International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)

National Conference on Recent Trends in Science, Technology & Management (NCRTSTM-2018)

INCREASE IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF

CONCRETE BY ADDITION OF SUPER PLASTICIZER
Biswa Mohan Patanaik M Tech Scholar CUTM, BBSR Manoj Kumar Rath, Professor,
Depart ment of Civil Engineering, Centurion University of Technology Bhubaneswar
Corresponding author email; manojrat@[Link]

ing, cracking, buckling, overturning etc. Now-a-days in the

Abstract field of Civil Engineering era a lot of work has been done
related to the experimental study of compressive strength of
Super plasticizers are commonly known as High Range Wa- concrete cubes in which only cement, sand, aggregates and
ter Reducers because it permits low water cement ratio as water are used in the form of water-cement ratios with dif-
well as the workability also affected. In very recent decades, ferent grade of concrete with steel fiber concrete and silica
super plasticizers creates milestone in the advancement of fume and without Admixture [1-2]. But they did not use
chemical admixtures The dramatic effect of super plasticizer Super plasticizers as an Admixture. Admixture are the mate-
(SP) on properties of fresh and hardened concrete has stud- rials other than the three basic ingredients of cement-
ied and the properties of concrete inspected are compressive concrete-cement, aggregate and water added to the concrete
strength and slump test. To determine the optimum dosage mix before or during mixing to improve certain properties
for the admixture, an experimental investigation conducted like setting time, workability, dispersion etc. To modify the
and the effect of over dosage of the SP admixture experi- mechanical properties Super plasticizer in the form of Ad-
mented, together with one control mixed. mixture is used in this study.

1. Introduction
Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in
Concrete is a composite material obtained by mixing cement India. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of
mixture, aggregates and water. Besides these basic compo- houses has lead to the short fall of traditional building mate-
nents, concrete contains additions and/or additives. The con- rials like bricks, cement, sand and wood. Demand of good
crete performances depend on the quality of component ma- quality of building materials to replace the traditional mate-
terials, their proportions, the place and the exposure condi- rials and the need for cost effective and durable materials for
tions. The quality of raw materials used in clinker manufac- low cost housing has necessitated the researchers to develop
ture, conditions of calcinations fineness and particle size of variety of new and innovative building materials. Rice mill-
cement, the relative proportions of cement and the water ing generates a byproduct known as husk and this husk is
amount, all influence the physicochemical behaviour of ce- converted in to ash is known as rice husk ash. This RHA in
ment grout. Furthermore, the type of cement, aggregates turn contains around 85-90% silica. Silica is the basic com-
nature, water, mixing temperature, additives and the envi- ponent of sand which is used with cement for plastering and
ronment will determine the physical, chemical behavior and concreting. Few researchers have been studied the use of
durability of concrete. Super plasticizer is the fourth genera- rice husk ash [3-4]. According to johan plank et al. gives a
tion of super plasticizer for concrete. It meets the require- scientific paper on super plasticizer which is received 23
ments for high range water reducing super plasticizers. It is October 2008, accepted 14 January 2009.
also called as Conflux Guard. Super plasticizer admixture
has special chemicals which helps in water reduction of con-
crete and also gives the better workability. It aids in making
a cohesive concrete mix. They are chemically different from
2. Experimental set up
normal plasticizers. The use of plasticizers permits reduction
of water to an extent up to 30% without reducing the worka- The tests and comparative study done on the mixture are for
the following:
bility in contrast to the possible reduction up to 15% in case
of plasticizers  Slump flow test 
 Workability retention test 
Concrete is a composite man-made material mostly used as  Compressive strength of concrete 
building binding material in construction era. Now-a-days
concrete is used with advanced and improved technologies A study on the behavior of a specific concrete mix
such as R.C.C. structures or F.R.C. structures to give extra with different super plasticizer can show the comparative
view on the behavior of the different super plasticizer used.
ordinary strength and durability to the structures against slid-
Table 1 gives the properties of the super plasticizers used in
© IJATER (NCRTSTM-2018) Volume 01, March 2018 26
 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on Recent Trends in Science, Technology & Management (NCRTSTM-2018)
this research.
Table 5.1.1 slump value for fresh concrete with different
TABLE 1 PROPERTIES OF SUPERPLASTICIZER USED percentage of admixture
 The internal surface of the mould is thoroughly
Sl. Name of the ad- Relative Dos- cleaned and freed from superfluous moisture and
*
No mixture density Colour age adherence of any oldest concrete before com-
1. SNF 1.24 at 25ºC Dark Brown 0.5-2% mencing the test.
Honey
2. PCE 1.08 at 25ºC Brown 0.4-1.2%  The mould is placed on a smooth, horizontal, rig-
Golden id and non-absorbent surface.
3. MPCE 1.08 at 25ºC Brown 0.6-1.2%
 The mould is then filled in four layers, each ap-
proximately ¼ of the height of the mould.
Additional material for proposed concrete: Sul-
 Each layer is tamped 25 times by the tamping rod
phonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde (SNF):
taking care to distribute the strokes evenly over the
Sulphonated Naphthalene Polymers and supplied as a brown cross section.
liquid instantly dispersible in water. Conplast SP430 G8 has
been specially formulated to give high water reductions up  After the top layer has been rodded, the concrete is
to 25 percentages without loss of workability or to produce stuck off level with a trowel and tamping rod.
high quality concrete of reduced permeability. Sulphonated
naphthalene formaldehyde polymer is a major ingredient of  The mould is removed from the concrete immedi-
super-plasticizers. It takes a role neutralizing the surface ately by raising it slowly and carefully in a vertical
charges on the cement particles and enhancing water tied up direction. This allows the concrete to subside. The
in the cement concrete agglomerations and thereafter reduc- subsidence is referred to as SLUMP of concrete.
ing the viscosity of the paste and concrete. It promotes dis-
persing the cement particles and reduces water requirements  The difference in level between the height of the
without affecting the workability thus resulting high-strength
mould and that of the highest point of the subsided
concrete and lower permeability.
concrete is measured. This difference in height is
noted in mm and is taken as Slump of concrete.
Slump Test Procedures
 Higher the slump value, higher is the workability.

The mix we prepared for testing was of M40

Workability test Procedures

Workability of concrete is one of the most important criteria

that should be always be kept in check for long duration
depending upon the retention time which is calculated keep-
ing the distance between the site and the Ready Mixed Con-
crete (RMC) plant. When concrete is to be designed for
more than M40, naturally admixture(s) of preferred choice
is to be used. The main types of admixtures that must be
used are water reducing agents and super plasticizer When
water reducing agents are used, the total quantity free water
used reducing agents and super plasticizer. When water re-
ducing agents are used, the total quantity free water used
will be kept will be kept under control as increasing free
water affects the strength of concrete
FIGURE1 SULPHONATED NAPTHALENE FORMAL-
DEHYDE

© IJATER (NCRTSTM-2018) Volume 01, March 2018 27

 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on Recent Trends in Science, Technology & Management (NCRTSTM-2018)
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Compressive strength test Procedures
As increase in the values of admixture the slump values are
For the preparation of the specimens the following proce- increased from the graph it is shown that SNF has least and
dure is adopted and this module includes the curing of the MPCE are the highest slump values. The higher the flow
Cubes and is illustrated as follows. value, the greater will be the ability to fill the formwork un-
 Weight the quantities of cement, fine Aggregates, der its own weight. So MPCE is better for
Coarse Aggregates and water for one batch of con-
crete to an accuracy of 0.1percentage of the total
weight of batch.
 Mix the concrete by hand (or) preferably in a labor-
atory batch mixer.
 For mixing the Concrete we have adopted the mix
ratio 1:2.11:3.5.
 First of all mix the equal amounts of Cement and
sand with hand followed by the trowel.
 Now add the coarse aggregates to the cement and
sand and mix it thoroughly. Mixing should be in
such a way that all the constituents in the concrete
should mix uniformly so that we can obtain a uni-
Figure 2. Variation in slump flow test value for different
form mix.
type of super plasticizer
 Now add require amount of water by the weight of
cement to the Mix. Care should be taken water TABLE 2 SLUMP VALUE FOR FRESH CONCRETE
should not go out of the mixing plate or batch mix- WITH DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE OF ADMIXTURE
er.
 Mix the concrete after adding the water thoroughly. PER- WATER SLUM DEGREE
 Now take the moulds of size 15 × 15 × 15 cm, ap- CENTAG CEMENT P (mm) OF
ply grease or oil to the sides of the mould. Make E of AD- RATIO WORKA-
sure that the screws are fixed tightly so that bleed- MIXTURE BILITY
ing does not take place. 0 0.40 108 High
 Now transfer the required quantity of the concrete 0.5 0.40 100 High
into the moulds. Transfer of concrete should be in 0.9 0.40 96 Medium
such a way that we should lay nearly u3 layers and 1.5 0.40 73 Low
compacting each layer for 25 times. 3.0 0.40 82 Medium
 After filling the mould level it on the top side of the
In the above graph we have seen that for a normal concrete
cube and leave it aside for 24 Hours.
slump value is higher and as we increase the dosage of super
 After 24 hours unfasten the screws and take out the
plasticizer with a constant w/c ratio it decrease the slump
cube and proceed for curing.
value.
 We have adopted the method of Immersion for cur-
ing. The cubes are to be placed in the water for 7
days, 21 days, 28 days and compression test is to be
done with respect to the age.

 Care should be taken that the specimens are deeply

immersed in the water and the water should be free
from the organic matter, salinity, and alkalinity of
higher order as it affect the durability of the con-
crete.

© IJATER (NCRTSTM-2018) Volume 01, March 2018 28

 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on Recent Trends in Science, Technology & Management (NCRTSTM-2018)
Super plasticizer effects are

Slump value in Different percentage of  Water reduction reduces for getting high slump in
150 Slump value vs concrete which gives high strength concrete with
admixture percentage of
Slump value (mm)

reduced permeability.
108
100 3 COMPRESSIVE
100 STRENGTH admixture  Workability improves compaction leading to denser
TABLE 96 OF CONCRETE
73 concrete and superior finish
50 50  Durability increases cohesiveness of concrete
 Superior plasticizing effect, resulting in improved
0 flow, placing and compaction. Chloride free does
Normal concrete0.50% 0.90% 1.50% 3% not attack reinforcement
Percentage of admixture

Figure3 Slump values in different percentages of admixtures

4. CONCLUSIONS
As increase in super plasticizer the strength of concrete is
increased from 0.5% to 3% but as per results the maximum  In this project we have added super plasticizer as
strength reached at 0.9% and beyond increase in % of ad-
per code IS 10262-2009 up to the maximum i.e 0.5
mixture there will not any significant changes
Table3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE percentage to 3 percentage without changing the
water cement ratio.
percentage of ad- 7 days 21 days 28 days  We found that the compressive strength for normal
mixture concrete gives good strength but when we increase
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 the dosages or percentage of super plasticizer from
0.5 percentages to 3 percentages the compressive
No admixture 25.33 28.88 42.44
strength increased from the normal concrete which
0.5 percentage 9.78 22.22 26.22 gives a very good result in compared with normal
concrete.
0.9 percentage 25.55 35.55 44.44  But the increase in strength by adding super plasti-
cizer is limited for certain percentage. There is a
1.5 percentage 26.66 33.55 44.44 limit to add super plasticizer if we increase the dos-
age it affect the strength of concrete.
3 percentage 21 33.33 36.44  So in this project in 0.9 percentage of admixture it
gives good compressive strength but in 3 percent-
ages it decreases the compressive strength.
44.44 44.44  The mix was becoming harsh with increase in per-
50 42.44
centage i.e 3 percentages and it favorable at 0.9
compression value

40 35.55 33.35 36.44

33.33
28.88 26.22 25.55 26.66 percentages.
30 25.33 22.22 21
20
9.78 Acknowledgments
10
0 7 days
The authors are thankful to IJATER Journal for the sup-
Normal concrete0.50% 0.90% 1.50% 3%
21 days
port to develop this document.
percentage of admixture 28 days

Figure 4 combined graph of compressive strength vs differ-

ent percentage of admixture
References
[1] K. Parikh and D. J Dhyani. , Use of Micro Steel Fibers
in Concrete with Innovative Supplementary Material Silica
Fume- A Review, Indian Journal of Research, PARIPEX,
Vol.2 (4), 2013, 143-145.
© IJATER (NCRTSTM-2018) Volume 01, March 2018 29
 International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER)
National Conference on Recent Trends in Science, Technology & Management (NCRTSTM-2018)
[2] M. Khaled and E. Ozgur, Effect of Cement Content and
Water/Cement Ratio on Fresh Concrete Properties without
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[3] A.A. Godwin, E.E. Maurice, Akobo, I.Z.S and O.U. Jo-
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[4] S. D. Nagrale, H. Hemant and R.M. Pankaj, Utilization
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institute.

© IJATER (NCRTSTM-2018) Volume 01, March 2018 30