EXERCISE 4.
1
FRIEDMAN TEST
Name: Diez, Dawn Ilish Nicole L. Date Submitted: June 24, 2021
Course & Section: 2 BSN B Subject: Applied Statistics
1. You are investigating whether temperature has an effect on the perceived effort felt during an
exercise session. Twelve runners were recruited to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes under three
temperature conditions: 20℃, 25℃ and 30℃, done in a random order over three different days. At the
end of each run, the runners were asked to record how hard the running session felt on a scale of 1 to
10, with 1 being easy and 10 extremely hard. Their results are shown on the table below. Perform a
Friedman test to determine if there are differences in perceived effort based on temperature, using 𝛼=
0.05.
20℃ R1 25℃ R2 30℃ R3
Runner 1 6 6 8
Runner 2 5 7 7
Runner 3 6 7 9
Runner 4 5 8 9
Runner 5 8 8 8
Runner 6 5 7 7
Runner 7 8 10 10
Runner 8 3 4 5
Runner 9 9 10 10
Runner 10 6 8 9
Runner 11 7 9 10
Runner 12 8 7 9
Solution.
1. State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Null hypothesis: H0: 𝜃1 = 𝜃2 = 𝜃3
There are no significant differences in perceived effort based on temperature.
Alternative hypothesis: H0: not all 𝜃i are equal.
There are significant differences in perceived effort based on temperature.
2. We now convert the interval data into rank-order scores for conditions 1-3, shown in the
following table. In the case of tied scores, the average rank is given.
20 ℃ R1 25 ℃ R2 30 ℃ R3
Runner 1 6 1.5 6 1.5 8 3
Runner 2 5 1 7 2.5 7 2.5
Runner 3 6 1 7 2 9 3
Runner 4 5 1 8 2 9 3
Runner 5 8 2 8 2 8 2
Runner 6 5 1 7 2.5 7 2.5
Runner 7 8 1 10 2.5 10 2.5
Runner 8 3 1 4 2 5 3
Runner 9 9 1 10 2.5 10 2.5
Runner 10 6 1 8 2 9 3
Runner 11 7 1 9 2 10 3
Runner 12 8 2 7 1 9 3
∑ 𝑅1 = 14.5 ∑ 𝑅2 = 24.5 ∑ 𝑅3 = 33
The sum of ranks for each condition is now computed, as follows.
Σ𝑅 14.5 Σ𝑅
24.5 Σ𝑅 33
1 2 3
𝑅 = = = 1.21; 𝑅 = = = 2.04; 𝑅 = = = 2.75
1 2 3
𝑛 12 𝑛 12 𝑛 12
3. Next, compute the Friedman test statistic, denoted by , where n is the sample size, and k
is the number of conditions.
This yields:
12 [14.52 + 24.52 + 332] − 3(12)(3 + 1)
𝑋2 =
𝑟 12(3)(3 + 1)
= (0.08333333333 × 1899.5) − 144
= 158.2916667 − 144
𝑋𝑟2 = 14.2917
4. To reject the null hypothesis, the computed must be greater than or equal to the tabled
critical chi-square value at the prescribed level of significance. The number of degrees of
freedom is given by:
𝑑𝑓 = 𝑘 − 1.
For df = 3 – 1 = 2, the tabled critical 𝛼 = 0.05 chi-squared value is 𝑋20.05 = 5.99.
5. Decision: Since 𝑋2 = 14.2917 > 𝑋 2 = 5.99, we reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.05
𝑟 0.05
6. Conclusion: At α = 0.05, the result is significant. Therefore, there are differences in perceived
effort based on temperature.
