Criszialyne Mae S.

Casilad | BSHM2B | CONTEMPORARY WORLD |

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION

Before we properly proceed to our topic, I would like you to check things you have maybe in
your bedroom, kitchen or in your bag. Can you tell their brands, their country of origin or the
influencer of these things you have? Write it on the table below.

Table 1

Items Country of Origin Known Influencer

OVEN (LA GERMANIA) GUASTALLA, ITALY FRANCESCO

BERTAZZONI
BAG (GUCCI) FLORENCE , ITALY GUCCIO GUCCI
REFRIGERATOR SOUTH KOREA LEE BYUNG -CHUL
(SAMSUNG)
TELEVISION (DEVANT) PHILIPPHINES JAMES NG

What can you say about your answers? What have you realized?

I must say that it is really fun to know about the things that I used in my daily life those
things were used because of the enhance technologies and the trends in this generations. I
realized that there were things that I don’t know about the brands and those influencer has
really a great impact to people who use it.

I. Discuss below the definition of globalization according to:

1. Manfred Steger – States that “it is the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and across world-space. Globalization creates a wider
opportunity for social relations among nation-states. Where in the technologies such as
mass media, radios and cell phones are used to expand trends and can spread throughout
the countries that would expand the GDP in the economy. The connection or network is a
wide spread of expanding globalization from a nation state to other nations. Also
globalizations has a five main dimensions it consist of economic that stretches the
interrelations around the globe, political that comprises the modern nation state system ,
military that uses offensive and defensive power in a way of survival in international fields,
cultural that develops the global culture , and lastly ecological includes the population
growth , food , biodiversity environmental and economic inequality.

2. Roland Robertson – “globalization refers both to the compression of the world and
intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole.” As the world become small it
means they can reach easily to other nations and interact through the means of technologies
and social media, they may be able to know the happenings in other country crossing the
border to other nations that may affect to the entire world.

3. George Ritzer – Globalization is a transplanetary process or a set of processes involving

increasing liquidity and growing multidirectional flows of people, object, places, and
information as well as the structures they encounter and create that are barriers to, or
expedite those flows. Because of globalization movement of people, products and ideas are
increased in various directions that reach consumers easily and quickly. On the other hand,
the emergences of hindrances limit and diminish the flow of people, products and ideas.
 Through the rapid advance of technology easy access in the products that we use today was
easy to know and deliver the information in an instant can increase the demand of supply of
products that are mostly use and in modern trends.

In the concept map below, describe and explain briefly how globalization happens in its 5
dimensions.
Economic globalization has a widespread international
movement of goods, capital,
services, technology and information. It is the increasing
economic integration and interdependence of national,
regional, and local economies across the world through an
intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services,
technologies and capital. It is also about how integrated
countries are in the global economy. It refers to how
interdependent different countries and regions have become
across the world.

Cultural globalization is the process of

Political globalization is the intensification to
transmission of values, ideas, cultural and
the modern-nation state system and its
artistic expressions. In the era of the
changing place in today’s world, the role of
Internet and fast communications people
global political system across the world.
can interact more easily with each other. 
through that they can access to international
Communities are less insulated than ever
aid and financial support. It contributes
in history, even those who cannot travel
to world peace and it can reduce risk of
can have today a good understanding of
invasions. International organizations are often
other cultures and meet virtually people
committed to spread values like freedom and to
from other parts of the world. People
fight abuses within countries. Smaller countries
change their views and lifestyle
can work together and gain more influence
influenced by global cultural and
internationally and governments can learn from
consumption trends.
each other.

Ecological globalization is consisting of

Military globalization is the increase of range
within which military power can be population growth, food, biodiversity, economy
inequality, environment and climate change.
projected through the progress of military Those were an important factor that has a
organization and technology and the increasing impact to the global intersection internationally.
strategic interrelation first of regional systems and

later of the global system. They also use the power

in advancement of nuclear weapons and global
organizations in order to expand it globally.

What product can you see? The product is a internationally brand of a coca-cola a famous
soda drink labelled with different languages that they can understand base on the country
where it base. Do you notice something peculiar about it? Yes. What is it they were the same
product of coca-cola and the different words written represent the letter/alphabet used in
different country that represent the product across it nations. With these, how can you
relate it with our previous lesson, globalization? A term that mixes the global with the local
to give rise to an increasingly widespread new concept in successful businesses. An essential
 feature to be a technology partner of present and future. It is true
that we live in a globalized world.

I. Fill up the table below with necessary information to sum up your learning. Choose 3
theories only. You may use a separate paper.

Theory of Main concept Concept’s brief Main concept

Globalization description Proponent or
Author

A world-system is He pointed out that This theory was

multicultural some nation-state proposed by
territorial division of failed to develop due Emmanuel
labor which to asymmetrical Wallerstien
production and trade in global
exchange of basic capitalism making
goods and raw them difficult to
materials is compete and
necessary for the become dependent
The World System everyday life of its to rich nation–
Theory inhabitants. For him states.
globalization
represents the
triumph of a
capitalist world
economy.
Globalization also
perpetuates
inequality global
economic system is
inherently unfair.
The theory of GLOCALIZATION Roland Robertson
Robertson means that ideas
suggested that the about home, locality
global is only and community have
manifested in the been extensively
local. spread around the
world in recent
years, so that the
local has been
Glocalization
globalized, and the
stress upon the
significance 17 of
the local or the
communal can be
viewed as one
ingredient of the
overall globalization
process.
Global Village The late Marshall McLuhan chose the Marshall McLuhan
McLuhan, a media insightful phrase
and communication “global village” to
theorist, coined the highlight his
term “global village” observation that an
in 1964 to describe electronic nervous
the phenomenon of system (the media)
the world’s culture was rapidly
shrinking and integrating the
expanding at the planet - events in
same time due to one part of the
pervasive world could be
technological experienced from
advances that allow other parts in real-
for instantaneous time, which is what
sharing of culture. human experience
was like when we
lived in small
villages.
 II. This time please read and summarize news (or collects newspaper clippings) that has a
global impact. Analyze the news and make your reaction or
reflection about it using a theory. Do it in a piece of pad paper.
[Link]
The nature loss and the pandemic where one of the
agenda/2020/06/business-for-
nature-protect-loss-recovery- problems that we are facing in this year 2020, it’s the risk of our
climate-environment-risk-
global society. That we should have an immediate action in this
collective-action-post-covid-
world/ prior loss that we are facing right now. Due to this our global
economic will decrease because of this problem. We people are the
“Nature is everyone’s business: a
call for collective action to one who is responsible in this area because if we disregard this it
reverse nature loss” will be a high risk globally. The government and other international
 Nature loss is one of the greatest organizations are making solutions about it and finding possible
systemic risks to the global economy and
the health of people and the planet. action in order not to worsen the risk of the nature loss. The need
 Business for Nature asks global
businesses to join a call for collective to create more resilient economies and societies was clear. Our
action and urge governments to establish
Nature is at a tipping point and we need to strengthen the
policies to reverse nature loss within this
decade. resilience of our systems – nature, people, climate, health, food,
 The coalition provides five policy
recommendations to drive post-COVID finance and economy. And protecting nature is one of the
economic recovery and protection of
nature.
immediate steps we can take to reduce the risk of future
pandemics and make strides toward economic recovery. The Global
2020 had been billed a “super year” for
nature. As we entered the Decade of risk society theory of Giddens also reflects to the news about the
Action to deliver the UN Sustainable
Development Goals, expectations were global impact of nature loss and pandemic that we people are the
high that we would see strides towards a
consensus that placed nature at the heart
one who is responsible of this activities because we are not taking
of the conversation around the climate care of our environment and people aren’t following the
emergency.
governments and organizations preventions. The effect of our
The COVID-19 pandemic has delayed
many key moments expected to drive this actions is the cause of our global risk in our society.
action, including finalizing the UN post-
2020 global biodiversity framework. Right
now, policymakers should be gathering at
the IUCN World Conservation Congress in
Marseille to discuss nature conservation
and sustainable development. Although
the virus prevented attendees from
meeting in person, the theme of the
Congress – "One Nature, One Future" –
resonates now more strongly than ever,
as policymakers consider the shape of the
post-COVID recovery.
 I. Identification: Give the idea being asked on the items below. Write your answer before
each item.

1. What is referred to as the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant
localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles
away and vice versa.
2. To Wallerstein, what economy succeeds in globalization?
3. What is referred to as the large amount of power given to an authority which in theory is
placed higher than the state?
4. To Castells, what constructs of a new symbolic environment, global in its reach, makes
“virtuality a reality”
5. What is referred to by McLuhan as an electronic nervous system that was rapidly
integrating the planet?

ANSWER
1. GLOBALIZATION
2. CAPITALIST WORLD ECONOMY
3. SUPRANATIONALISM
4. INTERNET
5. GLOBAL VILLAGE

II. True or false: Determine whether the following statements are true or false.

FALSE1. The periphery regions of capitalist world are those that possessed power in
economy and politics.
TRUE2. Globalization is applied to almost everything.
FALSE3. Based on the world system theory, poor countries are dependent on rich states.
TRUE4. The core societies dominate and exploit weak and poor periphery.
TRUE5. The transnational practices believed that globalization do not originate from the state
agencies.
FALSE6. The transnational capitalist class pursue their own interest in an expanding global
capitalist system.
FALSE7. The global capitalism has transformed from world economy to a global economy.
TRUE8. To Manuel Castells, the technological change is referred to globalization.
TRUE9. Globalization is also referred to by other people as colonization of society.
FALSE10. To Robinson, other countries did not modernize due to trade asymmetrical of
market.
FALSE11. To L. Sklair, globalization promotes social inequality.
TRUE12. McLuhan developed an idea of “the medium is the message.”
FALSE13. The “Core” is the least privilege in the globalization

UNIT 2 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Lesson 1:
Before we proceed with the topic, may I ask you to answer the following. Give at least 5
corporations you are familiar with and their line of business.

1. Google company - Google AdWords and Search Advertising, Google Ad Sense Network and
Google Fiber
2. Microsoft corporation- It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells computer
software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known
software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite,
and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.
3. Amazon -[Link] Inc. (AMZN), the world's largest online retailer, is growing rapidly in a
broad range of businesses under founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, including its core e-commerce
operations, cloud services, digital advertising, groceries, and prescription drugs.
4. Burger King - is an American multinational chain of hamburger fast food restaurant.
5. Apple, Inc. - Apple Inc. designs, manufactures and markets mobile communication and media
devices, personal computers and portable digital music players. The Company sells a range of
related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and
applications.

I. Let us try to apply what you learned:

1. Identify the different types of market integration present in your locality. Give 3 examples and
narrate why you think they belong to this type.
Example 1. Mimai’s Inland Resort merges with appliances center in order to expand their business.
This market integration called mixed conglomerates it is because the owner of the resort wants to
have a new business and also to have a market extensions to expand their business.
Example 2. Texas International Airlines acquired a controlling interest in Continental Airlines.
Those two Airline Companies merged together and grew into one of the countrys largest carriers.
This type of market Integration is a horizontal Market Integration it is because both the same
large companies eventually becoming one of the more successful airlines in the United States.
Example 3. Jollibee Foods Corporation (JFC) is the Philippines largest food service business and is
continuously expanding its presence in foreign countries. Jollibee Foods Corp. is merging its three
wholly-owned fast-food units ; Chowking food corp., Greenwich Pizza Corp. and Baker fresh Food
Philippines; in line with the efforts to enhance operational efficiency. This type of market
integration is a Vertical Market Integration where in the Jollibee Foods Corp. owned other fast
food corporation emerged in order to develop new products faster and services as well. It is also
cost-effective because it was from the Jollibee Corp. and the company that they emerged is also
owned by them.
2. Browse the internet on how International Financial Institutions helped our country Philippines
and give your opinion about it by writing a short reflection.

It is a great help of the International Financial Institutions to our country because it emphasizes
on job creation and inclusive growth, with infrastructural development as a key focus area.
Through that it would focuses on reducing impacts of climate change, increasing rural income,
promoting sustainable urbanization and helping address governance constraints. Both producers
and consumers gained, but welfare gains were inversely related to the size of the country and
positively to the level of openness to trade. We infer that welfare gains from international market
integration were equivalent to substantial shares of economic growth in the 'long 19th century.
The impact of international to our country helps us to overcome and lessen the financial crisis. It
could be a great contribution of investments of the (IFI) to the Philippines to maximise the
investments returns and social benefits. The International Financial Institutions helped us in
economic development and services to enhance people’s lives and provide income, jobs, and
goods but also to help those who experiencing poverty yet we are still the major barrowers of
money and have many debts to pay. The IFI provided technical assistance to both the
government, its agencies, and municipalities, and the private sector on a broad range of themes,
mostly on its priority sectors and recently, along its five products— access to finance, business
enabling environment, corporate advice, environmental and social sustainability, and
infrastructure. Its technical assistance encourages Public-Private Partnerships, especially in
infrastructure projects.
1. How does market integration affect the lives of an ordinary man?
Market Integration affects the lives of an ordinary man to its work. The increase of trade
liberalization lead to the expansion of a market and across the border are sharing technology and
investments thus, it would help ordinary people to be given a chance to work on its
establishments it will be also an opportunity more in financially to sustain their family needs in
terms of financial support. It would also affect the choices of people in goods and services
because international goods can cross the boarders due also to the expansion of technology
advancement it would be an easy access to export and import goods from one country to another.
Through a wide variety of choice of products it would help an ordinary man for his living it could
be also wider the perspective in choices of products and give an idea for what he would spend. It
would also help an ordinary man to gain also business through online selling and sell products
internationally and locally by emerging to other companies and gain income.

2. Philippines has been one of the major borrowers of money from IFI’s ever since. What do you
think is the impact of the IFI’s to the Philippines as a country?
 The impact of IFI’s to the Philippines as a country is they are major source when Philippines
are in terms of financial crisis. Though the debts of the country is becoming increasing through
the IFI’s, Philippines can escape to a great poverty And in order for the country to gain money is
to loan from a International bank in order to sustain the needs of a country. It will help also in
terms of funded specific projects in order to help reach their goals especially those were in poor
area. The IFI’s has a great contribution to the Philippines it helps our country grow to a larger
establishments and increase investments by borrowing a money to attain possible advancements
and can cross international borders. It also gives a financial assistance to a lot of people living in
the Philippines especially that we are facing th pandemic in the amidst COVID-19 and the new
normal. Through the support of IFI’s Filipinos especially vulnerable families particularly daily wage
earners can get up in this hardship in particular to the pandemic and struggles that we are facing
this present year.

I. Aside from the identified 10 leading global cities in the world, which of the following can be
considered as a global city? (note: the highlighted words indicates as my answer )
Philippines Germany Slovenia India Pakistan Nigeria Switzerland Brazil
Russia Myanmar Mexico Australia Japan Turkey Iran United Arab
Emirates France Tanzania Sudan South Korea Argentina Malaysia Afghanistan
Canada Netherlands Peru Angola

Let us assess your learning by answering the following questions

1. Do you consider living in a global city? if yes, which global city do you want to live in? Why do
you want to live in this city? If no, why do you not wish to live in a global city?
Yes, I consider living in a global city because it has a lot of opportunities in hospitality
industries. And i want to live in Japan they have the advance technologies and I’ve read
articles that they were has a good culture. There place were clan and free from pollution.
Also there crime rate is very low and I can walk around night feeling relive and safe.

UNIT 3 POLITICAL THOUGHT, GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND INTERSTATE SYSTEM

(LESSON 1)
I. Group yourself by fives, if not possible work independently. Kindly choose five states and
describe its history, economic system, military strengths, political structures and general
provisions of the government to the people. (This is worth 50 full points, 10 points for each
country and 2 points in each variable). You may limit your answers in five paragraphs for each
country. Submit your work, written in Word, Tahoma, 11 font, single space and 1” margin
everywhere on ________________________ to ramsaragrace@ [Link].

PHILIPPINES
 HISTORY
The Early Philippines
The Philippines is named after King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) and it was a Spanish colony for
over 300 years. Today the Philippines is an archipelago of 7,000 islands. However it is believed
that during the last ice age they were joined to mainland Asia by a land bridge, enabling human
beings to walk from there.
The first people in the Philippines were hunter-gatherers. However between 3,000 BC and 2,000
BC people learned to farm. They grew rice and domesticated animals. From the 10th AD century
Filipinos traded with China and by the 12th Century AD Arab merchants reached the Philippines
and they introduced Islam.
Then in 1521 Ferdinand Magellan sailed across the Pacific. He landed in the Philippines and
claimed them for Spain. Magellan baptized a chief called Humabon and hoped to make him a
puppet ruler on behalf of the Spanish crown. Magellan demanded that other chiefs submit to
Humabon but one chief named Lapu Lapu refused. Magellan led a force to crush him. However
the Spanish soldiers were scattered and Magellan was killed.
The Spaniards did not gain a foothold in the Philippines until 1565 when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
led an expedition, which built a fort in Cebu. Later, in 1571 the Spaniards landed in Luzon. Here
they built the city of Intramuros (later called Manila), which became the capital of the Philippines.
Spanish conquistadors marched inland and conquered Luzon. They created a feudal system.
Spaniards owned vast estates worked by Filipinos.
Along with conquistadors went friars who converted the Filipinos to Catholicism. The friars also
built schools and universities.
The Spanish colony in the Philippines brought prosperity - for the upper class anyway! Each year
the Chinese exported goods such as silk, porcelain and lacquer to the Philippines. From there they
were re-exported to Mexico.
The years passed uneventfully in the Philippines until in 1762 the British captured Manila. They
held it for two years but they handed it back in 1764 under the terms of the Treaty of Paris,
signed in 1763.
The Philippines in the 19th Century
In 1872 there was a rebellion in Cavite but it was quickly crushed. However nationalist feeling
continued to grow helped by a writer named Jose Rizal (1861-1896). He wrote two novels Noli Me
Tangere (Touch me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Filibusterer) which stoked the fires of
nationalism.
In 1892 Jose Rizal founded a movement called Liga Filipina, which called for reform rather than
revolution. As a result Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan on Mindanao.
Meanwhile Andres Bonifacio formed a more extreme organisation called the Katipunan. In August
1896 they began a revolution. Jose Rizal was accused of supporting the revolution, although he
did not and he was executed on 30 December 1896. Yet his execution merely inflamed Filipino
opinion and the revolution grew.
Then in 1898 came war between the USA and Spain. On 30 April 1898 the Americans defeated the
Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. Meanwhile Filipino revolutionaries had surrounded Manila. Their
leader, Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines independent on 12 June. However as part of the
peace treaty Spain ceded the Philippines to the USA. The Americans planned to take over.
War between American forces in Manila and the Filipinos began on 4 February 1899. The Filipino-
American War lasted until 1902 when Aguinaldo was captured.
The Philippines in the 20th Century
American rule in the Philippines was paternalistic. They called their policy 'Benevolent
Assimilation'. They wanted to 'Americanize' the Filipinos but they never quite succeeded. However
they did do some good. Many American teachers were sent to the Philippines in a ship called the
Thomas and they did increase literacy.
In 1935 the Philippines were made a commonwealth and were semi-independent. Manuel Quezon
became president. The USA promised that the Philippines would become completely independent
in 1945.
However in December 1941 Japan attacked the US fleet at Pearl Harbor. On 10 December 1941
Japanese troops invaded the Philippines. They captured Manila on 2 January 1941. By 6 May 1942
all of the Philippines were in Japanese hands.
However American troops returned to the Philippines in October 1944. They recaptured Manila in
February 1945.
The Philippines became independent on 4 July 1946. Manuel Roxas was the first president of the
newly independent nation.
Ferdinand Marcos (1917-1989) was elected president in 1965. He was re-elected in 1969.
However the Philippines was dogged by poverty and inequality. In the 1960s a land reform
program began. However many peasants were frustrated by its slow progress and a Communist
insurgency began in the countryside.
On 21 September 1972 Marcos declared martial law. He imposed a curfew, suspended Congress
and arrested opposition leaders.
The Marcos dictatorship was exceedingly corrupt and Marcos and his cronies enriched themselves.
Then, in 1980 opposition leader Benigno Aquino went into exile in the USA. When he returned on
21 August 1983 he was shot. Aquino became a martyr and Filipinos were enraged by his murder.
In February 1986 Marcos called an election. The opposition united behind Cory Aquino the widow
of Benigno. Marcos claimed victory (a clear case of electoral fraud). Cory Aquino also claimed
victory and ordinary people took to the streets to show their support for her. The followers of
Marcos deserted him and he bowed to the inevitable and went into exile.
Things did not go smoothly for Corazon Aquino. (She survived 7 coup attempts). Furthermore, the
American bases in the Philippines (Subic Bay Naval Base and Clark Air Base) were unpopular with
many Filipinos who felt they should go. In 1992 Mount Pinatubo erupted and covered Clark in
volcanic ash forcing the Americans to leave. They left Subic Bay in 1993.
In 1992 Fidel Ramos became president. He improved the infrastructure in the Philippines including
the electricity supply. Industry was privatized and the economy began to grow more rapidly.
However at the end of the 1990s the Philippine economy entered a crisis. Meanwhile, in 1998
Joseph Estrada, known as Erap became president. Estrada was accused of corruption and he was
impeached in November 2000. Estrada was not convicted. Nevertheless, people demonstrated
against him and the military withdrew its support. Estrada was forced to leave office and Vice-
president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo replaced him. She was re-elected in 2004.

 ECONOMIC SYSTEM
 The Philippines has a mixed economic system which includes a variety of private freedom,
combined with centralized economic planning and government regulation. Philippines is a
member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN).
 MILITARY STRENGHT
Philippines Military Strength (2020) For 2020, Philippines is ranked 48 of 138 out of the
countries considered for the annual GFP review. It holds a PwrIndx* rating of 0.7852
(0.0000 considered 'perfect').

 POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT TO

THE PEOPLE
The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally
divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The government seeks to act
in the best interests of its citizens through this system of check and balance.

One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the principle of separation of powers
wherein legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the Executive, and settlement of legal
controversies to the Judiciary.
The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments, and has
the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress (the Senate and House of
Representatives) and several agencies that provide support services to Congress.
The Senate is composed of 24 Senators who are elected at large by the qualified voters of the
Philippines.
The House of Representatives is composed of about 250 members elected from legislative
districts in the provinces, cities, and municipalities, and representatives elected through a party-
list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.
The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per cent of the total number of
representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the
ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be
filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous
cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except
the religious sector. The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President
who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the
country’s bureaucracy.
The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice President,
the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, boards, commissions, and
committees.
The President leads the country. He or she is the head of state, leader of the national
government, and Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines. The President serves
a six-year term and cannot be re-elected.
The Vice President supports the President. If the President is unable to serve, the Vice President
becomes President. He or she also serves a six-year term.
Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They include the Vice President and the
heads of executive departments. Cabinet members are nominated by the President and must be
confirmed by the Commission of Appointments.

The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that are legally
demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of
the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.
 The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases, and decides if
laws violate the Constitution. The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such
lower courts as may be established by law.
Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches as follows:
 The President can veto laws passed by Congress.
 Congress confirms or rejects the President's appointments and can remove the President from
office in exceptional circumstances.
 The Justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional laws, are appointed by the
President. 
The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review as the power to
declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation,
order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.

JAPAN
 History
Japan's story began with migrations of nomadic people from the Asian mainland across now-
submerged land bridges. Gradually a society evolved into a feudal system of warlords and an
aesthetic of profound elegance.

The Early Jomon period marks the beginning of Japanese civilisation, with pottery dating back to
around 8000 BC – some of the world's oldest. In a brief 600 years between 300 BC and AD 300,
Japan was transformed from a land of nomadic hunting-and-gathering communities into one of
stationary farming villages, and by the 8th century AD, powerful clans had emerged.

The rise of the great shogunates and their samurai warlords instilled in the Japanese culture ways
of thinking and behaviour that persist even today. By the time of the Edo Period (1600–1868)
Japan was a powerful military state, yet isolated from the rest of the wolrd. Edo (now Tokyo)
became one of the world’s great cities and is thought to have had a population in excess of 1
million at the beginning of the 18th century – greater than London or Paris at the time.

With the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan embraced Western ideas and technology. The
country modernised rapidly and by the early 20th century was becoming increasingly militaristic
and expansionist, traits that would lead towards the devastation of World War II.

Japan since World War II

Post-war Japan is a story of remarkable recovery, the country rehabilitated internationally with the
1964 Tokyo Olympics, after which the economy continued to go from strength to strength. The
last two decades have seen economic stagnation, although as the world's third-largest economic
power (having lost second place to China in 2010) it remains a wealthy country. It is also a
 country at the mercy of the elements. The earthquake and accompanying tsunami of 2011 killed
over 20,000 and cost Japan billions of dollars.

 Economic System
The economy of Japan is a highly developed free-market economy. It is the third-largest
in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). and is
the world's second largest developed economy. Japan is a member of the G7 and G20.

 Military Strength
The country continues to look to the future and viable solutions to growing regional problems -
namely the threat from North Korea. For 2020, Japan is ranked 5 of 138 out of the countries
considered for the annual GFP review. It holds a PwrIndx* rating of 0.1501 (0.0000 considered
'perfect').

 Political Structures and General Provisions of the government to the people.

The 1947 constitution establishes the principle of autonomy for local public entities. Significant
powers are allotted to local assemblies, which are elected by direct public vote, as are their chief
executive officers. Many matters related to labour, education, social welfare, and health—as well
as land preservation and development, disaster prevention, and pollution control—are dealt with
by local governing bodies. Japan is divided into 47 prefectures, 43 of which are ken (prefectures
proper); of the remainder, Tokyo is a to (metropolitan prefecture), Hokkaido is a dō (district),
and Ōsaka and Kyōto are fu (urban prefectures). Prefectures, which are administered by
governors and assemblies, vary considerably both in area and in population. The largest
prefecture is Hokkaido, with an area of 32,221 square miles (83,453 square km), while the
smallest is Kagawa, with 724 square miles (1,876 square km). The population of Tokyo, the most
populous prefecture, is some 20 times greater than that of Tottori, the least populous. An
intermediate level of governmental services is formed between the central and prefecture levels.
The branch offices of several central ministries are located in certain cities, which—as regional
centres—generally administer several prefectures together.

MALAYSIA
 History
The first people to live in Malaya were Stone Age hunter-gatherers. They arrived as early as 8,000
BCE. Later Stone Age farmers came to Malaya and displaced them. (The hunter-gatherers
continued to exist but they retreated into remote areas). The farmers practiced slash and burn
 agriculture. They cleared an area of the rain forest by burning it then grew crops. After a few
years, the land would be exhausted and the farmers would clear a new area. However, within a
few years, the old area would become covered in vegetation and would become fertile again.
After 1,000 BCE metal-using farmers came to Malaya. They made tools from bronze and iron and
they settled along the coast and along rivers. They lived partly by fishing, partly by growing crops.
In the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE, centralized states arose in Malaya. The greatest was Kedah in
the North. The Malayans became highly civilized. Malayan civilization was heavily influenced by
India. (Malays traded with India from the 3rd century CE. After that contact with India was
common). Malayan laws and writing show Indian influence. The religions of Buddhism and
Hinduism were also introduced into Malaya at that time.

 Economic system
Malaysia has a mixed economic system which includes a variety of private freedom, combined
with centralized economic planning and government regulation. Malaysia is a member of the Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and
the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).

 Military Strengths
Malaysia Military Strength (2020) for 2020, Malaysia is ranked 44 of 138 out of the countries
considered for the annual GFP review. It holds a PwrIndx* rating of 0.6546 (0.0000 considered
'perfect').

 Political structures and general provisions of the government to the people

Politics of Malaysia takes place in the framework of a federal representative

democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and
the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the
federal government and the 13 state governments. Federal legislative power is vested in the
federal parliament and the 13 state assemblies. The judiciary is independent of the executive and
the legislature, though the executive maintains a certain level of influence in the appointment of
judges to the courts.

The Constitution of Malaysia is codified and the system of government is based on

the Westminster system. The hierarchy of authority in Malaysia, in accordance to the Federal
Constitution, stipulates the three branches (administrative components) of the Malaysian
government as consisting of the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branch. Whereas, the
 Parliament consists of the Dewan Negara (Upper House/Senate) and Dewan Rakyat (Lower
House/House of Representatives).

Malaysia has had a multi-party system since the first direct election of the Federal Legislative
Council of Malaya in 1955 on a first-past-the-post basis. The ruling party was the Alliance
Party (Malay: Parti Perikatan) coalition and from 1973 onwards, its successor, the Barisan
Nasional (National Front) coalition. Together with its predecessor, the Barisan Nasional (BN)
government served for 61 years and was one of the world's longest serving governments until it
lost power to the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition in the 14th general election that was held on 9
May 2018.

The Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition currently consists of Democratic Action Party (DAP), People's

Justice Party (PKR) and National Trust Party (Amanah) with Sabah Heritage Party (Warisan)
and United Progressive Kinabalu Organization (UPKO) as confidence-and-supply partner. The
coalition governed the country from 10 May 2018 until 24 February 2020, when Tun Dr. Mahathir
Mohamad resigned as Prime Minister of Malaysia.[2] While the opposition is predominantly made
up of National Front (BN), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Sarawak Parties
Alliance (GPS), Sabah United Alliance (GBS), Sarawak United Party (PSB), and other smaller
parties.

Although Malaysian politics has been relatively stable, critics allege that "the government, ruling
party, and administration are intertwined with few countervailing forces." [3] However, since the 8
March 2008 General Election, the media's coverage on the country's politics has noticeably
increased. After the 14th general elections, media freedom was promised by the new government
of Malaysia.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Malaysia a "flawed democracy" in 2016.[4] However,

Malaysia was a runner up to the Economist 2018 "Country of the Year" in 2018 due to
the peaceful transfer of power following the 14th general elections, losing out at least partly due
to Mahathir Mohamad's seeming reluctance to relax the country's divisive racial politics or to hand
over power, as agreed, to Anwar Ibrahim.

SWITZERLAND

 HISTORY

Since 1848 the Swiss Confederation has been a federal republic of relatively autonomous cantons,

some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, putting them
among the world's oldest surviving republics.

The early history of the region is tied to that of Alpine culture. Switzerland was inhabited by the
Helvetii, and it came under Roman rule in the 1st century BC. Gallo-Roman culture was
 amalgamated with Germanic influence during Late Antiquity, with the eastern part of Switzerland
becoming Alemannic territory. The area of Switzerland was incorporated in the Frankish Empire in
the 6th century. In the high medieval period, the eastern part became part of the Duchy of
Swabia within the Holy Roman Empire while the western part was part of Burgundy.

The Old Swiss Confederacy in the late medieval period (the Eight Cantons) established its
independence from the House of Habsburg and the Duchy of Burgundy, and in the Italian
Wars gained territory south of the Alps from the Duchy of Milan. The Swiss Reformation divided
the Confederacy and resulted in a drawn-out history of internal strife between the Thirteen
Cantons in the Early Modern period. In the wake of the French Revolution, Switzerland fell to
a French invasion in 1798 and was reformed into the Helvetic Republic, a French client state.
Napoleon's Act of Mediation in 1803 restored the status of Switzerland as a Confederation, and
after the end of the Napoleonic period, the Swiss Confederation underwent a period
of turmoil culminating in a brief civil war in 1847 and the creation of a federal constitution in
1848.

The history of Switzerland since 1848 has been largely one of success and

prosperity. Industrialisation transformed the traditionally agricultural economy, and Swiss
neutrality during the World Wars and the success of the banking industry furthered the ascent of
Switzerland to its status as one of the world's most stable economies.

Switzerland signed a free-trade agreement with the European Economic Community in 1972, and
has participated in the process of European integration by way of bilateral treaties, but it has
notably resisted full accession to the European Union (EU) even though its territory has been
surrounded by EU member states since 1995.

 Economic system
Switzerland, a country that espouses neutrality, is a prosperous and modern market economy with
low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world.
Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and
a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its
economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital
markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive
economies. The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to
gain access to the Union’s Single Market and enhance the country’s international competitiveness.
Some trade protectionism remains, however, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of
the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of
Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled
demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. During this period, the Swiss National
Bank (SNB) implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy, as well as to prevent
appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy began to recover in [Link] sovereign debt
crises unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries, however, coupled with economic instability in
Russia and other Eastern European economies drove up demand for the Swiss franc by investors
seeking a safe haven currency. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss franc’s peg to the
euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of
present-day Swiss monetary policy. The independent SNB has upheld its zero interest rate policy and
conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but
parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made
Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell below
2% per year from 2011 through [Link] recent years, Switzerland has responded to increasing
pressure from neighboring countries and trading partners to reform its banking secrecy laws, by
agreeing to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax
evasion. The Swiss Government has also renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous
countries, including the US, to incorporate OECD standards.

 Military Strengths
Switzerland Military Strength (2020) For 2020, Switzerland is ranked 30 of 138 out of the countries
considered for the annual GFP review. It holds a PwrIndx* rating of 0.5259 (0.0000 considered
'perfect').

 Political structures and general provisions of the government to the people

The Swiss political system is characterized by its non-parliamentary, federal aspect and by its direct
democracy (sees Gruner, E. 1978, 339-359). First of all, we will consider the separation of powers.
After this we will shortly describe the Swiss system of federalism, which is highly federalised and of
democratic nature. Furthermore we will introduce issues of the Swiss direct democracy and the Swiss
Electoral system.

BRUNEI

 HISTORY

Brunei was known to be trading with and paying tribute to China in the 6th century CE. It then came
under Hindu influence for a time through allegiance to the Majapahit empire, based in Java. When
the ships of the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan anchored off Brunei in 1521, the fifth sultan, the
great Bolkiah, controlled practically the whole of Borneo, the Sulu Archipelago, and neighbouring
islands. Toward the end of the 16th century, however, the territory was torn by internal strife.
Brunei’s power subsequently declined through the 19th century, notably with the cession
of Sarawak in north-western Borneo to the English adventurer James (later Sir James) Brooke in
1841, the expansion of Sarawak by additional grants to Brooke, the cession to Great Britain of the
island of Labuan in Brunei Bay, and the final loss of what is now Sabah, East Malaysia, in
northeastern Borneo.

 Economic system

Brunei has a mixed economic system which includes a variety of private freedom, combined with
centralized economic planning and government regulation. Brunei is a member of the Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).

 Military Strengths

Brunei has stated its intent to acquire new defence equipment, including surface/maritime
surveillance radar, airspace surveillance platforms, maritime patrol aircraft, fixed-wing transport
aircraft, medium-range air defence systems, and related assets. Military services may also be
interested in non-lethal equipment which may be procured through vendors registered with the
Ministry of Defence.

 Political structures and general provisions of the government to the people

The politics of Brunei take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where by the Sultan of

Brunei is both head of state and head of government (Prime Minister of Brunei). Executive power is
exercised by the government. Brunei has a legislative council with 36 appointed members, that only
has consultative tasks. Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji
Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, is the head of state with full executive authority, including
emergency powers since 1962. The Sultan's role is enshrined in the national philosophy known as
"Melayu Islam Beraja" (MIB), or Malay Islamic Monarchy. The country has been under
hypothetical martial law since a rebellion occurred in the early 1960s and was put down
by British troops from Singapore.

II. Answer
1. D 6. D
2. C 7. D
 3. E 8. B
4. B 9. B
5. C 10. E

(LESSON 2)
I. Group yourself by fives, if not possible work independently. Conceptualize your perfect village,
or your perfect town, or your perfect city or your ideal country. Identify the variables you wish to
be in place in your village, say day care center, police station, grades school and advanced
schools, etc. You may present your ideas in a drawing or pictures. This is worth 10 points.
KRISHA’S TOWN

TOWN CHURCH
HEALTH CLINIC MY HOUSE

MUNICIPAL HALL ELEMENTARY-SECONDARY SCHOOL

PUBLIC MARKET

POLICE STATION OTHER HOUSES

 PARK/PLAZA

II. Answer
1. E 6. E
2. D 7. C
3. A 8. C
4. C 9. D
5. A 10. B

(LESSON 3)
I. Work by threes, if not possible work independently. (10 points) Try to depict the kinds of
societies presented in the various political theories in a drawing. You may put a few paragraphs
for explanation of the work you do.
1. Why do you think money separates us when it bonds us?
Money become the needs of the people without it you couldn’t buy your certain needs it is also
our source of living that is why we work hard to sustain our family needs and pay bills. That is the
reason why people become greedy or commit into crimes because the need of the money. It
separates the bonds between what we really want and just for material things we tend to forget
that the real happiness isn’t just on how much money we he have but it is from being contented
on what we have. The issuance of money as interest bearing credit means there is literally never
enough money in circulation (enough to pay off the interest). This money was designed to fuel
industrial revolution; its scarcity meant that producers had to compete with each other to become
more efficient. I believe this feature of money worms its way deep into the human psyche.

2. What is the problem of capitalism presented by Marx?

The problem of capitalism shall naturally vanish because of the chaotic nature of free market and
surplus of labour. Capitalism can cause inequality, market failure, damage to the environment,
short-termism, excess materialism and boom and bust economic cycles. Marx portrayed capitalist
society as composing of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, i.e. the ones controlling the means of
production and the workers that transform raw commodities to valuable economic goods. The
bourgeoisie‘s power to control capital allows them to limit workers‘ability to produce and obtain
what they need to survive. One very influential concept introduced in Marxist political and
economic thought is the labour surplus theory. This measures the difference between wages paid
to the workers and the price of goods sold, which the workers previously manufactured due to
that the amount of wages of the workers doesn’t enjoyed because of the surplus value.
3. If actions are within our control, why is happiness not derived from actions?
Happiness doesn’t derived from our actions because it is through our feelings, it doesn’t matter
on what actions we show but if it doesn’t make us feel happy you couldn’t force what you feel
because you are just deceiving yourself.
4. What will happen if the parties having the social contract betray one another? How would
social contract work?
If both parties betrayed one another in a social contract it would lead to violence and equality.
Both parties are obliged to be responsible for their own actions and thus the social contract that
they been agreed would charge to each of them because they didn’t obey it. And social contract
wouldn’t work if one another would just deceiving each other the society wouldn’t ensure a
dynamic relationship of citizens in a country or a city.
5. What is the problem in the age of enlightenment that pushes the emergence of romanticism
thought?
Romanticism and Idealism theory is a philosophical movement during the Age of Enlightenment
that emphasizes emotional self-awareness as a necessary precondition to improving society and
bettering the human condition. The essential political thinking of the period is liberty, equality and
brotherhood as a reaction against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of
Enlightenment and of the scientific rationalization of nature. While age of enlightenment or the
age of reason dominates intellectual discourse in Europe during 17th and 18th centuries, an
emerging thought had convinced many that the truest basis for political power was the consent of
the governed.
I. Individual work for 10 full points. In a three page paper, describe in what way big companies
and international organizations have helped the Philippine economy.
With the rising cases of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Philippines, various
companies in different sectors provided donations to aid frontliners, their employees, and all the
families affected by the [Link] the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic disease, big
companies have donated protective equipment and medical supplies to hospitals. Other
companies vowed financial assistance.
More and more companies have stepped up to help the government combat COVID-19. Donations
and fundraising initiatives have a great impact in fighting the pandemic disease. Let us not also
forget to always pray as we fight [Link] are many government and non-government
organizations that promote foreign investment and exporting. These organizations do everything
from developing programs to making lists of registered exporters. This helps foreign businesses
navigate the Philippine market. The Philippine Exporters Confederation, the Bureau of Export
Trade Promotion, and the Philippine International Trading Corporation are the most popular of
these groups. The Philippine government is ramping up these organizations. By doing so, they
hope to to sell their country as a destination for foreign investment and [Link] Philippines
also works with US-based organizations to ease the international trade process. Some examples
include the Millennium Challenge Corporation. The MCC works with many partner countries,
including the Philippines, to identify key risk and constraints to investment by analyzing the
nation’s private and public sectors. Businesses in both countries have everything to gain as both
nations invest in their trade relationships. These groups also help to negotiate trade agreements
which would open the floodgates for exports and imports.

Trade Agreements
The Philippines has a history of establishing fruitful trade agreements. They were one of the
founding nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, and have reaped the benefits of
the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1967. This trade agreement makes its
member nations attractive to Philippine exporters. It’s no wonder why Japan is the nation’s largest
trading partner.
Though healthy, the US and the Philippines have yet to establish a trade agreement that
outshines these.
TIFA, the Trade and Investment Framework Agreement between the two nations works to create
fair and balanced trade between international suppliers and US businesses.
But, so far, nothing has been established in the way of free trade. However, things may be
changing.
The US and the Philippines are reportedly working towards an FTA. Such a deal would skyrocket
the already healthy trade relationship between the two countries. The US hopes to outdo the
benefits of ASEAN with this proposed agreement. Though it’s still in its early stages, a future
agreement between the Philippines and the US would create opportunities for businesses and
investors.

Relaxing Foreign Ownership Limitations

We mentioned the Philippines’ well-known foreign ownership limitations as a major issue. These
limitations look to bolster domestic innovation. However, they forbid international businesses from
conducting operations from a remote location. For example, a US-based business in the
Philippines cannot be managed from the US in some sectors.
The upside is that newly elected President Rodrigo Duterte is relaxing these limitations. The
Philippine Constitution currently caps foreign investment in key sectors at 40%. Though foreign
leaders have urged the nation to ease these limits, the government has only recently moved on
this issue. The effort would increase the nation’s competitiveness in the global market.
Relieving these barriers may even be the first steps in establishing a new agreement with the US.
The opening of the Philippine economy reveals previously unreachable markets. Whether you’re
looking to set up a business there, or simply find a supplier, the future is bright.
Monetary and Tax Incentives
Though this entire list falls under the umbrella of “incentives,” we haven’t talked about the direct
benefits.
The Asia Development Bank (ABD) offers financing to businesses looking to invest in the
Philippines. Depending on the sector, US companies can apply to the bank to help fund specific
projects.
The Philippines also boasts 326 “ecozones,” which are composed of export processing zones, free
trade zones, and certain industrial estates. Doing business with companies in these zones gives
you preferential tax treatment. “Ecozones” are outside customs territory and can import goods
free of customs duties. Some taxes and other import restrictions are also exempt.
Businesses can also avoid local taxes, duties on event materials, and travel fees. This all depends
on the circumstances, though.
The Philippines uses these incentives to attract investment from foreign nations.

Privatization
Maybe the biggest development for international businesses is Philippine privatization. President
Duterte plans to move many publicly-funded companies into the private sector. This would allow
domestic businesses and investors to contribute to previously unavailable industries.

The process started with the country’s water and energy industries and has recently expanded to
airports. The plan is that shifting from an insular to an international economy will create
investment opportunities.
There are domestic concerns, however. Philippine people fear that privatizing these industries
allows companies to exercise unchecked power. But, a hike in pricing may increase innovation.
Along with attracting foreign investment, this seems to be the goal of this process.
However, the privatization of the Philippines will still benefit international businesses. Though
these issues are concerning, it shouldn’t stop international businesses from taking advantage.
In order to invest in the Philippines, or any international region, businesses need a reliable, global
payments service. With Veem, you can send payments and transfer funds to the Philippines as
easily as you send an email. Our secure and fast payments method is free of hidden banking fees,
and offers a favorable rate of exchange. Track your payments with our dashboard, and let us do
the rest. Start the process today, and let Veem take the stress out of your international finances.

Government of the Philippines and the United States Government agreed to a new Partnership for
Growth (PFG) to address the binding constraints to economic growth and development in the
Philippines. Established by President Obama, the PFG is a “whole-of-government” effort to unlock
the growth potential of partner countries to become the next generation of emerging markets.
The Philippines is one of just four countries selected to join the PFG. The U.S. Government’s
partnership with the Philippines supports the priorities of the Philippine Development Plan to
achieve inclusive and resilient economic growth. It supports institutional reform at the national
and local levels to mobilize domestic and foreign investment.
In support of the PFG, USAID economic growth assistance:
Focuses on promoting investment, trade, and private sector growth and on improving fiscal
performance.
 Supports enhancement of the trade and investment environment, greater competition,
expansion of priority sectors such as tourism, manufacturing, and agribusiness, infrastructure
development, small and medium enterprise finance, accelerating the shift to electronic
payments, and improved fiscal policy and management.
 Provides technical assistance that focuses on areas such as reforming policies, regulations and
administrative practices affecting international trade and investment; reducing the cost of
doing business; lowering barriers to entry and improving overall competitiveness.
 Assists the Philippines in meeting its international commitments to promote trade policy
reform. It is supporting customs modernization and full implementation of the National Single
Window.
 Works with the Philippine public and private sectors to improve the country’s infrastructure in
an effort to lower logistics costs that inhibit trade and commerce and helps promote private
sector investment in key national infrastructure projects.
Argue how the ASEAN region contributed to the growth of Philippine society. Limit your answers in
three paragraphs, with seven lines in each paragraph. Use actual data to support your arguments.
10 points

ASEAN is one of the cornerstones of the Philippines’ foreign and trade policies.  This is manifested
in the Philippines policy to promote a more peaceful, stable, and free South East Asia, through the
pursuit of different initiatives, in the policy making, economic, trading and functional cooperation
activities.  The Filipinos would have more access to better jobs if they are better equipped for
these emerging roles. Thankfully, even the country’s education would be enhanced because of
ASEAN integration. For instance, last August 2017, Canada’s Minister of Foreign Affairs announced
in the ASEAN regional forum in Manila that they would be offering a $10 Million Scholarship
Program to support post-secondary students and mid-career professionals from Southeast Asia.
The National University in Singapore offers scholarships for ASEAN countries for graduate
coursework. These are only a few of the examples of quality international support for Filipino
students. Opportunities abound for investors targeting the sectors of business process
outsourcing, electronics, agriculture, renewable energy, infrastructure, and shipbuilding.

SEAN contributes to the advancement of the Philippines as a whole. Because of the incredible
support from other Southeast Asian nations, the country is better prepared for globalisation. With
the Filipinos’ way of life eventually improved, it will be no surprise if the economy contains to
perform well in the next few years. ASEAN is one of the many reasons why the Philippines is in a
good and stable pace and potential investors, businessmen, and its citizens need not worry about
the country’s stability. From the success of last November’s 31st ASEAN Summit and Related
Meetings, Filipinos should feel proud and grateful that it is building strong ties with other ASEAN
members. Each step taken with ASEAN is another step taken closer to a better and stable
economy. Be it travel, goods and services, education and work opportunities — the Philippines are
getting closer to tapping into its great potential.

With the full integration of the ASEAN countries, investments, services, job skills and a free
market would enable the Philippines to have economic prosperity and the benefits will eventually
trickle down to the citizens’ benefit. To achieve all the goals of the ASEAN, every national must
work towards a common good and not just its own country’s well-being. Cooperation is the key
ingredient to make ASEAN a success. It is not about signing treaties or agreements but it is the
people to fulfill the dreams of the ASEAN founders. Once achieved, it will extend beyond borders
and will boost national security, international trade, reducing poverty and economic
competitiveness.