Bigay, May B. BSA 1-1 Module 2_Exercise No.

Exercise # 2. Using the sample item No. 1 – autobiographical definition, please fill in the
necessary discussion on the other definitions in the given columns.

Type of Naturalism (Definition) Explanation/ Norm of Moral Current and Objections/Criticisms/

Discussion Morality Judgment Relevant Counter Arguments
Ethical issue
1. Autobiographical according to Personal Self-approval/ Issue on [Link] it is true, then no acts
Definition this theory, Beliefs/ Self-disapproval “tokhang” or are right or wrong in
when I say attitude war on drugs themselves; there are only
favourable or unfavourable
that a certain
attitudes relative to the
act is right, I person‟s state of
am only approval/disapproval
saying that I toward it. A person may
approve it; say “I approve this because
saying that it it is right,” but he will not
is right and say “it is right because I
saying that I approve it.” Indeed, might
not one‟s approval be
approve of it
misplaced, unenlightened,
are the same or mistaken? Can I not
thing know whether I approve
something without
knowing that it is right?
And if I am in doubt
whether to approve it, is
this not because I am in
doubt whether it is right? If
I could convince myself
that X is right, then I would
approve it, but belief that
it is right is not the same
thing as the belief that I
approve it. The attitude of
approval is consequential
upon the belief, and not
vice versa. What I want to
know is not whether I
approve something but
whether my approval is
justified. [Link] the view
under consideration is
true, there is never any
disagreement about
matters of ethics – and this
is quite a conclusion to
swallow, for nothing seems
more patently true than
that people do constantly
disagree about these
matters.
2. Sociological according to psychological Society, In Here in the Before I used to think
Definition this attitudes, which people Philippines, we that it is just right not to
definition, “X expectations, agree or do not allow have divorce because
is right” and beliefs diasagree Divorce as of coming from a Christian
means the about how the moment. country, and Christian
same as “The members of family, we tend to value
majority of society ought marriage especially
people to behave when it is done in front
approve X.” of our Lord. Time
passes, more
knowledge have been
imparted to my brain as
cases of domestic
Bigay, May B. BSA 1-1 Module 2_Exercise No.2

Exercise # 2. Using the sample item No. 1 – autobiographical definition, please fill in the
necessary discussion on the other definitions in the given columns.
violence arises and
knowing that the
Vatican and Philippines
are the only country
that does not allow
divorce. Now, I oppose
to the subject of not
allowing divorce
because if it is
reasonable to part ways
with your partner
especially when it is
because of violence and
such, I think we could
allow them for us not to
be locked up in a
situation where we try
to endure all of those
pain and problems and
will cause much even
bigger problem. I think
divorce must be
approved because of
these controversial
issues related to family
and children.
3. Theological Definition according to beliefs, norms, God/Ten Issue on EJK- As a Christian and a
this and values, Commandments violation of 6th student who studied for
definition, to including *for roman commandment almost 12 years in
say that X is under its catholic Catholic school, I really
right is to say scrutiny value our religion, Our
that God convictions, God, His
approves it attitudes, Commandments, the
(or decisions, bible, and His teachings.
commands actions, It was taught to us that
it): “X is right” habits, we should obey our God
is not an individual and and as much as possible
empirical group choices, not to commit mistakes
statement, as social or what we called “sin”
in patterns, and for us to be in heaven in
the two structures. our lives after death. I
definitions Merely based do value those
above, but a on the teachings that is why I
theological scriptures and oppose to the killings
statement. writings, bible, here in the Philippines
quran, and the or what we called, “War
like. on drugs”. Maybe some
people will agree on it
but I will never agree to
those measures. Yes,
the goal is there, to
lessen those people
who use illegal drugs. It
is also a threat because
they know that if they
are related to some sort
Bigay, May B. BSA 1-1 Module 2_Exercise No.2

Exercise # 2. Using the sample item No. 1 – autobiographical definition, please fill in the
necessary discussion on the other definitions in the given columns.
of illegality here, there
are only two options for
them, to be imprisoned
or to be killed. I
disagree to EJK because
I value the life that God
has given us. It is not
reasonable to take lives
of a person for being a
user, pusher, or dealer.
Yes, it does lessen the
number, but it is really
unfair. One thing can
happen is when an
innocent person is killed
due to false
accusations. It is an
injustice.
4. Ideal Observer According to The ideal Ideal-Observer’s Counseling As an advisor or
Definition this observer’s thinking counselor, when
definition, perspective, someone asks you for
to say that X perception, advice of course, you
is right is to advice, and try not to be biased
say that not words. because you do not
you, or I or know the other side of
the the story. When you tell
majority but them a certain advice,
an ideal they will immediately
observer think that it is right. But
would for me, not all
approve X. counsellors made right
advice to a certain
problem. Sometimes it
is generally right but not
the one that is much
needed to do. Some
may not follow the
advice because they
think it isn’t right but
technically it is right. It’s
not just the right thing
to do in a certain time
or situation.
5. Utilitarian Definition According to Consequences, Perception, Avoiding issues Families like these
this Emotions, actions, Especially thinks only about their
definition, feelings, process, when you are image other than what
“X is right” outcome outcome in a popular their family members
means the and honorable may feel when doing a
same as “X family. certain act. As they try
will promote to become the standard
the of each family, they
maximum prohibit their family
happiness to members to do an act
all which will make them
concerned.” ruin their family’s
image. They try to be
Bigay, May B. BSA 1-1 Module 2_Exercise No.2

Exercise # 2. Using the sample item No. 1 – autobiographical definition, please fill in the
necessary discussion on the other definitions in the given columns.
always perfect and at all
costs because all the
eyes of people are
watching them. This
mentality is unfair
because they are
somehow controlling
their family members to
do something which
they don’t like. It is like
showing-off for the sake
of the happiness of
others and not the
immediate family itself.
To lessen the hate, they
try not to do things that
many people hate.
6. Selfishness-mentality This theory Self- Selfishness/ In school, This mentality is
theory talks about perception, thinking about when you somehow beneficial
yourself impression, oneself know because you prioritize
alone. It talks thoughts, something that yourself more than
about emotions, your anything. But this
yourself behavior classmates theory is case-to-case
being the don’t know, basis. It is not for every
priority in all and you try not situation especially
the actions to share it to when someone needs
that you them because help, of course you
made without you think it is should help them in a
thinking your good way.
about the advantage.
consequences
and effect to
other people.