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Functions
Functions:
A group of statements into a single logical unit is called as function.
Functions are used to perform the task.
Function is not called automatically.
Function body is executed whenever we call the function.
Function can be called any number of times.
Advantages of Functions:
1) Modularity
2) Reusability
Functions are divided into 4 categories:
1) Functions with arguments and with return value.
2) Functions with arguments and without return value.
3) Functions without arguments and with return value.
4) Functions without arguments and without return value.
1) Functions with arguments and with return value:
Syntax:
def function_name(arg1, arg2, …):
Statement1
Statement2
=========
return Statement
Example:
def max(a, b):
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if a>b:
return a
else:
return b
x=max(10, 20)
print(x)
2) Functions with arguments and without return value:
Syntax:
def function_name(arg1, arg2, …):
Statement1
Statement2
=========
Example:
def max(a, b):
if a>b:
print(a)
else:
print(b)
max(10, 20)
3) Functions without arguments and with return value:
Syntax:
def function_name():
Statement1
Statement2
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=========
return Statement
Example:
def max():
a, b = 10, 20
if a>b:
return a
else:
return b
x=max()
print(x)
4) Functions without arguments and without return value:
Syntax:
def function_name():
Statement1
Statement2
Example:
def max():
a, b = 10, 20
if a>b:
print(a)
else:
print(b)
max()
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Function Components:
def add(a, b):
c=a+b
return c
x=add(10, 20)
print(x)
In the above example
def add(a, b): => Function Header
def is a keyword and it is used to define a function, a & b are called formal
arguments or formal parameters.
return c => Return Statement
return is a keyword and it is used to return a value.
x=add(10, 20) => Function Call Statement
10 & 20 are called actual arguments or actual parameters.
Types of arguments:
1) Non Default Arguments
2) Default Arguments
3) Arbitrary Arguments
4) Keyword Arguments
5) Non Keyword Arguments
1) Non Default Arguments
The arguments that are declared without assigning values are called default
arguments.
At the time of calling a function we must pass values to non default arguments.
Example:
def add(a, b):
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c=a+b
print(c)
add(10, 20) => Valid
add() => Error
2) Default Arguments
The arguments that are declared by assigning values in a function header are
called default arguments.
At the time of calling function passing values are optional to default arguments.
Example:
def add(a=10, b=20):
c=a+b
print(c)
add() => Valid
add(30, 40) => Valid
3) Arbitrary Arguments
The arguments that are prefixed with * & ** are called arbitrary arguments.
If the argument prefixed with * is tuple type.
If the argument prefixed with ** is dict type.
It allows to pass 0 to any number of arguments to a function.
Example1:
def add(*a):
print(type(a))
for i in a:
print(i)
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add() => Valid
add(10) => Valid
add(33, 45) => Valid
add(31, 13, 54) => Valid
Example2:
def display(**a):
print(type(a))
for i in a:
print(i, "=>", a[i])
display(x=10, y=20, z=30)
4) Keyword Arguments
The arguments that are passed with assigning to variables are called keyword
arguments.
Example:
def add(a, b):
print(a+b)
add(a=10, b=2) => Valid
add(b=2, a=10) => Valid
5) Non Keyword Arguments
The arguments that are passed without assigning to variables are called non
keyword arguments.
Example:
def add(a, b):
print(a+b)
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add(10, 20)
Recursive Function:
A function that calls itself again and again is called as recursive function.
Example:
def fact(n):
if n==1:
return 1
else:
return n*fact(n-1)
x=fact(5)
print(x)
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Mr. Venatesh Mansani
Naresh i Technologies
Python By Venkatesh Mansani Naresh i Technologies
