Cased Hole Logging
Production Logging Tools ( PLT ) - Overview
By
Petroleum Engineer
Abbas Radhi Abbas
Iraq / Missan / 2020
1
Contents
1. PLT define
2. History Of Production Logging
3. PLT Applications
4. PLT operation
5. PLT Tools
6. data requirements for interpretation PLT
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1. PLT define
Drilling
(Development)
or
Injection
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Contents
1. PLT define
2. History Of Production Logging
3. PLT Applications
4. PLT operation
5. PLT Tools
6. data requirements for interpretation PLT
4
2.History Of Production Logging
Temperature surveys were first used in the mid 1930s. One use was the
estimation of the top of the cement behind the casing
By the late 1950s and early 1960s the basic sensor types had been
developed as individual tools. The surveys required a seperate pass to
obtain flowmeter, gradiomanometer, temperature and so on
1970 saw the sensors packaged together in one tool, meaning a more
efficient single run in the hole. The individual measurements still had to be
run one at a
time. By the end of the decade advances in electronics allowed everything to
be recorded in a single pass across the zone of interest. This had many
advantages not least the savings in time.
„
Improvements continued through the 1980s to the present day with better
sensors, especially pressure gauges, and deployment methods.
The latest tool uses completely new technology to measure a flow profile for
the individual fluid phases all around the borehole.
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Contents
1. PLT define
2. History Of Production Logging
3. PLT Applications
4. PLT operation
5. PLT Tools
6. data requirements for interpretation PLT
6
3. PLT Application
Evaluate completion performance
New wells
1 Injection wells
Re-completions
Monitor reservoir performance & variations
Flow profile
2 Well test
Completion Efficiency
Diagnose well problems
Water entry
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Gas entry
Leaks and mechanical problem
Flow behind casing
Other
Guidance for workover
4 Information for enhanced oil Recovery projects
Identify boundaries for field development
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3.PLT Application
8
Contents
1. PLT define
2. History Of Production Logging
3. PLT Applications
4. PLT operation
5. PLT Tools
6. data requirements for interpretation PLT
9
4.PLT- operation methods
1-PLT operations – Electric-Line 2-PLT operations – Memory ( MPL)
3-Tractor and Coiled Tubing method 10
Pre-PLT- operation
1. Well Select:
Well productivity ( low , medium , high ) ?
Well trajectory ( vertical , deviated , horizontal ) ?
Well type ( injector , producer ) ?
Check the well sketch ( single completion , commingle )?
This well produce natural flow or Artificial lift ?
If this well produce ( ESP ) , have Y- tools or not ?
Well situation ( sand , asphalt ) ?
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Pre-PLT- operation
2.In well site before run PLT :
Take fluid sample from well head and send to lab to check the
water )
Put the well to test separator to check the production at the same
day will run PLT
Keep the well head pressure and chock size constant before and
after PLT operation , to compare the results .
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Contents
1. PLT define
2. History Of Production Logging
3. PLT Applications
4. PLT operation
5. PLT Tools
6. data requirements for interpretation PLT
13
5.PLT- Tools
1. GR
2. CCL
3. Caliper
4. Centralizers
5. Flow-meter ( spinner)
6. Temperature
7. Pressure
8. Density
9. Capacitance
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5.PLT- Tools
Producer Well Injection Well
1. GR 1. GR
2. CCL 2. CCL
3. Caliper 3. Caliper
4. Centralizers 4. Centralizers
5. Flow-meter ( spinner) 5. Flow-meter ( spinner)
6. Temperature 6. Temperature
7. Pressure 7. Pressure
8. Density
9. Capacitance
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5.PLT- Tools
• Gamma- Ray
– Usually, the depth matching is done thanks to the GR log
• Needs to load the open hole GR
– Could give good indications of water source if scales are radioactives
– With gravel pack, Frac-Pack, the natural radioactivity is not more visible.
• CCL
– CCL could help in depth matching if particular completion elements can be identified
– Perforations may sometimes
• Caliper
– Caliper diameter is measured thanks to 2 perpendicular arms
– Diameter is mandatory to compute flow rate
– Even with an accurate completion sketch, caliper data has to be examined
• Scales could be observed thanks to the caliper
• Centralizers
– To keep the tool in the middle of the wellbore is important to get a representative data (downhole
recirculation)
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PLT Tools – Flow-meter ( Spinner )
In line Flowmeters
small spinner
good for high flowrates
Mainly used as backup spinner
Full bore Flowmeters
maximum spinner blade size
best for wide range of flowrates
For injection wells could be
replaced by turbine
Petal Basket
stationary measurement
good for low flowrates
May affect flow regime
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PLT Tools – Flow-meter ( Spinner )
Full-bore spinner In line spinner
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PLT Tools – Flow-meter type
Turbine
Spinner
Fullbore Spinner Fullbore Spinner Continuous In-line Spinner Diverter
3-arm 6-arm Spinner Flowmeter
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PLT Tools – Temperature tools
Temperature is one of the most useful “auxiliary” measurements made in
production logging.
Temperature is very important as it is a good liquid indicator in gas wells
The temperature can be more sensitive to small flows than the flowmeters
Combined with pressure it helps compute the PVT parameters.
The response time is very important more than the resolution itself (especially for
quantitative temperature analysis)
In addition, it will detect very small fluid entries:
The derivative of temperature wrt depth (dT/dZ) can be used to clarify
fluid entries in complex environments.
Gas entries, for example, are characterized by a sharp reduction in
temperature.
It is the only tool in the string that “sees” behind casing, hence it can be used to
detect channeling.
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PLT Tools - Density
Density is used to determine liquid source entry
Gradiomanometer
Nuclear fluid density tool
Tool measure the difference in Gamma ray absorption
pressure between two points
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PLT Tools – Fluid Hold up tools
• The purpose of this tool is to determine the mixture hold up and
determine the relative proportions of the phases present
• Two main way to measure it
– Single sensor in the “middle” of the wellbore
• Capacitance/Impedance tools
– Imaging tools that allow you to have a complete view of the
borehole with several probes : Multi array tool
• Two main manufacturers are
– Sondex :
» Multi Capacitance (CAT)
» Multi Resistivity (RAT)
– Schlumberger : 4 probes
» Multi Resistivity (flowview)
» Optical probes (GHOST)
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PLT Tools - Capacitance
• This tool use the difference
between the dielectric constant
of water and that of oil or gas
• A simple way to find the dielectric
constant of a fluid is to use the fluid
as the dielectric between the plates
of a capacitor
• Hence the tool measures
frequency… counts /sec
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Case1 : PLT – commingle completion
PLT - flowing
tubing
casing
packers 1
2
3 24
Case 2 : PLT – well producing Liquid & Liquid Channeling
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Case 3 : PLT – well producing gas & gas Channeling
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Contents
1. PLT define
2. History Of Production Logging
3. PLT Applications
4. PLT operation
5. PLT Tools
6. data requirements for interpretation PLT
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6.PLT interpretation data requirements
Emeraude software use for Production Logging
interpretation from KAPPA company. .
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6.PLT interpretation data requirements
Emeraude workflow
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6.PLT interpretation data requirements
(1) Logging data :
Open hole logs and deviation surveys are loaded. This
data is used to depth match the PLT data
:(2) Completion details
The internal diameter, depth of the perforations and reservoir
zones, markers, pipe roughness and deviation are loaded in
the completion details.
:(3) Well Sketch
It is possible to create a completion diagram of the well,
by selecting completion items (casing, tubing, cement,
etc.)
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6.PLT interpretation data requirements
(1)Load PL data
Passes and stationary data are loaded from LIS, LAS and ASCII
files.
(2)Editing data
The raw PL data normally requires editing before an interpretation can be performed.
Emeraude contains a broad range of editing options: lateral average, depth stretch, shift,
delete data and fill, hide data, merging, splicing, derivative, sampling, user formula
module, etc…
(3)PL tool configuration
In Emeraude, the user must specify the type of density tool that is used, so the proper
corrections are applied in the calculation scheme. The spinner blade diameter must be
entered to compute the velocity profile correction factor. A built-in list of capacitance tools
is included for the different vendors, with their respective calibration charts.
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6.PLT interpretation data requirements
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Reference
About Authorized
Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas
Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer
Nationality: Iraq- Missan
Date of Birth: 1978
Gender: Male
Education Background:
Period Education description
1996-2001 University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department- (BSc)
Certificates of Appreciation
15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger- waetherford , CNOOC , COSL ,
BHDC )
Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)
Period Work description
(2004-2006) reservoir engineer
(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer
during (2011) drilling and workover engineer
(2011 to 2020 ) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department
Language:
Arabic
Mother language:
Second
language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English.
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Thanks
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