Sample Tutorial Assignment

F.E Semester-II
Engineering Mathematics-II
Tutorial Assignment 2
Unit I- : Application of Differential Equations

Class: Roll No:

A] Multiple Choice Questions:
dy x
1. If the D.E. of family of rectangular hyperbola x 2  y 2  c 2 is  then its orthogonal
dx y
trajectories is-----
A) y 2  kx B) x 2  y 2  k 2 C) xy  k D) y  kx

Ans: C)

dy x
Explanation: Given 
dx y

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Substitute =− hence we get
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
− =
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
−𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
=
𝑥 𝑦
Integrate both sides
−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘
2. The D.E. for the orthogonal trajectory of the family of curves r2=a2 cos2θ is----------
dθ
A) r dr = tan2θ B) rdr =tan2θdθ C) rdr =cot2θdθ D) rdr + tanθdθ = 0

Ans: A)

Explanation: Given r =a cos 2𝜃

Differentiate wrt𝜃
𝑑𝑟 1
=𝑎 − sin 2𝜃 2
𝑑𝜃 2 cos 2𝜃
𝑟
Substitute a =
cos 2𝜃
𝑑𝑟
Hence = − 𝑟 tan 2𝜃
𝑑𝜃
 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
Substitute 𝑑𝜃 = − 𝑟2 𝑑𝑟

𝑑𝜃
Hence − 𝑟2 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝑟 tan 2𝜃

dθ
Hence the D E of orthogonal Trajectory is r = tan2θ
dr

3. A resistance R=100 ohms, an inductance L=0.5 henry are connected in series with a
di
battery of 20 volts. The differential equation for the current i is 0.5 + 100i = 20, Then
dt
current i at any time t is
1
A)Ae−200t ; A is arbitrary constant B) + Ae200t ; A is arbitrary constant
5

1
C)2 + Ae−200t ; A is arbitrary constant D) + Ae−200t ; A is arbitrary constant
5

Ans: D)
di
Explanation: Given R=100, L=0.5 and 0.5 dt + 100i = 20. Hence E = 20

−𝑹
𝑬
We Know that, 𝒊= 𝟏−𝒆𝑳𝒕
𝑹

1
∴𝑖= + Ae−200t ; A is arbitrary constant
5

4. A particle of mass m is projected upward with velocity V. Assuming the air resistance k
dv
times its velocity and equation of motion is m dt =− mg − kv then the relation between
velocity v and time t is
m mg+kV m mg+kv mg+kV
A) t = k
log (
mg+kv
) B) t =
k
log (
mg+kV
) C) t = m log (
mg+kv
) D) t =
mg+kv
log ( )
mg+kV

Ans: A)
dv
Explanation: We have m  mg  kv
dt
mdv
 dt
 ( mg  kv )
mdv

 (mg  kv) 
 dt  c

 km dv
t 
k  (mg  kv)
c
 m kdv
t  
k (mg  kv)
c

m
t log(mg  kv)  c
k
m
Now if t=0,v=V 0 log(mg  kV )  c
k
m
c  log(mg  kV )
k
m  mg  kV 
 t  log  .
k  mg  kv 

5. A pipe 20 cm in diameter contains steam at 1500C and is protected with covering 5cm thick
for which k=0.0025. If the temperature of the outer surface is 400C and D.E. of heat is
Q dX
dT =−
2πk X
. The amount of heat loss is
110(2πk) log (1.5) 110(2πk) 110
A) B) 110(2πk) C)− D)
log (1.5) log (1.5) log (1.5)
Ans: C)
Q dX
Explanation: Given dT =− , Integrate both sides
2πk X

Q
T =− 2πk log X + C …………………….. (1)
When X=10cm, then T = 1500C
When X = 15cm then T = 400C
Sub values in (1)
Q
150 =− log 10 + C …………………. (2)
2πk
Q
& 40=− log 15 + C …………………… (3)
2πk
Subtract (2) – (3)
Q
Hence we get 110=− log1.5
2πk
110(2πk)
Hence Heat loss Q = −
log (1.5)

B] Solve the following differential equations:

1. Water at temperature 1000C cools in 10 minutes to 880C in a room of temperature 250C.Find the
temperature of water after 20minutes.
Solution: By Newton’s law of cooling,
dθ
=− k(θ − θ0 )
dt
Where 𝜃0 is temperature of surrounding and 𝜃 is temperature of body at any instant.
Given 𝜃0 = 250 𝑐
 t min 𝜃0 𝑐

0 100

10 88

20 𝜃1 = ?

dθ
=− k θ − 25
dt
dθ
=− kdt------------------- (1)
θ−25
This is variable separable form

88 10
dθ
=− k dt
100 θ − 25 0

[log (θ − 25)]88
100 =− k t
10
0
63
log =− k[10]
75
1 21
∴ k =− 10 log 25
---------------- (2)
Again from equation (1)
θ1 20
dθ
=− k dt
100 θ − 25 0
θ1 − 25 21
log = 2 log
75 25
2
𝜃1 − 25 21
∴ =
75 25
𝜃1 − 25
= 0.7056
75
𝜃1 − 25 = 0.7056 75
𝜃1 = 52.92 + 25
𝜃1 = 77.920 𝑐
After 20 minutes temperature of body will be 77.920 𝑐

2. A pipe 10cm in diameter contains steam at 100 0 c .It is covered with asbestos 5cm thick, for which k
= 0.0006 and the outside surface is at 30 0 c .Find the amount of heat lost per hour from a meter long
pipe.

Solution: By Fourier law of heat conduction:

Q dX
dT =− 2πk X …………………….. (1)
Given when x = 5cm, T=1000C
 When x = 10cm, T = 300C
Also k=0.0006
Integrating (1)
Q 10 dX 30
= − dT
2πk 5 X 100
Q 10
log =− 30 − 100
2πk 5
70(2πk)
Q = log (2) cal/sec
70(2πk)
Required heat loss = log (2)
X 100 X 60 X 60
70 2 X 3.14 X 0.0006 X 100 X 60 X 60
=
loge (2)
= 136989.0878/cal

3. Find orthogonal trajectories of family of curves x2+cy2=1

Solution: We have family of curves x2+cy2=1
−𝑥
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get x + c y y =0 => 𝑐 = 1

𝑦𝑦1

𝑥𝑦
Substituting the value of c in given equation we get 𝑦1 = 𝑥2−1 which is D.E of give
family.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Replacing 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦 1 𝑥2 𝑦2
− = = ∫ − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =>log x - = +𝑐
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2−1 𝑥 2 2

Which is the required equation of orthogonal trajectory?

4. A constant electromotive force E volt is applied to a circuit containing a constant resistance R ohms
in series and a constant inductance L henries. If the initial current is zero, show the current up to half
L log 2
its theoretical maximum in seconds.
R
Solution: Let current i flowing through circuit then by Kirchhoff’s law equation of L-R
circuit is,e t is given by
𝑑𝑖
𝐿 + 𝑅𝑖 = 𝐸
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑅 𝐸
+ 𝑖=
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝐿
This is linear differential euation.
𝑅 𝑅𝑡
So, I.F.=𝑒∫ 𝐿 𝑑𝑡=𝑒 𝐿
𝑅𝑡 𝐸 𝑅𝑡
𝑖𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑒 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑘
𝐿
 On solving we get,
𝑅𝑡 𝐸 𝑅𝑡
𝑖𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑒 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑘
𝑅
𝐸
Given at t=0,i=0 we get k=-
𝑅
So we get ,
𝑅𝑡 𝐸 𝑅𝑡 𝐸
𝑖𝑒 𝐿 = 𝑒 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 −
𝑅 𝑅
𝐸 −𝑅𝑡
𝑖= (1 − 𝑒 𝐿 )𝑑𝑡
𝑅
−𝑅𝑡
I reaches theoretical maximum if 𝑒 𝐿 0 i.e. t ∞
𝐸
𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑅
Let t=T
𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐸
𝑖= =
2 2𝑅
Substituting in above equation we get,
𝐸 𝐸 𝑅𝑡
= (1 − 𝑒 𝐿 )𝑑𝑡
2𝑅 𝑅
On solving we get,
𝐿
𝑇 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑅

5. A body of mass m falls from rest under gravity in a fluid whose resistance to motion at any instant is
mkv where k is constant. Find the terminal velocity.

Solution: let x be the position of a particle at any time t.

Forces acting on are,
dx
I) air resistance = mk
dt
II) Weight=mg
By Newton’s 2nd law,
d2x dx
m 2
 mg  mk
dt dt
dx
Let V
dt
dv
 g  kv
dt
Separating variables,
dv
 dt
g  kv
 1
 log( g  kv)  t  c ……………….(1)
k

We have at t=0, v=0

1
c   log( g )
k

Substituting in equation (1),

1  g 
t  log 
k  g  kv 

 g  kv 
  kt  log 
 g 

 kt g  kv k
Or  e  1 v
g g

g
That is v  (1  e  kt )
k

Terminal velocity = lim 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑔𝑘 = 𝑉

𝑡→∞
 Practice Tutorial Assignment
F.E Semester-II
Engineering Mathematics-II
Tutorial Assignment 2
Unit I- : Application of Differential Equations

Class: Roll No:

A] Multiple Choice Questions:
1. By Newton’s law of cooling the differential equation of the body originally at 800 C cools down to
600 C in 20 minutes in surrounding temperature of 400 C. The temperature of the body after 40
minutes is.

A) 600 C B)500 C C) 350 C D)850 C

2. A metal ball is heated to a temperature of 1000 C and at time t=0 it is placed in the water which is
Maintained at 400 C. The temperature of a ball reduces to 600 C in 4 minutes.. Then the time required
to reduce the temperature of a ball to 500 C is.

A) 7.5 min B) 3.5 min C) 10 min D) 6.5 min

E  Rt , R  250ohm, L  640 H , E  500V and i  2 , then the time t for 90% of
3. If i  1  e L
max
R 
imax is

64 64 6
A) 25 log10 B) 25 C) log10 D) 5 log10
4. The Orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 is

A)𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 𝑐2 B) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑐2 C) 𝑦2 = 𝑥 D) y = mx

5. A pipe 40 cm in diameter contains steam at 1500C and is protected with covering 10cm thick for
which 𝑘 = 0.0012. If the temperature of the outer surface is 300C. The amount of heat loss is.

120(2πk) log (1.5) 120(2πk) 120

A) log (1.5) B) 120(2πk) C)− log (1.5)
D)log (1.5)

B] Solve the following differential equations:

1. The charge Q on the plate of a condenser of capacity C charge through a resistance R by a
steady voltage V satisfies the . If Q=0 at t =0 .Show that Q =

CV

Also find the current flowing into the plate.

.
2. A Steam pipe 40cms in diameter contains steam at 1500c and is protected with a covering
10cm thick, for which k = 0.0012.If the temperature of the outer surface of the covering is
300c,Find the temp.at a distance 25cm from the center of the pipe under steady state
condition
3. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of cardioids r  a (1  cos  )
4. If a thermometer is taken outdoors where the temperature is 0 0 c , from a room in which the
0 0
temperature is 21 c and the reading drops to 10 c in 1 minute, how long after it’s removal will the
0
reading be 5 c
5. A particle of mass m is projected upward with velocity V. Assuming the air resistance is k
times its velocity, write the equation of motion and show it will reach maximum height in
m  kV 
time log1   .Find also the distance travelled at any time t.
k  gm 