Pump Sizing Calculation Spreadsheet
Pump Sizing Calculation Spreadsheet
PHSE/CTR
ACTIVITY
PROJECT CALC No.
SUBJECT SHEET OF
PATH
Suction Conditions
Press. at Liquid Surface 1.013 bara
Static Head 0.12 bar 1.5 m
Equipment Press. Drop 0 bar 0.0 m
Line / Fittings Press. Drop 0 bar 0.0 m Use Liquid Line Sizing Spreadsheet
Design Suction Pressure 1.130 bara 14.5 m
NPSH
Design Suction Pressure 1.13 bara 14.5 m
Max Vapour Pressure 0.010 bara 0.1 m
NPSH Available 1.12 bar 14.4 m
Design Margin 0.00 bar 0.6 m
Design NPSH Available 1.12 bar 13.8 m
Discharge Conditions
Discharge Fluid Density @ T 1000 kg/m3
Equipment Press. Drop 0 bar 0.0 m
Flow Element Press. Drop 0 bar 0.0 m
Line / Fittings Press. Drop 0.33 bar 4.2 m Use Liquid Line Sizing Spreadsheet
Control Valve Allowance 0 bar 0.0 m
Design Margin, Head 0 bar 0.0 m
Press. at Liquid Surface 1.013 bara 13.0 m
Static Head 0.98 bar 10 m
Design Discharge Pressure 2.324 bara 29.9 m
Pump Specifications
Differential Pressure / Head 1.19 bar 15.4 m
Flowrate 33 m3/h
Hydraulic Power 1.1 kW
Estimated Efficiency 75 % (assume 75 % for centifugal, 90% for reciprocating)
Estimated Power 1.5 kW
BASIS
The following definition formed the basis for the pump calculation:
1. Total Suction Head, HD is defined as the suction vessel/reservoir pressure head (HSP) plus the static
suction head (HSS) minus the friction head in the suction line (HSF)
i.e.
HS = HSP + HSS - HSF
2. Total Discharge Head (HD) is defined as the discharge vessel/reservoir pressure head (HDP) plus the
static discharge head (HDS) plus the total friction head in the discharge line (HDF)
i.e.
HD = HDP + HDS + HDF
3. The Net Positive Suction Head Available (NPSHA) is defined as the suction vessel/reservoir pressure
head, plus the static suction head minus the vapor pressure minus the suction friction head
i.e.
NPSHa = HSP + HSS - HVP - HSF
It can also be expressed as the Total suction Head minus the Vapor Pressure
i.e.
NPSHa = HD - HVP
4. Total Differential Head/System Head (H) is defined as the total discharge head minus the total static head
i.e.
H = HD - HS
5. Static Suction Head, HSS is defined as the head resulting from elevation of the liquid relative to the pump
center line. If the liquid level is above pump centerline, HSS is positive. If the liquid level is below pump
centerline, HSS is negative. Negative HSS condition is commonly denoted as a “suction lift” condition
6. Static Discharge Head, HDS is defined as the vertical distance in between the pump centerline and
the point of free discharge or the surface of the liquid in the discharge tank.
7. Friction Head is the head required to overcome the resistance to flow in the pipe and fittings
It is dependent upon the size, condition and type of pipe, number and type of pipe and fittings,
flow rate, and nature of the liquid.
CALCULATION
V 1273 . 23
0 . 277778 Q
D2
Re 1000
V D
v
where Re = Renolds Number (dimensionless)
D= Internal Diameter of pipe in mm
V= Velocity in m/s
v = Viscosity in cSt
If the Reynolds number is below 2000 than the flow is said to be in a laminar regime. If the Reynolds
number is above 4000 the regime is turbulent. If it is between 2000 and 4000, it is in transition regime/flow.
If the flow is laminar then the friction parameter f is calculated with the laminar flow
64
f
Re
If the flow is turbulent then the friction parameter f depends on the absolute roughness of the pipe inner
wall. Hence the friction parameter is calculated based on the Swamee-Jain equation
0.25
f 2
5.74
log 10 3.7 D
Re 0.9
where f = Friction Parameter/Factor
Absolute Roughness of pipe, taken as 0.00015ft(0.05mm) for carbon steel
The general equation for pressure drop due to friction is the Darcy-Weisbach, where the pressure drop
per unit length is expressed as
Pf V2
10 5 f
L D 2g
Therefore
V2
F f ( mfluid ) K
2g
SG H
P
10 . 197
where P= Pressure in bara
SG = Specific Gravity
H= Height of fluid in m
Pump Efficiency
The pump efficiency is calculated as
0 .8
Eff 1 0 .25 100
Q
where Eff = Pump Efficiency %
Q = Flowrate in gallons per minute (GPM)
Power
The work performed by a pump is a function of the total head and the weight of the liquid pumped in
a given time period.
Pump output or hydraulic or water horsepower (WHP) is the liquid horsepower delivered by the pump and
is expressed
SG Q H
WHP
3960
where WHP = Water horsepower or Hydraulic power in hp
SG = Specific gravity
Q = Flowrate in GPM
∆H = Total Differential head in ft
Pump input or brake horsepower (BHP) is the actual horsepower delivered to the pump shaft.
SG Q H
BHP
3960 Eff
Q P 100
BHP
Eff 36
REFERENCES
1. Engineering Data Book (Gas Processors Suppliers Association) 11th Edition.
2. Fluide Desiging Inc. Centrifugal Pumps System, Jacques Chaurette p.eng. 2005.
3. API 674 - Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating, 2nd edition,June 1995.
4. Crane Co. Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe, Metric Edition-SI Units
ATTACHMENTS
Appendix I - Pump Sizing Spreadsheet
Appendix II - Graph of K factor for valves and fittings
Appendix III - Assumption for K factor
COMPANY LOGO Revision: 1.0
Date: 28-Feb-11
International Energy Services Limited Issued by:
Client: BW Offshore Checked by:
Project: Etan FPSO Approved by:
GENERAL DATA
Equipment Number 51PA001A/B/C 44PA
Fluid Pumped sand jetting Sewater produced water pump
Pump Type Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Duty 3 X 50% 3 X 100% 3 X 50%
SUCTION CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 29998.77 87034.45 29998.26
m3/hr 198.72 576.54 198.72
m3/s 0.06 0.16 0.06
Fluid Temperature, T °C 40 27.07 42.03
°F 104.00 80.73 107.65
Viscosity cP 0.65 0.85 0.62
Cst 0.670 0.846 0.630
Specific Gravity 0.996 1.005 0.994
Vapour Pressure bara 1.030 0.043 1.03
psia 14.94 0.62 14.94
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.80 9.80 9.80
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 5.49 10.09 5.49
m/s 1.67 3.08 1.67
Renolds Number - 511694.11 936188.56 544173.36
Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - GRE GRE Carbon Steel
Pipe Specification - 8-SCH 30 10-SCH 30 8-SCH 30
Nominal Diameter mm 203.2 254 203.2
Internal Diameter mm 205.0 257.5 205.0
m 0.21 0.26 0.21
ft 0.00015 0.00015 0.00015
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Suction Pipe Length m 30.48 30.48 30.48
DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 29997.26 87034.45 29998.26
m3/hr 198.71 576.54 198.716613672496
gal/min 874.89 2538.43 874.92
Fluid Temperature, T °C 40 27.07 42.05
°F 104.00 80.73 107.69
Viscosity cP 0.65 0.850 0.63
Cst 0.670 0.849 0.640
Specific Gravity 0.996 1.005 0.995
Vapour Pressure bara 1.030 0.04 1.03
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.80 9.80 9.80
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 5.486 15.918 9.716
m/s 1.672 4.852 2.961
Renolds Number 511668.36 1171561.95 712843.82
Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - GRE Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
Pipe Specification - 8-SCH 30 8-SCH 30 6-SCH 40
Nominal Diameter mm 203.2 203.2 152.4
Internal Diameter mm 205.0 205.0 154.1
ft 0.00015 0.00015 0.00015
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Discharge Pipe Length m 30.48 16.043 30.48
INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER
Suction Surface Pressure Head HSP m 0.000 30.439 30.776
Suction Friction Head HSF m 0.114 1.488 0.193
Discharge Surface Pressure Head HDP m 76.785 55.804 56.365
Discharge Friction Head HDF m 0.363 3.217 2.133
RESULTS
Total Suction Head, HS m 7.734 36.951 33.583
Total Discharge Head, HD m 87.148 69.022 68.498
Differential Head m 94.882 32.071 34.916
Differential Pressure bar 9.268 3.161 3.407
Total Discharge Pressure bar 8.512 6.803 6.684
NPSHa m -2.81 36.51 23.02
Pump Efficiency % 85.29 88.73 85.29
Hydraulic Power hp 68.50 67.79 25.18
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) hp 80.32 76.40 29.50
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) kW 59.07 56.19 21.69
NOTES
1. K values for valves and fittings is based on P&IDs and Piping Isometrics
2. Suction and discharge piping length is based on Piping Isometrics.
GENERAL DATA
Equipment Number P-101A/B P-102A/B P-103A/B
Fluid Pumped Feed Pump Distillate Discharge Pump Bottom Pump
Pump Type Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Duty 2 X 100% 2 X 100% 2 X 100%
SUCTION CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 25,670.00 18,441.22 7,289.44
m3/hr 170.05 122.16 48.29
m3/s 0.05 0.03 0.01
Fluid Temperature, T °C 25.00 141.43 182.42
°F 77.00 286.58 360.35
Viscosity cP 0.59 0.17 0.14
Cst 0.68 0.23 0.20
Specific Gravity 0.87 1.01 1.01
Vapour Pressure bara 0.11 0.15 0.18
psia 1.58 2.18 2.61
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.81 9.81 9.81
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 2.15 2.19 2.36
m/s 0.65 0.67 0.72
Reynolds Number - 291,578.33 738,613.41 542,707.12
Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - Mild Steel Mild Steel Mild Steel
Pipe Specification - 12-SCH 40 10-SCH 40 6-SCH 40
Nominal Diameter mm 304.80 254.00 152.40
Internal Diameter mm 303.23 254.51 154.05
m 0.30 0.25 0.15
ft 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Suction Pipe Length m 29.53 29.53 29.53
bara
Friction losses due to Equipment on the line 0.00 0.00 0.00
psia 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pressure Headloss due to Equipment m 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Losses in pipes and fittings m 0.02 0.07 0.12
DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 25,670.00 18,441.22 7,289.44
m3/hr 170.05 122.16 48.29
gal/min 748.71 537.87 212.61
Fluid Temperature, T °C 25.28 141.64 182.96
°F 77.50 286.96 361.32
Viscosity cP 0.59 0.17 0.14
Cst 0.68 0.90 0.20
Specific Gravity 0.87 0.74 0.70
Vapour Pressure bara 0.11 0.15 0.18
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.81 9.81 9.81
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 8.31 5.97 5.36
m/s 2.53 1.82 1.63
Renolds Number 575,252.86 312,323.49 820,762.13
Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - Mild Steel Mild Steel Mild Steel
Pipe Specification - 6-SCH 40 6-SCH 40 4-SCH 40
Nominal Diameter mm 152.40 152.40 101.60
Internal Diameter mm 154.05 154.05 102.26
ft 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Discharge Pipe Length m 10.00 10.00 12.00
INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER
Suction Vessel Pressure Head HSP m 11.85 48.65 50.68
Suction Friction Head HSF m 0.02 0.07 0.12
Discharge Vessel Pressure Head HDP m 58.47 103.95 169.93
Discharge Friction Head HDF m 0.83 0.45 0.92
RESULTS
Total Suction Head, HS m 17.86 49.58 51.56
Total Discharge Head, HD m 61.30 122.40 176.84
Differential Head m 79.16 72.82 125.28
Differential Pressure bar 6.77 5.25 8.63
Total Discharge Pressure bar 5.24 8.83 12.18
NPSHa m 16.59 48.06 49.74
Pump Efficiency % 84.71 83.39 79.05
Hydraulic Power hp 42.82 23.87 15.49
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) hp 50.54 39.15 28.08
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) kW 37.18 28.79 20.66
NOTES
GENERAL DATA
SUCTION CONDITIONS
DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER
RESULTS
NOTES
APPENDIX I
PUMP SIZING SPREADSHEET
APPENDIX II
GRAPH OF K FACTOR FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS
COMPANY LOGO Revision: 1.0
Date: 28-Feb-11
International Energy Services Limited Issued by:
Client: BW Offshore Checked by:
Project: Etan FPSO Approved by:
GENERAL DATA
Equipment Number 51PA008A/B/C 51PA001A/B/C 44PA
Fluid Pumped WI BOOSTER Sewater produced water pump
Pump Type Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Duty 3 X 50% 3 X 100% 3 X 50%
SUCTION CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 50000.00 87034.45 29998.26
m3/hr 331.21 576.54 198.72
m3/s 0.09 0.16 0.06
Fluid Temperature, T °C 27.06 27.07 42.03
°F 80.71 80.73 107.65
Viscosity cP 0.85 0.85 0.62
Cst 0.898 0.846 0.630
Specific Gravity 1.005 1.005 0.994
Vapour Pressure bara 0.043 0.043 1.03
psia 0.62 0.62 14.94
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.80 9.80 9.80
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 5.40 9.41 6.15
m/s 1.65 2.87 1.87
Renolds Number - 489117.81 903734.02 576003.04
Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - GRE GRE Carbon Steel
Pipe Specification - 12-SCH 140 12-SCH 140 8-SCH 80
Nominal Diameter mm 304.8 304.8 203.2
Internal Diameter mm 266.7 266.7 193.7
m 0.27 0.27 0.19
ft 0.00015 0.00015 0.00015
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Suction Pipe Length m 30.48 30.48 30.48
DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 87034.45 87034.45 29998.26
m3/hr 576.54 576.54 198.716613672496
gal/min 2538.43 2538.43 874.92
Fluid Temperature, T °C 27.07 27.07 42.05
°F 80.73 80.73 107.69
Viscosity cP 0.919 0.850 0.63
Cst 0.898 0.849 0.640
Specific Gravity 1.005 1.005 0.995
Vapour Pressure bara 0.043 0.04 1.03
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.80 9.80 9.80
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 10.328 13.544 10.769
m/s 3.148 4.128 3.282
Renolds Number 892187.71 1080648.74 750459.61
Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - GRE Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
Pipe Specification - 10-SCH 40 10-SCH 140 6-SCH 80
Nominal Diameter mm 254.0 254.0 152.4
Internal Diameter mm 254.5 222.3 146.3
ft 0.00015 0.00015 0.00015
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Discharge Pipe Length m 30.48 16.043 30.48
INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER
Suction Surface Pressure Head HSP m 0.000 30.439 30.776
Suction Friction Head HSF m 0.110 1.292 0.243
Discharge Surface Pressure Head HDP m 76.097 76.097 56.365
Discharge Friction Head HDF m 1.284 2.328 2.621
RESULTS
Total Suction Head, HS m 7.730 37.147 33.533
Total Discharge Head, HD m 87.381 88.425 68.986
Differential Head m 95.111 51.278 35.453
Differential Pressure bar 9.374 5.054 3.459
Total Discharge Pressure bar 8.612 8.715 6.732
NPSHa m 7.29 36.71 22.97
Pump Efficiency % 88.73 88.73 85.29
Hydraulic Power hp 201.03 108.38 25.57
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) hp 130.16 122.15 29.95
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) kW 95.73 89.84 22.03
NOTES
1. K values for valves and fittings is based on P&IDs and Piping Isometrics
2. Suction and discharge piping length is based on Piping Isometrics.
COMPANY LOGO Revision: 1.0
Date: 28-Feb-11
International Energy Services Limited Issued by:
Client: BW Offshore Checked by:
Project: Etan FPSO Approved by:
GENERAL DATA
Equipment Number 40 GX 403A/B 40 GX 340A/B 46 GX 412A/B/C
Fluid Pumped Recovered Oil Produced Water Treated Water (To FSO)
Pump Type Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Duty 2 X 100% 2 X 100% 3 X 50%
SUCTION CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 10567.20 10869.12 40306.32
m3/hr 70 72 267
m3/s 0.02 0.02 0.07
Fluid Temperature, T °C 98 56 100
°F 208.40 132.80 212.00
Viscosity cP 0.13 0.492 0.27
Cst 0.016 0.499 0.267
Specific Gravity 0.816 1.012 1.012
Vapour Pressure bara 1.306 0.18 1.03
psia 18.94 2.58 14.94
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.80 9.80 9.80
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 1.93 3.52 4.57
m/s 0.59 1.07 1.39
Renolds Number - 7580513.89 331003.70 1359479.19
Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
Pipe Specification - 8-SCH 30 6-SCH 40 10-SCH 20
Nominal Diameter mm 203.2 152.4 254
Internal Diameter mm 205.0 154.1 260.4
m 0.21 0.15 0.26
ft 0.00015 0.00015 0.00015
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Suction Pipe Length m 11.161 9.268 23.409
DISCHARGE CONDITIONS
FLUID DATA
Flowrate, Q barrel/day 10567.20 10869.12 38796.72
m3/hr 70 72 257
Fluid Temperature, T °C 98 56 100
°F 208.40 132.80 212.00
Viscosity cP 0.13 0.492 0.27
Cst 0.016 0.499 0.267
Specific Gravity 0.816 1.012 1.012
Vapour Pressure bara 1.306 0.17 1.03
Acceleration due to gravity, g m/s2 9.80 9.80 9.80
ft/s2 32.15 32.15 32.15
Average Fluid Velocity ft/s 7.767 7.989 4.400
m/s 2.367 2.435 1.341
Renolds Number 15196802.69 498643.17 1308562.37
Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow Turbulent Flow
PIPE DATA
Pipe Material - Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
Pipe Specification - 4-SCH 40 4-SCH 40 10-SCH 20
Nominal Diameter mm 101.6 101.6 254.0
Internal Diameter mm 102.3 102.3 260.4
ft 0.00015 0.00015 0.00015
Pipe Absolute Roughness
mm 0.05 0.05 0.05
Discharge Pipe Length m 38.995 16.043 43127
INTERMEDIATE PARAMETER
Suction Surface Pressure Head HSP m 49.985 18.137 41.211
Suction Friction Head HSF m 0.014 0.181 10.209
Discharge Surface Pressure Head HDP m 148.706 103.784 102.776
Discharge Friction Head HDF m 0.739 0.815 12.680
RESULTS
Total Suction Head, HS m 50.665 19.636 38.047
Total Discharge Head, HD m 162.445 105.999 140.457
Differential Head m 111.780 86.363 102.409
Differential Pressure bar 8.945 8.571 10.164
Total Discharge Pressure bar 12.999 10.520 13.940
NPSHa m 34.35 17.84 27.67
Pump Efficiency % 51.31 65.98 66.80
Hydraulic Power hp 23.29 22.95 97.16
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) hp 45.39 34.79 151.11
Estimated Power (Brake Hp) kW 33.39 25.59 111.14
NOTES
1. K values for valves and fittings is based on P&IDs and Piping Isometrics
2. Suction and discharge piping length is based on Piping Isometrics.
APPENDIX III
ASSUMPTION FOR K FACTOR
ANSI PIPING CLASS TABLE
ND '' Class OD '' THK '' ID '' ID mm ND mm SCHEDULE SCHEDULE
3/4 3/4-SCH 10 1.050 0.083 0.884 22.5 19.05 10 ###
3/4 3/4-SCH 40 1.050 0.113 0.824 20.9 19.05 40
3/4 3/4- STD 1.050 0.113 0.824 20.9 19.05 STD ###
3/4 3/4- XS 1.050 0.154 0.742 18.8 19.05 XS ###
3/4 3/4-SCH 80 1.050 0.154 0.742 18.8 19.05 80 ###
3/4 3/4-SCH 160 1.050 0.219 0.612 15.5 19.05 160 ###
3/4 3/4- XXS 1.050 0.308 0.434 11.0 19.05 XXS ###
Norminal Pipe Ball Valve- Gate Valve- Swing Check Globe Valve- Elbow-Long Radius Angle valve- Basket
Size (inch) full port flanged Valve-flanged flanged flanged 90o flanged Strainer
0.5" 0.080 0.220 0.380
0.75" 0.080 0.200 0.350
1" 0.070 0.180 2.000 14.000 0.320 5.000
1.5" 0.060 0.170 2.000 11.000 0.290 3.100 1.750
2" 0.060 0.150 2.000 8.000 0.270 2.500 1.500
3" 0.050 0.140 2.000 7.000 0.250 2.200 1.250
4" 0.050 0.140 2.000 6.500 0.240 2.100 1.100
6" 0.050 0.120 2.000 6.000 0.210 2.100 0.900
8" 0.040 0.110 2.000 5.800 0.200 2.100 0.780
10" 0.040 0.110 2.000 5.500 0.200 2.100 0.650
12" 0.040 0.100 2.000 5.400 0.180 2.100 0.600
14" 0.040 0.100 2.000 5.400 0.180 2.100 0.580
16" 0.040 0.100 2.000 5.400 0.180 2.100 0.560
18" 0.040 0.100 2.000 5.400 0.170 2.100 0.500
20" 0.040 0.100 2.000 5.400 0.170 2.100 0.450
22" 0.040 0.100 0.170
24" 0.040 0.100 0.170
K-Values
Nominal Size
(inche) Size Reducers Expander
0.75" - - -
1" 1 X 3/4 0.09 0.112
1.5" 1.5 X 1 0.47 0.878
2" 2 X 1.5 0.097 0.124
3" 3X2 0.416 0.739
4" 4X3 0.157 0.214
6" 6X4 0.509 0.926
8" 8X6 0.191 0.262
10" 10 X 8 0.145 0.172
12" 12 X 10 0.075 0.072 0.22
14" 14 X 12 0.011 0.006 1.54
16" 16 X 14 0.025 0.019
18" 18 X 16 0.019 0.013
20" 20 X 18 0.013 0.008
24" 24 X 20 0.054 0.055
ASSUMPTIONS FOR K VALUE