ethical theories: Utilitarian, Deontological,
Rawlsian, Implicit and explicit rationing, Efficiency& Equity in resource allocation,
Levels of resource allocation:
Unit 7 Macro- allocation (global, National, Allocating resources to healthcare versus
other social needs. Allocating resources within the healthcare sector,
Micro: Allocating resources among individual patients.
Factors Complicate Ethical Resource Allocation Decisions
Unit 8 The Role Of Government In Health: Problems of health policy & possible
strategies.
• Approaches to allocation: Need based analysis, economic evaluation
analysis,
• Other countries’ approaches: Oregon Health Plan
• New Zealand, UK,

PRO363: Computer in Prosthetics and Orthotics

Objective: Student will acquire computer knowledge to design the prosthetics
and orthotics components and apply in research and development in prosthetics
and orthotics field.
Content:
Introduction to computers and Components of computers: Physical
Composition, Central Processing Unit, Main Memory, Input and OuPHut units and
also all kinds of common types of computer periPWrals.
Hardware: Various Configurations, Specification of periPWrals and computer
system. Various types of storage facilities and its advantages and disadvantages.
Computing environments: Introduction to types of computers- Personal
computers, Main frame and super computers, Networks, E-Mail, Internet.
Introduction to operating systems, e.g. DOS, Windows, Linux, UNIX, commands and
introduction to General file systems.
Software: The current operating software‘s, Word Processor, spreadsheet,
database and presentation software, e.g. Windows XP or Windows 2000 Professional,
Microsoft Office XP or 2000 Professional etc., upgraded as used currently, Anti Virus.
Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing (CAD & CAM)
Basics of CAD: Introduction, Definition, History, Current status, Product Cycle,
Automation, Designing, Application and Benefits.
Computer Graphics: Introduction of software, Function of graphic package,
Application Software.
AutoCad 2010 and updated version: Introduction, Foundation of AutoCad
Commands, Execution of Simple 2D Drawings, Understanding 3D commands,
Executing3D Commands, Creating 3D objects Rendering and Image attach to an

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object Starting New Projects, Creating, Editing, Saving Drawing, Annotation,
Dimension, Plotting, Customisation, Auto Lisp.
Introduction to CNC, History of CNC, Advantages and disadvantages of N/C,
CNC, DNC, Major part of CNC.
Basics of CAM: Introduction of CNC machine, basics of Computer Aided
Designing and Manufacturing (CADCAM) and its use in P&O. Other kinds of
Computer use in Prosthetics and Orthotics. CADCAM Technology in socket making
and also making of different kinds of orthosis and prosthesis.
CAD/CAM in Prosthetics & Orthotics: types of digitizers used, concept of
different types of modifying software, CNC carver and its specification, step wise
fabrication procedure of sockets, shells and spinal orthoses, its advantages and
disadvantages
Practical:Trainees has to be thorough in all branches of MS Office especially
WORD and POWERPOINT. In addition to that it would be better if trainee also learn
one additional drawing and imaging software among e.g. Corel Draw, PageMaker,
Photoshop or similar kind of softwares.
Trainees has to be thorough in all branches CADCAM especially AUTOCAD. Trainees
should make design of all common types of P&O components which are regularly in
use by using AutoCAD software.

PRO364: Prosthetics Science IV

Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Prosthetic Science course. The student will be required to acquire and
comprehend the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this
effectively in clinical practice.
Content:
Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis: Various types of through hip Prosthesis.
Prescription principles, Materials and components to be used, Casting and
measurement techniques, Cast modification, alignment, suspension, Fitting, donning
and doffing techniques. Check out procedures, Testing and Training. Through hip
Gait analysis and deviations.
Prosthetics: Bilateral Stubbies. Bilateral Prosthesis. Trans Lumber Prosthesis
(Sitting and Standing), Prosthesis for Child Amputee, Prosthesis for Congenital
anomalies, Prosthesis adaptation for sports and recreation, Immediate post surgical
fittings, Check-out Procedures.
Practical: Fabrication of Prosthesis for through hip, double or multiple
amputees, Fitting of Prosthesis in cases and developing and/or adapting new
designs.

PRO365: Orthotics Science IV

Objective: This subject is delivered in a coordinated manner with the Practical
part of the Orthotic course. The student will be required to acquire and comprehend

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the necessary theoretical knowledge and to be able to integrate this effectively in
clinical practice.
Content:
Spinal Biomechanics: Motions of the spine, Biomechanics of different region in
spinal column, Biomechanics Inter vertebral disk, Lumbar Spine loading during
normal activities and effects of Orthosis on this loads, Biomechanical Principles of
spinal orthosis, Biomechanics of Corsets, Cervical/thoraco/lumbar/sacral spinal
orthosis. Biomechanics of scoliosis correction using different technologies especially
using Spinal orthosis.
Spinal Orthoses: Historical development of spinal orthoses. Anatomical and
Physiological Principles of construction and fitting of spinal Orthoses.Biomechanical
principle and Functions of spinal Orthoses.
Cervical Orthoses: Principle, material, measurement/ casting, fabrication of all
types of Cervical Orthoses especially different types of cervical collar, semi-rigid/rigid
cervical orthoses both temporary and permanent. Cervical Traction, HALO traction
and various types.
Thoraco Lumbo Sacral Orthoses: Flexible spinal Orthoses. Rigid spinal orthoses.
Principle, material, measurement/ casting, fabrication of all types of Thoraco Lumbo
sacral orthoses (TLSO) especially all types of orthoses for scoliosis. All types of under
arm orthoses and variants. Various types of Immobilisers, Fitting, donning and doffing
techniques. Check out procedures, Testing and Training.
Lumbo sacral Orthoses: Principle, material, measurement/ casting, fabrication
of all types of Lumbo sacral orthoses (LSO) especially Corsets and all types of
orthoses for Lordosis and scoliosis. Pelvic traction and its uses.
Orthotics: Orthoses for sports injury, Reciprocating Gait Orthoses (RGO), Hip
Guidance Orthoses (HGO), Fracture Cast Bracing, Swivel walker, orthopodium/
Parapodium. Weight relieving orthoses, Extension orthoses or Ortho-prostheses,
PTB.Orthoses, Silicone Cosmetic prosthesis.
Practical: Fabrication of orthoses for children with Cerebral palsy as in para
above and adapting according to the individual needs.

PRO366: Clinical Placement V

PRO367: Professional Ethics &Deontology

 Objective: At the end of the course, the student should use ethical values in
health care decisions, use the civic and legal responsibilities in the execution of
daily functions
 Content: Professionalism and ethics of health care, responsibility, autonomy,
rights of health care consumers, rights of health care providers, the Cameroon
legal system, civic responsibilities, the place of the law in health care
management, medical jurisprudence, malpractice and negligence.
Knowledge on Crimes that may occur at work and how to determine them.

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Health care Ethics
1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics
3. MLS Ethics
4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence,
Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of
The Elderly, Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
1. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
2. Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional secrecy,
Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
3. Code of ethics.

 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioner

 MLS and the law

Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights

Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
 Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights

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Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
ULTRASONOGRAPHY

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Ultrasonography

1. The objective of training

This programme aims at training students to gain entry into medical diagnostic
ultrasonography as technologists or technicians by enabling them to:
- Develop a range of skills that are necessary to perform routine ultrasound scans
in a safe environment.
- Develop skills in recognizing normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology,
and pathology from routine obstetrics, abdominal, cardiovascular, paediatrics,
musculoskeletal and small parts ultrasound scans.
- Apply the skills developed in 1&2 above together with results from other
chemical or physical tests and clinical findings to diagnose patient‘s conditions
or recommend further testing.
- Communicate effectively with patients, their families and other health
professionals.
- Facilitate skills of critical reflection, self-evaluation and continuous improvement
and professional growth in clinical practice.

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
- Be responsible and reflective;
- Have gestural skills and interpersonal skills;
- Develop a professional ethic;
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the well-defined fields of its
function;
- Using evidence –based practice in ultrasound diagnosing and
treatment;
- Critical mindset in assessing patients scan needs from clinical
presentations;
- Effective communication with patients, care givers and other health
professionals;
- Confidentiality regarding patients information;
- Good judgement and decision making in patient diagnosing;
- Safety in medical practice;
- Continue personal and professional growth;
- Master the computer tool and ICT.

 Specific skills
- Perform and interpret routine medical ultrasound scans to diagnose
common medical disorders diagnosable;

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 - Monitor the progression of pregnancy and fetal growth and
abnormalities;
- Diagnosis of abdominal disorders;
- Carry out and interpret routine ultrasound scans of the breast, prostate,
heart, blood vessels, and muscles to detect disorders or diseases of
these organs or systems;
- Design and conduct research in the field of ultrasound;
- Training of other people;
- Correlation of medical laboratory test results with ultrasound scans for
better diagnosis and interpretation of ultrasound scans;
- Carry out basic X-ray imaging;
- Check the conformity of a sensitive equipment or installation;
- Use ultrasons waves in medicine treatment;
- Check the conformity of a sensitive equipment or installation;
- Control the application of Quality-Safety and Environment procedures.

3. Outlets
- Public Service;
- Private Hospitals and Clinics;
- Private or public centers of paraclinic diagnostic;
- Self-employment;
- Research and training institutions;
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).

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4. Organization of the Teachings

SEMESTER 1
Field: Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ultrasonography
Course Number of hours Credit
Course Title
Code L T P SPW TOTAL Value
Fundamental Courses30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
ULS 111 Human Anatomy and Physiology 50 15 5 5 75 5
Medical Anthropology, Sociology and
ULS 112 50 5 0 5 60 4
Psychology/ Foundation of Medical Imaging
Professional Courses60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Introduction to Diagnostic Laboratory
ULS 113 Medicine/ Ergonomics, General 40 5 10 5 60 4
description of devices and technology I
General Microbiology / Medico-Sanitary
ULS 114 40 5 10 5 60 4
Techniques and First Aid
Clinical Specimen Collection, Processing
ULS 115 50 10 10 5 75 5
and Handling
Clinical Practice I – Specimen Collection,
ULS 116 0 0 75 0 75 5
Processing and Basic Laboratory Analysis
Transversal Courses10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
ULS 117 Bilingual Training I -ICT I 25 10 5 5 45 3
TOTAL 255 50 115 30 450 30

SEMESTER 2
Field: Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ultrasonography
Course Number of hours Credit
Course Title
Code L T P SPW TOTAL Value
Fundamental Courses30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
ULS 121 College Algebra and Basic Statistics 40 15 0 5 60 4
ULS 122 Medical Physics and General Chemistry 60 10 0 5 75 5
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
ULS 123 Stool and Urogenital Specimen Analysis 50 5 15 5 75 5
ULS 124 Urine and Body Fluid Analysis 50 5 15 5 75 5
Communication and Counseling in
ULS 125 35 5 0 5 45 3
Clinical Setting
Clinical Practice II- Urinalysis, Microscopy,
ULS 126 Macroscopy, Serology, Body Fluids and 0 0 75 0 75 5
Stool Analysis
Transversal Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
ULS 127 Bilingual Training II -ICT II 25 10 5 5 45 3
TOTAL 260 50 110 30 450 30

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 SEMESTER 3
Field: Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ultrasonography
Credit
Course Number of hours
Course Title Value
Code
L T P SPW TOTAL
Fundamental Courses30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I /
ULS 231 Ultrasound ergonomics, General 50 10 10 5 75 5
description of devices and technology II
Essentials of Ultrasound and Patient Care
ULS 232 40 5 10 5 60 4
Skills
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Obstetrics and Gynecological
ULS 233 60 5 5 5 75 5
Ultrasonography.
ULS 234 Scanning Techniques and Protocols 45 5 20 5 75 5
Obstetrics and Gynecological
ULS 235 10 30 0 5 45 3
Ultrasonography Review.
Clinical Practice III – Obstetrics and
ULS 236 0 0 75 0 75 5
Gynecological Ultrasound
Transversal Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
ULS 237 Initiation to research 25 5 10 5 45 3
TOTAL 230 60 130 30 450 30

SEMESTER 4
Field: Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ultrasonography
Course Number of hours Credit
Course Title
Code L T P SPW Total Value
Fundamental Courses30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Quality control in conventional ultrasounds
techniques (ISO 9001), Environmental
ULS 241 60 5 5 5 75 5
management system (ISO 1401) and the
patient protection
ULS 242 Sectional Anatomy- Abdominal and Pelvic 40 5 10 5 60 4
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
ULS 243 Abdomino-pelvic ultrasonography 60 5 5 5 75 5
ULS 244 Abdomino-pelvicUltrasonography Review 20 30 5 5 60 4
Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation
ULS 245 20 30 5 5 60 4
Review
Clinical Practice IV- Abdomino-pelvic
ULS 246 0 0 75 0 75 5
Ultrasound
Transversal Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
ULS 247 Mecical Law and entrepreneurship in health 20 5 15 5 45 3
TOTAL 20 80 120 30 450 30

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 SEMESTER 5
Field: Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ultrasonography
Course Number of hours Credit
Course Title
Code L T P SPW TOTAL Value
Fundamental Courses30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Public Health and
ULS351 Epidemiology/Politics and Health 50 5 0 5 60 4
Management System
Ultrasound Physic and
ULS352 50 10 10 5 75 5
Instrumentation II
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
ULS353 Basic Echocardiography 50 5 15 5 75 5
Introduction to Conventional X-
ULS354 40 5 10 5 60 4
ray
ULS355 Basic Electrocardiography 40 5 10 5 60 4
Clinical Practice V-
ULS356 Echocardiography and Basic X- 0 0 75 0 75 5
ray
Transversal Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
ULS357 Medical law and legal issues 30 5 5 5 45 3
TOTAL 260 35 125 30 450 30

SEMESTER 6
Field: Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Ultrasonography
Course Number of hours Credit
Course Title
Code L T P SPW TOTAL Value
Fundamental Courses30% (2UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Introduction to Ultrasound guided
ULS 361 Techniques / Structure, Function and 40 5 10 5 60 4
Maintenance of Equipments
ULS 362 Introduction to Pediatric Ultrasound 50 10 10 5 75 5
Professional Courses 60% (4UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Introduction to Musculoskeletal
ULS 363 40 5 10 5 60 4
Ultrasound
ULS 364 Basic Vascular Ultrasound 40 5 10 5 60 4
ULS 365 Basic Ultrasound of Small Parts 50 10 10 5 75 5
Clinical Practice VI- Small Parts,
Vascular and Musculoskeletal
ULS 366 0 0 75 0 75 5
Ultrasound/ Research project (Project
Defense)
Transversal Courses 10% (1UC) 3 credits 45 hours
ULS 367 Projet Writing 25 5 10 5 30 3
TOTAL 245 40 125 30 450 30

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5. Courses content

ULS 111: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Objective: This course is an introduction to anatomy and physiology and

assures no prior knowledge of the human body by student. It is directed to prepare
students for health-related professions such Ultrasonography, Medical Laboratory
Technology etc.
Content:
- Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Life Processes and Homeostasis:
- The Chemical Level of Organization
- cellular level of organization:
- Tissue level of Organisation
- Major systems of the human body:
- Digestive System
- Respiratory System
- Control Systems of the Human Body:
- Special Senses
- Reproductive System:
- The Endocrine System:
- Support and Movement:
- Integument System:
- Circulatory & Cardiovascular System
- Lymphatic System and Immunity
- The Renal System
- Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Homeostasis

ULS 112: Medical Anthropology Sociology and Psychology

Objective: This course is designed to introduce the students into the field of
general and social psychology. Psychoanalytic, learning, cognitive, and
sociocultural theories will be discussed in relation to the developing person
throughout the lifespan.
Content:Sociology and Psychology
A. The concept of psychology, Definition, behaviour and the focus of
psychology, The changing pattern of psychology, Becoming a distinct person
B. Human needs (Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs), individual differences,
socialization, self-image, Human interaction, Human emotion/ experience of
emotion
C. Definition/origin of social psychology/ Theories; what theories
do,Psychoanalytic theory (Freud‘s ideas, Erickson‘s ideas/Evaluation of
Psychoanalytic theory)

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 D. The learning theory: Laws of Behavior (classical conditioning, operant
conditioning), social learning theory, cognitive theory; Piaget‘s theory,
Information-processing theory
E. Sociocultural theory; Vygotsky‘s theory, evaluation of the sociocultural theory.
Comparison of Theories.
F. Personality and Personality type, hereditary forces, Development of talent and
attitude, Personality trait, effect people have on others. Genetic Counseling.
G. Organizations and groups, Social influence, Interpersonal perception/
impression formation, Social relationships, the development, maintenance,
growth and decline of relationship, Justice in social relationships
H. Communication process: Body contact, Proximity, Orientation, Odour, Posture,
Headache, Facial Expressions. Gesture, Looking, Power, Authority and
Leadership in a group, Determination of power, Authority.
I. Social attitudes, formation, Measurement and change in attitude
J. The first two years; Biosocial development; Cognitive and psychosocial
development
K. The play years: biosocial development, cognitive development, psychosocial
development
L. The school years: biosocial development, cognitive development,
psychosocial development.
M. Adolescence: biosocial development, cognitive development, and
psychosocial development
N. Early adulthood: biosocial development, cognitive development, and
psychosocial development
O. Middle adulthood: biosocial development, cognitive development, and
psychosocial development
P. Late adulthood: biosocial development, cognitive development, and
psychosocial development
Content: Medical Anthropology
A. Introduction/Definition of terms/social institution (family), The field of medical
Anthropology, The origin and theories of medical Anthropology
B. Relevance of behaviour science to the health care delivery system in Tropical
Africa
C. Forms of control and legitimacy
D. The fabric of health and major concepts (health, diseases and sickness)
E. Theoretical perspective of the field of Medicine (ecological, functional etc.),
Theoretical models of illness causation, Systems of health beliefs and practices
(scientific and non-scientific medicine)
F. The concept of disease in Tropical Africa (view /perception of diseases),
G. Social Epidemiology (behaviour/characteristic that put people at risk of
diseases), Epidemiology study design
H. System of health care delivery (traditional/modern, diagnostic
procedures/forms of treatment)

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 I. Relationship between traditional and Biomedical clinicians, The role/status of
medical practitioners and traditional healers in Africa,
Advantages/disadvantages of traditional healers
J. Applying Anthropology clinically, Power and organization in medicine
 Foundation of Medical Imaging
General Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the
various medical imaging techniques.
Content:
a) Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound
- Nature and Brief history of Ultrasound
- pioneers that shaped the technology
- principle of ultrasound
- Applications of Ultrasound (clinical)
- Advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound technology
b) Radiography technology
- History of the different radiographic techniques and the pioneers that
shaped the techniques
- X-ray, Characteristics of x-rays, units of measurement
- Radiographic terminologies used in the different techniques
- principle of the different techniques
- Applications of the radiographic techniques (clinical)
- Advantages and disadvantages of the different radiographic
techniques
c) Magnetic resonance imaging
- Historical development and pioneers that shape the technology
- Basic Physics and principle of MRI
- Basic terminology of MRI
- Advantages and disadvantages of MRI
- Applications of MRI (clinical)
d) PET imaging
- Historical development and pioneers that shape the technology
- Basic terminology of PET
- Applications of PET (clinical)
- Fundamental principles and physics of PET imaging
- Advantages and disadvantages of PET

ULS 113: Introduction to Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine

Objective: This course is aimed at giving an understanding of the basic

organization of the laboratory unit of the health sector, the major equipment, their
uses and preventive maintenance of this equipment in the laboratory. It is equally
designed to demonstrate basic management concepts required for a manual
laboratory.

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Content:
 General Introduction
- Hospital organization/Environment
- Interdisciplinary approach to medical practice
- Evidence based medicine
- Medical Process
 Laboratory organization
- Introduction to lab organization
- Structure of a medical laboratory service
- Classification of medical Labs and functions
 Laboratory Services
- Role of medical Lab service
- Role of medical Lab technologist
- Lab rules, ethics and professional issues
- Lab policies
- The major outcomes of good laboratory practice.
 Units of measurements in clinical laboratory
- Interconversion between different units
 Solutions use in medical labs and preparations
- Expressing concentration of solutions in medical lab
- Preparation of dilutions and concentrations
- Guidelines for Preparation of Stains, Solutions and Chemical Reagents.
 Lab Instrumentation and maintenance
- Centrifuge, functions and care
- Balances, functions and care
- Refrigerators/Freezers, functions and care
- Water bath/Heat blocks, functions and care
- Ovens, functions and care
- Incubators, functions and care
- Autoclaves, functions and care
- Micropipettes, functions and care
- Mixers/Vortexers, functions and care
- Spectrophotometers/colorimeters, functions and care
- Desiccators, functions and care
- PH meters, functions and care etc.
 Instruments for water purification
 Microscopes, functions and care.
 Automated analysers, functions and care.
 Glass/Plastic wares, functions and care.
 Sterilization and disinfection
 Disinfection and decontamination of Lab wastes (autoclaving
pasteurization, boiling, use of chemical disinfectants)
 Instruments, materials and method of preparing Lab water

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Uses of deionized water
 Lab accidents and safety with regards to OSHA
 Lab hazards and accidents including Microbial hazards, Chemical and
reagent hazards ,Equipment and glassware hazards
- Types of lab accidents and preventive methods
- Factors contributing to Lab hazards
- First aid for Lab hazards/accidents
- Risk assessment and management in a medical Lab
- Safe use and storage of chemical reagents
- Planning for Lab general work safety, Chemical Safety, Environmental
safety, Biological safety cabinets and bio-safety levels, Radiation safety
Laser safety.
- General precautions for the avoidance of Lab accidents
 Processing of infectious material and re-use of non-disposable equipment in
the laboratory; specimen, haematocrit tubes, swabs, cultures, slides, cover
glasses, lancets, syringes, needles, pipettes, tubes, gloves, glass and plastic
wares, disposable waste.
 Methods of lab wastes (sharps, biological etc.) disposal (incineration,
burial in a deep pit/land field)
 Introduction to QA in Lab Medicine
 Types and causes of errors in medical Labs
 Preventive strategies of Lab errors
 Introduction to Medical Lab analytical methods
 Different types of Medical Lab analytical methods

ULS 114: General Microbiology

Objective: This course is to aid the students to learn the basic microbiological
concepts that apply to allied health professionals.
Content:
A. Introduction: Scope of Microbiology, Historical milestones of Microbiology
B. Cell Structure and Taxonomy: Characterisation, classification and
identification of microorganisms
C. Diversity of Microorganisms:
 Microscopic observation of microbes and microbiological staining methods,
Bacterial characteristics.
 Rudimentary bacterial forms – Rickettsias and chlamydias, mycoplamas,
fungal characteristics and disease, Algae and protozoa, acellular infectious
agents.
D. Microbial Physiology and Genetics
 Growth and reproduction of microbes, Bacterial cultivation and
quantitative measurements of growth

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  Pure cultures and growth characteristics, Changes in Bacterial genetic
constitution
 Microbial growth control methods:Physical methods, Chemical methods
 Antibiotics, Antibiotic susceptibility testing
E. Microbial Pathogenicity and Epidemiology
 Pathogenicity of microorganisms, Disease process
 Virulence and virulence factors
 Epidemiology and disease transmission, Control of epidemic diseases
F. Body Defence Mechanisms against Infection
 Non-specific defence mechanisms against infection
 Immune responses: Antigens and antibodies, Mechanisms of antibody
formation and structure, Humoral- Mediated Immunity, Cell-mediated
immunity, Hypersensitivity
G. Infections of the Body Systems and Their Control
 Skin infections: Bacterial, viral, fungal, burns and wounds, Eye, Ear and
Mouth infections
 Respiratory tract infections, Gastrointestinal tract infections, Genito-urinary
tract infections
 Circulatory system infections
 Central nervous system infections, Hospital infection control
H. Surveillance and Epidemiology
 Nosocomial Infections
 Surveillance, purpose and benefits
 Establishing a surveillance system; comprehensive surveillance, Selective,
Source of information
 Other important diseases: Epidemiology and Prevalence, Epidemic
investigations and control. Food water and Air-borne infections of man,
Contact diseases of man.
 Medico-Sanitary Techniques and First Aid
Objective:
Content:
- General introduction
- Patient reception, records and patient room
- Clerking (history taking)
- Preparation of the room, patient‘s bed: description, types of beds, bed
making
- Personal hygiene, prevention of bed sores, position in bed, care of the
bed
- Taking of vital signs
- Definition and objectives
- Microorganisms and infection.
- Notions of general Epidemiology

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 - Field notions: resistance, receptivity
- Personal hygiene
- Nutrition
- Environmental hygiene.
- Hospital hygiene.
- Nosocomial infections and infection control
- Nursing hygiene.

ULS 115: Clinical Specimen Collection, Processing and Handling

Objective: This course is designed to teach students the role of the laboratory in
proper specimen collection and handling of specimens, standard protocols for
collection, handling and processing of specimens for transport or receipt in to or
from the laboratory.
Content:
A. Role of the Laboratory in Proper Specimen Collection
 Preparation of the patient; legal implications related to specimen collection,
ethical complications, safety measures, infection control and standard
precautions
 Storage and transportation of specimen, immediate specimen transport,
transport from non-acute settings to the laboratory, transport to special
laboratories
B. Standard Protocols for Collection, Transport and Processing Of Specimens
 Collection and transport of blood specimens (Capillary blood, Venous
blood, Arterial puncture for Arterial blood), types of blood collection tubes
and their uses, different types of anticoagulants and preservatives for
blood collection.
 Collection and transport of urine ( random urine specimens, second-voided
specimens, first morning and fasting samples, clean catch midstream urine,
catheters, Timed (24hr) urine specimen, pediatric and supra pubic
aspiration)
 Collection and transport of microbiologic specimens ( faecal, Respiratory
tract , Pus, ulcer and skin specimens,Effusions, CSF and seminal fluid,
Urogenital specimens, cervical specimens from females, hair and nail
specimens,Eye. Post mortem specimen collection, post mortem skin biopsy,
post mortem skin biopsy for diagnosis of pathogens with high infectious risk
e.g. viral hemorrhagic fever (materials, method, handling and
transportation)
 Collection, handling, transport and Storage of anatopathology specimens
C. Specimen handling and processing; general rules for handling specimens,
specimen receipt and preliminary observations, labeling of specimens, criteria
for specimen rejection, microscopic examination of direct mounts for
presumptive diagnoses where applicable.
D. Precautions for Packaging and Mailing of Specimens

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ULS 116: Clinical Practice I
Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students‘ to clinical settings and
training in the domain of Sample Collection, Processing and Handling
Content
 Demonstrate and explain universal precautions in handling bio-hazardous
materials.
 Apply the established procedures for obtaining blood by venipuncture or
capillary puncture.
 Apply the established procedures for obtaining or receiving specimens
 Apply the established procedures for receiving and registering patients
 Differentiate between appropriate specimens for processing and those that
should be rejected, including reason for the choice.
 Using reference laboratory procedure manuals, process specimens for
transport.

ULS 117: Bilingual Training I -ICT I

 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)
1. Vocabulaire
- Vocabulaire technique usuel
2. Grammaire
- Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés – présent,
passé composé ; imparfait, futur, conditionnel, et plus-que-parfait,
l‘impératif, l‘infinitif, voix passive ;
- De l’adjectif : Qualificatif, possessifs, démonstratifs, interrogatifs,
numéraux, indéfinis ;
- Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ; dénombrable,
et non-dénombrable ;
- Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif,
indéfini ;
- De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment, où,
quand et pourquoi ;
- Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication
- Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion technique ;
- Communication orale courante ;
- Communication orale interactive
- De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative, déclarative,
exclamative et impérative ;
- Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
- synthèse d‘un long texte

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 - De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de rapport,
d‘une correspondance –d‘une lettre recommandation ou de
motivation, d‘une, demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande d‘explication,
d‘une réponse à une demande d‘explication, d‘un CV ;
- Gestion d’une table ronde/discussion : La prise de notes, la prise de
parole
- Expressions figées.
4. Information and Communication Technology: 1 credit (15 hours);L, T, SPW
1. Computer Equipment (Hardware)
2. Computer software (software)
3. Study of a operating system (Windows 7)
4. Learning of a software application (Microsoft Word)

ULS 121: College Algebra and Basic Statistics

Objective: To make students to be able to apply the four fundamental
operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and other operations
like factoring, simplifying, graphing and substituting to solve problems involving some
concepts in algebra.
Content:
PART A: College Algebra
A. Some Basic Concepts
 Fundamental operations in algebra
 Algebraic equations
 Factors
 Axioms of equality
 Use of Parentheses
 Algebraic expression and its evaluation
 Monomial, multinomial and exponents
B. The Number system

 Natural numbers, negative and positive numbers.

 Rational and irrational numbers
 Number line (number scale)
 Rules for the fundamental operation

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C. Monomials and polynomials
 Polynomials
 Grouping symbols
 Fundamental operations on polynomials
 Rules for exponents
D. Special Products and Factoring
 Definition of factoring  Squaring a binomial
 Multiplying two binomials  Factoring a difference of two
 Factoring a trinomial and squares.
polynomial.
E. Fractions
 Arithmetic and Algebraic  Fundamental operations on
fractions. fractions
 Equivalent fractions.  Finding the LCD
 Reducing fractions.  Mixed numbers
 Changing complex fractions into simple fractions.
F. Exponents, Roots and Radicals
 More rules of exponents  Simplifying radicals
 Square root of a fraction  Fundamental operations on
 Fractional exponent radicals
 Rational and irrational numbers
G. Linear and Fractional Equations and Formulas
 An equation and types of equations
 Axioms of equality
 Solving equations
 Finding LCD for fractional equations having binomial denominators
 Formula – solving problems using a formula
H. Functions and Graphs
 Rectangular coordinate system
 Linear equations, solving and graph plotting
I. Quadratic equations
 Definition and types of Quadratic equations.
 Solving quadratic equations by factoring
 Transforming a quadratic equation into standard form
 Solving quadratic equations by completing squares
 Solving quadratic equations using the quadratic formula
 Solving quadratic equations by graphing.
J. Inequalities
 Definition and types of inequalities
 Operations involving inequalities
K. Ratio, Proportion, and Variation
 Ratios, and proportion
 Types of proportion

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  Variation; types and solving variation problems

SECTION B: Biostatistics&Epidemiology
A. BIOSTATISTICS
 Frequency distributions
 Measureofcentraltendency
 Measures of dispersion (variation, spread)
 Probabilitydistribution
 Sampling
 Hypothesis testing and statistical significance
 Test of significance
B. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Crude rates  Association and causation
 Adjusted rate  Diagnostic tests and screening
 Specific rates  Disease prevention
 Principles if study design  Other terminology
 Measures of effect

ULS 122: Medical Physics and General chemistry

Objective: This course aims in providing a sound basic knowledge and
understanding of the Wave theory, Radioactivity, the Electromagnetic spectrum
and their applications in health care deliveryand also basic concepts and principles
in chemistry that are useful in medical sciences.

Content:Medical Physics
A. Basics principles of Mechanics and Rotational dynamics, Clinical application of
rotational dynamics
B. Fundamentals of Pressure and its measurement, Clinical applications of pressure.
C. Fundamentals of Electricity, Clinical applications of principles of electricity
D. Basic principles of Magnetism, Applications of magnetism in medical imaging
and diagnosis
E. Wave Optics: Lenses, mirrors, prisms and gratings, Clinical application of optics
F. Basic concepts of Sound , Ultrasound and its applications in clinical practice
G. Basic concepts heat and heat energy, Clinical applications of heating
H. The Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, Clinical applications of the EM spectrum,
UV-radiations
I. Fundamentals of Radioactivity, Clinical application of radioactivity, Background
radiation and Radiation protection
J. Introduction to health Physics and dosimetry, Introduction to Medical
computing and Mathematics.
Content: General chemistry
Part 1: Basic Chemistry

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  Introduction to Chemistry, The Discovery Process, The Science of Chemistry
 Measurements in Chemistry, Matter and its characteristics, Data, results, units,
Measuring matter, Unit conversion, Error, accuracy, Precision, and uncertainty
 Significant figures, and significant notation, Significant figures in calculation of
results, Mathematical operations involving exponential notation, Temperature
measurements, Energy measurements. Report data and results using scientific
notation and proper number of significant figures.
 Concentration, Density and specific, Measuring devices, Learn the major units
of measure in English and metric systems, and be able to concert from one
system to another and within the same system.
 Compare and contrast the terms error, accuracy, precision, and uncertainty
 Matter and Energy, Physical states of matter, Composition, Properties of
matter, Properties and changes of pure substances
 Atomic Structure, Atomic mass, Dalton‘s atomic theory, General
arrangements of subatomic particles. Atomic number isotopes, Electron- dot
formulas of element
 Periodic Classification of Elements: The periodic law, the periodic table,
Periods and groups, General characteristics of some groups
 The Structure Of Compound: Chemical bonds, Ionization Energy and Electron
affinity. Using the periodic table to predict oxidation numbers, properties
formulas and types of bonding in compounds
 Chemical Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds: System chemical names,
Binary compounds containing a metal and a non- metal
 Acids, bases and salts, Common Names, Guidelines for balancing chemical
equations, Types of chemical equations
 Liquid and Water: The liquid state, Condensation and evaporation, Distillation.
Physical properties of water, Structures of water and polarity, Hydrogen
bonding in water, Reactions of water, Hydrogen peroxide
 Solutions: Types of solutions factors, affecting solubility and rate of solution,
Saturation, unsaturation and supersaturate solutions, Concentration of
solutions, Molality, Normality, Molarity
 Acids, Basis (and ionic equations): Properties and definition of acids and
bases, Strengths of acids and bases, Ion formation in aqueous solutions, pH,
and pOH, Solutions of electrolytes and non – electrolytes
 Reaction Rates and Chemical equilibrium: Reaction rates, Reversibility of
reactions and chemical equilibrium, Le Châtelier‘s principle, Weak electrolyte
equilibria, Buffer solution equilibria
Part 2: Organic Chemistry
 Organic chemistry: Shapes and structures of organic molecules, Alkanes,
Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Hydocarbon derivatives – alcohol/
ethers, aldehydes and ketones/ carboxylic acids/ esters/ amides/ amines
Part 3: Nuclear Chemistry

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  Radioactivity: Natural radioactivity, artificial radioactivity, Half-life
measurement of radio activity, Uses of radioactive isotopes.

ULS 123: Stool and Urogenital Specimen Analysis

Objective: This course aims at describing the different methods used for analyzing
stool and urogenital samples for identification and quantification of parasites that
can be observed in them.
Content:
A. Quality control of parasitological tests
 Specimen/request form, quality control (pre-analytical, analytical and post-
analytical stages), controlling stains and reagents for analysis, slides/cover
glasses, microscopy and centrifugation.
 Collection and transport of stool samples, preservation of parasites and
permanent mounts; preservation and fixation of faecal parasites and
preservation of worms
B. Classification of medically important parasites that can be found in stool;
amoebae, flagellates, ciliates, coccidian, microsporidia, flukes, tapeworms,
nematodes
C. Mode of transmission of the above parasites; parasitic and host factors, parasites
associated with HIV.
D. Examination of Feces
 Reasons for examination of specimens, collection and processing of faecal
specimens for parasitic examination such as dysenteric stools etc.
 Direct examination of faeces for parasites; reporting appearance of stool,
microscopic examination of faecal specimen, identification of larvae,
helminthes eggs, intestinal flagellates, ciliates, cyst and oocyst, faecal
leucocytes, other non-parasitic structures found in faeces.
 Concentration techniques for stool analysis (sedimentation and floatation);
formol ether concentration techniques (principle, requirements, methodology
and microscopic examination of preparation. Zinc sulphate floatation
technique, saturated sodium chloride floatation technique, Stoll‘s technique
(principle, requirements, methodology, and microscopic examination of
preparation)
 Examination of stool specimen for:
- E histolyticatrophozoites, cyst of E dispar/E. histolytica, staining of chromatoid
bodies, other non-pathogenic cyst that can be observed in stool.
- Blastocystishominis, Glamblia (trophozoite, cyst), Balantidium coli (trophozoite,
cyst)
- Laboratory diagnosis of Isospora belli, Cryptosporidium parvum, Microsporidia,
identification of helminthes eggs and larvae in faeces (Ascarislumbricoides,
Trichiuristrichiura, Necatoramericanus, A duodenalis, S stecoralis (direct and
concentration techniques)

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 - Intestinal schistosomal species; examination of feces for schistosomal egg,
direct and semi quantitative techniques (Kato Katz, formol detergent field
technique for concentrating and quantifying schistosome eggs) and
interpretation of egg count.
- Examination of feces for C sinensis eggs, examination of duodenal fluid, for C
sinensis egg, laboratory diagnosis of facioliasis, Heterophyesheterophyes, M
yokogawai, Dicrocoelumdendriticum, laboratory diagnosis of Taeniasaginata,
Taeniasolium.
- Examination of feces for D latum, Hymenolepis nana, and examination of
perianal specimens for pinworm (Enterobiusvermiculariseggs.
- Laboratory diagnosis of toxocariases, filariasis, onchocerciasis and loaisis.
- Laboratory diagnosis of liver, lung trematodes, and cestodes (Taeniasolium,
Taeniasaginata, Diphyllobotriunlatum and Echinoccocusgranulosus)
E. Microscopic examination of urogenital specimens;
 Preparation and staining of smear for patients with suspected bacterial
vaginitis, candidiasis, puerperal sepsis, septic abortion.
 Possible pathogens that can be isolated from urethral swabs, cervical swabs
and vaginal swabs, possible pathogens that can be isolated from genital
ulcer specimens, and commensals in urethral, vaginal and cervical swabs.
 Collection and transportation of cervical, urethral and vaginal swabs;
collection of urethral discharge from male patients, collection of cervical
discharge from female patients, cervical smear for malignancy.
F. Culture and identification of intestinal parasites (types of media used, inoculation
and incubation of media for different organisms).
 Isolation and identification of intestinal parasites (cultural, serological and
biochemical identification)
G. Culture and identification of urogenital parasites (types of media used,
inoculation and incubation of media for different organisms).
 Isolation and identification of urogenital parasites (cultural, serological and
biochemical identification) of intestinal parasites.

ULS 124: Urine and Body Fluid Analysis

Objective: The aim of this course is to provide basic knowledge on the
composition of urine and other body fluids, their deviations from normal that can
occur with these fluids and how they can be analyzed macroscopically and
microscopically in the laboratory to assist in diagnosis as a means of confirming or
evaluating an abnormal physiochemical finding which is clinically useful.
Content:
A. URINE (microscopy and urinalysis)
 Formation of urine, Collection and processing of specimen (method,
preservation of urine for suspected disease conditions, timing, handling and

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 transportation), Quality assurance/instrumentation in urinalysis
(Equipment/systems, request forms, standard quality control procedures)
 Macroscopic examination of urine:Physical characteristics; Colour/odour
(pathogenic and non-pathogenic substances that colour urine),
Appearance, Specific gravity (urinometer, refractometer and reagent strips)
 Chemical examination, Glycosuria/Reducing substances (glucose oxidase
test, clinitest tablets, benedicts qualitative test), Proteinuria (reagent test
strips method, sulfosalicylic acid screening test, heat and acetic acid test)
Bence-Jones proteins (heat precipitation, toluene sulfuric acid test), Urinary
pH, Occult blood/hematuria/hemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria (Reagent
strips,Hematest, Ammonium sulphate test),Ketones (Reagent strips, Harts
test), Bilirubin (reagent strips, ICTOTEST, Foam test, Smith Iodine test, Harrison
spot test), Urobilinogen (reagent strips, Ehrlich‘S qualitative test), Nitrite (N-
Multistix, Chemistrip 8) Leucocyturia, Ascorbic acid
 Microscopic urinalysis: Normal urinary sediment; Preparation of sediment
and use of microscope (methodology and examination), Blood cells
(erythrocytes, Leukocytes), Epithelial cells (renal tubular, transitional and
squamous),Crystals and significance (Acid urine, Alkaline urine),
Spermatozoa, Mucus threads in urine.Urinary cast (Hyaline,WBC, RBC, and
others), Microorganisms (bacteria, Yeast), Cylindroids, Fats and oil droplets,
Contaminants and artifacts) and their significance in urine, Abnormal
urinary sediment; Blood cells, Epithelial cells, Abnormal crystal, Artifacts in
urine, Abnormal casts, Parasites in urine (Trichomonasvaginalis,
Enterobiusvermicularis, Schistosomahaematobium)
 Preparation and examination of wet mounts of urine, Preparation and
examination of gram-stained smear of urine, Testing urine for HCG, Urine
culture media, Technique for culture, Estimating, reporting and interpreting
bacterial number/count in urine
 Metabolic Diseases diagnosed by urinalysis: Marple Syrup Urine Disease
(Description, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment)
B. BODY FLUID ANALYSIS
 Types and origin of body fluids and effusions; causes of effusions and
possible pathogen in effusions
 Body fluid compartments, composition of body fluids, factors affecting
water/solute movements between vessels and tissues, concentration of
body fluids
 Examination of effusions; appearance of specimens, examination of fluids
for cells, estimation of protein in the fluid preparation and examination of
gram smear of effusions, preparation and examination of Zhiel Nelson
stained smear of effusions. Wet mount preparation in suspected gout
specimens for crystals, cytology smears for suspected malignancy samples,

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  Analysis of CSF; Analysis of Synovial fluid Analysis of Joint FluidsAmniotic fluid,
Analysis of Ascitic/Peritoneal Fluid, seminal fluid

ULS 125: Communication and Counseling in Clinical Setting

Objective: The aim of this course is to explore the nature of human
communication and the role of the lab technologist in maintaining effective
communication.
Content:
 Overview of the Importance of Communication
 Levels of Communication in the Communication Process
 Verbal/Nonverbal/Written Communication
 Making Communication Effective/Principles of Effective Communication
 Communication Theories
 Developing and Using a Professional Language
 Counseling in clinical practice
 Application of communication and counselling in Clinical setting

ULS 126: Clinical Practice II

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students‘ to clinical settings
and training in the domain of urine and body fluid analysis and in the domain of
Stool and Urogenital Fluid Analysis.
Content
1. Automated Urinalysis.
 Perform the analysis of patient urine specimens using the automated
system.
 Perform or verify calibration or standardization of the instrument.
 Recognize instrument problems and warnings and perform procedures to
correct these problems.
 Following instructor demonstration and using the instrument manual and
maintenance manual. Perform, with minimal supervision, maintenance
and troubleshooting procedures assigned by the instructor.
 Following instructor demonstration and using the procedure manual,
perform without direct assistance, urine sample preparation prior to testing.
2. Physical and Chemical Urine Testing.
 Following instructor demonstration and using the procedure manual,
perform without direct assistance, urine sample preparation prior to testing.
 Using the procedure manual, perform without direct assistance assessment
of physical characteristics of urine.
 Using the procedure manual, perform without direct assistance, reducing
substance testing of urine.
3. Microscopic Urine Exam

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  Using the procedure manual, perform without direct assistance, urine
sample preparation prior to microscopic examination.
 Using the procedure manual, perform with minimal supervision, proper
adjustment of the microscope to be used for microscopic exam.
 Using the procedure manual, perform with minimal supervision, routine
microscopic urine exam.
4. Urine Pregnancy Test.
 Using the procedure manual, perform without direct assistance, urine
sample preparation prior to pregnancy testing.
 Using the procedure manual, and following instructor demonstration,
perform with minimal supervision, pregnancy testing of urine.
5. Specimen Collection:
 Apply the established procedures for obtaining or receiving specimens,
including examination of requisitions and logging in of specimens.
 Differentiate between appropriate specimens for processing and those
that should be rejected, including reasons for the choice.
 Identify and integrate reasons for choice of the appropriate media,
atmospheric conditions, temperature and demonstrate the proper and
inoculation techniques for isolation of micro-organism.
6. Macroscopy
 The colour of the stool
 The appearances of the stool
 Using the procedure manual, perform the minimal supervision, after
observation.

7. Microscopy
 Following instructors demonstrate and using the procedure manual,
perform microscopic analysis.
 Should be able to manipulate the microscope.
 To be able to identify eggs, cysts and trophoziotes and distinguish them
 Should be able to distinguish helminthes from protozoa.
 Should be able to perform feacal occult test and interpret results with
minimal supervision.

ULS 127: Bilingual Training II and ICT II

 English: 2 credits (30 hours)
1. Vocabulary
- Technical and usual vocabulary of the specialty
2. Grammar
3. Bilingual expression

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 - Understanding in interaction in Technical Discussions
- Continuous oral communication: Show, explain, develop, summarize,
account, comment;
- Interactions oral communication
4. Autonomous reading of "writings" of all levels
- Lead by a quick reading to understand the general sense;
- Browse a text long enough to locate desired information;
- Gather information from different parts of the document or of the different
documents in order to accomplish a specific task.
5. Write clear, detailed texts
- Essay writing;
- Application for employment;
- C.V.;
- Letter of motivation;
- Letter/memo writing and minutes of a meeting.
 Information and Communication Technology: 1 credit (15 hours);L, T, SPW
1. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus
2. General information on computer networks
3. Networks withoutwires
4. Learning of a software application

ULS 231: Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the
fundamental principles of acoustic physics.
Course outcome: At the completion of this course the student will be able to:
 Convert numbers from one unit to another in the metric system.
 Describe characteristics of a sound wave.
 Label waveform anatomy on diagrams of a continuous sound wave
(CW) and pulsed sound wave (PW).
 Identify how the different types of wave interference are produced.
 Compare and contrast continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW)
characteristics (i.e. duty factor).
 Describe the relationship between speed of sound, frequency and
wavelength.
 Compare and contrast acoustic variables (density, pressure) and
describe their effect on propagation velocity.
 Compare and contrast beam intensity, beam amplitude, beam power
and beam area.
 Compare the relative propagating velocities and acoustic impedances
(Z values) for soft tissue, bone, air, fat, etc.

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  Compare the relationship between the media properties (density,
compressibility) and their effect on sound propagation.
 Discuss specular reflection with regard to reflected energy level, normal
incidence, and oblique incidence.
 Discuss scattering with regard to scattered energy level and frequency
of the sound beam.
 Identify structures within the body causing reflection and scattering.
 Discuss the contributions of scattering and specular reflection to a
diagnostic ultrasound image.
 Identify the effect of acoustic impedance on the sound beam.
 Apply Snell‘s law to varying degrees of angle of incidence.
 Diagram the angle of refraction in the presence of varying Z values and
medium velocities.
 List and describe the components of sound attenuation.
 Discuss the relationship of attenuation to frequency, penetration, and
attenuation coefficient.

1. The Nature of Sound

a. Wave Parameters: Propagation Velocity, Frequency, Wavelength, Wave
Phase, Period, Amplitude, Intensity, Spatial Intensity, Temporal Intensity,
Intensity Measurements
b. Acoustic Variables: Pressure, Particle Displacement, Density
2. Interaction with Soft Tissue: Attenuation, Attenuation Coefficient, Acoustic
Impedance, Diffraction & Divergent, Reflection, Angle of Insonation, Reflection
Coefficients, Specular Reflection, Non-specular Reflection (Scattering), Refraction,
ultrasound terminology and units of measurement.
3. Sonographic Image Interpretation
a. Morphology: Contour, Internal Echo Pattern
b. Acoustic Physical Interactions
c. Artifacts in Interpretation: Reverberation, Posterior Acoustic Shadowing,
Slice Thickness Artifact
d. Classification of Structures: Cystic, Solid, and Complex
4. Pulse Echo Imaging
a. Pulse Wave Parameters: Pulse Duration, Spatial Pulse Length, Pulse
Repetition Frequency, Pulse Repetition Period, Duty Factor.
5. Real-time Scanning
a. General Considerations: Demonstration of Organ Motion, Anatomical
Surveying, Optimizing Imaging Windows
b. Real-time Transducers: Electronic (phased) Probes, Beamformers
c. Pulses, Lines & Frames: Pulse Listen Time, Frame Time, Frame Rate
6. Transducers & Beam Geometry
a. Transducers: Piezoelectric Effect, Piezoelectric Crystals, Transducer
Construction, Frequency Bandwidth, Q Factor

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 b. Beam Geometry: Beam regions, Divergence & Diffraction, Wavefront
Formation (Huygens Principle), Beam Focusing
c. Resolution: Axial Resolution, Temporal Resolution, Lateral Resolution
7. Image Artifacts
a.Resolution Group: Axial Resolution, Lateral Resolution, Speckle Artifact
popcorn, Slice (Section) Thickness Artifact
b. Propagation Path Group: Reverberation Artifact, Ring-down (Comet Tail)
Artifact, Multipath Artifact, Mirror Image Artifact, Side Lobe Artifact, Grating
Lobe Artifact
c.Attenuation Group: Posterior Acoustic Shadowing, Posterior Acoustic
Enhancement, Refractory Shadowing
d. Miscellaneous Group: Speed Error Artifact, Range Ambiguity Artifact,
Electronic Noise

8. Imaging System Components

a. Image Display Modalities: A-mode, B-mode, M-mode, Display Devices
b. Imaging System Components: Master Synchronize, Transducer, Pulse
Transmitter, Receiver
c. Analog vs. Digital Methods: Binary Representation, Analog Scan Converter,
Digital Scan Converter
d. Scanner Controls: Output Power, Dynamic Range, Pre-processing, Post-
processing, Edge Enhancement, Fill-in Interpolation, Image Updating, Image
Zoom, Grayscale Assignment, Thresholding, Image Polarity, Freeze Frame

 Ultrasound ergonomics, General description of devices and technology II

Providing equipment and instruments that adapt to the operator‘s.
- Introduction of principals of ergonomics
- Describing human body with respect to the necessary motions and
activities
- Rational of space, time and time work: describing the anthropometric
characteristics, motion efficiency, access to tools and instruments,
complementary of teams roles and infections control
- Operator and environmental harmony establishment:describing the
working posture and stress free work

ULS 232: Essentials of Ultrasound and Patients Care Skills

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the various skills
involve in patient care at the ultrasound unit and
Content
A. Essentials of ultrasound
 Sonographer development
 Sonographer as a student

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  Sonographer safety issues
 Medico-legal aspect of sonography
 Ethics, professional development and leadership
 Sound future
B. patient care skills
 Patient-sonographers interaction
- Sonographers obligation
- patients right, environment, care
- vital sign measurement
- caring for patients with tubes
- safety provision
- Emergency medical situations
- Assisting patients with special needs
 Communication and critical thinking skills
- Basic survival needs
- Communication characteristic
- Communication factors
- Patients with special communication problem
- Professional communication

ULS 233: Obstetrics and Gynecological Ultrasonography

Objective: The purpose of this course is to provide students with the basic
knowledge, techniques and procedures for evaluating the female pelvis and
developing fetus with real-time 2-D and Doppler imaging. Students will be provided
with scan lab demonstration and techniques that will allow them to apply what they
learn in class to live scan models.
Content
 Indications for performing a pelvic ultrasound.
 Pelvic skeleton, muscles and ligaments.
 Location, anatomy (measurements, vasculature) and physiology of pelvic
organs and structures and Pathophysiology.
 Uses of ultrasound in the assessment of normal pelvic organs and structures
(sonographic appearance).
 Maternal physiology (ultrasound of the mentral and ovarian cycle)
 Infertility/endocrinology conditions and related anatomy and physiology.
 Assessment of normal and abnormal postmenopausal conditions.
 Pathologies of the female pelvis.
 Indications for performing an obstetrical ultrasound.
 Normal first, second and third trimester anatomy.
 Normal placenta and related anatomy and physiology.
 Normal amniotic fluid measurements.
 Multiple gestations.

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  Obstetrics pathologies

ULS 234: Scanning Techniques and Protocols

Objective: The purpose of this course is to provide the students with
standardize scanning criteria and image documentation for physician interpretation.
Content:
a) Abdominal Scanning Protocols
 abdominal aorta scanning protocol
 In vena cava scanning protocol
 Liver scanning protocol
 Gall bladder and biliary tract scanning protocol
 Pancreas scanning protocol
 Renal scanning protocol
 Spleen scanning protocol
b) Pelvic scanning protocols
 Female pelvis scanning protocol
 Male pelvis protocol
c) Obstetrical scanning protocols
 First trimester scanning protocol
 Second and third trimester scanning protocol

ULS 235: Obstetric and Gynecological Ultrasonography Review

Objective: The purpose of this course is to prepare students to sit for their national
board examination and the ARDMS board examinations.
Content
 Review on the normal anatomy of the female pelvic organs and
associated structures
 Review on the normal fetal anatomy and pathologies associated with
fetal anatomy
 Review on the ARDMS content for obstetric and gynecological
sonography outline.
 Review on examination taking skills and strategies.
 Review mock examination on obstetric and gynecological sonography

ULS 236: Clinical Practice III

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students‘ to clinical

settings and training in the domain of obstetric and gynecological ultrasonography
Content
Continued discussion of the following topics as they relate to clinical education:
 Communication Skills ( both verbal and written)
 Patient Care Skills

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  Instrumentation
 Standard procedural scanning protocol of the female pelvic and image
acquisition
 Standard procedural obstetric scanning protocol and image acquisition
 Observation and identification of Normal and Abnormal female pelvic
organs and associated structures on images obtained
 Observation and identification of Normal and Abnormal fetal Anatomy
on images obtained
 Ultrasound reporting and recording
 Clinical Competency evaluation.

ULS 237: Initiation to research

 Initiation to research: 3 credit (45 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Research in Ultrasonography
2. Sources of knowledge
3. Methods of reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports

ULS 241: Quality control in conventional ultrasounds techniques (ISO

9001), Environmental management system (ISO 1401) and the patient
protection
Quality Control: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, PW
1. Quality control to the patients: H. Michel
- Introduction to a quality approach;
- What is the quality;
- TQM/quality assurance;
- Home and patient satisfaction;
- Inquiry;
- Standards of home;
- Introduction to Quality Control: (quality of the treatment and safety of
the patient), - in radiotherapy; - in radiology.
2. Quality control In radiotherapy
- S. Vynckier;
- Importance;
- Recommendations;
- Quality control of devices of treatment;
- Quality controls; Mechanical

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 - Controls of dosimetric qualities;
- Quality control systems for the planning;
- Quality control of scanners for use in radiotherapy; - dosimetry in vivo.

3. Quality control radiology - J. Causing;

- Evaluation of doses to the patient;
- Medical exposures;
- The quantities used in patient dosimetry;
- Measurement and Calculation of patient doses;
- Ct scan;
- Barium enema;
- Interventional chest;
- Optimization of the dose to the patient;
- Reference level;
- Factors of optimization;
- Optimization of the dose and the quality of the image; - quality
control.
4. The quality assurance
5. Legal aspect of quality control
6. Quality control in mammography
7. Criteria of Quality of image,
8. Criteria for acceptability of facilities

ULS 242: Sectional Anatomy- Abdominal and Pelvic

Objective: This course is aimed at providing the student with the knowledge of the
different abdomino-pelvic organs and structures viewed from different sections
Content
 Anatomical landmarks, body planes and body regions.
 Anatomy layering of the abdominopelvic regions to show the locations of
each organ and its relationship with the other organs/structures
a) Abdominal cavity organs/structures
b) Pelvic cavity organs/structures
 Cross sectional anatomy of the abdominopelvic regions
a) Cross sectional anatomy of the abdomen
i. TRV
ii. SAG
b) Cress sectional anatomy of the pelvis
i. TRV
ii. SAG
 Organ specific sectional anatomy (sonographic sections)
a) Liver and associate structures

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 i. TRV
ii. LONG
b) Pancreas
i. TRV
ii. LONG
c) Kidneys
i. TRV
ii. LONG
d) Abdominal Aorta /IVC
i. TRV
ii. LONG
e) Urinary Bladder/Prostate
i. LONG
ii. TRV

ULS 243: Abdomino-pelvic Ultrasonography

Objective: The purpose of this course is to provide students with the basic
knowledge, techniques and procedures for evaluating Abdomino-pelvic organs
with real-time 2-D and Doppler imaging. Students will be provided with scan lab
demonstration and techniques that will allow them to apply what they learn in class
to live scan models.
Content:
 General overview of the various body systems.
 Abdominal Vasculature (main arteries and veins)
 Normal anatomy and physiology of the GIT.
 Anatomy and physiology of Liver and the biliary system.
 Anatomy and physiology of pancreas and the spleen.
 Anatomy and physiology of urino-genital system (Kidneys, bladder and
the prostate)
 Cell Injury – Overview and causes
 Reversible And irreversible changes of cell injury
 Pathologies associated with abdominal vasculature
 Pathologies associated with the liver
 Pathologies associated with Spleen, kidneys and the adrenal glands.
 Pathologies of Gallbladder, Bile duct and the Pancreas.
 Pathologies associated with the urinary bladder and the prostate gland.
 Pathologies associated with fluid collection.
 Anatomy and physiology of the male pelvic
 Pathologies associated with the male pelvic organs and associated
structures

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ULS 244: Abdomino-pelvic Ultrasonography Review
Objective: The purpose of this course is to prepare students to sit for their national
board examination and the ARDMS board examinations.
Content
 Review on the normal anatomy of the abdominal organs and
associated structures
 Review on pathologies associated with abdominal organs
 Review on abdominal organs standard scanning protocol
 Review on the ARDMS content outline.
 Review on examination taking skills and strategies.
 Review mock examination on abdominal ultrasound

ULS 245: Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation Review

Objective: The purpose of this course is to prepare students to sit for their national
board examination and the ARDMS board examinations.
Content
 Review on the basic principle of acoustic physics and ultrasound
knobology.
 Review on the ARDMS content outline on ultrasound physics and
instrumentation.
 Review on examination taking skills and strategies.
 Review mock examination on ultrasound physics and instrumentation I

ULS 246: Clinical Practice IV

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students‘ to clinical settings
and training in the domain of abdominal sonography.
Content
Continued discussion on the following topics as they relate to clinical education:
 Communication Skills ( both verbal and written)
 Patient Care Skills
 Instrumentation
 Observation and identification of Normal and Abnormal Anatomy of
abdominal organs on images obtained
 Standard procedural scanning protocol of the different abdominal
organs and image acquisition
 Ultrasound reporting and recording
 Clinical Competency evaluation

ULS 247: Medical Law

 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law and sources
2. The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)

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 3. The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
4. The delegate of the staff, unions
5. Work accidents and occupational diseases
6. The hygiene and safety in the workplace

 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

Nature and function of the management of personnel, training and staff
development, supervision and evaluation of employees; assessment of jobs and
administration of salaries; trade union organizations and labor legislation, collective
bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to employees. Practical
application in industrial administration, public and the hospital.
 Civil law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Society, ethics and the law; the foundation of the right and of the social life;
concepts of health and education; place of the body in moral and in law; the right
and duties of the individual and of the Community (right of patients, the rights of the
person and the health care system); privatization and publicisation of health,
respect for private life and social cost of health.

ULS 351: Public Health and Epidemiology /Politics and Health Management
System
 Public Health and Epidemiology
Objective: The aim of this course is to improve or sustain the health status in
individuals who are well and to promote the health of the public/ community.

Content:
A. Public Health

1. Hygiene
 Personal hygiene  Hospital hygiene
 Environmental hygiene  Food hygiene
 Introduction to health and public health

2. Health and Development

 Public health notion
 History and evolution of health care in Cameroon
 Stakes of health sector strategy
 Reorientation of primary health care:
 History and evolution of primary health care in Cameroon
 PHC-alma-at definition, components, and organization
 Lusaka conference, Bamako initiative (implication in Cameroon)
 Organization and functioning
 Health coverage

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  Community health
 Health care financing
 Levels of health care: central, intermediate, and peripheral levels
 The health district
 An integrated health centre
 Minimum package of activities of an integrated health centre and a
district hospital
 Principles of care in an integrated health centre
 Community involvement
 Co-financing, co-management
 Cost recovery
 Essential drugs and basic health package

B. Epidemiology/Entomology/Prophylaxis/Vaccination

a. Epidemiology
 Definition
 Epidemiological triangle
 Definition of term: incidence, prevalence, morbidity, lethality,
contagiousness, attack rate, level of alertness, primary and secondary
alertness
 Epidemiological survey/Introduction to demography: birth rate, natural
growth rate
 Epidemiology concepts: endemics, epidemics, endemo-epidermics,
pandemics
 Demographic notion

b. Entomology
 Definition and general information on arthropods of medical
importance, vulminants, vesicant of medical importance and inticant
insects
 Brachycera
 Dipthera: cyclorrhapha ( stinging insects, blood sucking insects, tse-tse
flies, mosquitoes, chrisops
 Orthorrhapha: Cyclops
 Nematocera: culicidae( culex, anopheles, acdes)
 Ceratopogonidoe ( phlebotomus, celicoides)
 Aphaniptera (fleas)
 Anoplura(lice)
 Arachnida: spider, scorpion, mites
 Malacopathia
 Bullosa, planorbid

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c. Prophylaxis
 Definition of prophylaxis  Quarantine
 Prophylactic measures  Determination rate
 Prophylactic declaration  Destruction of insects
 Early screening  Fight against snails
 Isolation  Physical chemical and
 Radioactive pollution control
 Chemoprophylaxis

d. Vaccination/immunization
 Definition and classification
 Expanded program on immunization: origin, target population
 Origin, target population, main vaccines, vulnerable groups
 Vaccination strategies and vaccine reactions
 Management of immunization activities
 Planning, organization, supervision, evaluation of immunization
coverage
 Procurement and storage of vaccines/cold chain
 Monitoring of immunized population and IEC
 Cameroon vaccination schedule: new born, pre-school age and adults

C. Alternative and Traditional Medicine

 Traditional medicine
 Medical practices in the traditional environment
 Alternative medicine: Chinese medicine, medicinal plants, homeopathy
and manual practices

D. Health Promotion
 Definition
 Health promotional activities
 Benefits of health promotion
 The role of the nurse in health promotion

E. Occupational/school Health
 Aims  Principles
 Objectives  Strategies

 Politics and Health Management System

Objective: The aim of this course is to clearly bring out the classification of the
Cameroon health system.
Content:
1. Definition of concepts: health system, health policy

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 2. Schematic representation of a health system
3. History and evolution of health systems in Cameroon
4. Description of the national health system in Cameroon: concept on the
decisions of the conferences of Lusaka and Bamako, basic elements of the
reorientation primary health care, health pyramid and its components, the
national health system in Cameroon with the unit of integration, principles of
care as defined by the reo. S.S.P, structure of the health district with its
minimum package of activities, concept of role, concept of the financing and
management of activities, concept on the recovery of costs, concept on the
essential drugs and generic, concept is based on the document a sectoral
strategy Health , basic concept on the strategy paper for growth and
employment, basic concept on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, a
concept on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS), a concept on social
inequality, the servicing of the health district: steps, a concept on the priority
program of health in Cameroon: justification of a health program,
components of a program, Determinants The success Of health programs.
ULS 352: Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation II
Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the fundamental of
Doppler physics and hemodynamic.
Content
 Doppler instrumentation and hemodynamics
- Doppler effect
- Factors influencing the magnitude of the Doppler shift frequency
- Continuous wave and pulsed wave Doppler
- Doppler PRF, Nyquist limit and aliasing
- Color flow imaging
- Power Doppler imaging
- Duplex Doppler imaging
- Spectral analysis
- Doppler artifacts
- Hemodynamics (laminar and turbulent flow, velocity profiles,
energy, etc.)
 Quality assurance / quality control of equipment
- Preventive maintenance
- Malfunctions
- Performance testing with phantoms
 Recording and storage devices, bio effects and ALARA

ULS 353: Basic echocardiography

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the structure of
the heart, its associated pathologies and the echographic scanning protocol
involve in diagnosing heart diseases.

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 Content
A) Echocardiography
a) Anatomy of the thoracic cavity
b) Normal Anatomy of the heart
 Location and size of the heart
 Heart Chambers, valves and layers of the heart wall
 Normal variants associated with the heart
 Sonographic appearance of heart structures
c) Physiology of the Human Heart
 Circulatory systems ( systemic, pulmonary, coronary)
 Conduction system
 Electrocardiogram (correlation of ECG with atrial and ventricular
systole)
 Cardiac cycle ( systole/diastole, heart sound, cardiac output)
d) Echocardiography scanning protocol and measurements
 Windows of the heart and their views (with the corresponding structures
examined)
 Patient preparation and position
 Transducer selection and orientation
 Heart survey
i. 2 D examination protocol and measurements
ii. M-Mode evaluation and measurements
(Dimension of the chambers and wall thickness, valvular evaluation,
LVEDD, LVESD etc)
iii. Blood flow Haemodynamics and Doppler evaluation/ measurements
(Ejection fractions, pressure gradient, mean pressure gradient, peak velocity,
mean velocity etc
 Echocardiography reporting
e) Valvular Diseases
 Valvular Stenosis  Prostatic Valve
 Valvular Regurgitation  Infective Endocarditis
 Valvular prolapse
f) Pericardial Diseases
 Pericardial Effusion  Constrictive Pericarditis
 Cardiac Tamponade
g) Myocardial diseases
 Restrictive  Amyloidosis
Cardiomyopathies  Sarcoidosis
 Endomyocardial  Hemochromatosis
Fibrosis
h) Congenital Heart Diseases
 Atrial Septal Defect  Endocardial Cushion
Defect

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  Ventricular Septal  Tricuspid Atresia
Defect  TruncusArteriosus
 Patent  Complete TGA
DuctusArteriosus  Corrected TGA
 Ebstein's Anomaly  Coarctation of Aorta
 Valvular Pulmonic  Eisenmenger
Stenosis Syndrome
 Tetralogy of Fallot  Visualizing Coronaries
i) Miscellanous
 Ischemic Heart Disease
 Systemic Hypertension  Carcinoid Heart Disease
 Pulmonary  Evaluation of Left
Hypertension Ventricular Function
 Cardiac Tumors  Left Ventricular
Diastolic Function

ULS 354: Introduction to Conventional X-ray

Objective: The aim of this course is to provide the students with knowledge
and basic skills in medical radiology (conventional x-rays)
Content:
 Introduction to radiographic imaging
- Generator
- X-ray tube
- Control console
 kVp and mA and their functions
 functions of the rectifier
 Radiographic Film Production
- Radiography films screens and cassettes,
- Manual film processing
- Automatic film processing
 - Effects of patient status on radiographic images Initial set up of
the radiologic suite
- Design and placement of the x-ray suite
- Design of the darkroom
- Equipment recommendations
- State requirements
 Introduction to radiographic positioning and procedures.
- radiographic terminology, body movement terminology,
anatomical plans
- bony landmarks, basic rules for radiographic positioning
- radiographic positioning and procedure for chest and spine

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 - radiographic positioning and procedure for abdomen and
pelvic girdle
- radiographic positioning and procedure for upper and lower
extremities
 Introduction radiographic contrast media exams
- Brief description of the different types of contrast media
- radiographic positioning and procedure for contrast media
exams
 Radiographic evidence of common pathologies
 Quality control and radiation safety
- Quality control
- Radiation protection

ULS 355: Basic Electrocardiography (ECG)

Objective: This is aimed at enlightening the students on heart electrical
current and how it can be used for diagnoses.
Contents
 The basics of EKG
- Electricity and the heart
- Time and voltage
- P waves, ORS complexes, T waves and some straight lines
- The 12 views of the heart
- Vectors
- The normal 12 lead EKG
 Hypertrophy and Enlargement of the heart.
- definition
- Axis Deviation, hypertrophy and enlargement
- Atrial enlargement
- Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Cases
 Arrhythmias
- Clinical manifestation of arrhythmias
- Why arrhythmias happen
- Rhythm shops
- The four basic types of arrhythmias
- Ectopic rhythms
- Ventricular arrhythmias
- Cases
 Conduction blocks
- What is conduction - Bundle branch
block? block
- AV blocks - Hemiblocks

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 - Pacemakers
- Preexcitation syndromes
- Definition
- Wolff – Parkinson – white syndrome
- Lown – Ganong-levinesyndome
- Associated arrhythmias
- Cases
 Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction.
- Definition,
- How to diagnose a myocardial infarction and ischemia
- localizing the infarct, Non-Q wave myocardial infarctions
- Angina
- Limitation of the EKG in diagnosing – an infraction.

ULS 356: Clinical Practice V

Objective: The purpose of this course is to allow the student to continue
rotational clinical training in the domain of echocardiography,
electrocardiography and basic x-ray.
Content
Continued discussion of the following topics as they relate to clinical education:
 Communication Skills ( both verbal and written)
 Patient Care Skills
 Instrumentation
 Observation and identification of Normal and Abnormal Anatomy
and physiology of the heart on images/strip obtained
 Observation and identification of Normal and Abnormal Anatomy
of the musculoskeletal system on images obtained
 Standard procedural scanning protocol of the heart and image
acquisition
 Standard procedural scanning protocol of the musculoskeletal
system and image acquisition
 Ultrasound/X-ray reporting and recording
 Clinical Competency evaluation

ULS 357: Medical Law and Legal Issues

Content:
 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law and sources
2. The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)
3. The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
4. The delegate of the staff, unions
5. Work accidents and occupational diseases
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 6. The hygiene and safety in the workplace
 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Nature and function of the management of personnel, training and staff
development, supervision and evaluation of employees; assessment of jobs
and administration of salaries; trade union organizations and labor legislation,
collective bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to
employees. Practical application in industrial administration, public and the
hospital.
 Civil law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Society, ethics and the law; the foundation of the right and of the social life;
concepts of health and education; place of the body in moral and in law;
the right and duties of the individual and of the Community (right of patients,
the rights of the person and the health care system); privatization and
publicisation of health, respect for private life and social cost of health.
Autonomy, participation, etc.

ULS 361: Introduction to Ultrasound Guided Techniques

Objective: The purpose of this course is to provide students with introductory
knowledge, techniques and procedures for ultrasound guided techniques.
Content:
 Ultrasound guided abdominal procedures
- drainage of pleural effusion, drainage of abscesses
- The evaluation of joint effusions, bursitis, and Baker‘s cysts etc.
- percutaneous Gastrointestinal Biopsy
- Intraoperative ultrasound and Laparoscopic ultrasound
- Ultrasound contrast agents in the abdomen
- The treatment of primary and secondary hepatic tumours by
percutaneous methods
- Endoscopic ultrasound

 Ultrasound guided obstetrics and gynecological procedures

- amniocentesis
- Transvaginal oocyte retrieval
- drainage of abscesses, drainage of cystic masses
- Cordocentesis
- Chorion villus sampling
- Embryo reduction, Fetocide, Intrauterine therapy

 Structure, Function and Maintenance of Equipments

Objective: An ultrasound work alone for long periods of time, therefore
emphasis is placed on equipment maintenance and developing an
understanding of how the equipment operates in order to facilitate repairs.

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 Content: The ultrasound Clinic, Its instruments and equipment. Instruments:
types, identification, source of supply.

ULS 362: Introduction to Pediatrics ultrasound

Objective: This course aims at introducing the students to the basic
knowledge and skills involved in Pediatrics sonography.
Content
General issues of methods and equipment
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital anomalies
a) The urinary tract
- Embryology
- Ultrasound scanning preparation, techniques and normal
ultrasound appearance
- Urinary tract anomalies
b) The adrenal glands
- Embryology
- Normal appearance and ultrasound technique
- Abnormalities and tumors of the adrenal gland
c) The liver, spleen and pancreas
- Embryology of the liver
- The normal pediatric hepatobiliary system
- Abnormalities of the neonatal biliary system
- Abnormalities of the neonatal liver
- Diffuse abnormalities and focal lesion of the pediatric liver
- Abnormalities of the gallbladder and bile ducts in childhood
- Normal spleen, congenital variants and abnormalities of the
spleen
- Normal pancreas and abnormalities of the pancreas
d) The abdomen and bowel
- Embryology
- Ultrasound scanning preparation, techniques and normal
ultrasound appearance
- Abnormalities of the GIT
e) The female reproductive system
- Embryology
- Normal ultrasound appearance and technique
- Abnormalities
f) The scrotum and testes
- Embryology
- Normal ultrasound appearance and technique
- Abnormalities of the scrotum and testes
g) The head, neck and spine

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 I. The head
- Ultrasound techniques and normal anatomy of the head
- Abnormalities of the head
II. The neck
- Ultrasound techniques and normal anatomy of the neck
- Abnormalities of the neck
III. The spine
- The m Ultrasound techniques and normal anatomy of the spine
- Abnormalities of the spine
h) The chest
i) Musculoskeletal system
j) Pediatric interventional ultrasound

ULS 363: Introduction to Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the
musculoskeletal structure of the human body, its associated pathologies and the
ultrasound scanning protocol involve in diagnosing the diseases
Content

 Indications for MSK ultrasound including:

o sport injuries
o periarticular masses
o assessment of rheumatologic disorders
o postsurgical joint assessment
o Anatomical definitions and conventions including
o body sections and anatomical planes
o body orientations

 Bones Muscles, ligaments and tendons of the hand and wrist

o The radius and ulna
o The elbow joint
o The humerus
o Tendons of the hand and wrist
o Ligaments and tendons of the elbow
o Muscles of the anterior forearm including:
- Flexors of the forearm
- Extensors of the forearm
- Rotators of the forearm
o Flexors of the wrist, hand and fingers
o Extensors of the wrist, hand and fingers
o Muscles of the posterior forearm
o Patient positioning & examination technique
o Normal ultrasound appearances

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 Hand & wrist pathology including:
o soft tissue tumours of the hand and wrist
o tendon pathology
o De Quervain's disease
o trigger finger (or digit)
o trauma of the tendons and/or ligaments of the hand
o carpal tunnel syndrome

 Indications & examination technique for elbow ultrasound including:

- elbow joint effusion
- elbow ganglion
- tennis elbow
- lateral epicondylitis
- golfer's elbow
- medial epicondylitis
- elbow fracture
 General anatomy of the shoulder including:
- the scapula
- the clavicle
- the shoulder joint
- the rotator cuff
 Muscles of the shoulder including:
- flexors of the upper arm
- extensors of the upper arm

 Patient positioning
 Scanning technique
 Indications for shoulder ultrasound including:
- otator cuff tears
- intra or extra-articular fluid collections
- abnormal contour of the subdeltoidbursae
- elevation of the humeral head
- calcific tendonitis
- biceps tendonitis and tenosynovitis
- dislocation (subluxation) of the biceps tendon
- biceps tendon tears and/or rupture
- SA-SD bursal effusion and/or bursitis
- fracture (Hills Sachs deformity)
 Ultrasound of the Foot and Ankle
 Bones of the lower leg
 Bones of the ankle and foot

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  Muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes including:
- dorsal flexors of the lower leg
- plantar flexors of the lower leg
- foot invertors
- foot evertors

 Ligaments and tendons of the ankle

 Indications for ultrasound of the foot and ankle
 Patient positioning and examination technique
 Pathology of the ankle and foot including:

-tendon and/or - joint effusions

ligament tears - ganglions
- tendonitis and - cellulitis
tenosynovitis - Morton's neurom
- plantar fasciitis
 Ultrasound of the Knee and Hip

 Bones of the upper leg

 The knee joint
 Ligaments of the knee
 Muscles that move the lower leg
 Muscles that move the upper leg
 Patient positioning and examination technique including:
- medial approach
- anterior approach - lateral approach
- bursae of the knee - posterior approach
 Pathology of the knee including:
- knee trauma - tendonitis
- tendon and/or - bursitis
ligament tears - meniscal pathology

ULS 364: Basic Vascular Ultrasound

Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the
structure of the vascular tree, its associated pathologies and the duplex
scanning protocol involve in diagnosing vascular diseases.
Content
 Normal anatomy and physiology of the vascular trees
 Arterial and venous hemodynamic
 Measuring blood pressure
 Normal and abnormal Pattern of blood flow in arteries and veins (colour
and spectral Doppler patterns)

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  Ultrasound assessment of the extra cranial cerebral circulation
 Duplex assessment of lower limb arterial disease
 Duplex assessment of upper extremity arterial disease
 Duplex assessment of aneurysms
 Anatomy of the lower limb venous system and assessment of venous
insufficiency
 Duplex assessment of deep venous thrombosis and upper limb venous
disorders

ULS 365: Basic Ultrasound of Small Parts

Objective: This course aims at introducing the students to the knowledge and
basic skills involve in Small Parts sonography.
Content:
a) Small parts scanning protocol
- overview
b) Scrotum Scanning
- Anatomy - Sonographic appearance
- Physiology - Normal variants
c) Thyroid and parathyroid glands.
- Location - Sonographic appearance
- Anatomy - Normal variants
d) Breast Scanning
- Anatomy - Sonographic appearance
- Physiology - Normal variants
e) Ocular Ultrasound
- Anatomy - Sonographic appearance
- Physiology - Normal variants
f) Pathologies
- Scrotal, Thyroid and parathyroid, Breast and the Ocular pathologies

ULS 366: Clinical Practice VI

Objective: The purpose of this course is to allow the student to continue rotational
clinical training in the domain of vascular, small parts and musculoskeletal
ultrasound.
Content
Continued discussion of the following topics as they relate to clinical education:
 Communication Skills ( both verbal and written)
 Patient Care Skills
 Instrumentation
 Observation and identification of Normal and Abnormal Anatomy
 Standard procedural scanning protocol of the different organs and image
acquisition

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  Ultrasound reporting and recording
 Clinical Competency evaluation
ULS 367: Project Writing
 Drafting of the research project: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, PW
(It depends on the theme of work of the learner; it must be drafted in
accordance with the plan below)
1. Summar
2. Introduction: 2 pages maximum. The introduction, it is spring loaded
to the problematic
- One poses the question of research;
- It sets the Assumptions;
- On fixes the general objective;
- It sets out the specific objectives and sets out the plan.
3. Chapter I, II: The literature review (Review of the literature)
4. Chapter II, III: The methodology
5. Chapter III, IV: Presentation of the results and discussion

- Conclusion and Recommendations

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
NUTRITION AND DIETETICS

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics

1. Objective of the training

This specialty aims to train nutrition professionals who can apply nutrition science to
the nutrition and education of individuals and groups, whether they are healthy or ill.

2. Research Skills
 Generic skills
Work independently, collaborate in a team;
-
- Analyze, synthesize a professional document (French, English);
- Communicate orally, in writing, in business or outside (French, English);
- Participate in / lead a project management process;
- Know and exploit the professional and institutional networks of the food
and nutritional sectors.
 Specific skills
Evaluate the nutritional status of a patient;
-
- Formulate diets and make dietary dishes;
- Facilitate therapeutic education sessions;
- Interact with other specialists in the field of food in the food industries,
catering and sports medicine by sharing its skills on nutritional quality
and nutritional balance.
- Conduct consumer surveys and participate in the development of
new products.
3. Opportunities
- Hospitals
- Educational establishment;
- Sports Center;
- Food industry ;
- House of cure or retirement.
- Nutritionist or dietetician (counsellor)
- Food or restaurant manager
- Food and health reporter
- Editor, advertising or marketing specialist
- Catering manager
- Teacher

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4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics
Code Hourly Volume
Courses Titles Number
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

NTD111 Anatomy and Physiology I 30 5 5 5 45 3
Microbiology I (Bacteriology - Parasitology –
NTD112 55 10 20 5 90 6
Biochemistry)
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
NTD113 Nutritional needs I 40 15 15 5 75 5
NTD114 Structural Biochemistry 35 15 5 5 60 4
NTD115 Dietary Allowances I 40 20 10 5 75 5
NTD116 Clinical Internship I / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
NTD117 Bilingual training 25 5 10 5 45 3
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics
Courses Titles Hourly Volume Number
EU CODE
L T P PW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
NTD121 Anatomy Physiology II 35 20 15 5 75 5
Sociology -Anthropology and Medical
NTD122 30 15 10 5 60 4
Psychology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
NTD123 Introduction to Food 40 15 15 5 75 5
NTD124 Food Cooking Techniques 25 10 20 5 60 4
NTD125 Nursing Practice 40 15 15 5 75 5
NTD126 Clinical Internship II / / 60 / 60 4
Transversals courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Information and Communication
NTD127 40 / / 5 45 3
Technologies (ICT)
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

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Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics

Courses Titles Hourly Volume Number

Code
L T P SPW Total Of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Public Health : Epidemiology and
NTD231 40 15 15 5 75 5
Environmental Health
NTD232 Metabolic Biochemistry 30 15 10 5 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
NTD233 Dietetic Pathophysiology I 30 15 10 5 60 4
NTD234 Food Microbiology 40 15 15 5 75 5
NTD235 Dietary Planning 35 15 20 5 75 5
NTD236 Clinical Internship III / / 60 / 60 4
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
NTD237 Medical English/Medical French 25 5 10 5 45 3
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Public Health II (Demography - Health
NTD241 30 15 10 5 60 4
Promotion)
NTD242 Food Biochemistry Practical Techniques 25 20 25 5 75 5
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
NTD243 Dietetic Pathophysiology II 30 15 10 5 60 4
NTD244 Nutritional Needs II 40 15 15 5 75 5
NTD245 Dietary Allowances II 40 15 15 5 75 5
NTD246 Clinical Internship IV / / 60 / 60 4
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
NTD247 26 11 3 5 45 3
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

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 Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

NTD351 Ergonomics in the Food Industry 30 15 10 5 60 4
NTD352 Molecular Genetics 40 20 10 5 75 5
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
NTD353 Management And Economic In Dietetics 40 10 20 5 75 5
NTD354 Food Allergies 45 15 10 5 75 5
NTD355 Family Assesment 30 15 10 5 60 4
NTD356 Clinical Internship V / / 60 / 60 4
Transversal scourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
NTD357 Computer business 20 5 15 5 45 3
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Nutrition and Dietetics

Code Courses Titles Hourly Volume Number

L T P SPW Total Of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology -
NTD361 30 15 10 5 60 4
Immunology)
NTD362 Practical Food Microbiology and Mycology 25 15 30 5 75 5
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
NTD363 Enzymology 30 15 10 5 60 4
Practical Diet Planning and Cooking
NTD364 25 15 30 5 75 5
Techniques
NTD365 Food Hygiene and Sanitation 15 10 30 5 60 4
NTD366 Practical Project / / 70 5 75 5
Transversals courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Civic Education and Ethics / Initiation to the
NTD367 35 5 / 5 45 3
Law
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

NTD111: Anatomy and Physiology I

 Anatomy - Physiology I: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Nervous System
- Histology of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system: nervous
influx, transmission of the influx (chemical mediators, synapse,
driving plate), arc reflex;
- Organization of the central nervous system and functional
localization: spinal cord, and medulla oblongata, brain, meninges
and CSF;
- System Device nervous, cranial nerves, plexus;
- Neuro-vegetative system: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
2. The Endocrine System
- Endocrine pancreas;
- Thyroid: anatomy - Histology - physiology;
- Parathyroids: anatomy physiology, metabolism of calcium;
- Adrenals: Histology Anatomy, Physiology.
- System hypothalamo-pituitary;
- The stimulines.
3. Organ of meaning
- The eye : the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- Smell: Taste;
- Touch.
4. System Musculoskeletal
- Ceos;
- The osteites;
- The osteomyelitis.
5. Digestive System
- General topography;
- The peritoneum;
- Main categories of foods :
 Energy needs;
 Animal heat.
6. Urinary system
- Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the
ureters, the urethra and bladder;
- Excretory Role of the skin.

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NTD112: Microbiology I - Bacteriology - parasitology - Biochemistry
 Microbiology - Bacteriology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Introduction to the Bacteriology
1. Place in the living world and ecological role of micro-organisms
(saprophytes, commensalism, symbiosis and pathogens).
2. General Bacteriology
2. Structure of the bacterial cell, nutrition and growth, metabolism
(anaerobic, aerobic conditions, fermentation), reproduction and
genetics (genetic transfer, mutation), pathogenicity (notions of
virulence, toxin).
3. BacterialEcology
3. Role of the field, reference mechanism of the host against the
infection (Immunosuppression, opportunistic bacteria, nosocomial
infections).
4. Presentation of the bacterialsystematic
5. Study of the main species or bacterial groups pathogenic for man or likely
to be
4. Staphylococci, Streptococci, pneumococci, gonococcus, (history,
habitat and epidemiology, fill pathogen, Bacteriological characters,
diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis).
6. Bacteriological techniques
5. Basic Techniques (microscopic examinations, insulation and
identification), different types of levy in Clinical Bacteriology
(technical and transport), methods of sterilization and preparation of
media of cultures.
7. Procedures for the sending of samples and of bacterial strains
8. Techniques of conventional identifications (1st part).
 Parasitology: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Systematic study of human parasites, few definitions and concepts
prior, mode of parasitism
2. Location of parasites
3. Epidemiology and evolutionary cycle
4. Parasitic disease: clinical description, pathology, defense of the
body;
5. Prophylaxis (general and individual)

 Biochemistry: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Generality : enzyme, vitamin, a hormone
2. Basic concept of clinical biochemistry General: definition of a metering
and exploration

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 3. Learning of normal and abnormal physiology of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins
4. Physiological study of different biochemical parameters of medical
interest: techniques of biochemical assay and interpretation, normal
values of biochemical constituents in biological fluids and pathological
variations (1st part)

NTD113: Nutritional Needs I

Objective:
Content :
- Macronutrients
- Micronutrients
- Fiber and Phytochemicals
- Water
- Nutrients and their Functions
- Purpose of Nutrition
- Importance of Nutrition Labels

NTD114: Structural Biochemistry I

Content:
1- Basic qualitative and quantitative composition of living matter. Oligo element
2- Water and minerals
3- Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides:
 Isomerism
 Ring structure
 Physico chemical properties
 Analytical methods
 The different monosaccharides and derivatives
- Oligosaccharides:
 Glycosidique bonds: structure, chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis
 Principal disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, maltose
- Polysaccharides:
 Structure, properties and localization
- Heterosaccharides: definition and examples
4- Lipids and liposoluble compounds
- Fatty acids
 Structure and nomenclature

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  Principal saturated and non saturated fatty acids
- Glycerides
 Structure, properties and localization
 Classification and example
- Glycophospholipids
 principal groups
 structure properties and localization of lecethines
- Shingolipids
 principal groups
 structure, properties and localization of shingolipids
- Liposoluble compounds
 Sterols and steroids: principal representative, structure and properties of
cholesterol
 Liposoluble vitamins: structure and role of vitamin A, D, E, K.

NTD115: Dietary Allowances

Content:
- Definition and Applications
- Estimation of Physiological Requirements
- Establishment of dietary recommendations
- How are RDAS to be met?
- Pharmacologic and Toxic Effects of Nutrients
- Nutrient Allowances for infants
- Nutrient Allowances for the elderly
- Conditions that may Require Adjustment in Application of RDAS
- Application of Recommended Dietary Allowances
- Nutritional Allowances as Guidelines for food Supplies and for Health
and Welfare Programs

NTD116: Clinical Internship I (Immersion)

 Clinical Internship I

NTD117: Bilingual training

 Bilingual Training: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW
 English: 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

1. Vocabulary
- Technical and usual vocabulary of the specialty

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2. Grammar
3. Bilingual expression
- Understanding in interaction in Technical Discussions
- Continuous oral communication: Show, explain, develop, summarize,
account, comment;
- Interactions oral communication
4. Autonomous reading of "writings" of all levels
- Lead by a quick reading to understand the general sense;
- Browse a text long enough to locate desired information;
- Gather information from different parts of the document or of the
different documents in order to accomplish a specific task.
5. Write clear, detailed texts
- Essay writing;
- Application for employment;
- C.V;
- Letter of motivation;
- Letter / memo writing and minutes of a meeting

 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

1. Vocabulaire
Vocabulaire technique usuel
1. Grammaire
- Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés – présent,
passé composé, imparfait, futur, conditionnel, plus-que-parfait,
l‘impératif, l‘infinitif, la voix passive ;
- De l‘adjectif : qualificatif, possessif, démonstratif, interrogatif, numéraux,
indéfinis ;
- Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ; dénombrable
et non-dénombrable ;
- Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif,
indéfini ;
- De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment, où,
quand et pourquoi ;
- Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication
- Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion technique ;
- Communication orale courante ;
- -Communication orale interactive ;

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 - De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative, déclarative,
exclamative et impérative.
- Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
- Synthèse de texte
- De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de rapport,
d‘une correspondance, d‘une lettre recommandation ou de
motivation, d‘une demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande d‘explication,
d‘une réponse à une demande d‘explication, d‘un CV ;
- Gestion d‘une table ronde/discussion : la prise de notes, la prise de
parole
- Expressions figées

NTD121: Anatomy and Physiology II

 Cardiovascular System: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. The Heart
- Anatomy: configuring external and internal structure, histology of the
heart muscle;
- Physiology: automatism, revolution, noises of the heart, the
electrocardiogram.
2. The vessels
- Anatomy: arteries, veins: their structure, Anatomy of the large and the
small circulation;
- Circulatory physiology: blood pressure, venous circulation and capillary.
3. The blood
- The plasma and dissolved substances, figurative elements,
hematopoiesis, haemolysis;
- Coagulation;
- blood group.
4. The reticuloendothelialsystem
- Rate, lymphatic, thymus.
 Respiratory system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Anatomy
- Upper airway (anatomy endoscopy and non-surgical), nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea;
- Bronchus, lungs, pleura, anatomy and histology.
2. Physiology of Breathing
- Mechanisms for regulating nervous;
- Chemical phenomena.
 Digestive system: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. General topography; the peritoneum
2. The main categories of food

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  Energy Needs;
 Animal heat.

 Genito-urinary system (woman-man): 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Structure and Physiology of the following organs: the kidney, the ureters, the
urethra and bladder
2. ExcretoryRole of the skin
3. Description anatomy and physiology of the genitalia of the Man and the
woman

NTD 122:Sociology - Anthropology and Medical Psychology

 Sociology - Anthropology and Psychology : 6 credits (90 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Sociology - Anthropology
-Introduction to the Sociology ;
- Concept of anthropology and ethnology;
- Evolution of life and of man in its dimensions biological, psychological
and social assistance;
- Culture and cultural PWnomena,
- The innate, the acquis, myths and beliefs;
- Cultural attitudes to health, disease, death;
- Medical practices of yesterday, today alternatives and traditional
medicine;
- Notions of group; social groups (family, working group, institution);
- Dynamics of small groups;
- Dynamics of Conflict (leaders);
- Communication and communication networks.
2. Psychology

 Introduction to Psychology
- The major stages of life;
- Emotional development, intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial of
the individual;
- First Age, second age, age pre-school, school, adolescence,
adulthood, aging;
 The Body: Body schema and body image
 The Personality
- Dynamic aspect of the personality;
- The unconscious;
- Pulsion, refoulement;
- Motivation.
 Mechanism of defense and of adaptation

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 - Affective states : feeling - emotion - fear - anger - Distrust - a concern -
Lines and behavior - the different modes of relationship;
- Social: educative - cooperative - of authority - of dependency - of
acceptance - of mothering;
- The relationship between careers - Treated: specificities.

NTD123: Introduction to Food

Objective:
Content:
- Defining functional foods
- Food energy
- Types of food and their classification
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
 Cholesterol
 Protein
 Vitamins
 Minerals
- Food Allergy Challenges
- Importance of Food
- Guidelines for a new eating pattern
- Dietary terms
- How diet has changed over time.

NTD124: Food Cooking Techniques

Objective:
Content:
1. Kitchen Equipment, Lining up of kitchens and Food Sectors
- Material and Apparatus within the Food Chain
- Buildings
2. Cooking Techniques
- Boiling;
- Steaming;
- Baking;
- Frying;
- Grilling.
3. Practical use of Foods
4. Practical realization of a menu for a meal or for a day: for persons in good
healthand persons having a given pathology

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NTD125: Nursing Practice

Objective:
Content:
1. History of Nursing :
- Evolution of the profession in the world and Cameroon
2. Concepts and theories in Care:
- Study of the healthy human being
- The human being in his unit and environment, health, diseases, death
- The various human needs
- The concept of basic needs. Biological, psychological, sociological
components at different stages of life.
- Manifestation of mental and physical dependence and independence
and their causes.
- The different levels of requirements
- The different phases of the disease.
- The various dimensions of care.
- The cultural attitudes to health and diseas
- The conceptual model in nursing (V. HENDERSON, D. OREM, C. Roy,
Florence Nightingale).
3. Scientific inquiry in nursing
Nursing process:
- Stages of the nursing process from model V. HENDERSON
- Data collection
- Analysis and interpretation of data (nursing diagnosis)
- Care planning (formulation of objectives and interventions)
- Implementation of nursing activities
- Evaluation of care activities
- Therapeutic counseling:
- Treatment planning, supervision in the therapeutic relationship
- Personal development and group development in their psychological,
emotional, sociological, and educational dimensions.

NTD126: Clinical Internship II

 Clinical Internship II

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NTD127: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)I , Civic
education and Ethics
 Information and Communication Technologies I: 3 credit (45 hours); L, T, P,
SPW
1. Concepts and architecture of computers;
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program,
software, drivers;
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the
information and its multiple;
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software);
5. Study of an operating system;
6. The devices (printers, scanner, …);
7. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word;
8. Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel;
9. Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint;
10. Study of software for the creation and querying databases (Microsoft
Access).
 Civic and moral education: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T
The Concepts
• The citizen;
• The Nation;
• The State;
• Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
• The freedoms;
• The public service;

• Ethics;
• Ethics, Law and reason;
• Ethical Problem ;
• Ethics and management.
• Civics
• Deontology
• Moral consciousness
• The universal declaration of Human Rights
• Good governance in public services
• The importance of civics to the life of the nation
• Functions of the state and its citizens
• Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
• Relationship between morality, law and ethics
• Codes of ethics

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NTD231: Public Health: Epidemiology - Demography and Health
Promotion
 Epidemiology: 2 credit (30 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Importance of the epidemiology, preventive care
2. Indices of community health in relation with the epidemiology
3. Analyticalmethods of demography
4. Program of investigation in Health
5. Epidemiological study of acute diseases and chronic conditions
6. Methodology and Statistics in the field of research
7. Analysis of the data
8. Introduction on the insects (brachycères, nematogeres,
marangonins, arachnids malacology)

 Demography: 2 credit (30hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Definition
2. Purpose
3. The concepts of demography
4. The characteristics of the population
5. Concept of Gender, ratio, increased age pyramid
6. Stratification of the population
7. Interpretation
 Health Promotion: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
- Health Promotion;
- Definition;
- Different aspects;
- Persons likely to participate;
- The techniques of communications.

NTD232: Metabolic Biochemistry

1. Bioenergetics
- Free energy
- Standard free energy
- ATP as a universal currency of free energy
- NADH and FADH2 as electron carriers
- Coenzyme A, a universal carrier of acyl groups
- Extraction of energy from foodstuffs.
2. Carbohydrates metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Energy yield in glycolysis
- Citric acid cycle

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 Formation of acetyl coA from pyruvate
 Condensation acetyl coA and oxaloacetater
 Isomerization of citrate to issocitrate
 Formation succinyl coA
 Regeneration of oxaloacetate from succinate
 Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- The pentose phosphate pathway
 Synthesis of ppp in adipose tissues and muscle
- Glycogen metabolism
 Cleavage of glycogen
 Role of CAMP inglycogen synthesis and breakdown
 Glycogen metabolism in the liver
3. Metabolism of lipids
- Biosynthesis of phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids and cholesterol
- Synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol
4. Amino acids Metabolism/HEME biosynthesis
- Biosynthesis of amino acids
 Reduction of N2 to NH4+ by nitrogen fixing μ-org
 Assimilation of NH4+ into amino acids
- Synthesis of amino acids from citric acids cycle
- Regulation of amino acids biosynthesis
 Sequential feedback control
 Enzyme multiplicity
 Concerted feedback control
- Synthesis of porphyrins
- Degradation of amino acids
 Oxidative deamination of glutamate
 Deamination of serine and thremine
 Conversion of NH4+ into urca
 Conversions of C3, C4, and C5 families
 Degradation of leucine to Acetyl coA
5. Interconversions between CHO, fat and amine metabolism
- Key junctions:
 Glucose – 6 – phosphate
 Pyruvate
 Acetyl coA
6. Nucleotide synthesis
- Nucleotides and Nucleosides
- Importance of nucleotides in biological system
- Biosynthesis of purines

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  De novo synthesis
 The salvage pathway
- Inhibitors of purine biosynthesis
- Control mechanisms on purine biosynthesis
 Feedback inhibition
 Feedback repression
- Purine degradation
- Uric acid and hyperricemia disorders
 Lesh-nyhan syndrome
 Gout
 Gout management
- Pynmidine biosynthesis
 De novo synthesis
 Salvage pathway
- Inhibitors of pynmidine biosynthesis
- Control mechanisms in pynmidine biosynthesis
- Disorders of pyrimidine metabolism
 Orotic aciduria
 Megaloblastic anaemia
7. Haem biosynthesis
- Haem synthesis
- Disorder in haem catabolism
- Haem degradation
- Jaundice
- Haemoglobin maintenance
- Sickle cell haemoglobin
- Porphyria
 Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
 Erythropoietic protoporthyria
 Acute intermittent porhyria
- Abnormal haemoglobin (haemoglobinopathy)
8. Photosynthesis

NTD233: Dietetic Pathophysiology I

Content:
This program has two parts:
 Part A: this concerns diseases or pathological processes for which diet plays a
very important role, main role either for prevention or treatment

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  Part B: brief but important notions on enteral and parenteral nutrition, diseases
or pathological processes which may have a visible and huge impact on
nutrition, particular therapies that could have consequences on nutrition.
Endocrine pathologies except that of the endocrine pancreas treated in part A will
be treated in part B.
All the pathologies except mentioned will be treated for all ages and all
physiological states>.
- Introduction
- Clinical and paraclinical examinations
- Medical file
- Confidentiality
Part A: This concerns diseases or pathological processes for which diet plays a very
important role, main role either for prevention or treatment
Oesophagus
Oesophageal cancer
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux-hiatus hernia
- Oesophagitis
- Narrowing of the oesophagus following scaring
- Oesophagealsurgery, complication and scares
Stomach
- Gastro-duodenal ulcers
- Gastritis
- Stomach cancers (tumors)
- Gastric surgery, complications and scares
Small intestine, colon, rectum
- Chronic and acute diarrhea
- Dysentery
- Constipation
- Crohn‘s disease
- Irritable bowel syndrome and colitis
- Colorectal tumours
- Extended resection of the small intestine (short intestine)
- Surgery of the Small intestine, colon and rectum; indications,
complications and scares
Liver- biliary system-pancreas
- Liver cirrhosis
- Tumour of the liver
- Biliary lithiasis
- Pancreatitis
- Tumour of the pancreas
Nutrition diseases

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 - Pancreatic diabetes
- Hypoglycemia
- Dyslipidaemias, dyslipoproteinaemia
- Obesity
- Wasting and undernutrition
Renal pathologies
- Classification of nephropathies
- Renal failure
- Dialysis and transplantation
Cardiovascular pathologies
- Classification of cardiopathies
- Atherosclerosis and its principal complications
- High blood pressure
- Heart failure

NTD234: Food Microbiology

Content:
1. Basic microbiological techniques: wet preparation and microscopy, gram stain,
spore stains, aseptic conditions, isolation, cell counts.
2. Applied microbiology:
 Sampling techniques applied to milk, meat and meat products, cans,
frozen products
 Control technique applied to milk products.

NTD 235: Dietary Planning

 Dietary Planning

Objective: This course is aimed at expanding the approach to the

development of dietary reference standards. The new categories of reference
values have specific uses and thus are a significant departure from the previous
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs).
The focus of this course is to examine the appropriate use of each of the available
types of Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values in planning nutrient intakes of groups
and individuals.
Content:
- Introduction to Dietary Planning: What Are Dietary Reference
Intakes?, Implementation of Dietary Planning for Individuals and
Groups, Caveats Regarding the Use of Dietary Reference Intakes
in Dietary Planning and Assessment,

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 - Using dietary Reference intakes in Planning diets for Individuals:
Introduction, Setting Appropriate Nutrient Goals, Planning for
Energy Intakes of Individuals and Developing Dietary Plans
- Using Dietary Reference Intakes in Planning Diets For Groups:
General Considerations, Overview of Planning for Nutrient Intakes
of Groups, Considerations in Planning for a Target Usual Nutrient
Intake Distribution, Planning for Energy and Macronutrient Intakes
of Groups, Planning Menus to Achieve Target Usual Nutrient Intake
Distributions, Planning Interventions to Change the Shape of the
Intake Distribution.
- A Theoretical approach using Nutrient Density to plan Diets for
Groups: Introduction, Planning for Heterogeneous Groups Using a
Comparison of Target Median Nutrient Intake to Mean Energy
Intake (or Expenditure), Planning for Heterogeneous Groups Using
the Distribution of Nutrient Intakes Expressed as a Density,
Technical Considerations of the Nutrient Density Distribution
Approach,
- Planning Diets in an Assisted-Living Facility for Senior Citizens,
- Planning Menus for a School Nutrition Program, Planning Diets for
a Heterogeneous Group Using a Nutrient Density Approach,
Interventions That May Change the Shape of the Intake
Distribution: Nutrient Supplementation, Food Fortification.

NTD236 : Clinical Internship III

 Clinical Internship III

NTD237 Medical English an Medical French

Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language
and thus enhance patient relationship as needed.
Content:
1. Different parts of the human body
2. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
3. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol
forms, drug dispensation notices
4. Drafting of reports
5. Documentation research
6. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
7. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories

8. Drafting of research topics

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 9. Dissertation on the professional articles
10. Interviews - Speech unto etc. ….
11. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
12. Hospitals
13. The Hardware
14. The staff
15. The Role
16. The pathologies
17. The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs

NTD241 : Public Health II (Environmental Health )

 Environmental Health: 4 credits (60 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Hygiene and Sanitation in the middle
 Personal hygiene
- Physical (clothing, cleanliness, sport);
- Mental (sleep, noise, addiction).
 Food Hygiene
- Food (balance, conservation);
- Drinking water (domestic treatment of drinking water);
- Addiction (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).
 Hygiene of the Environment
- Habitat (overcrowding, facilities, wastewater, waste);
- Collective facilities.
2. HospitaLygiene
- Definition;
- Importance;
- Purpose;
- Individual measures;
- Collective measures Institutional and;
- The nosocomial infection:

 Definition;
• Contributing factors;
• Plan to Combat (organization of the fight);
• Hygiene of the patient (toilet, bed linen, etc.);
• Hygiene of the staff (held, hands);

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 • Hygiene of care and of the equipment of care (asepsis,
antisepsis, decontamination, disinfection, methods and
sterilization procedures physical and chemical);
• Specific hygiene in the surgical blocks;
• Remediation of the hospital environment (water, waste, facilities);
• Regulation of the movement of patients and staff in the hospital
environment.

NTD242: Food Biochemistry Practical Techniques

Content:
- Extraction technique
- Fractioning and purification techniques
- Characterization techniques
- Titration techniques(dosage) : volumetric methods , polarimetric
and colorimetric technique

NTD 243: Dietetic Pathophysiology II

Objective:
Content:
- Pediatric diseases
- Recall on child growth and nutrition
- Dietary mistakes
- Brief knowledge on infant acute dehydration
- Acute diarrhea
- Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption
- Gluten intolerance – mucovisidose
- Disaccharides intolerance (lactose and sucrose)
- Short small intestine
- Constipation-HIRSHSPRUNG disease
- Vomiting
- Pylory stenosis - hiatus hernia - gastro-oesoPWgeal reflux
- Metabolic and nutrition diseases: carbohydrates and proteins
- Vitamin deficiency and vitamin intoxication
- Nephritic syndrome in children
- Renal failure
- Obesity
Geriatrics
Physiopathology and diet of elderly persons
Normal pregnancy and pregnancy pathologies
Evolution of a normal pregnancy, delivery, needs. Pathological processes that
could occur during pregnancy; either due to the effect of the pregnancy to the

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body; or a preexisting condition prior to pregnancy having an effect on the progress
of the pregnancy.Prevention. Breastfeeding: consequence on nutritional needs

NTD244 : Nutritional Needs II

Objective:
Content:
 Diffrents classes of foods:
- Proteins,
- Lipids,
- Carbohydrates,
- Vitamins,
- Minerals,
- Water,
- Micronutrients vegetable and fibers.

NTD245: Structural Biochemistry II

1. Peptides?
- Amino acids:
 Structure and classification
 Physico chemical properties
 Analytical methods
- Peptides:
 Peptide bonds: chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis
 Determination of a peptide: composition and sequencing
 Principal peptides of biological importance: glutathione, peptide
hormones
- Proteins:
 structure and conformation: protein denaturing
 structure-function relationship
 physico chemical properties
 isolation, fractioning and purification
 principal protein categories: example and localization
- Heteroproteins:
 principal groups: phosphoproteins, lipoproteins, glycoproteins,
chromoproteins (hemoglobine and cytochromes)
2. Nucleotide compounds and nucleic acids :
- Nucleotides and nucleotides derivatives: structure and principal
nucleotides(AMP , cyclic AMP, ADP, APH)
- RNA and DNA(structure, properties and cellular localization)

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NTD246: Clinical Internship IV
 Clinical Internship IV

NTD247: Medical Law and Research Methodology

Content:
 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law and
sources
2. The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)
3. The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
4. The delegate of the staff, unions
5. Work accidents and occupational diseases
6. The hygiene and safety in the workplace
 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Nature and function of the management of personnel, training and staff
development, supervision and evaluation of employees; assessment of jobs and
administration of salaries; trade union organizations and labor legislation, collective
bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to employees. Practical
application in industrial administration, public and the hospital.
 Comon law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Society, ethics and the law; the foundation of the right and of the social life;
concepts of health and education; place of the body in moral and in law; the right
and duties of the individual and
 Research Methodology
 Initiation to research: 3 credit (45 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Research in physiotherapy
2. Sources of knowledge
3. Methods of reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports

NTD351: Ergonomics in the food industry

Objectives:
An introduction to ergonomics affording students the necessary knowledge
essential for the psychological and anthropometrical development leading to good
design, emphasis is placed on health and safety. At the end of the semester the

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student should have the ability to accurately recognize and evaluate hazards
(ergonomic in nature) which are likely to cause occupational illnesses or injuries.
Design and redesign tasks and workstations to fit in a food industry. Apply the
knowledge, skills, and abilities obtained in an industrial based problem.
Content:
- Introduction to Ergonomics, Definition and History of Ergonomics,
- Introduction to Systems Design and Task Analysis
- Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and nervous system
- Muscle Use and Anthropometry and Workspace Design in a food
industry
- Activity-related soft tissue disorders (ASTDs)
- Analysis of Risk of ASTDs in an industry
- Assessing the Risk of Back Injuries in an industry
- Psychosocial and Organizational Aspects of Work within the industry
- Skilled Work, Control-Display Design and Mental Activity; Shift work.

NTD 352 : Molecular Genetics

Content:
- Conservation, transmission and expression of genetic information
- DNA replication
- DNA transcription: notion of genes; mRNA
- Biosynthesis of proteins: the genetic code, protein translation, post
translation PWnomenon
- Control of genetic expression
- Application: genetic engineering

NTD353: Management and Economy in nutrition and Dietetics

Content:
1- Company
1-1 definitions and modes of analysis: types, insertion in the
economy(branch, sector….etc) using agro food industries and catering
for communities( those in good health and those having a given
pathology) for application
1-2 fundamental problems in creating a company and its functioning
1-3 a company as a system
2- Company Strategies
2-1 the structure of decision making in a company
2-2 the process of developing company policies
2-3 forecasting and planning of activities

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 3- Production System
3-1 cost (using catering and hospital food services for application)
3-2 principle of budgeting
3-3 notion on the choice and finance of an investment
3-4 information analysis at the level of the company
3-5 pending for interpretation
4- Man Power and Production
5- legislature
6- Treatment of information within the production activities.
NTD354: Food Allergies
Content:
Burns
Brief but important notions on enteral and parenteral nutrition, diseases or
pathological processes which may have a visible and huge impact on nutrition,
particular therapies that could have consequences on nutrition.
- Enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition
- Surgery and its nutritional consequences
- Comas, severe infection states, gastrointestinal bleeding and their
consequence on nutrition.
- Notions on cancers
- Stomachtology and ENT
- Hepatitis and jaundice
- Hyperuricemia
- Lithiasis
- Nephritic syndrome
- Tuberculosis
- Respiratory distress
- Anemia
- Endocrine pathology
- Iatrogenic pathologies due to laxative, corticoid therapy, antibiotics,
chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti anxiety and depressive…etc
- Rheumatology and bone pathology
- Care of a premature child
- Etat grabataire
NTD355 Family Assessment
 Family Assessment
Objective: The objective of this course is to give the students an introduction
to family assessment techniques.
Content:
- Introduction to Marital Assessment

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 - Theories of Attachment
- Divorce Predictors
- The effectiveness of marital therapy
- Couples and Alcohol
- Depression and Psychological Illness
- Domestic Violence
- Introduction to Family Assessment
- Miscellaneous Family Assessment Tools

NTD356: Clinical Internship V

 Clinical Internship V

NTD357: Computer for Business

Objective: At the end of the course, student should be able to use computers
in daily activities requiring management and other aspects of life.
Content: Computer hardware, software, programming, internet soft wares,
analytical packages, genesis, origins, trends and current issues. Hacking.
NTD361: Microbiology II(Virology - Mycology - Immunology)
 Microbiology II (Virology - Mycology - Immunology): 4 appropriations (60
hours);L, T, SPW
1. Characterization and classification of viruses and fungi
2. Infection, pathogenicity, virulence, exotoxicines and endotoxicines
3. Immune system: components, mode of action in the face of the
antigen, active immunity, passive immunity, allergy
NTD362: Practical food Microbiology and Mycology
Content:
- Different types of bacterial, fungi and parasites that contamine food
- How to prevent contamination
- How to fell food is contamined

NTD363: Enzymology
Content:
- Reaction velocity and catalysis
- Definition and general characteristics of enzymes: classification and
principal types
- Enzyme catalysis specificities

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 - Study of enzymatic reactions: initial velocity, effect of enzyme
concentration and substrate concentration on the initial velocity,
definition and characteristics of kinetic parameters
- (effector) physical and chemical factors on enzymatic reaction: pH,
temperature, activation and inhibition
- Notion of allosteric enzyme
- Coenzymes and hydrosoluble vitamins
- Regulation of enzymatic reaction in a cell
- Interest of enzymes in clinical biochemistry and agro-food industries
(enzymatic engineering)

NTD364: Practical Diet Planning and Cooking Techniques

Content:
- Introduction
- Recommended foods for meals, planning a cooking session, general
guidance on food, Vegetarian diets, Recipe suggestions regarding and
Menu planning and review
- Food hygiene and safety
- Energy and energy balance
- Food labeling
- Oral health, Snacks and drinks, Lunch box ideas and Party food for
children
- Food storage
- Food Safety and Sanitation measures using industry standards.
 The cutting boards are scrupulously clean. Knives are sharp. The
toolbox/knife bag is clean and sanitary inside.
 Sanitizing solution is at the proper strength, not over or
underpowered, and whether it‘s being used as a washing solution
instead of sanitizing a pre-washed area.
 Are the students using towels correctly, for example, not wiping
debris off a table and then wiping a knife or a plate with the same
towel. Whether students are using their aprons as hand wipes.
 Products are stored at the correct temperature.
 Gloves are being used when the last contact with food is occurring,
for example, plating up. Sores and cuts are properly treated and
covered.
 Areas are kept sanitized, particularly during meat to vegetable or
dairy transitions. Frequent hand washing and sanitizing is suggested.
 Food Safety and Sanitation is assessed as acceptable or
unacceptable. An unacceptable score in this area is considered an
overall failure regardless of the total points achieved.

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  The student will be in a professional uniform and maintain good
personal hygiene.
- Organization skills will be measured using industry standards for the following:
 Mise en place/organization
 Develop a written plan
 Proper utilization of all ingredients
 Timing of service and follow up
- Cooking Skills and Culinary Techniques will be measured using industry
standards for the following:
 Proper cooking techniques, skills and fundamentals
 Creativity, Skills and Craftsmanship (knife skills)
 Portion size
- Taste and Presentation Skills will be measured using industry standards for the
following:
 Overall presentation including the use of appropriate garnishes
 Overall nutrition balance
 Ingredient compatibility
 Flavor, taste, texture and doneness

NTD365: Food Hygiene and Sanitation

 Food Hygiene and Sanitation
Objective: This course is designed to integrate concepts in chemistry, organic
chemistry, and biochemistry, with food processing sanitation and safety operations
and understand their role in processing of food.
Content:
- Sanitation Overview
- Sanitary Regulations: GMPs
- Management and Sanitation
- ISO 9000, ISO 14000
- Microorganisms and their Relationship to Sanitation
- Food Contamination Sources
- Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
- Food Plant Design and Construction;
- Air Sanitation;
- Equipment for Effective Sanitation,
- Water Sanitation,
- Waste Product Disposal
- Personal Hygiene;
- Cleaning, Sanitizing
- Pest Control;
- Packaging Sanitation

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 - Food Storage Sanitation;
- Food Transport Sanitation
NTD366: Practical Project

NTD367: Professional Ethics &Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to know
those values and obligations which practice in the profession.
Content: Nurse, Patient, nurse/patient relationship, obligations of the nurse,
rights of the patient, rights and responsibilities of the nurse, deontology, ethics,
etiquettes, patient reception in hospital, nurse/patient-relative relationship. Medical
jurisprudence, lab practice and the law, forensic nursing, malpractice, civic duties,
organization of Government, Common law, labour law, Criminal Law,etc.
Health care Ethics
1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics
3. MLS Ethics
4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence,
Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of
The Elderly, Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards
Patient Rights:
1. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
2. Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional secrecy,
Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
3. Code of ethics.

 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners

 MLS and the law

Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights

Law
 Sources of law
 Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
 The concept of legal personality
 Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)

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  Criminal responsibility
 The court and their jurisdictions
 Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee, termination
of labor contracts
Fundamental Rights
 The concepts of human rights
 Sources of human right
 Major international conventions of human rights
 International conventions relating to women
 Children and the rights of the minorities
 The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of human
rights
 The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
 The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
Law for Medical laboratory personnel
 Definition of Law, public law, private law
 The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
 Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health practice

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT

Page 511 of 572

 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Health care management

1. The objective of the training
The overall goal of the programme is to produce a competent and professional
health manager who will improve the health workforce, workplace and health
resources for theuse of health care consumers.

2. Required skills
 Generic skills
Be responsible, reflexive and relational ;
-
- Have adequate gestures and capacities;
- Develop adequate interpersonal and intrapersonal skills to be able to interact
effectively with their patients, entourage and the health team
- Should be trustworthy and reliable;
- Have the capacity for critical thinking, analysis and questioning;
- Develop ethical values of a normal professional;
- Make thoughtful and informed decisions;
- Be able to act with autonomy and responsibility in his area ofcompetence.
- Master the computer tool and ICT
 Specific skills
On successful completion of the programme, the student will have acquired the
knowledge, attitudes and skills which will enable them to:
- Apply knowledge and skills from all fields of management, concepts of
management and management processes in health care units and services.
- Demonstrate professional accountability, leadership and management
abilities in the provision of ethically & legally acceptable managerial
functions.
- Provide culturally sensitive, evidence-based and quality health care
management to the service or institution using management processes &
theories.
- Be able to develop and run projects for the promotion of quality health care.
3. Outlets
- Public Service;
- Private hospitals and clinics;
- NGO (Non-Governmental Organizations);
- Self-employment;
- Medicine of work;

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4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Care Management
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HCM111 Basic Principles of Administration 30 15 10 5 60 4
HCM112 Social Sciences I: Anthropology and Psychology 60 5 5 5 75 5
Professional Courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HCM113 Financial management for Health institutions I 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM114 Health Care Delivery Systems I 45 20 5 5 75 5
HCM115 Public Health 30 5 5 5 45 3
Hospital/Health services management
HCM116 / / 70 20 90 6
internship I(Immersion)
TransversalsCourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
English and French for managers - Information and
HCM117 25 5 10 5 45 3
Communication Technologies 1(ICT)
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Care Management
Hourly Volume Number
Code Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HCM121 Mathematics and Statistics 45 20 5 5 75 5
HCM122 Social Sciences II: Sociology and Social Health 35 15 5 5 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HCM123 Principles of Hospital Management 45 20 5 5 75 5
HCM124 Principles of Human Resource Management 30 5 5 5 45 3
HCM125 Applied Administration I 35 10 10 5 60 4
Hospital/Health services management internship II
HCM126 / / 70 20 90 6
(disease control management)
Transversal Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HCM127 Professional ethics, Civics and Legislation/ICT II 30 6 9 45 3
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

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 Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Care Management
Hourly Volume Number
Courses Titles
Code Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HCM231 Health Care Informatics and Statistics 45 20 5 5 75 5
HCM232 Labour Law and Insurance for Workers 35 15 5 5 60 4
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HCM233 Health Policy 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM234 Health Care Delivery Systems II 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM235 Applied Administration II 35 15 5 5 60 4
Hospital / Health Services Management Internship
HCM236 / / 70 20 90 6
III(human resources management)
Transversal Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HCM237 Management Communication 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

Semester 4
Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Specialty: Health Care Management
Hourly Volume Number
Eu code Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HCM241 Concurrent Experience(field experience) 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM242 Biomedical Statistics 45 20 5 5 75 5
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Health Care Reforms and the Future of the
HCM243 45 20 5 5 75 5
Cameroon Health System
HCM244 Human Resource Management II 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM245 Financial Management for Health Institutions II 25 10 5 5 45 3
Hospital / Health Services Management
HCM246 / / 70 20 90 6
Internship IV(logistics and equipments)
Transversal Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Operational Research II
HCM247 25 10 5 5 45 3
Health Information Systems
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

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 Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Care Management
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HCM351 Project Management And Development 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM352 Stress Management /Guidance /Counselling 50 15 5 5 75 5
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HCM353 Research In Health Care (Research Techniques) 35 15 5 5 60 4
HCM354 Civics and Currents Events 35 15 5 5 60 4
Management and Economics of Medical
HCM355 35 15 5 5 60 4
Devices Equipments
Hospital / Health Services Management
HCM356 / / 70 20 90 6
Internship V(Financial management)
Transversal Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HCM357 Medical Law, Legal and Occupational Health 30 7 0 8 45 3
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Care Management
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles Of
L T P SPW Total Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HCM361 Property Management 50 18 3 13 90 6
HCM362 Financial Management 30 6 0 9 45 3
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HCM363 Internship in General Administration 10 5 40 5 60 4
HCM364 Internship in Human Resource Management 10 5 40 5 60 4
HCM365 Internship in Project Management Development 10 5 40 5 60 4
HCM366 Research Project 0 0 90 0 90 6
Transversal Courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HCM367 Professional Ethics and Deontology 30 7 0 8 45 3
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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5. Courses content

HCM111: Basic Principles of Administration

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should have understand the
basic rules of administration in general and all health unit, facility and institution or
sector
Content: Introduction to administration, terms in administration, hospital
administration, material administration and personnel administration. Theories and
principles of administration, Henri Fayol, mayol, Maslow etc. Lessons and
applicabilities in health care management at unit. Institution, facility or sector.

HCM112: Social Sciences I: Anthropology and Psychology

Objective:
Content:
- Introduction to Psychology
- The main stages of life: Affective, intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial
development of the human being
- First age, second age, pre-school age adolescence, adulthood and ageing
- Human body: Body diagram and body image
- The dynamic aspects of the human personality: unconscious, impulse,
suppression and motivation
- Defense and adaptation mechanisms
- Affective states: Feeling, emotions, fear, anger, distrust and anxiety
- Conduct and behavior
- Different types of relationships: Social, educative, collaborative, authoritative,
dependence, submissive and motherly
- Nurse-patient relationship: specificities
- Introduction to sociology
- Notions of anthropology and ethnology
- Evolution of man and life: Biological, psychological and social dimensions
- Culture and cultural PWnomena
- The in-born and the acquired: Myths and beliefs
- Cultural attitudes toward health, illness and deaths
- Present and alternative past Medical Practices and Traditional medicine
- Sociology and social psychology
- Notions of groups, restricted groups
- Dynamics: Conflict dynamics: Leaders, communication and communication
networks

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HCM113: Financial management for health institutions I
Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to identify the
funding means utilized by health care managers and source funding for such
Content: Definitions, purposes of financing, sources of financing, government
policies on financing, reasons for financing, types of financing, historical
perspectives of financial, social action in financing, and concepts of health care
financing. Applicabilities in a developing context.

HCM114: Health Care Delivery Systems I

Objective: At the end of this course, the should be able to list and outline the
health care delivery systems of many countries of the world in order to use their
experiences in better management of health care
Content: compare the different health systems of the world from the, USA,
Europe, Asia, South America and Africa

HCM115: Public Health

Objective: At the end of the course, student should be able understand
health policies, assess the need for such policies and assessed its implementation.
Content: the reasons for preventive health strategies, curative health
strategies, community sensitization strategies, hygiene and sanitation strategies etc
and their implementation

HCM116: Hospital / Health service management internship I

Objective:
Content: Management styles in health units, service, institution, facility,
hospital-public and private, report writing, post internship reports and viva

HCM117: English and French for Managers / ICT

 Bilingual training 1: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, P, SPW
French expression
1. Form of words in French
Root, suffix.
2. Explanation of words and group of words
3. Morphosyntax and rhetoric
 Components and structure of the sentence:
- Simple sentence;
- Complex sentence;
- Composed sentence.
 Figures of style:

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 - Figures of analogy;
- Figures of amplification;
- Figures of opposition;
- Figures of mitigation.
4. Administrative and professional correspondence
 The different parts of a administrative correspondence and the
administrative style;
 Professional Correspondence:
- Note of service;
- Record (activity, mission);
- The report (activity, mission).

5. Professional correspondence to individual dominance

 Application for employment;
 CV;
 Letter of motivation.
6. Methodological Considerations on the written exercises
 French composition;
 Contraction of text:
- French composition: Reminder methodological and
implementation;
- Contraction of text: methodological reminder and
application.
7. Study of the communication situations.
 Identification of the factors in the situation of communication
(transmitter, receiver, code, channel, message, context);
 Situation of communication and verbal interactions;
 Study of the elements para verbal cues (kinesthetic, proxemics,
MIMO-gestural, etc.;
 Identification and handling of figures of expression and
thought metaphors, irony. Satire, parody, etc.); etc.
8. Oral communication

 Techniques of Information and the communication 1

1. Concepts and architecture of computers
2. Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program, software,
drivers
3. System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the information
and its multiple
4. Components of the computer (hardware and software)
5. Study of an operating system

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 6. The devices (printers, scanner, …)
7. Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word

HCM121: Mathematics and Statistics

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to do
mathematical and statistical calculations in resolving issues of data
Content: Counting, manual calculations, computer assisted calculations,
national health statistics, storage and retrivial systems etc
HCM 122: Social Sciences II: Sociology and Social Health
Objective: At the end of the internship, student should be able to understand
the different aspects of social health and how different communities look at issues
concerning health based on their societal norms.
Content: Evaluate the social beliefs and their impacts on the health of the
people and propose solutions to resolving the negative effects of social beliefs on
the health of the community.
HCM123: Principles of Hospital Management
Objective: At the end of this course, the student should be able to manage
the three Ms (material, manpower and money resources) of a hospital in effective,
efficient and economic manner
Content: Resources in hospital management and management in general:
The functions of all units in the hospital are clearly spelt out. (Nursing, medical and
drug, devices, information statistic, financial and accounting human resources etc)
Benefits, rights, duties, functions, deeds and miss-deeds of the money, material and
manpower.

HCM124: Principles of Human Resource Management

Objectives: At the end of this course, students should be able to manage
manpower resources in any health setting.
Content: Definitions- resources, resources in management, human beings and work
place, personnel management. Strengths, required in personnel management,
unforeseen weaknesses, possible opportunities, threat avenues, and possible success
stories
HCM125: Applied Administration I
Objective: At the end of this course, the student should be able to apply the
principles of administration in all health unit, facility and institution or sector. The
students will be drilled on handling complains, resolving conflicts, the respect of
hierarchy by different level staff without prejudice.

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 Content: Application of the Theories and principles of administration, Henri
Fayol, mayol, Maslow etc. Lessons and applicabilities in health care management at
unit. Institution, facility or sector.
HCM126: Hospital/Health Services Management Internship II (Disease
control management)
Objectives: At the end of the internship, student should be able to demonstrate skills
in health care management at various levels of health care in the hospital.
Content: Management styles in health units, service, institution, facility, hospital-
public and private, report writing, post internship reports and viva.

HCM127: Professional ethics, Civics and Legislation/ICT II

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should use ethical values in health
care decisions, use the civic and legal responsibilities in the execution of daily
functions
Content: Professionalism and ethics of health care, responsibility, autonomy,
rights of health care consumers, rights of health care providers, the Cameroon legal
system, civic responsibilities, the place of the law in health care management,
medical jurisprudence, malpractice and negligence. Knowledge on Crimes that
may occur at work and how to determine them
 Technique of information and communication 2
1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name to
a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires
12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

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HCM231: Health Care Informatics and Statistics
Objective: Student should understand the different goals of health information
analyse the information, interpret it with the use statistical packages
Content: Definition and goals, Statistic elements: units, population, samples,
Statistic sources, Statistic calculation, The health information process, Data
collection, collection media, forwarding, Treatment(counting, regrouping,
presentation),Analysis and interpretation, Feedback and decision making

HCM232: Labour Law and Insurance for workers

Objective: At the end of this course, they should be able to understand
rationale of labour law, nationally and internationally and give the generalities.
Linking workers insurance to the treatment of workers.
Content: Understand the dictates and proposals of the international labour
organization; understand the labour law and workers insurance of Cameroon.

HCM233: Health Policy

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should be able to understand
the process of policy formulation and the different stages involve.
Content: the reasons for preventive health strategies, curative health
strategies, community sensitization strategies, hygiene and sanitation strategies etc
and their implementation, haven understood the processes and levels, critically
analyze different health policies. And assess their implementation.

HCM234: Health Care Delivery Systems II

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should be able to analyze the
current health care systems in relation to the health policies of various countries.
Content: Pick out the leading health systems of the world and determine the
reason behind their successes. Make reconditions for other countries based on their
particular policies.
HCM 235: Applied Administration II
Objective: At the end of this course, the student should be able to apply the
principles of administration in all health unit, facility and institution or sector. The
students will be drilled on handling complains, resolving conflicts, the respect of
hierarchy by different level staff without prejudice.
Content: Application of the Theories and principles of administration, henri
Fayol, mayol, Maslow etc. Lessons and applicabilities in health care management at
unit. Institution, facility or sector.

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HCM236: Hospital/health services management internship III (Human
resources Management)
Objective: At the end of the internship, student should be able to demonstrate
skills in health care management at various levels of health care in the hospital.
Content: Management styles in health units, service, institution, facility,
hospital-public and private, report writing, post internship reports and viva.
HCM237: Professional Ethics and DeontologyManagement Communication
Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to understand
the steps in project, management and development. Be able to assess an a
completed project and develop projects for the health unit, institution, service or
facility for better improvement
Content: Projects within a health facility, institution, unit, service or facility,
developing new projects, health care needs for project development, process of
proposal writing, planning for a project development, assess progress, evaluating
progress

HCM241: Concurrent Experience(field experience)

Objective: At the end of the experience (academic visits different health
organizations), the student should be able to report success stories of health care
management in various health care organizations, outline difficulties and challenges
of each
Content: Analysis of health management successes, weaknesses,
opportunities, threats, and strengths of health units, institutions, units, facility, hospital
etc…
HCM242: Biomedical Statistics
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical
information.
Content:
- Variables (Qualitative and quantitative) ;
- Presentation of data: bar charts, pie diagrams, histograms and tables,
frequency and frequency distribution;
- Summarization of quantitative and qualitative data: mean, median and
mode, standard deviations and standard errors, proportions etc;
- The concept and principles of significance tests and confidence
intervals;
- Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-
distribution, Chi squared test, Poison‘s distribution, non parametric tests
etc;
- Sampling;
- Errors in statistics.

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HCM 243: Health Care Reforms and the Future of Cameroon Health System
Objective: At the end of the internship, student should be able to clearly bring
out the classification of the Cameroon health sector, trace the reforms put in place,
analyze these reforms and projects for the future.
Content: situate the Cameroon health system in the context of the world,
critically analyze each reform- the strengths and weaknesses. Propose future
innovations which are long lasting.
HCM244: Human Resource Management II
Objective: At the end of this course, students should be able to manage
manpower resources in any health setting with specific details depending on the
type of organization=NGO offering Preventive Care services, hospitals, curative
services etc.
Content: Details on the selection recruitment, job specification and analysis, job
evaluation. Methods and types. Wage determination and bonuses and allowances.
Type of contracts

HCM245: Financial Management for Health Institutions II

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to manage all
financial resources in the health care management institution to improve on general
health.Calculate the financial accounts of the different units of the hospital weekly
moNTDly and annually.
Content: Money, uses and disadvantages. Overcoming financial difficulties,
life without soft loan-definitions, advantages, disadvantages, benefits, and
complications to man and the general state of money, materials and manpower in
financial executions.For each unit revenue collector, consultation, pharmacy,
laboratory, the different calculations are mastered. Finally the budget of the hospital
is determined.

HCM246: Hospital/Health Services Management Internship IV (logistics

and equipment)
Objective:
Content: Management styles in health units, service, institution, facility, hospital-
public and private, report writing, post internship reports and viva

HCM247: Operational Research II / Health Information System

 Initiation to research:
1. In Health Research
2. Sources of Knowledge

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 3. Methods of Reasoning
4. Stages of the research process (rational, assumptions, literature review,
methodology, results/discussion, summary, bibliography)
5. Classification of research
6. Establishment of the Questionnaires
7. Ethics
8. Preparation and Presentation of Research Reports
9. Case practice: drafting of protocols of research

 Construction of a Research proposal: Background: Literature review,

formulating the problem statements, justification of studies, objectives,
framing the questions according to general and specific objectives; is
developing a testable hypothesis to achieve the objectives for quantitative
research selection, referencing, etc.; Ethical considerations; Work plan:
personnel; timetable project administration; Plans for dissemination.

 Health Information System

Objective: The main objective of this course is to enable the student to be able
to:
Collect, summarize, analyze and present health information from an individual
patient and community, in a manner that it can be useful in taking important
decisions on individual patients and on the community and the health system.
Content:
- Definition and goals;
- Statistical elements: units, populations, samples;
- Statistical sources; statistical calculations;
- The Health Information Process;
- Data collection, collection media, forwarding, treatment;
- Analysis and interpretation; feedback and decision taking;
- Computerization of Health information;
- Role of health information in health care management.

HCM351: Project Management and Development

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to
understand the steps in project, management and development. Be able to assess
an a completed project and develop projects for the health unit, institution, service
or facility for better improvement
Content: Projects within a health facility, institution, unit, service or facility,
developing new projects, health care needs for project development, process of

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proposal writing, planning for a project development, assess progress, evaluating
progress

HCM352: Stress management and guidance and counseling

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should be able to make the
workplace stress free for its members- providers and consumers. At the end of the
course, the student should also be able identify areas of stress and conflicts requiring
guidance and counseling.
Content: Physical. Psychological, spiritual, and emotional management of
personnel and consumers at workplace, guidance and counseling, conflicts and
conflict resolutions. The process of guidance, obstacles to guidance, counseling
processes, obstacles of counseling, individual counseling, group counseling,
personal health care management, group health care management.
HCM353: Doing Research in health care (Research Techniques in Health)
Objective: At the end of the course, students should understand research
process and attempt at research
Content: The research process, sources of data, introduction in research,
background to studies, the research problem, objectives, questions, hypothesis,
purpose, significance, literature review, research methodology-designs, populations,
sample and sampling, instruments, validation processes, ethical issues, results and
methods of presentation, statistical analysis, tests of significances, discussion,
conclusion and recommendations. Referencing and referencing styles.
HCM354: Civics and Currents events
Objective: At the end of the course, students should understand their civic
duties. Differentiates between citizen‘s rights, privileges and duties. Have a general
knowledge on the Cameroon government and regime. Have Knowledge on current
happenings of the world.
Content: Be able to witness a situate and decide who is right or wrong
depending on their knowledge of citizens‘ rights, privileges and duties. Explain
happenings within the Cameroon government and the world at large
HCM355: Management and Economics of Medical Devices Equipments
Objective: At the end of the course, students should know the different medical
devices and their uses, know how to management while in use.
Content: know the different uses of the devices, how to keep them functioning in
good quality, when to replace or repair them.

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HCM356: Hospital/Health Services Management Internship V(Financial
management)
Objective: At the end of this course, the student should be able to manage the
three Ms (material, manpower and money resources) of a hospital in effective,
efficient and economic manner
Content: Resources in hospital management and management in general:
The functions of all units in the hospital are clearly spelt out. (Nursing, medical and
drug, devices, information statistic, financial and accounting human resources etc)
Benefits, rights, duties, functions, deeds and miss-deeds of the money, material and
manpower.

HCM357: Medical law, Legal and Occupationnal health

 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law and sources
2. The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)
3. The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
4. The delegate of the staff, unions
5. Work accidents and occupational diseases
6. The hygiene and safety in the workplace

 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

Nature and function of the management of personnel, training and staff
development, supervision and evaluation of employees; assessment of jobs and
administration of salaries; trade union organizations and labor legislation,
collective bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to
employees. Practical application in industrial administration, public and the
hospital.
 Civil law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
Society, ethics and the law; the foundation of the right and of the social life;
concepts of health and education; place of the body in moral and in law; the
right and duties of the individual and of the Community (right of patients, the
rights of the person and the health care system); privatization and publicisation
of health, respect for private life and social cost of health. Autonomy,
participation, etc.

HCM361: Property Management

Objective: This course focuses on a broad overview of key topics related to
the property management profession. The topics covered include how to increase
property values by creating strategies to maximize return by providing excellent
customer service and using the "progressive tenants as customer" approach,
managing the day-to-day operations of properties effectively, the importance of

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financial analysis to the strategic decision-making process, the strategic role
property managers play in facilities management, and an overview of community
impact assessment, including the benefits of conducting such an assessment. It also
provides general guidelines for conducting a community impact assessment,
including types of impacts that should be addressed during the process and related
issues.
Content:
 Introduction;
-Property as an Asset;
- Role of the Property Manager
 Residential Property: Owner and Tenant Relations
- Commercial Property and Shopping Centers;
- Unit Titles;
- Test feedback
 Residential, Office and Retail Properties
- Corporate Real Estate;
- Public Sector Real Estate;
- Workplace Strategy
- Social Housing Ethics & Compliance
 Leases, Maintenance and Construction
- Financial Management and Information Systems
- Disasters;
- Insurance;
- Sustainability
- Building Act;
- Maintenance;
- Inspection;
- Health & Safety
- Facilities Management;
- Laws & Risk and Environmental Issues.

HCM362: Financial management

Objective:
This is an introductory course in finance that focuses on the practical aspects
of corporate finance. Topics covered include the mathematics of finance, security
valuation, investment and financing decisions, risk and return tradeoff, and the
fundamentals of international financial management. The goal is to equip students
with the basic skills that will be supplemented and extended in other fields of study.

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Content:
- Statistical tools necessary to financial management, Financial tools risk,
return and cost of capital
- Time value of money
- Basic concepts of financial management and financial environment
- Analysis of financial ratios and Analysis of cash flows
- Cost of different types of funding (calculation of the weighted average
cost of capital, WACC)
- Capital investment analysis methods
- Capital investment and risk
- Break-even analysis and operating leverage Financial leverage Capital
structure
- Valuation of securities
- Long-term investment decisions
- Short-term financing decisions
- Risk management and international financial management.

HCM363: Internship in General Administration

Objective: At the end of the internship, student should be able to demonstrate
skills in General Administration and health care administration at various levels of
health care in the hospital /organizations
Content: Management styles in health units, service, institution, facility,
hospital-public and private, report writing, post internship reports and viva.

HCM364: Internship in Human Resource Management

Objective: At the end of the internship, student should be able to demonstrate
skills in human resource management at the hospital and other health care
organizations.
Content: Management the human resources in health units, service, institution,
facility, hospital-public and private, report writing, post internship reports and viva.
Aspects like contracting, performance, remuneration, bonuses are carefully carried
out.
HCM365: Internship in Project Management and Development.
Objective: At the end of the internship, student should be able to demonstrate
skills in financial Project management and development in health.
Content: Understanding the rules of project management and development,
understand the various stages. Develop sample projects and elaborately show the
various stages. Assess any running project by the health unit at the time and write a
report at the level on which it is.

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HCM366: Research Project
Objective: At the end of the course, the students should be able carry out
some research on a health care management topic
Content: Selection of topic, presentation of proposal for research, carrying out
the research and reporting it.

HCM367: Professional Ethic and Deontology

 Ethics and Professional Deontology: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW
1. Theoretical Bases of the ethics and the deontology
2. Philosophical Foundations of medical ethics and care
3. Values, beliefs, cultures, religions, standards, deviances
4. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia,
confidentiality
5. The professional secrecy
6. Ethics in the daily practice of care (case study from professional
experience)
7. Right to the man
8. The right of the Child (child abuse)
9. The right of elderly persons, the Sick
10. Accompaniments of dying (palliative care)
11. The ethics of medical research and care, case study
12. Code of deontology of personal medico-sanitary.

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Field : MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty :
HEALTH SANITARY INSPECTOR

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 Field: MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Specialty: Health sanitary Inspector

1. The objective of the training

The mission of HSI program is to train highly qualified Health Sanitary Inspectors
capable of inspecting, evaluating and planning high quality healthy environment in
diverse settings locally, nationally and internationally.

2. The powers sought

 Generic Skills

-Be responsible and reflexive;

- Have empowered gestural and capabilities; relational
- Recognize its emotions and be able to use with the acquired
professional necessary;
- Have a trust and a proven insurance;
- Have the critical capacity and questioning;
- Develop an ethics and a normal professional;
- Make thoughtful decisions;
- Act with autonomy and responsibility in the fields of well delimited its
function;
- Master the computer tool and ICT.
 Specific skills

- Inspects community land areas and investigates complaints concerning

neglect of property and illegal dumping of refuse to ensure compliance
with municipal code: Inspects designated areas periodically for
evidence of neglect, excessive litter, and presence of unsightly or
hazardous refuse;
- Interviews residents and inspects area to investigate reports of illegal
dumping and neglected land;
- Locates property owners to explain nature of inspection and
investigation findings and to encourage voluntary action to resolve
problems;
- Studies laws and statutes in municipal code to determine specific
nature of code violation and type of action to be taken;
- Issues notices of violation to land owners not complying with request for
voluntary correction of problems;
- Issues notices of abatement to known violators of dumping regulations
and informs other municipal agencies of need to post signs forbidding
illegal dumping at designated sites;

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 Prepares case materials when legal action is required to solve problems;
-
- Conducts informational meetings for residents, organizes neighborhood
cleanup projects, and participates in campaigns to beautify city to
promote community interest in eliminating dangerous and unsightly
land use practices.
3. OUTLETS
- Health and sanitation departments of Municipal Bodies
- District Councils
- Transportation services (Railways, seaports, airports…)
- Hotels
- Food industries.

4. Organization of the Teachings

Semester 1
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Sanitary Inspector
Code Hourly Volume Number
Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total of Credits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

Anatomy-Physiology I /Cell Biology -
HSI 111 45 20 5 5 60 4
Histology
Microbiology I : Bacteriology-Parasitology
HSI 112 35 15 5 5 75 5
/General Chemistry & Biochemistry
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Fundamentals of Nursing I : Overview-
HSI 113 35 15 5 5 60 4
Concepts-History-Theories
Social Sciences I : Medical Sociology,
HSI 114 45 20 5 5 75 5
Anthropology & Psychology
Fundamentals of Nursing II: Human
HSI 115 30 5 5 5 45 3
Development Across The Life Span
HSI 116 Field Placement I(immersion in hospital) / / 70 20 90 6
Transversals courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HSI 117 Bilingual training 25 5 10 5 45 3
Total 285 75 12 78 450 30

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Semester 2
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Sanitary Inspector
Courses Titles Hourly Volume Number
Code
L T P SPW Total of Credits
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
HSI 121 Anatomy-Physiology II 45 20 5 5 75 5
Microbiology II: Virology-Mycology-
HSI 122 35 15 5 5 60 4
Immunology
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Fundamentals Of Nursing III: Nursing
HSI 123 45 20 5 5 75 5
Sciences and First Aid
Public Health: Epidemiology-Demography-
HSI 124 30 5 5 5 45 3
Environmental Sanitation & Health Promotion
HSI 125 Medical Nursing I 35 10 10 5 60 4
Field Placement II (immersion in district
HSI 126 / / 70 20 90 6
council)
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HSI 127 Civics and Ethics – ICT 30 6 9 45 3
Total 235 56 94 65 450 30

Semester 3
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Sanitary Inspector

Courses Titles Hourly Volume Number

code
L T P SPW Total OfCredits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

HSI 231 Food & Nutrition 45 20 5 5 75 5
General Safety, Occupational Health
HSI 232 35 15 5 5 60 4
And Hygiene
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HSI 233 Water and Air Sanitation 55 10 20 5 90 6
HSI 234 Noise Pollution & Management 25 10 5 5 45 3
HSI 235 Personal Hygiene 25 10 5 5 45 3
Field Placement III(Food and water
HSI 236 / / 70 20 90 6
industries/ Market)
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
- French and English for Medical Profession II
HSI 237 30 5 5 5 45 3
- ICT I
Total 230 65 93 62 450 30

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Semester 4
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Sanitary Inspector

Courses Titles Hourly Volume Number

Code
L T P SPW Total OfCredits

Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

HSI 241 Health Education & Communication 35 15 5 5 60 4
Behavioral Science, Complimentary &
HSI 242 45 20 5 5 75 5
Alternative Medicine
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Biotechnological Applications For
HSI 243 45 20 5 5 75 5
Environmental Protection
HSI 244 Night Soil Disposal 35 15 5 5 60 4
HSI 245 Soil Sanitation 25 10 5 5 60 3
Field Placement IV (Hostel and dormitories)
HSI 246 / / 70 20 90 6
Introduction to Operational Research
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
Research methodology, Biostatistics
HSI 247 25 10 5 5 45 3
Health Information Systems
Total 227 70 100 53 450 30

Semester 5
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Sanitary Inspector
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles
L T P SPW Total Of Credits

Fundamental Courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours

HSI 351 Built Environment 35 15 5 5 60 4
Occupational Health And Health Care
HSI 352 50 15 5 5 75 5
Management
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
Burial And Cremation Ground And Mass
HSI 353 35 15 5 5 60 4
Casualty Disposal
HSI 354 Control of Biological Environment 35 15 5 5 60 4
Sanitation Measures in Fairs, Festivals and
HSI 355 35 15 5 5 60 4
Natural calamities-Mass Casualty Disposal
HSI 356 Field Placement V (refugee camp or prison) / / 70 20 90 6
Transversalscourses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HSI 357 Medical Law, Legal and Occupational Health 30 5 5 5 45 3
Total 190 37 180 43 450 30

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Semester 6
Field : Medical and Biomedical Sciences Specialty: Health Sanitary Inspector
Hourly Volume Number
CODE Courses Titles Of Credits
L T P SPW Total
Fundamental courses 30% (2 UC) 9 credits 135 hours
Communicable and Non-Communicable
HSI 361 40 15 15 5 75 5
Diseases- Health Economics
Family Assessment and Food Hygiene and
HSI 362 35 15 5 5 60 4
Sanitation
Professional courses 60% (4 UC) 18 credits 270 hours
HSI 363 Public Health Administration 35 15 5 5 60 4
HSI 364 Project Management 35 16 4 5 60 4
HSI 365 Global Health 35 16 4 5 60 4
Field Placement VI(determined by title of
HSI 366 / / 70 20 90 6
project)
Transversals courses 10% (1 UC) 3 credits 45 hours
HSI 367 Professional Ethics and Deontology 25 10 5 5 45 3
Total 196 49 153 52 450 30

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 5. Courses content

HSI111: Anatomy and Physiology I / Cell Biology -Histology

 Anatomy Physiology -1: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, P, SPW

1. Nervous System
- The organization of the nervous system: central nervous system,
periPWral nervous system, autonomic nervous system (the systems
parasympathetic and sympathetic);
- The structure of the nervous tissue;
- The nerve endings; - the operation of neurons; - the reflexes.

2. The Endocrine System

- The hormones;
- Thyroid and parathyroid glands;
- The pituitary and hypothalamus;
- The adrenal glands;
- The pancreas.

3. Organ of meaning
- The eye: the view;
- The ear: hearing and balance;
- The sense of smell;
- The taste;
- The touch.

HSI112: Microbiology I : Bacteriology – Parasitology, General Chemistry

andBiochemistry
 Microbiology I: Bacteriology-Parasitology
Objectives:
This course is designed to give a basic understanding of microorganism. Upon
successful completion of the course, the student should be able to:-
- Have a general notion of Microorganisms
- Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to humans
- Differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotes
- Perform Preliminary basic laboratory techniques for identifying
Microorganisms
Content:
- General introduction to Microbiology
- Importance of Microbes
- Cell types: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- History of Development of MCB

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 - Structure and Function of a Composite Bacteria cell
- Classification and Identification of Microorganisms
- Criteria used for classification of Microorganisms
Parasitology:
Introduction to Parasitology
- Definition of some terminologies used in Parasitology
- Transmission and diseases caused by parasites
- Classification and characteristics of parasites
- Life cycles of some parasites (aetiologic agent, mode of
transmission, infective and diagnostic stages)e.gEntamoeba
histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmaniaspp,
Trypanosoma spp, Malaria parasite,Ascarislumbricoides,
Hookworms, Taeniaspp, Schistosoma spp
- Quality assurance in the Parasitology laboratory
- Basic techniques used in the identification of parasites
Introduction to the laboratory
- levels of laboratories
- laboratory safety
- First Aid in the laboratory
Introduction to Haematology
- Overview
- Red blood cell Indices
- White blood cell Indices
- Blood groups and Transfusion
- ABO blood group system
- Rhesus Factor
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate
Introduction to Medical Parasitology
- Definition of basic terminologies in Parasitology
- Host/ Parasite Interactions
- Routine stool examination
- Examination of Malaria parasite
Introduction to Clinical Chemistry
- Specimen collection and processing
- Explanation of clinical Chemistry results: Blood sugar, heart disease
risk, Iron status, Kidney Function tests, Electrolytes, Acid-base
balance, Bone metabolism, Lipid panel, Liver Function tests,
Cancer screening, Thyroid function and Urinalysis
Introduction to Bacteriology
- Bacterial structure
- Bacteria cell shape and arrangement

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 - Laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoeae
- Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis
- Laboratory diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections
- Laboratory examination of V/S and U/S

 General Chemistry & Biochemistry

Objective: The student should be able to; describe the role of chemistry in
modern life; define some of the physical properties of drugs, e.g., solubility, melting
point, boiling point and acid–base properties; explain the terms pH, Pka, buffer and
neutralization.
Atomic structure and bonding: Describe the fundamental concepts of atomic
structure; explain various aspects of chemical bonding; discuss the relevance of
chemical bonding in drug molecules and drug–receptor interactions.
Content: Physical Chemistry
 General Introduction: Role of chemistry in modern life.
 Atomic Structure: Orbitals and electronic configurations
- Aufbau principle.
- Pauli exclusion principle
- Hund‘s rule
- Hybridization
 Atomic Structure and Bonding
- Describe the fundamental concepts of atomic structure.
- Explain various types of chemical bonding.
- Electronegativity and chemical bonding
- Bond polarity and intermolecular forces.
- Understand the significance of chemical bonding in drug-
receptor interactions.
 General Review of the Periodic Table
- Periodic Law
- Alkali metals (group I)
- Some medical uses of group I elements.
- Alkaline-earth metals (group II)
- Some medical uses of group I elements.
- The transition elements
- Medical uses of some transitional elements.
- Halogens (group VII)
- Medical effects of halogens.
- Isotopy
- The mole concept
- Using moles to balancing & write equations
- The empirical & molecular formulas of compounds

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 Allotropy
-
- Alloy
- Absorption & emission spectra
- Radioactivity and Radiations
 Acids and Bases
- Volumetric analysis
Organic Compounds:
- Carbohydrates: Classification, types and functions
- Lipids and membranes: definitions, types, chemistry,
nomenclature properties and classification
- Amino acids and Proteins: definitions, types, chemistry, properties,
notion of peptide basics.
- Structural levels of Proteins, biological functions

HSI113: Fundamentals of Nursing I : Overview-Concepts-History-Theories

Objective: At the end of this course, the student should master the concepts
and theories in nursing and the nursing process.
Content:
1. Concepts and theories in nursing sciences (2 Credits)
 Clarification of concepts
- Health,
- Sickness ;
- Life,
- Death,
- The health continuum ;
- Signs and sickness;
- Need ;
- The concept of paradigme,
- Theories ;
- Modeles,

 Theories in nursing sciences

a. Suzanne KEROUAC’sapproach
- Schoolneed;
- School of interaction.
- School of desiredneeds;
- School of health promotion;
- School of the uniqueness of the human being.
 A view of Nursing authors
- Florence NIGHTINGALE ;
- Hildegarde PEPLAN,

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 - Martha ROGERS
- Gerthud UJHELY,
- Imogène KING,
- Nancy ROPER,
- Dorothy E. OREM
- Myra LEVINE ;
- Callista ROY ;
- Affef MELLES,
- Virginia HENDERSON,
- Dorothy E. JOHNSON,
- Marjory Gordon ;
- MC GILL ;
- Betty NEUMAN,
- PENDER,
- IDA Orlando,
- Joyce Travelbee ;
- PARSE ;
- Leninger ;
- Laring WATSON ;
 Nursing care
- Concept of nursing Science;
- Types and nature of nursing care

 Conceptual notions in nursing:

- Definition ;
- Importance of nursing concepts ;
- Criteria of choice of concepts in nursing.

b. Virginia HENDERSON’s concepts

1. Components of models
2. Fondamental needs ;
3. Dependance, independance ;
4. Sources of difficulties
5. Virginia HENDERSON‘sanalysis table
6. Virginia HENDERSON‘s model of data collection
c. MARJORY GORDON’s model
1. The 11 vital functions of man;
2. MARJORY GORDON‘s model of data collection.

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HSI114: Social Sciences I : Medical Sociology, Anthropology & Psychology
Objective:
- To outline key ideas about dysfunctional patterns of behavior.
- To discuss maladjusted responses resulting from defects in
personality development and suggest ways that nurses can help.
Content:
- Introduction to psychology
- Major steps of life:
- Emotional, Intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial evolution
of the individual: First age, second age, preschool, school,
adolescence, adulthood, aging.
- Body structure and body image
- Personality
- Dynamic aspects of personality, unconscious, instinct, repression,
motivation.
- Defense mechanism and adaptation.
- Emotional states: Feelings, emotions, fear, anger, distrust, anxiety.
- Comportments and behaviors.
- The different modes of relationship: social, educational,
cooperative, authority, dependency, acceptance, mothering.
- Evolution of life and of the human being in his psychological
dimensions.
- The doctor – patient relationship: specificities.
Sociology:
Introduction to sociology
- Concept of group: Social groups (family, work groups, institution).
- Dynamics of small groups
- Dynamics of conflicts: Leaders
- Communication and communication networks
- Evolution of life and the human being in his social dimensions.
Anthropology / Ethnology
- Notions of anthropology and ethnology
- Anthropology, ethnology
- Customs and cultural PWnomena
- The innate and the acquired myths and beliefs
- Cultural attitudes to health, illness, death.

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HSI115: Fundamentals of Nursing II: Human Development Across The Life
Span
Objective: To outline key ideas about dysfunctional patterns of behaviour.
To discuss maladjustive responses resulting from defects in personality development
and suggest ways that nurses can help.
Content:
- Introduction to psychology
- Major steps of life:
- Emotional, Intellectual, psychomotor and psychosocial evolution
of the individual: First age, second age, preschool, school,
adolescence, adulthood, aging.
- Body structure and body image
- Personality
- Dynamic aspects of personality, unconscious, instinct, repression,
motivation.
- Defense mechanism and adaptation.
- Emotional states: Feelings, emotions, fear, anger, distrust, anxiety.
- Comportments and behaviours.
- The different modes of relationship: social, educational,
cooperative, authority, dependency, acceptance, mothering.
- Evolution of life and of the human being in his psychological
dimensions.
- The doctor – patient relationship: specificities.

HSI116: Field Placement I (Immersion in Hospital)

HSI117: Bilingual training

 Bilingual Training: 3 credits (45 hours); L, T, SPW
 English: 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)
1. Vocabulary
- Technical and usual vocabulary of the specialty
2. Grammar
3. Bilingual expression
- Understanding in interaction in Technical Discussions
- Continuous oral communication: Show, explain, develop,
summarize, account, comment;
- Interactions oral communication
4. Autonomous reading of "writings" of all levels
- Lead by a quick reading to understand the general sense;
- Browse a text long enough to locate desired information;

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 - Gather information from different parts of the document or of the
different documents in order to accomplish a specific task.
5. Write clear, detailed texts
- Essay writing;
- Application for employment;
- C.V;
- Letter of motivation;
- Letter / memo writing and minutes of a meeting

 French : 1.5 credits (22 hours 30mn)

1. Vocabulaire
Vocabulaire technique usuel
2. Grammaire
- Du verbe : Conjugaison aux temps communément utilisés –
présent, passé composé, imparfait, futur, conditionnel, plus-que-
parfait, l‘impératif, l‘infinitif, la voix passive ;
- De l‘adjectif : qualificatif, possessif, démonstratif, interrogatif,
numéraux, indéfinis ;
- Du nom et son article: masculin/féminin ; singulier/pluriel ;
dénombrable et non-dénombrable ;
- Du pronom : personnel, possessif, interrogatif, démonstratif, relatif,
indéfini ;
- De l‘adverbe et de la locution adverbiale : pour dire comment,
où, quand et pourquoi ;
- Des fonctions grammaticales.
3. Expression et communication
- Compréhension et interaction au cours d‘une discussion
technique ;
- Communication orale courante ;
- Communication orale interactive ;
- De la phrase : simple, complexe, composée ; interrogative,
déclarative, exclamative et impérative.
- Lecture rapide et compréhension de texte ;
- Synthèse de texte
- De la communication : rédaction de texte, d‘instructions, de
rapport, d‘une correspondance, d‘une lettre recommandation
ou de motivation, d‘une demande d‘emploi, d‘une demande
d‘explication, d‘une réponse à une demande d‘explication, d‘un
CV ;
- Gestion d‘une table ronde/discussion : la prise de notes, la prise
de parole
- Expressions figées

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HSI121: Anatomy and Physiology II
 Anatomy physiology 2: 4 appropriations (60 hours); L, T, P, SPW
1. Cardiovascular system (1 Credit)
- The heart;
- The general circulation;
- The different parts of the circulatory system (arteries, system door,
the veins, the pulmonary circulation);
- Verification of the effectiveness of the Movement: blood pressure,
pulse.
2. The respiratory system (0.5 credit)
- Descriptive anatomy and appliquéedes respiratory tract;
- Mechanism of the ventilation.
- The respiratory échangesgazeux;
- Lesmodifications of the respiratory system during pregnancy.
3. The digestive system (0.5 credit)
- Descriptive anatomy of the digestive system;
- The bodies annexs to the digestion - The mechanism of digestion; -
The Digestive changes during the course of thepregnancy.
4. Urinary system (0,5crédit)
- Anatomy of the kidney;
- Schematic and functions of the various parts of the 2 types of
nephron;
- Mechanism of production of urine (glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorption, tubular secretion);
- Anatomy and Physiology of the ureters of the bladder and the
urethra ;
- Physiological changes of urinary system during the pregnancy.
5. The genital system (0.5 credit)
- Anatomy of the genital system the masculine and the feminine
and the glandesannexes;
- Physiology of the semen: sperm analysis;
- Physiology of the genital system masculine: spermatogenesis;
- Physiology of the genital system female: oogenesis, ovarian cycle,
hormonal regulation of the ovarian cycle, menstrual cycle, effects
of estrogen and progesterone, the sexual response of the
woman; - anatomy physiology of the breast.
6. Osteology, Arthropologie and general Myology (1 credit)
- The OS and the skeleton;
- The Joints
- The musculature;
- The baNUS at the woman.

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  Semiology: 1 credit (15 hours) ; L, T, P, SPW
 Definition, etiology, sign and symptom of a few affection of:
- The Respiratory System
- The urinary tract
- The circular device
- The Digestive System
- Nervous System
- Sense Organs
- Dermatology
- Musculoskeletal Health
- Genitourinary

HSI 122: Microbiology II: Virology-Mycology-Immunology

Objective: This course is designed to give a basic understanding of
microorganism. Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be
able to:-
- Have a general notion of Microorganisms
- Know the useful and harmful effects of microbes to humans
- Differentiate prokaryotes from Eukaryotes
- Perform Preliminary basic laboratory techniques for identifying
Microorganisms

Cultivation of bacteria
Types of culture media
Bacteria growth: Batch and Continuous systems, various phases of a bacteria
growth curve
Microbial growth requirements: Physical requirements (Oxygen, temperature etc.),
Chemical requirements (Nitrogen, Carbon etc.) and Growth factors (Vitamins,
amino acids, pyrimidine and purine bases)
Introduction to viruses, General characteristics of viruses, General structure and
functions of the various parts of a virus, Classification of viruses: In terms of nucleic
acids, morphology, Viral replication: adsorption, penetration, uncoating etc.
Terminologies related to the control of microbial growth (sterilization, disinfection,
bacteriostatic, bactericidal etc.)
Introduction to Mycology
- Beneficial and harmful importance of Fungi
- General characteristics of Fungi
- General life cycle of fungi
- Sexual and Asexual reproduction in fungi
- Types of Mycoses
- Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoses

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HSI123: Fundamentals of Nursing III: Nursing Science and First Aid

Objective: The student should understand the nursing process;

Content
1- The nursing process
- Analysis and interpretation of results.
- The concept of nursing diagnosis;
- The nurses intervention;
- The nursing care plan and register;

2- Nursing care Planification

3- First Aid
- Definition, concept of first aide, hemorrhage (bleeding), fainting,
choking and drowning,
- Shock and electrocution, coma (unconsciousness) and heat
stroke (sun burn), fractures, sprains and strains and dislocations,
poisoning, animal bites and insect stings,

HSI124: Public Health: Epidemiology-Demography-Environmental

Sanitation &Health Promotion
Objective: To master of the elements of public health related to epidemiology,
demography the environment and health promotion.
Content:
1. Epidemiology
Epidemiology method, health measurement, epidemiological data,
measurement of epidemiological frequency, prevalence, incidence,
associated impact of epidemiology, precise and validation of epidemiology,
precise problem of sample collection.
2. Demography
Definition, goal of demography, notion of demography, characteristic of the
population, notion of type of demography, ratio, ascending pyramid of age,
stratify population, interpretation.

 Environmental Health: 1.5 credits (22.5 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Hygiene and Sanitation in the middle
 PersonaLygiene
- Physical (clothing, cleanliness, sport);
- Mental (sleep, noise, addiction).

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  Food Hygiene
- Food (balance, conservation);
- Drinking water (domestic treatment of drinking water);
- Addiction (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).
 Hygiene of the Environment
- Habitat (overcrowding, facilities, wastewater, waste);
- Collective facilities.

2. Hospital hygiene
- Definition;
- Importance;
- Purpose;
- Individual measures;
- Collective measures Institutional andthe nosocomial infection:

▪ Definition;
• Contributing factors;
• Plan to Combat (organization of the fight);
• Hygiene of the patient (toilet, bed linen, etc.);
• Hygiene of the staff (held, hands);
• Hygiene of care and of the equipment of care (asepsis,
antisepsis, decontamination, disinfection, methods and
sterilization procedures physical and chemical);
• Specific hygiene in the surgical blocks;
• Remediation of the hospital environment (water, waste,
facilities);
• Regulation of the movement of patients and staff in the
hospital environment.
3. The promotion of health - Health Promotion;
- Definition;
- Different aspects;
- Persons likely to participate;
- The techniques of communications.

HSI125: Medical Nursing I

Objective: To take care of patients in a medical ward.
Content:
1. Clerking
- Guidelines for collecting history
- Importance of health history
- Components of health history taking
- Physical examination (PE)

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 - Importance of physical examination
- Guidelines for carryout a PE
- Techniques for carrying out a PE
- Vital signs
- Importance of vital signs
- Recording PE and principles guiding recoding of PE
- Guidelines for vital signs
- Technique
2. Temperature
- Clinical thermometer
- Sites for temperature assessment
- Few keys features surrounding temperature
3. Pulse
- Assessing pulse (radial)
- Pulse characteristics
4. Respiratory Rate
- Dyspnea

5. Arterial Blood Pressure (BP)

- Assessing BP
- Drug administration
- General rules for administering medication
- Principles of administering medication
- Maintaining safety in drug administration
- Calculating drug doses
- Medication errors
- Routes and techniques of drug administration
- Enteral routes
- Parenteral routes
- Details on routes of drug administration
- Oral medications
- Injectable
- Intra- muscular routes
- Sites identification
a) a)buttocks
b) Thigh
c) The upper arm
- Subcutaneous route (procedure)
- The IV route

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HSI126: Field Placement II (Immersion in District Council)

HSI127: Civics and Ethics – ICT I

 Civics and Ethics 2 credits (30 hours); L, T
Objective: At the end of this course, the student should acquire basic knowledge on
civics and ethics applicable by the citizen in his daily life and at his job site.
Content
 The Concepts
- The citizen;
- The Nation;
- The State;
- Publics Property and collective‘s goods;
- The freedoms;
- The public service;
- Ethics;
- Ethics, Law and reason;
- Ethical Problem ;
- Ethics and management.
- Civics
- Deontology
- Moral consciousness
- The universal declaration of Human Rights
- Good governance in public services
- The importance of civics to the life of the nation
- Functions of the state and its citizens
- Deontology, Professional ethics and professionalism
- Relationship between morality, law and ethics
- Codes of ethics

 Techniques of Information and Communication 1

- Concepts and architecture of computers
- Definitions: computing, information, computer, data, program,
software, drivers
- System of enumeration of base 2, the unit of measure of the
information and its multiple
- Components of the computer (hardware and software)
- Study of an operating system
- Study of a text treatment software: Microsoft Word
- Study of a spreadsheet/Microsoft Excel
- Study of a presentation software: Microsoft PowerPoint

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HSI231: Food and Nutrition
Objective: To understand the concept, basic principles behind food &
nutrition and its role.
Content:
Food, Nutrition and Health: Principles of Nutrition and Health; Food Selection
and Meal Planning; Food Preparation and Service: Principles and Methods
Food Technology: Cameroonian Foodways and Food Systems; Food Science and
Technology; Food Preparation and Service: Large Quantity and Commercial.

HSI232: General Safety, Occupational Health And Hygiene

Objective: This introduces the student to the study of workplace occupational
health and safety. The student will learn safe work practices in offices, industry and
construction as well as how to identify and prevent or correct problems associated
with occupational safety and health in these locations as well as in the home. The
course is designed to assist the student with the implementation of safe healthy
practices at work and at home.
Content:
1. Personal Health and Safety
- Personal health and safety at home and in the workplace
- Blood borne virus, hepatitis B, HIV
- Dermatitis, skin care
2. Personal Safety
- Emergency first aid treatment
- Reaction to accidents
- reporting of accidents
- Pro-active procedures when accidents occur
- cleaning the accident site
- Personal safety wear and protective equipment
3. Accidents & Their Effect on Industry
- Costs of accidents
- Work accident costs and rates
- Time lost
- Work injuries, parts of the body injured on the job
- Chemical burn injuries
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Injuries
- Drugs and Alcohol in the Workplace
4. Theories of Accidents-(Essay-Select 1 of the followingtheories)
- Domino Theory of Accident Causation
- Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation
- Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation
- Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation

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 - Systems Theory of Causation
- Combination Theory of Accident Causation
5. WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Material InformationSystem)
- Routes of entry into the body of toxic materials
- General safety precautions
- cleaning chemical spills
- MSDS sheets
6. Falling, Impact, Acceleration and Lifting Hazards
- Correct lifting techniques
- Selecting correct lifting procedures in the workplace
- Safety equipment
- Safe storage of materials at home and in the workplace
- Dealing with manual handling
7. Workers Compensation
- Injuries and workers compensation
- Workers' compensation legislation
- Resolution of workers' compensation disputes
8. Roles of Health and Safety Personnel
- The modern health and safety team
- Health and safety manager
- Engineers and safety
9. Stress and Safety
- Workplace stress defined
- Sources of workplace stress
- Human reaction to workplace stress
- Measurement of workplace stress
- shift work, stress and safety
- improving safety by reducing stress
- Stress in safety managers
- Stress and workers compensation
10. Mechanical Hazards and Safeguarding
- Common mechanical injuries
- safeguarding defined
- Lockout/tag out systems
- taking corrective action
11. Heat and Temperature Hazards
- The body's response to heat
- Heat stress and its prevention
- Overview of cold hazards
- Preventing cold stress
12. Fire Hazards

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 - Sources of fire hazards
- Fire dangers to humans
- Detection of fire hazards
- reducing fire hazards
- Development of Fire Safety Standards
- Fire safety myths
- Fire hazards defined
13. Noise and Vibration Hazards
- Hazards levels and risks
- Identifying and assessing hazardous noise conditions
- Noise control strategies
- Vibration hazards
14. Preparing for Emergencies
- First aid in emergencies
- Reporting accident
15. Promoting Safety
- Safety committees
16. Health and Safety Training
- Rationale for health and safety training
17. Industrial Hygiene
- Hazards in the workplace
- Entry points for toxic agents
- Airborne contaminants
- Asbestos hazards
- Hazard recognition, evaluation and control
Select one of the following Chapters for group presentation:
- Computers, Automation and Robots
- Safety and the Environment
- Product Safety and Liability
- Ergonomics and Safety

HSI233: Water Sanitation and Air Sanitation

 Water Sanitation
Objective: It introduces students to the principles of infrastructure planning in
developing countries, with a focus on appropriate and sustainable technologies for
water and sanitation.
Content:
- Historic importance of WASH in improving health;
- Current relationship between WASH and health;
- Infectious and noninfectious agents of disease.

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 - WHO‘s definition of environmental Sanitation? Safe and whole
some water, Sources of water, various uses of water and its need.
- Water borne diseases, conservation source of water, quality of
water, public health aspect of very hard water,
- Steps of disinfection of well.
- Physical, chemical and biological standard for portable water
sources and nature of pollution of water in large scale and small
scale.
- Process of disinfections of water in large and small scale provisions
for sanitary wells and tube wells, plumbing system and its
maintenance.
- Water supply and storage system at the community and domestic
level.
- Classification of sources of water.
- Difference between shallow and deep well.
- Process of sanitary well.
- Demonstration of a protected well in village.
- Sanitary inspection of water supply.
- Collection and despatch of water sample for chemical arsenic
and bacteriological examination.
- Purification of water in urban area.
- Purification of water in rural area
 Air Sanitation
Objective: This course will teach about air pollution and air sanitation.
Content:
- Concepts and importance of adequate ventilation.
- Types of ventilation.
- Natural ventilation.
- Mechanical ventilation.
- Indicators of air pollution.
- Process air purification and disinfection.
- Green house effect, type of ventilation, thermal comfort, air
temperature humidity, radiation, evaporation and their
measurements.
- Demonstration of an air conditioning plant for thermal comfort.

HSI234: Noise Pollution and Management

Objective: This course will teach about sound pollution and its management.
Content:
Basics of acoustics and specification of sound; sound power, sound intensity
and sound pressure levels; plane, point and line sources, multiple sources; ouTHoor

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and indoor noise propagation; psycho-acoustics and noise criteria, effects of noise
on health, annoyance rating schemes; special noise environments: Infra-sound,
ultrasound, impulsive sound and sonic boom; noise standards and limit values; noise
instrumentation and monitoring procedure. Noise indices.

HSI 235: Personal Hygiene

Objective: In this course the student will learn the principles and techniques of
personal hygiene.
Content:
- What is personal hygiene?
- Difference between cleanliness and hygiene
- Public health importance of personal hygiene
- Components of personal hygiene
- Eye hygiene
- Hair hygiene
- Body hygiene
- Oral hygiene
- Armpit and bottom hygiene

HIS 236 : Field Placement III (Food and Water industries/Market)

 Field Placement III (Food and Water industries/Market)

HIS 237 : French for Medical profession/ English for Medical

profession/ICT II
Objective: To develop communication skills in French and English language
and thus enhance patient relationship as needed.
Content:
1. Grammar
2. Different parts of the human body
3. Conversation in French and English as specific to health care
4. Translation of Medical Terms, prescriptions, technical and protocol forms,
drug dispensation notices
5. Drafting of reports
6. Documentation research
7. Use of data sheets and protocols in the French language.
8. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories
9. Drafting of research topics
10. Dissertation on the professional articles
11. Interviews - Speech unto etc.
12. Health structures, premises, equipment, professional categories

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 13. Hospitals
14. The Hardware
15. The staff
16. The Role
17. The pathologies
18. The drugs
 The pathologies by systems
- Urinary system;
- Cardiovascular System;
- Digestive system;
- The endocrine system.
 The dispensing of drugs

 Information and Communication Techniques 2

1. Creation of a simple database with a spreadsheet (How to Give a name
to a cell range)
2. Validation of Data in a range of cells on a spreadsheet
3. Creation of the statistical tables simple (modality, workforce, frequency)
and automatic filling with functions such as NB, NB.If and NB.If.ENS,
Average, Sum, if
4. Creation of graphics from statistical tables
5. Presentation and use of a statistical software (ex: Epi Info)
6. Creation of a questionnaire on EPI info or other
7. Data entry and analysis
8. Definition of the concepts of the computer network
9. Presentation of the types of media and networks
10. Presentation of Internet (Connection, research, download)
11. Networks withoutwires
12. Learning of a software application
13. Numbering system
14. Computer Security: Virus and antivirus

HSI241 : Health Education and Communication

Objective: This course is designed to help students identify, analyze, and apply
concepts, theories and methodologies related to health communication in various
settings and at various levels of influence. Emphasis will be placed on learning how
to design, communicate and evaluate effective health promotion messages.
Content:
1. Health Education: Meaning, Definition, Objectives and Importance

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2. Communication for Health
- Information: Definition and Components.
- The process of communication.
- Methods & media of communication.
- The concept of Information Education and communication (IEC)
for health.
- Health Ethics.
3. Making Health Communication Effective
- Inter personal methods of communication.
- Mass Media Methods of communication.
- Equipment for mass media communication.
- Modes, types and barriers of communication.
4. Patient Education for Common Acute Diseases
- Dental Diseases.
- Diarrhea.
- Vomiting.
- Cough.
- Cough & breatHCMessness (Bronchitis).
- Asthma.
- Skin Diseases (e. g. scabies, boils, infected wounds).
5. Patient Education in Chronic Diseases
- Diabetes.
- Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis.
- Hypertension.
- Arthritis.
- Ischemic Heart Disease.
- Obesity.
- Cancers.
- Other Chronic Diseases.
6. Sexuality Education and Family Life Education
- Prevention of STHs (Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)).
- Prevention & control of HIV/AIDS.
- Safe sex.
- Universal safety precaution for control of HIV/AIDS.
- Planned Parenthood and Family Planning.
7. Public Relations in Health Care Service Institutions
- Definition of public relation.
- Role and importance of public relations in health care service
institutions.

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 - Role of General Health Assistant (GHA) in the hospitals.
- Staff-patient relationship.
- Doctor-patient relationship.
- Personal hygiene of hospital staff.
- Empathy Vs sympathy in patient care.
-

8. Public Health
- Principles of Public Health.
- Immunization.
- National Health Programmes I (National Rural Health Mission
including RCH II).
- National Health Programmes II (RNTCP, Malaria control, Blindness
control, HIV/AIDS control, others).
- Disinfection of Water.
- Sanitation & disposal of Excreta.
- Methods of Disinfection.
- Data Collection.
- Basics of Medical Statistics like Mean, Mode, Median, Charts, and
Diagrams& Sampling Method.
- Techniques of Health Education.
9. Organizational Behaviour: Meaning, Importance of Human Relationship in
Healthcare Institutions.
- Organizational Behaviour: Meaning, need and importance,
Internal and External human relations, factors affecting human
relations, behavior in organizations at the individual and group
level, effect of organization structure and process on behaviour.
- Group Behaviour: Group Dynamics formal and informal groups,
Group decision making techniques, Team: Meaning, purpose,
Type, Life cycle, Team work, Team building, team effectiveness.
- Conflicts: Nature, levels, effects, conflict resolution process,
Transactional analysis – meaning, benefits.
- Customer Relations: Significance, How to deal with customers.

HSI242: Behavioral Science, Complimentary & Alternative Medicine

 Behavioral Science
Objective: After this course, the students will be able to understand the basic
behavioral science theories and apply these theories to any observed behavior of
self and others.
Content:
- Introduction

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 - Methods used in behavioural sciences
- Behaviour of the Individual
- Nature/nurture debate
- Behaviourism and learning theories
- Behaviour Modification
- Science of Relationships
- Non-verbal communication
- Interpersonal relationships
- Friendship and Love
- Behaviour at Work
- Adjustment to Work
- Motivation at work
- Group dynamics
- Decision-making
- Health and Illness behaviour
- Determinants of health
- Psychopathology
- Stress, coping
- Healthy lifestyles
 Complimentary & Alternative Medicine
Objective: This course is designed to introduce the health sanitary inspectors
to the philosophies, practitioners, techniques, and evidence of efficacy of
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapeutics currently in use.

Content:
- Massage & Other Bodywork Therapies
- Tai Chi & Qigong
- Nutritional Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Hypnotherapy
- Neurofeedback
- Biofeedback
- Herbals in Health & Healing
- Herbal Medicine: Safety, Efficacy & Effectiveness
- Acupuncture & Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Introduction to Osteopathic Medicine
- Chiropractic
- Aromatherapy/Essential Oils

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HSI 243: Biotechnology application for Environmental Protection
Objective: This will teach the students about the biotechnological applications
for environmental protection.
Content:
Environmental Biotechnology: Basic Concept
Principles and concepts of environmental biotechnology – usefulness to
mankind.
Biotechnology in Pollution Control
Types of pollution, Methods for measurement of pollution, Methodology of
environmental management, air pollution and its control through biotechnology.
Water as a scare natural resource, need for water management, measurement of
water pollution, waste water collection, waste water treatment – Physical, chemical
and biological treatment processes. Solid waste management (composting,
wormiculture and methane production)
Microbial Technology for Waste Management
Degradation of high concentrated toxic pollutants, non-halogenated,
halogenated petroleum hydrocarbons-metals. Mechanisms of detoxification-
oxidation reactions, de-halogenation biotransformation of metals.Microbial
cell/enzyme technology – adapted microorganisms – biological removal of nutrients
microalgal biotechnology and applications in agriculture- role of extra cellular
polymers. Biotechnological remedies for environmental damages –
decontamination of ground water systems subsurface environment – reclamation
concepts – bioremediation. Production of proteins – biofertilizers. Biodegradation of
solid wastes – physical, chemical and microbiological factors of composting – health
risk – pathogens – odour management – technologies of commercial importance
advances in biogas technology – case study.
Fermentation Biotechnology
Anaerobic digestion, anaerobic filters, Up-flow unanaerobic sludge blanket
reactors, treatment schemes for waste water of daiy, distillery, tannery, sugar,
antibiotic industries. Aerobic process, activated sludge, oxidation ditches, trickling
filters, towers, rotating biological contractors, oxidation ponds.

Biotechnology and Global Environmental Problems

Ozone depletion UV-B, green house effect and acid rain, their impact and
biotechnology approaches for management.

HSI244 : Night Soil Disposal

Objective: This course will teach the students about the need and techniques
of night soil disposal.
Content:
Fly nuisance Soil pollution. Water pollution Food contamination, Faucal - borne
disease due to unsanitary disposal. Different types of latrines in use principal of

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construction of sanitary latrines and their use, especially berg hole, dug well, RCA
and septic tank latrine. Sewage system or water carriage system. What is
sewage.Why sewage purification is required. Sewer appurtenances, house
drain.Street sewers or municipal sewers.Sewage forming land treatment.Sewage
disposal by Biogas plant or gobar gas plant.Methods of disinfection of sewage.
Sanitary practices of sewage farming
Demonstration of sewage treatment plant.Inspection of flushing tank, soil
plant, traps, man holes, inspection chambers and maintenance of gully
trap.Collection of sewage sample for chemical and bacteriological analysis and
interpretation or reports. Inspection and maintenance of sewage treatment plants
and disinfections of stabilized sewage. Organization of cleaning, minor engineering
and oil operation of the sewage system. Detection of pollution of water from
sewage
Construction and maintenance of sanitary latrines.
- Soakage pit.
- Sanitary latrine.
- RCA latrine
- Septic tank latrine
- Sewage treatment plant.
- Sulabh Sauchalaya
Maintenance of trenching ground

HSI245: Soil Sanitation

Objective: In this course the student will learn the Principles and Techniques of
soil sanitation.
Content:
- Classification of soil.
- Classification from the view point of importance in Public Health.
Reason for the excessive moisture in the soil.
- Reclamation of land.
- Soil, bacteria and parasites.
- Soil and Health.
- Study on insecticides, pesticides and disinfections.
- Sterilization & disinfection of different Articles.
- Various spraying equipments.
- Sampling for assessment of soil pollution.
- Treatment of soil to alter the PH and disinfections.

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HSI246: Field Placement IV (Hotel and Dormitories) – Introduction to
Operational Research
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences
and be able to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and
approaches in qualitative and quantitative research
methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature
through the use of valid resources, and thereby provide informed
opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and
apply appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve
the research questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control
for these in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the
appropriate choice and application of statistical testing to assess
this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or
group research.
Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research:
Purposiveness, Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision,
generalizability, objectivity); Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories,
deductive & inductive reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions
Elements of the Scientific Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question,
Hypotheses, Experiments, Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and applied,
Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research,
Conceptual vs Empirical Research, Etc.

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HSI247: Biostatistic – Health Information System
 Introduction to Research
Objective: At the completion of this course, students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of research in the biomedical sciences
and be able to apply them
- Be able to accurately describe the fundamental concepts and
approaches in qualitative and quantitative research
methodology.
- Be able to find and appraise the available research literature
through the use of valid resources, and thereby provide informed
opinion.
- Be able to raise research questions in professional practice and
apply appropriate research methodology to investigate and solve
the research questions.
- Write a research proposal for approval by the Ethics Committee.
- Understand the role of bias and confounding and how to control
for these in selection of study design.
- Appreciate the role of chance/random error, and the
appropriate choice and application of statistical testing to assess
this.
- Demonstrate the skills and knowledge required for independent or
group research.
Content:
Introduction to research: Meaning and objectives of research; definition and
Significance of health research, importance of research methodology for health
science students.
Scientific research: Definition; Characteristic of scientific research: Purposiveness,
Rigor, testability, reliability, validity, replicability, precision, generalizability,
objectivity); Dimensions of scientific research (concepts, theories, deductive &
inductive reasoning, empiricism, variables, hypothesis, propositions Elements of the
Scientific Method: Empirical Approach, Observation, Question, Hypotheses,
Experiments, Analysis, Conclusion, and Replication
Scientific research process:
Categories of Research: Empirical and theoretical research, Basic and applied,
Descriptive vs Analytical Research, Quantitative vs Qualitative Research,
Conceptual vs Empirical Research, Etc.
 Biostatistics I
Objective: To summarize, analyze, present and interpret health statistical
information.
Content:
1. Introduction

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 2. Basic concepts in biostatistics
3. Sampling techniques and data collection
4. Variables (Qualitative and Quantitative)
5. Presentation of data: Frequency and frequency distribution, bar charts,
Histograms, pie charts etc.
6. Summarization of qualitative and quantitative data: mean, median,
standard deviations and standard errors.
 Biostatistics II
Content
1. The concept and Principles of Significant tests and confidence intervals
2. Statistical testing and inference: The normal distribution and t-distribution,
Chi squared test, Poison distribution, non-parametric tests etc.
3. Errors in statistics

 Health Information System: 2 credits (30 hours); L, T, SPW

1. Definition;
2. Goals;
3. Statistical elements:
- Unit unto Population, Sample;
- Sources of statistical data;
- The statistical calculation.

4. The process of health information: - collection of data;

- Media, routing;
- Treatment (counting, grouping, presentation);
- Analysis and interpretation;
- Retro-information and decision-making.

HSI351: Built Environment

Objective: This course will teach the students to understand and apply the
principal behind healthy living in built environment e.g. house.
Content:
- Home injuries
- Indoor Air Quality
- Pests & pest control
- Crowding
- Water/sanitation
- Location
- Climate protection function
- Requisites of satisfactory and safe housing, sanitary standards for
construction of houses and provision of utility services. Assessment
of overcrowding.

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 - Survey of housing for assessing sanitary standards and
prescriptions of remedial measures.

HSI 352 : Occupational Health and Health Care Management

 Occupational Health
Objective: This course will teach the students how to evaluate a work
environment and plan an environment with occupational safety.
Content:
- Industrial hygiene
- workers health protection
- occupational risk factors and safety measures
- control of dust and other hazardous substance
- safety measure for occupational risk factorlegislative provisions
- benefits to employees
- Inspection of trade premises.
- Visit to a factory for survey of sanitation problems of the
workplace.
- Identification of danger zones and adequacy of safety
arrangements.
- Health and sanitation survey of the vicinity of the industrial
establishment for identification of health problems emerging from
industrial pollution and suggestions for remedial measures.
- Environmental pollution- its causes, consequences, mitigation and
remedies.
 Health Care Management
- The Cameroon Health organization
- Missions of health units in the National territory: Health centers,
district hospitals, Central hospitals, University teaching hospitals,
private, lay, and denominational hospitals and clinics,
- Relationship with health, national and international poverty-
control organizations (other ministries, donors, international
organizations, NGOs, associations),
- Economic and financial management. Management of
personnel, staff planning, and in service training, Management of
nursing care and drugs.
- Legislation applying to health units
- Economic and financial management
- Management of personnel, staff planning, and in service training,
- Management of nursing care and drugs.
- Characteristics of an administrative document, Administrative
letter writing.

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 - Report writing, Forwarding slip and Forwarding letter
- Public and private administrative letters and the memorandum
- Administrative note, various administrative forms, the pay
voucher.
- Status of the staff of the Ministry of Public Health and Higher
education
- Trade unions and Associations: the right to strike.

HSI353: Burial and Cremation Ground and Mass Casualty Disposal

Objective: The subject serves to integrate the knowledge gained by the
students in creating safe burial and cremation ground and mass casualty disposal.
Content:
- Disposal of dead- Human.
- Burning or cremation.
- Requirement for a burning ground.
- Disposal of dead bodies and maintenance of their records.
- Visit to burial or funeral ground for sanitation, proper process of
disposal of dead body and maintenance of records as per legal
provision.

HSI354: Control of Biological Environment

Objective: The course is designed to provide knowledge in assessing and
controlling the biological environment for healthy environment.
Content:
- Study on insecticides, pesticides and disinfections.
- Sterilisation & disinfections of different articles.
- Various spraying equipments.
- Uses of rodenticides & larvaecidals.
- Identification and use of insecticides, pesticides and disinfection
- Application of Techniques of sterilization and disinfection of
various articles.
- Identification of different parts of spraying equipments
- Operation and maintenance of spraying equipment.
- Use of Larvicide's.
- Use of rodenticides

HSI355: Sanitation Measures in Fairs, Festivals and Natural Calamities-

Mass Casualty Disposal
Objective: The subject serves to integrate the knowledge gained by the
students in creating safe and healthy environment at public gatherings and mass
casualties.

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 Content:
- Sanitation Management at fairs and festival. Sanitary problems
associated with human gatherings and temporary settlements.
- Alternate emergency sanitary provisions to prevent sanitation crisis
for food, housing, water supply, lighting, disposal of community
waste and prevention of outbreak of epidemics.
- Inspection and preparation of fair and festival, industry and trade.

HSI356: Field Placement V (refugees camps or prisons)

 Field Placement V (refugees’ camps or prisons).

HSI357: Medical Law

 Medical Law
Objective: To know the components of medical law.
Content:
- Chapter one: criminal law
- Chapter two: criminal responsibility
- Chapter three: labour law
- Chapter four: some rights of the employee under the labour rule
- Chapter five: civil status registration
- Chapter six: right of women and children under the code
- Chapter seven: tort
- Chapter eight: inheritance, succession and wills
- Chapter night: introduction to human right
- Chapter ten: some international right instruments

 Labor law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

- Definition of the right of labor, birth and evolution of labor law and
sources
- The contract of work (conclusion, implementation and rupture)
- The conflicts of work (individual and collective)
- The delegate of the staff, unions
- Work accidents and occupational diseases
- The hygiene and safety in the workplace

 Administrative Law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW

- Nature and function of the management of personnel, training
and staff development, supervision and evaluation of employees;
- assessment of jobs and administration of salaries;

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 trade union organizations and labor legislation, collective
-
bargaining, grievance and strikes; administration services to
employees.
- Practical application in industrial administration, public and the
hospital.
 Comon law: 1 credit (15 hours); L, T, SPW
- Society, ethics and the law;
- the foundation of the right and of the social life;
- concepts of health and education;
- place of the body in moral and in law;
- the right and duties of the individual and of the Community (right
of patients, the rights of the person and the health care system);
- privatization and publicisation of health, respect for private life
and social cost of health.
- Autonomy, participation, etc.

HSI362: Family Assessment and Food Hygiene and Sanitation

 Family Assessment
Objective: The objective of this course is to give the students an introduction
to family assessment techniques.
Content:
- Introduction to Marital Assessment
- Theories of Attachment
- Divorce Predictors
- The Effectiveness of Marital Therapy
- Couples and Alcohol
- Depression and Psychological Illness
- Domestic Violence
- Introduction to Family Assessment
- Miscellaneous Family Assessment Tools
 Food Hygiene and Sanitation
Objective: This course is designed to integrate concepts in chemistry, organic
chemistry, and biochemistry, with food processing sanitation and safety operations
and understand their role in processing of food.
Content:
- Sanitation Overview
- Sanitary Regulations: GMPs
- Management and Sanitation
- ISO 9000, ISO 14000
- Microorganisms and their Relationship to Sanitation
- Food Contamination Sources

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 - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
- Food Plant Design and Construction;
- Air Sanitation;
- Equipment for Effective Sanitation, Water Sanitation, Waste
Product Disposal
- Personal Hygiene;
- Cleaning, Sanitizing
- Pest Control;
- Packaging Sanitation
- Food Storage Sanitation;
- Food Transport Sanitation

HSI363: Public Health Administration

Objective: The subject serves to make the students understand the public
health administration and make them aware of various health projects.
Content:
- Organization of National Health Care Services.
- System of National Health Care Services
- Sub Center –
- Primary Health Care
- Community Health Care
- Specialization Health Intuitions.
- Health services in Cameroon
- Current status of Cameroon.
- Central, State and Local organizations in Cameroon.
- Relation with other departments
- International organizations and their cooperation in the field of
Health. (WHO, UNICEF, UNDP (United Nation Development
Programme)
- Voluntary Agencies in Health Programmes
- Operation Aspects of National Health Programs
- Family Welfare Program
- Maternity & child Health Service
- National Malaria Eradication program.
- National Filarial Control program
- National Leprosy program
- Diarrheas Disease Control program
- STH Control program
- Goiter Control program
- Blindness Control program
- Universal Immunization program

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HSI364: Project Management

Objective: The subject serves to make the students able to do efficient project
management.
Content:
Basics of Project Management: Introduction, Need for Project Management,
Project Management Knowledge Areas and Processes, The Project Life Cycle, The
Project Manager (PM), Phases of Project Management Life Cycle, Project
Management Processes,Impact of Delays in Project Completions, Essentials of
Project Management Philosophy, Project Management Principles
Project Identification and Selection: Introduction, Project Identification
Process, Project Initiation, Pre-Feasibility Study, Feasibility Studies, Project Break-even
point
Project Planning: Introduction, Project Planning, Need of Project Planning, Project
Life Cycle, Roles, Responsibility and Team Work, Project Planning Process, Work
Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Organisational Structure and Organisational Issues: Introduction, Concept of
Organisational Structure, Roles and Responsibilities of Project Leader, Relationship
between Project Manager and Line Manager, Leadership Styles for Project
Managers, Conflict Resolution, Team Management and Diversity Management,
Change management
PERT and CPM: Introduction, Development of Project Network, Time Estimation,
Determination of the Critical Path, PERT Model, Measures of variability, CPM Model,
Network Cost System
Resources Considerations in Projects: Introduction, Resource Allocation,
Scheduling, Project Cost Estimate and Budgets, Cost Forecasts
Project Risk Management: Introduction, Risk, Risk Management, Role of Risk
Management in Overall Project Management, Steps in Risk Management, Risk
Identification, Risk Analysis, Reducing Risks
Project Quality Management and Value Engineering: Introduction, Quality,
Quality Concepts, Value Engineering
Project Management Information System: Introduction, Project Management
Information System (PMIS), Planning of PMIS, Design of PMIS
Purchasing and Contracting for Projects: Introduction, Purchase Cycle, Contract
Management, Procurement Process
Project Performance Measurement and Evaluation: Introduction, Performance
Measurement, Productivity, Project Performance Evaluation, Benefits and
Challenges of Performance Measurement and Evaluation, Controlling the Projects
Project Execution and Control: Introduction, Project Execution, Project Control
Process, Purpose of Project Execution and Control

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 Project Close-out, Termination and Follow-up: Introduction, Project Close-out,
Steps for Closing the Project, Project Termination, Project Follow-up
Project Management Software: Introduction, Advantages of Using Project
Management Software, Common Features Available In Most of the Project
Management Software, Illustration
Case Studies in Project Management.

HSI365: Global Health

Objective: The subject serves to teach the students the global dimension of health.

Content:
- Introduction to global health
- Measuring the world‘s health
- Health, wealth, poverty, and inequality
- More health for the money - Priority setting and resource allocation
- Health systems overview
- Maternal and child health
- HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis
- Undernutrition and obesity
- Chronic diseases and risk factors
- Emerging infectious diseases
- Humanitarian emergencies
- Challenges: Health in the Africa

HSI366: Field Placement VI (Determine by title of project research)

HSI367: Professional Ethics and Deontology

Objective: At the end of the course, the student should use ethical values in
health care decisions, use the civic and legal responsibilities in the execution of daily
functions
Content: Professionalism and ethics of health care, responsibility, autonomy,
rights of health care consumers, rights of health care providers, the Cameroon legal
system, civic responsibilities, the place of the law in health care management,
medical jurisprudence, malpractice and negligence. Knowledge on Crimes that
may occur at work and how to determine them.
 Health care Ethics
1. Morality and Ethics: Norms, Deviances, Religion, Values, Beliefs, Cultures
2. Bioethics
3. MLS Ethics

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 4. Moral Development
5. Ethical Principles: Autonomy, Freedom, Privacy, Confidentiality,
Beneficence, Fidelity, Motivation, Justice, Veracity and Responsibility.
6. Code of Ethics health workers.
7. Application of Ethics to MLS Practice: Respect For Life And Death, The
Concept Of Dignity, Euthanasia, Human Rights, Rights of The Child, Rights of
The Elderly, Patients Rights
8. Ethical Decision Making Frameworks and their Application in diagnosis
9. Context And Conflicts With Bioethical Standards

 Patient Rights:
1. Respect for life and death, the concept of dignity, euthanasia
2. Care for dying patients: Palliative care, Confidentiality, Professional
secrecy, Medical Research and Nursing care ethics.
3. Code of ethics.

 Health Employee/employer contract law for health practitioners

 MLS and the law

 Introduction to Law and Fundamental Rights

 Law
- Sources of law
- Law and enabling Acts (text of application)
- The concept of legal personality
- Civil responsibility (contract, TORT)
- Criminal responsibility
- The court and their jurisdictions
- Labor law: formation and execution of labor contract, remuneration,
condition of work, obligation of the employer and employee,
termination of labor contracts
 Fundamental Rights
- The concepts of human rights
- Sources of human right
- Major international conventions of human rights
- International conventions relating to women
- Children and the rights of the minorities
- The role of the judiciary and the legislative in the protection of
human rights
- The Cameroon national commission of human rights and liberties
- The civil society NGO‘s and the protection of human rights
-

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 Law for Medical laboratory personnel
- Definition of Law, public law, private law
- The client‘s and MLS personnel‘s‘ constitutional right
- Administrative law related to licensing and regulation of health
practice

The Minister of Higher Education

Pr. Jacques FAME NDONGO

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 TECHNICAL COMMITEE

President : Pr Jacques FAME NDONGO, Minister of Higher Education

Pr NYONGBET GABSA Wilfried, General Secretary of Ministry of

Supervisor :
Higher Education

Pr Richard Laurent OMGBA, Head of Department of Higher

General Coordinator :
Education Development (DDES)

Mme NDJEBAKAL née ESSAMA ETOUNDI Marthe Florentine,

Technical
: Head of unit for the Diversification of Training and Higher Education
Coordinateur
Programmes (CDOFPE)

Dr NKOUE NDONDO Gustave Raoul, CEA1/ CDOFPE

Mme BOUBA Odette, CEA2/ CDOFPE,
Mme NDJOUM Adeline, cadre/CDOFPE
Mme TSOUNGUI Françoise, cadre/CDOFPE
Members :
Mme NJAPNDOUNKE NJOYA Hortense, cadre/CDOFPE
Mme MBALLA MBATSOGO C, Cadre/CDOFPE
M. NGASSAM Blaise, cadre/CDOFPE
M. NAMA Benoît, cadre/CDOFPE

FONGOD Augustina, FONKENG EPAH, NGWANYAM Nicholas, DASCHACO

John TAMBUTOH, NKAKA Christopher, AKOSO Wilfred NEBASSI , DJOKAM
Dorothée, BETANGA Thaddus, EBANGA TANYI Maureen, ETOMES Sophie,
NANYONGO MULEMA, Patience BAME, NWAGA Dieudonné, BELONG
Philippe, NYOUM Benjamin, SILLA Jean Claude, NDUNG SHEHU AKWO,
MBESSA Michel, NDOP Joseph, SAMBA Emelda NGUFOR, ONDOUA
NGOUNDE, NDZANA Benoit, SUH AMBE Joseph, AFANA NGA Vincent,
NASHIPU, KUGHONG Walters, NGEH MOHAMMED Lotan , AKIY Georges
ALANG, KWALLO Martin, Romaric NGUEUTEU, MIH Thomas, AJAMAH
Proof Reading
: Ferdinand, AFANE Charles, Andrew AKO AKO, EYONG Gloria ENEKE
team TAKEM, LUNGA Paul KEILAH,NDI Julius NSAMI,NWANA SAMA Bernard,
MELLOH EBAKU Pius, FEDWO Nicodème, VOUFO Joseph, EDOA EYENGA
Philomène, KUATE KAYO Joël, NKODO Armelle Carine Michelle, Theodore
ABAH, FOE Claude Kelly, NGONG Innocent, ETOUNDI NDEMEZO’O
François Yannick, OLEMBE Roland, NJANPA KOUMKAN Christian, SEPPI
SAMOU Nathalie, BEYEME Christian, ABOUI Claire, FONKA Marie,
ENGUENE Lazare, NKONDONGO Samuel, ZEH NANGA Nathalie, TUEGNO
Marcel, NYANG EBODE Lydie, ONGOMO Pierre Claver, ONGUENE Antoine
Guy, SAIDOU Hamann.

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