Physics 101

Ch-4:motion
in two dimensions

6th Edition - 2021

0797973884

Mechanical engineer at JUST Mohammad Y Rawashdeh

 ‫‪Chapter #4: motion in two dimensions‬‬
‫)الحركة في اتجاهين(‬
‫الشابت السابق نفس المواضيع إال أخر درس فقط بإختالف بسيط‪،‬‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫الشابت نفس‬ ‫❖ مقدمة‪ :‬هاذ‬
‫نحك سيارة عىل شارع مستقيم‪ ،‬كنا‬ ‫ر‬
‫الشابت السابق كنا‬ ‫ن‬
‫بإتجاهي‬ ‫ر‬
‫الشابت هوه الحركة‬ ‫موضوع‬
‫ي‬
‫الشابت هاذ حنشتغل عالمحورين مع بعض‪.‬‬ ‫ر‬ ‫نشتغل عىل محور واحد فقط إما (‪ )X‬أو (‪)Y‬‬
‫إش عىل (‪ )Y‬ما إله دخل‬ ‫وكل‬ ‫‪.‬‬‫)‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫ب‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫ه‬ ‫إل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫بصت‬ ‫إش‬ ‫كل‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫الشابت‬ ‫❖ مالحظة ألخر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ب (‪.)X‬‬

‫‪4.1 The Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors.‬‬

‫‪1. position.‬‬
‫̂𝒋𝒀 ‪⃗ = 𝑿𝒊̂ +‬‬
‫𝒓‬
‫ن‬ ‫ر‬
‫❖ متجه من شابت ثالث لما شحت الموضع حكيت مثال نقطة (‪ )4,3‬ي‬
‫يعن ‪4‬عالسينات و‪3‬‬
‫عالصادات‪.‬‬
‫‪2. displacement.‬‬
‫𝒊𝒓 ‪⃗ = 𝒓 𝒇 −‬‬
‫𝒓∆ = 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒔𝒊𝒅‬
‫𝒋 𝒊𝒀 ‪𝒓𝒇 = 𝑿𝒇 𝒊 + 𝒀𝒇 𝒋 , 𝒓𝒊 = 𝑿𝒊 𝒊 +‬‬

‫𝒋 ) 𝒊𝒀 ‪⃗ = (𝑿𝒇 − 𝑿𝒊 ) 𝒊 + (𝒀𝒇 −‬‬

‫𝒓∆‬
‫𝒋 𝒚𝒓∆ ‪⃗ = (∆𝑿) 𝒊 + (∆𝒀) 𝒋 = ∆𝒓𝒙 𝒊 +‬‬
‫𝒓∆‬
‫‪3. velocity.‬‬
‫⃗‬
‫𝒓∆‬
‫=̅‬
‫𝑽 = 𝒚𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒗 𝒂𝒗𝒂‬ ‫𝟐 𝒚𝑽 ‪, 𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝑽| = √𝑽𝒙 𝟐 +‬‬
‫𝒕∆‬
‫𝒓𝒅‬ ‫𝒙𝒅‬ ‫𝒚𝒅‬
‫= 𝒚𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒗 𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒔𝒏𝒊‬ ‫̂𝒋 ) ( ‪= ( ) 𝒊̂ +‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪4. acceleration.‬‬
‫𝑽∆‬
‫=̅‬
‫𝒂 = 𝒏𝒐𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒂 ‪𝒂𝒗𝒂.‬‬
‫𝒕∆‬
‫𝒗𝒅‬ ‫𝒙𝒗𝒅‬ ‫𝒚𝒗𝒅‬
‫= 𝒏𝒐𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒐𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒔𝒏𝒊‬ ‫(=‬ ‫( ‪)𝒊+‬‬ ‫𝒋)‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬

‫‪Page 1 of 44‬‬
Ex) an object moving on the xy-plane from the point (2,4) to (-3,7) in 3s:
1- What is the magnitude of its displacement (in meter)?
2- What its ava velocity and ava speed during this time interval?
Sol:
1-
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = ∆𝒓 = ∆𝒙𝒊 + ∆𝒚𝒋
∆𝑟 = (−3 − 2) 𝑖 + (7 − 4) 𝑗 = −5 𝑖 + 3 𝑗

|∆𝑟| = √(−5)2 + (3)2 = √36 = 6 𝑚

2-

𝚫𝒓 −5 3
̅=
𝑽 =( 𝑖 + 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠
𝚫𝒕 3 3

𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝑽| = √𝑽𝒙 𝟐 + 𝑽𝒚 𝟐

−5 2
|𝑉| = √( ) + 12 = 1.945 𝑚/𝑠
3

Ex) an object on the xy-plane its velocity changing from (-2i+j) m/s to (4i-3j) m/s
in 1s, what is the magnitude of its acceleration?
Sol:
(𝑽𝒙𝒇 − 𝑽𝒙𝒊 )𝒊 + (𝑽𝒚𝒇 − 𝑽𝒚𝒊 )𝒋
𝒂=
∆𝒕
(4 − (−2)) 𝑖 + (−3 − 1) 𝑗
𝑎= = (6 𝑖 − 4 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 2
1
|𝒂| = √𝟔𝟐 + (−𝟒)𝟐 = √𝟒𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

Page 2 of 44
Ex) the position vector of an object moving on the xy-plan is given as a function
of time (𝑟(𝑡) = (1 + 2𝑡 2 ) 𝑖 + (3 − 𝑡 3 ) 𝑗 𝑚), find:
1) the position at (t=2s).
Sol:
𝑟(2) = (1 + (2 × 4)) 𝑖 + (3 − 8) 𝑗 = (9 𝑖 − 5 𝑗)𝑚
2) the displacement from (t=0 s to t=2 s).
Sol:
𝑟(0) = (1 𝑖 + 3 𝑗)𝑚 , 𝑟(2) = (9 𝑖 − 5 𝑗)𝑚
∆𝑟 = (9 − 1) 𝑖 + (−5 − 3) 𝑗 = (8 𝑖 − 8 𝑗) 𝑚
3) the ava velocity and ava speed from (t=0 s to t=2 s).
Sol:
∆𝑟 8 −8
𝑉̅ = = ( ) 𝑖 + ( ) 𝑗 = (4 𝑖 − 4 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠
∆𝑡 2 2
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = |𝑉| = √(4)2 + (−4)2 = √32 𝑚/𝑠
4) the instantaneous velocity at (t=2 s).
Sol:
𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒖𝒐𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = ( ) 𝒊̂ + ( ) 𝒋̂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑑𝑟
𝑉(𝑡) = = (4𝑡) 𝑖 + (−3𝑡 2 ) 𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡
𝑉 (2) = (4 × 2) 𝑖 + (−3 × 22 ) 𝑗̂ = (8𝑖 − 12𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠
5) the ava acceleration from (t=0 s to t=1s)
Sol:
𝑉 (0) = 0 , 𝑉 (1) = (4 × 1) 𝑖 + (−3 × 12 ) 𝑗̂ = (4 𝑖 − 3 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠
∆𝑉 (4 − 0) 𝑖 + (−3 − 0) 𝑗
𝑎̅ = = = (4 𝑖 − 3 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 2
∆𝑡 1

Page 3 of 44
 6) the instantaneous acceleration at (t=6 s).
Sol:
𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒗𝒙 𝒅𝒗𝒚
𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = =( )𝒊 + ( )𝒋
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑑𝑣
𝑎 (𝑡 ) = = (4) 𝑖 − (6𝑡) 𝑗
𝑑𝑡
𝑎(6) = (4 𝑖 − 36 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 2

Ex) the acceleration of an object moving in the xy-plan is given by

(𝑎(𝑡) = (𝑖 + 2𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 2 ), if the object starts from rest at point (3,2) in units of
meters, what is the vector position of the object at (t=2 s)?
Sol: )‫(سؤال سنوات مهم تفهمه‬

∫ 𝒂(𝒕) 𝒅𝒕 = 𝑽(𝒕) = (𝒕 + 𝑪𝟏 )𝒊 + (𝟐𝒕 + 𝑪𝟐 )𝒋

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏: 𝑉 (0) = 0 → (0 + 𝐶1) 𝑖 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0 + 𝐶2) = 0

𝐶1 = 0 , 𝐶2 = 0
𝑽(𝒕) = ((𝒕) 𝒊 + (𝟐𝒕) 𝒋) 𝒎⁄𝒔
𝒕𝟐
∫ 𝑽(𝒕) 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒓(𝒕) = ( + 𝑪𝟑 ) 𝒊 + (𝒕𝟐 + 𝑪𝟒 ) 𝒋
𝟐
𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑟(0) = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (3,2) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 → (0 + 𝐶3 ) 𝑖 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0 + 𝐶4 ) 𝑗 = 2
𝐶3 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶4 = 2

𝒕𝟐
𝒓(𝒕) = (( + 𝟑) 𝒊 + (𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐)𝒋) 𝒎
𝟐

22
𝑟(2) = ( + 3) 𝑖 + (22 + 2) 𝑗 = (𝟓 𝒊 + 𝟔 𝒋) 𝒎
2

Page 4 of 44
Ex) A disoriented physics professor drives a distance (3.10 km north), then a
distance (2.85 km west), and then a distance (1.35 km south). Find the magnitude
of the resultant displacement.
Sol:
⃗ = (∆𝑿) 𝒊 + (∆𝒀) 𝒋
∆𝒓
∆𝑟 = (2.85) 𝑖 + (3.1 − 1.35) 𝑗 = (2.85 𝑖 + 1.75 𝑗) 𝑚

|∆𝑟| = √(2.85)2 + (1.75)2 = 3.3445 𝑚

Ex) A car is traveling east at (60 km/h), it rounds a curve and after (5 s), it is
traveling south at the same speed. Find the average acceleration of the car.
Sol:
(𝑽𝒙𝒇 − 𝑽𝒙𝒊 )𝒊 + (𝑽𝒚𝒇 − 𝑽𝒚𝒊 )𝒋
𝒂=
∆𝒕
(0 − 60) 𝑖 + (−60 − 0) 𝑗
𝑎= = (−12 𝑖 − 12 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 2
5
|𝒂| = √𝟏𝟐𝟐 + (−𝟏𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝒎/𝒉𝟐
Ex) a man walks (30 m) east for 20s and then (40 m) north for 30s, what is the
ava speed during this trip?
Sol:
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = ∆R
𝒕 40
30 + 40 30
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 1.6 𝑚/𝑠
50

Page 5 of 44
Ex) A car travels (20.0 km) due north and then (35.0 km) in a direction (60.0°)
west of north as shown in the Figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the car’s
resultant displacement.
Sol:

⃗𝑹
⃗ = ⃗𝑨
⃗ + ⃗𝑩
⃗

𝐴 = 20 𝑗
⃗ = (−35 × sin 60°) 𝑖 + (35 × cos 60°) 𝑗
𝐵
⃗ = (−30.31) 𝑖 + (17.5) 𝑗
𝐵

𝑅⃗ = (−30.31) 𝑖 + (20 + 17.5) 𝑗 → 𝑅⃗ = (−30.31) 𝑖 + (37.5) 𝑗

|𝑅⃗ | = √30.312 + 37.52 = 48.22 𝑘𝑚

37.5
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝛽) = tan−1 ( ) = 51°
30.31
𝜃 = 180 − 𝛽 = 180° − 51° = 128.9°
‫ر‬
.3 ‫بشابت‬ ‫ال أخذناهم‬ ‫) مش ي‬β(‫) و‬θ( :‫ مالحظة‬#
‫ ي‬،‫ال بالصورة‬
 Suppose the trip were taken with the two vectors in reverse order: 35.0 km at
60.0° west of north first and then 20.0 km due north. How would the magnitude
and the direction of the resultant vector change?
Answer: They would not change. The commutative law for vector addition tells
us that the order of vectors in an addition is irrelevant. Graphically, Figure (b)
shows that the vectors added in the reverse order give us the same resultant
vector.

Page 6 of 44
Ex) A motorist drives south at (20 m/s) for 3 min, then turns west and travels at
(25 m/s) for 2 min, and finally travels northwest at (30 m/s) for 1 min. Let the
positive x axis point east. For this 6 min trip, find:
(a) The total vector displacement.
(b) The average speed.
θ
(c) The average velocity.
Sol: (a): β
𝑅⃗
⃗⃗ = 𝑨
𝑹 ⃗⃗ + 𝑩
⃗⃗ + 𝑪
⃗ 𝐴
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝐶
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = 45° ⃗
𝐵
𝒕

𝑚 60𝑠
𝐴 = − (20 × 3 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × ) 𝑗 = (−𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒋) 𝒎
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 60𝑠
⃗ = − (25
𝐵 × 2 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × ) 𝑖 = (−𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒊) 𝒎
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 60𝑠
𝐶 = (−(30 × cos(45°)) × 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × )𝑖
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚 60𝑠
+ ((30 × sin(45°)) × 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 × )𝑗
𝑠 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
⃗ = ((−𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟗) 𝒊 + (𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟗) 𝒋) 𝒎
𝑪

𝑅⃗ = (−3000 − 1272.79) 𝑖 + (−3600 + 1272.79) 𝑗

⃗𝑹
⃗ = ((−𝟒𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟗) 𝒊 + (−𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟏) 𝒋) 𝒎

⃗⃗ | = √(−𝟒𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟗)𝟐 + (−𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟖𝟔𝟓. 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒎

|𝑹
−2327.21
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝛽) = tan−1 ( ) = 28.575°
−4272.79
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 + 𝜷 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° + 𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟓° = 𝟐𝟎𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟓°

Page 7 of 44
(b):
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 |𝑨⃗⃗ | + |𝑩
⃗⃗ | + |𝑪
⃗|
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = =
𝒕 𝒕
𝒎 𝟔𝟎𝒔
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 + (𝟑𝟎 × 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏 × )
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = 𝒔 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
(𝟔 × 𝟔𝟎)𝒔

(c):
⃗⃗ |
|𝑹
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒂 =
𝒕
𝟒𝟖𝟔𝟓. 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒎
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒂 = = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
(𝟔 × 𝟔𝟎)𝒔
 Note: The direction of the average velocity vector is in direction of the net
displacement vector.

Ex) A plane flies (483 km) east from city A to city B in 45 min and then (966 km)
south from city B to city C in 1.50 h. For the total trip, what are the:
(a) Magnitude and Direction of the plane’s displacement,
(b) The magnitude and Direction of its average velocity
(c) Its average speed?
Sol:
(a):
⃗𝑹
⃗ = ⃗𝑨
⃗ + ⃗𝑩
⃗, ⃗𝑨
⃗ = (𝟒𝟖𝟑 𝒊) 𝒌𝒎 , ⃗𝑩
⃗ = (−𝟗𝟔𝟔 𝒋) 𝒌𝒎
⃗𝑹
⃗ = (𝟒𝟖𝟑 𝒊 − 𝟗𝟔𝟔 𝒋) 𝒌𝒎

⃗⃗ | = √(𝟒𝟖𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟗𝟔𝟔 )𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎 𝒎

|𝑹
𝟗𝟔𝟔
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝛽 ) = tan−1 ( ) = 63.435°
𝟒𝟖𝟑
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 + 𝜷 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟑𝟓° = 𝟐𝟗𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟓°

Page 8 of 44
 ⃗⃗ |
|𝑹
(b): 𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒂 =
𝒕

𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎 𝒎
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒂 = = 𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
𝟏𝒉
(𝟏. 𝟓)𝒉 + (𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏 × )
𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒊𝒏
And The direction of the average velocity vector is in direction of the net
displacement vector.
(c):
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 |𝑨 ⃗⃗ | + |𝑩
⃗⃗ |
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = =
𝒕 𝒕
𝟒𝟖𝟑 + 𝟗𝟔𝟔
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = = 𝟔𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
𝟏𝒉
(𝟏. 𝟓)𝒉 + (𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏 × )
𝟔𝟎𝒎𝒊𝒏
❖ Note
‫❖ باألسئلة ي‬
:‫ال بعطيك فيها نقاط وتطلع الفرق بينهم أو معادالت بتستخدم هاذ القانون‬

𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = |𝑽| = √𝑽𝒙 𝟐 + 𝑽𝒚 𝟐

‫ال بعطيك فيها مسافات مقطوعة بتستخدم هاذ ركز بالسؤال أعطاك مسافات‬‫❖ باألسئلة ي‬
:‫عال فوق غلط‬
‫مقطوعة بتحل عهاذ القانون لو تحل ي‬
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 |𝑨 ⃗⃗ | + |𝑩
⃗⃗ | + |𝑪
⃗|
𝒂𝒗𝒂 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = =
𝒕 𝒕

Ex) An airplane makes a gradual (90°) turn while flying at a constant speed of
(200m/s). The process takes 20.0 seconds to complete. For this turn the magnitude
of the average acceleration of the plane is.
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑖 = (200 𝑖)𝑚/𝑠 , 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 90° → 𝑉𝑓 = (200 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠
∆𝑽
̅=
𝒂𝒗𝒂. 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝒂
∆𝒕
(0 − 200) 𝑖 + (200 − 0) 𝑗
𝑎̅ = = (−10 𝑖 + 10 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 2
20
⃗ | = √(𝟏𝟎)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟎 )𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
|𝒂
Page 9 of 44
‫‪4.2 Two-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration.‬‬
‫ر‬
‫الشابت بتشتغل عىل ال(‪ )X‬لحال و(‪ )Y‬لحال‪.‬‬ ‫ن‬
‫الماض بس بطبق مالحظة‬ ‫ر‬
‫بالشابت‬ ‫❖ نفس الدرس‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫❖ ي‬
‫يعن بدك تعد ثلث معطيات لل )‪ (X‬و ثلث معطيات لل )‪.(Y‬‬

‫‪on the x-axis‬‬ ‫‪on the y-axis‬‬

‫𝒕 𝒙𝒂 ‪𝑽𝒙𝒇 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 +‬‬ ‫𝒕 𝒚𝒂 ‪𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 +‬‬

‫𝒊𝒙𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒙𝒇 +‬‬ ‫𝒊𝒚𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒚𝒇 +‬‬

‫= 𝒙̅‬
‫𝑽‬ ‫= 𝒚̅‬
‫𝑽‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝒊𝒙𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒙𝒇 +‬‬ ‫𝒊𝒚𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒚𝒇 +‬‬
‫( = 𝑿∆‬ ‫𝒕)‬ ‫( = 𝐘∆‬ ‫𝒕)‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕 𝒙𝒂 ‪∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 𝒕 +‬‬ ‫𝟐𝒕 𝒚𝒂 ‪∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕 𝒙𝒂 ‪∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒇 𝒕 −‬‬ ‫𝟐𝒕 𝒚𝒂 ‪∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒇 𝒕 −‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝑿∆ 𝒙𝒂𝟐 ‪𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒊 +‬‬ ‫𝒀∆ 𝒚𝒂𝟐 ‪𝑽𝟐𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒚𝒊 +‬‬

‫إش واحد ر‬
‫مشتك بينهم فقط وهوه الزمن (‪.)t‬‬

‫‪Page 10 of 44‬‬
Ex) A particle moves in the xy- plane, starting from the origin
(X and Y initial =zero) at (t=0 s) with an initial velocity having an x component of
(20 m/s) and a y-component of (-15 m/s). The particle experiences an acceleration
in the x-direction, given by (𝑎𝑥 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2 ).
A) Determine the total velocity vector at any time.
Sol: 𝑉𝑖𝑥 = 20 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑉𝑖𝑦 = − 15 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑡 = 0 , 𝑎𝑥 = 4 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 , 𝑎𝑦 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜

x y
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
𝑽𝒙𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟒𝒕 𝑽𝒚𝒇 = −𝟏𝟓 + 𝟎𝒕

𝑽(𝒕) = (𝟐𝟎 + 𝟒𝒕)𝒊 + (−𝟏𝟓)𝒋 𝒎/𝒔

B) Calculate the velocity and speed of the particle at t=5s. and the angle the
velocity vector makes with the x axis.
Sol:
𝑉 (5) = (20 + 20)𝑖 − (15𝑗)𝑚/𝑠
15
𝛽 = tan−1 ( ) = 20.56° → 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟔 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟒𝟒𝟓° 𝒐𝒓 − 𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟔°
40
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √402 + 152 = 43𝑚/𝑠
C) Determine the x and y coordinates of the particle at any time t and its position
vector at this time.
x y
𝟏 𝟏
∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐 ∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝑋𝑓 − 0 = 20𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 𝑌𝑓 − 0 = −15𝑡 + 0
𝑿𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝟐𝒕𝟐 𝒀𝒇 = −𝟏𝟓𝒕

𝑟 = (20𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 ) 𝑖 + (−15𝑡) 𝑗 𝑚

Page 11 of 44
Ex) a particle accelerates from rest in the xy-plane with constant acceleration of
(2 𝑖 − 4 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2 , calculate the speed of the particle after 2s.
Sol: 𝑉𝑥𝑖 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 0

x y
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 0 + 2 × 2 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 0 − 4 × 2 = −8 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = (4)𝑖 + (−8)𝑗 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √(4)2 + (−8)2 = 8.9 𝑚/𝑠

Ex) a particle starts from the origin at t=0 with a velocity of (16𝑖 − 12𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 and
moves in the xy-plan with a constant acceleration 𝑎 = (3𝑖 − 6𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2 .
1) what is the speed of the particle at t=6s?
2) what is the position vector of the object at t=6s?
Sol:
x y
1)
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
𝑉𝑓𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = −12 − 6 × 6 = −48 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 16 + 3 × 6 = 34 𝑚/𝑠

𝑉𝑓 = (34)𝑖 + (−48)𝑗 𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √(34)2 + (−48)2 = 58.8 𝑚/𝑠

2)
𝑉𝑦𝑓 + 𝑉𝑦𝑖
𝑉𝑥𝑓 + 𝑉𝑥𝑖 ∆𝑌 = ( )𝑡
∆𝑋 = ( )𝑡 2
2 −12 − 48
34 + 16 𝑌𝑓 − 0 = ( ) 6 = −180𝑚
𝑋𝑓 − 0 = ( ) 6 = 150𝑚 2
2
𝑟 = (150 𝑖 − 180 𝑗) 𝑚

Page 12 of 44
Ex) a car starts moving with an initial velocity of (23 m/s) north, and with constant
acceleration of (3 m/s2) east, what is its speed after 6s?
Sol:𝑉𝑥𝑖 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = + 23𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑎𝑥 = +3 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 , 𝑎𝑦 = 0 , 𝑡 = 6𝑠

x y
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 0 + 3 × 6 = 18 𝑚/𝑠 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 23 + 0 × 6 = 23 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = (18)𝑖 + (23)𝑗 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √(18)2 + (23)2 = 29.2 𝑚/𝑠

Ex) a particle moving with constant acceleration passes the origin with
(𝑉 = 7𝑗) 𝑚⁄𝑠 , its position 2s later is 𝑟 = (10 𝑖 + 4 𝑗)𝑚 , find the magnitude of
its acceleration.
Sol: 𝑉𝑥𝑖 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = +7 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑟𝑓 = (10 𝑖 + 4 𝑗)𝑚, 𝑡 = 2𝑠

x y
1 1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 ∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2
2 2
1 1
10 − 0 = (0) × 2 + 𝑎𝑥 22 4 − 0 = 7 × 2 + 𝑎𝑦 22
2 2
𝒂𝒙 = 𝟓𝒎/𝒔𝟐 𝒂𝒚 = −𝟓𝒎/𝒔𝟐

𝑎 = (5 𝑖 − 5 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2
|𝑎| = √(5)2 + (−5)2 = 7.1𝑚/𝑠 2
OR:
1
∆𝑟 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
(10 − 0)𝑖 + (4 − 0)𝑗 = (0𝑖 + 7𝑗) × 2 + 𝑎22
2
1
10 𝑖 + (4 − 14)𝑗 = 𝑎22
2
𝑎 = (5 𝑖 − 5 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2

Page 13 of 44
Ex) a particle is moving in xy-plane with constant acceleration at time t=0, the
velocity of the particle is (4 𝑖 − 3𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠 , what is the particle acceleration if its
velocity 8 s later is (20 𝑖 − 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠?
Sol:
x y
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
20 = 4 + 𝑎𝑥 × 8 → 𝑎𝑥 = 2 𝑚/𝑠 −11 = −3 + 𝑎𝑦 × 8 → 𝑎𝑦 = −1 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = (2 𝑖 − 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2

Ex) At (t=0 s), a particle leaves the origin a velocity of (9.0 m/s) in the positive y
Direction and moves in the xy plane with a constant acceleration of
(2 𝑖 − 4 𝑗) m/s2. At the instant the x coordinate of the particle is (15 m), what is
the speed of the particle (in unite of m/s)?
Sol: 𝑉𝑥𝑖 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = +9 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑋𝑓 = (15 𝑖) 𝑚

x y
𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒊 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙 ∆𝑿
2
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 0 + 2 × 2 × (15 − 0)
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕
𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒇 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
𝟏 𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 9 − 4 × 3.873
∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐 𝑽𝒚𝒇 = −𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
𝟐
15 = 0 + 𝑡 2
𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟕𝟑 𝒔
𝑽𝒇 = (√𝟔𝟎 𝒊 − 𝟔. 𝟓 𝒋) 𝒎/𝒔
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = √𝟔𝟎 + 𝟔. 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎/𝒔

Page 14 of 44
Ex) At (t=0 s), a particle leaves the origin with a velocity of (5 m/s) in the positive
y direction, its acceleration is given by (𝑎 = 3 𝑖 − 2 𝑗) m/s2. At the instant the
particle reaches its maximum y coordinates, how far the particle from the origin
is?
Sol: 𝑉𝑥𝑖 = 0 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 5 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑎 = 3 𝑖 − 2𝑗 , 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 0)

x y
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕
𝟏 0 = 5 − 2𝑡
∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒙 𝒕𝟐 𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒔
𝟐
1 𝟏
𝑋𝑓 − 0 = 0 × 2.5 + × 3 × 2.52 ∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒚 𝒕𝟐
2 𝟐
𝑿𝒇 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒎 1
𝑌𝑓 − 0 = 5 × 2.5 − × 2 × 2.52
2
𝒀𝒚 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝒓𝒇 = (𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒊 + 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋) 𝒎
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = √𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟐 + 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎

❖ Note: (just for these questions just)

1. Displacement is maximum when (v) equal zero.
2. Velocity is maximum when (a) equal zero.
3. When a particle revers its direction (v) equal zero.
.‫ أي جسم الزم يوقف لحتا يعكس اتجاه حركته‬#

Page 15 of 44
‫‪).‬حركة المقذوفات( ‪4.3 Projectile Motion‬‬
‫ر‬
‫الشابت؟؟‬ ‫❖ حافظ مالحظة‬
‫❖ رح أقسم الدرس ألرب ع حاالت وكل حالة بدك تحفظ المالحظات الخاصة فيها‪.‬‬

‫‪on the x-axis‬‬ ‫‪on the y-axis‬‬

‫دائماً 𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒛 = 𝒙𝒂‬ ‫𝟐𝒔‪𝒂𝒚 = 𝒈 = −𝟏𝟎𝒎/‬‬

‫𝒕)𝟎( ‪𝑽𝒙𝒇 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 +‬‬
‫𝒕𝒈 ‪𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 +‬‬
‫𝒕𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒔𝒐𝒄 = 𝒊𝒙𝑽 = 𝒇𝒙𝑽‬

‫)𝟑 𝒉𝒄( 𝜽 𝐬𝐨𝐜 𝒊𝑽 = 𝒙𝑽‬ ‫𝜽 𝐧𝐢𝐬 𝒊𝑽 = 𝒊𝒚𝑽‬

‫𝒊𝒙𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒙𝒇 +‬‬ ‫𝒙𝑽𝟐‬
‫( = 𝑿∆‬ ‫= 𝒕)‬ ‫𝒕‬ ‫𝒊𝒚𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒚𝒇 +‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝟐‬ ‫( = 𝐘∆‬ ‫𝒕)‬
‫𝒕 𝒙𝑽 = 𝑿∆‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕)𝟎( ‪∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒊 𝒕 +‬‬ ‫𝟐 𝟏‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫‪∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 𝒕 +‬‬ ‫𝒕𝒈‬
‫𝒕 𝒙𝑽 = 𝑿∆‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬
‫𝟐𝒕)𝟎( ‪∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒙𝒇 𝒕 −‬‬ ‫𝟐 𝟏‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝒕𝒈 ‪∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒇 𝒕 −‬‬
‫𝒕 𝒙𝑽 = 𝑿∆‬ ‫𝟐‬
‫𝑿∆)𝟎(𝟐 ‪𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒙𝒊 +‬‬
‫𝒀∆𝒈𝟐 ‪𝑽𝟐𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒚𝒊 +‬‬
‫𝒕𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒔𝒐𝒄 = 𝒊𝒙𝑽 = 𝒇𝒙𝑽‬
‫ال كان عندها‪:‬‬ ‫ً ن‬
‫ي‬ ‫النقطة‬ ‫لنفس‬ ‫رجع‬ ‫حال‬ ‫ف‬
‫❖ طبعا ي‬
‫𝒏𝒘𝒐𝒅𝒕 = 𝒑𝒖𝒕‬
‫❖ إش واحد ر‬
‫مشتك بينهم فقط وهوه الزمن (‪.)t‬‬ ‫ي‬

‫‪Page 16 of 44‬‬
‫‪1.From the ground.‬‬

‫𝟐𝒔‪𝒂𝒚 = −𝒈 = − 𝟏𝟎 𝒎⁄‬‬
‫)𝒅𝒏𝒖𝒐𝒓𝒈 𝒐𝒕 𝒅𝒏𝒖𝒐𝒓𝒈 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒇( 𝟎 = 𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒕 𝒍𝒍𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒀∆‬
‫𝟎 = 𝒙𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝑽‬
‫)‪𝑽𝒚𝒊 = (+‬‬
‫)‪𝑽𝒚𝒇 = (−‬‬
‫ن‬
‫قواني بتخص هاذ الدرس( بتقدر تحل بدونهم بس فيهم أشع ‪ +‬بتستخدمهم بس بهاي الحالة‬ ‫❖‬
‫ن‬
‫يعن خطأ)‪.‬‬
‫بكون أفضل ألنه بالحاالت الباقية مش كافيات وبتحسب منهم جواب مش كامل ي‬
‫‪).‬الزمن الالزم لوصول أعىل إرتفاع( ‪1- max time‬‬
‫𝑡𝑔 ‪𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑦𝑓 𝑎𝑡 max ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛: 0 = 𝑉𝑦𝑓 −‬‬
‫𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑡𝑔 = 𝜃 𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑉 ‪𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛:‬‬
‫𝜽 𝒏𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝑽‬
‫= 𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒕‬
‫𝒈‬

‫‪Page 17 of 44‬‬
 2- Max Height. (∆𝑌 = ℎ)
1 1 2
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2 → ℎ = (𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑔𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥
2 2
𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 1 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2
ℎ = (𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) − ( 𝑔) ( )
𝑔 2 𝑔
(𝑽𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)𝟐
𝒉=
𝟐𝒈

3- Rang. (∆𝑥 = 𝑅)
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑅 , 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 = 2𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥
‫ر‬
.‫بالشابت الماض إنه زمن الصعود بساوي زمن الهبوط وبالرينج بدي زمن الرحلة كامل‬ ‫ أخذنا‬#
𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑅 = (𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) (2 ) → 𝑏𝑢𝑡: 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = sin 2𝜃
𝑔

𝑽𝟐𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽
𝑹=
𝒈
Ex) a ball thrown upward has zero acceleration when:
A) moving upward. B) moving downward.
C) all the highest points. D) never become zero.

Ex) a projectile can have maximum rang when its thrown.

A) horizontally. B) with an angle of 45 above the x-axis.
C) with an angle of 37 above the x-axis.
D) with an angle of 30 above the x-axis.
Sol:
𝑉𝑖2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
𝑅= , 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = 45
𝑔

Page 18 of 44
Ex) A long jumper leaves the ground at an angle of 20.0° above the horizontal and
at a speed of 11.0 m/s.
A) How far does he jump in the horizontal direction? (rang)
Sol:
𝑉𝑖2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 (11)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2(20)
𝑅= →𝑅= = 7.77𝑚
𝑔 10
B) What is the maximum height reached?
Sol:
(𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )2 (11 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20)2
ℎ= →ℎ= = 0.7𝑚
2𝑔 2 × 10
C) how much time he takes to reach maximum Height?
Sol:
𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 11 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = → 𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.38𝑠
𝑔 10

Ex) An Olympic athlete throws a javelin at four different angles above the
horizontal, each with the same speed: 30°, 40°, 60°, and 80°. Which two throws
cause the javelin to land the same distance?
a) 40° and 60°. b) 30° and 60° c) 40° and 80° d) 30° and 80°
Sol:
𝑉𝑖2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
𝑅= , 𝑽 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒈 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏:
𝑔
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎° = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔
sin 80° = 0.643
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟐𝟎° = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔
sin 160° = 0.342

Page 19 of 44
Ex) Which of the following is NOT an example of accelerated motion?
A) Vertical component of projectile motion.
B) Circular motion at constant speed.
C) A swinging pendulum.
D) Earth's motion about sun.
E) Horizontal component of projectile motion.

Ex) A Stone is thrown with an initial velocity an angle of (53°) above horizontal.
If maximum height during the flight was (24 m), what was the initial velocity
(in units of m/s).
Sol:
(𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )2
ℎ=
2𝑔
(𝑉𝑖 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 53°)2
24 = → 𝑽𝒊 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
2 × 10

Page 20 of 44
Ex) a projectile is fired from the ground with an initial velocity that has (20m/s)
horizontal component and (20m/s) vertical component. calculate the horizontal
distance from lunching to landing (rang) point.
Sol: 𝑉𝑥 = 20𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 20𝑚⁄𝑠
‫ السؤال هاذ مارح أحله عالقواني ألنه مش معطين زاوية وال الرسعة كاملة (بتقدر تطلعهم) بس أحله‬#
. ‫عالقواني األصلية أري ح‬

x y
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 𝑡 ∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑅 = 20 × 4 = 80𝑚
0 = 20 × 𝑡 + 5 × 𝑡 2
𝒕 = 𝟒𝒔
∆𝑌 = 0 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑) , 𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝.

Ex) a projectile is fired with initial speed of (80 m/s) at angle (53°) above the
horizontal, what is the speed of the projectile 2s later?
Sol:
𝑽𝒙 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 80 cos 53 = 48 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 80 sin 53 = 64 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡 = 64 − 10 × 2 = 44𝑚⁄𝑠
⃗ 𝑓 = 48 𝑖 + 44 𝑗 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉

𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = √𝟒𝟖𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝟐 = 𝟔𝟓𝒎/𝒔

Page 21 of 44
Ex) In the figure below, a stone is projected at a cliff of height (h) with an initial
speed of (42 m/s) directed at angle (θ=60°) above the horizontal. The stone strikes
at A, (5.50 s) after launching. Find:
(a) The height (h) of the cliff.
(b) The speed of the stone just before
impact at A.
(c) The maximum height H reached
above the ground.
Sol:
(a):
𝑽𝒙 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 42 cos 60 = 21 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 42 sin 60 = 36.373 𝑚/𝑠
𝟏
∆𝒀 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝑌𝑓 − 0 = 36.373 × 5.5 − 5 × 5.52 = 48.8 𝑚
𝒉 = 𝒀𝒇 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝒎
(b):
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 + 𝒈𝒕
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 36.373 − 10 × 5.5 = −18.627 𝑚⁄𝑠
⃗𝑽𝒇 = (21 𝑖 − 18.627 𝑗) 𝑚/𝑠

𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 = √𝟐𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟐𝟕𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖 𝒎/𝒔

(c):
(𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 )2
𝐻=
2𝑔
(42 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60°)2
𝐻=
2 × 10
𝑯 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟏𝟓 𝒎/𝒔

Page 22 of 44
Ex) Two balls, injected at different times so they don't collide, have trajectories A
and B, as shown below. Which statement is correct?
A) VB must be greater than VA.
B) Ball A is in the air for a longer time than ball B
B.
Θ1 A
C) pall B is in the air for a longer time than ball Θ2
A.
D) Ball B has a greater acceleration than ball A.
E) Ball A has a greater acceleration than ball B.
 Note: Greater the height greater will be
the time of flight.

Ex) Two bodies are falling with negligible air resistance, side by side, above a
horizontal plane. If one of the bodies is given an additional horizontal acceleration
during its descent it:
A) strikes the plane at the same time as the other body.
B) strikes the plane earlier than the other body.
C) has the vertical component of its velocity altered.
P) has the vertical component of its acceleration altered.
E) follows a straight-line path along the resultant accelerant vector.

Page 23 of 44
Ex) A ball is thrown from the ground. with an initial Velocity of (𝑉𝑖 = 20 𝑖 + 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑗)
range (R=160 m), then (𝑉𝑦𝑖 ) (in unit of m/s) is:
A) 80 B) 20 C) 40 D) 10
Sol:
x y
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 𝑡 ∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
160 = 20 × 𝑡 0 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 × 8 − 5 × 64
𝑡 =8𝑠
𝑽𝒚𝒊 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
∆𝑌 = 0 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑) , 𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝.

Ex) The initial speed of a cannon ball is (0.2 km/s). If the ball is to strike a target
that is at a horizontal distance of (3 km) from the cannon, what is the minimum
time of flight for the ball. (in units of s)?
A)16.5 B) 21 C) 24 E) 19
Sol:
𝑉𝑖2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
𝑅=
𝑔
(200)2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝜃
3000 = → 𝜃 = 24.3°
10
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 𝑡
3000 = (200 × cos 24.3)𝑡
𝑡 = 16.5 𝑠

Page 24 of 44
Ex) Which statement is true when the projectile in the figure shown is at its highest
point?
A) Its velocity and acceleration are both not
zero
B) Its velocity' is not zero but its acceleration is
zero
C) Its velocity is zero, but its acceleration is not
zero
D) Its velocity and acceleration are both zero

Ex) A ball is thrown from (r0=0) with an initial velocity (V =30i + 40j), what is its
position vector at t =6s (m)?
Sol:
x y
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥𝑖 𝑡 ∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑋𝑓 − 0 = 30 × 6
𝑌𝑓 − 0 = 40 × 6 − 5 × 36
𝑿𝒇 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒎
𝒀𝒇 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒎
𝒓𝒇 = (𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒊 + 𝟔𝟎 𝒋) 𝒎

Ex) In the projectile motion, which of the following statements is correct?

A) The vertical speed is constant.
B) The acceleration is g downward.
C) The acceleration is 0 at the maximum height.
D) The horizontal speed increases uniformly.

Page 25 of 44
2.from the top of a building (above the horizontal).
𝑡𝑢𝑝 ≠ 𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 . ‫❖ ما بتفرق عن الحالة الماضية بس شوي بموضوع الزمن وزيادة ارتفاع البناية فقط‬
.‫زمن الهبوط لمستوى البناية فقط بسواي زمن الصعود مش لألرض‬

Ex) A stone is thrown from the top of a building upward at an angle of (30.0°) to
the horizontal with an initial speed of (20.0 m/s) as shown in the Figure. The height
from which the stone is thrown is (45.0) m above the ground.
A) How long does it take the stone to reach
the ground?
Sol:
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 20 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30 = 17.3𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 20 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30 = 10𝑚/𝑠 𝒉 = |∆𝒀|
1 ∆𝒀 = −
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2 𝑽𝒚 𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎
−𝟒𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎𝒕 − 𝟓𝒕𝟐 → 𝒕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟗 = 𝟎 𝑽𝒚𝒊 = +
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = −
−𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐𝒂
2 ± √(−2)2 − 4 × 1 × 9
→ 𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝒔
2
B) What is the speed of the stone just before it strikes the ground?
Sol:
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡 , 𝑽𝒙 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝒎⁄𝒔
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 10 − 10 × 4.16 = −31.6𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √17.32 + 31.62 = 36𝑚/𝑠

Page 26 of 44
C) What if a horizontal wind is blowing in the same direction as the stone is thrown
and it causes the stone to have a horizontal acceleration component
(𝑎𝑥 = 0.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 )? Which part of this example, (A) or (B), will have a different
answer?
Sol:
Recall that the motions in the x and y directions are independent. Therefore, the
horizontal wind cannot affect the vertical motion. The vertical motion determines
the time of the projectile in the air, so the answer to part (A) does not change. The
wind causes the horizontal velocity component to increase with time, so the final
speed will be larger in part (B). Taking(𝑎𝑥 = 0.5𝑚/𝑠 2 ), we find:
𝑉𝑥𝑓 = 19.4𝑚⁄𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 36.9𝑚/𝑠

Ex) a ball is thrown from the top of a building where (𝑉𝑖 = 12.2𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑅 = 25𝑚 ,
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 53°) how much high is the building?
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 12.2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53 = 7.3 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 12.2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 53 = 9.7 𝑚⁄𝑠
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡 → 25 = 7.3𝑡 → 𝑡 = 3.4 𝑠
∆𝑌 = 9.7 × 3.4 − 5 × (3.4)2 = −24.82 𝑚 = −25 𝑚
𝒉 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎

Page 27 of 44
Ex) A ball is thrown from the top of a building with initial velocity (10 m/s) at an
angle of (37°) above the horizontal. It strikes the ground (3 s) later. Calculate the
maximum height it reaches from the ground (in units of m).
Sol:
From the building to the building:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠 37 = 8 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 37 = 6 𝑚⁄𝑠
0 = 6𝑡 − 5 × (𝑡)2
𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒔
For the maximum height from the building:
1
𝑡= × 1.2 = 0.6 𝑠
2
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
ℎ1 = (6 × 0.6) − 5 × 0.62 = 1.8 𝑚
The height of the building:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
0 − ℎ2 = (6 × 3) − 5 × 32 = −27 𝑚
ℎ2 = 27 𝑚
The maximum height from the ground:

𝒉𝟏 + 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟖 + 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟖 𝒎
‫ر‬
‫❖ بتقدر تحله بأكت من طريقة مختلفة ويمكن أقرص بس أهم ي‬
.‫إش ترسم‬

Page 28 of 44
3.from the top of the building (with the horizontal).

Ex) A ski jumper leaves the ski track moving in the horizontal direction with a
speed of (25.0 m/s) as shown in the Figure. The landing incline below her falls off
with a slope of (35.0°). Where does she land on the incline?

ℎ = |∆𝑌|
∆𝑌 = −
𝑽𝒚𝒊 = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐
𝑽𝒊 = 𝑽𝒙
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = −

Sol:
∆𝑿 = 𝒅 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟓°
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡
𝑑 cos 35° = 25𝑡
𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝒅
𝒕= ⋯ ( 𝟏)
𝟐𝟓
∆𝑌 = 𝑑 sin 35°
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑑 sin 35° = 0 − 5𝑡 2
−(𝒅 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟓°)
𝒕=√ ⋯ (𝟐)
𝟓
Solve (1) and (2):
𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎, 𝑿𝒇 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟖 𝒎, 𝒀𝒇 = −𝟔𝟎. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎

Page 29 of 44
Ex) a ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a building (80 m) Height, the ball
strikes the ground at a point (60 m) away from and below the point of release, what
is the initial speed of the ball?
Sol: ∆𝑌 = −80 𝑚 , ∆𝑋 = 60 𝑚 , 𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
−80 = (0)𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 4𝑠
60
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑉𝑥 = = 15𝑚/𝑠
4

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √𝑉𝑦𝑖 2 + 𝑉𝑥 2 = √02 + 152 = 15𝑚/𝑠

Ex) a stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a building with an initial velocity
(10 m/s). if the stone took 3s to reach the ground what is the height of the building?
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
∆𝑌 = (0) − 5 × 9 = −45 𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝒉 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒎

Ex) a stone is thrown horizontally with (12 m/s) initial velocity from the top of a
(45 m) high building at what distance (R) from the base of the building will the
stone hit the ground?
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
−45 = 0 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 3𝑠
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡
∆𝑋 = 12 × 3 = 36 𝑚

Page 30 of 44
Ex) A stone is thrown horizontally from the edge of the top of a building of
(100 m) height with an initial speed of (30 m/s). What is the distance of the stone
above the ground (in units of m) when its horizontal distance from the building is
(60 m)?
Sol:
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡
60 = 30 × 𝑡 → 𝑡 = 2 𝑠
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑌𝑓 − 100 = 0 − 5 × 4
𝑌𝑓 = 80 𝑚

Ex) A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a building (0.1 km) high. The
ball strikes the ground at a point (65 m) horizontally away from and below the
point of release. What is the speed of the ball just before it strikes the ground
(in units of m/s)?
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
−100 = 0 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 4.47 𝑠
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡
65 = 𝑉𝑥 × 4.47
𝑉𝑥 = 14.5 𝑚/𝑠
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 + 𝒈𝒕
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 0 − 10 × 4.47 = −44.7 𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √𝑉𝑥 2 + 𝑉𝑦𝑓 2 = √14.52 + (−44.7)2 = 47 𝑚/𝑠

Page 31 of 44
Ex) A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a (20 m) high hill. It strikes the
ground at an angle of (45°). With what speed was it thrown (in units of m/s)?
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
−20 = 0 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 2 𝑠
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = 𝑽𝒚𝒊 + 𝒈𝒕
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 0 − 10 × 2 = −20 𝑚/𝑠
20
𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 → 𝑉𝑓 = = 28.28
sin 45°
𝑽𝒙 = 𝑽𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟖 × 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝟓° = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

Ex) An arrow is thrown horizontally toward X at 20 m/s as shown. It hits Y after

0.4 second. What is the distance between X and Y?
A) 1m B) 0.4 m C) 0.1 m D) 0.8m
Sol:
1 2
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
2
∆𝑌 = 0 − 5 × 0.42 = −0.8
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 0.8 𝑚

Page 32 of 44
4.from the top of a building (under the horizontal)
A) with angle.

𝑉𝑥 𝒉 = |∆𝒀|
∆𝒀 = −
ℎ 𝑽𝒚𝒊 = −
𝑉𝑦
𝑽𝒚𝒇 = −

𝑅
Ex) a ball is thrown with an angle 53° under the horizontol from the edge of a
building its with an initial speed of (66.7 𝑚/𝑠) Its hits the ground (40 m) away
from the building find the height of the building.
Sol:
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 66.7 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53 = 40𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 66.7 𝑠𝑖𝑛 53 = −53.3𝑚⁄𝑠
40
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑡 = = 1𝑠
40
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
∆𝑌 = −53.3 − 5 = −58.3 𝑚
𝒉 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟑𝒎

Page 33 of 44
‫‪B) thrown vertically down.‬‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ً‬
‫بالشابت الماض كان اسمه‬ ‫بالشابت الماض؟‬ ‫❖ جوابا لسؤالك شو بتفرق هاي الحالة عن السقوط الحر‬
‫السقوط الحر يعن ربتكه والجاذبية بتسحبه لألسفل )‪ (dropped‬أو ربتم لفوق بتصل رسعته للصفر‬
‫بالشابت هاد إنتا من األعىل بتقذف )‪ (thrown‬الجسم لألسفل مع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وبرجع يتل بسبب الجاذبية أما‬
‫ً‬
‫رسعة إبتدائية سالبة طبعا (وهاي الحالة حركة ف اتجاه واحد وبيج عليها أسئلة والطالب بخربطوا‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫باإلشارات دائما معلومة مطلقة عشان ما رتتدد تسارع الجاذبية األرضية سالب دائما اللعبة إنك تركز‬
‫عىل إشارات اإلزاحة والرسعة صح فقط‪.‬‬
‫‪Ex) an object is thrown vertically down with an initial speed of 10m/s from the‬‬
‫?‪edge of a building 75m height, what is the time it takes to hit the ground‬‬
‫‪Sol:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑠‪−75 = −10𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 3‬‬

‫‪Ex) a stone is thrown vertically down with an initial speed of 10m/s from the edge‬‬
‫‪of a building and reached the ground after 3s, the velocity just before hit the ground‬‬
‫?‪is‬‬
‫‪Sol:‬‬
‫𝑡𝑔 ‪𝑉𝑦𝑓 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 +‬‬
‫𝑠‪𝑉𝑦𝑓 = −10 − 30 = −40𝑚/‬‬

‫❖ مالحظة عىل كل الحاالت‪ :‬يمكن السؤال ما يحكيلك الحالة (من األرض‪ ,‬عن سطح‬
‫ا‬
‫بناية‪,‬الخ‪)..‬يمكن يعطيك الرسعة عىل شكل )‪ (vector‬وأنتا المفروض تعرف مثل‪:‬‬
‫ًً(الحالة األوىل أو الثانية ألنه المركبتي موجبات ً)‪⃗ = 30 𝑖 + 40 j‬‬
‫𝑉ً)‪1‬‬
‫(الحالة الرابعة) 𝑗 ‪⃗ = 30 𝑖 − 40‬‬
‫𝑉 )‪2‬‬
‫(الحالة الثالثة) 𝑖 ‪⃗ = 30‬‬
‫𝑉 )‪3‬‬
‫ً(الحالة الرابعة)ً𝑗 ‪⃗ = −40‬‬
‫𝑉 )‪4‬‬

‫‪Page 34 of 44‬‬
 ⃗ = 40 𝑖 − 53.3 𝑗 𝑚/𝑠 from the
Ex) a ball is thrown with an initial velocity of 𝑉
edge of a building Its hits the grond 40 m away from the building find the height
of the building.
Sol:
40
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑡 = = 1𝑠
40
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
∆𝑌 = −53.3 − 5 = −58.3𝑚 → ℎ = 58.3𝑚

Ex) A stone is thrown vertically down with an initial velocity of 10 m/s from the
edge of a 75-meter-high building. What is the time it takes the stone to hit the
ground?
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
−75 = −10 × 𝑡 − 5𝑡 2
𝑡 =3𝑠

Page 35 of 44
Ex) a football is kicked from the ground towards a building (30m) a way, its hits
the building at point (20m) above the ground if the x-component of the initial
velocity was (30 m/s) what was the y-component of the initial velocity?
#sol:
30
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡 → 𝑡 = = 1𝑠
30
1 y=20m
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
20 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 × 1 − 5 × 1
R=30m
𝑉𝑦𝑖 = 25 𝑚/𝑠

Ex) An airplane flies horizontally with a speed of (300 m/s) at an altitude of

(400 m). What horizontal distance from a target must the pilot release a-bomb to
hit the target (in units of km)?
Sol: 300 m/s

1 2
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑦𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
2
−400 = 0 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 8.944 𝑠
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑥 𝑡
∆𝑋 = 300 × 8.944 = 2683.28 𝑚
∆𝑿 = 𝟐. 𝟕 𝒌𝒎

Page 36 of 44
Ex) at time (t=0s), an object is thrown downward with and initial speed of (40 m/s)
from a height of (50 m) above the ground. At the same instant (t=0s), a second
object is thrown vertically upward from the ground level with a speed of (40 m/s).
the height in meters above the ground at which the two objects will pass each other
is.
Sol:
𝒀𝒇 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒐𝒃𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆

object 1 object 2
𝟏 𝟏
∆𝒀𝟏 = 𝑽𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒈𝒕 ∆𝒀𝟐 = 𝑽𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝑌𝑓 − 50 = −40𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 𝑌𝑓 − 0 = 40𝑡 − 5𝑡 2
𝒀𝒇 = −𝟒𝟎𝒕 − 𝟓𝒕𝟐 + 𝟓𝟎 ⋯ (𝟏) 𝒀𝒇 = 𝟒𝟎𝒕 − 𝟓𝒕𝟐 ⋯ (𝟐)
(2) − (1):
40𝑡 − 5𝑡 2 + 40𝑡 + 5𝑡 2 − 50 = 0
80𝑡 = 50 → 𝑡 = 0.625 𝑠
𝒀𝒇 = −𝟒𝟎𝒕 − 𝟓𝒕𝟐 + 𝟓𝟎 ⋯ (𝟏)
𝒀𝒇 = −𝟒𝟎 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 − 𝟓(𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓)𝟐 + 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟑 𝒎

Page 37 of 44
‫(الحركة الدائرية برسعة ثابتة) ‪4.4 Particle in Uniform Circular Motion.‬‬
‫‪4.5 Tangential and Radial Acceleration.‬‬
‫❖ حرسح شوي عن الموضوعي ألنهم سهالت وتمهيد للحركة الدائرية بالسكند‪.‬‬
‫ن‬
‫❖ بكل بساطة بالحركة الدائرية المنتظمة (الرسعة ثابتة) بينتج التسارع بسبب التغت يف اتجاه الرسعة‬
‫وهاذ اسمه تسارع مركزي‪.‬‬
‫❖ لما تكون الرسعة بتتغتكقيمة (مش ثابتة) بنتج تسارع بسبب تغت قيمة الرسعة اسمه تسارع مماش‬
‫باتجاه الرسعة اللحظية‪( .‬ركز بالصورة)‬

‫𝟐𝑽‬
‫= 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒐 𝒄𝒂 = 𝒏𝒐𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒊𝒅𝒂𝑹‬
‫𝒓‬
‫𝒗𝒅‬
‫= 𝒕𝒂 = 𝒏𝒐𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒏𝒂𝑻‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒕𝒆𝒏 ⃗‬
‫𝒂‬ ‫⃗⃗⃗⃗ ‪𝒂𝒓 +‬‬
‫𝒕𝒂‬
‫𝟐 𝒕 𝒂 ‪⃗ | = √𝒂 𝒓 𝟐 +‬‬
‫𝒂|‬
‫𝟏‬
‫)𝒛𝒉( = 𝒚𝒄𝒏𝒆𝒖𝒒𝒆𝒓𝒇‬
‫𝑻‬
‫𝒓𝝅𝟐‬ ‫𝒓𝝅𝟐‬
‫=𝑽‬ ‫=𝑻→‬
‫𝑻‬ ‫𝑽‬
‫(زمن الدورة الواحدة) ‪T:‬‬

‫‪Page 38 of 44‬‬
Ex) an object moving with constant speed on a circular path has.
A) an outward radial acceleration. ‫ن‬
‫لما تكون الرسعة ثابتة معناها ما يف‬
B) an inward radial acceleration. ‫تغت بقيمة الرسعة بس باالتجاه إذن‬
‫ن‬
‫يف تسارع مركزي اتجاهه للمركز بس‬
C) a constant velocity. ‫ن‬
.‫مماش‬
‫ي‬ ‫ع‬‫تسار‬ ‫ف‬‫ما ي‬
D) zero acceleration.
𝒂𝒕 = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐

Ex) a particle moves at constant speed in a circular path. The instantaneous

velocity and instantaneous acceleration vectors are:
A) both tangent to the circular path. 𝑎𝑡 = 0
B) both perpendicular to the circular path. 𝑉
𝑎𝑟 = 0
C) perpendicular to each other.
D) opposite to each other.
Ex) a car rounds a curve of 20m radius at 20m/s constant speed find its
acceleration.
Sol:
𝑽𝟐
𝒂𝒓 =
𝒓
202
𝑎𝑟 = = 20𝑚/𝑠 2
20
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑎𝑡 → 𝑎 = 20 + 0 = 20 𝑚/𝑠 2

Ex) an object is moving uniformly (‫ )يعنيًسرعةًثابتة‬on a circle of radius 5m if the

particle needs 2s to complete one revolution(‫)دورة‬, what is its acceleration. Sol:
2𝜋𝑟 10𝜋
𝑉= →𝑉= = 15.7𝑚/𝑠
𝑇 2
𝑉2 15.72
𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑎𝑟 = = 49.3𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑟 5
Page 39 of 44
Ex) a car moves in circular path of radius 20m, its speed given by 𝑉 (𝑡) = 2𝑡 2 the
magnitude of its acceleration at t=2s is?
Sol:
𝑑𝑣
𝑎𝑡 = → 𝑎𝑡 = 4𝑡 ,
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑡 (𝑡 = 2𝑠) , 𝑎𝑡 = 8 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑉 (𝑡) = 2𝑡 2 → 𝑉 (2) = 8𝑚/𝑠
𝑉2 82
𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑎𝑟 = = 3.2𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑟 20
|𝑎| = √𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑡 2 → √3.22 + 82 = 0.4𝑚/𝑠 2

Ex) if a car is rotating in a circular path of radius of 100m with constant speed of
(10 m/s), the time required to complete three revolution is.
Sol:
𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝟑 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟔𝝅𝒓
6𝜋𝑟 6 × 3.14 × 100
𝑇= = = 188.4𝑠
𝑣 10

Ex) a car travel counterclockwise around a flat circle of radius (0.25 km) at a
constant speed of (20m/s) when the car is at point (A) as shown what is the car’s
acceleration?
20m/s
north
Sol:
0.25𝑘𝑚 × 1000 = 250𝑚
west East (A)
𝑉2 202
𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑎𝑟 = = 1.6𝑚⁄𝑠 2 , 𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕
𝑟 250
‫ السؤال كلو لف ودوران عالفاض حكالك رسعة ثابتة يعن عندي‬# south

)A( ‫تسارع مركزي اتجاهه نحو المركز والمركز بالنسبة للنقطة‬

.‫) فقط ال غت‬west( ‫إتجاهه‬

Page 40 of 44
Ex) a car travel in horizontal circle of radius (R). at certain instant of time the
velocity of the car is (24 m/s) north and the acceleration of the car has two
components of (2.4 m/s2) east and (1.8m/s2) south what is the radius?
Sol:
𝑉2 242
𝑎𝑟 = →𝑟= = 240𝑚
𝑟 2.4
‫ حكالك إتجاه الرسعة فالتسارع المركزي الزم يكون عمودي عىل الرسعة وعىل التسارع المماش (باتجاه‬#
.)‫ بأسئلة مثل هيك أرسم مثل الدائرة اىل بالسؤال السابق‬+‫المركز‬
ً
Ex) Two cars are traveling around identical circular racetracks. Car A travels at a
Constant speed of (20 m/s). Car B starts at rest and speeds up with constant
tangential acceleration until its speed is (40 m./s). When car B has the same
(tangential) velocity as car A, it is always true that:
A) it is passing car A.
B) it has the same linear (tangential) acceleration as car A.
C) it has the same centripetal acceleration as car A.
D) it has the same total acceleration as car A.
E) it has traveled faither than car A since starting.

Ex) At the lowest point in a vertical dive (R=0.6 km), an airplane has a speed of
(300 km/h) which is not changing. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of
the pilot at this lowest point (in units of m/s).
Sol:
300𝑘𝑚 1ℎ 1000𝑚
𝑉= × × = 83.3333 𝑚/𝑠
ℎ 3600𝑠 1𝑘𝑚
𝑉2 83.33332
𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑎𝑟 = = 11.57 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 , 𝒖𝒑𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅
𝑟 600

Page 41 of 44
Ex) The speed of a particle moving in a circle (2 m) in radius increases at the
constant rate of (4.4 m/s2). At an instant when the magnitude of the total
acceleration is (6 m/s2), what is the speed of the particle (in units of m/s)?
Sol:

|𝑎| = √𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑡 2

6 = √𝑎𝑟 2 + 4.42 → 𝒂𝒓 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟕𝟗 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

𝑉2
𝑎𝑟 =
𝑟
𝑉 = √4.079 × 2 = 2.86 𝑚/𝑠

Ex) A car moves with constant speed around the circle as shown. When it is at
point A its coordinates are (𝑋 = 0 , 𝑌 = 3𝑚), and its velocity is (6 m/s) i, when it
is at point B its acceleration is:
A) (12 𝑖)𝑚/𝑠 2 B) (−12 𝑖)𝑚/𝑠 2 C) (12 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2 D) (−12 𝑗)𝑚/𝑠 2
Sol: 𝑌
𝐴 𝑉
𝑉2
𝑎𝑟 =
𝑟 𝑎𝑟
62 𝐵 𝑋
𝑎𝑟 = = (12 𝑖) 𝑚⁄𝑠 2
3

𝑌
𝑉 𝐴

𝐵 𝑎𝑟

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Ex) A particle moves in the xy plane in a circle centered on the origin. At a certain
instant the velocity and acceleration of the particle are (6 j m/s) and (- 3 i m/s2).
What are the x and y coordinates of the particle at this moment?
Select one:
A) 𝑥 = 0 𝑚 , 𝑦 = −12 𝑚 𝑉
B) 𝑥 = 0 𝑚 , 𝑦 = 12 𝑚
C) 𝑥 = 12 𝑚 , 𝑦 = 0 𝑚 𝑎𝑟
D) 𝑥 = −12 𝑚 , 𝑦 = 0 𝑚 𝑟

Sol:
𝑉2
𝑎𝑟 =
𝑟
62
3= → 𝑟 = 12 𝑚
𝑟

Ex) A car leaves a stop sign and exhibits a constant acceleration of (0.300 m/s2)
parallel to the roadway. The car passes over a rise in the roadway such that the top
of the rise is shaped like an arc of a circle of radius (500 m). At the moment the
car is at the top of the rise, its velocity vector is horizontal and has a magnitude of
(6.00 m/s). What are the magnitude and direction of the total acceleration vector
for the car at this instant?
Sol:
𝑉2 62
𝑎𝑟 = → 𝑎𝑟 = = 0.072 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑟 500
|𝑎| = √𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑡 2

√0.32 + 0.0722 = 0.3085 𝑚/𝑠 2

𝒂𝒓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟐
𝝓 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) = − 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓°
𝒂𝒕 𝟎. 𝟑

Page 43 of 44
 ‫ر‬
‫ بالتوفيق للجميع يا رب‬4 ‫شابت‬ ‫❖ وهيك بكون خلص‬
‫ن‬
. ‫مع‬
‫ي‬ ‫تواصلوا‬ ‫مالحظات‬ ‫أي‬ ‫❖ إذا ي‬
‫ف‬
‫ر‬
.‫استطاعن إن شاء هللا‬ ‫❖ قروب الفيس بوك بساعدك فيه عىل قدر‬
‫ي‬

❖ Facebook group, copy the link:

https://web.facebook.com/groups/616083302254126/?ref=gs&f
ref=gs&dti=1043265349387755&hc_location=group

:‫❖ للتدريس الخاص‬

❖ Facebook: Mohammad Y Rawashdeh
❖ph. Number: 0797973884

Page 44 of 44