REVIEW QUESTIONS (see page 176 for answers) FILL IN THE BLANK OR MATCH THE LETTER WITH THE WORD. 1A cockpit allows water to escape overboard, either by way of scuppers or a walk- through transom. 2A used to adjust tension in standing rigging cables. 3 When going forward on the sidedeck, itis safer to walk along the of the boat. 4 Cleaning supplies, fenders, a boathook, spare lines, and even extra sails can be stowed in the 5 If the wheel-steering system fails, then an may be fitted to the rudder post to allow steering to resume. 6 The space beneath the cabin sole is called the where water may accumulate at the lowest point, 7 To prevent accidental leaks due to hose failure, itis good practice to close all _ when leaving the boat unattended. 8 Type “B” fire extinguishers are used to combat _based fires. 9 Most sailboat electrical fixtures such as lights and pumps run on volts power, which is provided by the house__. 10 When connected to__(110volts AQ), the battery voltage is maintained using a battery While motoring, the engine-mounted ___charges the batteries. 11 The battery switch is usually a dial-type fixture that allows a choice to be made between house and battery banks. 12. Apre-departure on-deck inspection should include looking for missing cotter_ 13 Once the auxiliary engine is started, itis important to check that_is flowing out of the outlet. 14 Adiesel engine is stopped by shutting off the ____ supply. 15 When shifting from forward to reverse gear (or vice versa) its critical to pausein__fora second or two to allow the engine to return to idle speed. 16 The flow of water pushed by a propeller is called prop 17 The tendency of the stern of a boat to be pushed sideways when the engine is in reverse gear is called prop z 18 With the engine in reverse gear, a right-handed propeller will likely cause the stern to walk to 19 A vessel with divers in the water may display eithera flag (red with diagonal white stripe) or International Code flag (vertical white and blue swallowtail).REVIEW QUESTIONS «45 For Questions 20 and 21, identify the named parts with the lettered items in the diagrams: 20 Exterior 21 Interior Turbuckle Cockpit sole Galley Quarter berth Chainplate ‘Companionway ‘Saloon Portlight: Toerail Primary winch Chart table Cocker “Flatch Binnacle Werth Cabin sole ‘Cockpit coaming “Stemhead fitting Head Question 20 (upper) Question 21 (lower)REVIEW QUESTIONS (see page 176 for answers) FILL IN THE BLANK OR MATCH THE LETTER WITH THE WORD 1 The has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the and passengers. 2Asafety may be made of webbing or line and has a clip on either end, One end commonly attaches to a safety worn by the crew, the other end is secured to a strong pad-eye or 3 Itis advisable to wear a life jacket in the following situations (name at least three): 4 Other than the federally required items, ASA recommends the following additional equipment be carried on board (name at least 10): 5 The amount of oil in the auxiliary lean, then reinserting and removing again to check the level. may be checked by withdrawing the wiping it 6 The raw-water__helps prevent grass, seaweed, and other undesirable debris from entering theengine’s____ system. 7 Tohelp prevent diesel fuel spills, it is better to fillthe tank _ 8Itisillegaltodump____ anywhere in the ocean or inland waters. a Plastic b Engine Oil ¢ Diesel Fuel dAllof the above 9 Small items of food waste, paper, and glass may legally be discharged if the vessel is more than miles offshore. 10 Most water-heater appliances have two ways of heating water: either from the engine's__ system orfrom____ electricity. 11 Amarine toilet must be connectedtoa_____device, which on most boats isa___ tank. 12Ways to reduce weather helm and excessive heeling include: (name at least three): 13 Tightening the decreases the or “belly” of the mainsail. 14 One way twist in the jib can be adjusted is with the position of the jibsheet car. If the jib has too, much twist, move the car Ifit needs more twist, move the car_. ‘15 When reefing the mainsail while under way, itis better to keep the boat moving on a point of sailREVIEW QUESTIONS, 16 When reefing the mainsail, once the new _1__isestablished, take up the _2 again until the luffis tight, then establish the new _3__ a Halyard bTack ¢Clew 17 Itis easier to reef or furl the roller-furling jib while on a point of sail. 18 Once the jib is reefed, the jibsheet car (if equipped) should be moved to maintain balanced tension in the leech and foot. 19 When heaving-to, the back-winded__1__ and leeward-positioned__2__are in opposition, causing the boat to sail very slowly with the wind just forward of the __3__ . Whena sailboat with wheel steering is hove-to, the wheel would be turned fully to_4 @ Mainsail b Windward Jib dBeamREVIEW QUESTIONS (see page 176 for answers) FILL IN THE BLANK OR MATCH THE LETTER WITH THE WORD. 11 A vessel is considered to be overtaking another if it is approaching from within an arc of up to 22.5 degrees abaft (behind) the on either side of the vessel being overtaken. This total arc of 135 degrees fills the same sector as the light. 2 Under the US Inland Rules of Navigation, some sound signals (whistle blasts) are used to signal and requirea 3 Ina situation where two power-driven vessels are crossing, one short whistle blast means “I intend toleave you on my side. In an overtaking situation, one short whistle blast means “I intend to. you on your starboard side.” 4 if a vessel operating in Inland Waters does not agree or understand the intent of another vessel, then it would sound short whistle blasts. Three (3) short whistle blasts means “I am engaging gear.” 5 Hoisting a will increase the likelihood of being "seen" by a vessel equipped with radar. 6 Asailing vessel under way at night or in restricted visibility must display lights, which are red and green in color, plusa stern light, which is in color. 7 The color on the top of a horizontally striped red and green beacon or buoy indicates on which side to leave that mark in order to stay in the _channel. 8 When steering a vessel using a compass, the intended direction is called the__and the. direction the boats actually pointing is calledthe___. 9 The difference between the True and Magnetic direction is called_. The difference between the Magnetic and direction is called deviation. 10 Items that may cause interference with the proper functioning of the compass include (name at least three) 11 Adistance of one nautical mile is equal to one__1_of latitude. One degree of latitude is equal to__2 nautical miles. Speed units are usually expressed in__3_, which means “nautical miles per hour." Time units are expressed in__4__ when using the equation Distance = Speed x Time. a Sixty (60) b Hours ¢ Knots d MinuteREVIEW QUESTIONS, 12 Important considerations for selecting an anchorage include:__1__ from wind and waves, 2 _ room soas to not bump other boats, __3_ type appropriate for the boat's ground tackle, and acceptable total__4_ including any changes in tidal height. a Depth b Bottom Swinging d Protection 13 To confirm an anchor has set properly, one can observe the anchor _1__for tautness and lack of vibration. Looking __2 _ata__3_ of two aligned stationary objects can provide additional confirmation of a well-set anchor. a Rode b Range Abeam 14 The first response to be taken to correct a dragging anchor is to increase the a Depth bTide € Scope d Size of the anchor 15 As the anchor is being raised with power assist from the engine, the foredeck crew should point the direction of the anchor rode, so the helmsman knows which way to. 16 When parallel docking, it _____ the wind, if possible. preferable to bring the boat alongside the dock while heading 17A line is usually the first to be secured when docking, and last to be cast off when departing the dock. ‘18 For safety reasons, crew should never use their. or. to fend the boat off. Instead, should be used in between the boat and the dock or piling, etc. 19 When anchoring or mooring, the best way to communicate between the foredeck and helm is through the use of prearranged 1g I |164 REVIEW QUESTIONS (see page 176 for answers) FILL IN THE BLANK OR MATCH THE LETTER WITH THE WORD 1 Most cruising sailboats carry a radio, which can be used not only for emergencies or routine communication with other stations, but also to receive local forecasts, 2 A significant weather threat faced by sailors is the summer. quickly and be accompanied by high and intense rain. can develop relatively 3 Fog often occurs when itis hot and ashore and the water temperature is 4 The greatest tidal range is usually observed d ornew. fides, when the moon is either 5 As the tide comes in (tide height goes from low to high), a current may be generated, depending upon local geography. When the tide is going out, it is called an__2 _current. If no currentis flowing, itis said tobe _3__ water. a Ebb b Flood «Slack 6 When sailing in a current, the direction the current is flowing is called and the drift is the _____ of the current. 7 If the boat runs aground, the first action to be taken is to__sheetsf sailing, or shift the engineto___if under power. 8A_____isaportable anchor that can be used to help haul a boat off a grounding, 9 If the boat has a leak, the first action to be taken is to determine the__of the leak. It may be necessary to operate the bilge while the leak is stemmed. 10 Ifthe propeller becomes fouled, itis important to immediately shift the engine to__and stop it. 11 Ifa shroud or stay fails, the most important thing is to keep the standing upright by removing any strain and providing additional support, perhaps with a spare if available. 12 Name at least three (3) potential sources of fire or explosion on board a sailboat with an auxiliary engine: 13 One major benefit of using the Quick Stop man-overboard recovery method is that the boat stays to the MOB. 14 Using the Quick Stop recovery method, the first maneuver (after deploying flotation and assigning a spotter) is to the boat, leaving the secured (on its cleat or self-tailing winch) so that. the jib is backwinded after the tack. 15 AMOB in cold water should assume the position so as to minimize loss of body heat.REVIEW QUESTIONS 16 A person suffering from Stage 2 (Medium) Hypothermia should be treated by (True or False) - Removing wet clothing - Massaging arms and legs ~ Covering head and body with blankets; add body heat from another person - Administering fluids, including alcohol 17 When planning a passage, problems with the vessel. important to identify alternative in case of poor weather or 18 Nameat least five (5) items of information that should be included in a skipper's pre-cruise and safety briefing to crew and passengers:166 APPENDIX FEDERAL EQUIPMENT CARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS Federal law requites all vessels to carry certain safety equipment and meet other regulations. These pages describe the requirements for recreational vessels. likely to be used by ASA103 graduates. BOAT REGISTRATION Allstatesin the US require boats powered by machinery tobe registered ‘withthe state but vay in their requirements for sll, oar, and paddle- powered boats. When in us, a registered boat must have the registration certificate on board, REGISTRATION NUMBERS State-registered boats must have the registration number affixed to each side ‘of the forward part ofthe hull in plain block characters at least 3 inches high in ‘a color that contrasts with the color of the hull. The state validation sticker must be affixed within 6 inches of the registration number. DOCUMENTATION Vessels of greater than 5 “net register tons’ may be documented with the USCG. A documented vessel must have its Official Number permanently atached ‘tothe interior structure in numbers at least 3 inches high and must display its name and hailing port on the transom in characters atleast 4 inches high. Documentation papers must be caried aboard. (Sailboats less than 30 feet long don't usually qualify for documentation) ‘Most states require documented vessels to also be state registered. Some also require them to display the state numbers and/or validation sticker. PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES All vessels must carry one USCG- approved Type | Type I, or Type Ill PFD (life jacket foreach person on board. A ‘Type V PFD must be worn tobe included inthe count. The PFDs must be in good condition and readily available (and not stored in ‘unopened packaging). PFDs must be properly sized to their wearers, especially children. Boats over 16 feet long must also carry Type IV throwable PFD which must be immediately avallabe, VISUAL DISTRESS SIGNALS All vessels must carry day signals with the ‘exception of boats less than 16 eet in length and open sailboats less than 26 feet in length and with no engine. ‘Acceptable day signals are an orange distress flag, three hand-held or floating orange-smoke signals, or three ‘combination day/night red flares (which may be hand-held, parachute-type, or meteor flares). All vessels must carry night signals ‘when operating between sunset and sunrise. Three combination day/night red flares fulfil this requirement Pyrotechnic devices (smoke and flares) must be within the expiration dates printed on them, FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Essentially, any boat that has an inboard ‘engine or caries fuel for an outboard ‘engine and has closed compartments must carry fire extinguishers. The required type offre extinguisher is B, which is capable of extinguishing flammable liquids. The number and size vary with the length ofthe boat. ‘Note: A USCG Bis equivalent to an Underwriters Laboratories (UL rating of 5-8: aBlliseqivalent toa UL 10-B<. SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES All vessels over 12 meters (39-4feet) in length must be equipped with a whistle (as defined in the Navigation Rules) and 2 bell for producing sound signals required under the Navigation Rules. Vessels under 12 meters must be able ‘to produce “an efficient sound signal ‘and that need can be satisfied with an air hom or a mouth-blown whistle or horn, Abell is not required on vessels under 20meters (656 fet) on US inland Waters. NAVIGATION LIGHTS Allvessels must be able to display navigation lights between sunset and. sunrise and in conditions of reduced visibility as required under the Navigation Rules (see page 91). PLACARDS Boats over 26 feet must display a “Discharge of Oil Prohibited" placard and ‘a "MARPOL (Marine Pollution) placard printed with the Rules for the Discharge of Garbage at Sea. Boats 40 feet and over ‘must also display a written waste- ‘management plan. MARINE SANITATION DEVICE Any installed marin toilet must be connected toa USCG-approved Marine Sanitation Device (MSD). Any overboard discharge outlet must be capable of being sealed. NAVIGATION RULES Boats 12 meters (394 feet) and over must carry a copy of the Navigation Rules. STATE REGULATIONS States have their own supplemental regulations which must be met before the state will issue avalidation sticker. ENFORCEMENT The US Coast Guard and other law- enforcement agencies can stop and board a recreational craft at willin order toperform a compliance inspection. A deficiency can result in a penalty COURTESY INSPECTION ‘The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary and the US Power Squadron perform courtesy inspections at the request of boat owners to help them comply with the regulations.me CN aes eA NCS ag Huloumbes + ceria REGISTRATION AND NUMBERS ras mm 1 vasenay Hulounbes + ceria Or mm 5 AMOBr Hulounters + ce OR + documentation ruber APPENDIX ca =m 5 AMoBy ul uners+ eo + documentation ruber (if documented) (ifdocumented) is BE mse S Pia Sea Rear Beata tipen [Reta pen | acon pen $a] ay pats B<« <8 < -3smnoke or day/night ares 3 smoke or day/night flares | 3 smoke or day/ night flares TREN — Pat aa = mm | an as ee | iit, ij 361 w1BI4 18 Navigation igs recommended | masthead ight masthead igh rsa Sag =a (MARINE SANITATION ‘Not usually installed “Type, Typell or Type it Type, Typell or Type il Typel,Typell, or Type 167168 GASOLINE SAFETY Gasoline engines are rarely installed in new sailboats but many exist in old ones. Because of the explosion potential inherent in the fuel, gasoline installations ‘must meet federal regulations. Otherwise, most ofthe service requitements —oll, cooling, exhaust — are similar to those for diesel engines. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Gasoline and air can form an explosive mixture, which can be ignited with a spark or aflame. Gasoline fumes are heavier than air. If they enter a boat, or are released inside it, they wil setle ‘toward the bilge. Boats have many electrical devices. I Improperly maintained, some of them ‘ean create a spark. Many simple switches spark every time they are operated, ‘These ever-present hazards make it ‘crucial that fuel or fumes are prevented from getting into the boat, which means taking extra precautions when working ‘on the engine and when fueling Your best early-warning system for fumes is your nose so, whenever opening upa gas-powered sailboat, give a good sniff inside. Ifyou smell gasoline, before ‘operating any other electrical device or switch, activate the bilge blower and let itrun for 10 minutes. that does not clear the fumes look for fuel that might have spilled due toa faulty hose or loose ‘connection, STARTING A GASOLINE ENGINE In most respects, the procedure for starting an inboard gasoline engine is the ‘same as that for a diesel engine, but with ‘one or two significant differences. couple of minutes before stating a ‘gasoline engine, the bilge blower should be turned on. This ensures no gasoline fumes ae lingering inthe vicinity ofthe starter motor, which can cause a spark (its also a good idea to open the engine ‘compartment and give it the sniff test) ‘As with the diesel, check that the ‘gearshift isin neutral and advance the throttle a short way. ‘A gasoline engine has no glow plug, butit does have a choke, so the next step isto pul out the choke. Turn on the ignition key, then turn tto the start postion, just asin a car. [As soon as the engine fires and ‘catches, release the ignition key Let the engine run fora short while with the choke out, then ease the choke Into the running position. Check that cooting water is coming out of the exhaust. Let the engine warm up for afew minutes before putting tin gear. Tostop the engine, tu offthe ignition. Let the bilge blower run for about five minutes to purge the engine ‘compartment of any lingering furs. FUELING WITH GASOLINE ‘When it's time to refuel, once the boat is secured atthe fuel dock, send the crew ashore, extinguish all open flames, turn offall electrical devices, and tum off the battery switch to eliminate the chance of ‘an electrical spark. Close the portights, hatches, and companionway. Locate the fuel-fil plate. willbe labeled "Gas" or “Gasoline.” Be very, very ‘careful not to put gasoline in any other