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Extrusive Volcanic Features

Extrusive volcanic features are landforms created when magma is ejected during volcanic eruptions. These features include volcanic cones, craters, calderas, hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles. A crater forms at the top of a volcano and can be blown away during violent eruptions. A caldera is a basin-shaped depression that forms when the top of a volcano collapses into the underlying magma. Hot springs and geysers are formed by the continuous outflow of heated water and steam from the ground, as seen in places like Dominica. Fumaroles are vents that release sulfur fumes and other gases.

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1K views2 pages

Extrusive Volcanic Features

Extrusive volcanic features are landforms created when magma is ejected during volcanic eruptions. These features include volcanic cones, craters, calderas, hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles. A crater forms at the top of a volcano and can be blown away during violent eruptions. A caldera is a basin-shaped depression that forms when the top of a volcano collapses into the underlying magma. Hot springs and geysers are formed by the continuous outflow of heated water and steam from the ground, as seen in places like Dominica. Fumaroles are vents that release sulfur fumes and other gases.

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Isabella persad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Form Four Geography

Extrusive volcanic features


Magma when ejected from volcanoes is known as lava and forms extrusive
volcanic features or landforms. 
1. All volcanic cones
2. Craters
3. Calderas
4. Hot springs, thermal springs, geysers
5. Fumaroles and solfataras

A crater is a depression or opening at the top of a volcano. Viscous lava plugs the
vents of composite cones so that pressure builds up within the volcano. This leads
to violent eruptions that cause the crater to be blown away explosively. The top of
the volcano then subsides or collapses into the underlying magma, forming a basin
shaped depression known as a caldera.
A caldera may also be formed by the collapse of the magma under a volcano.
Calderas usually have several smaller vents rather than one main vent.
Water collects in craters, forming a crater lake for example the Gran Etang,
Grenada.

Gran Etang, Grenada


Hot springs or thermal springs are formed when there is a continuous outflow of
water from the ground. Dominica has several thermal springs and fumaroles. The
Valley of Desolation consists of hot springs, boiling mud and fumaroles. Close by
is the boiling lake a hot sulphurous lake with a cloud of vapour hanging above it.
The lake sometimes spouts a geyser almost three metres high.
Fumaroles or Solfataras are vents or crevices in the rock along the sides of
volcanoes, through which Sulphur fumes escape and which sometimes emit steam
and vapour and gases such as hydrochloric acid and Sulphur dioxide in the form of
jets. Fumaroles and Sulphur can be found in St. Lucia.

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