SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is the immense pleasure and grate respect we express our sincere thanks and
gratitude, Head of civil department Mrs. Feeba Gorge, who guided our project.
We are also thankful to the staff members of civil engineering department for the
valuable guidance and help in the completion of the valuable guidance and help in the
completion of the project work. We express our sincere gratitude to our lectures Mrs.
Christeen Yohannan, Mrs. Asha Thankappan, Mrs. Athulya v Chandran, Mrs. Feeba Gorge,
and the supporting staff for their hearted co-operation. We are also thankful to the staff of
civil section for the facilities extended to us. More over this we thank the grate God for his
grace showered on us.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

ABSTRACT

Our project is to design a High secondary school building. The project consists of
planning, designing, estimating and costing of school building at Alappuzha the plot is the
situated at Alappuzha district. The total extent plot 723.95M2, the building situated 6 meter
away from the road. The objective of the develop independent and creative thanking of to
correlate the basic theoretical knowledge obtained in the Couse of study, practical in to the
filed

We conduct reconnaissance survey to get idea about the ground conditions and
approximately level surface. We prepared site plan and collected details required for building
from available source like NBC& KPBR.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

PROJECT REPORT OF FINAL YEAR

CIVIL ENGINEERING
2022

NAME OF WORK : SCHOOL BUILDING

SCHEME OF WORK : THE WORK IS DONE BY SIX

STUDENT OF FINAL YEAR
CIVIL ENGINEERING 2022

GROUP MEMBERS :
• ADARSH.S
• ANEES C.S
• DIVYA DIVAKARAN
• AKASH JAYAKUMAR
• SUJITH.S
• SETHULAKSHMY P.D

SITE : ALAPPUZHA

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 3 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

NOTATIONS USED

A=Area b=Breadth of the beam

bf =Effective width of flange

bw =Breadth of web or rib

D =Over all depth of beam or slab

Df =Thickness of flange

DL=Dead load D =Effective depth of beam or slab

d‟ =Depth of compression reinforcement from highly compressed

facefck =Characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete

fy =Characteristic strength of steel

k =Constant or coefficient of factor Ld =Development lengthL

L =Live load or imposed load I =Effective span of beam or slab

lx =Length of shorter sideof slab

ly =Length of longer side of slab

l0 =Distance betweenpoints of zero moments in a beam

M=Bending moment q0=Calculated maximum bearing pressure of soil

Sv=Spacing of stirrups

t=Thickness of wall V=Shear force

W=Total load w =Distributed load per unit area

x =Depth of neutral axis α,β =Angle of ratio τv =Nominal shear stress

τc =Shear stress in concrete τbd =Design bond strengthτcmax

=Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcementϴ

=Diameter of bar

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 4 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

CONTENTS

Sl. No: Title Page No

1. ACKONOLEDGEMENT 1

2. ABSTRACT 2

3. NOTATION USED 4

4. CONTENTS 5 -7

5. INTRODUCTION 8

6. ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT 9

4.1 SITE SURVEY 9

4.2 SURVEYING 9

4.3 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEYING 9

4.4 DETAILED SURVEYING 10

4.5 PREPARATION OF SITE PLAN 10

4.6 PLANNING OF BUILDING 10

4.7 CONSIDERATION FOR COST EFFECTING 10

7. PROVISION OF PUNCHAYATH BUILDING RULE 12-21

8. SPECIFICATION 22-33

9. DETAILED DRAWING 34-42

ELEVATION

SECTION

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

STAIR CABIN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 5 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

LOCATION PLAN

SITE PLAN

10. SLAB LAYOUT 43

11. BEAM LAYOUT 44

12. FOUNDATION LAYOUT 45

13. COLUMN LAYOUT 46

14. STRUCTURAL DESIGN 47

14.1 DESIGN OF SLAB………………...46-123

14.2 DESIGN OF BEAM……………………124-127

14.3 DESIGN OF LINTEL & SUNSHADE….128-133

14.4 DESIGN OF STAIR………………133-136

14.5 DESIGN OF COLUM………………137-140

14.6 DESIGN OF FOOTING…………141-143

14.7 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK AND SOAK PIT….143-146

15. DETAIL ESTIMATE……………………..147-149

16. ABSTRACT ESTIMATE………………...150-152

CONCLUSION………………153

REFERENCES……………….154

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 6 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

LIST OF FIGURES
\

Figure No: Figure Name Page No:

17. ELEVATION 34

18. SECTION AA 35

17. GROUND FLOOR PLAN 36

18 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 37

19. SECOND FLOOR PLAN 38

20. STAIR CABIN 39

21. LOCATION PLA 40

22. SITE PLAN. 41-42

22.1 SLAB LAYOU 43

22.2 BEAM LAYOU 44

22.3 FOUNDATION LAYOUT 45

22.4 COLOUMN LAYOT 46

22.5 L/S AND C/S OF SLAB 53

22.6 L/S AND C/S OF BEAM 55

22.7 LINTEL AND SUNSHA 59

22.8 STAIR 64

22.9 FOOTING 66

22.10 SEPTIC TANK 77

22.11 SOAK PIT 77

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 7 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

INTRODUCTION

We have great pleasure to present a report of the project works under taken by
the 2nd squad of final year Civil Engineering students of Indira Gandhi Polytechnic
College,Cherukunnam, Project work is a part of syllabus of the final year Civil
Engineering course. The aim of the project is to get thorough knowledge and
sophisticated architectural beauty with most economy.

Degrading condition of school building and its existence are not new such
incidents have become frequent due to buildings becoming A healthy working
environment in offices is only possible when officers are provided with adequate
facilities, not only related to working, but also a safe and sound infrastructure.
Considering the situation, we thought about the reconstruction of an office building. We
selected the school building at Alappuzha, the building is in degrading condition. The
building situated in municipality town area. Considering such office buildings rules we
developed a plan, designed the structural members and estimated cost.

The team members were very co-operative with each other in bringing out this
project successfully. The project work deals with the planning, structural design and
estimate of all the requirement of an “SCHOOL BUILDING” we have designed a real
building

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 8 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

4. ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT

4.1 SELECTION OF SITE

The principal consideration for all type of construction is selection of site. The site selected for
the proposed project is school building at Alappuzha. The plans to be born in mind while selecting
a site. The soil at site should have sufficient safe bearing capacity. The building shall have utilities
like electricity, water supply, transportation etc… The building can be constructed according to
the legal aspects. So, there is no disturbance for the construction available in the nearby locality.
While considering merits & demerits the plot does not provided best facilities. It is not possible to
select a site which has only merits. So, we have selected this site for the execution of the project

4.2 SITE SURVEYING

The structure is planned according to the nature of site. So a clear idea about surface is required
during planning and designing. According to Kerala building rule, a project report must contain a
site plan which is drawn to a scale not less than 1:400. Site plan preparation is done during
surveying and plotting rule, a project report must contain a site plan which is drawn to a scale not
less than 1:400. Site plan preparation is done during surveying and plotting.

4.3 SURVEYING
It is the art of taking measurements which will determine the relative position of various parts of
the surface of the earth. During surveying the necessary measurements must be taken to plot the
site plan and locate various features. Hence employed the chain surveying in which surveying and
plotting can be done simultaneously. Surveying is primarily divided in to;

4. Reconnaissance Survey
The preliminary examination of the ground to find out the suitable type of survey to be conducted to see
how best the work can be arranged. This survey is carried out to get an idea of the area to be surveyed. The
method employed in reconnaissance survey is as follows; The surveyor in the aspects the site as decided
the possible arrangements of the network such frame works as fairly level ground & free from obstructions.
During the reconnaissance survey a neat sketch of key plan is prepared.
Chain Survey: - Chain survey is the simplest methods of measuring the linear measurement with tape or
chain. These are the methods to measure the distance in the work. This site is approximately flat and it is
free from all the types of obstacles. Detailed

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 9 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

DETAILED SURVEY: It includes the full details of the site showing its boundaries,

general features, like existing buildings, approach to road, area of the land, detailed
drawings of the site in a suitable

4. PREPARATION OF SITE PLAN

Site plan may be defined as the projection of ground and the features up on it as a
horizontal plan, the line and regular measurement drawn being only horizontal
dimension. For a building construction site plan is essential. This plan is prepared for
showing the boundaries of land, nature of ground, existing features, north direction,
creation of proposed work etc…

5. PLANNING OF BUILDING

The building should be planned to make it comfortable, economical & to meet all the
requirements. The attempt of the planners should be to attain maximum convenience
with the limited money available, functional utility, cost, habitat requirements etc.
Circulation area should be minimum possible without affecting other requirements &
convenience. The spacing of the building with respect to geographical direction, the
direction of wind and the altitude and azimuth of the sun known as the orientation is
fixed by also considering the frontage of the building. To start with all the requirements
should be collected & then planning should be taken up.

CONSIDERATION FOR COST EFFECTING

A square plan is cheaper because the perimeter or walling of a square building may
be 15- 25% less than a rectangular one of the same area. It is therefore desirable to
plan or design a building as far as possible a square. The possible numbers of room
should be reduced & the size of room should be made bigger to economize the cost
but the size of room will depend on the requirements & purpose for which they are
built & these accepts for economy cannot be applied in general.
Area occupied by walls is about 15-25% of plinth area. Area of veranda & passage may
be taken at 15% plinth area. Latrine should be at the rate of 1/6 no‟ s. Height of wall
should be less than 3m.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 10 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

DESIGNING

A building has two basic parts foundation and super structure. Foundation is the lower
portion of the building usually located below the ground level, which transmit the load
of super structure to the supporting soil. The portion of the building above the ground
level is known as the super structure. A part of super structure between the ground
level and floor is known as plinth. The built up &covered area measured at the floor
level is known as plinth area.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 11 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

6. PROVISION OF PANCHAYATH BUILDING RULE

1. . No of land development or redevelopment shall be made or no of building shall

be constructed refuse, excreta or other offensive matter which in the opinion of the
secretary is considered objectionable, until such refuse, excreta or other offensive
matter has been removed there from and the plot has been prepared or left in a
manner suitable for land development or no building shall be constructed on any
plot on any part of which there is deposited refuse, excreta or other offensive
matter whichin building purpose for the satisfaction of the secretary.

2. No land development or redevelopment shall be made or no building shall be

constructed on a plot, which comprises or includes a pit, quarry or other similar
excavations or any part thereof unless such plot has been prepared or left in a manner
or condition suitable for land development or redevelopment or building purposes
to the satisfaction of the secretary.

3. No land development or redevelopment shall be made on no building shall be

constructed on a plot liable to flood or on a slope forming an angle of more than
45° with horizontal or on soil unsuitable for percolation or on area shown as
floodable area in any town planning scheme or in sandy beds, unless it is provided
by the owner to the satisfaction of the secretary that construction such a building
will not be dangerous or injurious to the health and site will not be subjected to
flooding or erosion or cause undue expenditure of public funds for providing sewers,
sanitation, water supply or other public services.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 12 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

4. Any land development or redevelopment or building construction or

reconstruction in any area notified by the Govt. of India as a costal regulations zone
under the environment (protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) and rules made there
under shall be subjected to the restriction contained in the said notifications as
amended from time to time.

5. No building or part of a building shall be constructed or reconstructed or

no addition or alterations shall be made to any existing building in the intervening
spaces between the building and any overhead electric supply line as

described in the Table 1 below and as specified in Indian Electricity Rulesas

amended from time to time.

Provided that single storied buildings shall be allowed even if the above mentioned
clearance is not available, if the applicant produces a no objections certificates from
the Chief Electrical inspector or an officer authorized by him, before issue of permit.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 13 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

Exterior and interior open-air spaces

1. Every room intended for human habitations shall abut on an exterior or interior
open space or veranda open to such exterior or interior open space and such
open space shall be maintained for the benefits of the building exclusively and
shall be entirely within the owners own premises and shall be open to the sky
and is barred from being subdivided, partitioned or legally bifurcated or
transacted, in any manner whatsoever, till such date when the structure itself is
demolished and shall be kept any erection thereon other than those specially
allowed in these rule
2. In case a group of buildings are to be put up within any plot belonging to the
same owner or by different owners of adjoining lands jointly the area of the land
remaining after accounting for the mandatory front, rear and side yards from the
boundary of the plot shall be considered as buildable area of the plot where the
buildings may be constructed subject to the conditions regarding floor area ratio,
coverage, access, light and ventilation, etc. for the whole plot, distance between
the various blocks within this area shall be minimum 2m for building up to 10m
and 3m exceeding that height .
3. Every building up to 10m in height shall have a minimum front yard of three
meters depth: provided that where 3m depth can‟ t be maintained laterally
throughout due to the peculiar shape of the plot, it shall suffice if the mean depth
is not less than 3 meter with minimum depth at all points not less than 1.80 meter
4. Every building up to 10 meters in height shall have a minimum rear yard of 2
meters depth: provide.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 14 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

5. Provided that where 2 meters depth cannot be maintained laterally throughout due
to the peculiar shape of the plot, it shall suffice if the mean depth is not less
than 2 meters with minimum depth at all point not less than 1.00 meter. Provided
further that in the case of buildings up to 7 meters height, it shall suffice if the mean
depth is not less than 1.50 meters with minimum depth to at all points not less than
1.00 meter.

6. Provided further that in the case of buildings up to 7 meters height, the depth of rear
yard may be reduced to not less than 75 cm without any opening such

7. door and window on that side, however ventilator opening may be made at a
height of 2.20 meters from the corresponding floor level.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 15 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

8. Provided also that in the case of buildings up to 7 meters height, the depth of rear yard
may be reduced or even about the plot boundary without any manner of opening on

that side if the owner of the plot on that side voluntarily agrees for thesame in writing.
Every building up to 10 meters in height shall have a minimum side yard of 1.20 meters
on one side and a minimum of 1.00 meter on the other side.
9. Provided that in the case of buildings up to 7 meters height, the depth of the side yard
on one side may be reduced to not less than 75 cm without any opening such as door
and window on that side, but however, ventilator opening may be made ata height of
2.10 metres from the corresponding floor level if the side yard on the other side have
aminimum of 1.20 meters.
10. Provided further that in the case of building up to 7 meters height the depth of
sideyard on one side other than that having 1.20 meters may be reduced below 75 cm
or even about the plot boundary without any manner of opening on that side, if the
owner of the plot on that side voluntarily agrees for the same in writing. Any room
intended for human habitation and not abutting on either front, rear or side open air
spacesshall abut on an interior open space whosewidth shall not be less than 2.4
meters:Provided that in the case of buildings up to 7 meters height it shall be
sufficient ifsuch interior open space has a minimum width of 1.5 meters.
11. Sufficient land shall be kept unpaved or sufficient opening shall be provided in the
land to allow percolation of rain water in the plot itself and rain water from a plot shall
be connected with public drainage system only in case of plots with impermeable soil.
12. For buildings above 10 meters in height, in addition to the minimum front,rear and side
open spaces required for height up to 10 meters, there shall be provided proportionate
increase in such minimum open space at the rate of 0.5 meter per every 3 meters height
exceeding 10 meters: Provided that such additional set back corresponding to increase
in height may be provided, for the whole building at ground level or for corresponding
floors at their level.
13. No construction or hanging of any sort shall be permitted to project outside the
boundaries of the site.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 16 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

14. Every open space provided, either interior or exterior shall be kept free from any
erection thereon and shall be open to the sky and only cornice, roof or whether shade
not more than 0.60-meter width shall overhang or project over the said open space
so as to reduce the width to less than the minimum required:
15. Provided that where the open space is minimum 0.60 meter the cornice, roof or
weather shade shall be limited to 30 cm. and where the open space is less than 0.60
meter no projection whatsoever shall be permitted:
16. Provided further that where the open space has minimum 1.50 meters cornice roof
or weather shade up to 75cms shall be permitted and increase in the width of cornice
roof of weather shade shall be permitted corresponding to increase in the open space:
17. Provided further that no door or window shall be permitted if the open space on that
portion is less than 1 meter:
18. Provided further that open stair or flight of steps or ramps meant as accessto upper
or Lower floors shall be permitted in the open space if such stair, step or ramp has
minimum 60cms distance from the boundaries.
19. Provided also that the underneath of the ramp shall not be enclosed however
pillars may be permitted for its support.
20. The front, rear and side setbacks for constructions below ground level (basement
floor, etc) shall be the same as that required for a 10 meters height building of the
same occupancy group constructed above ground

OCCUPANCY

1. The occupancy of building or part of there of shall be governed by the usage of plots
proposed for development or redevelopment according to the provisions contained in
thedevelopment plan or detailed town planning scheme prepared for the area.
2. All buildings, whether existing or here after proposed, shall be classified in one of the
following occupancies according to the use of character of occupancy.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 17 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

OFFICE BUILDING

Office or business building shall include any building or part of a building having
a total floor area of more than 300 sq. metres which is used for transaction of public or
private business or for accommodating offices of public or private agencies or for the
keeping of records, accounts and similar purposes. Local, State and Central Government
office buildings and buildings for office purposes constructed by private sector and
quasi government agencies and buildings for the use of defense, court houses, public
utility buildings, jails and prisons are included in this group. All Information
Technology buildings are also included in this group. Further, in the case of
Government Owned Information Technology Parks, Government Approved Private
Information Technology Parks and Government Approved Private Information
Technology Buildings all buildings or part of building intended for providing ancillary
or support services, amenities and utilities such as offices, residences, social amenities,
recreational facilities, commercial establishments etc.., are also included in this
occupancy group.
F.A.R= (Total floor area on all floor) / plot area.

COVERAGE AND FLOOR AREA RATIO

SL Occupancy Maximum of Maximum permissible F.A.R.

NO. permissible Without With With
coverage additional additional additional
(percentage fee fee at fee at the
plot area)
the rate of rate ofRs.
Rs. 1000 per
500 per square
square metres of
additional
metres o floor area
additional
floor area

1 Office o 40 1.50 2.0 2.50

Business E

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 18 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS

1.. The minimum height of any building or part there of shall be limited according to
the width of the street as follows:

a) The maximum height of the building or part there of shall not exceed twice the width of
the street abutting the plot plus twice width of the yard from the building to the abutting
street and this height may further be increased proportionately at the rate of 3 metres for
every 50cm. By which the building or the corresponding portion or floor of the building
is set back from the building line.

b) If a building plot abuts on two or more streets of different width, the building plot shall
be deemed to abut the street that has the greater width for the purpose of this rule and the
height of the building shall be regulated by the width of that street and shall be continued
at this height along the narrower street. Provided that the height restriction as per this rule
shall be compulsory only for buildings or part of building coming within 12 metres of
building line. Provided further that appurtenant roof structures like staircase tower over
head tanks, air conditioning rooms, lift rooms, cellular telecommunication equipment or
tower structures, cabin rooms, chimneys, parapet walls and similar roof structures other
than pent houses shall not be included in the height of the building for the purpose of this
rule. Provided also that architectural features serving no other function except that of
decoration shall not be included in the height of the building for the purpose of this rule.

2. For buildings, structures and installations in the vicinity of airports the stipulations
with regard to height shall be further limited. This shall be subject to any notification
issued by Govt. of India under the Aircrafts Act 1, 1934.

Total floor area of Number of

SL.NO Occupancy Minimum
buildings in square stores
width of
meters access
required
in metres

Occupancies Above 1000 up to Three storeys

1. other than 5
4000
group A1

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 19 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

OFFSET PARKING SPACE

SL.NO Occupancy One parking space for every or

fraction of

1 Group E /Office buildings 100 sq. metres of carpet area

PARTS OF BUILDING
Height of room: - The height of room in a building other than residential occupancy shall
not be less than 3 meters. Provided that in the case of air-conditioned rooms it shall be not
less than 2.4metres.

Water closet: - Every building shall be provided with at least one water closet.

Size of bathroom and latrine: -

1) The area of bathroom shall not be less than 1.50 sq. meters with either side not less than
1.1m, carpet area of a latrine shall not be less than 1.10 square meters with one side not less
than 1 meter. Provided that the area of combined bathroom and latrine shall not be less than
2.2m square meters with one side less than 1.1 meters.

2) The height of bathroom or latrine shall not be less than 2.20 meters.

Stair cases: -
1) Any building having more than 4 floors including basement or sunken floors, shall have at
least two staircases, one of which maybe external stairway.

a) Provided that when the second staircase provided as external stairway conforms to the
provisions of fire escape staircase, a separate fire escape stair need not be provided.

Note: An external stair is one which is connected to public areas and or common areas on
all floors and leads directly to ground, has at least two sides abutting external wall, these
two

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 20 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

sides being provided as open or with break open glass and has landing areas accessible
from the external side or an external stair which is wholly open and removed from the
main building, such an external stair shall be removed and away from the main stairway.

2) The minimum width of stair shall not be less than

1.20 metres.
3) The minimum width of thread shall not be 30cms.

4) The height of riser shall not exceed 15cms.

5) The height of handrail shall not be less than

90cms.
6) The width of passages giving access to the staircase in any building shall not
at anypoint, be less than the width of the stair.

Fire escape staircase: -

1) Fire escape staircase shall be provided for every buildings of,

a) Residential occupancies exceeding three stories above

ground level.
b) Occupancies other than residential exceeding two stories above
ground level.
2) The width of fire escape staircases shall not be less than 75cm, the width of fire escape
stair
tread shall not be less than 15cm, the height of the fire escape stair rise shall not exceed
19cms, and the number of rise shall not exceed 16 per flight of stairs. 3) The height of
handrail of a fire

escape staircase shall not be less than 100cms

4) Fire escape stair shall be constructed only in the exterior of the building and
shall beconnected directly to the ground

5) Fire escape stair shall have a straightflight

6) Entrance to fire escape staircase shall be separated and removed fromstaircase

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 21 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

6. SPECIFICATION

Drawing of a structure will show the proportions and relative positions of its various
parts. It is not possible to furnish the data regarding the quality of materials and
workmanship on the drawing due to shortage of space. Hence this information regarding
thequality of materials and workmanship is conveyed in separate contrast document which
is known as the specification for the work.

OBJECT OF SPECIFICATION
The main object of the specifications is to state the information which the engineer wants
to convey so as to fulfill the needs of this design. The ideal specification framed by the
engineer aim to protect the owner from any damage due to bad workmanship or low quality
materials and the same time maximum freedom to perform the work is given to contractor
so as to turn out a satisfactory end product. The specification of a work is mainly for the
following object
1. Specification defines the quality of materials and
workmanship for the contractor who is filling the tender
for the different items of work.

2. The information and instructions contained in the specifications

will serve as the guide to the contractor as well as to the
supervising staff during the execution of the work.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 22 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFICATION

The drawing and specification form two important documents. Information (such as
dimensions, ty pe of construction etc.) can be easily expressed graphically are put on the
drawings. On the other hand, instructions, which can be easily expressed will in words, are
written in the specification. But generally the provision in the specifications are given morelegal
strength and most of the contracts states that in case of discrepancy between the drawings and
specifications, the provision of specifications shall govern. Thus, the specification play as
important part in construction work and high responsibility is attachedto the specification writer
for this job.

TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS

The specifications are broadly divided into two categories:

• Brief specification.
• Detail specification

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 23 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

Brief Specification
While preparing the estimate, the quantity surveyor writes down the brief description of
every item. These are known as brief specification and they do not for part of contract
document they are only useful to the person preparing the estimate.

Detailed Specification
The detailed specification forms a part of contract document and they are divided in to
threegroup.

□ General provision
□ Technical provision
□ Standard provision

EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION TRENCHES:

Before the earth work is started, the whole areas were the work is to be done shall be cleared
of tree and other organic matter. The excavation shall be carried out exactly in accordance
with the dimensions shown on the drawing or such other dimensions. Sides of the trenches
shall be vertical and its bottom shall be perfectly leveled, both the longitudinally and
transversely. If the excavation is in loose earth, the bottom of the trenches shall be sprinkled
with a little water and rammed. No material excavated from foundation, shall be placed
nearer than one meter to the outer edges of the excavation. The cost of all materials and labor
required for fencing in and protection against risk of accidents due to open excavation
shall be provided.

CEMENT CONCRETE 1:1.5:3

Materials
□ Coarse aggregate: coarse aggregate may be gravel and it shall be sound, hard,
clean, and suitably graded in size. Size of the coarse aggregate shall be retained in a
5mm square mesh.
□ Fine aggregate: Fine aggregate most of which passes through 4.75mm IS sieve is
known as fine aggregate.
□ Cement: It shall be fresh Portland cement and confirm to the IS 269

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 24 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

Water: Water shall be clean and reasonably free from injurious quantities of deteriorations.

Proportioning: Proportion of cement, sand and coarse aggregate shall be 1:1.5:3 or as

specified.

Mixing: The mixer drums shall be flushed clean with water. Measured quantity of dry coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate and cement shall be placed. The dry material shall be mixed for at
least 4 turns of the drum; after which correct quantity of water is added.

Consistency: Quantity of the water to be used for each mix of 50kg cement to give
therequired consistency shall not be more than 34 liters for 1:3:6 mix.

Laying: The entire concrete used in the work shall be laid gently in the layers not
exceeding 15 cm and shall be thoroughly vibrated by means of mechanical vibrators till
a dense concrete is obtained.

Protection and curing: Freshly laid concrete shall be protected from rain by suitable
covering. Curing of cement concrete is continued along with masonry works with
minimum period of 14 days.

Formwork: If centering and shuttering are required to be done for this work, this shall
bedone in accordance with the specifications for form work

RANDOM RUBBLE STONE MASONRY

The stone shall be hard, sound and durable of approved quarry. Stone shall be hammer
dressed to secure close joints. Stones shall be fairly equal in size and every stone shall be
fitted to the adjacent stones. No stones shall be less than 15 cm stone with round surface
shall not be used.

Face stone shall be comparatively larger and uniform and size and color to give a good
appearance and breadth of face stones shall be greater than height. Material or mortar
shall be of standard specification. All stones shall be thoroughly wetted before lying. The
masonry shall be kept moist for a period of at least 10 days and shall be protected from
sun, rain, frost and other weather effect.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 25 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

• Formwork: Form work shall include all forms or moulds required for forming the
concrete which is cast in-situ, together with all temporary construction required for
their support.

• Materials: Form work shall be of ply wood or steel. Timber used for formwork
shall be easily workable with nails without splitting and of light weight.

• Propping: Props used for centering shall be of steel, timber, posts, bellies or other
material. Before the casting of concrete is started the props and wedges shall be
thoroughly checked to see that these are intact.

• Shutter: Shuttering shall be approved; dressed timber of well-seasoned wooden

boards to give a smooth and even surface and joints shall not permit leakage of
cement grout.

• Surface treatment: The surface of timber shuttering that would come in contact
with soap solution, raw linseed oil approved manufacture

• Camber: Suitable camber shall be provided in horizontal member of structures.

The camber for beams and slab shall be 4mm per meter i.e,1 in 250.

• Reinforcement: Mild steel bars confirm to the IS specification, free from loose rest,
dust which may reduce or destroy bond. It shall be stored in such a way so as to
avoid distortion and prevent corrosion. Reinforcement bars shall be placed in
position as shown in drawings.

• Removal of formwork: The form shall be removed avoiding shock or vibration that
may cause any damage to concrete.

• Placing of reinforcement: Concrete shall be compacted only after the inspection of

centering, shuttering and reinforcement.

• Compaction: Concrete shall be compacted in to a dense mass immediately after

placing by means of mechanical vibrators. Hand compaction also is done with the
help of 16 mm diameter steel tamped with wooden tampers.

• Construction joints: The position were construction joints are to be need as shownin
structural joints, the construction joints on a vertical plane shall be keyed.

• Curing: Freshly laid concrete shall be protected from rain by suitable covering. Curing
of cement concrete is continued along with masonry work for a minimum period of days.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 26 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

DAMP PROOF COURSES 2. 5CMC.C (1:1.5:3)

DPC shall consists of cement, coarse aggregate and stone aggregate of 1:1.5:3
proportion with 2% of camper or cem-seal, or ACCO proof by weight of cement or other
standard water proofing compound. The damp proof course shall be applied at the plinth
level in a horizontal layer of 2.5 cm thickness. The cement shall be fresh Portland cement of
standard specifications. The sand shall be clean, coarse of 5 mm size and down, and stone
aggregate shall be hard and tough of 20 mm size well graded and free from dust and dirt. The
level of the surface of the plinth shall be checked longitudinally and transversely. The damp
proof course shall be laid in continuation in one day without any joints. The damp proof course
shall be cured by watering and kept wet for 7 days and construction of the wall above may be
stared. The surface shall be cleaned and wetted before masonry is started.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 27 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

FIRST CLASS BRICK WORK

Materials: Brick shall be of first class regular in shape and size with sharp edges and
corners. They shall emit a clear ringing sound on being struck.

Mortar: The brick shall be done with the specified mortar mixing the ingredients
in thespecified proportion.

Soaking of bricks: All bricks shall be done thoroughly soaked in water by submerging
themin a clean water for at least 4 hours.

Laying: The brick laying shall be done of English bond specifically mentioned.

Joints: The construction joints on a vertical plane shall be keyed. Freshly laid concrete
shall be protected from rain by suitable covering. Curing of cement concrete is
continued along with masonry works for a minimum period of days. In the case of roof
slabs, the top surface shall be finished even and smoothen with wooden trowel before
the concrete begins to set. Regular test on consistency and workability of concrete shall
be done to achieve the specified compressive strength of the concrete. Brick shall be
of first class regular in shape and sizewith sharp edges and corners. They shall emit a
clear ringing sound on being struck. The brick shall be done with the specified mortar
mixing the ingredients in the specified proportions.

All bricks shall be thoroughly soaked in water by submerging them in clean water
for at least 4 hours. The brick laying shall be of English bond specifically
mentioned.

Bricks shall be laid such that all joints are full of mortar. The thickness of joints
shall not exceed 1cm specified.

Curing: Except dry brick flooring shall be protected from rain by suitable covering
when themortar is green and shall be kept constantly moist for a minimum period of 7
days.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 28 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING

• Material: The ingredients are cement, sand, stone chips in proportion 1:2:4 or as
specified. Coarse aggregate shall be stone chips, well graded from 12 mm down
free from dust, dirt etc.

• Sub grade: Usual proportioning of cement, sand and coarse aggregate shall be
1:1.5:3. Mixing of concrete shall be done by hand or by mechanical mixtures.
The mixtures shall have slump of not more than 4 cm.

• Laying: Flooring of specified thickness shall be laid in the pattern as given. The
whole operation of laying in panel shall be completed within 30 minutes.

• Finishing: The surface shall be left for sometimes till moisture disappears from
it. Using dry cement or cement and sand sprinkled on surface to stiffen the
concrete or absorb excessive moisture.
• Curing: The curing shall be done for a minimum period of 10 days.

ANJILI WOOD PANELLED SHUTTER FOR DOOR

Timber shall be good quality well-seasoned before using and free from defects. All wood
work shall be planed neatly and truly finished to the exact dimension. Measurement of
wood work shall be taken in cubic meters. For finished work fixed in position - including
serving planning, joining, nailing, screwing etc. All portions of timber built into or in
contact with masonry or concrete shall be given two-coats of seldom or far or other
approved procreator protector. Exposed surfaces of timber shall be painted. Providing
paneled shutters for door with scantling styles and lock rail 30 cm thick, panel 13mm thick
rivets of 13 mm in frames with 3 number of 15 to 20 mm size butt hinges of each shutters,
20 cm lower half for door D3 numbers and 15 cm lower butt for door D 2 numbers. The
top and bottom lock rail shall thoroughly have mortised and toned.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 29 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

ANJILI WOOD FULLY GLAZED SHUTTERS OF WINDOWS

For glazed windows sash bars shall not be less than 40 x 40 cm and glasses shall be fixed
with nails and putty or with wooden healing ever frames specified. Glass shall be best
quality and free from bubbles, scratches and other imperfections. Thickness of glass be
3mmor 4mm. The glass should be fined in 15mm clear gap around for allowing expansions.

CEMENT PLASTERING

• Materials: Cement shall be fresh Portland cement and sand shall be of medium quality.
• Preparation of mortar: The materials shall be at first mixed dry thoroughly till
uniform in color in required proportion and then shall be mixed wet by adding
water slowly and gradually for at least four times to give a uniform paste.
• Preparation of surface: the surface of the wall shall be brushed, cleaned, washed,
watered and wetted with water before plastering.
• Laying: The plastering shall be started from the top and worked towards the
ground. The whole surface shall be made flushed with wooden straight edges and
rubbed thoroughly with wooden floats to ensure an even surface.
• Curing: Plastering surface shall be kept wet by sprinkling water after 12 hours for
at least seven days and shall be protected from rain and sun.

CEMENT POINTING

• Preparation of surface: The joints of the brick work shall be ranked out to a depth
of 12mm.

• Mortar: Pointing to new brick work shall be done by while the mortar of the work
is still green. The required proportion is 1:2 or 1:3.

• Pointing: For flush pointing both horizontal and vertical joints shall be fixed up
with mortar and pressed with pointing trowel and finished of flush with the edge
of the brick so as to brick surface. During pointing work mortar shall be spread
over the faces of bricks and shall be clearly defined. After pointing the surface
shall be kept wet for at least 7 days. During this period, itshall be suitably protected
from rain, sun and other damage
WHITE WASHING

Scaffolding: Wherever scaffolding is necessary, it shall be erected in double

supports, tied together by horizontal pieces. for white washing, curing etc.proper
stages scaffolding shall be erected.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 30 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

• Preparation of surface: Before new work is white washed the surfashall

thoroughly brushed, free from mortar droppings and foreign matter.

• Application: The white wash shall be applied with jute brushes to a specified
number of coats. Each coat shall be allowed to dry before the next coat is applied.
The finished dry surface shall not show any signs of cracking and peeling nor
shall it come off readily on the hand when rubbed.

• Protective measures: Doors, windows, floors, and other parts of the building not
to be white washed shall be protected from being splashed upon.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 31 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

 SCHOOL BILDING PROJECT REPORT 2022

DISTEMPERING

• Materials: The distemper shall be of color as specifically mentioned mixed with

the quantity as prescribed by the manufacture.

• Preparation of surface: New plastered surface shall be thoroughly brushed free

from mortar dropping and other foreign matter and rubbed smooth with a clean
cloth. New plastered surface shall be allowed to dry up before any operation for
distempering and the surface shall be washed over with a solution of zinc
sulphate.

• Application: Distempering shall be applied with proper distemper brushes first

horizontally and then immediately crossed off vertically which together shall be
even and uniform and shall show no brush marks.

SANITARY WORKS

Sanitary works usually consists of providing flush type latrines and connecting with
sewer line and septic tank. For estimating, the number of fittings is to be taken into
account. The capacity of the septic tank depends upon the interval. It is of 1 m below
water level with a minimum free board of 50 cm above water level is provided. The
septic tank consists of brick wall in cement mortar less than 20 cm thick and the
foundation floor with cement concrete. Floor should be given in a slope of about 1 in
24 for the convenience of collecting and removal of sludge.

Septic tank usually consists of two chambers with a partition wall at a distance of
about half length of tank from the inlet end. The partition wall is raised above the
liquid surface by 15 cm; the cover of the septic tank is RCC slab with suitable
circular opening with cast iron manhole cover for cleaning and inspection.

Labours should be well organized to utilize them fully and the number of different
categoryof labours should be used as far as possible. The width of foundation was
designed by calculating the total load on foundation. The load should not exceed the
safe bearing capacity

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 32 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

ELECTRIFICATION

Electrification of building consists of electrical wiring for light, fan etc the
estimate for electrical wiring is usually done on point basis. One end of the service
connection is connected to the main switch. After the main switch there are wires
which transmit the current to the lamps and other appliances.

WATER SUPPLY WORKS

Water supply works mainly consists of pipe lines. The connections with the
water main pipe should be enumerated starting the size and the length of pipe from the
water property together with charges, provisional sum shall be included. The pipe lines
are estimated on running meter basis for different diameter for the complete work-with
filling and supplying in its position.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 33 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

DETAILED DRAWING

ELEVATION

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 34 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SECTION-AA

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 35 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 36 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 37 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 38 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

STAIR CABIN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 39 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

LOCATION PLAN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 40 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SITE PLAN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 41 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SERVICE PLAN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 42 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SLAB LAYOUT

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 43 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

BEAM LAYOUT

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 44 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

FOUNDATION LAYOUT

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 45 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

COLUMN LAYOUT

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 46 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
STRUCTURAL DESIGN

1. DESIGN OF SLAB

CONFERENCE HALL

SLAB -1

Clear span = 3240x 5500

End condition = Two adjacent edges discontinuous

Thickness of support =240 mm

Assume grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel i.e., fck=20 fy=415 l / b ratio =5500 /

3240=1.69 is less than 2

Hence it is a two way

slab

Assume over all depth as 120mm and cover as 20mm

D=120mm effective

depth =D-d‟

=120-[20+5]

=95mm
Effective span along short direction ,lx= clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

=3240+95 or 3240+240

=3335 or 3450mm Effective span along long

direction,
ly=clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

= 5500+95 or 5500+240
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 47 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

LOAD CALCULATION

Self-weight = 1x1x0.12x25 = 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2 Imposed

load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load =4.75kN/m2

Factored
load = 4.75x1.5= 7.125kN/m2 ly/lx

=5595/3335=1.67

+αx=0.059

-αx =0.080

+α =0.035

-αy =0.047

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction=+αxwlx²

=0.059x7.125x3.335²

=4.7kNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction =-αxwlx²

=0.080x7.125x3.335²
=6.34kNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction =+αywlx²

=0.035x7.125x3.335²

=2.77kNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction=-αywlx²

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 43 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=0.047x7.125x3.335²

=3.722kNm

Mu =Mux=0.138fck.b.d2 6.34x106

=0.138x 20x 1000xd² d² =2297.10

d =48mm <95mm

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x-direction

Mux =5.15 x 106 Nmm

6.34 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95 x 20)]

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+6.34 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or –(√33938.72- 4 x 7.490x6.34 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast= 195.2mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/195.2] = 402mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 44 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Muy =3.72 x 106Nmm

3.72 x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]

=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +3.72 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490x3.72 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =112.45mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/112.45] = 698.44mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2=[(7.125 x 3.335)/ 2]= 11.88KN τv

=vu/bd

=[(11.87 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.124N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(195.2/1000x95)x100 ]=0.18
τc =0.301x1.3=0.39N/mm² τv< τc

So, the slab is safe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Lx/d]cal<[L/d]pro

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 45 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Lx/d=3335/95

=35.10mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.18 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240.7

M.F = 1.8

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.8

= 36

35.10< 36

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3335 = 667mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 195.2 x ¾

Ast = 146.4mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6²/ 146.4] x 1000 =193.13mm

Provide 6mm bar 190mm centre to centre for a length of 665mm at all four corners in
four

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge strip

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 46 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast min =114mm²

Provide 10 mm bars the spacing = [π/4x102/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge

strips. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm
SLAB -2

Clear span = 3000 x 5500

End condition =one long edge

discontinuous Thickness of support

=240mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel, i.e., fck =20

fe = 415 l/b ratio = 5500 /

3000 = 1.8

1.8 <2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm Effective

depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5]

= 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 3000+95 or 3000+ 240

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 47 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

= 3095mm or 3240mm Effective span

along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 5500 +95 or 5500+ 240

= 5595mm or 5740mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse =1kN/m2 Imposed load

=0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2 Factored load =

4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2 Ly/lx =

5595/3095=1.8

+αx = 0.0598

-αx = 0.0776

+αy = 0.028

-αy = 0.037

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.0598x7.125x3.095²

=4.08KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 48 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=0.0776x7.125x3.095²

=5.29KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αxWlx²

=0.028x7.125x3.095²

=1.90KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction=-αxWlx²

=0.037x7.125x3.095²

=2.52KNm

Mu=Mux=5.29 x 106Nmm

5.29 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd²

d²= 1916.66
d=43.77mm

43.77mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu= 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

5.29 x 106= 0.87x415x Astx 95 [1-(415x Ast/20x1000 x95)]

5.29 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +5.29 x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 5.29 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 49 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast =161.61mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/161.61] = 485.98mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =2.52 x 106Nmm

2.52x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +2.52 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x2.52 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =75.50mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/75.50] = 1040.26mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 3.095)/ 2]= 11.02KN τv

=vu/bd

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 50 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=[11.02 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.116N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100] =[(161.61/1000x95)x100

]=0.17 τc =0.302N/mm² τv< τc hence the

check for shear is safe against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3095/95

=32.58mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20

Pt= 0.17 fs= 0.58xfy =0.58 x

415 =240

M.F = 1.9

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.9

= 38

32.58< 38

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3095 = 619mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 51 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

= 161 x ¾ = 120mm²

Ast = 120mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 120] x 1000 = 235 mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 620mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000=688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge strips

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

SLAB – 3

Clear span = 3600 x 5500

End condition = one long edge

discontinuous Thickness of support =240

mm

Assume grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel i.e., fck=20

fy=415 l / b ratio =5500

/ 3600

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 52 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=1.52 is less than 2, Hence it is a two way slab

Assume over all depth as 120mm and cover as 20mm

D=120mm effective depth, d =D-d‟

=120-[20+5]

=95mm
Effective span along short direction ,lx= clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

=3600+95 or 3600+240
=3695 or 3840mm

Effective span along long direction, ly=clear span+d or

clear Span +one wall thicknes

= 5500+95 or 5500+240

=5595 or 5740mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight = 1x1x0.12x25 = 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1.5kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75kN/m2 Factored load

= 4.75x1.5= 11.25kN/m2 ly/lx

=5595/3695=1.5

+αx =0.051

-αx =0.067

+αy =0.028

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 53 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

-αy =0.037

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction=+αxwlx²

=0.051x7.125x3.695²

=4.96kNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction =-αxwlx²

=0.067x7.125x3.695²

=6.51kNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction =+αywlx²

=0.028x7.125x3.695²

=2.72kNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction=-αywlx²

=0.037x7.125x3.695²

=3.59kNm

Mu =Mux=0.138fck.b.d.
6.51x106 =0.138x 20x 1000xd²

d² =2358.69 d

=48.57mm <95mm

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x-direction

Mux =6.51 x 106Nmm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 54 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

6.51 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95 x 20)]

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+6.51 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x6.51 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast= 201mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/201] = 390m=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =3.59 x 106Nmm

3.59 x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +3.59 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x3.59 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =108mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/108] = 727mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 55 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to

centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 3.695)/ 2]= 13.20KN τv

=vu/bd

=[13.20x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.13N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[201/(1000x95)x100 ]=0.18
τc =0.32N/mm²

τv< τc

So, the slab is safe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3695/95

=38mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20

Pt = 0.18

fs= 0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 1.92

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.92

= 38.4

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 56 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

38< 38.4

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3694 = 738.8mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 201 x ¾

Ast = 150mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 150] x 1000 = 189mm

Provide 6mm bar 189mm centre to centre for a length of 660mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge

strips

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

= 752.18mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 57 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SLAB- 4

Clear span = 2630 x 5500

End condition = one long edge

discontinuous Thickness of support =240

mm

Assume grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel i.e., fck=20

fy=415 l / b ratio =5500

/ 2630
=2.09 is greater than 2, Hence it is a one way slab

Assume over all depth as 120mm and cover as 20mm

D=120mm effective

depth,d =D-d‟

=120-[20+5]

=95mm
Effective span along short direction ,lx= clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

=2630+95 or 2630+240

Self-weight = 1x=12x702.512oxr22587=03mkm
N/m2

LO
WeaA
thD
eriC
ngAcL
oaCrsUeLATION = 1kN/m2 Imposed

load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 58 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

Maximum bending moment= wul2/8

= [7.125 x 2.7252]/8

= 6.61KNm

Maximum shear force = wul/2

=[7.125 x 2.725]/2=9.70N
Mu =Mux=0.138fck.b.d2.

6.61x106 =0.138x 20x 1000xd²

d² =2482 d

=48.93mm <95mm

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel

Mux =6.61 x 106Nmm

6.61 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95x 20)]

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+6.61 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 6.61 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast= 202mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 59 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/202] = 388mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
Area of distribution = [(0.15/100) x 1000 x 95] = 141mm2

Provide 6mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 62)/141] = 200mm

Provide 6mm dia bars at 200mm centre to

centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 2.725)/ 2]= 9.70KN τv

=vu/bd

=[9.70 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.102N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(202/1000x95)x100 ]=0.21 τc
=0.33N/mm²

τv< τc

So, the slab issafe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pro Lx/d=2725/95

=28.6mm

[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification factor.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 60 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Basic value =20

Pt = 0.21

fs= 0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240 M.F 1

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.61

= 32.2

28.6< 32.2

So, the slab is safe against

deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 2725 = 545mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾
= 202 x ¾

Ast = 152mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 152] x 1000 = 186mm

Provide 6mm bar 185mm centre to centre for a length of 545mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 61 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge

strips. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

STORE WASH TOILET

SLAB-5

Clear span = 3600 x 5500

End condition = two adjacent edge discontinuous

Thickness of support =240 mm

Assume grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel i.e., fck=20

fy=415

l / b ratio =5500 / 3600

=1.52 is less than 2, Hence it is a two way slab

Assume over all depth as 120mm and cover as 20mm

D=120mm effective

depth, d =D-d‟

=120-[20+5]

=95mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 62 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Effective span along short direction ,lx= clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

=3600+95 or 3600+240
=3695 or 3840mm

Effective span along long direction, ly=clear span+d or

clear span +one wall thickness

= 5500+95 or 5500+240

=5595 or 5740mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight = 1x1x0.12x25 = 3kN/m2 Weathering

coarse = 1kN/m2 Imposed

load =0.75 kN/m2

Total load = 4.75kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5= 7.125kN/m2 ly/lx

=5595/3695=1.5

+αx =0.056

-αx =0.075

+αy =0.035

-αy =0.047

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction=+αxwlx²

=0.056x7.125x3.695²

=5.44kNm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 63 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

-Ve bending moment along x direction =-αxwlx²

=0.075x7.125x3.695²

=7.29kNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction =+αywlx²

=0.035x7.125x3.695²

=3.40kNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αywlx²

=0.047x7.125x3.695²

=4.57kNm

Mu =Mux =0.138fck.b.d.
7.29 x106 =0.138x 20x 1000xd²

d² =2641.30 d

=51.4mm <95mm

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x-direction

Mux =7.29 x 106Nmm

7.29 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95 x 20)]

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+7.29 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 7.29 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 64 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast= 226mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/226] = 347.36mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =4.57x 106Nmm

4.57 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +4.57 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 4.57x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =139mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/139] = 565mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 3.695)/ 2]= 13.16KN τv

=vu/bd

=[13.16 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.13N/mm²

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 65 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(226/1000x95)x100 ]=0.17 τc
=0.34N/mm²

τv< τc

So, the slab is safe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d =3695/95

=38mm
[L/d]pro =Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20

Pt = 0.17

fs= 0.58 x fy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 1.92

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.92

= 38.4

38< 38.4

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3695= 739mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 66 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

= Ast x ¾

= 226 x ¾

Ast = 170mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 170] x 1000 = 166mm

Provide 6mm bar 165 mm centre to centre for a length of 740mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114] x1000 =361mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge

strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

C
OlF
eaFrIsC
paEn CABI=N3S600 x 4000

EndAcBo-n6dition = one long edge discontinuous

SL

Thickness of support =240mm fe= 415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel,

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 67 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

i.e., fck =20

fy =415

l/b ratio = 4000 / 3600 = 1.1

1.1< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5]

= 95mm
Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span+ one Wall thickness

= 3600+95 or 3600+ 240

= 3695mm or 3840mm

Effective span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span+ one Wall thickness

= 4000 +95 or 4000+ 240

= 4095mm or 4240mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2 Imposed load

= 0.75kN/m2

Total load =4.75 kN/m2 Factored load

= 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 68 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ly/lx = 4095/3695=1.1

+αx = 0.033

-αx = 0.044

+αy = 0.028

-αy = 0.037

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.033x7.125x3.695²

=3.21KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.044x7.125x3.695²

=4.28KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αyWlx²

=0.028x7.125x3.695²

=2.72KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction=-αyWlx²

=0.037x7.125x3.695²

=3.6KNm

Mu=Mux=4.28 x 106Nmm

4.28 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [4.28

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d =39.38mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 69 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

39.38mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu = 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

4.28 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

4.28x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +6.75x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 4.28 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =130mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/130] = 605mm=300mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =3.6x 106Nmm

3.6 x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +3.6 x

106=0

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 70 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 3.6 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =109mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/109] = 722mm=300mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 3.695)/ 2]= 13.16KN τv

=vu/bd
=[13.16 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.14N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(130/1000x95)x100

]=0.136 τc =0.28N/mm² τv< τc hence the check

for shear is safe against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3095/95

=32.57mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.136 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 71 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

32.57< 40

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3695 = 740mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 130 x ¾ = 98mm²

Ast = 98mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 98] x 1000 = 288 mm

Provide 6mm bar 290mm centre to centre for a length of 740mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =461mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge strips.

SLAB-7

Clear span = 3600 x 4000

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 72 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

End condition = two adjacent edge discontinuous

Thickness of support =240mm fe= 415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel, i.e., fck =20

fy =415

l/b ratio = 4000 / 3600 = 1.1

1.1< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5] = 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 3600+95 or 3600+ 240

= 3695mm or 3840mm Effective

span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 4000 +95 or 4000+ 240

= 4095mm or 4240mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1.5kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 73 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 4095/3695=1.1

+αx = 0.040

-αx = 0.053

+αy = 0.035

-αy = 0.047

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.040x7.125x3.695²

=3.88KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.053x7.125x3.695²

=5.15KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction =+αyWlx²

=0.035x7.125x3.695²

=3.4KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.047x7.125x3.695²

=4.57KNm

Mu=Mux=8.13 x 106 Nmm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 74 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

5.15 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [5.15

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d =43.20mm

43.20mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu= 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

5.15 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

8.13 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +5.15x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 5.15x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =156.38mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/156.38] = 502mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =4.57x 106 Nmm

4.57x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]

=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 75 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +4.57 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 4.57 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =138.89mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)138.89] = 565mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 3.695)/ 2]= 13.16KN τv

=vu/bd

=[13.16 x 1000/(1000x94)]=0.14N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(156.38/1000x94)x100 ]=0.165 τc
=0.29N/mm² τv< τc hence the check for shear is

safe against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3695/95

=38.8mm

[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification factor.

Basic value =20 Pt= 0.165

fs=0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 76 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

M.F = 1.98

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.98

= 39.6

38.8< 39.6

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3695 = 740mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 157 x ¾ = 118mm²

Ast = 118mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 118] x 1000 = 240 mm

Provide 6mm bar 240mm centre to centre for a length of 740mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge strips.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 77 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

STAIR ROOM

SLAB-8

Clear span = 3000 x 4000

End condition = two adjacent edges discontinuous

Thickness of support =240mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel, i.e., fck =20

fy=415

l/b ratio = 4000 / 3000 = 1.33

1.3< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm Effective

depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5]

= 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall

thickness

= 3000+95 or 3000+ 240

= 3095mm or 3240mm

Effective span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 78 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Clear span + one wall thickness

= 4000 +95 or 4000+ 240

= 4095mm or 4240mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1.5kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2 Factored load =

4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 4095/3095=1.33

+αx = 0.0502

-αx = 0.0668

+αy = 0.035

-αy = 0.047

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.0502x7.125x3.095²

=3.42KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.0668x7.125x3.095²

=6.95KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction =+αyWlx²

=0.035x7.125x3.095²

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 79 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=2.39KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.047x7.125x3.095²

=3.21KNm

Mu=Mux=4.55 x 106Nmm

4.55 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d²= [4.55

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d= 41mm

41mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu = 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

4.55 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

4.55 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +4.55 x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 4.55 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =138mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/138] = 568mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 80 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =3.21 x 106 Nmm

43.21 x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +3.21 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 3.21x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =97mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/97] = 814mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 3.095)/ 2]= 11.02KN τv

=vu/bd

=[11.02 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.12N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(138/1000x94)x100 ]=0.146 τc

=0.28N/mm²
τv < τc hence the check for shear is safe

against slab.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 81 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3095/95

=32.57mm
[L/d]pro= Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.146 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 2

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 40

32.57< 40

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 3095 = 620mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 138x ¾ = 104mm²

Ast = 104mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 104] x 1000 = 272 mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 82 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Provide 6mm bar 270mm centre to centre for a length of 620mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =518mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge

strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

VERANDAH

SLAB-9

Clear span = 3600 x 1800

End condition = one long edge discontinuous

Thickness of support =240 mm

Assume grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel

i.e., fck=20 fy=415 l / b ratio =3600 / 1800 =2. Hence

it is a one way slab

Assume over all depth as 120mm and cover as 20mm

D =120mm effective

depth, d =D-d‟

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 83 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=120-[20+5]

=95mm
Effective span along short direction ,lx= clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

=1800+95 or 1800+240

=1895 or 2040mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Self weight = 1x1x0.12x25 = 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5= 7.125kN/m2

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

Maximum bending moment= wul2/8

= [7.125 x 1.8952]8

= 3.19KNm

Maximum shear force = wul/2

=[7.125 x 1.895]/2=6.75KN
2
Mu =Mux=0.138fck.b.d .

3.19x106 =0.138x 20x 1000xd²

d² =1155.8 d

=34mm <95mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 84 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel

Mux =3.19 x 106Nmm

3.19 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95x 20)]

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+3.19 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 3.19 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490] Ast= 96mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/96] = 817mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
Area of distribution = [(0.15/100) x 1000 x 95] = 142.5mm2

Provide 6mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 62)/142.5] = 200mm

Provide 6mm dia bars at 200mm centre to

centre.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 85 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 1.895)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.07N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(96/1000x95)x100 ]=0.102 τc
=0.28N/mm²

τv< τc

So, the slab is safe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3695/95

=38.89mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20

Pt = 0.102

fs= 0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 2

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 40

38.89< 40

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 86 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary condition.

Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1895 = 379mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 96 x ¾

Ast = 72mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 72] x 1000 = 392mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 380mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge

strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

Clear span = 3000 x 1800

=752.18mm

SLAB-10

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 87 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

End condition = interior panels

Thickness of support =240mm fe=

415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel,

i.e., fck =20

l/b ratio = 3000 / 1800 = 1.67

1.67< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm Effective

depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5]

= 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 1800+95 or 1800+ 240

= 1895mm or 2040mm Effective

span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 3000 +95 or 3000+ 240

= 3095mm or 3240mm

LOAD CALCULATION

Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 88 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2 Imposed

load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 3095/1895=1.63

+αx = 0.044

-αx = 0.057

+αy = 0.024

-αy = 0.032

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.044x7.125x1.895²

=1.12KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.057x7.125x1.895²

=1.45KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αyWlx²

=0.024x7.125x1.895²

=0.61KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.032x7.125x1.895²

=0.82KNm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 89 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Mu=Mux =1.45x 106Nmm

1.45 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [1.45

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d = 23mm

23mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu= 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

1.45 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

1.45 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +1.45 x 106=0

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 90 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 1.45 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =43mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/43] = 1820mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =0.82 x 106 Nmm

0.82x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +0.82 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 0.82 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =25mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/25] = 3233mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 1.895)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 91 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=[6.75x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.071N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(43/1000x95)x100 ]=0.045 τc =0.28N/mm²

τv< τc hence the check for shear is safe

against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3095/95

=32.57mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.045 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 2

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 40

32.57< 40

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1895 = 380mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

=43x ¾ = 32mm²

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 92 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Ast = 32mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 32] x 1000 = 880 mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 380mm at all four corners in
four layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge

strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

CL
S leA
arBsp-1a1n = 3600 x 1800

End condition = interior panels

Thickness of support =240mm fe=

415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel, i.e., fck =20

l/b ratio = 3600 / 1800 = 2 hence,

it is a one way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 93 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5]

= 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 1800+95 or 1800+ 240

= 1895mm or 2040mm Effective

span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 3600 +95 or 3600+ 240

= 3695mm or 3840mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2

Imposed load= 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2 Factored load

= 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

Maximum bending moment= wul2/8

= [7.125 x 1.8952]8

= 3.19KNm
Maximum shear force = wul/2

=[7.125 x 1.895]/2=6.75KN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 94 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Mu =Mux=0.138fck.b.d2.
3.19x106 =0.138x 20x 1000xd²

d² =1155.8 d

=34mm <95mm

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel

Mux =3.19 x 106 Nmm

3.19 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95 x 20)]

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+3.19 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 3.19 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast= 96mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/96] = 817mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
Area of distribution = [(0.15/100) x 1000 x 95] = 141mm2

Provide 6mm dia bars

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 95 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 62)/141] = 200mm

Provide 6mm dia bars at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 1.895)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.07N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(96/1000x95)x100 ]=0.102 τc
=0.28N/mm²

τv< τc

So, the slab issafe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3695/95

=38.89mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20

Pt = 0.102

fs= 0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 2

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 40

38.89< 40

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 96 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary condition.

Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1895 = 379mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 96 x ¾

Ast = 72mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 72] x 1000 = 392mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 380mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm
Clear span = 3240 x 1800
SLAB-12
End condition = Two adjacent edges discontinuous

Thickness of support =240mm fe= 415mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 97 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel,

i.e., fck = 20

l/b ratio = 3240 / 1800 = 1.8

1.8< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5] = 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 1800+95 or 1800+ 240

= 1895mm or 2040mm

Effective span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 3240 +95 or 3240+ 240

= 3335mm or 3480mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2 Total load

= 4.75 kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5 =

7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 3335/1895=1.76

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 98 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

+αx = 0.064

-αx = 0.085

+αy = 0.035

-αy = 0.047

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.064x7.125x1.895²

=1.63KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.085x7.125x1.895²

=2.17KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αyWlx²

=0.035x7.125x1.895²

=0.90KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.047x7.125x1.895²

=1.20KNm

Mu=Mux=2.17x 106
2.17 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [2.17

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d = 28mm

28mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 99 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu = 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

2.17x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

2.17 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +2.17 x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 2.17x106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =65mm2 Provide

10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/65] =

1208.15mm=300mm Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100)

x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy=0.82 x 106

0.82x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +0.82 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 0.82 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =25mm2 Provide

10mm dia bars

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 100 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/25] = 3233mm=300mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx2/2= [(7.125 x 1.8952)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.071N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(65/1000x94)x100 ]=0.068 τc =0.28N/mm²

τv< τc hence the check for shear is safe

against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3335/95

=35.10
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.068 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 1.96

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 39.2

35.10< 39.2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 101 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1800 = 360mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 65x ¾

Ast = 49mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 49] x 1000 = 577mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 360mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

SLAB-13
Clear span = 2630 x 1800

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 102 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

End condition = One long edge discontinuous

Thickness of support =240mm fe= 415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel, i.e., fck =20

fy=415

l/b ratio = 2630 / 1800 = 1.46

1.46< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5] = 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 1800+95 or 1800+ 240

= 1895mm or 2040mm Effective

span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 2630 +95 or 2630+ 240

= 2725mm or 2870mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2 Weathering

coarse= 1kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2 Total

load = 4.75 kN/m2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 103 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Factored load = 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 2725/1895=1.43

+αx = 0.0485

-αx = 0.0645

+αy = 0.028

-αy = 0.037

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.0485x7.125x1.895²

=1.24KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.0645x7.125x1.895²

=1.65KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αyWlx²

=0.028x7.125x1.895²

=0.716KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.037x7.125x1.895²

=0.946KNm

Mu=Mux=1.65x 106Nmm
1.65 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [1.65

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d = 24mm

24.45mm<95mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 104 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu= 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

1.65x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

1.65 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +1.65 x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 1.65 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =50mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/50] = 1570mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =0.95x 106

0.95x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +0.95 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 0.95 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =28.2mm2

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 105 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/28.2] = 2785mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 1.895)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.071N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(50/1000x95)x100 ]=0.052

τc =0.28N/mm² τv< τc

Hence the check for shear is safe against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3095/95

=32.58mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.052 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 1.99

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.99

= 39.8

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 106 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

32.58< 39.8

So, the slab is safe against

deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1895 = 380mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 50 x ¾ = mm²

Ast = 37.5mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 37.5] x 1000 = 754 mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 380mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 107 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SLAB-14

Clear span = 2630 x 1800

End condition = interior panels

Thickness of support =240mm fe=

415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel,

i.e., fck =20

fy=415

l/b ratio = 2630 / 1800 = 1.46

1.46< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

= 120- [20+5] = 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 1800+95 or 1800+ 240

= 1895mm or 2040mm

Effective span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 2630 +95 or 2630+ 240

= 2725mm or 2870mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 108 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2 Factored load =

4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 2725/1895=1.43

+αx = 0.042

-αx = 0.055

+αy = 0.024

-αy = 0.032

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.042x7.125x1.895²

=1.07 KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.0551x7.125x1.895²

=1.40 KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αyWlx²

=0.024x7.125x1.895²

=0.61 KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.032x7.125x1.895²

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 109 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=0.81 KNm

Mu=Mux=1.40x 106Nmm

1.40 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [1.40

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d = 22.92

mm
22.92 mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is

safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu= 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

1.65x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

1.65 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +1.65 x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 1.65 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =50mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/50] = 1570mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 110 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Muy =0.95x 106

0.95x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +0.95 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 0.95 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =28.2mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/28.2] = 2785mm=200mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 1.895)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.071N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(50/1000x95)x100 ]=0.052

τc =0.28N/mm² τv< τc

Hence the check for shear is safe against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pro

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 111 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Lx/d=3095/95

=32.58mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.052 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 1.99

[L/d]pro = 20 x 1.99

= 39.8

32.58< 39.8

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1895 = 380mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 50 x ¾ = mm²

Ast = 37.5mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 37.5] x 1000 = 754 mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 380mm at all four corners in four
layers.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 112 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge

strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

CL
S leA
arBs-p1a5n = 3600 x 1800

End condition = one long edge discontinuous

Thickness of support =240 mm

Assume grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel

i.e., fck=20 fy=415 l / b ratio =3600 / 1800 =2. Hence

it is a one way slab Assume over all depth as 120mm and

cover as 20mm

D =120mm effective

depth, d =D-d‟

=120-[20+5]

=95mm
Effective span along short direction ,lx= clear span+d or

clear span+one wall thickness

=1800+95 or 1800+24 =1895 or 2040mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 113 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

LOAD CALCULATION

Self weight = 1x1x0.12x25 = 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5= 7.125kN/m2

BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

Maximum bending moment= wul2/8

= [7.125 x 1.8952]8

= 3.19KNm

Maximum shear force = wul/2

=[7.125 x 1.895]/2=6.75KN
Mu =Mux=0.138fck.b.d2.

3.19x106 =0.138x 20x 1000xd²

d² =1155.8 d

=34mm <95mm

Hence, provided effective depth is satisfied and slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel

Mux =3.19 x 106Nmm

3.19 x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x d[1-(fy x Ast/b x d x fck)]

=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95[1-(415 x Ast/1000 x 95x 20)]

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 114 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

=33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast2-33938.7Ast+3.19 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 3.19 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast= 96mm²

Provide 10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/96] = 817mm=200mm

Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

AREA OF DISTRIBUTION
Area of distribution = [(0.15/100) x 1000 x 95] = 142.5mm2

Provide 6mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 62)/142.5] = 200mm

Provide 6mm dia bars at 200mm centre to

centre.

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx/2= [(7.125 x 1.895)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75 x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.07N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(96/1000x95)x100 ]=0.102 τc
=0.28N/mm²

τv< τc
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 115 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

So, the slab is safe against shear.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3695/95

=38.89mm
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20

Pt = 0.102

fs= 0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 2

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 40

38.89< 40

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary condition.

Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1895 = 379mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 96 x ¾

Ast = 72mm

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 72] x 1000 = 392mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 116 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 380mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200 centre to centre in all edge strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2)

=752.18mm

SLAB-16

Clear span = 3240 x 1800

End condition = one long edge discontinuous

Thickness of support =240mm fe= 415mm

Assume , grade of material M20 concrete and Fe 415

steel, i.e., fck = 20

l/b ratio = 3240 / 1800 = 1.8

1.8< 2 hence, it is two way slab

Assume , overall depth as 120mm and cover 20mm

D = 120mm

Effective depth d = D-d!

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 117 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

= 120- [20+5] = 95mm

Effective span along short direction, lx = clear span + d or

clear span + one Wall thickness

= 1800+95 or 1800+ 240

= 1895mm or 2040mm Effective

span along long direction, ly = clear span + d or

clear span + one wall thickness

= 3240 +95 or 3240+ 240

= 3335mm or 3480mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self-weight = 1x1x25x0.12= 3kN/m2

Weathering coarse = 1kN/m2 Imposed

load = 0.75kN/m2

Total load = 4.75 kN/m2

Factored load = 4.75x1.5 = 7.125kN/m2

Ly/lx = 3335/1895=1.76

+αx = 0.064

-αx = 0.085

+αy = 0.035

-αy = 0.047

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 118 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION

+Ve bending moment along x direction= +αxWlx²

=0.064x7.125x1.895²

=1.63KNm

-Ve bending moment along x direction= -αxWlx²

=0.085x7.125x1.895²

=2.17KNm

+Ve bending moment along y direction=+αyWlx²

=0.035x7.125x1.895²

=0.90KNm

-Ve bending moment along y direction =-αyWlx²

=0.047x7.125x1.895²

=1.20KNm

Mu=Mux=2.17x 106

2.17 x 106 = 0.138.fck.bd² d² = [2.17

x 106]/[0.138x20x1000] d = 28mm

28mm<95mm

Hence, the slab is safe.

AST CALCULATION

Area of steel along x- direction

Mu = 0.87fy Astx d[1-fy Ast/fck.b.d]

2.17x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 [1-(415x Ast/20 x1000 x95)]

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 119 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

2.17 x 106 = 33938.7 Ast[1-2.207 x 104]

= 33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +2.17 x 106=0

Ast = [33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 2.17x106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =65mm2 Provide

10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/65] =

1208.15mm=300mm Area of steel minimum= [(0.12/100)

x1000 x 95]

=114mm2

Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

Area of steel along y-direction

Muy =0.82 x 106

0.82x 106=0.87x415xAst x 95[1-(415 x Ast/20 x1000 x 95)]

= 33938.7Ast[1-2.207 x 10-4Ast]
=33938.7Ast-7.490Ast2

7.490Ast²-33938.7Ast +0.82 x 106=0

Ast =[33938.7+or – (√33938.72- 4 x 7.490 x 0.82 x 106)]/[2 x 7.490]

Ast =25mm2 Provide

10mm dia bars

Spacing = [(π/4 x 1000 x 102)/25] = 3233mm=300mm Area of

steel minimum= [(0.12/100) x1000 x 95]

=114 mm2
Provide 10mm dia bar at 200mm centre to centre.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 120 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu =Wulx2/2= [(7.125 x 1.8952)/ 2]= 6.75KN τv

=vu/bd

=[6.75x 1000/(1000x95)]=0.071N/mm²

Pt =[(Ast/ bd) x100]

=[(65/1000x94)x100 ]=0.068
τc =0.28N/mm² τv< τc hence the check for

shear is safe against slab.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

[Le/d]cal<[L/d]pr

o Lx/d=3335/95

=35.10
[L/d]pro=Basic value x modification

factor. Basic value =20 Pt= 0.068 fs=

0.58xfy =0.58 x 415 =240

M.F = 1.96

[L/d]pro = 20 x 2

= 39.2

35.10< 39.2

So, the slab is safe against deflection.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 121 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

TORSION ON REINFORCEMENT
Torsion reinforcement is provided at all corners for this boundary

condition. Provided = 1/5 x short span

= 1/5 x 1800 = 360mm

Area of reinforcement in each of the four layers

= Ast x ¾

= 65x ¾

Ast = 49mm²

Provide 6mm bars then spacing

S = [π/4 x6² / 49] x 1000 = 577mm

Provide 6mm bar 200mm centre to centre for a length of 360mm at all four corners in four
layers.

REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

Provide minimum reinforcement in edge

strip Ast min = 114mm²

Provide 10mm bars the spacing = [π/4x 10²/114]x 1000 =688mm

Provide 10mm bar at a spacing of 200mm centre to centre in all edge strips.

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Development length , Ld=(0.87 x fy x ϕ/4τbd) =(0.87 x 415 x 10)/(4 x 1.2) =752.18mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 122 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SLAB 15

6.2.1 ONE WAY SLAB

SLAB 5

6.2.1 TWO WAY SLAB

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 123 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

8.2 . DESIGN OF BEAM

CONFERENCE HALL

Span = 3000mm
Assume overall depth , D = 500mm d'
= 40mm d = 460mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN
Clear span + effective depth = 3000 + 460 = 3460mm

Clear span + one wall thickness = 3000 + 240=

3240mm

Lesser value is taken , effective span = 3240mm

LOAD CALCULATION
Self weight = 1x 0.4 x 0.24 x 25 = 2.4 KN/m

Imposed load = 56.25KN/m

Total load = 56.25 + 2.4 = 58.65KN/m Factored

load = 1.5 x 58.65 = 87.97KN/m

Maximum bending moment at Centre = Wul2/8 = (87.97x 3.242)/8 = 115.43KNm

Mu limit = 0.138 x fck x bd2

= 0.138 x 20 x 240 x 4602

= 140.16KNm

Mu < Mu limit

Since, the beam is under reinforced beam and singly reinforced beam.

COMPUTATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH

Mu = 0.36 x fck x xumax/d x [1-(0.416 x xumax/d)x b x d2 For fe

415 steel , xumax/d = 0.48 d2 = [115.43 x 106]/ [0.36 x 20 x 0.48

(1-0.416 x 0.48) x 240] d = 416.99 mm , D = 416.99 +40 = 456mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 124 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
Since the available effective depth is more than one required for balanced section .

We will have an under reinforced section.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Xu/d = [0.87 x fy x Ast/ 0.36 x fck x b x d

Ast = [0.48 x 0.36 x 20 x 240 x 460]/ [0.87 x 415] = 1056.75mm2

Provided 20mm dia bars ,

Area of bar = π/4 d2 = π/4 x 202 = 314.15mm2

No. of bars = Ast/ area of bar = 1056.75/314.15 = 3.36 = 4 bars

Ast provided = 4 x π/4 x 202 = 1256.6mm2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Shear force at critical section = Vu = Wul/2 = [87.97 x 3.24 ]/2= 145.51KN

Shear stress τv = Vu / bd = [145.51 x 103] / [240 x 460 ] = 1.31

Pt = 1256.6/[240 x 460] x 100 = 1.13

Τc = 0.645

Τv> τc
When the τv exceeds τc shear reinforcement is shall be provided.

Vertical stirrups are provided,

Vus = Vu – τc x b x d= 145.51 x 103 – 0.64 x 240 x 460 = 74854

Sv = [0.87 x fy x Asv x d]/Vus = [0.87 x 415 x (π/4 x 102) x 460]/74854= 174.26

= 175 mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 125 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Ld = ϕσs/[4τbd]
Where, σs = 0.87 x fy = 0.87 x 415 = 361.05

Ld = [20 x 361.05]/[4 τbd]

As per code τbd is 60% increased .

Total = τbd = 1.2 + (1.2 x [60/100])= 1.92

Ld = [20 x 361.05]/[4 x 1.92] =

940.23mm

Mi = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d [1-(9Ast x fy)/fck x b xd ]

= 0.87 x 415 x 1256.6 x 460 [1-(1256.415/20 x 240 x 460] = 49.43 x 106

Ld< or = [1.3Mi/vu] + L0

Let, anchorage length L0 as zero.

1.3 Mi/ Vu = [1.3 x 49.43 x 106]/[145.51 x 103] = 441.6

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 126 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

6.2.2 C/S & L/S OF BEAM

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 127 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

13. DESIGN LINTEL

Width of opening = 1.5m

Weight of masonory = 7.695KN/m

Wall thickness = 240mm

Height of wall above the opening = 3.35 -2.1=1.25m

Assume overall depth of lintel = 150mm

Effective depth d = 130mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN
Clear span+ effective depth = 1.5+ 0.13=

1.63m Clear span + centre to centre = 1.5+.24=

1.74

Effective span = 1.63m

Height of equilateral triangle above the lintel = l x √3/2=1.73 x√3/2=1.49m

The height of equilateral triangle above the lintel is greater than height of brick wall above
the opening.

LOADS
Weight of rectangular masonry above the lintel = 1 x 0.2 x 1.35x1.5 x 19=
7.695KN/m
Load from floor slab =

25x0.25x0.2x1=1.25KN Self-weight = 0.15 x

0.2 x 25 = 0.75KN/m Total load = 9.695KN/m

Factored load = 1.5 x 9.695 = 14.5425KN/m

Factored bending moment = Wu l2/8 = 14.54 x 1.632/8 = 4.28KN/m

Mu = 0.138fck bd2d
D2E=
P[T4. .O2F8 CxIV1I0L6E
]/N[0G.G
13IN8ExER2I0NGx 200] d = 128

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 128 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

88.05mm
Depth required < depth provided

Hence, provided depth is safe.

STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Area of tension reinforcement, 0.87fy Ast = 0.36fck b xumax

Xumax = 0.48 x 130 = 62.4

Ast = [0.36 x 20 x 200 x 62.4]/ [0.87 x 415] = 248.87mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Area of bar Ast = [π/4] X 102 = 78.53mm2

No. of bars =248.87/78.53 = 3.16 =4 bars

Ast min = [0.85 x b x d ]/ fy = [0.85 x 200 x 130]/415 =

53.25mm2 Ast max = 0.04 x b x d = 0.04 x 200 x 130 = 1040mm2

So provide 10mm dia bars of 4 numbers.

CHECK FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Vu = Wulx/2 = [14.54 x 1.63] / 2 = 11.85KN

Τv = vu/bd = [11.85 x 103]/[200 x 130] = 0.455 N/mm2

Pt=[Ast/bd] x 1000 =248.87/[200 x 130] x 100 = 0.957

From the code τc = 0.59N /mm2

Τv<τc

Τck = 1.10x 0.59 = 0.649

Τv<τc<τck

By using vertical stirrups ,

Sv = [Asv x 0.87 x fy x d] / Vu = [0.87 x 415 x (π/4 x 62) x 130]/ 11..85 x 103 = 111.99mm

0.75 d = 0.75x 130 = 97.5

Provide 6mm dia 2 legged stirrups at 97.5 mm centre to centre distance.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 129 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

% of Ast provided = 1.72

Fs = 0.58 x fy [Ast required / Ast provided] = 0.58 x 415 x [248.87/248.87] =

240mm M F = 2

Effective depth = span / [BV X MF]

= 1630/[20 x 2 ] = 40.75mm

43.25mm < d available .Hence, it is safe.

8.3 SUNSHADE

wall thickness : 240 mm

Assume depth 0f cantilever beam as 100 mm at support and 50 mm at free

end

Loads

Consider 1m wide strip

Self-weight = (0.05×0.1/2)x 25 x 0.75 = 1.4062 KN/m

Live load = 0.75 KN/m2

Total load = 1.4062 + 0.75: 2.156 KN/m

Factored load, Wu = 2.156 x 1.5 = 3.234 KN/m

Maximum bending moment ,Mu=( Wu X L2 )/2

= ( 3.234 x 0.7 52) / 2 = 0.90 KNm

Maximum shear force = Wulx

= 2.4255

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 130 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Depth required, Mu = 0.138 fck bd2

0.90 x106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 d2 d=

18.05
18.05 < (1 provided Adopt depth = 80 mm Over all depth = 100 mm

Area of steel reinforcement

Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d (10.42 x Xu/d)

0.90 x106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 80 x(1-0-42 x 0.87 x 415 x Ast / 0.36 x 20 x1000 x 80)

Ast = 18.25 mm

Minimum area of steel = 0.12/100×750

=90mm2

Ast<Ast minimum

Hence provide Ast minimum = 90 mm2

Use 8 mm dia bars Spacing of bars = 1000 ast /

Ast Area of one bar, ast = π/ 4 x 82 = 50.26m

Spacing of bars = 1000 X 56.26 / 90 = 558.44 mm : 550 mm

Maximum permitted spacing = 3d or 300 = 3 x 80 or 300

= 240 x 300

Hence provide 8 mm diameter bars at 240 C/C distance as main bar

Area of distributors
Area of distribution reinforcement = 0.12/100× bd = 90 mm2

Provide 6 mm dia bars

Spacing is less of

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 131 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

1) (1000xπ/4x62)/90=314mm
2) 5d=400
3) 450 mm
Hence provide 6 mm diameter bars at spacing of 300 C/C distance

Check for deflection

Ast provided =( 1000 x π/4 x 82 ) / 240 = 209.34mm2

% Ast provided = (1000×π/4×82)/240=209.34mm2

Fs= 0.58. x 415 x (90/209.34 ) = 103.43 mm2

MF=2

modified Value Of span / d =

Actual value =750 / 80 = 9.375 < d provided

Hence slab is against slab deflection

Check for shear

Factored shear force , Vu = W1=3.234 x 0.75 = 2 4255

Nominal shear force = Vu / bd= 30.31

Pt=100×209.43/750×80=0.34%

tc(0.25)=0.36 tc(0.50)=0.48
tc(0.34)=0.36+0.48-0.36/0.50-

0.25×(0.36-025

TCk=0.40 x 1.3

= 0.52
Tck>tc>tv

Hence safe

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 132 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

6.2.3 C/S OF LINTEL & SUNSHADE

8.4
STAIR

Height of floor = 3300mm

Height of each flight =3300/2 = 1650mm

Number of rise = 1650/150=11numbers

Number of tread = number of rise -1 =

11-1=10numbers Width of stair = 1250mm

Length of tread = 10 x 280 = 2800mm

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 133 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Keep the width of landing as width of stair = 1250mm

Effective span = 5.5m

Thickness of waist slab = span / 20 = 5500/20=275mm

LOADS
Dead load of slab = Ws =0.275 x 1 x 25 =6.875 KN/m

Dead load of slab on horizontal span is expressed as,

W = [Ws x (R2 +T2)0.5 ]/ T = [6.875 x (1502 +2802)0.5]/300 = 7.28 KN/m

Dead load of one step = 0.5 x 0.15 x 0.28 x 25 = 0.525 KN/m

Load of step per metre length = [1000 / 280] x 0.525 = 1.875KN/m

Weight of finishes = 0.6KN/m

Total dead load = 7.28 +1.875 +0.6 = 9.68KN

Live load = 3KN

Total service load = 9.68 + 3 = 12.68KN /m

Total ultimate load = 12.68 x 1.5 = 19.02KN

BENDING MOMENT

Mu = 0.125 x Wul2 = 0.125 x 19.02 x 5.52 = 71.91KNm

Check for depth of waist slab d =(Mu/0.138 fck.b)

=(71.91/0.138 x 20 x 1250)0.5 = 144.37m

Assuming a clear cover of 20mm and using 10mm dia bars

, Effective depth ,d = 275-20-5 =250mm

Hence the effective depth provided is greater than the required depth.

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87fyAst d [1-0.42(xu/d)]

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 134 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

Xu/d = (0.87fyAst)/0.36fck b x d= (0.87 x 415 Ast)/(0.36 x 20 x 1000 x 250 )

= Ast 2.005 x 10-4

Mu = 0.87 x fy Ast d [1-0.42 (xu/d)]

= 0.87 x 415 Ast x 250 [1-0.42 x 2.005Ast]

71.91 x 106 = 90262.5 Ast [1-0.842 x 10-4Ast ]= 90262.5Ast – 7.6Ast2

7.6Ast2 – 90262.5 Ast + 71.91 x 106 = 0

Ast2 – 11876.64Ast + 9.46 x 106 =0

[11876.64 + or - √11876.642 -4 x 9.46 x 106 ]/ 2

11876.64 – 10159.45 / 2 = 858.60 mm2

Provide 10mm dia bars

Ast = [π/4 x 122 ] = 113.04

Spacing required = [1000 x 113.04 ]/858.6 = 131

Provide 100 mm spacing

Ast = [1000 x 113.04] / 100 = 1130.4

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 135 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

6.2.4 C/S OF STAIR

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 136 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

8.6 COLUMN DESIGN

Assumed size of the column =.24x.45m

Volume of the column =.24x.45x10.14

=1.095m3

Self-weight of the column =1.095x25

=27.702 KN

SECOND FLOOR

Loads from the beam

Weight of the beam B1 =25x.24x.45x1.92

=5.184 KN

B2 =25x.24x.45x2.75

=7.425 KN

B3 =25x045x1.62

=4.74 KN

Total weight of beam =16.983 KN

Parapet load =0.75x0.12x20x(2.04+3.162)

=6.588 KN

Weathering coarse =1x9.375

=9.375 KN

Weight of the slab =9.375x0.12x25

=29.205 KN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 137 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

FIRST FLOOR

Loads from the beam

Weight of the beam B1 =25x.24x.45x1.92

=5.184 KN

B2 =25x.24x.45x2.75

=7.425 KN

B3 =25x045x1.62

=4.74 KN

Total weight of beam =16.983 KN

Weight of floor finish =1.5x9.375

=14.602 KN

Weight of the slab =9.375x0.12x25

=29.205 KN

GROUND FLOOR

Loads from the beam

Weight of the beam B1 =25x.24x.45x1.92

=5.184 KN

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 138 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

B2 =25x.24x.45x2.75

=7.425 KN

B3 =25x045x1.62

=4.74 KN

Total weight of beam =16.983 KN

Weight of floor finish =1.5x9.375

=14.602 KN

Weight of the slab =9.375x0.12x25

=29.205 KN

Total load =211.799 KN

Factored load =1.5x211.799

=317.698 KN

PERCENTAGE OF STEEL
Asc =Pt% of Ag
=1
Let assume Pt

0.8 < 1 < 6

Asc =1% of Ag

=0.01 Ag
AREA OF CONCRETE (AC)
Area of concrete obtained from following equation

Ag = gross area = Area of concrete + Area of steel

Ag = Ac + Asc

Therefore Ac = Ag – Asc
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 139 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
Ac = Ag – 0.01 Ag

Ac = 0.99 Ag

GROSS AREA (Ag)

For Ag from clause 39.3

Pu = load carried by concrete + load carried by steel Pu = 0.4 fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc

=0.4x20x0.99 Ag + 0.67x415x0.01 Ag

317.69x103 = 0.4x20x0.99Ag + 0.67x415x0.01Ag

=10.7

Ag = 317.69x103/10.7

=29691.45

Ag provided=240x450

=108000 m2

Ag provided > Ag required

Provide 20 mm dia bars Area of

one bar = 314.15 mm2

Number of bar = Asc / 314.15 = 4

LATERAL REINFORCEMENT

1) 20/4
2) 6 mm

Maximum = 6 mm

PITCH

1) 16X20 = 320 mm
2) 240
3) 300

240 mm c/c distance

Provide lateral reinforcement 6mm dia bars @240mm c/c.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 140 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

8.6 FOOTING

Size of the column = 240x450 mm

Axial load = 316.15KN

Safe bearing capacity = 150KN/m2

Assume self-weight of footing = 10% of column load = 31.615KN

Total load = 347.77KN

Area of footing required = total load/safe bearing capacity = 347.77/150

=2.31m2 Size of footing = 1.5 x 1.7=2.55m2

Upward column pressure qu = column load/area of footing

= 347.77 X 1.5/12 = 43.47KN

Bending moment

Bending moment Mul = qu x L x (B-b) ^2/8

= 0.14x1700x[(1500-240)^2]/8

= 0.047x10^9Nmm

Bending moment Mu2 about section A-A = 0.14X1500X[(1700-450)^2]/8

= 0.041X10^9Nmm

Effective depth required = (Mu/(Rx b))^0.5

= ((0.047x10^9)/(2.76x1700))^0.5

= 100.085mm
Let provided = 150mm

Area of steel in long

span

Mu1 = 0.87fyAstd (1-fyAst/fck bd)

0.047x10^9 = 0.8 7x 415 x Ast x150(1-415 x Ast /20 x 1700 x 150)

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 141 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
Ast1 = 446mm2

Short span direction

Mu2 = 0.041x10^9 = 0.87x415xAstx150 (1-415xAst/20 x1500x150)

Ast2 = 859mm2

2
Provide Ast2 inn both direction =859 mm
No of bars = 2992/(3.14/4x16^2) = 5 nos

Spacing = (3.14/4x162)2992) = 234mm

Provide 16mm dia bars @220mm c/c in both direction

Check for one way shear

For this consider a critical section is at a distance from the face of the column τv =

Vul/bd

Vul = qn X B (L-a/2)-d)

= 0.14 x 1700 x (1500-240)/2)-150)

= 114240N τv = 114240/(1700 x650) =

0.448 N/mm2
% of Ast provided = 859/(1700 x 150) x100 = 0.33

From table 19 tc = 028 τv < tc hence it is safe.

Check for two way shear

For this consider critical section is at a distance from face of the column τv =

VU2/A

Vu2 = qu ((L X B-(a+ d)(b +d) x d)

= 0.14 (1700 x1500-(240+150)(450+150)

= 324240N

A = (2(a+ d)+2(b+ d) x d)

= (2(240+150)+2(450+150) x 150)

= 297000mm2
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 142 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
Tv =324240 /248300 =1.09

TP = Punching stress = 0.25 x fck^0.5

= 0.25 x20^0.5

= 1.118

Tv < Tp hence it is safe.

6.2.5 C/S OF FOOTING

8.7 . SEPTIC TANK

Septic Tank for 100 users

Detention period = 24 hours

Sludge removal = Once in a five year

Rate of water supply = 135 liters / head / day

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 143 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
Sewage generation = 90 % of water supply
Assume sludge deposit = 30 liters / head /

year Flow of sewage per day = 100 x 135

= 13500 liters

Sludge in one year = 100 x 30 x 5

= 15000 liters

Total capacity of the tank required = 13500 + 15000

= 28500 liters

= 28.5 m3
Assuming the depth of liquid as 1.3 m

Plan area of the tank = 28.5 / 1.3

= 21.92 m2

Let the length of the tank = 3 times the width „b‟

3b x b = 21.92

3b2 = 21.92

b = 2.70 ≈ 3 m
Length = 3 x 3 = 9 m

Assume free board of 0.5 m

Total depth = 1.3 + 0.5 = 1.8 m

Size of the septic tank = 9 x 3 x 1.8 m

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 144 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

SEPTIC TANK

SOAK PIT

Flow of sewage per day = 9600 liters

Assuming the percolation capacity of filter media of soak pit as 1250 liters / m3 /

day Volume required for soak pit = 9600 / 1250

= 7.68 m3

V=π/4 d^2 h

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 145 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
π/4 d^2 h = 7.68 m3

Assuming the depth of pit = 3 m

π/4 d^2 x 3 = 7.68

d = 1.8 m

Provide a soak pit of diameter 1.8 m and depth 3m

6.2.6 SOAK PIT

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 146 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Sl Description of Nos Length Breadth Height Quantity
no item
1 Site clearing Lum sup

2 earth work in 198.72

excavation in
ordinary soil and
depositing on bank
with initial lead up
to 50m and lift to
1.5m
3 P.C.C 1:4:8 in 13.25
foundation
4 RCC work in 1:2:4
a, for footing 83.47
b, for column 19.99
c, plinth beam 14.05
d, for lintel 5.63
e, for sunshade 7.8
f, for roof 62.94
g, beam 29.76
h, kitchen slab 3.24
j, stair case 4.07

Total 230.95
=
5 Sand filing in 44.892
plinth with
excavated soil
including watering
and ramming

6 Brick work 186.68

masonry cement
mortar1:6

7 Plastering with
1:6cement mortar
12mm thick1 coat
to inside and 2083.23
outside wall floated

8 Plastering with
cement mortar1:3
12mm thick 1coat 518.7
For ceiling

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 147 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
9 Flooring with
cement concrete 212.54
1:4:8 10cm thick
10 Flooring with
vitrified
Tiles of approved 380.15
quantity including
pointing and
skirting

11 Flooring with
ceramic
Tiles of approved 85.75
quantity including
pointing and
skirting

12 Da doing the walls

of toilet with white
glazed tiles over
cement mortar 267.62
including pointing
and skirting
13 Granite supplying
and fixing over 25.86
kitchen slab and
steps
14 Supplying and
fixing Anjily wood
frames for window 5.76
,door& ventilator
15 Supplying and
fixing anjily wood 120.06
fully panelled
shutter
16 Supplying and
fixing fully glazed
anjily wood to 50.7
suite the frame of
window and
ventilator
17 White cement
washing 2 coat to
the surface of slab, 2601.93
shade, wall, etc
18 Painting wall with
emaltion paint 2 2083.23
coat primer and 2
coat of putti
19 Painting on new
wood door and 276.53
window 2 coat
over 1 coat primer

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 148 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
20 Providing steel
reinforcement 14503.36 kg
R.C.C work 145.03 qt
including labour
charge for bending
and placing in
position etc.
21 Providing and 2
fixing steel rolling 18.9 m
shutters
22 Iron work in hold
fast and windo grill 250kg

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 149 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
ABSTRACT ESTIMATION

SI Description quantity unit rate per Amount

NO of item
1 Site clearing Lump sum
2 Earth work in 198.72 m3 300 10 m3 59616
excavation in
ordinary soil and
deposting on
bank with initial
lead up to 50m
and lift to 1.5m
3 P.C.C 1:4:8 in 13.25 m3 5450 m3 72212.5
foundation
4 RCC work in 230.95 m3 6500 m3 1501175
1:2:4
5 Sand filing in 44.892 m3 3785 17283.42
plinth with
excavated soil
including watering
and ramming
6 Brick work 186.68 m3 5245.84 m3 979136.6
masonry cement
mortar1:6
7 Plastering with 2083.23 m2 349.95 m2 727047.72
1:6cement mortar
12mm thick1 coat
to inside and
outside wall
floated
8 Plastering with 518.7 m2 520.30 m2 269879.61
cement mortar1:3
12mm thick 1coat
For ceiling
9 Flooring with 212.54 m2 4122.50 m2 873970
cement concrete
1:4:8 10cm thick

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 150 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
10 Flooring with 380.15 m2 1080.65 m2 410400
vitrified
Tiles of approved
quantity including
pointing and
skirting

11 Flooring with 85.75 m2 1041.90 m2 89342.92

ceramic
Tiles of approved
quantity including
pointing and
skirting
12 Da doing the walls 267.62 m2 3735.41 m2 999670.42
of toilet with
white glazed tiles
over cement
mortar including
pointing and
skirting
13 Granite supplying 25.86 m2 4500 m2 116370
and fixing over
kitchen slab and
steps
14 Supplying and 5.76 m3 8452.65 m3 48687.26
fixing Anjily
wood frames for
window ,door&
ventilator
15 Supplying and 120.06 m3 2615.50 m3 315429.3
fixing anjily wood
fully panelled
shutter
16 White cement 2601.93 m2 51.69 m2 134493.76
washing 2 coat to
the surface of slab,
shade, wall, etc
17 Supplying and 50.7 m3 1050.36 m3 53253.25
fixing fully glazed
anjily wood to
suite the frame of
window and
ventilator
18 Painting wall with 2083.23 m2 2048.36 m2 4267205
emaltion paint 2
coat primer and 2
coat of putti
19 Painting on new 276.53 m2 2520.36 m2 696955.15
wood door and
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 151 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR
SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022
window 2 coat
over 1 coat primer
20 Providing steel 145.03 m3 3546.23 m3 514309.73
reinforcement
R.C.C work
including labou
charge for bending
and placing in
position etc
21 Rolling shutters 18.9 M2 250 4725 89302.5
22 Hold fast 250 kg 45 11250 2812500
total 8446799.99
23 Add 8% for 675744
electric work
24 Add 8% for 675744
sanitary
25 Add 2534034
3%cotingencies
total 10051692
26 Add 10% contract 1005169.2
profit
Grand total 12500970.05

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 152 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING PROJECT REPORT -2022

CONCLUSION

In this report planning, designing, estimating and costing of the chool

building at Alappuzha has been carried out. We are happy to state that we have
completed the project to the best of our knowledge and abilities.

We had gone through the Kerala Panchayat Building Rules to

know about the details regarding the occupancy and general requirements, which gave
us a new experience. The drafting was completely carried out in AUTOCAD 2018.
Designing was carried out manually in accordance with the relevant IS Codesand the
structural members were found to be safe in Limit State of Collapse and Serviceability

We hope that we presented the project report successfully. During

the project work we had faced a lot of difficulties. However, we were able to overcome
these difficulties due to the co-operation between the group members and the help and
guidance received from our guide. This project work helped us a lot to understand the
practical difficulties that may arise throughout a work and we wereable to apply
what we had studied.

We conclude the report with sincere gratitude to all, for their valuable help and
guidance. Let us hope that the sincere effort made for this project bear fruits in
future.

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 153 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR

SCHOOL BUILDING
PROJECT REPORT -2022

REFERENCES

1) KERALA PANCHAYATH BUILDING RULE

2) NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

3) IS CODE 456-2000

4) LIMIT STATE DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE, by B. C.

PUNMIA

5) ESTIMATING AND COASTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING by B.

N. DUTTA

6) SHEDULE OF RATES

7) DATA KOOK

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 154 IGPTC, PERUMBAVOOR